Multiple quantum wells (MQW) microdisk lasers are fabricated by using the methods of photolithography-etching techniques. By the CCD watching-control and micron-area detecting systems, The 5µm-diameter microdisk lasers was optically pumped by Ar+ pulse laser at room temperature, with the 1:50 pump duty cycle. We obtained the single-mode lasing at 1.543m wavelength, with threshold pump power about 200µw.


Abstract The computation of bent isotropic plates, stretched and/or compressed, is a topic widely explored in the literature from both experimental and numerical point of view. We expose in this work an application of the generalized equations of Finite difference method to that topic. The strength of the proposed method is the ability to reconstruct the approximate solution with respect of eventual discontinuities involved in the investigated function as well as its first and second derivatives, including the right-hand side of the equilibrium equation. It is worth mentioning that by opposition to finite element methods our method needs neither fictitious points nor a special condensation of grid. Well-known benchmarks are used in this work to illustrate the efficiency of our numerical and the high accuracy of calculation as well. A comparison of our results with those available in the literature also shows good agreement.


e14645 Background: Chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment option for patients with esophageal cancer unsuitable for surgery, but the majority of patients will die of their disease, most commonly with local tumor progression/recurrence. We initiated this study to determine the efficacy and safety of the addition of cetuximab with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiation for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A total of 127 patients with clinical stage II–IVa disease were selected to receive combined-modality therapy consisting of cetuximab (400 mg/m2/wk week 1, then 250 mg/m2/wk week 2-8), paclitaxel (45 mg/m2/wk) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2/wk) in weeks 2-8 with 59.4 Gy of radiation (Group A, n = 29) versus the same chemoradiotherapy schedule but without cetuximab (Group B, n = 98). Results: At the time of this analysis, 27 and 88 patients were available for evaluation of response and survival in Group A and B respectively. In Group A, 20 patients (74.1%) achieved comp...


Nanoparticles are increasingly used in many industrial fields because of their special properties. In this context, several questions arise related to possible negative consequences associated with nanoparticle (NPs) entrance into the ecosystem.  The adsorption of NPs by soil can adversely influence its biological properties. In the present article, the influence of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of Arenosol is considered. Research aimed to study the effect of Cu, Zn, Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of sandy loam chernozem. Copper, Zn, and Ni NPs were added to the soil in concentrations of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg kg-1. The effect of NPs on the biological properties of Arenosol was evaluated after 10-day incubation. The biological indices of the ecological condition of the soil, including the germination of radish, the length of the roots, the bacteria population, Azotobacter sp. count, the catalase activity, and dehydrogenases were studied. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the degree of indices changes depending on the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs in the Arenosols. Microbiological characteristics (bacteria population, and Azotobacter sp. count) and phytotoxic feature (length of roots and radish germination) properties were most sensitive to contamination compared to the enzyme activity of Arenosol. Based on the soil integral index of a biological state, the strongest inhibitory effect on biological parameters of Arenosols relative to the control was exerted by Cu NPs (lower than control by 48-72%), while the greatest stability in Arenosol was found for Ni NPs (lower than control by 30-55%). The studied biological parameters allow characterizing the severity of nanoparticle exposure on Arenosols. Early diagnostics of the severity of soil contamination by NPs can be successfully used to quickly assess their impact on the soil condition and prevent possible adverse consequences.


The author purposes an instrument of retrospective auditory for the assessment of the nursing care given to each patient by means of his/her documentation. The instrument was elaborated based on the assistencial patterns and the norms of the nursing care program established for the unit.


The new optical meter-relay is not only one of the simplest devices now available for automatic control functions, but like all meter-relays, it has the further advantages of reliability and easy adjustment of set points. It also has continuous signal indication, whether or not a set point has been passed. From a design standpoint, the new device is noteworthy because it is built around a combination, used for the first time in controlling instruments, of fiber optics, a reflecting disc, and solid-state circuitry. Inherently fail-safe, it is a complete departure from previous designs.


This action research aimed to study results of risk prevention enhancement for ice factory employees in Mueang district, Khon kaen province. The sample consisted of 33 employees from an ice factory who voluntarily participated and 3 persons from government agencies and 3 representatives of the ice factory, including the researcher, which resulted in a total of 39 participants. The study was performed by using the focus group discussion method. Data collection was carried out during 1st to 30th April 2013. Quantitative data was analyzed by using the Paired t-test and qualitative data was analyzed using the content analysis. . The findings showed that before the development program, the mean score of risk prevention knowledge was 25.91 and after participating in the program, the mean score was up to 35.21 with a statistically significant difference (p-value<0.001, 95%CI=8.46 to 10.15). For the practice on risk prevention, before the program, the mean score of risk prevention practice was 91.48 and after participating in the program, the mean score was up to 107.67. The increase of the mean score was statistical significant (p-value<0.001, 95%CI=14.09 to 18.27). The outcome of the focus group discussion were four projects aimed to solve problems related with risk prevention in the ice factory, namely, the development of risk prevention for ice factory employees, the disaster and emergency plan rehearsal, the environmental care project, and the factory clean and safety project. The first project was completed while the rests were still in the progress while the study as such was finalized. This action research achieved a high level of participation from employees of the ice factory, ice mangers, safety officer and ice owners and state agencies. Keyword: Risk Prevention Enhancement, Ice Factory Employees, Focus group Discussion


Aluminium alloy 2A10 was cold drawn into four deformable ratio,and the properties and the morphology of the alloy have been tested and analyzed.The results showed that the tensile strength and yield of the alloy increased with the raise of the deformable ratio,and the ratio of δ0.2/δb also increased with the raise of the deformable ratio.


The winter ecology of the Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis), the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), and the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) was studied in tropical mangroves of northeastern Venezuela. The birds' spatial and social behaviours were assessed through intensive mist-netting and observation sessions over two complete annual cycles. In all three species, transients corresponded to half of the migrant populations. Although many birds were observed more than once within a range of 50 m, most of them also moved considerably. Home ranges of individuals overlapped greatly in both Northern Waterthrushes and Prothonotary Warblers. Birds stayed in the mangroves for an average 2-month period, irrespective of their date of arrival, whereas new individuals were observed during most of the wintering period. Winter site fidelity characterized both transient and site-attached individuals. Although many birds showed some kind of site attachment, none of the three species can be con...


Theory of Topologically Nontrivial Field Configurations Thermal Ground State as Emergent Phenomena Non-Perturbative Loop Expansion Dynamically Cascading Gauge-Symmetry Breakings Anomalies at Large Angles in the Cosmic Microwave Background Dark Energy and a Planck-Scale Error Fermions as Center-Vortex Loops Cosmological Constant.


In the history of the Roman Empire,there was a military power shift from the Senate to a group of people,then to a few people, and at last to the emperor.This shift enabled the Roman Emperor to take the military and political power into his own hands.However,with no strict inheritance system,the power used to be out of control,which caused political confusion,frequent civil wars,heavy taxes,economic depression,corruption of the army and slackness of national defense.All these factors destroyed the empire.


The properties of plastic refractory which belongs to monolithic refractories are introduced in this paper.According to the author's research results and the newest investigated results of plastic refractory about preparation and application of new products,the performance of different kinds of plastic refractory and the research progress are also introduced.According to the construction of plastic,some advice is made.Based on these,the trend of investigation and prospects of plastic refractory are also mentioned.


Retraction of 'Highly monodisperse Pt(0)@AC NPs as highly efficient and reusable catalysts: the effect of the surfactant on their catalytic activities in room temperature dehydrocoupling of DMAB' by Betül Çelik et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2016, 6, 1685–1692, DOI: 10.1039/C5CY01371B.


Abstract : Methods of previous Reports, concerned with the number of antecedent years for which the mean value of a climatic element offers the minimum variance estimator of the next year's value, are extended to similar predictions more than one year ahead. For predicting a value m years beyond the end of the averaging period, the best average is found to be based on a period m years shorter than for predicting the next year's value. Apparently each climatic record has an average period of maximum homogeneity, whose length must be equalled, for optimum prediction, by the interval from the start of the averaging period to the end of the predicted one. Climatic normals for 15-year periods, rather than 30 years as at present, are recommended, with recomputation every 5 years. Medians of values over 15 years are suggested as even better predictors than means. Finally, 7 years is suggested as a suitable period for the definition of climate.


Purpose – This paper seeks to contribute to entrepreneurship education research by exploring entrepreneurship students' views of plagiarism, and their ability to recognise and avoid plagiarism.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a questionnaire administered to 205 undergraduate university entrepreneurship students, combining self‐reported data with behavioural measures.Findings – The results illustrate that, although entrepreneurship students have a clear conceptual understanding of plagiarism and how to avoid it, and they demonstrate an ability to accurately recognise material which needs to be referenced, they do not see use of non‐referenced material as being in breach of academic guidelines. The students also perceive lecturers to be more concerned with plagiarism than the students themselves or the university.Research limitations/implications – The research identifies a clear divergence between students' claims about their ethical stance regarding plagiarism and their ability to recog...


Abstract The electrochemical intramolecular cyclization of propargyl derivatives containing a carbonhalogen bond in N,N'-dimethylformamide at constant current in a diaphragmless cell has been developed using Ni(II) complexes as electron-transfer mediators.


The invention relates to a hydraulic control circuit for controlling a driving hydraulic system, in particular for controlling a hydraulic motor for driving a rotating mechanism of a crane superstructure. to be achieved for the crane operator optimum control variants. Which is made possible by in the two working lines between a fixed displacement hydraulic pump (2) and a hydraulic motor (5) for controlling the rotating mechanism arranged separately controllable proportional pilot valves (3.3, 3.4) and drivable separately proportional directional control valves (3.5, 3.6) by means of the inflow and outflow amount to and from the hydraulic motor (5) and its direction of rotation can be controlled.


This paper looks into the recent trends leading towards a renewed world order and proposed some distinct ways to promote it. The contemporary global problematique is symptomatic of a revolutionary period of transition from the modern to the post-modern era. During this time of upheaval and instability, many outdated structures are being dismantled and various innovative systems are being attempted. Only when the winners have been determined and the major choices made, will the new social system settle down into a relative peace once again.


Haemoparasitic diseases like trypanosomiasis have an adverse impact on health, productivity and working capacity of camels in many camel-rearing regions in the world. In the present study, a total of 70 camels were examined for the presence of Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) parasite. The antioxidant status, coagulation disorders and cytological changes associated with T. evansi infection as well as the hematological and biochemical changes were studied in both naturally infected camels and experimentally infected rats. The results revealed significant increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and prolonged increases in the values of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) which were seen in both camels and rats. Anemia and significant leucocytosis were observed in both camels and rats. Serum biochemical parameters showed significant increases in the activities of hepatic enzymes in both of them. In contrast to camel results, there was an increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations in experimentall y infected rats. Different cytological changes associated with T. evansi infection were observed in both camels and rats.


Porous polyester fibres with cotton-like dull characteristics were produced by salt leaching method. Polyester was synthesized in the presence of common salt. Fibres containing submicron size salt particles (0.5–1%) were prepared by melt spinning. The fibres were washed in hot water to remove the salt particles creating small craters of size 50–1000 nm. Partially oriented yarn (POY) and fully drawn yarn (FDY) were produced. POY samples were textured to produce polyester textured yarn containing salt particles. The influence of salt particles on polymer crystallization was investigated and found that the presence of salt significantly influences the rate of crystallization. The gloss values of porous FDYs were compared with standard semi-dull polyester yarns of same denier. The light scattering behaviour of the yarn has been enhanced due to porosity. This resulted in a fibre with better dullness characteristics. The light reflectance of porous yarn is lower in the 400–700 nm region compared to control FDY samples. The dyeability of the porous fibre was better than non-porous counterpart.


The aim of this study is to know whether physical activity affects animal fs behavioral responses during heat with osmotic stimulus. Male ICR mice (2–4 mo, age) were divided into two groups: one group had free access to running wheel for 8 weeks (WR, n=20) and the other not (NWR, n=20). After subcutaneous injection (1 ml/100 g of body weight) of either isotonic‐ (154 mM, IS) or hypertonic‐ saline (2,500 mM, HS), each mouse was placed in a behavior box with 5 peltier boards at the bottom, where a) thermal mosaic (temperature of each board was randomly chosen among set at 15 Ž, 22 Ž, 28 Ž, 35 Ž, or 39 Ž and was changed each 6 min) or b) operant behavior available (the temperature of each board was set at 39 Ž; right‐end board temperature was changed to 20 Ž for 60 seconds when a mouse moved to left‐first two boards). In the results, WR group had significant operant behavioral responses than NWR group during osmotic stimulus in the heat (2 times higher than NWR) and prefer lower temperature (32.8 Ž vs 34.8 Ž in average). These results indicate that physical activity may improve behavioral thermoregulation in dehydrated mice in the heat. In particular, physical activity may lower the thermal preference.


A pulsed Doppler probe 10 for monitoring blood flow within a blood vessel 12 includes a sheath 17 and a plurality of electrically conductive wires 26 extending through the sheath 17. The wires 26 have distal ends 28 to which an ultrasonic transducer 18 is operatively connected. The transducer 18 has an operative surface 20, and the probe 10 also includes a means 22 for fixing the orientation of the operative surface 20 with respect to at least one of a longitudinal axis 38 of the sheath 17, and the orientation fixing means 22, or with respect to the distal ends 28 of the electrically conductive wires 26. The orientation fixing means 22 includes an epoxy material 24 encasing the ultrasonic transducer 18, shaped to include a cylindrically concave surface 30. The probe 10 further includes a mesh band 44 of at least one of an absorbable material and an inert material adapted to encircle the blood vessel 12. The probe 10 also includes a remotely operable means 46 for detachably securing the orientation fixing means 22 to the mesh band 44 so that the ultrasonic transducer 18 is positioned adjacent to the blood vessel 12 with the concave surface 30 of the encasing material 24 facing the blood vessel 12.


Research of the relationship between electrical conductivity and the concentration of table salt solution in several brands of table salt, namely brand A, brand B and brand C, has been done. Electrical conductivity () is used as the dependent variable, while concentration (C) is used as the independent variable. The concentration values are 0.1%, 0.2%, …, 0.7% for each brand of table salt. Measurements of electrical conductivity  using a tool Conductivity Metertype pH/EC-983. Next, the average of the result of the measurements of electrical conductivity (σ ̅) are plotted against the concentration (C) of the table salt solution for the each brand of table salt, where each of the result is a straight line (linear) that it has a positive gradient/slope, that is σ ̅=(1360000C+694)µS/cm  for brand A table salt, σ ̅=(1315300C+644)µS/cm brand B table salt and σ ̅=(1281700C+566)µS/cmfor brand C table salt. It seems that the gradient/slope of the straight lines in the various brands of table salt is almost the same, which it means that in general the content of ions in the various brands of legal table salt is relatively not much different. While the positive value of the gradient have the meaning that the higher the concentration of table salt solution, the higher the value of the electrical conductivity, which it is theoretically compatible with the physical concept.


The automotive industry is regarded as one of the most important and strategic industry in manufacturing sector. It is the largest manufacturing enterprise in the world and one of the most resource intensive industries of all major industrial system. However, its products and processes are a significant source of environmental impact. Thus, there is a need to evaluate sustainable manufacturing performance in this industry. This paper proposes a set of initial key performance indicators (KPIs) for sustainable manufacturing evaluation believed to be appropriate to automotive companies, consisting of three factors divided into nine dimensions and a total of 41 sub-dimensions. A survey will be conducted to confirm the adaptability of the initial KPIs with the industry practices. Future research will focus on developing an evaluation tool to assess sustainable manufacturing performance in automotive companies.


This article investigates, based on in-depth interviews and mail surveys, the different ways liberal market regimes are constituted by looking at two small market societies, the U.S. and German automotive parts markets. In a situation in which neoliberal paradigm is being challenged and prior norms about contracts and contractual relations do not work either, this article explores how different conceptions of fairness and divergent market regimes are constituted. This article claims that divergent market regimes result from different kinds of problem-solving practices in a novel context among reflexive agents—public deliberation versus isolated dyadic deliberation of conflicts.


The dynamic polarizability of the 2 /sup 3/S/sub 1/ and 2 /sup 1/S/sub 0/ states of helium is calculated using a variation-perturbation scheme. The computation includes up to 80 terms for the triplet state and up to 136 terms for the singlet state in the first-order trial function. The radiation frequency ranges from zero up to and beyond the second excitation threshold. The convergence is excellent for the triplet state, it is slightly inferior for the singlet state.


A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to determine health problems of under-five children in a selected rural area of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. This study was done on the background that the document about community prevalence of health problems of under-five children is scarce though it has public health importance. This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among 144 children belonging from birth to 5 years residing in Churkhai village of Bhavokhali union, Mymensingh Sadar Upazila in between November and December of 2019, as a part of Residential Field Site Training of 3rd year students of Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B). A purposive sampling technique was adopted. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire has been used to collect required information by face-to-face interviewing mothers of under-five children. The data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Respondent mothers ranged from 16 years to 45 years, mean age 25.47±5.332 years. Majority of mothers were literate (75.69%), housewife (91.67%), belonged to middle class (69.44%). Out of total 144 children ranging from birth to 59 months, mean age 29.83±19.54 months, male: female ratio was 97.26:100. Majority of children (50.69%) were healthy. Nutritional status was assessed by history taking (history of birth weight) weight, height measurement and clinical examination. Prevalence of low birth weight was 15.28%. Prevalence of under-nutrition was 16.67% and over-nutrition was 1.39%. On clinical examination, prevalence of anemia was found 4.17%. The leading health problem was nutritional 22.22%, followed by respiratory illness 12.50%, diarrhoea 7.64%, skin disease 4.17%, dental caries 0.69%, conjunctivitis 0.69%, acute suppurative otitis media 0.69%, accidental injury 0.69%. Most of the family had safe water supply (98.61%), sanitary latrines (85.42%), semi-pucca house (50%) and suffer air pollution 69.44%. The nutritional profile was quite similar, but disease situation was better than the results of other studies in Bangladesh and in other developing countries.
CBMJ 2022 January: vol. 11 no. 01 P: 27-32


This paper presents an empirical analysis of the performance of Differential Evolution (DE) variants on different classes of unconstrained global optimization benchmark problems. This analysis has been undertaken to identify competitive DE variants which perform reasonably well on a range of problems with different features. Towards this, fourteen DE variants were implemented and tested on 14 high dimensional benchmark functions grouped by their modality and decomposability viz., unimodal separable, unimodal nonseparable, multimodal separable and multimodal nonseparable. This extensive performance analysis provides some insight about the competitiveness of DE variants in solving test problems with representative landscape features such as modality and decomposability.


This research was conducted in experimental plots in Georgia from 2004 through 2006 and assessed the prospects for transitioning to a totally organic management system for cotton. The seasonal abundance of insect pests and their natural enemies over the 3-yr transitional period are reported herein. The heliothines, Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and stink bugs, mainly Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and Euschistus quadrator (Rolston), were the 2 groups of insect pests found on cotton. Heliothine larvae were observed each year of the study but, in general, infestations of heliothines were higher in 2004 than in the other 2 yrs. Stink bugs were observed in relatively high numbers, and the percent of cotton bolls damaged by these pests was high only during year 2 of the study. Over the 3-yr period, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, various spiders, including Oxyopes scalaris Hentz and Peucetia viridans (Hentz), the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Sa...


Performance of wireless communications is a most relevant issue, resulting in more reliable and efficient communications. Security is also important. Laboratory measurements were made on several performance aspects of Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 b, g) Open point-to- multipoint links. Our study contributes to the performance evaluation of this technology, using available equipments (DAP-1522 access points from D-Link and WPC600N adapters from Linksys). New detailed results are presented and discussed, namely at OSI levels 4 and 7, from TCP, UDP and FTP experiments: TCP throughput, jitter, percentage datagram loss and FTP transfer rate data. Comparisons are made to corresponding results obtained for point-to-point links. Conclusions are drawn about the comparative performance of the links.


Exercise rehabilitation is demonstrated to improve the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Statins, as the key medicine to lower cholesterol in CHD, result in skeletal muscle injury and impair exercise training adaptation. Energy metabolism dysfunction is identified as the potential mechanism underlying statin‐induced skeletal muscle injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of the metabolic modulator trimetazidine on skeletal muscle energy metabolism and statin‐associated exercise intolerance.


An enzyme preparation from glutinous millet grains has been found to synthesize various riboflavin glycosides from riboflavin and disaccharides other than maltose (such as cellobiose, melibiose and lactose). Each of these riboflavin glycosides has been isolated in crystalline form and shown to have the structure, 5′-D-riboflavin-β-d-glucopyranoside, 5′-d-riboflavin-α-d-galactopyranoside and 5′-d-riboflavin-β-D-galactopyranoside.


ABSTRACT Nanotechnology is widely used in a variety of technologies, including agriculture, biosensors, fertilizers, food packaging, electronics, semiconductor technology, and energy storage. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have shown a broad array of applications in a variety of disciplines due to their distinctive properties such as stability, biocompatibility, surface reactivity, tunable pore size, and high surface area. SiNPs are widely used in biomedicine and target drug delivery due to their ease of surface functionalization. SiNPs have traditionally been synthesized using chemical methods that require advanced equipment, high costs, and hazardous materials, resulting in a long-term negative impact on the environment. Global challenges such as climate change and environmental concerns have compelled scientists to develop effective, economical, and environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing SiNPs. As a result, the focus has shifted to bioinspired protocols that employ industrial waste, agricultural waste, plants, fungi, worms, bacteria, yeast, and microorganisms in compliance with the green chemistry principle and sustainability. This review focuses on the green, economical, and sustainable methods for synthesizing SiNPs from agricultural waste and their utilization in different fields. Among many agricultural wastes, rice husk (RH) and wheat husk (WH) stands out due to the high percentage of silica in their chemical composition, making them an easier and more effective source of synthesizing SiNPs. This study provides an in-depth look at catalytic and biomedical applications of SiNPs, as well as their greener synthetic methods, which will be useful for future work on green principles and sustainable development. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The goal of the research was optimization of design parameters and operation modes of the designed opener for split-level seeding and fertilizer, what would ensure compliance with agronomic requirements for planting, increasing of the crops yield with low operating costs. The quality of sowing is influenced by physico-mechanical properties of soil (moisture, structure, density, etc.), which optimal value is regulated by agrotechnical requirements for a certain crop cultivation. These properties affect the seeding-down quality and water-air regime of soil. Therefore, during the conduction of laboratory studies to optimize parameters and operation modes of the opener, humidity, compositio structuren and density of soil was controlled to bring the above mentioned properties of the soil in accordance with sowing agrotechnical requirements. The proposed opener for split-level seeding and fertilizer was investigated in laboratory conditions with determination of soil treatment quality, which is characterized by compliance of soil density obtained after the opener's passage with agrotechnical requirements. The criterion for quality assessment of soil treatment was the coefficient of conformity to the standard kcs, that evaluates the soil density compliance with reference values established by the agrotechnical requirements.


The structural divisions in contemporary Australian society are now driven more by education levels than income, according to former ALP Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner, in his speech to National Council Meeting about why universities lack political clout.


Carbon steel of polarization curve measurement has important guiding significance for practical application. This experiment adopts the carbon electrode to determine the anode polarization curve by potentiostatic method in the ammonium carbonate solution of CTAB, in order to study the effect of surfactant concentration on the corrosion of carbon steel electrode. The influence of the experimental results shows that the addition of CTAB surfactant for carbon steel electrode has better corrosion effect, can reduce the peak current of polarization curve. While adding a certain concentration of surfactants, the stronger the corrosion inhibition, the smaller the peak current.


The energy difference between the "up-down" and "lateral" H 2 PO 4 configurations in the Slater model is interpreted as a difference in the molecular energies when they are fictitiously isolated while maintaining their configurations in the crystal. This version of the Slater model is shown to be satisfactory for explaining the observed correlation between the transition temperature and the covalent OH(D) bond length of the hydrogen bond OH(D)…O with a reasonable quantitative agreement. It is pointed out that the present model is not applicable to cases where the transition temperatures are very low.


Abstract The main goal of the tokamak T-15 are briefly formulated. The structural features and principal characteristics of the diagnostic systems being used on this device are examined. The main parameters of the various diagnostic systems on T-15 are summarized in tables. The results of the first experiments on piasma discharge production and measurement of piasma parameters by a minimal set of physical diagnostics are also presented.


The increase in the volume of foreign institutional investment (FII) inflows in recent years has led to concerns regarding the volatility of these flows, threat of capital flight, its impact on the stock markets and influence of changes in regulatory regimes. The determinants and destinations of these flows and how are they influencing economic development in the country have also been debated. This paper examines the role of various factors relating to individual firm-level characteristics and macroeconomic-level conditions influencing FII investment. The regulatory environment of the host country has an important impact on FII inflows. As the pace of foreign investment began to accelerate, regulatory policies have changed to keep up with changed domestic scenarios. The paper also provides a review of these changes.


ballet, is thrilling. The elegantly simple costumes by Marianne Nelson— white leotards and skirts for the women, sleeveless black shirts and slacks for the men—place a large number on each dancer's chest, 1 through 6. It's a joke, a way of telling us not to take the ballet and Ravel's music too seriously, but the kind of joke that makes us watch and listen all the more intently. The lights come slowly up during the melody's first iteration. Girl One, Danielle Rowe, begins stepping gracefully and Girl Two, Wendy Whelan performs a lyrical solo. Girl—no, wait, it's a Boy who wears Three—and he starts windmilling his arms with a Spanish flair as the oboe enters the minor section of the melody. Then suddenly, behind him, two of the men are supporting two of the women in deep penchés canted forward. As the clarinet takes over, Boy Five, Edwaard Liang, solos vigorously out front, while right behind him Girl One leads Girl Two sideways by the hand in a rhythmic stroll, and behind them the remaining trio cross and recross each other's paths. The dance parallels the score perfectly and delightfully. The ballet builds and builds, with new variations and combinations for each repeat, all so clear and precise that we also focus on Ravel's correspondingly inventive arrangement. A unison dance for all six to the unison strings shifts into counterpoint when the strings break out in harmonies, all growing stranger and stranger. The brass blares, the men lift the women up high, everyone revolving as each woman braces her arms on her partner's shoulders and kicks one leg skyward behind her. When it ends, you instantly want to see it all again. Judging by Bolero and the two major dances he has made for NYCB, Russian Seasons (2006) and Concerto DSCH (2008), his terrific Shostakovich ballet, Ratmansky's works, while just as musical as Wheeldon's, unfold in more confident dramatic and emotional structures. Since many view the forty-year-old Ratmansky as his choreographic rival, Wheeldon's programming of Bolero demonstrates both his generosity to fellow artists and his commitment to his company's needs over his personal glory. Still in his mid-thirties, Wheeldon is an immensely gifted choreographer, but at this point he could use some of Ratmansky's juice to help him clarify image, structure, and feeling in his own dances. If he can do so, his work may aspire to the affective level at which so many Balanchine ballets exist, where, even with no narrative at all, they create the illusion of simultaneous specificity and universality, of gesturing far beyond the considerable local interest of dancers moving to music. Such sublimity may prove solely the province of genius, but Wheeldon has the tools to make us understand why ballet is necessary to our lives.


The polyurethane/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (PU/MWNTs) composites are prepared via in-situ polymerization.Their physical properties and biological functions are studied.The results indicate that the glass transition temperature and the mechanical properties of PU/MWNTs are increasing compare with unmodified PU.And the composites show different activity compare with PU to platelet attachment.Meanwhile,more fibrinogen adsorption is observed on the PU/MWNT composites with higher amount of MWNTs.However,the PU/MWNTs composites show resistance to platelet attachment and activation.


Abstract : Contents: Radar signals and the method of their processing; Output signals of filter devices; Detection of signals against a background of interference and other signals; Signal parameter measurements; Signal processor design principles; Methods for the technical realization of signal-processing devices; Analog electronic filters; Digital electronic filters; Optical filters.


Polycrystalline, thin-film photovoltaics represent one of the few (if not the only) renewable power sources which has the potential to satisfy the demanding technical requirements for future space applications. The demand in space is for deployable, flexible arrays with high power-to-weight ratios and long-term stability (15-20 years). In addition, there is also the demand that these arrays be produced by scalable, low-cost, high yield, processes. An approach to significantly reduce costs and increase reliability is to interconnect individual cells series via monolithic integration.


Abstract Spray drying is the main process for production of powdered products from liquid sources. One way to reduce energy consumption of spray drying processes is preconcentration of feed liquids by using more energy efficient techniques, such as membrane reactors or falling film evaporators. As feed viscosity increases with dry matter content, efficient atomization at high viscosities is necessary. In contrast to standard pressure swirl (PS) atomizers, Air-Core-Liquid-Ring atomization may be an option. Experiments on a pilot scale show its high potential for application in spray drying processes as feed dry matter content may be increased up to 50% compared to PS atomization. The theoretical energy savings associated with the 50% feed solids increment is about 29%. Further investigations are required to assess the complexity, the practicality and the potential benefits for industrial-scale operations.


This paper discusses constructions IN Brazilian Portuguese in which the verb ver 'to see' can be a full verb with the meaning 'to verify' or can be a pragmatic marker. The hypothesis defended here is that these readings are related to two different structures. Constructions with the meaning of 'to verify' are treated as biclausal structures, whereas constructions with ver functioning as a pragmatic marker are analyzed as monoclausal structures. Based Speas and Tenny (2003) and Hill (2007, 2014), who assume the existence of a Speech Act Phrase (SAP), a projection associated with the speech act and visible for the syntactic computation, we propose that, when acts as a pragmatic marker, ver is an expression that underwent a process of linguistic change called pragmaticalization (Erman and Kotsinas 1993; Dostie 2004; Dievald 2011) and, as a consequence, is externally merged into the head of SAP, a projection at the interface of syntax with conversational pragmatics. --- DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2017.v13n2a13509


Using classical Bayesian decision theory and hypothesis- test method with reference to problem ofdistributed decision fusion,an important limitation is lack of flexibility since the method can't distinguish be-tween uncertainty and unknowing. Though Dempster-Shafer theory may satisfy requirement of flexibility,but it lacks rigorousness in the axiomatic definition of evidence through independent experiments. Thus,more effective method is demanded.Thomopoulos had presented a new Generalized Evidence Processing(GEP)theory. He attempted to unify the Bayesian theory with the Dampster-Shafer theory.In this paper,we present a new Double-Head Test(DHT)method that was derived by improving Neyman- Pearson test. The DHT is more applicable than GEP because DHT needn' t exact knowledge of the a -prior probabilities of the tested hypotheses.


Background: Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit) is an underutilized plant in the family Oxalidaceae . The plant has various pharmacological activities and has fleshy juicy fruit with high nutritional value and is rich in vitamins. Objectives: This study aims to authenticate and examine the evolutionary relationships between various Averrhoa taxa. Materials and Methods: The species identification was verified using the well-established DNA barcoding method. For this, a few predetermined loci including rpoB, matK, atpF-atpH, and rbcL were employed. Results: Amplicons were observed with a molecular weight of 450bp, 950bp, 800bp, and 650bp respectively as reported earlier. The sequences of these loci were submitted to NCBI. The sequences were approved with accession numbers MN447319, MN733917, MT195537, and MT195538 respectively. The amplified loci of the species and related taxa of the genus were compared using bioinformatics tools. 204 numbers of SNPs/indels were identified out of which some are unique for the species. K2P analysis showed that the maximum intraspecific distance (1.3%) was lower than the minimum interspecific distance (2.6%). Conclusion: Among the different universal barcoding loci, matK was found to be most informative in terms of the occurrence of SNPs and genetic distance. So, the information can be utilized for species authentication in the family Oxalidaceae .


The purpose of this study was to understand research on raising method of the re-building fund which leads an opinion of a high rise apartment resident in Kangnam-gu and Seocho-gu. Songpa-gu. Based on the analysis of the 406 observations. the following results were found. First. it was found that the rise apartment resident and method of re-building fund were significantly correlated. Second. the rise apartment resident of Songpa-gu were significantly correlated. Third. the method of re-building fund and cognition of re-building nesserary were significantly correlated.


Objective
To investigatethe relationship between urinary catecholamine levels and type Ⅱ diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy.

Methods
Allsubjects were collected fromTongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,and were divided into two groups: type Ⅱ diabetic patients (For 24 h urine, n=130, aged 27-81 years old, 75 men, 55 female; for random urine, n=115, aged 27-77 years old, 75 men, 40 female) and healthy control (For 24 h urine, n=118, aged 27-76 years old, 67 men, 51 female; for random urine, n=93, aged 25-74 years old, 57 men, 36 female).Based on the results of urinary albumin excretion, type Ⅱ diabetic patients were prospectively divided into two independent groups: patients with nephropathy (For 24 h urine, n=37; for random urine, n=32) and patients without nephropathy (For 24 h urine, n=32; for random urine, n=35). According to questionnaires, quantitative sensory testing and autonomic function test, type Ⅱ diabetic patients were divided into two different groups: patients with neuropathy (For 24 h urine, n=31; for random urine, n=23) and patients without neuropathy (For 24 h urine, n=30; for random urine, n=35). Urinary catecholamines(CAs) levels, including epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and total catecholamines (total CAs) levels, were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The CAs levels in different groups have been discussed. The results were analyzed using χ2 test, independent t test and Mann-Whitney non-parametric test.

Results
Type Ⅱ diabetic patients with nephropathy show lower E (0.74±0.24) μg/24 h, NE(9.22±4.02) μg/24 h, DA(64.77±21.68) μg/24 h and total CAs(74.72±25.65) μg/24 h in 24-hour urine in comparison with the group without nephropathy(For E, 4.23±0.50 μg/24 h, U=10, P<0.001; for NE, (32.31±1.74) μg/24 h, t=-2.72, P=0.011; for DA, (219.58±27.51) μg/24 h, t=-2.88, P=0.007; fro CAs, (256.02±30.65) μg/24 h, t=-3.02, P=0.005) and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences of NE, DA and total CAs between type Ⅱ diabetic patients with nephropathyand without nephropathy were statistically significant in random urine(P<0.05).

Conclusion
These results suggested that urine CAs levels in diabetic patients with nephropathy is lower than that in patients without nephropathy, which may be related to the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy.

Key words:
Diabetic nephropathies; Diabetic neuropathies; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Catecholamines; Chromatography, liquid; Tandem mass spectrometry


Using thrustwall pressure integration method and force sensor method synchronously, the average thrust characteristics of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) mockup operated in variety frequencies were investigated experimentally.Three mixing chambers were designed and used in the multicycle detonation experiments in order to observe the mixing chamber effect on average thrust of PDE mockup.The average thrust values obtained by thrustwall pressure integration method and force sensor method were contrasted and analyzed.The results indicated that the average thrust of the PDE mockup increased linearly as the operating frequency increased.The average thrust obtained by thrustwall pressure integration method was bigger than that obtained by the force sensor method in the same operating case.As the operating frequency increased,the ratio of average thrust obtained by force sensor method and thrustwall pressure integration method increased.Each of the average thrust of PDE mockup with mixing chamber 2 was larger slightly than that of mixing chamber 3 when the force sensor method was used at the several operating frequencies.Meanwhile,each of the PDE average thrust with mixing chamber 3 was larger than that of mixing chamber 1 and 2 when thrustwall pressure integration method was used.


Abstract The enzyme-dependent production of cross-linked collagen and the lysine-derived cross-link precursor allysine (α-aminoadipic δ-semialdehyde) has been demonstrated. The enzyme, lysyl oxidase, was extracted from embryonic chick cartilage and was inhibited by the lathyrogen β-aminopropionitrile. Cross-linking of collagen was indicated by production of a β12 component of collagen and insoluble collagen in the samples incubated with lysyl oxidase. Allysine production was observed in both α1 and α2 chains. Approximately three times as much was present in the α1 as in the α2 chain. The only lysyl residue that was found to be converted to allysine in the α1 chain was Residue 9 from the amino-terminal end. Since this is the residue that is converted in vivo and β-aminopropionitrile inhibits the conversion in vivo, it is concluded that lysyl oxidase is the physiologically active enzyme necessary for the first step in the cross-linking of collagen.


ICT's contribution to economic growth is mainly achieved by its use in the firms. Use of ICT is likely to stimulate the extensive and intensive development of the production and services sector. Regarding the extensive development, ICT provides the opportunity for Romanian companies to access new regional or global markets, or to promote and sell products and services electronically. Intensive development is due to decreased production management and disposal costs, due to the use of ICT, which can result in a significant increase in productivity of the factors used.


Objective To investigate effects of compatibility of Radix Astragali,Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cellline SMMC-7721.Methods SMMC-7721 cells in 96 holes board were cultivated.SMMC-7721 cells were treated with compatibility of Radix Astragali,Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae.The inhibition rates of SMMC-7721 cells were detected by MTT assay,and cell apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry analysis.Result Compatibility of Radix Astragali,Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae had a significantly inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721cells in a dose and time dependent manner.Also it could induce necrosis of SMMC-7721 cells compared with control group.In middle and high dose group of drug,necrosis rates had extremely significant difference compared with the control group(P 0.01).Conclusion Compatibility of Radix Astragali,Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae could inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells by inducing cell necrosis.


This work presents an overview of the LN-FDTD method (FDTD in local and nonorthogonal coordinate system) to solve Maxwell's Equations. This method has been used to simulate curved grounding structures. Results are obtained by employing the presented methodology and they are compared to reference equations available in literature.


Optics has long been associated with the science of precise measurement. Indeed, interferometry has been used for the determination of length and displacement for nearly a century and the laser has made automatic measurement possible over many metres with submicrometre and even subnanometre resolution.


We consider a mathematical model that describes the dynamic evolution of damage in elastic-thermo-viscoplastic materials with displacement- traction, and Neumann and Fourier boundary conditions. We derive a weak formulation of the system consisting of a motion equation, an energy equation, and an evolution damage inclusion. This system has an integro-dierenti al variational equation for the displacement and the stress fields, and a varia- tional inequality for the damage field. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution, and the positivity of the temperature.


In a vehicle theft preventing device that is used in a chargeable vehicle, a prohibition request signal, that requests the prohibition of execution of vehicle function is transmitted from a terminal to the vehicle when power is received by the vehicle. The vehicle theft preventing device disallows authentication using a key when the prohibition request signal is received from the terminal. The authentication using the key is disallowed unless the authentication is enabled by the terminal.


Grand Theft Auto (GTA) games are highly successful, in terms of sales, and their content is part of an explicit business strategy which aims to exploit the latest technologies and platforms to develop content aimed at adult game players in certain markets. By all accounts this has been a highly successful strategy with the GTA franchise selling more than 30 million units across platforms by 2004, even before Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (GTA SA) was launched in late 2004 (Take Two Interactive 2004). The latter was the top selling console game in the USA and in the top ten in the UK in 2005. At the same time the GTA series are arguably the most maligned of game products in many markets attracting much negative commentary and numerous legal actions in the USA. This chapter argues that the GTA case demonstrates a key tension within the cultural industries between the need to maximise sales globally and the need to conform to, or be seen to conform to, local distribution, social and moral systems. At the same time the story demonstrates that despite the widespread rhetoric of free trade and the dismantling of state sanctioned censorship systems in the USA, most parts of Europe and Australia, the censorship of cultural products continues and is perhaps a less overt, but nonetheless, highly political, socially negotiated and nationally specific process. GTA games are produced by a network of companies in the UK and in the USA. While the games continue to outsell other games in the USA, the UK and Ireland in particular, the content and increasing realism of the most recent games provoke a strong and largely negative discourse from powerful stakeholders like politicians, parents and the media in those same countries. The resulting discourse revolves around different perceptions of risk, particularly to minors, of adult interactive media content and of the openness of game content and technology. Despite the fact that the industry is largely self-regulated 1 these perceptions have, in some contexts, forced voluntary regulatory bodies to intervene and censor both the


The development of a national audiovisual industry into a domestic and Ibero-American market scope in diverse exhibit screens, for the main ten countries of Unasur, faces new limitations and possibilities in a digitized and global environment. This is an analysis on the results of the five-year period 2010-2014, in terms of film premieres, public assistance, and the relationship among exhibited films by country of origin. The availability of various formats is addressed, and also the policies about Virtual Print Fee and screen quotas, in an unresolved integration of mechanisms for cooperation and joint regulation that effectively impact on the diversity offered and the consumption habits.


APER chromatography used routinely for examining corticosteroids P is time consuming and relatively insensitive. Thin-layer chromatography is simple and useful for handling a number of samples rapidly. In conjunction with 2,5-diphenyl-3(4-styrylphenyl)tetrazolium (Brooks & others, 1958) as a spray reagent, it is capable of detecting less than 1 pg of corticosteroid (0.25 pg of cortisone acetate). Two solvent systems are described which allow the separation of closely related substances. Two analyses using these systems suffice to identify and separate the corticoids in accordance with the results listed in Table 1.


The directed assembly of nano-objects into specific locations will allow for the fabrication of electronic devices that utilize the unique properties of the nano-objects. One method to assemble nano-objects into gaps uses the dielectrophorectic (DEP) force via the application of an alternating field [1-2]. Here, we demonstrate the assembly of gold nanoparticles into nanogaps (15-100 nm in width) that are fabricated by electron beam lithography. Nanoparticle assembly is achieved by applying an AC field across the nanogaps after a drop of an aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles has been placed over the device. The assembly is characterized by SEM, AFM, and post-assembly electrical measurements. The number of nanoparticles that assemble in the gap is studied as a function of the applied AC field, the concentration of the nanoparticle solution, and assembly time with a goal of the assembly of a single particle in a gap. Preassembly modification of the gold surfaces using a dithiol self-assembled monolayer results in a significant increase in DEP assembly as the surface-bound thiol groups bind the gold particles to the substrate. Theoretical modeling of the dielectrophorectic force on nanoparticles in comparison to their thermal motion is used to predict the experimental conditions for the assembly of a single particle.


Between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, Britain established an empire that covered one-fifth of the earth's surface while France acquired vast swathes of territory in Africa, North America and Asia. By the late 1960s, however, both these great powers had lost or decolonised almost all of their colonial possessions, barring a handful of UK Dependent Territories and French Overseas Departments (Départements et Territoires d'Outre-Mer). Britain's and France's colonial legacies have nonetheless lived on. This is clear from the fact that most former dependencies have retained English or French as an official language alongside British or French-style legal, political and education systems. Yet perhaps a more poignant reminder of UK and French imperial glory has come in the form of high-level diplomatic summits involving member states of these former empires. These regular francophone and Commonwealth gatherings have inevitably been viewed by Britain and France as a means of preserving their identities as great powers. The extent to which they have served this purpose, in the post-colonial era (c.1957–1989) and in the post Cold War period (1990–2003), will be the focus of this survey.


Hewlett-Packard, Computer Products Organization (CPO) has launched a product stewardship program with an overall objective to provide products and services that are environmentally sound throughout their life cycle and to conduct operations worldwide in an environmentally responsible manner. A set of metrics or measurement tools was needed to help drive product and process improvements and to provide management an easy method to review and measure progress. The metrics should be easy to use, pragmatic and noncontroversial. The metrics are used to set product specific objectives and provide a method to measure percentage improvement above a baseline. The metrics can be used with product, packaging, consumables, learning products, (manuals, etc.) and manufacturing processes.<<ETX>>


As a general rule, the conquest of rights and individual warranties implies the defendant's freedom for which it has not been undermined a presumption of innocence. Nevertheless, the social control immersed in Criminal Law demonstrates that The Institute of Preventive Detention is the one who imposes based on plural justifications, but emphasizing solely and exclusively on the need faced with the risk that the accused's behavior poses to the community. This purpose, has changed its paradigm in the judicial Colombian perform through the seriousness and modality of criminal offense, the damages incurred, social impact and future expectation. These changes are perceived from the Law 906 of 2004 procedure as regulatory of Legislative Act 03 of 2002 which redefined the content of the Article 250, Law 1142 of 2007, Law 1453 of 2011 and the recent Law 1760 of 2015. This topic fluctuates between an apparent framework of criminal policy and dogmatic patterns in the evolution of the rational choice theory, appearing as these all above were taken into account at the moment of pre-trial detention, mixtures between the criminal law of the "act" and the perpetrator facing the future expectation. Although it is exotic, this last one stage is entirely vague and indeterminate. All within the same procedural criminal model denominated accusatory, but also with an adversarial propensity.


Aim of this study was to examine the existence of  sexual dimorphism of the first permanent maxillary molars in the population of central Bosnia. The sample for the study comprised 94 subjects with intact crowns of the first permanent maxillary molars, without orthodontic anomalies. Mesiodistal and buccopalatal diameters were measured on the plaster models, based on calculated variables: robustness index or crown area (IRC) and sexual dimorphism (SD). Linear dimensions of the first permanent maxillary molars, as well as the IRC exhibited sexual dimorphism with larger values in males, except MD diameter on the left side. The greatest sexual dimorphism demonstrates IRC from the right. Linear dimensions of the first permanent maxillary molars and IRC can be used for sex determination in population of Central Bosnia.


Based on a review of psychological contracts researches at home and abroad,the author surveyed 1000 tourism consumers in 40 tourism enterprises concerning hotel,travel agency,food and beverage enterprise in Chengdu,Xi'an,Kunming,Chongqing,Shenzhen,Hangzhou,Shanghai and Beijing with a self-made questionnaire.The survey aims at exploring the dimensions and correlation of psychological contract between the tourism enterprises and tourism consumers.The paper applies SPSS to make Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)of responsibilities of tourism enterprises and that of tourism consumers.It confirms the theoretical assumptions about two-dimensional structure of psychological contracts between enterprises and consumers.The paper ends with an analysis of the internal relationship of the psychological contract structure between the tourism enterprises and tourism consumers by using multiple regression analysis method.


Review of: Memory and Intermediality in Artists' Moving Image, Sarah Durcan (2021)Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 250 pp., ISBN 978-3-03047-395-2, h/bk, £79.99


occasionally Patman tries to get too much out of the material; we are now learning that not everything published in the 197os had the imprimatur of authority. However, he does not do this very often, and he does give us a neat bit of Sovietology in linking plausibly the Horn events with the Brezhnev-Podgorny power struggle. He also, it seems to me, overplays the Soviet objective of a Pax Sovietica in the region. Although there was the one attempt (by Fidel Castro in 1977) to achieve this, Soviet attempts to establish good relations with both Ethiopia and Somalia cannot be assumed necessarily to have this objective especially after 1987. However, these quibbles should not be allowed to get in the way of appreciation of a fine piece of research. The book nicely links global, regional, and local factors in explaining Soviet actions and the results of those actions. Despite its preoccupation with Soviet policy, it avoids the trap of seeing events only from a superpower perspective; it demonstrates that in the Horn (as elsewhere in the Third World), it is just as often the 'clients' who manipulate the 'patrons' as the reverse. Patman also demonstrates that the complex interaction of Soviet objectives, cost/risk analyses, and the opportunities created by regional actors following their own interests, which jointly lead to Soviet foreign policy, do not necessarily lead to a 'rational' consistent set of policies. The interventions in Somalia and Ethiopia, he concludes, were successful in the short run, but each carried with it seeds of its failure, in that it aroused concerns and hostilities while being unable to satisfy the needs of the target country.


(1992). In Limbo: Edward Hance and the Cockerton Judgement, 1901. Journal of Educational Administration and History: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 35-46.


The three‐dimensional structure of rust haustoria has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rust infected leaves were fixed and embedded in Spurr's resin as for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cut surface of blocks containing embedded material was etched with sodium ethoxide and examined in the SEM.


A study was conducted to assess the positive benefits of a combination of trans cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acupuncture or individual treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Results showed that patients receiving a combination therapy reported maximum benefits and relief from pain besides improved knee function.


To improve the wettability and adherence of Al_2O_(3(sf))/Al composites,the approach by matrix alloying is proposed.The alloying element has to meet both of the following requierements:1.It should be able to reduce the surface tension of molten aluminum,namely,Γ_MΓ_(Al);2.The oxide of M has more negative standard free energy than Al_2O_3,namely ΔG(()M_xO_y())ΔG(()Al_2O_3).The proposal has been proved experimentally with the result that Mg has enhanced the wettability,La promoted wettability further,but the compound of RE is not found at the surface.


The principal effect of Chengdu Road stormwater retention tank is to intercept and store the initial stormwater from the service area of Chengdu Road so as to reduce the river discharge volume and load of pump station during heavy rainfall.The calculation methods of the retention tank volume and the design methods of the tank body,the tank bottom and the inflow and outflow systems are introduced in detail.The reasonable operation mode of the retention tank is put forward.By analyzing the operation efficiency of the retention tank during the rainfall period in 2007,the key factors influencing the efficiency of the retention tank are expounded,and the rationalized suggestions to exert its greater efficiency are made.


The diagnosis of consciousness has always been a major challenge in clinical diagnosis. Resent researches prove that machine learning has a powerful ability to distinguish between minimally conscious state (MCS) and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). What's more, convolutional neural network has made great progress in electroencephalography (EEG) analysis of other disorders. As a result, an improved 1D-convolutional neural network structure has been proposed for outcome prediction, using resting-state EEG signals from patients with disorders of consciousness. The model is established by training 690 EEG segments from 34 of MCS and 35 of UWS diagnosed by Coma Recovery Scale – Revised. The experimental results show that the accuracy, positive predictive value, specificity and sensitivity of the improved model in our research are 88.84%, 85.59%, 86.79% and 91.22%, respectively. It shows that our improved model has better performance than the model without Batch Normalization layer, as well as the model with deep graph convolutional neural network. The improved 1D-convolutional neural network model in this study can be used as an auxiliary medical method for clinical diagnosis and detection of consciousness disorders. More profoundly, it could drive the development of robust expert systems in other neurological diseases.


ABSTRACT Context: A disaster is indiscriminate in whom it affects. Limited research has shown that the poor and medically underserved, especially in rural areas, bear an inequitable amount of the burden. Objective: To review the literature on the combined effects of a disaster and living in an area with existing health or health care disparities on a community's health, access to health resources, and quality of life. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review using the following search terms: disaster, health disparities, health care disparities, medically underserved, and rural. Our inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed, US studies that discussed the delayed or persistent health effects of disasters in medically underserved areas. Results: There has been extensive research published on disasters, health disparities, health care disparities, and medically underserved populations individually, but not collectively. Conclusions: The current literature does not capture the strain of health and health care disparities before and after a disaster in medically underserved communities. Future disaster studies and policies should account for differences in health profiles and access to care before and after a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:30-38)


A device (1) for providing information comprises a means (11) for detecting an observed object, and an information output unit (41) and outputs, from the information output unit (41), information about an observed object, represented by the device (11 ) has been detected for detecting an observed object. The apparatus (11) for detecting an observed object comprises: a Sichtlinienerkenner (21) for detecting a line of sight of a driver; a Objekterkenner (22) for detecting an object that is on a line of sight of a driver, based on the direction of the sight line, which has been recognized by the Sichtlinienerkenner (21), on a current position of a vehicle and map information; and a calculator (23) an observed object for determining, among objects which have been detected by the Objekterkenner (22) of an observed object which is observed by a driver, based on time for which the object is on a line of sight. This allows an object that is observed by a driver, to be detected, even if there is no release of the driver.


Calculations are carried out to show the effects of finite switching times of head fields and of recording media on recorded transition widths. In both cases the transition widths are increased and these effects are captured in simple analytical expressions.


After studying the features of the surface water of Hongsheng Coal Group,and based on the actual hydro-geological conditions,the paper systematically analyzes the water danger types and proposes some corresponding preventive measures.


An interactive processing system is described for modeling and visualizing the potential impacts of hazardous materials released into the atmosphere using the Science Applications International Corporation's (SAIC) OMEGA atmospheric transport and weather forecast modeling system in conjunction with Autometric Incorporated's EDGE 3D whole Earth visualization and data analysis environment. Collectively, OMEGA and EDGE can be utilized for a host of practical atmospheric transport applications ranging from site planning and assessment to event-based analysis and prediction to real-time operational monitoring associated with various phenomena including volcanic eruptions, wildfires, earthquakes, industrial accidents, nuclear testing, etc. This paper documents two actual events, one a reactor accident at a nuclear power plant in Japan and the other a recycling accident at a steel plant in Spain, in which hazardous materials may have been released into the atmosphere and both serve to demonstrate the value of the OMEGA and EDGE system. The OMEGA and EDGE system is currently being used to support the worldwide Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) by assessing the potential source regions and impacts of hazardous materials that may be released into the atmosphere as the result of a nuclear test or accident.


: This paper is Part II of a study advocating the use of the scientific method for conducting design research. Part I critically reviewed General Design Theory (GDT)—a formal theory of design—and discussed its influence on the construction of design support systems. This part presents an experimental system built based on the guidelines set by GDT. It evaluates the experimental system and compares the theory and the experimental approaches. The comparison generates recommendations for enhancements of the experimental system and refinements to the theory. These recommendations complete a single, successful scientific cycle of this research. The recommendations that are grounded in testings show the benefits from subscribing to the scientific method of conducting design research.


- The depth resolution of sputter depth profiling has been analysed using Ni-Cr multilayer structures. A new method has been developed to quantify the results. The depth resolu tion measured using polycrystalline metallic layers is strongly influenced by mutual diffusion of the layers. depth resolution of depth profiling SIMS, AES, depth the


Purpose : This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antiproliferation, atoptosis of Sam-nueng(Sparganii Rhizoma) extract using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Methods : MCF-7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12(DMEM/F12) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum(FB...


This article provides the theoretical and conceptual grounding for understanding how critical race theory (CRT), as a discourse of liberation, can be used as a methodological and epistemological tool to expose the ways that race and racism affect the lives of Blacks in the United States, post-Obama. To that extent, the goal is threefold. First, CRT is adequately defined by situating it within a specific sociohistorical context. Further, an argument is presented for why there is a need for CRT in current racial discourse. In doing so, a discussion is presented of why the term postracial is meaningless as a critique. Finally, the current racial discourse in the Obama presidency is examined, including his attempt to discuss race in a nuanced way that placates Whites and panders to Blacks, some of whom are so caught up in the symbolism of his presidency that they are willing to collude with many Whites who do not want a Black president but a president who happens to be Black. But the devil is in the details. As such, the case is made that Obama's racial bargaining—as in the metaphorical Faustian bargain—is dangerous and tantamount to a deal with the devil.


Rosacea is a common facial skin disorder mainly affecting middle‐aged adults. Its aetiology is unknown and pathogenesis uncertain. Activation of the host innate immune response has been identified as an important factor. The Demodex mite population in the skin of rosacea patients is significantly higher than in patients with normal skin, suggesting that they may be of aetiological importance in this disorder.


It is shown that liposomes containing (i) a fluo- rescein-labeled murine histocompatibility antigen (FITC-H-2Kk) and the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus or (ii) H-2Kk and fluorescein-labeled viral protein (FITC-G) can elicit H-2-re- stricted syngeneic antiviral cytotoxic T cells as assayed by 5lCr release from appropriate virus-infected target cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to measure the diffusion coefficients of these reconstituted proteins in four different sam- ples: (i) FITC-H-2Kk; ii) FITC-H-2Kk and G; (iii) FITC-G; and (iv) FITC-G and H-2K. The same rate of lateral diffusion (D = 1 x 10'8 cm2/sec at 37'C in 25% cholesterol/75% dimyristoyl- phosphatidylcholine) was obtained in every case. Both proteins, fluorescent as well as nonfluorescent, could be patched by using specific antibodies. When G'was patched with antibody, FITC-H- 2Kk did not copatch. When H-2Kk was patched with antibody, FITC-G did not copatch. These diffusion and patching measure- ments rule out the possibility that these proteins have either There is now much evidence that virus-specific cytotoxic T lym- phocytes (CTL) are dually specific for virus and for self cell sur- face antigens encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (1). Effector lymphocytes sensitized against virus-infected cells of a given haplotype will lyse virus-infected cells of the same haplotype with much higher efficiency than virus-infected cells of a different haplotype. A similar restriction holds for the af- ferent immune response. Virus-specific H-2-restricted second- ary elicitation of CTL has been demonstrated by using mem- brane fragments as well as reconstituted membranes (2-11). These studies show that both viral protein and H-2 antigen must be present in the same reconstituted membrane in order to elicit the cellular response. Three models can be considered, based on alternative hy- pothetical structures for the T-cell receptor(s). In one model, a specific molecular complex between viral protein and trans- plantation antigen preexists in the target membrane before in- teraction with the T cell and is recognized by the T-cell recep- tor. In the second model, a close physical association of the two antigens is stabilized only during their interaction with the T- cell receptor. In the third model, no close physical or chemical association between viral protein and transplantation antigen exists prior to, or during, interaction with the T cell. (This is the two-receptor or "dual receptor" model.) The T-cell recep- tor(s) involved in the secondary elicitation of CTL is presumed to be on precytotoxic T cells or on T helper cells or on both. One biophysical approach to this problem is to use fluores- cently labeled membrane components so that'the distribution, motion, and interaction of these components can be studied by using optical techniques. In the work described here, purified G protein (G) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and purified H-2Kk protein were fluorescently labeled and reconstituted into cell-sized liposomes by a new technique. These reconsti- tuted membranes are recognized in an H-2-restricted manner by T lymphocytes. We have measured the lateral diffusion of fluorescently labeled.H-2Kk and G in these liposomes by the technique of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. The formation of large molecular aggregates of these proteins should affect their diffusion coefficients. In addition, antibody-me- diated copatching experiments were carried out to probe for strong specific binding between these two membrane proteins.


Investigating the time and spatial constraints under which visual and auditory stimuli are perceived as a unique percept or as spatially coincident has been a topic of numerous researches in neuroscience. However, these findings have been derived up to now in extremely simplified stimulation context consisting in the combination of elementary auditory and visual stimuli usually displayed in dark and anechoic conditions. The present experiment is conducted in a VR environment using a stereoscopic passive screen and binaural audio rendering. Auditory stimuli are displayed on headphones using individualized head‐related transfer functions and visual stimuli are integrated in a visual background in order to convey visual perspective. The experiment investigates the effect of a spatially disparate visual stimulus on the auditory localization judgments (crossmodal bias), as well as the relation between the magnitude of the crossmodal bias and the perception of a unified bi‐modal stimulus. The present study will...


Ablation of organic polymers (PES: polyether sulphone, PEEK: polyether ether ketone, and ETFE: ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) by an oscillation line of selected TEA CO2 lasers is successfully demonstrated. The ablative etch rate slopes were varied with different irradiation conditions such as incident laser intensity and ambient gas. As an application of the ablation processing, spatial periodic structure is fabricated on the surface of the PEEK film by two-beam interference irradiation of the TEA CO2 laser. It is found that the fluorocopolymer modified by copolymerization has a significant absorption in the oscillating wavelength region of the TEA CO2 laser and it can be ablated efficiently.


This study investigates the influence of recycled fine aggregates (RFA) and waste concrete powder (WCP) on the compressive strength of concrete. The response surface methodology is employed, considering three factors: the content of WCP, the water–cement ratio, and the replacement ratio of recycled fine aggregates. Compressive tests are conducted at different ages (3 days, 28 days, and 90 days). A statistical approach is used to establish a response surface model for compressive strength and to verify its fitting with experimental results. By combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, including morphological analysis of SEM images, stratified binarization statistics, and fractal dimension calculations, the mechanisms of the effects of singly and doubly mixed RFA and WCP on the compressive strength of concrete are analyzed. The results show that an increase in the content of WCP from 5% to 15% gradually improves the compressive strength of the concrete. The water–cement ratio significantly affects the compressive strength, with an optimal ratio of 0.43. Replacement with less than 33% fine aggregates does not significantly reduce the compressive strength of the concrete. The concrete specimens with singly mixed fine aggregates exhibit the largest pore area after stratified grayscale binarization, while those with doubly mixed aggregates have the largest area of hydrated calcium silicate. Fractal analysis of the binarized images confirms a positive correlation between the fractal dimension of hydrated calcium silicate and compressive strength and a negative correlation between the fractal dimension of pores and compressive strength.


As the online catalog continues to be developed and refined, the question arises as to how the traditional subject analysis tools, the Library of Congress Subject Headings, the Library of Congress Classification, and the Dewey Decimal Classification, can be most effectively adapted to the online environment. This article examines the limitations and potentials of these tools and the challenges of incorporating them online. The traditional and potential functions of these tools, the requirements for their becoming efficient online cataloging and retrieval tools, and recent developments toward these goals are discussed


It is the purpose of this communication to lay special stress on the value of protein (leterminations in the cerebro-spinal fluid both on account of the rapidity with which they can be(done and the information they yield if properly interpreted. Two specimens should be provided so that there may be a second tube to work on while the first is left in the incubator undisturbed for the formation of coagulum.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in military and scientific research. Some miniaturized UAVs rely entirely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation. GPS is vulnerable to accidental or deliberate interference that can cause it to fail. It is not unusual, even in a benign environment, for a GPS outage to occur for periods of seconds to minutes. For UAVs relying solely on GPS for navigation such an event can be catastrophic. This paper proposes an extended Kalman filter approach to estimate the location of a UAV when its GPS connection is lost, using inter-UAV distance measurements. The results from a recent trial conducted by DSTO in Australia with three UAVs are presented. It is shown that the location of a manoeuvering UAV that has lost the GPS signal can be determined to an accuracy of within 40m of its true location simply by measuring the range to two other UAVs at known location, where the range measurement error has a zero mean and a standard deviation of 10m.


Area coloring is the essential trait of the rural literature:"Earth" is not only realistic material background of the story-going,but also the symbol of our national historic culture.Rural literature writers must stand on it and surpass it,then they can discover deep and universal points of the rural life which has been an important part of human life.In this new historic era,a rural writer must be open to learn from many aspects,such as literature concepts,performing contents and performing methods,to change and renew,to persist in folk stands,to get deep into life,to expose difficult changes during the modernization process of the "rural areas" and "rural people"in rural China with depth,to work out excellent novels which are worthy of the times.


An oviposition stimulant is associated with Aedes togoi 4th-instar larvae. This stimulant may be bacterial metabolites, larval excretory products that mimic naturally occurring stimulants produced by plants or animals, or compounds of larval origin that are produced specifically to aid gravid females in identifying pools suitable for preadult development. Ae. togoi pupae do not produce an oviposition stimulant or attractant. The stimulative or attractive quality of water in which Ae. togoi pupae have been held is due to bacterial contamination.


Abstract This work demonstrates an efficient way to prepare chiral propargylic alcohols by asymmetric addition of terminal Zn-acetylide to aldehydes catalyzed by bifunctional zinc-based complexes. The corresponding products with moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities were obtained in the absence of moisture-sensitive Ti(O i Pr)4. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Significance γ-Secretase is a conserved and ubiquitous intramembrane-cleaving protease (I-CLiP). Its normal function is required for proper notch signaling, and its processing of amyloid precursor protein is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Although γ-secretase has over 90 reported substrates, little is known about the mechanism by which γ-secretase recruits its substrates while at the same time distinguishing substrate from nonsubstrate within the protein-crowded environment of cellular membranes. In contrast to previous studies, our data demonstrate that substrate transmembrane domain drives its interaction with γ-secretase. We find that the γ-secretase component nicastrin acts to sterically block substrates with large ectodomains from interacting with γ-secretase, providing the mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recruits ectodomain-shed substrates while also preventing cleavage of nonsubstrates. γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate's ectodomain by α- or β-secretases. The mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin component of γ-secretase, we find that substrate ectodomain is entirely dispensable for cleavage. Instead, γ-secretase–substrate binding is driven by an apparent tight-binding interaction derived from substrate transmembrane domain, a mechanism in stark contrast to rhomboid—another family of intramembrane-cleaving proteases. Disruption of the nicastrin fold allows for more efficient cleavage of substrates retaining longer ectodomains, indicating that nicastrin actively excludes larger substrates through steric hindrance, thus serving as a molecular gatekeeper for substrate binding and catalysis.


Constitutional developments in the Commonwealth of Nations and in India have occupied so much of the public stage since the War that the main facts and problems of those two sections of the British Empire are relatively well understood. But there is a third section which is not so often in the limelight and about which most people in Great Britain know little and most people in the Dominions (so I am told) know scarcely anything at all. Yet it is a world in itself, this "Colonial"or "Dependent" Empire: it covers more than three million square miles, a bigger space than Europe; it contains over sixty million inhabitants, six times the population of Canada; and among them are representatives of most of the varied races which make up mankind-white men, black men, brown men, yellow men, Europeans, Africans, Arabs, Indians, Malays, Chinese, Polynesians. Scattered over continents and oceans, its manifold and diverse communities have nothing to unite them, nothing in which they all share, except their common all...


The test rig for vehicle has been developed in order to test and evaluate endurance performance of emission. Microcomputer control system and automation technique of pneumatic and electric technology combined is adopted for the rig to make it possessing functions of intellective control, automatic test, automatic data collection, storage, pro- cessing and automatic curve drawing as well as printing. Main construction design and working principle of the test rig is presented.


The objective of this work was to determine if tin could be removed from liquid steel by a combination of deep injection of calcium and a reducing top-slag practice. The work was carried out in three stages: injection of Ca wire into 35 Kg heats in an induction furnace under laboratory condition; a fundamental study of the solubility of Sn in the slag as a function of oxygen potential, temperature and slag composition; and, two full-scale plant trials. During the first stage, it was found that 7 to 50% of the Sn was removed from initial Sn contents of 0.1%, using 8 to 16 Kg of calcium per tonne of steel. The Sn solubility study suggested that low oxygen potential, high basicity of the slag and lower temperature would aid Sn removal by deep injection of Ca in the bath. However, two full-scale trials at the LMF station in Dofasco's plant showed virtually no Sn removal, mainly because of very low Ca consumption rates used (0.5 to 1.1 Kg/tonne vs. 8 to 16 Kg/tonne used during the induction furnace study in the laboratory). Based on the current price of Ca, addition of 8 to 16 Kg/tonne of steel to remove Sn is too cost prohibitive, and therefore, it is not worthwhile to pursue this process further, even though it may be technically feasible.


Considering the manufacturing of automotive components, there exists a dilemma around the substitution of traditional Cast Iron (CI) with lighter metals. Nowadays, aluminium alloys, being lighter compared to traditional materials, are considered as a more environmentally friendly solution. However, the energy required for the extraction of the primary materials and manufacturing of components is usually not taken into account in this debate. In this study, an extensive literature review has been performed to estimate the overall energy required for the manufacturing of an engine cylinder block using (a) cast iron and (b) aluminium alloys. Moreover, data from over 100 automotive companies, ranging from mining companies to consultancy firms, have been collected in order to support the soundness of this investigation. The environmental impact of the manufacturing of engine blocks made of these materials is presented with respect to the energy burden; the "cradle-to-grave approach" has been implemented to take into account the energy input of each stage of the component lifecycle starting from the resource extraction and reaching to the end-of-life processing stage. Our results indicate that although aluminium components contribute towards reduced fuel consumption during their use phase, the vehicle distance needed to be covered in order to compensate for the up-front energy consumption related to the primary material production and manufacturing phases is very high. Thus, the substitution of traditional materials with lightweight ones in the automotive industry should be very thoughtfully evaluated.


Use of microorganisms as novel and eco-friendly approach for biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by exploiting the reducing and thermodynamically efficient molecular mechanisms of Halomonas salina is reported in the present work. The biosynthesis was significantly impacted by both pH and temperature of the reactants. At lower temperature (30oC) the optimum parameters were pH 9 and 100 ppm of aurochlorate salt for fabrication of thermodynamically stable isotropic nanostructures. Whereas under same conditions pH 4, resulted into anisotropic orchestration of biogenically derived gold nanoparticles of size 30 - 100 nm. The stability of gold nanoparticles was also studied using 5 M NaCl salt. The contribution of nitrate reductase in reducing the gold ions to gold nanoparticles was assayed biochemically. The nitrate reductase activity got drastically reduced from 1.21 mmole/min/ml supernatant to 0.23 mmole/min/ml supernatant; after biogenic fabrication of gold nanoparticles. The morphology and the crystal structure of the gold nanoparticles (GNP) were characterized using electron microscopy and X Ray Diffraction respectively. Keywords: Halomonas salina, Biosynthesis, Gold nanoparticles, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Stability, Nitrate reductase.


The frontiers of Portuguese America were in movement throughout the colonial period, as occurred in Minas Gerais. However, after the revolution of enslaved people in Saint-Domingue in 1791 and the consequent increase in sugar prices in international markets, there was an intense migratory flow to the colony's unoccupied, uninhabited regions. It was in this historical framework that Campinas, countryside of São Paulo, witnessed its free population increase by more than five times in addition to the slave population being increased by ten times. Thus, this article aims to investigate the migration of sugar producers to Campinas and to understand how the origins of these individuals explain the formation of this sugar production complex. In this sense, there was a considerable migration of descendants of the colonial elite, especially those born in Itu and Minas Gerais


The present invention provides a coating composition containing a water-dispersible polymer and a water-dispersible polymer. Water-dispersible polymer (a) an epoxy compound having about two epoxy groups, for example epoxy resins; (B) (ⅰ) conjugated carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-carbon triple bonding site, and (ⅱ) cross-linked compound having a site capable of reacting with epoxy groups, for example, sorbic acid; And (c) acrylic monomers, at least which can be dispersed polymer having at least a portion, for example, have been manufactured from acrylic acid, epoxy portion (a) is polymerized by cross-linking compound (b) acrylic portion of this time, the polymer (c ) it is covalently bound to. The coating composition includes a carrier containing a vaporizable base, curing agent, and water for solubilizing the water-dispersible polymer, a polymer.


By saturation magnetization, Curie temperature, rotational hysteresis, and X-ray measurements the phase structure of the compounds of the CaxNi1–xFe2O4 system is investigated. It is found that the compounds in the range x ≦ 0.3 are solid solutions at the sintering temperature (1175 to 1250°C). The Ca ions show a preference for the tetrahedral sites. The solution in the range x ≦ 0.1 are stable at slow cooling. In the specimens with x ≥ 0.1 the CaFe4O7 phase precipitates during the slow cooling at sintering temperature.

Au moyen des mesures d'aimantation a saturation, de temperature de Curie, d'hysteresis de rotation et de difraction des rayons X on a etudie la structure de phase des composes du systeme CaxNi1–xFe2O4. On montre qu'a la temperature de fritage (1175 a 1250°C) les composes dans le domaine x ≦ 0,3 sont sous la forme de solution solide. Les ions de Ca manifestent une preference pour la disposition aux site tetraedriques. Les solution solids dans le domaine x ≦ 0,1 sont stable pendant le refroidissement lent. Dans les solutions avec x ≥ 0,1 la phase CaFe4O7 precipite pendant le refroidissement lent.


METAL AND SULFIDE REVEALED BY MICROCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. A.C. Hunt, G.K. Benedix and L. Howard. Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre (IARC), The Natural History Museum, Department of Mineralogy, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK. E-mail: email@example.com. IARC, Imperial College London, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK. The Natural History Museum, Department of Mineralogy, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.


Abstract For a long time, medievalists have discussed whether there were states in medieval Europe or not. German medievalists have got used to the idea that the political order of medieval societies is not to be analyzed in terms of state, security, or governance. The article argues that we should not push the medieval orders aside as "premodern", "strange", or "alien". Instead, the current shifts concerning the concepts of state, nation and security provide an opportunity to overcome the established dichotomy of premodernity vs. modernity as a pattern of interpretation. Thus, different historical forms of the organization of power and the production of security could be made accessible for present political debates.


A system, which allows computer input without keyboard, is proposed. The system utilizes display-mounted Web camera for acquisition of users face and also display-mounted lamp for illumination to users. It is found that the proposed system allows computer input almost perfectly (90%) if the distance between user and display is within 30cm and if keyboard image is displayed onto a 19 inch of computer display (5cm of key distance) with 40W of fluorescent light utilized normal illumination from both side of the display. It is also found that the proposed system allows user movement because moving picture of the user face acquires in a real time basis. The relation between allowable movement of the users' motion and success rate and the relation between signal to noise ratio as well as contrast of the acquired users' image and success rate are clarified.