Background Intractable hemorrhage is a dreaded complication after cardiovascular surgery often requiring re-exploration and the administration of large quantities of blood products. In view of problems with aprotinin, a new safer effective agent is needed. Recombinant activated FVII is approved for use in patients with hemophilia A and B who have inhibitors to factors VIII and IX, and has shown promise in off-label use for the management of life-threatening hemorrhage in several clinical scenarios including cardiac surgery. It may help control bleeding, reduce blood product usage, and avoid potential morbidity. Its exact place in the management of bleeding during and after cardiac surgery is not yet fully known. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of patients who were given recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa; Novoseven, NovoNordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark) to control bleeding after major cardiovascular surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at our institution. The decision to administer rFVIIa was made empirically based on the observation by the surgeons of refractory bleeding that appeared unresponsive to conventional hemostasis agents including the requirement of large volumes of blood components, and was at least severe enough to prevent chest closure. We compared blood loss and blood component usage in patients before and after rFVIIa. We also performed a detailed review of the English literature to determine the role of rFVIIa in the treatment of bleeding after cardiac surgery. Results. Between August 2002 to February 2006, 1295 patients underwent open heart surgery at our institution; of these, 28 were given Novoseven either to control intractable bleeding, or to prevent major bleeding. Table 1 shows the patient characteristics. Satisfactory hemostasis was achieved in all but 3 patients after a single 90 μg/kg intravenous dose of rFVIIa. In all patients, there was a dramatic reduction in the amount of blood components (PRBCs, Platelets and FFP) used after rFVIIa infusion (Table 2). Cryoprecipitate was administered routinely with rFVIIa and its usage did not change significantly (Table 2). No thromboembolic or other complications directly related to rVIIa occurred. Conclusions. We have demonstrated that intravenous rFVIIa is effective, safe, and valuable in the management of intractable bleeding after complicated cardiac surgeries. There are several reports and reviews in the literature which corroborate our experience and indicate that recombinant factor VIIa is a potent pro-hemostatic agent which has a role in the treatment of life-threatening refractory hemorrhage associated with cardiac surgery. Earlier preemptive administration of rFVIIa during or before surgery may be of value in patients at high risk of intractable bleeding in order to limit blood loss, and to avoid potential morbidity from large volume blood component transfusions. Randomized, controlled trials are warranted to assess the efficacy, safety, and cost-benefit of this intervention in cardiac surgical patients. TABLE 1. Characteristics and operative course of the 28 patients Mean age 60 yrs (range 22–85) Male, M 24(85%); F 4(15%) Total number of surgical procedures performed: 34 Aortic valve: 7; Bentall or modified Bentall: 9 (3 emergent) Mitral Valve Replacement: 4; CABG: 10; Redo 2 Left pneumonectomy/resection of L Atrial cuff & pericardium: 1 Removal of Inferior vena cava tumor (Renal cell ca): Re-exploration: 6; Delayed closure: 5; Both re-exploration and delayed closure: Median bypass time: 214 min (65–358) Timing of Novoseven: intra op: 21 including elective use in 2 pts; post op: 7 Dose of Novoseven: 90mcg/kg in 22; 45 mcg/kg 2 patients Responders 25(89%) Outcome: Deaths 11(38%) Autopsies: 2; no evidence of systemic thrombosis Table 2. Details of the blood products administered both before and after rFVIIa infusion.


The present invention relates to a Pseudomonas sp. strain having algicidal activity, and to an algicidal microbial preparation using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a Pseudomonas sp. strain having algicidal activity to algae such as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, and the like, and to an algicidal microbial preparation using the same.


As drivers of climate action, cities are taking measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which if left unabated pose a challenge to meeting long-term climate targets. The economics of climate action needs to be at the forefront of climate dialogue to prioritize investments among competing mitigation measures. A marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve is an effective visualization of climate action that initiates a technical and economic discussion of the cost-effectiveness and abatement potential of such actions among local leaders, policy makers, and climate experts. More commonly demonstrated for countries, MAC curves need to be developed for cities because of their heterogeneity, which vary in their urban activities, energy supply, infrastructure stock, and commuting patterns. The methodology for constructing bottom-up MAC curves for cities is presented for technologies that offer fuel switching and/or energy efficiencies, while considering technology lifetimes, city-specific electricity and fuel prices, and emission intensities. Resulting MAC curves are unique to every city, and chart the pathway towards low-carbon growth by prioritizing measures based on cost-effectiveness. A case study of Toronto's climate targets demonstrates the prioritization of select technologies. Leveraging MAC curves to support climate programs enables cities to strategically invest in financing climate action and designing incentives.


PTxy data (bubble-point and dew-point pressures at a specific composition) for two binary systems, propane (1) + n-butane (2) and propane (1) + isobutane (3), are presented in this paper. These binary systems are under consideration for use as a refrigerant for a Lorentz cycle. A recirculation method along with the aid of a new composition measurement system was employed. The experimental uncertainty is 3 mK for temperature, 0.027% + 1.04 kPa for pressure, and 0.11 mol % for composition. A total of 60 data points were obtained in the temperature range of (270 to 310) K for propane (1) + n-butane (2) and (260 to 320) K for propane (1) + isobutane (3). Comparisons of the present data with available mixture thermodynamic models and other experimental data are discussed in this paper.


Intent determination (ID) and slot filling (SF) are two critical steps in the spoken language understanding (SLU) task. Conventionally, most previous work has been done for each subtask respectively. To exploit the dependencies between intent label and slot sequence, as well as deal with both tasks simultaneously, this paper proposes a joint model (ABLCJ), which is trained by a united loss function. In order to utilize both past and future input features efficiently, a joint model based Bi-LSTM with contextual information is employed to learn the representation of each step, which are shared by two tasks and the model. This paper also uses sentence-level tag information learned from a CRF layer to predict the tag of each slot. Meanwhile, a submodule-based attention is employed to capture global features of a sentence for intent classification. The experimental results demonstrate that ABLCJ achieves competitive performance in the Shared Task 4 of NLPCC 2018.


Martha Graham based a number of her choreographic works on Greek tragedies, and in so doing reinterpreted the patriarchal dramas from a female perspective. This essay is an examination of these revisions in three of Graham's ballets: Night Journey, Clytemnestra, and Cave of the Heart. The analysis suggests that in her portrayal of Greek tragedies, Graham reveals a feminist consciousness, both as a revisionist and as an artist who is recreating the female perspective in a patriarchal society.


The study attempts to identify and deal with some Qur'anic verses on Islamic beliefs in the light of their interpretation in the first thirteen sections of Sayyid Qutb's Tafsīr "Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur'ān", covering fourteen chapters from Sūrah al- Fātiḥah until Sūrah Ibrāhīm. The paper is divided into two parts: (1) explanation of Islamic beliefs and their significance in Islamic life, and (2) discussion on the objectives of the Qur'an derived from Sayyid Qutb's interpretation of the verses on the education of Islamic beliefs. The researcher reached conclusion in the study that Islam is a unit that cannot be split; and that Allāh is the only one to be followed everywhere in the life, beliefs, rites, devotional matters, legislation of law, and political sovereignty.


A single-mode fibre with a large core radius and a strong field confinement is shown to be realised by using a dielectric-tube waveguide with an outer higher-index cladding.


Optical switches represent an appealing option to address the upcoming scaling challenges facing electrical switches in data-center networks with the slowdown of Moore's Law and the exponential increase in network demands posed by emerging cloud workloads. Wavelength switching based on tunable lasers and passive arrayed waveguide grating routers is a particularly promising technology for optical switching due to its amenability to fast switching and the passive nature of the core, which leads to lower power consumption and higher fault tolerance. We investigated the potential of this technology in the context of Sirius, a scalable, optically-switched network architecture for data centers, which can achieve ultra-fast switching time. At its core lies a novel tunable laser that can tune across wavelengths in less than 930 ps. The laser uses a disaggregated architecture where the carrier generation is separated from the wavelength tuning, which significantly reduces the wavelength tuning time compared to conventional tunable lasers. In this paper, we describe the different instantiations of this architecture that we developed and present the experimental evaluation.


Local authorities in the UK have lagged behind other sectors in developing a sector‐wide approach to the risk management aspects of corporate governance. The governance framework published in 2001, however, goes further than the private sector combined code in its reporting requirements. This paper reviews the guidance documents issued by statutory and professional bodies and evaluates their effectiveness in assisting local authorities to meet corporate governance requirements for risk management. This analysis is supplemented by a study of the risk management structures and procedures in five UK local authorities in a research project funded by the Chartered Institute of Public Finance Accountants through the auspices of the British Accounting Association Public Sector Accounting Special Interest Group. Based on a number of in‐depth individual interviews this study notes several areas of weakness in both the guidance offered and the policies adopted by local authorities.


A complex-shaped TiAl turbine rotor has been uniformly aluminized by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition under reduced pressure (RPMOCVD), and a thick TiAl_3 layer, which affects the oxidation resistance, can be formed on the surface by subsequent heat treatment. The oxidation resistance has been studied with an oxidation test at 1173 K for 760 ks in static air. The microstructure has been investigated by SEM, EPMA, AES, and XRD. A heat treatment at above 933 K, which is the melting point of Al, is required to enhance the oxidation resistance of TiAl. With increasing the surface roughness of TiAl, the formation of TiAl_3 increases, and consequently the oxidation resistance is more improved.


In density‐scaling Monte Carlo (DSMC) one covers a substantial range of density in a single simulation, obtaining the free energy as well as the usual ensemble averages; a further advantage is the avoidance of quasiergodicity. The method is applied to the subcritical Lennard‐Jones fluid. At kT/e=1.2, the density range 0.02≤ρσ3≤0.80 was studied in four overlapping DSMC runs; data was extracted at intervals of 0.005, i.e., at a total of 157 densities. Free energies, energies, and pressures are found with striking precision, and reasonable estimates are obtained for heat capacity, compressibility, and kinetic pressure. The liquid–gas phase transition is thus characterized with a precision not otherwise possible.


Data mining is a process of examining data from various perspectives. Here, we use a dataset which contains collection of email-id having forename and surname within it. The email-id are combined together as a record with spelling errors. Absence of identification or space may be present among forename and surname that forms a endless string. Here, we have taken the problem of identifying the surname applying various algorithm specially the suffix tree algorithm. At first, we proposed a correction technique for correcting the spelling errors of the forename and also the surname using Edit-distance algorithm. And next, we proposed Phonetic search, which is used as a searching strategy based on pronunciation of words and then we have used a suffix tree algorithm, it is a compressed tree which contains all the suffixes of the text as their keys. Suffix trees allows fast execution of different string operations a, n clustering algorithm, hierarchical clustering technique. We experimented on Indian email id dataset and modified Jaro-Winkler technique for correction and performed Suffix tree algorithm for faster computation and results are summarized in this paper.


Table 1: Unfactored live load demand in th e shear keys and deck for a six-foot section NEXT-D bridge normalized for strip width Shear key Point A/E Point B/D Point C Units Max shear: 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.1 kip/ft Max positive moment: 24.8 34.6 46.6 46.8 (kip-in)/ft Max negative moment: 16.4 27.1 30.9 21.4 (kip-in)/ft


The article discusses the prospects for the development of the oil and gas sector in the Nenets Autonomous District by analyzing the federal and regional strategies as regards their tasks, possible challenges and risks in the implementation of strategies, and solutions offered. We compare the approaches to the Arctic shelf development taken by the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Norway. In 2016, the future of the oil and gas sector in the NAO was actively associated with the development of the Arctic shelf. The draft Strategy 2018 openly recognizes that the fall in oil prices at the end of 2014 made the development of many projects in the oil sector simply unprofitable, leading to their 'freezing' for an indefinite period – and first of all, it affected projects in the Russian Arctic. However, it seems that this particular period of 'freezing' should be used to gradually increase Russian potential in working with Arctic hydrocarbon deposits. Two fundamentally significant elements of such potential are still absent at the level of problem statement in strategic documents. These, in our opinion, include the development of Russian own technologies suitable for efficient hydrocarbon production and related operations in extreme Arctic conditions (including maximum automation and robotization of the most complex and dangerous operations, the development of technologies for reducing environmental risks, etc.), as well as the preparation of a sufficient number of qualified trained personnel able to use these technologies effectively


This thesis presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on various properties of cementitious materials including cement paste and mortar. Normal multi-walled carbon nanotubes are added to ordinary Portland cement paste, with the expectation of improved mechanical performance and modified microstructures. The results are promising, with maximum improvement of 50% in compressive strength and fiber pullout load. In addition, multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with -COOH or –OH groups are added to PVA latex modified mortar. With very low content of both CNTs (<0.15% of cement by weight) and PVA latex (<0.6% of cement by weight), mechanical properties, including compressive strength and flexural strength, are found to be improved significantly. Meanwhile, durability performances, including water absorption and chloride diffusivity, only exhibit mild improvements. The microstructure of both MWCNTs-OH/PVA latex solution and MWCNTs-COOH/PVA latex hybrid modified cement mortar are analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as well. Results reveal the formation of CNT/latex nanocomposite network inside the cementitious matrix, which is consistent with expectation from theoretical consideration.


The study has been done in the greenhouse. It investigated the effect of two cultivars of wheat (Al-Iz and Eratom) shoots spraying with three


The purpose of the study was to determine if heat attenuates sympathetic vasoconstriction in females as it does in male rats (Kluess et al., 2005). Since females have higher α1‐adrenergic tone than males, the hypothesis was that the magnitude of heat attenuation would be less in females. The femoral arteries from 15 female (279±11g) and 16 male (290±10g) Sprague‐Dawley rats were prepared for wire myography. Field stimulation (2–60Hz for 144 impulses) and dose response curves for the P2X agonist, αβ‐methylene ATP (mATP: 10−7 to 10−3M) and the α1‐agonist, phenylephrine (PE: 10−7 to 10−4M) were performed at bath temperatures of 37°C and 41°C. Heat attenuated tension produced during field stimulation in both genders, but there was greater attenuation in males (−65±13% on average) compared to females (−48±10% on average; p<0.05). Heat reduced the tension produced by mATP in female and male femoral arteries, but the slope was higher in males at 41°C (1.39±0.17g/log M mATP), than females at 41°C (0.83±0.09 g/log M mATP; p=0.01). The responsiveness to phenylephrine was unaffected by heat. Skeletal muscle arteries in female rats experience modest heat attenuation, but the magnitude of change is less than for age and weight matched males. The primary mechanism for heat‐induced attenuation of vasoconstriction in the femoral artery in males and females is P2X purinergic receptors.


The ability to ask and answer questions is central to learning. Questioning is one of the thinking processes that can stimulate critical thinking among students. However, it can be seen that students have yet to master the questioning skill and are still in the lower order thinking (LOTs) questions. Therefore, this research aims to improve students questioning after the implementation of Hikmah Pedagogy. The research will reveal student's improvement in critical thinking through the evidence from student's questions. The subjects of the study consist of 27 students who are chosen to participate in the implementation of Hikmah Pedagogy. The results show an improvement where the students were able to produce questions from lower order thinking questions (LOTs) to higher order thinking questions (HOTs) according to Hierarchy of Bloom's Taxonomy. This research recommends teacher to apply Hikmah Pedagogy in order to enhance critical thinking among students.


Deep water source cooling (DWSC) refers to the renewable use of a large body of naturally cold water as a heat sink for process and comfort space cooling. Water at a constant 40-50{degrees}F or less is withdrawn from deep areas within lakes, oceans, aquifers and rivers and is pumped through the primary side of a heat exchanger. On the secondary side, clean chilled water is produced with one tenth the average energy required by conventional, chiller based systems. Coincident with significant energy and operating cost savings, DWSC offers reductions in air-borne pollutants and the release of environmentally harmful refrigerants. This paper discusses the basic design concepts, environmental considerations and performance related to the application of lake and ocean DWSC systems.


During Blancan (late Pliocene) times, rabbits were an important and varied part of prairie faunas. Screen-washing of fossiliferous sediments often yields abundant remains of rabbits, commonly of several different genera, and these remains present problems in identification. By the Pliocene, rabbits had evolved completely hypsodont, evergrowing teeth. The rootless teeth, in the adult, were of uniform diameter throughout their lengths and readily slipped from their alveoli in the decomposing carcasses of dead animals. Isolated teeth and toothless jaw fragments are the fossils usually recovered. Fortunately the anterior lower premolar tooth (P3) alone is usually sufficient for identification to genus. Criteria for separation of the lower P3 of Nekrolagus and Sylvilagus-Lepus from Pi4atilepus were given by Hibbard (1963), and other papers have listed means of separating lower P3's of other genera. The publications involved, however, are devoted to taxonomic and evolutionary discussions, and the characters critical for identification of genera are rarely emphasized or are buried in detailed descriptions. The following is intended to permit the swift and simple generic identification of Blancan rabbit lower P3's in almost all instances. Criteria involve only the lower P3. The relationship of the genus Aluralagus suggested here is original. Through most of the Miocene and early Pliocene (Hemphillian) time, the common rabbits of North America had rather heart-shaped P3's. This tooth form is typified by Hypolagus vetus (Kellogg). The enamel was of rather uniform thickness and there were simple, straight, cementum-filled anteroexternal and posteroexternal valleys (folds), the former the shorter and the latter not reaching half of the distance across the tooth. In late Hemphillian time some environmental change, perhaps in food plants, seems to have placed increased stress on the P3. Blancan species of Hypolagus evolved longer external valleys, sometimes directed more forward or backward rather


Modern wound dressing is a technique of wound care that focuses on moist principles so that the use of wound dressing plays an important role in accelerating the wound healing process. This study aims to determine the Effect of Modern Wound Care with Foam Dressing on the Wound Healing Process of Post Patient's Femur Fracture Surgery. The study used a pre-experiment one group pretest posttest design. The sampling used was accident sampling. The independent variable of the study was modern wound care with foam dressing, and the dependent variable of the study was the wound healing process, assessed by Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment tools. The results of the study before the intervention, the mean Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment score was 23.50 with a standard deviation of 1.080, a minimum value of 23.00 and a maximum value of 26.00. The results of the study after the intervention, the mean score was 15.50 with a standard deviation of 0.850, a minimum value of 15.50 and a maximum value of 17.00. Post operative wound care with foam dressings is expected to be applied and routinely carried out according to the wound care schedule of postoperative patients in order to improve the quality of health services.


The effect of Coulomb interactions between photoexcited electrons and holes on time-resolved two-photon photoemission from a metal surface is investigated with the aid of a simple model where the electron system consists of an sp-band, a d-band and free electron states above the vacuum level. A formula for the correlation trace (photoelectron intensity as a function of the pump-probe delay time) is derived by perturbation theory based on the Liouville equation and by treating Coulomb interactions within the Hartree-Fock approximation. It is demonstrated on the basis of the obtained results how Coulomb interactions affect the correlation trace.


An important part of the operative structure of an enterprise is to manage the various benefit subjects associated with the enterprise and to coordinate their relations. In reality, non-cooperative gaming exists between the beneficiaries, and can be changed to cooperative gaming through certain contracts and cooperation. In perfecting the operative structure with the idea of cooperative gaming, acknowledgement of gaming brings out the active role of the beneficiaries, and emphasis of cooperation creates joint force. Cooperative gaming can be realized by stimulation and restraint. Once it is realized, the enterprise, and even the whole society , will see a situation of work according to ability, each in his proper place and coexistence in harmony.


Tolerance attitudes of students in schools are now starting to experience a decline with so much rejection of differences in many aspects of life. The purpose of this research is to find out whether Citizenship Education is able to create an attitude of tolerance in students at school. In conducting our research we used a descriptive qualitative method where our main focus in collecting data was interviewing three teachers of civics education at the senior high school level. The results of the study show that the Citizenship Education Subject has been able to create an attitude of tolerance in students towards their friends at school, especially during discussions in class. Although in the process of practice it is often faced with many obstacles both from the attitude of students and the surrounding environment.


Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous and landlocked Central Asian country, one of five former Soviet Republics in the region. Agriculture is the main economic sector employing around 20% of population and contributing roughly 20% to the country's GDP. Due to its climatic conditions, the Central Asian region was considered as a space for growing cotton, wheat, fruits and vegetables and tobacco and other cultures during Soviet times. Owing to its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan has been active predominantly in the animal husbandry sector.


Based on the analysis of the asset pricing model under the heterogeneous beliefs and the choice of investors' capital flows as the proxy indicator for heterogeneous beliefs,the empirical research finds that the heterogeneity of investors' beliefs is an important cause of short-term fluctuations in stock price,and that stock price volatility can receive feedback through the strengthening and updating investors' beliefs.However,this kind of feedback mechanism has different effects on different investors: the feedback effect is obvious for general investors,and there is hardly any effect on sophisticated institutional investors.When embodied in the stock market,the volatility of stock price ranging from the Growth Enterprises Market,Small-cap stocks to Large-cap stocks is forever on the decrease.


In this paper, we will discuss techniques that can increase the resolution by 1.4 times without distortion or performance degradation of the original image, using diagonal information of the image. The applied method is to use the image information of 4 adjacent points without actual rotating the image by 45 degrees and enlarge and rearrange it according to the characteristics of the camera, so that the same physical concept as the actual 45 degrees can be applied. This is a concrete realization method that can improve the resolution by 1.4 times without deterioration of performance and a demonstration of this result. 핵심어 : 해상도 향상, 위성영상, 왜곡, 성능저하


"Before we start proposing changes in the breastfeeding recommendations, we need to have our results replicated in larger studies by other researchers. But B12 is so important that we believe it's worth considering whether infants should be given breast milk substitute or regular food after around four months of life," says molecular biologist Eva Greibe, who conducted the study at Aarhus University.


Objective: To study the effect of NGF on promoting new bone formation on the repair of bone defect.Methods: 15mm×8mm in one side of mandibular periosteum bone defects were made surgically in 12 adult white ears rabbits which were randomly divided into NGF group(experimental group) and control group.NGF group implanted nerve growth factor to bone defect area using the gelatin sponge as the carrier.Control group implanted normal saline.The concentration of calcium and phosphorus were examined weekly.In 3 and 6 weeks after implantation,the effectiveness of bone formation was evaluated by Gross anatomy observation,X-ray radiography,micro CT,HE staining and masson three color staining.Results: NGF group was significantly different from control group at the level of serology,iconography and pathology(P0.05).The micro CT observation showed the bone formation in NGF group was more obvious than in control group.HE staining and masson three color staining hinted that collagen and fiber were strongly expressed.General specimens and X-ray further confirmed it.Conclusion: NGF obviously accelerates the bone formation.


We study 114 years of U.S. stock market data and find That there are large cohort effects in stock prices, effects that we label 'organization capital,' That cohort effects grew at a rate of 1.75% per year, That the debt-equity ratio of all vintages declined, That three big technological waves took place: electricity (1895-1930), a 'World War II' wave (1945-1970), and information technology (1971-), and That organization capital tends to grow fastest during the second half of a technological wave.


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</mml:math>
</inline-formula>.


In order to improve the reliability of the Docking Guidance System, an algorithm of the Fuzzy Combined Kalman Filter to fuse information from the vision sensor and the laser sensor separately is proposed in this paper. By monitoring the fluctuation of the measured values, adjusting the state vector covariance of each local filter, using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and modifying the weight of each fusion data of the main filter, the proposed approach can reduce the disturbance of the fluctuation data prominently. The experimental results show that this algorithm is robust for fluctuation of the measured values and can improve the reliability of the system.


Wave-driven outflows and non-disruptive explosions have been implicated in pre-supernova outbursts, supernova impostors, luminous blue variable eruptions, and some narrow-line and superluminous supernovae. To model these events, we investigate the dynamics of stars set in motion by strong acoustic pulses and wave trains, focusing on nonlinear wave propagation, shock formation, and an early phase of the development of a weak shock. We identify the shock formation radius, showing that a heuristic estimate based on crossing characteristics matches an exact expansion around the wave front and verifying both with numerical experiments. Our general analytical condition for shock formation applies to one-dimensional motions within any static environment, including both eruptions and implosions. We also consider the early phase of shock energy dissipation. We find that waves of super-Eddington acoustic luminosity always create shocks, rather than damping by radiative diffusion. Therefore, shock formation is integral to super-Eddington outbursts.


This paper presents a hybrid optimization algorithm which originates from Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Based on the novel and distinct qualifications of IWO and PSO, we introduce IWO/PSO algorithm and try to combine their excellent features in this extended algorithm. The efficiency of this algorithm both in the case of speed of convergence and optimality of the results are compared with IWO, PSO, and some other evolutionary algorithms through a number of common multi-dimensional benchmark functions. Finally, a practical problem consisting design and optimization of an adaptive controller for a surge tank is simulated. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be successfully employed as a fast and global optimization method for a variety of theoretical or practical purposes.


The gas shielded, basic flux cored wires produce weld metal of inherently high quality because of the CaF2-CaCO ~ flux system used. In particular, they routinely give weld metal with diffusible hydrogen levels of less than 6 ml per 100 g of deposit, good ductility and excellent low-temperature impact properties (Ref. 1 ). A restriction to the wider application of such wires has, however, been their operating characteristics. Compared to other types of flux cored wires, notably those containing a rutile flux, basic flux cored wires have harsher arc action, less well regulated metal transfer, more convex beads and higher levels of spatter. In addition, basic flux cored wires have not been suited to out-of-position welding. This can be partially overcome by using small diameter wires with electrode negative polarity and short arc transfer conditions, but incomplete penetration remains a problem. A possible means of improving the operating characteristics of basic flux wires is to combine them with pulsed welding, where the pulse parameters are designed to control metal transfer. This combination has been investigated for standard basic flux cored wires (Ref. 2). This earlier investigation used wire of AWS (Ref. 1) E70T-5 designation and found that the operating characteristics were considerably improved using pulsed welding, while weld metal mechanical properties were little affected. The practical usable range of welding current was greatly extended by pulsed welding, particularly at the lower end of the range. Even with this improved


Municipal waste incineration ash contains heavy metals, and the safety of its disposal and reuse is an important issue. In this study, we discussed a safe recycling technology for bottom ash (BA) by utilizing the excellent heavy metal immobilization feature of geopolymer (GP). First, the differences in chemical compositions, physical properties, and heavy metal contents of BAs discharged in different months were investigated. Next, the reaction products and strength of the mixture of BA and alkali-activator (AA) solution were examined to clarify the reactivity of BA in the AA solution. We also investigated the effects of the discharge time of BA, ingredients of AA solution, curing method and mixing ratio of BFS on the setting time, strength and heavy metal immobilization capacity of GP mortar using ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) and coal fly ash (CFA) as precursors, and BA as fine aggregate, and discussed reaction products and micro-structure of the GP mortar. The main results are as follows: 1) BA contained a small amount of amorphous phase. Hardened GP monolith using BA and AA solution was not dense and had a very low strength. 2) The BFS/CFA-based GP mortar with BA as fine aggregate had a higher strength and a longer setting time when sodium silicate solution (WG) was used as AA solution than when sodium hydroxide was added or used entirely. The GP mortars using the BAs discharged in the warm season had longer setting time and higher strength. The reaction products of the GP mortar with WG solution and BA were mainly C-A-S-H gels. The leaching of heavy metal elements (HME) from the GP mortars increased with decreasing the alkalinity of leachate, but the effect of BA's discharge season was not found in this study. The HME leaching concentrations from the GP mortars in non-acidic water environment were less than the HME leaching limits specified for recycled construction materials directly contacting with water, thus the GP materials with BA can be used in dry or non-acidic water environment. However, when used in acidic water environment, the BA content in the GP materials should be reduced.


Agendia is a worldwide leader in microarray-based gene-expression profiling to assist physicians in their care of patients with cancer. The company has laboratory operations in both Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Huntington Beach (CA, USA). Its lead products are MammaPrint® for prognosis and chemotherapy prediction in early-stage breast cancer and TargetPrint® to determine estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 expression in breast cancer as an adjunct to immunohistochemical assessment. In addition, a colon cancer prognostic (ColoPrint®) and Agendia Services, a biobank and tissue repository, are under development with a 2010 launch date. An aging population and growing world market, and a demand for advanced diagnostics is expected to fuel significant growth in the coming years.


The operational technique of waste management in Subang Regency uses simulations in the form of three scenarios, namely scenario-1 is a scenario that has been running so far (existing), in which recycling activities have not yet developed, so it is practically only a collection-transport-disposal system. a better scenario than Scenario-1, in which there are already recycling activities in the TPA, both in the formal and informal sectors (scavenging) and Based on the projections for each scenario above, it is found that Scenario-3 is a moderate scenario, because: the volume of waste transportation to the landfill is the minimum, the volume of waste that must be removed to the landfill is also the minimum which automatically has the minimum volume of landfill among the 3 (three) proposed scenarios. This scenario makes the transportation system efficient, but requires a larger investment to facilitate facilities and infrastructure. However, this is not the case in Scenario-1, in this scenario, the budget required for the procurement of facilities and infrastructure is relatively lighter than the needs in the other two scenarios.


Due to market demand aimed at increasing the efficiency and engine performance the existing ignition systems are rapidly approaching their limits. To avoid this , engineers are in search of new technologies. In the present study , an experiment was conducted on four stroke multicylinder engine , water cooled CI engine . In the first case , the engine was operated with pure diesel and in second case the engine was operated with diesel and some amount of ( 412 %) H2O2 as an additive.In the experiment injection timing was changed which is the most important parameter in the study. Result showed that , efficiency of the engine increased by adding the hydrogen peroxide in the diesel and exhaust gas temperature is found to decreased reasonably.


Cloud-based systems are used to deliver business-critical and safety-critical services in domains ranging from e-commerce and e-government to finance and healthcare. Many of these systems must comply with strict non-functional requirements while evolving in order to adapt to changing workloads and environments. To achieve this compliance, formal techniques traditionally employed to verify the non-functional properties of critical systems at design time must also be used during their operation. We describe how a formal technique called runtime quantitative verification can be used to verify cloud-based systems continually.


Objective
To investigate the effect of Oxymatnine (Oxy) on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induced oxidative stress and inflammation factors expression in alveolar epithelial cells.

Methods
After treatment with 0.25, 0.5, 1 g/L Oxy separately for 30 min, A549 cells were co-incubated with TGF-β1 (5 μg/L) for 48 h. The expression of iNOS was analyzed by Western blotting.The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the content of MDA were measured by spectrophotometry and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Oxy could effectively decrease the expression of iNOS and reduce activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the content of MDA and the the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by TGF-β1.

Conclusions
Oxymatrine could inhibit TGF-β1 induced oxidative stress and inflammation factors expression in A549 cells.Oxymatrine could be used as a new candidate drug for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Key words:
Oxymatnine; Oxidative stress; Transforming growth factor β1; Pulmonary fibrosis


In order to extract and integrate the required busi ness logics from the rapidly expanding business ser vices accurately and efficiently, developers must fathom the entire service and must decide on the proper approach to merge them which is a complex and time-consuming task. So integrating the service logics automatically by scrutinizing the dependency relati ons existing on business rules, functions and param eters is a challenge in the current scenario which is the motivation of this study. In this study, we addres s this challenge by proposing a comprehensive framework for dynamic service integration which examines the service logics and integrates them dynamically as i nteroperability between the service logic is attain ed. The incorporation of Business Logic Evaluation Model in the presented framework employs a novel approach called dependency analysis which ascertains the dep endencies among the service logics through Finite S tate Ma-chine and integrates from the possible dynamic s ervice integration constructs such as union, composition, substitution and reducibility. The imp lication of this study is to allow enterprises to s hare and integrate the service logics even without developer 's intervention at a much better level. The implementation methodology and evaluation metrics for the proposed framework have also been elucidated.


Since 1950s, many Chinese historians, following the "Theory of Five Development Stages of Human Society", believe that Chinese society from Qin-Han to Ming-Qing dynasties was a feudalist Society with landlord-economy. According to the basic principle of Marxism, the article thinks that this viewpoint isn't in conformity with the characteristics of feudalist society and hold that we should abandon the traditional mode of thought and improve the research on the Chinese history.


Abstract This article analyses mining policy as an indicator of a larger question: are some Third World governments starting to steer away from plunder 'extractivism' towards a paradigm that prioritises the environment? We begin with the cases of El Salvador and Costa Rica, which have major mining bans in place. We then present the results of our research in which we find five other countries with noteworthy mining-policy shifts: Panama, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, and New Zealand. A sixth country, Honduras under President Zelaya, stands as a recent historical case of how sensitive such a policy change can be. A key take-away from our article is that critical development scholars and practitioners need to look more closely at the mining sector – not simply to analyse case studies of specific mining protests and resistances to extractivism, although these are of course important. Rather, there is a need to investigate policy changes that just might be indications that the era of unquestioning extractivism has ended and that at least some governments are initiating policies to incorporate environmental externalities, policies that suggest a changing development paradigm in the direction of environmental – and concomitant social and economic – 'well-being' as envisioned in buen vivir.


Present paper considers a technique of diffraction element microminiaturization in the process of optical data recording onto photothermoplastic films (PTPFs) by using the photothermoplastic recording (PTPR) equipment adapted for outer space. It has been found that the application of surface- active substances (SAS) onto the free surface of PTPF facilitates the appearance and evolution of microdiffraction optical systems (whose period doesn't exceed 1 micrometers ) on the profile of basic diffraction elements (with a period <5 μm). Miniature dimensions of microdiffraction elements provide high resolution without loss in diffraction efficiency, as the dimensions, shape (depth) of a diffraction element actually depend not only on the thickness of the visualizing layer but also on SAS properties, namely on the dielectric and physical- chemical properties and, particularly, on the ability of SAS to influence onto the surface tension. The shift in the flow point of the visualizing layer material provides the increase both in the diffraction efficiency and resolution at the expense of discretization of the surface diffraction elements into 2,4,6,... microdiffraction elements.


The essential conception of green metallurgy is discussed and clearly defined in this paper The objective of decision making for green metallurgy is suggested The objective should include six factors:time(T),quality(Q),cost(C),energy consumption(E),resource consumption(R) and environmental impact(P) The six factors should be considered comprehensively From this viewpoint,a decision making model of green metallurgy is proposed


In this paper, a hybrid scheme based on fifth-order finite difference WENO scheme is proposed for solving spurious oscillation in strong shock-capturing. In this scheme, we consider smoothness indicator as a measurement of gradient and construct a function of indicator, using which the new hybrid can switch between WENO scheme and Lax-Friedrichs (LxF) scheme. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the hybrid scheme dominates the accuracy of the solution in smooth region and non-oscillation can be promised around discontinuity. The new hybrid scheme could essentially preserve positive density and positive pressure. The idea of constructing the hybrid can be easily extended to other high resolution schemes (TVD, ROE etc.) coupled with WENO scheme. These ideas will be illustrated in further study.


Disclosed is a coating film with high hardness which is formed on the surface of a base in an appressed manner and has a refractive index of 1. 28-1.41 and a water contact angle of 90-115 degrees. Specifically disclosed is a coating film having a refractive index of 1.28-1.41 and a water contact angle of 90-115 degrees which is formed by preparing a reaction mixture containing a silicon compound (A) expressed as Si(OR) 4, a silicon compound (B) expressed as CF3(CF2)nCH2CH2Si(OR1)3, a silicon compound (C) expressed as H2NCONH(CH)mSi(OR2) 3, an alcohol (D) expressed as R3CH2OH, and an oxalic acid (E) at a specific ratio; forming a solution of a polysiloxane by heating the reaction mixture at 40-180°C without the presence of water; applying a coating liquid containing the solution to the surface of a base; and heat curing the coating film at 40-450°C so that the coating film is closely adhered to the base surface. Also disclosed are a method for forming such a coating film and a method for producing such a coating liquid.


Super heater Steam temperature is an important and critical parameter requiring continuous monitoring and control for efficient operation of a thermal power plant. The temperature control is achieved by spraying water and the amount of spray water is regulated and sprayed on the tubes carrying superheated steam. Traditional PID controllers used for this control application have an inherent drawback of not being able to adjust to the changing process dynamics as they do not have a plant model in the loop. Further, the temperature variations are dependent on many factors including process time delay, load and other plant disturbances. Adaptive & Feed Forward controllers are limited by the fact that they are all reactive in nature and can act only after the cause of deviation has occurred. Precise control of steam temperature requires a plant model capable of predicting the changes in advance so that it can modify the control action to control the steam temperature more precisely. This paper presents an overview of the performance of a few regression models in predicting the output of Multi-Input-Single-Output (MISO) models which can also be used in the context of predicting the super heater steam temperature.


In the U.S, about 600,000 adolescents per year are hospitalized with severe injuries. To identify predictors for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, researchers followed 108 randomly selected adolescents (32% female; mean age, 16) for 12 months after hospitalization for an injury. Using standardized scales, they assessed symptoms of …


Author(s): Amiri, Mohammad E | Abstract: Application of pre-harvest Ca sprays significantly increased Ca-berry content of table seedless grape 'Asgari'. Calcium sprays were made at rates of different concentrations: 0%, o.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2% w/v CaCl2 (as: T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4). Applications were made at fruit set, early pre-bunch closure and late bunch closure. Calcium content per berry was assessed in all compartments of the fruit. Fruit analyses confirmed the absorption of topical calcium by the grapevine was not proportional to the levels of Ca application. The rate of Ca accumulation during berry development followed a typical sigmoid pattern in the berry of all treatments. The rate of Ca accumulation was dependant on both the growth phase and the level of Ca applied. The highest rate was recorded at 60 days after anthesis in the high Ca (T4) treatment. Ca accumulation in the berry stopped after 80 days after anthesis (beginning of veraison) in all treatments, while, Ca redistributed from flesh to skin during berry ripening. At the end of growing season, Ca content of rachis is almost 6 times greater than Ca content of berry in all treatments. Calcium accumulated mostly in the rachis and less in the flesh during grape berry development.


Awareness and appreciation of nature and environmental sustainability have become global issues. Egypt and Saudi Arabia have contributed to several serious initiatives to participate in the development of feasible solutions to these vital issues. The current research attempted to study the dimensions developed by those initiatives. The research adopted the dimension of education in early childhood and educating children about the issues of nature and the environment by monitoring the practices that take place in four programs implemented in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The research aims to determine how the relationship between children and nature is rooted, and the consequent appreciation of nature and environmental awareness. The qualitative approach was adopted for the continuous interpretation of the practices of participants in the specific programs. The results found that educational programs that seek to merge nature and the environment in the education of children led to increased knowledge of environmental issues, improved environmental ethics and increased desire to discover, learn, protect and preserve nature. In other words, learning about the environment and nature may have a significant positive impact on the behavior of children's connection to nature and the environment. Nature offers real opportunities for children to grow and learn. In light of the current results, the research recommended the necessity of integrating the traditional approach of the early learning stage with a curriculum on the appreciation of nature and environmental awareness. Also, there is a need to train teachers to work in nature with children and educate the community, especially parents, about the importance of learning in nature for their children.


We propose a hose bandwidth a}lecation method to achieve a minimum throllghput assurance (MTLA) service fbr the hose model. Although the hose model, which has been proposed as a novel VPN service rnodel for provider provisioned virtual privat,e networks (PPVPNs), has been proven t]o be effective for network resource eMciency and configuration complexity, therg has been no consideration of a rnechanism to assure qua}ity of service (QoS) in the hese model. The basic idea of our metihod is to gather availab}e bandwidth information from inside a network and use it to divide the availab}e bandwidth into hose$ on each bottleneck link. We evaluate and clarify our method through computer simulation runs. The simulation results sbow that our metl}od can achieve an MTA service in the bose model.


Revealed 2016 as many as 120 sexual violence, and in 2017 as many as 116 cases of sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to enrich the understanding of children aged 4-5 years about the importance of sex education and looking after themselves starting from school. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the subject of the research of kindergarten teacher Joy Kids Elohim, while the object of this research is the sex education curriculum with its own theme. The location of the study was conducted in a small kindergarten class Joy kids Elohim Bekasi West Java. Through this research, the results show that students are getting to know their identities in accordance with the learning program designed, students are able to mention the different tasks and responsibilities of each family member. In the theme of selfstudents are able to complete the activities of sticking and coloring pictures of men and women, and are able to clean themselves after finishing from the toilet. Teachers are required to design activities programs tailored to the needs and stages of early childhood development of 4-5 years.


MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) are self-contained systems that can function without the use of centralized controllers, pre-configured paths/routes, or advanced communication structures. A MANET's nodes are each controlled separately, allowing them to behave in an unrestricted and randomized manner within the MANET. When the node movement arises, the nodes quit their MANET and join other MANETs. In any case, these characteristics may have an adverse effect on the performance of routing protocols and the overall topology of the systems. In a MANET setting, this work evaluates and compares the performance of three routing protocols: AODV, DSR, and DSDV. The research includes running a simulation environment to examine how routing protocols operate when the number of nodes is changes. Since the AODV protocol constructs the route using a demand mechanism, it is more stable than DSDV or DSR when measuring TP and PDR. The DSDV, on the other hand, has a lower delay than other protocol since it builds the route using a table driven mechanism.


The damage of anchorage itself and the instability of surrounding rock around the anchorage are difficult to construct. It is very difficult to analyse and summarize the possible failure modes of the anchorage from the perspective of engineering examples because of the safety of the existing suspension bridge tunnel anchorage. The steel cylinder anchorage structure is innovatively put forward in this paper.


A method of making a branched polymer comprising (C=C)- (C=C)-CO groups is provided. The method comprises: (i) Providing, in admixture, at least one monofunctional monomer comprising one polymerisable carbon-carbon double bond per monomer, at least one multifunctional monomer comprising at least two polymerisable carbon- carbon double bonds per monomer, at least one chain transfer agent comprising a carbonyl group; (ii) Forming a polymer from the mixture; and (iii) Hydrolysing the polymer. A branched polymer is further provided.


Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) have been attractive for the development of plastic Li ion batteries since they combine the advantages of liquid electrolytes (high ionic conductivity) and polymers (free from leaks, good mechanical strength). In this study, phenol formaldehyde resin and Pluronic F-127(EO106-PO70-EO106) were used to synthesize the highly ordered solid polymer electrolyte b organic-organic assembly. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were prepared by dipping a solid polymer electrolyte in 1.0M LiPF6 ethylene carbonate (EC)/ dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/ diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1:1 wt% + 2wt% VC) liquid electrolyte.  Compare to commercial liquid electrolyte (LE) ,GPE has a stable electrochemical window up to 5 V vs. Li/Li. Higher ionic conductivity up to above 1×10 -3


A real-world intelligent system consists of three basic modules: environment recognition, prediction (or estimation), and behavior planning. To obtain high quality results in these modules, high speed processing and real time adaptability on a case by case basis are required. In each of the above mentioned modules, many different algorithms and algorithms networks exists and provide various performances on a case by case basis. Thus, a mechanism that for any of the three computational stages selects the best possible algorithm is required. We propose a platform based on the algorithm selection approach to the problem of natural image understanding. This selection mechanism is based on machine learning; a bottom-up algorithm selection from real-world image features and a top-down algorithm selection using information obtained from a high level symbolic world description and algorithm suitability. To accommodate the high-speed processing requirements, the high-frequency of real-time reconfiguration and a low-cost of implementation, we are using present a novel dynamic reconfigurable VLSI processor for real-time adaptation of the algorithm selection. The new architecture includes a finegrain Digital Reconfigurable Processor, a distributed configuration memory to solve the data transfer bottleneck and an intra-chip packet routing scheme to reduce the size of the configuration memory.


In this paper, we propose a score test to study a vector autoregressive model and its detection of extreme values. We take a likelihood approach to derive the corresponding maximum likelihood estimators and information matrix. We establish the score statistic for the vector autoregressive model under two perturbation schemes for identifying possible influential cases or outliers. The effectiveness of the proposed diagnostics is examined by a simulation study. To make an application, a data analysis is performed using the model to fit monthly log-returns of International Business Machines Corporation stock and the Standard & Poor's 500 index. Lastly, comparisons between the results by the score test and the local influence method are made. We establish two important findings that the score test is more effective while the local influence analysis can be used to diagnose more influential cases.


It is widely accepted in the literature that building strong brands is an important intangible asset that can significantly contribute to the business performance. Brands have become a marketing priority for many organizations because it yields a number of advantages. When consumers have had no experience with a product, are highly involved and perceive high degree of risk in the purchase situation, it is postulated that consumers have a set of risk-relieving devices and actions ranging from most preferred to least preferred which they call upon as needed. Perception of risk causes the consumer to select whichever device appears to be best suited for the type of risk involved. One of the risk coping strategies is to trust a well known brand on which consumers place high brand equity. Thus, high brand equity may lead to reduce the perceived risk of consumers towards a particular product or service. On this ferment, this study was designed to examine the degree of various types of risks the female undergraduates perceive in the context of facial wash purchasing and to investigate the cogent dimension/s which contribute/s to most of the intergroup differences. The sample includes randomly selected 391 female students from a name list prepared by the researchers for this study in national universities in the Colombo district- 2010. A sample survey was conducted by using a self administered questionnaire. The measurements of the 'Perceived Risk' and 'Brand Equity' constructs were developed based on the literature and validated against the data. The results show that there is a weak positive relationship between perceived risk and brand equity. It also shows that the 'Performance Risk', 'Financial Risk', 'Social Risk' and 'Psychological Risk' contributed largely to the differences among the levels of the perceived risk. The study suggests that marketers should not totally direct their marketing mix elements at developing the brand equity only. Some effort should also be aimed at highlighting the importance of other risk reduction strategies to reduce perceived risk in personal care market. Keywords: Brand Equity, Perceived Risk, Risk Coping Strategies, Brand For full paper: firstname.lastname@example.com


We proved that the convex coefficient e0(X)=sup{e0:δαX(e)=0} of a Banach space X holds for any 0αl, where δαX(e)=inf {1-‖αx(1+-α) y‖:‖x‖≤1,‖y‖≤1,‖x-y‖≥e}.


The present invention provides a method for wireless data communications network and a broadcast network. The networking method comprising the following steps: 1) Number of address files and child node's child node of the central power, check networking, wireless synchronization and broadcast by a method, and an address parameter file child node as a packet network commands into the broadcast network; 2) on the sub-power node waits to receive network commands; network node after receiving an instruction from the central node broadcasts, its own address file are compared with a broadcast address, if there is the same address, recording broadcast parameters, labeled network; 3) comprising a central node has a network address of the instruction file is stopped once all of the broadcast, the end of the network. Advantage of the present invention are: technically easy to implement; networking is simple and fast; no path maintenance; network to achieve the desired small hardware resources, reducing hardware costs.


The light guide plate is a key component of backlight units,which determines efficiency and uniformity of light emission.In view of the problem of poor uniformity and low brightness of light guide plate at present,a light guide plate was designed by the optical engineering software.A design method of the microstructure with waveform slot in the edge-lighting flat light guide plate was proposed,and distribution mode and parameters of the microstructure were designed.The results show that high-performance light guide plate could be designed when the microstructure with waveform slot distributed in the light guide plate according to regular pattern,and its uniformity is more than 80%.Compared to light guide plate with dot-matrix rectangular distributed macrostructure,whose uniformity is 60%~70%,this high-performance light guide plate uniformity increased very much.When this high-performance light guide plate size in 40 ~ 60 mm scope changes,its uniformity is more than 80%.


Early Career Members of Assembly 2 (Respiratory Intensive Care) attended the European Respiratory Society International Congress through a virtual platform in 2021. Sessions of interest to our assembly members included symposia on the implications of acute respiratory distress syndrome phenotyping on diagnosis and treatment, safe applications of noninvasive ventilation in hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and new developments in mechanical ventilation and weaning, and a guidelines session on applying high-flow therapy in acute respiratory failure. These sessions are summarised in this article. Early Career Members of @ERSAssembly2 attended the #ERSCongress 2021, and reported on symposia on ARDS phenotyping, noninvasive ventilation in hypoxic respiratory failure, ventilator weaning and high-flow therapy in acute respiratory failure https://bit.ly/3D68r50


Extract: High passage Cendehill strain of rubella virus, possesing in vivo and in vitro characteristics of an attenuated virus, was tested for efficacy in 28 seronegative infants, 3 to 23 months old. Thirteen seronegative infants received one subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of the vaccine preparation containg 103.7 plaque-forming units (PFU) per ml. Fifteen seronegative infants served as controls for viral spread and were kept in intimate contact with the vaccinees for a period of 6 weeks.All thirteen vaccines developed high levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies, from 1/128 to 1/2048, confirming the immunogenicity of the vaccine. No clinical reactions were observed in the vaccinees. The fifteen contacts remained seronegative, indicating that no viral spread occurred from the vaccinees to the susceptible contacts.The present clinical trial provides evidence that high-passage Cendehill strain presents characteristics of immunogenicity, nonreactogenicity and noncommunicability, making it a prospective candidate for a live attenuated rubella virus vaccine.Speculation: When the results of preliminary immunization trials with the attenuated Cendehill strain of rubella virus are confirmed in larger groupt, this strain may meet all the criteria required for a safe and efficient immunizing agent against rubella.


The objective of this study was to experimentally analyze the effect of size on the eccentric compression performance of damaged square Reinforced concrete (RC) columns reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) in a bid to improve the rationality of the design of CFRP-reinforced large concrete members. In the experiment, 18 square RC columns with proportional sizes were prepared, and the principle of the proportional changes in the size was strictly controlled. The effects of the size, eccentricity, pre-damage, and number of CFRP layers were considered in the experiment, and the bearing capacity, lateral deflection, rebar strain, CFRP strain, and failure modes of RC columns of different sizes before and after the reinforcement were studied. The experimental results showed that the CFRP reinforcement could improve the bearing capacity and deformability of damaged square RC columns under small eccentric compression; however, the reinforcement effect gradually decreased with increasing size. When the cross-sectional dimensions were 100, 200, and 300 mm, the bearing capacity increased by 26.17%, 17.27%, and 12.98%, respectively, and the ductility coefficient increased by 104%, 44.80%, and 35.20%, respectively.


The Kurdish language is an Indo-European language spoken in Kurdistan, a large geographical region in the Middle East. Despite having a large number of speakers, Kurdish is among the less-resourced languages and has not seen much attention from the IR and NLP research communities. This article reports on the outcomes of a project aimed at providing essential resources for processing Kurdish texts. A principal output of this project is Pewan, the first standard Test Collection to evaluate Kurdish Information Retrieval systems. The other language resources that we have built include a lightweight stemmer and a list of stopwords. Our second principal contribution is using these newly-built resources to conduct a thorough experimental study on Kurdish documents. Our experimental results show that normalization, and to a lesser extent, stemming, can greatly improve the performance of Kurdish IR systems.


The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing acetaminophen, and more specifically, to a method for preparing acetaminophen, comprising the steps of: reacting a benzene compound substituted with a specific functional group and acetamide in the presence of a metal catalyst; and preparing acetaminophen by reacting a product and an aqueous solution in the presence of a metal catalyst and a base. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing acetaminophen which is environmentally friendly since a strong base is not used during a preparation process, and efficient and economical since acetaminophen can be prepared in a high yield while omitting separation of position isomers.


The reactions of [Pt(en)(L-S,O)]
 +

(en = ethane-1,2-diamine) with L′, where both L and
L′ are the anionic chelating ligands methylsulfanylacetate,
2-(methylsulfanyl)benzoate, 2-(methylsulfanyl)phenolate and their
methylsulfinyl analogues, have been studied by 1
H NMR
spectroscopy in D
 2
O solutions at 40 °C. Thioethers
bind more strongly than sulfoxides to Pt(en) and within each series the
order of affinity towards Pt is

 -
OC
 6
H
 4
SMe >

 -
O
 2
CCH
 2
SMe > -
O
 2
CC
 6
H
 4
SMe and

 -
OC
 6
H
 4
S(O)Me > -
O
 2
CCH
 2
S(O)Me >
 -
O
 2
CC
 6
H
 4

S(O)Me. The first step of the reactions is substitution of the
Pt–O bond of L by the Pt–S bond of L′ to give
[Pt(en)(L-S)(L′-S)], with both ligands
monodentate, S-co-ordinated, followed by closure of the chelate ring of
L′, to give [Pt(en)(L′-S,O)]
 +
,
which occurs by displacement of the Pt–S bond of L by the oxygen
atom of L′. The disubstituted species
[Pt(en)(O
 2
CCH
 2
SMe)
 2
],
[Pt(en)(O
 2
CC
 6
H
 4
SMe)
 2
] and
[Pt(en)(O
 2
CCH
 2
SMe){OC
 6
H
 4

S(O)Me}] are stable at 40 °C and present at the
end of the reactions in equilibrium with the reactants and the products.
Only the former, however, could be isolated as a pure compound.


A major goal of molecular evolutionary biology is to identify loci or regions of the genome under selection. Correct identification allows further comprehension of the phenotypic changes responsible for adaptation and improves both our historical inference and predictive ability for understanding evolution from the past and into the future. To attain this goal, we need not only knowledge of the biological relevance of selective processes relative to neutral processes occurring in the genome, but also a concise and universal lexicon for discussing the relevant evidence. Neither selection nor drift alone can explain levels of genomic diversity observed across the genome, emphasizing the importance of understanding how and when these disparate evolutionary forces may act. In fact, modern genomic insights have proven that more complex processes such as linkage, demography, and biased gene conversion further complicate our understanding of the roles of neutral versus selective processes in evolution. In this perspective, we aim to present and refine our definitions of selection and drift, as well as additional and important mechanisms that constrain evolution of the genome under certain contexts. We highlight that these processes need to be taken into account to correctly identify the targets of selection and stress that a major field-wide goal in the future should be to quantify the absolute importance of these mechanisms.


In this paper we demonstrate that the steady state temperature increase due to the power dissipated by the circuit under test can be used as observable to test the gain of a 2GHz linear class A Power Amplifier. As a proof of concept, we use two strategies to monitor the temperature: a temperature sensor embedded within the same silicon die, which can be used for a BIST approach, and an Infra Red camera, with applications to failure analysis and product debugging.


Two synthetic sequences towards 'push-pull'-enynes 6 have been investigated starting with ynamines 10 (Schemes 2 and 4). In the successful procedure (scheme 4) Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling of metalated ynamines 11 with 4-bromobutenone or (Z)- and (E)-3-bromoacrylates gives 'push-pull' enynes (E)-6a, (E)-6b, and (Z)-6b (38–63% yields). Crucial spectroscopic data and especially 13C-NMR spectra of 'push-pull' enynes are briefly discussed.


Six Sigma, with a myriad of its applications in numerous organizational and business processes, offers a project management methodology that supports achieving a goal of near perfection in process performance. Six Sigma is based on the impetus of Plan-Do-Check-Act can help industries, businesses and organizations to achieve significant performance improvement as most of the Fortune 500 companies have adopted Six Sigma (DeFeo & William, 2004). Six Sigma initiatives primarily entail DMAIC and DMADV methods for attaining a high standard of quality. In this paper we provide a critical analysis of the various Six Sigma applications, techniques and tools that can be used for improving quality and productivity of the organizations. The study also provides an insight into the methods used for risk identification in Six Sigma. The proposed techniques are evaluated and analyzed viz-a-viz DMAIC and DMADV approaches. The objective of this research is to summarize the existing level of research in the field of Six Sigma and highlighting the need for intensive academic research in this area. The study comparatively analyzes Six Sigma with Lean, QFD, PSP/TSP, FMEA, TPRM, AHP/ISS and PMBOK requirements. The study also highlights the prospective areas of future/further research in this discipline. The critical analysis of various techniques studied as part of this research reveals that Six Sigma is primarily beneficial for process improvement, risk identification and management etc. The critical analysis of this study is reported herein.


The aim of the article is to present the reception of one of the most important records of the Orthodox-Christian literature – the Kiev-Pechery Patericon (The Patericon of the Kiev Caves Monastery (Lavra) observable in the works of Taras Shevchenko. The religious aspect of the world view of the Ukrainian poet still evokes a constant interest of the contemporary Shevchenko studies. The semantic abundance of the biblical elements in Shevchenko's poetics points to the creative role of the sacred writings in his artistic visions. Among the poetic constructs an important place is occupied by the biblical topoi, such as the topos of paradise, crucifixion, ascetics, "God's punishment", sin etc. A special position in the semiotic content of the poet's works is taken up by the topos of sanctity. The investigation of the works of Shevchenko in the context of the Byzantine-Slavic inheritance has not been the subject of a separate study so far, although there have been some scholarly publications dealing with the comparison of the spiritual Old Ukrainian (Old Ruthenian) literature and the works of the poet. We believe that detailed studies of the


This study examines the strong preference among Japanese people for luxury brands and makes a comparative analysis of the psychological factors that influence the development of purchase intentions and how they differ between the food and car luxury brands. An empirical analysis was performed by using psychological factors that influence the preference for luxury brands, which Sugimoto [1] demonstrated in a study on Japanese people. The results suggested the following: 1) Differentiation from Others is an important factor in developing purchase intentions for both food and car luxury brands and is a particularly important factor for cars; 2) Conformity to Group Norms is not an important factor in developing purchase intentions for both food and car luxury brands in which consumers continue to feel a sense of rarity; 3) Avoiding Cognitive Dissonance is an important factor in developing purchase intentions for both food and car luxury brands; 4) Quality Evaluation is an important factor in developing purchase intentions for food luxury brands only.


The following article establishes a series of reflections on the political culture and democratization process in Chile, based on the creative analysis stimu...


After vision and direction get things started and people are trained, equipped, and committed to success, the question becomes, "What do you do to keep all this going?" World-class organizations establish recognition and positive consequence systems that fuel the implementation of the vision and direction, and they make sure those standards are met or exceeded on an ongoing basis. These practices communicate a basic understanding about people: recognition is a universal need. People everywhere want to be appreciated for their good efforts, and redirected and coached for any inappropriate behavior.


The effort that China is making for cleaner production of chemicals especially based on technology innovations of green processing and synthesizing methods, is reviewed. An example is the rapidly expanding chlor-alkali industry in China, which manufactures a large volume of products of caustic soda, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc. With a distinct difference from conventional technologies, a series of novel processes are under investigation, both in academic research and in industrial demonstrations, such as clean coal conversion to acetylene using thermal plasma, mercury free catalysis to synthesize vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and a plasma-assisted gas-solid contacting process to make chlorinated PVC (CPVC). All efforts are directed to improving the process effi ciency, saving the materials and energy cost, and accordingly to reducing the emission/disposal of waste gases, liquids and solid residues. We try to address the signifi cance of technology innovations to drive the industry reformation, in order to fully update the outdated processes with heavy pollution and energy consumption, to the state of the art green process and synthesis techniques.


The dispersion of linear waves in a uniform cold quantum plasma is derived using the quantum hydrodynamic equations with the magnetic field of the Wigner-Poisson system. The dispersion of the Langmuir wave becomes whistler-like due to quantum effects and, therefore, the Langmuir wave can propagate in a cold plasma. It is also found that quantum effects do not affect the dispersion of the left-handed, right-handed, and ordinary waves.


Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin are manufactured by one Swedish company, KemaNord AB, which today runs two plants. The plant at Stockvik, near Sundsvall in northern Sweden, started VCM synthesis and PVC resin manufacture during 1945 and is still manufacturing PVC resin from the monomer. The synthesis of VCM was moved to a new plant in southern Sweden in 1968. At the same time some old polymerization reactors were taken down at Stockvik. The hygienic conditions were apparently greatly improved in the Stockvik plant in 1968. PVC resin is manufactured by the suspension, emulsion, and bulk methods. In 1973 the PVC production amounted to about 60,000 tons at the Stockvik plant. KemaNord AB does not manufacture plastic goods from PVC resin. The total number of workers employed on a long-time basis (i.e., at least 2 months employment) since 1945 at the VCM/PVC plant at Stockvik is estimated to be around 620. Air concentrations of VCM in the working environment had not been measured until recently. However, between 1945 and 1968 it is said that workmen occasionally had shown objective signs at very high exposure levels. Today air concentrations in the polymerization plant are 18-20 ppm VC on a average in the reactor rooms and under 5 pprn in drying and packing departments.


The field of the invention is that of devices reconfigurable optical multiplexing / drop also called ROADM. The device of the invention is operable for all spectral channel belonging to a spectral band having a plurality of spectral channels. To this end, the ROADM described comprises at least a first optoelectronic assembly (20) comprising a fiber optic input port (21), an optical fiber outlet port (22), at least one optical gate, and optical coupling means, said door and said means operable for all of said spectral channels, the coupling means being coupled to at least:. an optical modulator (30) whose function is to convert an electrical signal modulated optical signal, coupled to a transmission source (40) tunable WDM, said modulator and said source adapted to operate at least on all the channels ;. a photon detector (50) also operable for all of said spectral channels whose function is to convert an optical signal modulated electrical signal.


The objectives of this study is to analyse the effect of Firm Size, Capital Structure, Firm Growth and Financial Performance simultaneously and partially influence the Firm Value on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014-2017 Period. The type of research is causal associative research which is useful for analysing the causal relationship between one variable with other variables using quantitative data types. This study used secondary data which obtained from IDX and from other official site sources. The population in this study are all manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 20142017 which informs the phased financial statements contained in the firm's annual report. The total population in this study amounted to 147 companies, with a sample of 53 companies using purposive sampling method, the number of observations was 212 observation units. The data collection method used is documentation technique. The method of data analysis in this study is multiple linear regression and path analysis with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. The results showed that the size of the firm has a positive and significant effect on firm value, capital structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value, financial performance has a positive and significant effect on firm value while firm growth has a negative and significant effect on firm value.


Epicurus is a founder of the ancient Greek philosopher, atheist, and Epicurean school.Epicurus was born in 341 BC in Samos, but both of his parents were Athenians. He moved to Athens at the age of 18 before moving to Asia Minor where he was influenced by the philosophy of Democritus. When AD 307, a school of schools was established by him in Athens, which had been active in Athens until his death.It is Legend that the school established in his house and courtyard, completely isolated from the outside world, so he was called "garden philosopher." It is said that at the courtyard entrance there is a sign saying, "Stranger, you will live a comfortable life here, and it is a matter of perfection to enjoy it." Epicurus believed that the task of philosophy is to study the nature of nature, to eliminate religious superstition and to distinguish the boundaries of suffering and desire in order to obtain a happy life. Therefore, his philosophy can be divided into three parts: physics, norms (mainly on the issue of logic and epistemology) and ethics. Epicurus believes that feeling is the standard for judging truth,and feeling is direct. error occurs only in the judgment of feeling. Although based on sensory experience, he affirmed the existence of objects, and further developed Democritus's Atomic Theory. Keywords—Epicurean, Happiness, Criterion, Logic


We evaluated the impact of environmental training on the functions of pre‐synaptic glutamatergic NMDA and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and nicotinic receptors expressed by hippocampal noradrenergic nerve terminals. Synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampi of mice housed in enriched (EE) or standard (SE) environment were labeled with [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and tritium release was monitored during exposure in superfusion to NMDA, AMPA, epibatidine or high K+. NMDA ‐evoked [3H]NA release from EE hippocampal synaptosomes was significantly higher than that from SE synaptosomes, while the [3H]NA overflow elicited by 100 μM AMPA, 1 μM epibatidine or (9, 15, 25 mM) KCl was unchanged. In EE mice, the apparent affinity of NMDA or glycine was unmodified, while the efficacy was significantly augmented. Sensitivity to non‐selective or subtype‐selective NMDA receptor antagonists (MK‐801, ifenprodil and Zn2+ ions) was not modified in EE. Finally, the analysis of NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression in noradrenergic cell bodies of the locus coeruleus showed that NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D subunits were unchanged, while NR2C decreased significantly in EE mice as compared to SE mice. Functional up‐regulation of the pre‐synaptic NMDA receptors modulating NA release might contribute to the improved learning and memory found in animals exposed to an EE.


Total 81 weeds belonging to 59 genera and 31 families growing in the University botanic garden at Sagar were found medicinally important. Various parts of all the weeds have been analyzed for their medicinal utility. Out of 81 weeds, leaves of 64 plants are found useful for various disorders. This is followed by root of 25 plants which are medicinally important. Disease wise analysis has also been carried out. Analysis reveals that for cut, wounds, boils and burns about 29 weed plants are used, whereas 21 weed species each are used for asthma and skin diseases.


Black carbon contributes to global warming and melting of polar ice as well as causing respiratory diseases. However, it is also an inexpensive, easily available carbon nano material for elementary chemistry experiments. In this study, black carbon samples collected from candle light and automobile exhaust pipes have been investigated to examine their compositions and surface characteristics. The observed broad G and D bands and amorphous band in their Raman spectra as well as the high intensity of the D (defect) band reveal that black carbon is principally made of amorphous graphite. The black carbon deposits in automobile exhaust pipes are apparently more amorphous, probably due to the shorter time allowed for formation of the carbonaceous matter. An exceptionally large water contact angle () is observed on black carbon, confirming its superhydrophobicity. The surface roughness evidently plays an important role for the contact angle much larger than that of crystalline graphite (). According to the Sassie-Baxter equation, less than 1% the area actually in contact with the water drop.


This study aims to determine whether the learning process of Islamic Financial Management courses has been effective in improving students' Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial behaviour. This study is a qualitative research, using an ethnomethodological approach, to be more specific this study employs an Islamic ethnomethodology analysis tool, namely "amiiin". The Islamic ethnomethodology "amiiin" has several stages, they are: deed, knowledge, faith, information revelation and ihsan. Previously, the data were primary data which obtained by observation, interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The results of this study indicate that Islamic financial management courses are effective in improving students' Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial behaviour. Likewise, the "amiiin" ethnomethodology analysis after studying Islamic financial management, their financial management behaviour leads to ihsan behaviour, which is to obtain blessing.


Colorectal cancers generally start as colorectal polyps, which can then develop through distinct pathways into colorectal cancer. While the majority of colorectal cancers develop through the adenoma-carcinoma pathway, alternative pathways have also been identified. One of these is the serrated pathway, a phenotypically distinct pathway travelled by a subset of colorectal cancers. Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer risk, but have not further explored whether these variants are also associated with particular subtypes of colorectal polyps. In a recent report in The American Journal of Epidemiology, Drs. Andrea Burnett-Hartman and Karen Makar and colleagues in the Public Health Sciences Division tested the association between colorectal cancer risk loci and various polyp subtypes. These associations were found to vary by subtype, suggesting that previously identified colorectal cancer risk loci play a role in early carcinogenesis for the adenoma-carcinoma pathway, rather than other pathways.


A multi-channel reflectometer diagnostic probing the mid-plane plasma in the O-mode polarization is routinely used for detection of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) on the JET tokamak. The AEs are observed on the spectrogram of the homodyne signal reflected by the inner wall when the probing frequency is higher than the maximum of the plasma frequency (interferometry regime). In particular the time and frequency resolution of the Alfvén cascades (ACs) is better from this technique than from any other diagnostic. We show here that knowing the shape of the density fluctuations induced by an AC, the level of these density fluctuations can also be inferred from the phase fluctuations of the reflectometry signal.


This paper presents a comparison of the pragmatic aspects of some parallel algorithms for finding connected components, together with optimizations on these algorithms. The algorithms being compared are two similar algorithms by Shiloach-Vishkin [22] and Awerbuch-Shiloach [2], a randomized contraction algorithm based on algorithms by Reif [21] and Phillips [20], and a hybrid algorithm [11]. Improvements are given for the first two to improve performance significantly, although without improving their asymptotic complexity. The hybrid combines features of the others and is generally the fastest of those tested. Timings were made using NESL [4] code as executed on a Connection Machine 2 and Cray Y-MP/C90.


This invention provides a function test system and a method for TV card, in which, the system includes: multiple players used in simulating TV stations to generate signal of different system including image signal, sound signal and multiple channel signal, multiple regulators for regulating image signal and sound signal of different system input from the player, at least one mixer for mixing image signal and sound signal of different systems input from the regulator, at least one distributorfor distributing image signal, sound signal and channel signal from the mixer and multiple computers to be tested, each includes a TV card for receiving the signal of image, sound and channel of the corresponding system, which tests the TV card function under multiple channel based on the played image and sound.


Less physical activity is closely related to the risk of non-communicable diseases and degenerative disease. One of the physical activities that are currently high demand is aerobic dance. Cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility are very important for the quality of life and reduced risk of degenerative diseases in the future. Several studies have shown the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility, but research on aerobic dance as a form of exercise have not yet done.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic dance on flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance. This study was an experimental study with pre and post test design. A total of 33 individuals aged 15-25 years were examined on their flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance in Laboratory of Physiology Unsoed before and after carrying out aerobic dance program for 12 weeks in Sisca aerobic studio in Purwokerto. Flexibility was measured by Sit and Reach Test, whereas cardiorespiratory endurance was measured by Quenns Collegge Step Test. Data before and after aerobic dance intervention were analyzed using computer software with paired t test and Wilcoxon test. There was a significant effect of aerobic dance on flexibility (p=0,002) and cardiorespiratory endurance (p<0,001) which increased the flexibility (33,78 cm to 36,45 cm) and improved cardiorespiratory endurance (18,48 became 22,08). In short, aerobic dance affect the flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance.


Pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidines resemble purines by avoiding disubstitution at the peri-positions 1 and 7, but they also resist 1,2-disubstitution in the pyrazole ring. INDO calculations show that 1,2-disubstituted derivatives of allopurinol are the least stable.The anion of allopurinol is present as a mixture of tautomeric forms and yields upon methylation 1,5-, 2,5-, and 2,7-dimethyl derivatives. Alkylation of 4-methylthiopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, either as the neutral molecule or as the anion, offers a convenient approach to the synthesis of many mono- and di-methyl derivatives, which serve as precursors for methylated allopurinols.


Data sets collected independently using the same variables can be compared using a new artificial neural network called Artificial neural network What If Theory, AWIT. Given a data set that is deemed the standard reference for some object, i.e. a flower, industry, disease, or galaxy, other data sets can be compared against it to identify its proximity to the standard. Thus, data that might not lend itself well to traditional methods of analysis could identify new perspectives or views of the data and thus, potentially new perceptions of novel and innovative solutions. This method comes out of the field of artificial intelligence, particularly artificial neural networks, and utilizes both machine learning and pattern recognition to display an innovative analysis.


Constraint problems can be trivially solved in parallel by exploring different branches of the search tree concurrently. Previous approaches have focused on implementing this functionality in the solver, more or less transparently to the user. We propose a new approach, which modifies the constraint model of the problem. An existing model is split into new models with added constraints that partition the search space. Optionally, additional constraints are imposed that rule out the search already done. The advantages of our approach are that it can be implemented easily, computations can be stopped and restarted, moved to different machines and indeed solved on machines which are not able to communicate with each other at all.


By researching the college students' learning achievements,creative ability,enrollment achievements,studying time and utilizing web time and so on,it aims at looking for the influence factor of learning achievements and creative ability.The Results are as follows: there are significant correlation between learning achievements and sex or studying time; there are significant correlation between enrollment achievements and creative ability; There are negative correlation between learning achievements and utilizing web time.