Metaheuristic algorithms are widely recognized as one of the most practical approaches for combinatorial optimization problems. Among representative metaheuristics are genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, tabu search, and so on. In this paper, we explain essential ideas used in such metaheuristic algorithms within a generalized framework of local search. We then conduct numerical experiments of metaheuristic algorithms using rather simple implementations, to observe general tendencies of their performance. From these results, we propose a few recommendations about the use of metaheuristics as simple optimization tools. We also mention some advanced techniques to enhance the ability of metaheuristics. Finally, we summarize some theoretical results on metaheuristic algorithms. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(3): 33–55, 2001


A benign course of multiple sclerosis is characterized by rare exacerbations of the disease, long-term remissions and the lack of severe disability within a few decades after the onset of symptoms. It is known that optic neuritis is the most common symptomatic manifestation of the disease where its relapses may be observed. Descriptions of clinical remission in multiple sclerosis longer than 30 years were not found in the literature. Purpose. To describe the dynamics of visual functions in a patient with a 36-year remission in case of benign multiple scler osis (BMS). Material and methods . At the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution (Moscow) the dynamics of visual functions in this female patient since the age from 22 years to 58 years. Following standard research methods were performed: computer perimetry using the Humphrey HFA II-750i device, optical coherence tomography (OCT) using the spectral optical coherence tomography Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., USA), computer Microperimetry MR-1 (Nidek technologies, Vigonza, Italy), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits (Siemens Magnetom AVANTO, 3 Tl) using the T1 and T2 FLAIR and T2 Fat Saturation programs. Results. This female patient with a clinic of multiple sclerosis nonmanifested within 36 years after the first episode of optic neuritis was examined and treated at the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution (Moscow, Russian Federation) the patient was with visual disabilities and the interval of benign MS course was 36 years. During this period the patient suffered optic neuritis (ON) of the right eye at the age of 22 years and ON in the contra-lateral eye aged 58 years. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was confirmed on the basis of sub-clinical neurological deficit (intention tremor when performing finger-nose test, increased knee reflexes, instability in Romberg), a repeated episode of optic neuritis in the fellow eye, the presence of multiple T2 lesions in a typical MS localization according the McDonald criteria. After the final confirmation of the diagnosis of MS in 58 years, the first episode of ON, which occurred 36 years ago, has been identified as a manifest disease. Diagnosis: OD – Atrophy of the optic nerve. OS – Optic neuritis. Benign Relaps-Remmiting Multiple Sclerosis (BRRMS), cerebral form, the acute stage. An early start of the disease with an isolated optic mono-symptom is typical for a benign MS course. Further research of these cases, it may be useful to optimize the management tactics all patients already diagnosed MS. Conclusion . The presented clinical case of a 36-year remission of MS is rare in the clinical practice. All patients with an episode of optic neuritis in history must be supervised by an ophthalmologist and a neur ologist.


Some analysts view risk as the Achilles Heel of employee ownership and to some extent variable pay plans such as profit sharing and gainsharing. Workers in such "shared capitalist" firms may invest too much of their wealth in the firm, contrary to the principle of diversification. This paper addresses whether the risk in shared capitalism makes it unwise for most workers or whether the risk can be managed to limit much of the loss of utility from holding the extra risk. We create an index of financial security based on worker pay and wealth, and find that workers who feel financially insecure exhibit fewer of the positive outcomes associated with shared capitalism, and are less interested than other workers in receiving more employee ownership or even more profit sharing in their workplaces. This response is substantially lessened, however, when accounting for worker empowerment, good employee relations, and high-performance work bundles that appear to buffer worker response toward risk and increase interest in shared capitalism plans. We also discuss portfolio theory which suggests that any risky investment -- including stock in one's company -- can be part of an efficient portfolio as long as the overall portfolio is properly diversified. We show that given estimates of risk aversion parameters, workers could prudently hold reasonable proportions of their assets in employee stock ownership of their firm with only a modest loss in utility due to risk. A good strategy for firms is to personalize individual portfolios on the basis of worker characteristics and preferences, developing investment strategies that would diversify each worker's entire portfolio in ways consistent with individual risk preferences.


The abstract Cauchy problem for the distributed order fractional evolution equation in the Caputo and in the Riemann–Liouville sense is studied for operators generating a strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup on a Banach space. Continuous as well as discrete distribution of fractional time-derivatives of order less than one is considered. The problem is reformulated as an abstract Volterra integral equation. It is proven that its kernel satisfies certain complete monotonicity properties. Based on these properties, the well-posedness of the problem is established and a series expansion of the solution is obtained. In case of ordered Banach space this representation implies positivity of the solution operator. In addition, a subordination formula is obtained.


∗ Mr. Vodra is a senior partner and Mr. Miller is a senior associate in the Washington, D.C. law firm of Arnold & Porter, Associate Member of the International Trademark Association. Messrs. Vodra and Miller served as counsel to Pfizer Inc. and UCB Pharma, Inc. in the primary litigation discussed in this article. Although much of the legal and scientific research described in this article was funded by these clients, the views expressed herein are solely those of the authors.


1.Although interspecific variation in plant phenotype is recognized to impact afterlife processes such as litter decomposability, it is still unclear which traits and selection pressures explain these relationships. Examining intraspecific variation is crucial to identify and compare trait effects on decomposability, and investigate the potential role of natural selection. 2.We studied the genetic variability and relationships between decomposability, plant traits typically related to decomposability at species level (morpho-physiological traits), and leaf metabolites among a set of genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under controlled conditions. We also investigated correlations between decomposability and environmental variables at genotypes collection site. We investigated the genetic architecture of decomposability with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). 3.There was large genetic variability in decomposability, which was positively correlated with precipitation. Morpho-physiological traits had a minor effect, while secondary metabolites, especially glucosinolates, were correlated to decomposability. Consistently, GWAS suggest that genes and metabolites related to the composition of cell membranes and envelopes control the variation of decomposability across genotypes. 4.Our study suggests that decomposability varies within species as a result of metabolic adaptation to climate. Our findings in highlight that subtle variations of defence-related metabolites like glucosinolates may strongly influence afterlife processes such as decomposability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This paper proposes an approach for reliably identifying complex Arabic phonemes in continuous speech. This is proposed to be done by a mixture of artificial neural experts. These experts are typically time delay neural networks using an original version of the autoregressive backpropagation algorithm (AR-TDNN). A module using specific cues generated by an ear model operates the speech phone segmentation. Perceptual linear predictive (PLP) coefficients, energy, zero crossing rate and their derivatives are used as input parameters. Serial and parallel architectures of AR-TDNN have been implemented and confronted to a monolithic system using a simple backpropagation algorithm.


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to survey the relationship between demographic characteristics and attitudes of the people of Ahvaz (Iran) towards public libraries
Method: This research is of a descriptive-analytical and survey type. The population of the present study consisted of the total people living in Ahvaz, and using Krejcie-Morgan Table, 410 people were randomly selected through quota sampling method as the sample. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire; the validity of the instrument were tested using content validity, and its reliability was measured through Cronbach's Alpha (0.85). Questionnaires were distributed and collected in person by the researchers. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics as well as one-sample t-test, two-independent sample- t-test, ANOVA, and Kolmogrov-Smirnov were applied.
Findings: Findings showed that total attitudes of the respondents were positive and at "fairly desirable". Socia-cultural value of public libraries obtained the highest score, and facilities and equipment got the lowest score. People in different age groups and different economic-social groups were significantly different in their attitudes towards public libraries' social status. Demographic characteristics should be considered.


Detection of microaneurysms in retinal fundus images involves the proper selection of green sub-band channel of retinal fundus image illumination smoothing of retinal fundus image by bi-cubical interpolation blood vessel detection. Rotational cross-sectional profile analysis on the regional maximum pixels centered on regional maximum pixels and the peak other properties are measured. The statistical parameters like mean standard deviation, co-efficient of variation of feature set are calculated. The microaneurysm candidates are estimated by comparison of distribution from the values of mean and standard deviation with the training set obtained from various datasets. The final result obtained is MA co-ordinates Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease and a common lifestyle disorder affecting people of any age group and the retinal complications are one of the common causes for preventable blindness in adults. A retinal microaneurysm is a tiny area of blood vessel protruding from an artery or vein in the retina of the eye. They may rupture and leak blood into the retinal tissue surrounding it, which may lead tofurther bleeding in the retina, vitreous, progressing to detachment of retina and visual loss, if not detected and treated at an earlier stage. The earlier stages in detection of the diabetic retinopathy is thus important to prevent blindness in diabetic patients as India is the diabetic capital of the world .Currently the microaneurysm evaluation is manually performed and is subject to individual evaluation by ophthalmologists. There are various other indicators for the detection of microaneurysm namely visual field test and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. But the detection involves


Background: Unhealthy behaviors (eg, poor food choices) contribute to obesity and numerous negative health outcomes, including multiple types of cancer and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. To promote healthy food choice, diet interventions should build on the dual-system model to target the regulation and reward mechanisms that guide eating behavior. Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been shown to strengthen regulation mechanisms by reducing unhealthy food choice and temporal discounting (TD), a process of placing greater value on smaller immediate rewards over larger future rewards. However, these interventions do not target the reward mechanisms that could support healthy eating and strengthen the impact of EFT-anchored programs. Increasing positive affect (PosA) related to healthy food choices may target reward mechanisms by enhancing the rewarding effects of healthy eating. An intervention that increases self-regulation regarding unhealthy foods and the reward value of healthy foods will likely have a greater impact on eating behavior compared with interventions focused on either process alone. Objective: This study aimed to introduce a protocol that tests the independent and interactive effects of EFT and PosA on TD, food choice, and food demand in overweight and obese adults. Methods: This protocol describes a factorial, randomized, controlled pilot study that employs a 2 (affective imagery: positive, neutral) by 2 (EFT: yes, no) design in which participants are randomized to 1 of 4 guided imagery intervention arms. In total, 156 eligible participants will complete 2 lab visits separated by 5 days. At visit 1, participants complete surveys; listen to the audio guided imagery intervention; and complete TD, food demand, and food choice tasks. At visit 2, participants complete TD, food demand, and food choice tasks and surveys. Participants complete a daily food frequency questionnaire between visits 1 and 2. Analyses will compare primary outcome measures at baseline, postintervention, and at follow-up across treatment arms. Results: Funding notification was received on April 27, 2017, and the protocol was approved by the institutional review board on October 6, 2017. Feasibility testing of the protocol was conducted from February 21, 2018, to April 18, 2018, among the first 32 participants. As no major protocol changes were required at the end of the feasibility phase, these 32 participants were included JMIR Res Protoc 2019 | vol. 8 | iss. 3 | e12265 | p.1 https://www.researchprotocols.org/2019/3/e12265/ (page number not for citation purposes) Levens et al JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS


In recent years, although rail transport has contributed significantly to the productivity of the Chinese economy, it has also been faced with the fierce competition and challenge from other modes of transportation, and therefore, freight-pricing issue has received more attention by researchers. In this paper, the rail freight option (RFO) based on option theory is proposed to study the optimal pricing decision of the railway transportation enterprise and contract customers' optimal purchase decisions. To obtain an effective RFO contract, the railway freight contract transaction process is first analyzed. Then, the theoretical framework for the RFO contract trading is put forward in the railway freight market. Next, a two-stage Stackelberg game theoretic approach is presented based on the principle of utility maximization to achieve the optimal decision of RFO contract. Subsequently, the reverse reasoning method in dynamic programming is used to solve the optimal combination decision of the contract customer. Finally, the optimal pricing decision of RFO is discussed using Kuhn–Tucker conditions and Lagrangian function. The result shows that the railway transportation enterprise should pay more attention to the option strike price in terms of maximizing system utility and achieving Pareto optimal.


Objective: To explore the necessary conditions and rules of amblyopia in children with hyperopia. Methods: After optometry, occlusion therapy, and application of the family amblyopia treatment device, the rules should be: 1) Both eyes with near-eye vision ≥ 1.0 for more than half a year, 2) normal or strabismic amblyopia after cure, residual strabismus < 5 ̊, 3) hyperopic diopter ≤ +1.00 DS, 4) hyperopic astigmatism ≤ +0.50 DC, totally four indicators [1]. Results: 324 cases of 577 eyes were off glasses. 1) The relationship between the age of newly diagnosed and the off-the-glasses: 161 cases of 49.69% of the eyes of the patients at the initial diagnosis, 49.69% of the eyes and 129 cases of the 7 12 years old were off glasses (P < 0.05). 2) The relationship between refractive type and devitrification at the time of initial diagnosis: 384 eyes with simple hyperopia (66.6%) at the time of initial diagnosis, all of which were higher than 61 eyes (10.6%) with simple hyperopic astigmatism and refractory hyperopic astigmatism 132 eyes (Only 22.8%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Children with hyperopia in hyperopicopia can be treated with eyeglasses. The regularity is that the initial diagnosis age is 2.5 12 years old, and the rate of simple hyperopic amblyopia is high.


A mathematics model of 35 kV short distance power transmission line was developed and a multiple modules coupling model of this power transmission system fit for digital real-time simulation was presented on the basis of the known model of synchronous machine and composite load .The digital integration method was also given .The results of a digital example simulation running on pentium II333 showed that the presented model and the given digital integration method were correct and could be realized in real-time .


An order-of-magnitude improvement diamond turning accuracy can be achieved by interferometrically characterizing a workpiece's surface form error, and then applying a shallow trim cut with optical profilometry incorporated in the mechanical servo loop to accurately control and correct the cutting depth.


Praise be to Allah and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet, Muhammad, his family and all of his companions, This research addresses the issue of judge's preaching to the litigants and witnesses; it is a very significant issue since the judge cannot know the insides and facts, but it issues judgments based on the hearings. Since people are originally wrong-doing and ignorant, they, therefore, commit injustice, oppression, false adversarial, and false testimony. However, some people can possibly retreat and return to the right, after being inattentive or recalcitrant, by preaching. This fact led scholars to talk about the judge's preaching to litigant and witnesses and this research is conducted to reflect on this issue, its ruling, its legitimacy and its methodology. The research, as well, clarifies the circumstances which scholars define for judge's preaching to litigants and witnesses, beside other issues. The adopted approach in the research and study is the inductive approach for collecting the scientific materials and then the deductive approach for selecting the appropriate sayings and evidences and the related discussion, objections and balancing and weighting between such sayings. The research either addresses the practical application of the subject, both in the past and the present.


[Objective] To reveal correlation degree of tobacco internal and external quality,shorten tobacco leaf quality evaluation indexes. [Method]The relationships of physical property and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Qujing were investigated by using descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis. [Result]The result indicated that: The two kinds of quality evaluating indices of fluecured tobacco leaves showed significant canonical correlations; Relationship between physical properties and chemical composition was significant. Physical property such as foliage density,equilibrium moisture,stem ratio and fill valu,chemical components such as reducing sugar, total N,nicotine and Cl-played important roles between two quality groups relationship. In summary,the integrate analysis showed that quality evaluation work of faint scent flue-cured tobacco in Qujing can be simplified by utilizing canonical correlation analysis. [Conclusion]The study can provide theoretical guidance for production of flavor flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan Province.


This article describes the different levels of trauma center designation in the United States and focuses on the pediatric trauma centers in the state of Colorado. These urban centers serve a large geographic area that is characterized by rugged mountains, wide open plains and rapidly changing weather patterns. Critical care ground and aeromedical transport are utilized for severely injured children and the quality of care, from initial management in the feld until discharge from the hospital, is critically evaluated by a robust trauma performance improvement (PI) program. The PI program uses audit flters, data analytics and bench-marking to continuously evaluate the network of care to optimize outcomes.


The present invention relates to a production method for improving the 16 ~ 20% chromium by ridging property of ferritic stainless steel containing (Cr). The invention percent, C 0.05% or less, Ti 0.7% or less, Si 1.0% or less, Mn 1.0% or less, P 0.04% or less, S 0.03% or less, Cr 16.0 ~ 20%, Ni 0.5% or less, Mo 1.0 wt. to% or less, N 0.05% or less, Cu 1.0% or less, Al 0.15% or less, the balance Fe and other conventional rolling reduction over a path more than once 40% of the rough rolling step to hot rolling a stainless steel slab consisting of impurities and, to ensure the reduction rate over the more than 30% passing 3 times from the spirit rolling, the shape factor (l / d) of ferrite with excellent ridging characteristics that is characterized in that the value is 3.5 or more paths are at least four times that type of stainless steel It provides a process for producing the same. Ferrite, stainless steel, ridging, reduction ratio, the shape factor


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Concerns about the potential allergenicity of collagen proteins remaining after beverage fining have necessitated development of methods to detect collagen in beer at very low concentrations. We have developed a semi-quantitative SDS-PAGE/densitometer method suitable for use in brewer's laboratories, for detection of residual native collagen at levels as low as 0.03 ppm (depending on the beer). The method is based on the fibril-forming properties of collagen molecules at elevated ionic strength. It will not detect denatured collagens so cannot be used on pasteurised beers. For a quantitative reference that compensates for significant differences in beer composition, and the different fining agents, a known amount of the acid-soluble fraction of the fining agent is added to the test beer to set limits of detection for the test. Densitometer results from the SDS-PAGE gels can vary with sample volume, depending on background interference but this can be reduced by careful selection of gel loading volumes. Fining out of the added collagen occurs in some beers, so less collagen is detected in the reference samples than expected. However, as long as densitometer readings for the sample are below those of the spiked reference, then collagen levels can be declared with confidence as being less than those of the reference.


Abstract Objective Verbal fluency tests are sensitive to various disorders affecting the central nervous system and are commonly included in neuropsychological evaluations. We aimed to develop normative data for two verbal fluency tests in a sample of native Spanish-speakers living in the US-Mexico border region. Method Participants included 254 adults from the Neuropsychological Norms for the US-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project (Age: range = 19–60; Education: range = 0–20, 59% female). Participants completed two verbal fluency tests (i.e., letter [PMR] and semantic/category fluency [Animal Naming]) as part of a larger neuropsychological test battery. We examined linear and nonlinear effects of demographic factors (age, education, and gender) on verbal fluency raw scores, and developed T-scores using fractional polynomial equations controlling for demographics. We also calculated the rates of "impairment" (T-scores < 40) that would be obtained by applying the newly developed norms and available norms for non-Hispanic English-speakers on comparable tests. Results There were positive small effects of age and medium effects of education on verbal fluency raw scores. The normalized distribution of T-scores with the new norms showed expected psychometric properties. However, rates of impairment for both letter and semantic fluency were significantly higher when applying non-Hispanic White norms, and significantly lower when applying non-Hispanic Black norms. Conclusions We provide norms for Spanish-speakers living along the US-Mexico border region for two verbal fluency tests that are co-normed with a more extensive neuropsychological battery. These regional norms will improve interpretation of verbal fluency test performance in Spanish-speakers living in the US-Mexico borderland.


The winding insulation of low-voltage induction motors in adjustable-speed drive system with voltage-fed inverters is substantially stressed due to the uneven voltage distribution and excessive voltage stress (dv/dt), which result in the premature insulation breakdown. This paper describes test results of the insulation characteristics from 20 HP, 380 V induction motors for inverter applications. Five different types of insulation techniques are applied to 19 induction motors. The insulation characteristics are compared to partial discharge, capacitance, AC current, and dissipation factor tests. Also, the insulation breakdown tests by high voltage pulses are performed, and the corresponding breakdown voltages are obtained.


Many of the technical issues associated HVDC compaction differ from those involved for HVAC lines. Furthermore the very high MW ratings achievable with HVDC lines and the prospect of their forming "supergrids" overlying existing HVAC systems, make it even more important that new rights-of-way be found for their construction. For either HVAC or HVDC, compaction facilitates construction of new transmission lines both by gaining public acceptance through use of aesthetic pylons and by allowing their construction on narrower rights-of-way.


Meta-embedding (ME) learning is an emerging approach that attempts to learn more accurate word embeddings given existing (source) word embeddings as the sole input.

 Due to their ability to incorporate semantics from multiple source embeddings in a compact manner with superior performance, ME learning has gained popularity among practitioners in NLP.

 To the best of our knowledge, there exist no prior systematic survey on ME learning and this paper

 attempts to fill this need.

 We classify ME learning methods according to multiple factors such as whether they

 (a) operate on static or contextualised embeddings, (b) trained in an unsupervised manner or (c) fine-tuned for a particular task/domain.

 Moreover, we discuss the limitations of existing ME learning methods and highlight potential future research directions.


1. Groff AC, Colla CH, Lee TH. Days spent at home a patientcentered goal and outcome. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(17):1610-1612. 2. Ankuda CK, Grabowski DC. Is every day at home a good day? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(9):2481-2483. 3. Shen E, Rozema EJ, Haupt EC, et al. Assessing the concurrent validity of days alive and at home metric. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(9):2630-2637. 4. Lee H, Shi SM, Kim DH. Home time as a patient-centered outcome in administrative claims data. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019; 67(2):347-351. 5. Bulls HW, Chang PH, Brownstein NC, et al. Patient-reported symptom burden in routine oncology care: examining racial and ethnic disparities. Cancer Rep (Hoboken, NJ). 2022;5(3):e1478. 6. Rozema E, Haupt E, Mariano J, Nguyen HQ, HomePal Research G. Symptom burden is lower in Asian and Pacific islander and black men admitted to home-based palliative Care in an Integrated Health Care System. J Palliat Med. 2022;25(10): 1551-1556. 7. Nguyen HQ, McMullen C, Haupt EC, et al. Findings and lessons learnt from early termination of a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of video consultations in home-based palliative care. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020;12(e3):e432-e440. 8. Messer LC, Laraia BA, Kaufman JS, et al. The development of a standardized neighborhood deprivation index. J Urban Health. 2006;83(6):1041-1062. 9. Freed SS, Kaufman BG, Van Houtven CH, Saunders R. Using a home time measure to differentiate ACO performance for seriously ill populations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(9):2666-2676.


This paper presents an electrical power source with arbitrary harmonics generating for power quality measurement devices in calibration. Harmonics generating theory illustrate the design challenge should be generating groups of accurate sinusoidal signals with different amplitudes, frequencies and initial phases simultaneously. We discuss various approaches for digital sinusoid generating, and decide to use the CORDIC algorithm implemented on an FPGA. The hardware implementation including the block diagram and the system structure is given. It is demonstrated that the number of points per circle barely affect the accuracy when it is more than 2000. A fundamental with distortion on all harmonics up to the 50th order is generated. The experimental results show the amplitude accuracy and phase accuracy of all the channels achieve the design target. We also give and discuss the longtime drift of voltage and power accuracy.


A method for rapid determination of diethylene glycol in toothpastes by GC-MS was established.Toothpastes were extracted by chloroform and analyzed by GC-MS under selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode.In this method,the linear range of diethylene glycol was from 21.24 to 1062 mg/L with a correlative coefficient(r) of 0.9995;the limit of detection(LOD) and limit of quantitation(LOQ) were 2.0 and 5.0 mg/L,respectively;the average recoveries of high,middle,and low concentrations ranged from 88.51% to 101.6%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD) were between 1.6% and 8.1%;meanwhile,the responses for diethylene glycol were stable in 24 h.


Very high purity quartz for advanced high-tech applications is currently sourced from just a few locations around the world. Such is the expected growth in demand that more sources are required to be found. For successful high purity raw quartz resource identification detailed analysis and appropriate process technology selection is essential. This article reviews general aspects of high purity quartz deposits, exploration requirements, quality evaluation of raw quartz, and provides basic insight into the different specifications and market developments of the hightech end-user industries reliant on very high purity refined quartz products.


ABSTRACT Crudefusicoccin bindingproteinsandapar-tially purified plasma membrane H+-transporting ATPase(EC 184.108.40.206), both solubilized from maize tissues, weresimultaneously inserted into liposomes by the freeze-thawmethod.ATP-drivenintravesicular acidificationintheproteo-liposomes, measuredbythefluorescence quenchingofthedye 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine, markedly increasedupon addition offusicoccin to the reconstituted system. Thiseffect could not be observed when binding sites and ATPasepreparations were separately reconstituted into the proteoli-posomes, thus demonstrating that fusicoccin binding to itsreceptor is a prerequisite for ATPasestimulation. Fusicoccin (FC) (1, 2) is a fungal metabolite that affects several physiological processes normallycontrolled by plant hormones. Stomatal movement, cell enlargement ofvarioustissues, andgermination ofdormantseeds are stimulated byconcentrations as low as 1-10 ,uM ina largenumberofhigherplants (3). These effects are tissue-nonspecific,


Damona Doye is a Regents Professor, Sarkeys Distinguished Professor, and Extension Economist in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Oklahoma State University (OSU). She is currently serving as Acting Department Head. Dr. Doye earned BS and MS degrees in Agricultural Economics from OSU in 1980 and 1981, respectively. After earning a PhD in Agricultural Economics from Iowa State University in 1986, she began her career at OSU. She has devoted her career to serving Oklahoma farmers and ranchers through programs designed to increase the overall management capacity and skill set of those involved in production agriculture. Damona is also a regional and national leader in the agricultural economics profession because of her strong commitment to service coupled with her national reputation for program excellence.


This kind of rear axle has allowed us to obtain on the PSA/FIAT monospace minivan, a very high level of behaviour, allowing this minivan to have the same drivability as a conventional car. Furthermore, the ambitious targets in terms of price and weight were reached thanks to the very simple design of this rear axle


One of the hallmarks of anti-capitalist social movements in Latin America is the incorporation of self-organizing processes of political education and involvement in the educational process of their children and youth. This article discusses popular education and critical pedagogy upheld by historical and contemporary Brazilian social movements, particularly the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and its historical struggles in defence of public education. First, it identifies the context of the origins of popular education in the late 1950s and early 1960s, notably Paulo Freire's epistemological and theoretical contributions. After characterizing the political context of the period, the article focuses on the key experiences of popular education. It then discusses Florestan Fernandes' criticism of the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution strategy that played a leading role in the struggles of the period 1955–1964. Next the period of pedagogical practices that were forged in resistance to the dictatorship are examined, emphasizing the changes in Freire's thinking and the revolutionary political struggle of the MST. Finally, it points out the educational and political training issues of today, discussing strategic dilemmas and proposal of critical pedagogy and popular education.


Malaria parasites use an extensive secretory pathway to export a number of proteins to remodel the host cells. It is involved in trafficking many proteins crucial for the parasite's survival. Despi...


The linear and nonlinear optical properties of ferroelectrics AgBO3 (B=Ta, Nb) are studied by density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation (LDA) expressions based on first principle calculations without the scissor approximation. Specially, we present calculations of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric function ε(ω), and the second harmonic generation response coefficient χ(2)(-2ω,ω,ω) over a large frequency range in rhombohedral phase for the first time. The electronic linear electrooptic susceptibility χ(2)(-ω,ω,0) is also evaluated below the band gap. These results are based on a series of the LDA calculation using DFT.


Reading mass data in oceanographic survey in traditional way of file reading needs continuous data interchange,which induces very low efficiency and a large amount of memory occupation.To meet the needs of mass oceanographic survey data processing,an application program implementation technique based on the memory-mapping file is presented for mass oceanographic surveying data.The software proved to be stable and efficient for processing of mass oceanographic surveying data.


Three exhaustive and exclusive combinations of parental loci can be found in X X Y Klinefelter males. If we define the genotypes at some locus on the sex chromosomes of the father as X P Y and of the mother as XMXN where N means that the second locus is not a duplication of the first then the three possible combinations of alleles carried are of the types X M X p Y , XMXN Y and X M X M Y . (We use the symbol X M X M Y to include also X N X N Y , which is effectively the same.) The probability of occurrence of these three types will be called a, b and c respectively, so that a + b + c = 1. The values of a , b, c depend on the locus studied. We consider here a recessive-dominant pair of alleles, with respective frequencies q and p . We can then find maximum-likelihood estimates of a, b, c (evaluates of a , b, c in A. W. F. Edwards' (1972) terminology) by using J. H. Edwards' modification (1971) of Fraser's method of maximum likelihood (1963, 1966) . If Ri and Di are the observed numbers of recessive and dominant propositi in the parental mating type i, and is the expected proportion of recessive phenotypes, as defined in Table 1, then the likelihood function is


The extraction and quantification of Meloidogyne specimens from roots is important for determining the nematode reproduction factor in cultivated systems. Many methods have been proposed for extracting Meloidogyne specimens from roots, but none of them extracts all life stages in only one processing. This paper reports the use of liquedizer technique for extraction and quantification of Meloidogyne spp. stages from roots of two tomato cultivars, using a single procedure. Roots of'Rutgers' infected with M. incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. petuniae from greenhouse, and of'TSW-10' infected with M. brasiliensis from field, were processed by using the blender technique at low speed (± 1.000 rpm) with sodium hypochlorite 0.5% for times of 10,20, 30, and 40 seconds. Blending the roots for 30 seconds extracted most entire specimens of all life stages, compared to procedures of 10,20, and 40 seconds. The total number of specimens extracted at times of 10,20, and 40 seconds was 71.6, 51.2 and 3.3% lower, respectively, in relation to procedure of 30 seconds.


Throughout the past years, increased scholarly attention has been paid towards both strategic alliance dynamics and termination of inter-firm collaborations, supplementing our already substantial knowledge on alliance formation issues. It is only recently, however, that research has begun to depart from a failure-driven perspective to explain alliance dissolution, to also incorporate exogenous changes such as the availability of outside options. We complement this emergent stream of literature by experimentally investigating how characteristics of existing as well as alternative alliance partners induce decision makers to conduct a 'partner switch', i.e. to substitute an established alliance by forming a new relationship with an outside partner that provides higher net benefit. Our results provide support for the impact of outside options on alliance instability. Specifically, we found that partner characteristics pertaining to the alliance's value creation potential (resource complementarity, industry pr...


Steam-assisted gravity drainage has increasingly used as an advanced technology of producing extra-heavy oils.By taking dual horizontal wells as the example,the numerical models are created to study the exploitation effects under different geological parameters,such as net pay thickness,porosity and oil saturation and so on;the affect of geological parameters on SAGD progress is obtained,also the location of wells and injection-production parameters are optimized.Practice shows that the design is rational and the technology of enhancing super heavy oil recovery using dual horizontal SAGD wells is feasible.


The syntheses of novel quinoxalin-2-amine derivatives were conducted in water using CeO2 nanoparticle catalyzed three-component reactions of 1,2-diamines with aldehydes and isocyanides. A variety of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amine derivatives were also synthesized by reactions between 1,2-diamines, ketones and isocyanides. This new method offers an environmentally benign and effective approach for the synthesis of quinoxalin-2-amines and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-amines.


Dimensionality reduction techniques have been widely researched in the literature and applied in a diversity of contexts. Dynamic approaches to specific Principal Components (PC) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) models have been developed to better exploit the properties of time series data. However, the time invariance of the loadings is continuously challenged in macroeconomic frameworks dealing with large sets of variables. In this paper, we test for the significance of this time instability modelled as a structural break and two-state Markov regime switches, and we design extended PC and PLS models that account for such non-constancy of loadings in the factor construction. Our results support existing findings on the presence of time variance and bring evidence of improved forecasting potential, particularly in the short term with Markov regime-switching models and over longer time horizons through the inclusion of a structural break.


The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutics and particularly relates to a chitosan-collagen levofloxacin hydrochloride sustained-release eye drop and a preparation method thereof. The eye drop comprises the following components: 0.1 to 0.5 grams of levofloxacin hydrochloride, 0.6 to 3.0 grams of chitosan, 0.13 to 0.7 grams of collagen and 3 to 17 micrograms of bacteriostat. The preparation method comprises: adding a pH regulator to regulate the pH value to 6.0 to 7.0; adding an osmotic pressure regulator to regulate the osmotic pressure to 270 to 280mOsmol/kg; and diluting with aqueous solution of ethylic acid to 100 milliliters. In the invention, the levofloxacin hydrochloride sustained-release eye drop is prepared by using chitosan and collagen a thickener and synergist, the formula of the preparation is qualified, the preparation process is simple, and the preparation has the advantages of desirable treatment effect, high bioavailability, long treatment action, fewer toxic and side effects, and the like, avoids stimulating eyes and arousing allergy and is the first choice in clinic and daily use.


The prevalence of depression in 80 well‐diagnosed demented patients was examined using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) based on information from patients, caregivers and professionals. The overall prevalence of DSM‐III‐R major depressive illness was 5%, but the identification of depressed patients and the prevalence rate varied with the source of information used. The symptom profiles of the patients were examined in more detail. The significance of these findings and the use of operational diagnostic criteria in the investigation of coexistent depression and dementia are discussed.


In this article I examine how the 'learning' of modern languages (in this case mainly French, though also Russian) is constructed differently as, on one hand, a school subject, and, on the other hand, an integral element of interacting in 'authentic', or naturalistic, settings. Narrative analysis of participants' life stories reveals how the two experiences of learning are constructed differently. Furthermore, I argue that defining authenticity only as communication in naturalistic settings can be simplistic given that authenticity denotes any experience which is motivated as genuine in a given context and valued for its own sake, including in the classroom. In the accounts discussed here, school learning is constructed as a pedagogic process dependent on being good at languages and having a good teacher whereas engaging in authentic settings is narrated as part of a wider life project of becoming cosmopolitan. The way the experience of language learning is reproduced through discourse has important implications on many levels: such an approach extends our understanding of the learning / acquisition distinction beyond blunt Krashenian terms to see that contexts of language learning are not static backdrops but are social networks which individuals reconfigure to make their own meaning. Individuals' personal reflections on learning are shaped through narrative resources, and these can inform and enrich the types of intercultural work which encourage personal investment through links with others (such as peer correspondents) and discussion of cultural representations.


The article proves that the success of a scientific article is not only ensured by high-quality material, properly and logically structured according to the requirements of scientific publications and standards of scientific writing, but also by a well-chosen title, which has pragmatic potential. The article considers the experience of Ukrainian linguists, who studied a title in the structural, semantic and stylistic, pragmatic perspectives on the material of English and German-language scientific articles. It was found that the pragmatic potential of Ukrainian-language titles of scientific publications requires careful and comprehensive study. 162 titles of scientific articles published in the professional journal "Effective Economics" were analyzed. It was identified that the authors' intensions to update the theoretical aspects of the study of scientific phenomena are few, but the desire to focus the attention of recipients on the ways of applying theoretical knowledge in order to solve practical problems in various branches of the economy is evident. The authors use pragmatic markers of the modern approaches, tools, strategies, assessment, opportunities, perspectives, improvement, effectiveness, optimization to focus on significant aspects of the problem, on specific ways and means of its solution, on the prospects of further science problem research. The research results showed that the authors of scientific publications implement different pragmatic intentions depending on the object, subject, research material as well as the theme of scientific publications.


This research article introduces AIOptimizer, a prototype for a software performance optimisation tool based on cost reduction. AIOptimizer uses a recommendation system driven by reinforcement learning to improve software system efficiency and affordability. The paper highlights AIOptimizer's design factors, such as accuracy, adaptability, scalability, and user-friendliness. To provide effective and user-centric performance optimisation solutions, it emphasises the use of a modular design, data gathering techniques, continuous learning, and resilient integration. The article also investigates AIOptimizer features such as fault identification, cost optimisation recommendations, efficiency prediction, and cooperation. Furthermore, it explores several software development life cycle models and introduces AIOptimizer uses a reinforcement learning-based recommendation engine for cost optimisation. The purpose of this research study is to highlight AIOptimizer as a prototype that uses advanced optimisation techniques and smart recommendation systems to continually enhance software performance and save expenses. The research focuses on various software development life cycle models, such as the Waterfall model, Iterative model, Spiral model, V-Model, Big Bang model and Agile Model. Each model has advantages and disadvantages, and their usefulness is determined by the project's specifications and characteristics. The AIOptimizer tool is a theoretical prototype for such software performance optimizers.


1. In a previous paper' one of the authors (Pike) presented theory and technique for handling morphological fusion of extraordinary complexity in a language of New Guinea. He hoped that the approach would also illuminate some of the perplexing2 morphological data which had been published concerning various Algonquian languages of North America. He asked Barbara Erickson, a colleague of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, to try to draw from Hockett's Potawatomi data3 material for


Healthcare professionals often face complex ethical dilemmas in the workplace. Some professionals confront the ethical issues directly while others turn away. Moral courage helps individuals to address ethical issues and take action when doing the right thing is not easy. In this article the author defines moral courage, describes ongoing discussions related to moral courage, explains how to recognize moral courage, and offers strategies for developing and demonstrating moral courage when faced with ethical challenges


ObjectivesTo determine whether acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is associated with damage to the alveolocapillary barrier, as evidenced by increased leakage of surfactant specific proteins into the circulation, to document the duration of alveolocapillary barrier damage in this setting, and to explore the role of pulmonary parenchymal inflammation by determining if circulating tumor necrosis factor-&agr; is increased after acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. DesignProspective, observational study. SettingCritical care, cardiac intensive care, and cardiology wards of a tertiary-care university teaching hospital. PatientsA total of 28 patients presenting with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and 13 age-matched normal volunteers. InterventionsCirculating surfactant protein-A and -B and tumor necrosis factor-&agr; were measured on days 0 (presentation), 1, 3, 7, and 14. Clinical markers of pulmonary edema were documented at the same times. Measurements and Main ResultsSurfactant protein-A and -B were elevated on day 0 compared with controls (367 ± 17 ng/mL vs. 303 ± 17 and 3821 ± 266 ng/mL vs. 2747 ± 157 [mean ± sem], p < .05), and although clinical, hemodynamic and radiographic variables improved rapidly (p < .001), surfactant protein-A and -B rose further until day 3 (437 ± 22, p < .001, 4642 ± 353, p < .01). Tumor necrosis factor-&agr; was elevated at presentation (p < .05), doubled by day 1 (6.98 ± 1.36 pg/mL, p < .05), remained elevated on day 3 (5.72 ± 0.96 pg/mL, p < .05), and peak levels were related to chest radiograph extravascular lung water score (rp = 0.64, p = .003). ConclusionsAlthough the initial increase in plasma surfactant protein-A and -B may represent hydrostatic stress failure of the alveolocapillary barrier, the prolonged elevation, when hemodynamic abnormalities have resolved, and the delayed elevation of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; are consistent with pulmonary parenchymal inflammation, which may further damage the alveolocapillary barrier. This prolonged physiologic defect at the alveolocapillary barrier after acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema may partly account for the vulnerability of these patients to recurrent pulmonary fluid accumulation.


By using migration,virtual machines which located in different place can be consolidated.Then vain physical machines can be shutdown or hibernated in order to save power.Existing methods merely focus on migration cost or application-aware communication cost.Combined these two factors a virtual machines migration method is proposed based on migration cost and communication cost for power saving.It is shown that this method can efficiently save power in cloud and decrease communication cost.


Transport infrastructure modernizing and extension according to land use and sustainable development requirements still represents a challenging issue among policy makers, regional/local communities and scientists. The reliability and vulnerability are discussed in a complementary way, outlining the specific features of each one. Reliability is described under connectivity, travel time and capacity aspects, whereas vulnerability is analyzed through the consequences of links or nodes failure, irrespective of the probability of failure, and mainly through changes of Hansen index of accessibility and users total cost. The case study investigates the Romanian rail/road network vulnerability related to Danube crossing and its mitigation by improving network topology.


ABSTRACT There have been several articles recently advocating that religious organizations attempt to utilize proven marketing techniques that have obviously been so successful in both profit and non-profit firms. In spite of various obstacles preventing religious organizations from adopting marketing techniques and strategies, many have successfully become more marketing-oriented. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the likely benefits of a religious organization that attempts to become more marketing-oriented.


In recent years, the recovery of valuable resources from industrial waste is attracting our
concern as they can minimize the problem of pollution and can reutilize resources. Therefore, this
study aims to analyze the properties of powder concentrate from iron- and steelmaking slag
recycling, to understand the manipulation of the magnetic separator which is effective in the slag
recycling, to figure out the amount of iron recovered and thus to find out optimal application
field at each particle size. The conclusion of this experiment is as follows.
1. By different magnetic separation slag with different condition (3000~6000G, No. of separation(1~3)), raw
material for friction like lining was recovered and tested. It was proper that iron and steel
component can be used for optimal size and mechanical property.
2. Raw materials from nonmagnetic slag dust can be used for the dissociation of dioxine from
incineration ash for cement.


PVC based membranes of a double armed crown ether, N, N'-dibenzyl, 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7, 16-diaza cyclooctadecane (I) as ionophore with sodium tetra phenyl borate (NaTPB) as anion excluder and with many plasticizing solvent mediators have been prepared and used for Hg(II) ion determination. The membrane with DBBP (dibutyl butyl phosphonate ) as plasticizer with various ingredients in the ratio PVC: I: NaTPB: DBBP (150: 12: 2: 100) shows the best results in terms of working concentration range (3.1x10-5-1.0x10-tM) with a Nernstian slope (29.0′0.5 mV/decade of activity). The electrode works in the pH range 2.1-4.5. The response time of the sensor is 15s and it can be used for about 4 months in aqueous as well as in non-aqueous medium. It has good stability and reproducibility. The potentiometric selectivity coefficient values for mono-, di-, and trivalent cations are tabulated. The sensor is highly selective for Hg2+ in the presence of normal interferents like cadmium, silver, sodium and iron.


Most of the descending colon and sigmoid colon were located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. However, a small number of people due to abnormal development of the descending colon and sigmoid colon were located on the right side of the abdominal cavity. In this case, patients with ectopic descending colon and sigmoid colon were treated by radical resection of rectal cancer with rectal cancer. During surgery, the patient underwent a right sigmoid colostomy.

Key words:
Rectal neoplasms; Descending colon; Sigmiod colon; Sigmoid colostomy


It has been taken for granted that objects in the Multiple Accusative Case Construction are licensed by the same head in the same case licensing domain. This paper provides evidence that the initial object may be generated in a totally different position than the second object, way high in the sentence above VP where normal objects cannot be licensed. Evidence comes from certain interesting case alternation patterns found in the Siphta Construction when it has two objects, a situation that has somehow gone completely undicussed in the literature. The evidence leads to the proposition that the initial accusative is base-generated in position above matrix VP, in which there is simply no accusative licensing head available and thus its case cannot be accounted for within the standard theory of case. This study discusses theoretical consequences of this state of affairs in detail and offers a solution.


We have investigated wave propagation in chaotic structures of fractal geometry with random spatial variation. Specifically, we have examined simple closed-form solutions in fractal poroelastic media. These solutions may be characterized by their frequency-power-law (FPL) signature caused by wave dispersion and attenuation. Numerical results show that the fractal dimension can be estimated from the FPL dependence of the scattered wavefield. It appears that finite-bandwidth signals are delayed with respect to the wavefront in comparable elastic media.


Laboratory and field tests have proven that magnetostrictive fiber-optic interferometric sensors can detect small low-frequency disturbances of the earth magnetic field. With proper sensor design, the thermal noise limitation does not rise above the interferometer baseband noise of around 0.3 (mu) rad/(root)Hz. But a 1/f type noise limits the sensor's performance at frequencies below 1 Hz. This paper shows a new technique to study the origins of the dominant 1/f noise, that discriminates the transducer self-noise from the various sources of low frequency noise.


Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas. Environmental CO is most commonly generated by incomplete carbon combustion from such sources as faulty furnaces, automobile engines, and fires. Hemoglobin has a 250-fold greater affinity for CO than for oxygen accounting for the ≈50 000 cases of CO poisoning in the United States each year.1 However, in normal physiology, CO is a gasotransmitter, produced endogenously as a byproduct of heme catabolism via the activity of HO (heme oxygenase).2 The biological benefits of low endogenous or low amounts of exogenous CO include cytoprotection, inflammation, and regulation of cell metabolism,3 as well as an intriguing antiplatelet effect.4 Platelets—the key cellular modulators of thrombosis and hemostasis—lack a nucleus but contain fully functional mitochondria.5 Platelet mitochondria regulate the prothrombotic function of platelets through not only ATP generation but also via redox signaling and the initiation of apoptosis. Tricarbonylchloro(glycinato) ruthenium(II) (CORM [CO-releasing molecule]-3) and sodium boranocarbonate (CORM-A1) are the most wellknown CORMs, which have been shown to simulate the bioactivities of gaseous CO.6 In the study published in this issue, Kaczara et al elegantly demonstrate, using Seahorse XFe technology and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry metabolomics, that ex vivo treatment of human platelets with CORM-A1 inhibits platelet aggregation through concomitant inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, as well as glycolysis (Figure).7 Consistent with other cell types,8 the authors show that in platelets, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by CO is via the cytochrome C oxidase. The crystal structure of CO-bound cytochrome C oxidase was recently solved.9 Kaczara et al also identified the depletion of NAD+, leading to inhibition of glycolysis (at the level of NAD+-dependent GAPDH) by CORM-A1 released CO.7 Interestingly, the NAD+ depletion was found to be not a result of redox reaction. Instead, the nonredox consumption of NAD+ has been proposed; however, the mechanism remains unclear. The glycolysis pathway has previously been shown to be critical for platelet aggregation response and even compensates for synthetic inhibition of mitochondrial respiration after platelet stimulation.10 This negative effect on glycolysis, together with inhibition of mitochondria respiration, was shown to ultimately reduce ATP production and thus platelet aggregation in response to thrombin and collagen. The authors demonstrate, using selective inhibitors, that combined inhibition of both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration by CORM-A1–released CO is required for platelet aggregation inhibition.


In the given paper introduce the new compression method for digital map images using fusion of memorability interoperability compressions technique and DWT. In that introduce a storage system for the digital map images, which support compact storage size, decompression of partial image and smooth transition of the image. In this compare the proposed scheme with other scheme. Upgrade the image quality of map images which help to communicate for the later. The system is capable of improving the overall performance of the system under test. DBHT (DWT based hybrid technique) form a high compression ratio and PSNR value which improve the excellence of image.


Over the past two decades, there have been numerous defensive operations to disrupt malicious cyber activity by hacktivists, criminals, and nation-state actors. Disruption operations seek to affect the adversary's decision-making processes and impose additional costs. Such operations include a wide range of actions, from releasing indicators of compromise and naming-and-shaming, to botnet and infrastructure takedowns, to indictments and sanctions, and may be conducted outside of the defender's own network with the intent to interrupt adversary cyber offense and espionage. The United States Department of Defense recently released a new strategy that calls for "persistent engagement" with malicious cyber actors, suggesting many more disruption operations to come.In this paper, we describe a framework for categorizing disruption operations and their effects – along with detailed descriptions for several of these case studies coded to the framework – so that researchers and practitioners can measure their impact using a common terminology. We also provide a unique dataset of over 100 cases of defensive operational disruption over the last 30 years, from 1987 through 2019.We believe that providing a more complete vocabulary for disruptive operations will give analysts and researchers a better opportunity to compare the different types and effects of various disruption operations. Ideally, this will then provide defenders with the information they need to conduct disruption operations at greatest scale, least cost, and with the lowest chance of escalation.


Hrotsvitha von Gandersheim, a German nun who lived at the end of the tenth century, wrote six plays explicitly saying that she was trying to imitate the style of the Roman playwright Terence who lived during the II nd century B.C. Language evolved dramatically during the twelve centuries that separate the lives of the two writers. In fact, a variety of descendant languages was sprouting up all over Europe as a consequence of the process of fragmentation of the mother tongue into the Romance languages that was already well on its way by 476 A.D. One of the biggest changes undergone by the language during this process is the restriction of word order which during the Latin era seems to have enjoyed a great degree of freedom but with the time became more restricted in its possibilities. By the end of the VIII th century, the declension system had collapsed into only two cases (Nominative and Accusative) doubtlessly playing a role in restricting the word order freedom. In this thesis, I concentrate on Hrotsvitha's Callimachus and on Terence's Andria to explore and compare thoroughly the word order of some elements of the sentence, mainly the possessive adjective-head noun relationship, the ut - verb relationship in subordinated clauses, and the patterns used with the infinitives. I take into account the structure of the Romance languages to underline the direction the language was taking and to draw my conclusions. To complete my study I focus on the general organization of plays, the colloquialisms and the adverbial expressions (which are much reduced in Hrotsvitha's Callimachus ), as a sign of the restrictions that confronted the writers of Medieval Latin when they attempted to imitate the street language of Archaic and Classical times.


The major determinant of career aspiration, self-confidence plays a major role in developing career orientations among higher secondary students. The present descriptive survey research conducted on 50 higher secondary students (25 male and 25 female) studying in CGBSE affiliated government school, is intended to explore the relationship between career aspiration and self-confidence among higher secondary students. After analysis and interpretation of data using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques, it was found that majority of the students have low levels of career aspirations and average level of self-confidence. Significant correlation was found between career aspirations and self-confidence of higher secondary students. Career aspiration of female students were higher than the male while male students were having higher self-confidence than the female. The findings of the study indicate the need for develop career aspirations and enhancing self-confidence among higher secondary students by providing conductive atmosphere for learning, setting realistic and challenging goals, etc. It is also recommended that career guidance programs should be organized systematically in institutions to augment the career aspiration of higher secondary students.


Objectives To investigate the factors influencing primary tooth survival after pulpectomy and to elucidate age-related morphological changes in the root canal of primary molars. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 592 primary anterior teeth and 583 primary molars after pulpectomy. Survival analysis was performed to determine the predictors of pulpectomy failure. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of the maxillary first primary teeth from 63 children aged 3–8 years were collected, and Spearman's correlation and binary logistic regression were performed to assess age-related changes in canal morphology. Results Periapical periodontitis, Vitapex® filling, and non-general anesthesia treatment increased the failure risk of anterior primary teeth pulpectomy. Older age at treatment increased the primary molar pulpectomy failure risk. On CBCT analysis, the ratio of canal length to root length for the mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB), and palatal (P) roots negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). The ratio between the root canal wall area with inner diameter lesser than 0.15 mm and the whole root canal wall area (R.15) at plane D of the MB canals positively correlated with age (P<0.05). The number of discontinuous canals (Ndis) for the MB and DB roots increased with age and the canal area at plane D for MB and P canals negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). Conclusions Older age at treatment for primary molar pulpectomy and periapical lesions, non-general anesthesia treatment, and Vitapex® filling for anterior primary teeth pulpectomy may predict a higher failure risk. Age-related morphological changes in the primary molar root canal were evident and could be a reason for treatment failure.


This chapter considers one of the aspects of Roman antiquity and especially to come to terms with some of the obstacles faced in fully understanding the nature of free expression in ancient Rome. The discussion includes the attendant "suppression" of libertas and difficulties presented by notion of "censorship". The chapter includes surveys of some of the general problems that arise in sources and that render problematic our understanding of this phenomenon. It is structured around different types of expression that the sources indicate had varying degrees of limitations imposed upon them. The first is the ability of members of elite to speak within senate or in a related political context. The second is the written productions of senatorial elite, specifically history and biography. It then examines derision and abuse and discusses the cultural and political dynamics that limited such expression between and among various social groups and within various contexts. Keywords: censorship; free expression; libertas ; political dynamics; Roman antiquity; senatorial elite; social groups


............................................................................................................................. ii Publications during candidature ...................................................................................... v Publications included in this thesis ............................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... xvii List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................... xxxii Chapter


This thesis is divided into two parts.The first part is focused on cancer. The second part deals with chemotherapy, especially with alkylating agents.The most alkylating agents are complex compounds of platinum( cisplatin,carboplatin, oxaliplatin).


This paper presents the current status of ASPIICS, a solar coronagraph that is the primary payload of ESA's formation flying in-orbit demonstration mission PROBA-3. The "sonic region" of the Sun corona remains extremely difficult to observe with spatial resolution and sensitivity sufficient to understand the fine scale phenomena that govern the quiescent solar corona, as well as phenomena that lead to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which influence space weather. Improvement on this front requires eclipse-like conditions over long observation times. The space-borne coronagraphs flown so far provided a continuous coverage of the external parts of the corona but their over-occulting system did not permit to analyse the part of the white-light corona where the main coronal mass is concentrated. The PROBA-3 Coronagraph System, also known as ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun) is designed as a classical externally occulted Lyot coronagraph but it takes advantage of the opportunity to place the external occulter on a companion spacecraft, about 150m apart, to perform high resolution imaging of the inner corona of the Sun as close as ~1.1 solar radii. The images will be tiled and compressed on board in an FPGA before being down-linked to ground for scientific analyses. ASPIICS is built by a large European consortium including about 20 partners from 7 countries under the auspices of the European Space Agency. This paper is reviewing the recent development status of the ASPIICS instrument as it is approaching CDR.


The recommendation services are critical for IoT since they provide interconnection between various devices and services. In order to make Internet searching convenient and useful, algorithms must be developed that overcome the shortcomings of existing online recommendation systems. Therefore, a novel Stein Variational Recommendation System algorithm (SVRS) is proposed, developed, implemented and tested in this paper in order to address the long-standing recommendation problem. With Stein's identity, SVRS is able to calculate the feature vectors of users and ratings it has generated, as well as infer the preference for users who have not rated certain items. It has the advantages of low complexity, scalability, as well as providing insights into the formation of ratings. A set of experimental results revealed that SVRS performed better than other types of recommendation methods in root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE).


Objecive To explore the role of angiogenesis in acute leukemia patient's pathogenesis and prognosis. Methods The samples of bone marrow biopsies from 30 newly diagnosed, untreated acute leukemia patients were tested to study the changes of microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before and after induction chemotherapy with immunohistochemical staining.Results The MVD and the positive rate of VEGF in acute leukemia patients before induction chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in normal donors. After induction chemotherapy, MVD and the positive rate of VEGF in acute leukemia patients who achieved complete remission were greatly reduced, which reached those in normal donors; while MVD and the positive rate of VEGF in acute leukemia patients who did not achieve complete remission were not greatly reduced.Conclusion Angiogenesis exists in the acute leukemia patients' bone marrow and plays an important role in acute leukemia patients' pathogenesis and prognosis.


Abstract Many aquatic species of conservation concern exist at low densities and are inherently difficult to detect or monitor using conventional methods. However, the introduction of environmental (e)DNA has recently transformed our ability to detect these species and enables effective deployment of limited conservation resources. Identifying areas for breeding, as well as the ecological distribution of species, is vital to the survival or recovery of a conservation species (i.e., areas of critical habitat). In many species, spawning events are associated with a higher relative abundance of DNA released within an aquatic system (i.e., gametes, skin cells etc.), making this the ideal time to monitor these species using eDNA techniques. This study aims to examine whether a "snapshot" eDNA sampling approach (i.e., samples taken at fixed points in chronological time) could reveal areas of critical habitat including spawning sites for our target species Petromyzon marinus. We utilized a species‐specific qPCR assay to monitor spatial and temporal patterns in eDNA concentration within two river catchments in Ireland over three consecutive years. We found that eDNA concentration increased at the onset of observed spawning activity and patterns of concentration increased from downstream to upstream over time, suggesting dispersal into the higher reaches as the spawning season progressed. We found P. marinus to be present upstream of several potential barriers to migration, sometimes in significant numbers. Our results also show that the addition of a lamprey‐specific fish pass at an "impassable" weir, although assisting in ascent, did not have any significant impact on eDNA concentration upstream after the pass had been installed. eDNA concentration was also found to be significantly correlated with both the number of fish and the number of nests encountered. The application of snapshot sampling techniques for species monitoring therefore has substantial potential for the management of low‐density species in fast‐moving aquatic systems.


Fundamental Science is undergoing an acute conceptual-paradigmatic crisis of philosophical foundations, manifested as a crisis of understanding, crisis of interpretation and representation, "loss of certainty", "trouble with physics", and a methodological crisis. Fundamental Science rested in the "first-beginning", "first-structure", in "cogito ergo sum". The modern crisis is not only a crisis of the philosophical foundations of Fundamental Science, but there is a comprehensive crisis of knowledge, transforming by the beginning of the 21st century into a planetary existential crisis, which has exacerbated the question of the existence of Humanity and life on Earth. Due to the unsolved problem of justification of Mathematics, paradigm problems in Computational mathematics have arisen. It's time to return ↔ Into Dialectics. The solution to the problem of the foundations of Mathematics, and therefore knowledge in general, is the solution to the problem of modeling (constructing) the ontological basis of knowledge - the ontological model of the primordial generating process. The idea and model of the primordial generating process, its ontological structure directs thinking to the need for the introduction of superconcept → ontological (cosmic, structural) memory, concept-attractor, supercategory, substantial semantic core of the scientific picture of the world of the nuclear-ecological-information age. Model of basic Ideality→ "Space-MatterMemory-Time" [S-MM-T].


Natural ecosystems like forests and wetlands provide a suite of water-related services that are increasingly critical for communities as the impacts of climate change intensify. Yet, these natural ecosystems are increasingly lost or degraded. In the face of growing water-related challenges in an age of fiscal austerity, investing in the conservation, restoration, and management of these ecosystems can represent a low cost alternative or complement to concrete-and-steel built infrastructure options and serve as part of a viable adaptation strategy. However, as they must with other forms of infrastructure, decision makers must understand the impacts of a changing climate on the provision of services from natural ecosystems. Impacts like changing species composition and increasing incidence of disturbances like wildfire, insects, and disease can affect the water-related function of upstream ecosystems, requiring additional and ongoing management interventions. This article lays out the basic underpinnings of investments in forests as an adaptation strategy for the provision of water-related services and the need for an iterative and flexible approach to managing those investments over time to ensure their sustainability in a changing climate.


A triple band multi-antenna system with four elements to cover 3.3-6 GHz in the future 5G smartphone applications is proposed. The presented antenna consists of four feeding elements and four T-shaped radiating elements which have operability in 3.3-4.2 GHz (n77), 4.8-5 GHz & 5.1-5.9 GHz range. For 3.3-4.2 GHz (n77) & 4.8-5 GHz, the antenna is fit for 5G new radio (NR) application while for 5.1-5.9 GHz, the antenna performance is suitable for WLAN application. The antenna is simulated which can be placed on the inner surface of the side-edge frame of the smartphone. The proposed MIMO antenna has better isolations (less than -20 dB), efficiency (62-80%) and their envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is much less than 0.1 in the operating band. The peak gain of the antenna is 5.5 dBi. The proposed MIMO antenna will be promising for future 5G smartphone applications.


Epidemiology studies the distribution and variation in exposure and disease in populations. Molecular epidemiology does so by measuring exposure and disease at the deepest biological level. Such move required important changes at the methodological level as well as the conceptual level-notably, by developing the "meeting-in-the-middle" methodology and the concept of "exposome." In this chapter, we discuss how molecular methodology offers an opportunity to reflect upon traditional problems, such as the use of statistical analyses and the interpretation of data, and the role of technology in the scientific process. These, in turn, raise new conceptual and practical challenges, for instance the need to reconceptualize productive causality, and to design public health policies in the light of the results of molecular epidemiology.


Abstract The efficient distribution of health profes-sionals, especially physicians, is one of the main issues public health policy managers face. In an attempt to solve this problem, the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, is increasing the number of medical graduates, including in the interior, and encouraging medical residency pro -grams with more openings and programs. Such actions are strategies for the establishment and provision of medical professionals. The general objective of the study that gave rise to this article was to introduce the medical residency policy as a strategy for training human resources for the Unified Health System and to demonstrate the lack of specialists in gynecology and obstetrics for the Unified Health System of Pernam-buco, based on the lack of childbirth care. The results demonstrated an increased demand among physicians for the gynecology and obstetrics specialty over the years, but there is a great concentration of this spe-cialty in the region near the capital city (Recife) and of deliveries in certain locations of the state.


The invention relates to a method of exchanging information implemented by a first item of equipment with a second item of equipment that are registered with a VoIP network core (IP-CN), the first item of equipment having emitted a communication on a circuit switching network (AN-CS) destined for a third item of equipment (T2), said communication being established between the first and second items of equipment. The method comprises: the reception on the circuit switching network, of a message confirming the establishment of the communication with the second item of equipment, comprising an identifier of the second item of equipment on the circuit switching network; and the exchange, with the second item of equipment (E) via the network core and using the identifier of the second item of equipment of information relating to a capability of the first and/or of the second item of equipment to support at least one enhanced multimedia communication service.


The new portable autologous electrocardiograph noninvasive improved, is the compact combination of components and elements that constitute all united to a plate (7) which makes frame, in which bottom electrodes (1) are arranged and the band adhesive (9), which contact the skin (2) of the person who puts it as dressing, that the plate itself (7) a printed circuit that links the components of a bio-amplifier (10) is incorporated, a processor signal (3), a volatile memory (4), a transmitter proximity (5) and a bluetooth transmitter class 2 (6), powered by a battery (11) button which also is integrated in a component tracks the plate (7), and all the top coated medical silicone (8).


Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and in Sweden approximately 7000 new cases are diagnosed every year. The primary treatment for breast cancer is surgery with possible subsequent radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Following mastectomy all women in Sweden are offered a surgical breast reconstruction. This is an optional choice, but many women choose reconstruction in order to feel more feminine, more confident in their bodies and their sexuality, and as a more "whole" woman. It is mainly the younger and single women who chose to do a reconstruction.Purpose: This study examines the health related quality of life within women who did or did not undergo breast reconstruction, depending of choice, age and how they experienced the healthcare support.Method: Qualitative interview study with seven women who participated in the study. The interview contained eight open questions concerning psychosocial situation related to body image, sexuality, decision-making and support needs. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed with Graneheim- and Lundmans content analysis.Results: The analysis from the transcript was categorized into 2 groups: Quality of life and the breastcancer surgery. These two groups were divided into psychic health, body image, psychosocial health, and experience of the health care and the choice of reconstruction. Both the women who chose to do the reconstruction and those who do not, rate their health related quality of life as high. The women who underwent reconstruction rated their quality of life higher after the reconstruction than before. The decision regarding reconstruction was based on personal thoughts, and women who did not do reconstruction wished to focus on wining their fight against cancer and that thought that breast reconstruction was a major surgery with a high risk of complications. Decision about reconstruction was based on feeling truncated without breasts and with the new breast they feel feminine and whole again.Conclusion: Whether the women have made a reconstruction or not they are satisfied with their individual choices and rate their quality of life as high. The women also have experienced the communication to health care staff as good, but they even experience a huge need for follow-ups.


skin-tight spandex, leather, chains, lace, and lingerie. Released from what had constricted them in the first act, the characters were free to express their power and sexuality. Although the Borden trial and verdict provided something of a narrative thread to act 2, the focus was more squarely on the glory of liberation from the status quo. Significantly, the act closed with the four women, who through much of the performance seemed separated by competing dreams and agendas, coming together in a final moment of transcendence, singing "Into your wildest dreams, I'll fly. I'll fly."


The invention discloses a self-locking device for an electric tool and a rotating shaft. The self-locking device comprises an output main shaft and an output gear arranged on the output main shaft; the output gear is arranged in a gear case, the output main shaft penetrates out from an output hole of the gear case, and a circumferential angle locking structure is arranged between the output main shaft and an inner hole of the output gear; and through the circumferential angle locking structure, the output main shaft can freely rotate within a certain angle scope relative to the output gear, and a self-locking driving structure is arranged on the outer circle of the output main shaft and drives a self-locking pin shaft to lock the output main shaft and the output gear when the output main shaft serves as a driving piece. By means of self-locking device for the electric tool and the rotating shaft, when working heads such as a saw web or a grinding wheel is replaced, operation is rapider, more convenient and more reliable, and one-hand operation can be achieved.


The study was conducted with the main objective of exploring the relationships between self-efficacy, organisational commitment, job satisfaction and satisfaction with life among a cohort of amateur sport coaches in South Africa. This study is premised within a post-positivism cross-sectional quantitative research design, and a total of 250 conveniently selected amateur sports coaches participated in the study. The statistical analysis of the collected data included descriptive statistics, reliability and validity analysis as well as correlation analysis. Further, confirmatory factor analysis and a structural path modelling were undertaken to assess the relationship between the constructs under investigation. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and organisational commitment, organisational commitment and job satisfaction, organisational commitment and satisfaction with life and self-efficacy with satisfaction with life. While the study, surprisingly, did not find any significant relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction as well as job satisfaction and satisfaction with life, it is important that this aspect also receive attention and importance in the career of amateur sports coaches. Based on these results, it is recommended that further research from a predictive validity perspective be pursued in order to substantiate the findings and to improve the generalisability thereof.


This report presents several systematic techniques for constructing complex nanostructures. First, we define a general "patch format," which allows membranes to be hierarchically and iteratively assembled from smaller elements. The usefulness of the technique is extended by demonstrating how such patches may be joined and transformed in various ways. Several membrane architectures, previously developed, are re-derived in patch format, demonstrating its utility. Similar approaches are applied to the assembly of nanotubes. Patch techniques are applied to the construction of channels in membranes, first to the synthesis of a simple (always open) pore, second to the use of sensor molecules, and third to their combination in a simple, open-once channel. Finally, the ideas of patch assembly are applied to the synthesis of non-unit mesh membranes.


Network slicing is a key technology in 6G communication systems to support numerous vertical applications for all scenes while providing resources on demand. Due to more time-varying and dynamic traffic flows, it is difficult for traditional methods to manage complex and highly dynamic 6G networks. Therefore, intelligent method such as Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is employed into network management since DRL is a model-free and experience-driven approach. However, it is difficult to leverage one DRL model to provide customized intra-slice orchestration for various applications because of their diverse flow characteristics and service requirements. Moreover, training a DRL model is notoriously time-consuming so that it is not realistic for network operator to individually orchestrate customized network slice for each application with the DRL algorithm. Additionally, the data privacy of each application should be considered into the training process. In this paper, we propose a Federated Meta Reinforcement Learning (FedMRL) approach to tackle the cold-start problem in network slice orchestration, while reserving the data privacy. The Meta Reinforcement Learning (MRL) is leveraged to train a meta policy for rapidly learn a local policy for a specific slice orchestration task by finding a common initialization that allows for a quick adaptation towards each optimal solution. With the help of federated learning setting, the training process of meta policy is not required to collect raw data of applications to the centralized server. Experimental results show that FedMRL outperforms three baselines in terms of overall costs, end-to-end latency and convergence speed.


The flooded soils from Kai county and Fuling water-level fluctuation zones of Three Gorges Reservoirs areas were collected.The indoor flooding experiment was conducted to study the impact of waterlogged soil organic matter decomposition on the reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)as well as the release of phosphorus.The results showed that soil phosphorus migrated to the overlying water during flooding,which led to increasing of the content of total phosphorus(TP)at the beginning,then decreasing until reaching the balance.Total phosphorus in the overlying water and sediment phosphorus had a significant negative correlation(p0.01),and the correlation analysis of effective phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus showed that the main source of all forms of phosphorus release were Ca8-P,Al-P and Fe-P.Anaerobic environment caused by flooding contributed to the reduction of iron oxide,the formation of amorphous iron,and divalent iron and phosphorus was a significant positive correlation(p0.05),which illustrated the reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)accelerated the release of phosphorus.During flooding,the production of soil carbon dioxide and methane revealed the process of organic matter decomposition,the change of ratio of CO2/CH4showed the consumption of flooded soil inorganic electron acceptor,explained the reduction mechanism of Fe(Ⅲ)and the correction analysis between Fe(Ⅲ)and Fe(Ⅱ)as well as Fe(Ⅲ)and effective phosphorus verified that the release of phosphorus significantly related to the reduction of organic matter and the reduction of iron,illustrated that the organic matter decomposition promoted the reduction of iron,and further promoted the release of phosphorus.


Studies on the mode of action of amphotericin B, nystatin, and related antifungal antibiotics eventually led to investigations on the mechanism by which the complement system damages cell membranes. These experiments made extensive use of liposomal model membranes and subsequently suggested other applications that liposomes may have in the fields of immunology and pharmacology.


Breast cancer is associated with high mortality rates in women of both developing and under developed countries. Moreover, due to the poor medical facilities and lack of awareness, this mortality rate is higher in rural areas than that of the urban areas. Hence, to reduce this high mortality rate, the early detection of the breast diseases before the onset of the cancerous mass is very crucial. Among various breast imaging modalities, X-ray Mammography stands out to be the gold standard modality for Breast cancer detection. But vulnerability of women below 40 years towards radioactive exposure of X-ray mammography necessitates the concerned research community to explore avenues devoid of radioactive hazard as well as preferably non-invasive. Infrared Thermography (IRT) meeting such important requirements can be used as an adjunctive tool in breast abnormality detection of women of all age groups. Besides, due to its portability and cost effective nature, it can be used as a routine checkup tool for patients in remote areas and thus, can point out the subjects who requires urgent medical attention. To validate the predictability of both mammography and thermography in breast cancer detection, this paper develops a suspicious region based breast abnormality detection system. The paper investigates the efficacy of fractal features over the most widely used texture features in anomalous region based breast abnormality prediction from both mammograms and thermograms. We focus on fractal features in discriminating the abnormal and severe abnormal breast images from the normal and mild abnormal breast images by observing the difference in fractal dimension and lacunarity values. We investigated that the combination of fractal dimension and lacunarity features gives prediction accuracy of 95.94% on the mini-MIAS mammogram dataset of 128 images and 86.11% on a newly created DBT-TU-JU breast thermogram dataset of 36 abnormal images as compared to 79.31% and 78.94% using texture features, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the fractal features are more efficient in disease affected region based breast abnormality prediction from both mammograms and thermograms.


This study aims to (1) To find out the efforts made by the Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Baitul Qur'an Kendari in fostering personality and independence to students (2) To find out the welfare system of students provided by the Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Baitul Qur'an Kendari to students (3 ) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering personality and independence to students.This research was conducted at the Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Baitul Qur'an Kendari located at Jalan Wua Eha, Anggoeya Village, Poasia District. Analysis of the data used is qualitative analysis while data sources use primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate the efforts made by the Islamic Boarding School Tahfidz Baitul Qur'an kendari in fostering the Personality and Self-Reliance of Santri, namely by providing moral guidance, religious guidance, memorizing the Qur'an, fostering religious education, entrepreneurship management of shops, shops, making food. And Hadroh Art Skills. Santri Welfare Services System in fostering the Personality and Independence of Santri by providing Servicing Services, Educational Scholarship Services, and Health Services. The supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering the personality and independence of students are supporting factors including Community Concern, adequate Facilities and Infrastructure, and Location of the Baitf Qurzan Islamic Boarding School Baitul Qur'an in a strategic vehicle. In addition, the inhibiting factor was also felt by the Tahfidz Baitul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School in kendari, such as the Irregular Donors.


Objective To explore the best technique for Berberine extraction in Cortex Phellodendri.Methods A few methods such as acid alcohol method(the original acid alcohol method,improved acid alcohol method I and improved acid alcohol method II),alkali extraction method and alcohol extraction method were used in extraction of Berberine in Cortex Phellodendri.Results The extraction rates for the original acid alcohol method,improved acid alcohol method I,improved acid alcohol method II,alkali extraction method and alcohol extraction method were respectively 0.91 %, 0.94 % ,1.02 %,0.86 % and 0.89 %.Conclusion The extraction rates for improved acid alcohol method I and improved acid alcohol method II were higher than those of the original acid alcohol method,alkali extraction method and alcohol extraction method in extraction of Berberine in Cortex Phellodendri.


The invention discloses an inland waterway real-time monitoring system based on an optical fiber acoustic sensor array. The inland waterway real-time monitoring system comprises the optical fiber acoustic sensor array, a photovoltaic conversion module and a signal processing module. The optical fiber acoustic sensor array comprises a plurality of optical fiber acoustic sensor units and communication optical cables. Sound field signals of ships in the waterway are received by the acoustic sensor units, converted into optical signals, transmitted to a bank through the communication optical cables and transmitted to a computer or a signal processing control panel after converted into electrical signals. The signal processing module calculates output signals, allowing indicates such as flow, position, course, speed of the ship in the inland waterway to be monitored real time. The inland waterway real-time monitoring system is an automatic inland waterway monitoring system, active, wide is application range, high in interference resistance and affected by weather conditions, and all-weather real-time monitoring of the inland waterway is achieved.


In 1962, as NASA astronaut John Glenn made this historic orbit arounf Earth and crossed into darkness, residents of Perth, Australia vied for his attention by leaving their lights on.


1. An artificial rumen is described together with associated analytical and sampling procedures. 2. The equipment was used to study the effects of linseed oil fatty acids on the fermentation of sugar-beet pulp and of sucrose by rumen micro-organisms. 3. With sugar-beet pulp the addition of small amounts of linseed oil fatty acids had little effect on total gas production, utilization of sugar and the molar proportions of steam-volatile acids formed, but they strongly inhibited methane production, whereas large amounts of the fatty acids temporarily inhibited the production of gas and utilization of sugar. 4. With sucrose even the smaller amounts of fatty acids had a marked inhibitory effect on the production of gas and utilization of sugar. 5. The technique is assessed critically and the results are discussed in the light of previous experiments in vivo.


Aromatic hyperbranched polyesters(HBP) were synthesized by 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride,diols and monohydric alcohols using solution polymerization and melting polymerization.The synthetic products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),~1H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and inherent viscosity.The effects of reaction conditions on the structure of synthetic products were also investigated.


A research was conducted by BIOSTYR technique for scenery wastewater in this paper.The results showed that the removal efficiency of this reactor was good.The efficiency of COD was about 56%,ammonia efficiency was above 90%,respectively.The effluent turbidity was around 1.3 ntu,meanwhile,the aerobic denitrification took place in the reactor.