This paper presents a novel approach to the on-line tracking of pulverised fuel during combustion. A specially designed flame detector containing three photodiodes is used to derive multiple signals covering a wide spectrum of the flame radiation front the infrared to ultraviolet regions through the visible band. Various flame features are extracted from the time and frequency domains. A back-propagation neural network is deployed to map the flame features to an individual type of fuel. The neural network has incorporated Principal Component Analysis to reduce the complexity of the network and hence its training time. Results obtained from experiments using eight different types of coal on a 0.5MW/sub th/ combustion test facility demonstrate that the approach is effective for the identification of the type of fuel being fired under steady combustion conditions and the success rate is greater than 93%.


The production and propagation of an electron beam from both a multi-gap and a small-scale single-gap pseudospark discharge are investigated. From a three-gap pseudospark, a beam up to 680 A was measured at the anode at an applied dc voltage of 23 kV. This beam can propagate downstream as far as 20 cm in a gaseous environment with no guiding magnetic field, which confirms that the transport of the electron beam was based on the neutralization of the space-charge of the electron beam due to the ionization of the gas molecules by the beam itself. The beam is of very small size of 1-3 mm in diameter and is ideal to drive high frequency radiation. Higher energy electron beam pulses were generated using a 14-gap pseudospark discharge powered by a cable pulser capable of producing 120 ns duration and 170 kV voltage pulses. The beam measured had a current of up to 110 A. A Ka-band Cherenkov maser and a W-band backward wave oscillator from the produced beam were simulated and experimentally studied. Millimeter wave pulses were detected successfully from both devices. In an effort to show the effects of scaling down the size of the pseudospark discharge on beam performance, a single-gap 1mm aperture pseudospark electron beam experiment was conducted, based on which a 206 GHz microklystron was designed and simulated.


Immobilized Viologen Polymer for Use in Direct Carbohydrate Fuel Cell Yining Pan Department of Chemical Engineering, BYU Master of Science Glucose and other carbohydrates are some of the most abundant renewable energy sources in the world. The oxidation of carbohydrates in a fuel cell allows their chemical energy to be converted directly into electrical energy. Viologen has been indentified and shows promising ability as an electron-transfer catalyst or mediator for carbohydrate oxidation in an alkaline carbohydrate fuel cell. Building on the previous results, the objective of this work was to develop an immobilization chemistry of viologen onto an electrode and to investigate the catalytic activity for carbohydrate oxidation in direct carbohydrate fuel cells. The immobilization was achieved by electropolymerizing a novel viologen monomer onto an electrode surface. The novel viologen monomer, which functions as a monosubstituted viologen, was synthesized and isolated in-house. Gold-plated nickel wire and graphite disks were used as the substrates for the electropolymerization. SEM, EDAX, XPS and water-contact-angle measurement were used to verify the formation of the coating on the gold and graphite surfaces. The catalytic activity of the immobilized viologen on graphite disk surface was examined using a fuel-cell-like device. The test was operated within the desired pH range for an operating fuel cell; it was found that the immobilized viologen polymer has a low catalytic activity toward oxidizing carbohydrates. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the novel viologen monomer were investigated by the method of cyclic voltammetry, as well as for that of two aminoviologens synthesized in-house. Redox potentials, diffusion coefficients, and heterogeneous electrontransfer rate constants were determined.


The present invention discloses a kind of flexible bobbin, and the flexible bobbin is respectively to connect one piece of panel into I-shaped contour structure at a two ends for hollow shaft, and hollow shaft reaches compression and the extension effects of axial length using cylinder stretching structure or total bar foldable structure.Compared with traditional bobbin and disclosed flexible bobbin invention thinking, with more simple structure, operating efficiency is high, use reliability advantage high for the flexible bobbin of the present invention.


This study aims to determine the effect of the flipped classroom learning model on the independence and learning outcomes of class X students of the accounting skills program at Vocasional High School 1 Lumajang with a case study on the basic competencies of basic accounting equations for the 2022/2023 school year. This research is an experimental research with the type of research Pre-Experimental Design and using the One Group Pretest-Posttest research design. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, tests, interviews and documentation. The data analysis method used is the paired sample t-test. The results showed that the flipped classroom learning model had an effect on student learning independence with a Sig. 0.00 <0.05 and has an effect on learning outcomes with a Sig value. 0.03 <0.05. The results of the Percent N-Gain test show that the flipped classroom learning model has an effect on learning independence by 57% and on learning outcomes by 22%.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to define and stimulate interest in a potential new specialty within the information science field.Design/methodology/approach – Sources on digital forensics and digital archeology are discussed, and the topic is examined critically from a librarian perspective. The author examines the possibility of an information science specialty pursuing the reconstruction of "digital palimpsests", where data that later becomes historically significant has been deleted or partially overwritten on digital media.Findings – The author identifies at least one key incident (the NASA moon landing tapes) where this potential field has already started to be defined. Examination of the literature indicates that emphasis in data recovery to this point has centered on the needs of law enforcement and disaster recovery rather than on the considerations of manuscript preservation, recovery, and curation. The author emphasizes the need for librarians to bring together the skills of multiple fi...


In this technical note, we develop a full state feedback law for disturbance rejection in systems described by linear 2 × 2 partial differential equations of the hyperbolic type, with the disturbance modelled as an autonomous, finite dimensional linear system affecting the PDE's left boundary, and actuation limited to the right boundary. The effect of the disturbance is rejected at an arbitrary point in the domain within a finite time. The performance is demonstrated through simulation.


This edited volume, the result of a two-year research collaboration hosted by the Center for Latin American and Latino Studies at American University, examines the religious dimensions of social change in Latin America over the past 50 years. Major themes that thread through the 15 substantive chapters include church responses to human rights, distinctions between political/state violence and criminal violence, and pastoral accompaniment. Every chapter addresses one or more of these themes, through contextual discussions of the theories and practices of violence and rights, or through specific case studies.


With the rapid development of the Internet, the nextgeneration network (5G) has emerged. 5G can support a variety of new applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), and the Internet of Vehicles. Most of these new applications depend on deep learning algorithms, which have made great advances in many areas of artificial intelligence (AI). However, researchers have found that AI algorithms based on deep learning pose numerous security problems. For example, deep learning is susceptible to a well-designed input sample formed by adding small perturbations to the original sample. This well-designed input with small perturbations, which are imperceptible to humans, is called an adversarial example. An adversarial example is similar to a truth example, but it can render the deep learning model invalid. In this article, we generate adversarial examples for spatiotemporal data. Based on the travel time estimation (TTE) task, we use two methods-white-box and blackbox attacks-to invalidate deep learning models. Experiment results show that the adversarial examples successfully attack the deep learning model and thus that AI security is a big challenge of 5G.


This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out to investigate the effects of in‐plane transverse tensile forces on the shear strength of linearly supported one‐way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs without shear reinforcement subjected to concentrated loads. A total of 5 half scale slabs (1650 × 1650 × 120 mm), subjected simultaneously to different levels of in‐plane tensile forces and a concentrated load were tested up to failure. The clear shear span to effective depth ratio av/d was equal to 3 in all tests, to minimize the effects of the direct transmission of the load to the closest support, the so called arching action. As observed, the shear strength barely decreases with increasing values of the tensile force applied, even for values of the external force that cracked the concrete cross‐section of the slabs in the direction perpendicular to the span. These observations may indicate that the shear–flexural behavior in the spanning direction is not significantly affected by the membrane forces in the transverse direction.


Quick Response Code Abstract: The aim of research is to investigate the effect of emotional intelligence on the performance of employees directly and indirectly through job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, with sample size of 140 employees at Aceh Jaya District's Work Unit (SKPK). The Analytical technique used in this study is path analysis and sobel test. The outcome indicated that emotional intelligence has positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee performance. Meanwhile, indirectly, emotional intelligence has positive but not significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction and organizational commitment.


The actual substitution of the old Spanish Seismic Code, valid since 1974, by a new regulation means important technical changes which affect every stage of the aseismic design of buildings, all the way from load assessment to structural calculation.
This new approach implies also interesting conceptual changes, not only from the design point of view but also at the construction phase and during the lifetime of the building.
In this paper these questions are critically revised, focusing in the analysis of the main differences between the old and new codes, and the degree of convergence of the latter with the future European Code in this field (Eurocode 8).


Some problems of animal husbandry industrulization are analyzed according to the present developing.Some suggestions to develop the animal husbandry industrulization are put out.


This case study details the development and implementation of a thirty hour teacher training program to support the learning and application of Group Support Systems (GSS) technology in the classroom. Previous research suggests that despite demonstrable success, there are difficulties promoting the use of technology by teachers. The training program seeks to blend theoretical foundations of cooperative learning with use of the technology to support adoption and diffusion of GSS within the school.


A flow-injection (FI) spectrophotometric procedure exploiting merging zones is proposed for the determination of azithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction of azithromycin with tetrachloro- p -benzoquinone ( p -chloranil) accelerated by hydrogen peroxide and conducted in a methanol medium, producing a purple-red color compound ( λ _max = 540 nm). The FI system and the experimental conditions were optimized using a multivariate method. Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range of 50 – 1600 mg mL^–1 with an excellent correlation coefficient ( r = 0.9998). The detection limit and the quantification limit were 6.6 and 22.1 µg mL^–1, respectively. No interference was observed from the common excipients, and the recoveries were within 98.6 to 100.4%. The procedure was applied to the determination of azithromycin in pharmaceuticals with a high sampling rate (65 samples h^–1). The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparative method at 95% confidence level.


Background: COVID-19 is a global disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with a severe or critical illness can develop respiratory and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to describe a Latin American and Caribbean (LA&C) population with COVID-19 to provide information related to this disease, in-hospital cardiovascular complications and in-hospital mortality. Methods: The CARDIO COVID-19-20 Registry is an observational, multicenter, ambispective, and hospital-based registry of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection that required in-hospital treatment in LAC. Enrollment of patients started on May 01, 2020, and ended on June 30, 2021. Results: The CARDIO COVID-19-20 Registry included 3260 patients from 44 institutions of 14 LA&C countries. 63.2% patients were male and median age was 61.0 years old. Most common comorbidities were overweight/obesity (49.7%), hypertension (49.0%), and diabetes mellitus (26.7%). Most frequent cardiovascular complications were cardiac arrhythmia (9.1%), decompensated heart failure (8.5%), and pulmonary embolism (3.9%). 53.5% of patients were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and median length of stay at the ICU was 10.0 days. Support required in ICU included invasive mechanical ventilation (34.2%), vasopressors (27.6%), inotropics (10.3%) and vasodilators (3.7%). Rehospitalization after 30-day post discharge was 7.3%. In-hospital mortality and 30-day post discharge was 25.5% and 2.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The LA&C population with COVID-19 patients and hospitalization, has a considerable burden of cardiovascular diseases related to a worse prognosis. It is necessary to carry out a more specific analysis to determine risk factors for cardiovascular outcome.


The biodegradable polyethylene composition bonded chemically with starch comprises 100 wt. parts matrix resin, 5-400 wt. parts biodegradable incorporating material, 0.01-10 wt. parts coupling agent, 0.01-1.0 wt. parts radical initiator, 0.01-5 wt. parts Lewis acid catalyst, 0.01-10 wt. parts autoxidizing agent and 0.01-10 wt. parts plasticizer. the physical properties are minimized by reacting matrix resin with starch chemically using a coupling agent in the presence of an organic acid catalyst. At the same time, the production cost saving is achieved by simplifying the process. In the prior technology, the problems associated with low physical properties caused by starch incorporation were approached only in terms of enhancing physical interacting strength between matrix resin and starch.


In this article, I analyze the construction of national and cultural identity in Diary (1940s–1950s) of Oleksandr Dovzhenko (1894–1956), Ukrainian-born and known as Soviet director, film producer, and screenwriter. The means of construction of the national identity is based on the constant recollection of Dovzhenko's past in Ukraine. Being a nationalist in the Civil war (1917–1919) and subsequently living in the Soviet Union, Dovzhenko was not its genuine resident. After the Soviets established their control in Ukraine, Dovzhenko's spiritual rebirth as a Soviet citizen did not fully occur. However, in these diary entries the future is associated with the Soviet ideology and the creation of a new better society in the frame of communist ideological paradigm. Thus, in Dovzhenko's diaries, two identities can be distinguished, Ukrainian and the Soviet, and they coexist in the diary narrative. Their logic is inclusive and complementary rather than oppositional. The artist criticizes the Soviet regime and very often returns his childhood in the village of Sosnytsia in the Chernihiv region of Ukraine. Artist's past becomes a traumatic memoir, mainly associated with Stalin's criticism of his cinemanovel "Ukraina v ohni" ("Ukraine in Flames", 1943). Since the scandal around this book, Dovzhenko tries to prove Stalin that he is absolutely a Soviet artist. In the diary entries, he also writes about his sorrow and nostalgia for Ukraine, his homeland; and he cannot be considered as a genuine Soviet artist. Although the filmmaker could not express his thoughts openly due to ideological pressures, traces of such reflections may be found in his diary, which combined both Ukrainian and Soviet elements. Oleksandr Dovzhenko's multilayered self-narration encompasses his nationalist past and the Soviet legacy in all of its complex psychological interactions. Dovzhenko's diary is a unique record providing the artist's self-reflections under the Stalinist regime.


A ITS ESTABLISHMENT IN SAN FRANCISCO in mid-I945, the United Nations numbered 5i members. By the time of the Sixteenth General Assembly meetings in New York in the autumn of i96i, the number of member-nations had practically doubled. Not the least of the issues posed for the United Nations by this drastic expansion has been the negative problem created by the continued absence of the People's Republic of China, effectively governing a quarter of the earth's population. Peking's absence from the U. N. forum, however, has not impeded the development of active Chinese Communist policies throughout the world. Indeed the eruption of reorganized and recrudescent Chinese power has led to fundamental alterations in the design of both Far Eastern and world politics. Recognition of the new direction and force of Chinese Communist "people's diplomacy" is thus essential to assessment not only of the issue of Chinese representation in the U. N. but also of the radically changed political environment within which the U. N. must function during the i96os. The overwhelming majority of the states which have gained U. N. membership since I945 are new nations, intent in various ways on exploring new frontiers. With some exceptions, they are under-educated, under-industrialized, under-capitalized, under-modernized, and under-experienced in world affairs. During these years, the mature nations of western Europe and North America have steadily sought to convince the new states that they should look to the North Atlantic community for aid and development advice. The leaders of the Communist bloc, whose political conceptions stem from Lenin and the Second Comintern Congress of i920 and whose estimates of the potential importance of non-Western nationalism thus long ante-date those of the United States,' have pursued a superficially similar strategy, seeking to convince the new states to look to the Communist camp for theoretical counsel and practical assistance. For a decade after I945 the Soviet Union was the dominant spokesman for the bloc. Since the Bandung conference of i955, however, the People's


Objective
To evaluate the effect of exercise on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods
A total of 1 114 participants were recruited from the Physical Examination Center of two hospitals. SF-36 was used to measure HRQOL, and the classification of sports level was done according to the subjective evaluation of participants.

Results
The total score of HRQOL, physical component summary and mental component summary were 76.26±16.10, 75.97±16.67 and 76.55±18.33 respectively.The results of correlation analysis were as following: the positive correlation between BMI and general health(r=0.109), vitality(r=0.116), social functioning(r=0.092), role emotional(r=0.122), mental health(r=0.145)were significant(P<0.01). The negative correlation between BMI and PF(r=-0.07, P=0.019)was significant.The mediation effects of exercise in was relationship between BMI and general health, vitality, mental health were significant, and the mediating effect were 5.84%, 9.14% and 6.58%.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that mediation effects of the exercise are significant in some dimensions of HRQOL, but the direct influence of BMI on the HRQOL plays a leading role.And BMI is a protective factor under certain conditions.

Key words:
Body mass index; Exercise; Health-related quality of life; Mediating effect


Background & Aims : Human Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a receptor which mediatied immune response to microbial lipoproteins, associates with TLR2 and recognizes the native mycobacterial lipoprotein along with TLR2. Methods : We examined the regulation of TLR1 surface expression in human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells by interferon-ƒÁ (IFN-ƒÁ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Results : IFN-ƒÁ up-regulated TLR1 surface expression on human peripheral blood monocytes and B cells. By contrast, IL-4 down-regulated TLR1 surface expression on human peripheral blood monocytes, but up-regulated TLR1 surface expression on human peripheral B cells. Conclusions : These results indicate that Th 1 cytokine IFN-ƒÁ enhances receptors involved in the response to native mycobacterial lipoprotein and that activation of cellular immunity may enhance defense against mycobacterium through both monocytes and B cells, whereas Th2 cytokine IL-4 modulates the receptor response to native mycobacterial lipoprotein and that activation of humoral immunity may enhance defense against mycobacterium through B cells, but not monocytes. (Kitakanto Med J 2003 ; 53 : 191•`194)


The model for analyzing corrosion rate of 16Mn pipeline steel in soil is established by using neural network, and it is exercised by the experimental data of corrosion rate. The results show that the corrosion rate can be well described by 6 parameters of soil, that is, water content, the contents of cathodic ions SO 4~(2-), CO 3~(2-), HCO 3~- and Cl~-, and resistivity. The neural network model trained is used to study the effects of water content and the contents of the cathodic ions on the corrosion rate. It is shown that the effect of water content is greater than those of the cathodic ion contents.


peak EA to peak creatinine changes (R1⁄40.41; p1⁄40.004). At T0, no significant difference in EA levels was observed between patients who did or did not develop AKI [0.47 (0.04–0.78) vs. 0.43 (0.15–0.79); p 1⁄4 0.74]. However, the AKI group was characterized by a continuous increase in EA from T0 to T3, becoming statistically significant at T3 [T0 1⁄4 0.6 (0.32–1.0) vs. T3 1⁄4 0.47 (0.04–0.78); p 1⁄4 0.004]. In contrast, the non-AKI group did not show any differences in EA [T0 1⁄4 0.47 (0.16– 0.6) vs. T3 1⁄4 0.43 (0.15–0.79); NS]. Table 2 reports all EA values among AKI and non-AKI groups.


A multilocational field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of some plant extracts (Bolanite aegyptica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Citrus aurantium) and a synthetic antibiotic (Streptomycin) on the incidence and severity of angular leaf spot on five cotton genotypes namely SAMCOT-8, SAMCOT-9, SAMCOT-10, SAMCOT-11 and SAMCOT-12 in Yola and Jalingo, both located in the northern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria. The experiment was carried out on a split-plot design having three replications with cotton genotypes on the main plots and plant extracts on the sub-plots. Data collected on the incidence and severity of the disease were analysed using the Generalized Linear Model procedure and means separation at 5% level of probability by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Findings of the study revealed that Streptomycin and Bolanite aegyptiaca were able to reduce the disease incidence by 18.12% from 58.69% in Yola at 13 WAS. In Jalingo however, B. aegyptiaca was found to have reduced the disease severity from 52.12% to 19.69% at 13 WAS. SAMCOT-8 consistently recorded lower incidence and severity means in Yola and Jalingo of 47.96%; 59.12% and 40.82%; 39.70% while SAMCOT-12 recorded higher means of 53.29%; 59.82% and 48.03%; 46.70% respectively.


Zmuda, Allison and Violet Harada. Librarians as Learning Specialists: Meeting the Learning Imperative for the 21st Century. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2008. 128 pp. 40.00 USD. ISBN-10: 1-59158-679-8; ISBN-13: 978-1-59158-679-1. As we enter the 21st century, library media specialists (or, as we refer to them in Canada, teacher-librarians) find themselves in challenging circumstances affected by budgetary cuts, shrinking collections and staff re-assignments. In Librarians as Learning Specialists: Meeting the Learning Imperative for the 21st Century, Zmuda and Harada provide these professionals with the tools needed to defend the important role of the school library and its staff in student learning. Other members of the education community, including administrators, classroom teachers and curriculum consultants, may also find much of the content of this work pertinent. In a little over one hundred densely packed pages, it addresses topics that are relevant to all educators: effective leadership, goal setting, lesson design and learning assessment. The book's organization fits well with how a practitioner might use it. The text is divided into four chapters, each covering a broad theme: the school mission statement, the role of a library media specialist, instructional design, and finally, assessment. Each chapter is then further divided into sections that tackle different aspects of the theme: its significance, predictable problems, collaboration challenges and implications for the library media specialist. A fifth and final chapter, "Looking to the Future," deals with the central role school library specialists play in helping students navigate today's digital media landscape. To allow for further expediency in navigating the book and locating the part that answers a practitioner's immediate question, the table of contents provides extensive detail about the topics covered in each of the four sections within a chapter. In fact, the table of contents lists the contents of the book down to the single page. Furthermore, an index provides entry points into the text by both topic and cited author. In the central narrative, as Zmuda and Harada address obstacles faced by education professionals, they consistently demonstrate their understanding of both the practical constraints faced by library media specialists and the needs and priorities of school and board level administrators. They do not shy away from questioning long-standing assumptions and practices and providing alternatives that are more in-line with contemporary theories of learning. …


Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is an important conduit for nutrients to reach the nutrient‐poor low‐latitude ocean areas. In the Atlantic, it forms part of the return path of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Despite the importance of AAIW, little is known about variations in its composition and signature during the prominent AMOC and climate changes of the last deglaciation. Here we reconstruct benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca‐based intermediate water temperatures (IWTMg/Ca) and intermediate water neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions at submillennial resolution from unique sediment cores located at the northern tip of modern AAIW extent in the tropical W‐Atlantic (850‐ and 1018‐m water depth). Our data indicate a pronounced warming of AAIW in the tropical W‐Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. We argue that these warming events were induced by major AMOC perturbations resulting in the pronounced accumulation of heat in the surface Southern Ocean. Combined with published results, our data suggest the subsequent uptake of Southern Ocean heat by AAIW and its rapid northward transfer to the tropical W‐Atlantic. Hence, the rapid deglacial northern climate perturbations directly controlled the AAIW heat budget in the tropical W‐Atlantic after a detour via the Southern Ocean. We speculate that the ocean heat redistribution via AAIW effectively dampened Southern Hemisphere warming during the deglaciation and may therefore have been a crucial player in the climate seesaw mechanisms between the two hemispheres.


The issue of child care is critically important for us as residents; as private persons and as pediatricians, we are familiar with the problems and controversies around this subject. The statistics underscore the magnitude of the issue. It is expected that in 1990, 80 percent of mothers will be in the work force. As pediatricians in training, many of us will begin our families during our residencies, adding another level of complexity to the issue of day care.


S. Rose, S. Crozier, P. Bourgeat, N. Dowson, O. Salvado, P. Raniga, K. Pannek, A. Coulthard, M. Fay, P. Thomas, and D. Macfarlane UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Centre for Medical Diagnostic Technologies in Queensland, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Biomedical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Medical Imaging, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Radiation Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia


Laser welding is used when it is essential to limit the size of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), to reduce the roughness of the welded surface and to eliminate mechanical effects. Solid-state lasers operating in a continuous or pulsed mode can function as welding sources. Present-day lasers can provide vey high levels of power per unit area. The application of solid-state Nd-doped lasers -- such as neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers -- in industry verifies the fact that they are reliable, safe to operate, and simple to control. They can emit power in a pulse as high as 107 W or more and can process materials at an extremely high rate. Lasers with high peak power pulses are capable of better material procesing than their average power rating might indicate. High peak power overcomes the thermal diffusivity and reflectivity of precious metals, copper, and aluminum. They can also weld large volumes with a single pulse. In general, increasing lasing efficiency and power is a prerequisite for increased quality and capacity in laser material processing. Nd:YAG laser welding covers a large variety of techniques capable of producing welds in various metals, ranging from a few micrometers to tens of millimeters in thickness. This paper attempts to give an overview of recent developemnts and research trends.


Lactate, secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise, had been known as fatigue substance. However, several physiological roles of lactate have been revealed in the last decades, and previous studies reported that lactate treatment increased protein synthesis factors in skeletal muscle. Nevertheless, underlying molecular mechanisms of exogenous lactate on protein synthesis and degradation remain unknown, and there was no study that confirm long‐term lactate administration with exercise training. Therefore, the purpose of study is to investigate the effect of long‐term exogenous lactate administration and lactate administration with exercise training on the skeletal muscle synthesis and degradation.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of moxi-therapy for gout.Methods:As the requirement of EBM,we electronically searched the CNKI,VIP,WanFang Database,SCI,MEDLINE,from 2000.1 to 2011.4,to obtain randomized control trails(RCT),which compared the efficacy of moxi-therapy with western medicine.Then evaluate the quality of the RCT,and analyze them with Meta-analyze method.Results:Seven trials had homogeneity from randomized controlled trials of 620 cases involving seven articles about patients with gout arthritis.And Funnel Plot showed an obvious existence of publication bias.Conclusion:Compared with western medicine,moxi-therapy is more proper for gout,and the side-effect is less.However,as the quality and quantity of RCT searched are limited,the conclusion is not sure.


In this paper, we introduced an approach for designing an airborne receiver used in the proposed landing system based on Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform. The proposed system utilizes the beam coding technique in order to generate multiple shifted-angle beams toward the aircraft. To determine the position in both range and deviation angle, an airborne receiver employs a cross correlator to acquire position information. The implementation of the receiver involves software design, building, and testing on a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) device and LabVIEW environment. Practical results show the usefulness of the receiver for the application in the landing system and the potential development of SDR in the avionics area.


"A signed "Memorandum of Understanding between United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Bureau of Reclamation, State of Colorado, State of Utah, and State of Wyoming"


The problems that this study informed are rooted in the uncertainty surrounding the presence of calendar anomalies in the Nigerian stock market and the need to ascertain whether calendar anomaly is changing with time and market condition according to the adaptive market hypothesis. This study evaluates how calendar anomaly behaves over time in the Nigerian stock market through the day-of-the-week effect since the latest trend is to examine time-changing anomaly. The general All Share Index returns of the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2000 and 2017 are used in the analysis. Secondary daily index returns data for the period are sourced from the NSE Fact Book. The major estimation techniques employed in the study are the mean equations of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and overlapping sub-period methodology. Moreover, returns are grouped into Up and Down periods depending on the periods that generate positive and negative returns, respectively. This study found out that Monday (MON), Tuesday (TUE), and Friday (FRI) effects are the only adaptive day-of-the-week effects. Thus, three (MON, TUE, FRI) day of the week effects found in the full sample are time-varying in subsample and are affected by market condition. On the whole, MON and Thursday (THUR) effects are found in Bull, while TUE and FRI are found in Bear. The investor must be careful to take time-variation into consideration; otherwise, they may incur a loss by thinking that the day-of-the-week effect is present every time.


Transformation of low-yield chestnut forest was carried on by some comprehensive technical measures,concluding deep fertilizing, grafting, pruning, and disease and pest control, and so on. Economic benefits of chestnut forest after transformation were evaluated. The results showed that mean yield per unit area was 190% of control in the fourth year after transformation, and the mean value of output was 500% of control.


The invention discloses a method for embedding linoleic acid or linolenic acid with amylose or a yellow dextrin fine capsule, belonging to the technical field of functional food additives. An inclusion compound is formed by using amylose or yellow dextrin and linoleic acid or linolenic acid, so that the stability of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is enhanced, and the problem of easiness in automatic oxidation of linoleic acid or linolenic acid is solved. The amylose or yellow dextrin is taken as a microcapsule embedding wall material, a microcapsule inclusion compound can be formed in an acid aqueous solution, and a microcapsule embedding compound can be prepared by performing freeze drying on a precipitate obtained by centrifuging. The inclusion compound is mainly taken as a nutrition fortifier for adding into a nutrition strengthening food. The microcapsule inclusion compound has a slow release effect, and is convenient to store, process and treat.


Catastrophes produce losses highly correlated in space and time, which break the law of large numbers. We derive the insurability of dependent catastrophic risks by calculating conditions that would aid insurers in deliberate selection of their portfolios. This paper outlines the general structure of a basic stochastic optimization model. Connections between the probability of ruin and nonsmooth risk functions, as well as adaptive Monte Carlo optimization procedures and path dependent laws of large numbers, are discussed


I had no idea, getting interested in AI two years ago, that being involved in the field would involve such a persistent sense of unease. I started out unequivocally excited, perhaps a little naive; but over the years, the concerned voices of economists, philosophers, and the mass media have gradually seeped into me, leaving me with an ill-defined feeling of hesitation about what we're heading towards.


Chapter 2 introduces Song ritual institutions, ritual officials, and early Song ritual controversies over fraternal succession and the discourse of filial piety. It emphasizes the key position of the Commission of Ritual Affairs in making Song court rituals. It also reveals the growing interest of Northern Song emperors in the arrangements of the Imperial Temple and the active role they performed in ritual debates and reforms, as well as their political concerns on the Imperial Temple.


The governing non-linear finite element equations for the spatial stability analysis of curved beams, using a simple two-noded model, are derived based on the incremental form of a mixed variational principle with independent discretization for its generalized strain field and the reference line displacements as well as cross-sectional warping and bending/twisting rotations. The formulation is valid for both open-and closed-type thin-walled sections, and this is accomplished by the use of a kinematic description based on a generalized beam theory in which shear deformation due to both flexural-and warping-torsional actions is accounted for. The effect of finite rotations in space is included, resulting in a second-order accurate geometric stiffness matrix and ensuring that all significant instability modes can be predicted. Finally, the results obtained in a number of numerical simulations for lateral-torsional bifurcation buckling of circular arches are presented to illustrate the model effectiveness and practical usefulness, and to provide explanations for the source of discrepancies noted in the results obtained in previous investigations.


Abstract At the heart of the United Kingdom Government's vision of the 'Learning Society' in the 1998 'Learning Age' Green Paper is the individual citizen, equipped for employment in the ever-changing, 'knowledge-based' economy of the future. Integral to this is the need for individuals to have responsibility for their own learning throughout life. It is particularly tough in the context of small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – notoriously weak in terms of infrastructure and investment in training and development. Two initiatives deemed to carry the definitive marks of the 'Learning Society' are Employee Development (ED) programmes and Individual Learning Accounts (ILAs). Employees in SMEs figure prominently in Government 'targets' for ILA take up. Whilst ED schemes have received most notoriety amongst large organisations a number of the UK's Training and Enterprise Councils have sought to spread such activity into the SME sector. Drawing on in-depth research as part of a TEC sponsored evaluation of an ED initiative within SMEs and a pilot ILA programme, the article contrasts how three SMEs have engaged with such ventures and their relative impact. When put into practice in this taxing and unfavourable environment serious questions appear as to the extent to which ILAs are 'fit for purpose'. ED, in contrast it is suggested, has the potential to be effective in SMEs and in ways that overcome the problems that beset ILAs in this same environment. ED, rather than ILAs, may offer the greater prospect of genuinely empowering individuals within an ongoing educational/developmental process.


This paper introduces a combination of power- and spectrum-efficient modulations, phase-silence-shift-keying (PSSK). Theoretical and numerical analysis show that PSSK achieves 2.5 to 3 dB gain compared with conventional spectrum-efficient modulation phase-shift-keying (PSK.)


Abstract We describe a compact lightweight impulse radar for radio-echo sounding of subsurface structures designed specifically for glaciological applications. The radar operates at frequencies between 10 and 75 MHz. Its main advantages are that it has a high signal-to-noise ratio and a corresponding wide dynamic range of 132 dB due mainly to its ability to perform real-time stacking (up to 4096 traces) as well as to the high transmitted power (peak voltage 2800 V). The maximum recording time window, 40 μs at 100 MHz sampling frequency, results in possible radar returns from as deep as 3300 m. It is a versatile radar, suitable for different geophysical measurements (common-offset profiling, common midpoint, transillumination, etc.) and for different profiling set-ups, such as a snowmobile and sledge convoy or carried in a backpack and operated by a single person. Its low power consumption (6.6 W for the transmitter and 7.5 W for the receiver) allows the system to operate under battery power for >7 hours with a total weight of <9 kg for all equipment, antennas and batteries.


Although Building Information Models (BIM) are increasingly recognized as a compelling tool for project delivery, the challenges of seamless model validation and the transition of BIM data to FM remains unresolved. BIM data interoperability issues, lack of a clear understanding of owner's Exchange Requirements (ERs), inconsistent syntax in developing discipline-specific models, and software limitations contribute to the difficulty of using Architecture, Engineering, and Construction-purposed BIMs for FM handover. This research explores a case-based example of implementing computational BIM for automatic verification of an FM-handover BIM at project close out. The relationships between, and properties of, model objects used to capture the required geometric and non-geometric information for the owner's FM handover needs is specified in accordance with the applicable IFC entities. The syntax of the model is formalized in conjunction with the buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bsDD) schema. Dynamo is used as a visual programming platform to work with the Autodesk Revit Application Programming Interface (API) to extend its parametric capabilities to verify the BIM data in compliance with the specified requirements. The results of the automated verification procedure highlight completeness, uniqueness, correctness, usefulness, and unambiguity of BIM data as critical quality dimensions for the purpose of project delivery.


Objective: To study the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnⅠ) level in post-burn patients during acute exudation and infection stage. Methods:serum cTnⅠ of post-burn patients at acute exudation stage (25 cases) and acute infection stage (30 cases) were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Daily monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out on all patients to detect if any ischemic cardiac injury had occurred. Results: At acute exudation stage, only 11 cases showed slight increases in their cTnⅠ levels(0.05~0.16 μg/L). At acute infection stage, all patients were found to have slightly to moderately increased cTnⅠ level on one or more occasions. Obvious rising cTnⅠ levels were observed in patients who had total body surface area 30%(P0.001) or burn wound exudation (P0.002). cTnⅠ level peaked at the time when there was obvious burn wound exudation or spontaneous separation of eschar; and decreased after excision treatment. ECG shown no sign of ischemic cardiac damage. Conclusions:Non-ischemic cardiac injury occurred in post burn patients. The process is close related to systemic inflammatory respond.


E-mail: email@example.com May 8, 2012, Accepted October 5, 2012Key Words : Oxynitride, Green phosphor, Substitution effect, Crystal structure, Lum inescence intensityGreen phosphors have become very important for whitelight-emitting diodes (WLEDs) because of their high colorrendering indices and high luminescence efficiencies.


The aim of each company/industry is to provide a final product to customers at the minimum possible cost, as well as to protect the environment from degradation. Ensuring the shortest travel distance between involved locations plays an important role in achieving the company's/industry's objective as (i) the cost of a final product can be minimized by minimizing the total distance travelled (ii) finding the shortest distance between involved locations will require less fuel than the longest distance between involved locations. This will eventually result in lesser degradation of the environment. Hence, in the last few years, various algorithms have been proposed to solve different types of shortest path problems. A recently proposed algorithm for solving interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy shortest path problems requires excessive computational efforts. Hence, to reduce the computational efforts, in this paper, firstly, an alternative lexicographic method is proposed for comparing interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. Then, using the proposed lexicographic comparing method, a new approach (named as Mehar approach) is proposed to solve interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy shortest path problems. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed lexicographic comparing method, as well as the proposed Mehar approach, is discussed.


Abstract The surface excess concentrations of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS; the hydrophobic nonionic counterpart, monododecyl tetraethylene glycol, C 12 E 4 ; and calcium ions) have been measured directly at the gas-liquid interface, using radiochemical techniques. A bulk SDS concentration hiatus was found between the filled gas-liquid interface, in the end of which the surface tension continued to fall despite a filled gas-liquid interface, which also failed to coincide with the critical micelle concentration (CMC). An alignment of SDS molecules below the interface is proposed to explain the results. Only in the presence of NaCl concentration ⩾ 1 × 10 -1 mol dm -3 did this concentration hiatus disappear, mainly as a result of a lowered CMC. Calcium ions migrated only to the anionic surfactant interface, and left before the formation of micelles. Neither calcium nor sodium chloride salts appear to have any effect on the surface excess concentration of C 12 E 4 . The results show that the Gibbs adsorption equation cannot be used in a blanket manner to obtain surface excess concentrations, but has to be adjusted to the particular surfactant, counterion, and conditions prevailing.


In this paper, we propose an image classification technique which uses a simple autoencoder with a regularizer. Nowadays, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are primarily used for image classification. Our method can be used for image classification with much reduced requirement of computational capability than a complex CNN which has a huge number of degrees of freedom. Here, the terms simple and complex, respectively, correspond to the simplicity and the complexity of a network in terms of the number of learnable parameters (degrees of freedom) and the number of hidden layers. This technique uses features extracted from a pretrained CNN, trained on a completely different dataset. Genetic algorithm solves for the optimal hyperparameters of the pretrained CNN. It is observed that these features serve as important and robust parameters for the training of the autoencoder, as a final average image classification accuracy improvement of about 17.45% is observed with the inclusion of these features. We use a pretrained CNN on MNIST dataset and classify images of several other benchmark datasets. We utilize different classifiers for image classification based on features extracted from the autoencoder and repeat each of the experiments a number of times with different random initialization of the classifier and the weight matrix of the autoencoder. We also perform experiments by pretraining the CNN with different datasets. Our results show a notable image classification accuracy and a significant reduction of training time with respect to a complex CNN.


Objective
This study was to assess the safety, effectiveness and learning curve of cryoballoon ablation(CBA)technology designed to achieve pulmonary vein isolation(PVI) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF).

Methods
Ninety-eight AF patients underwent CBA performed by a single experienced interventional cardiologist from December 2013 to March 2015 in Fuwai Hospital were continuously enrolled.The acute PVI rate, learning curve and freedom from recurrence of AF at 12 months were evaluated.

Results
Ninety-eight AF patients(92.9% paroxysmal, 7.1% persistent)underwent CBA.The successful acute PVI rate was 93.2%(369/396). All patients were divided into 4 groups according to procedure sequence.It was revealed that the mean procedural time, mean fluoroscopic time and mean fluoroscopic dose gradually decreased.In a median follow-up of 359 days, 93 patients' follow-up data were available.Seventy-one percent(66/93)were freedom from AF off-antiarrhythmic treatment after a single procedure, with a blanking period of 3 months.Seventy-two point one percent(62/86)of paroxysmal AF patients were freedom from AF and 57.1%(4/7)of patients with persistent AF were freedom from AF respectively, without statistical significance(P=0.25). Phrenic nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient(1.0%), resolving within 12 months and femoral venous puncture vascular complications occurred in 2 patients(2.0%).

Conclusion
Cryoballoon ablation is safe and effective to achieve PVI for the treatment of patients with AF.Phrenic nerve palsy is a major complication which is reversible and preventable.

Key words:
Cryoballoon ablation; Atrial fibrillation; Phrenic nerve palsy; Learning curve


This is designed to provide images on the train system. More specifically installed in the system for providing an image on a train, it is provided to a broadcast car of the train with the master server to control the slave server is installed for each train managing 2D and 3D image or its content and data, for each train It is stored in the 2D and 3D image or its content to be provided to the passenger and which, under the control of the master server retrieves the 2D and 3D image or its content according to the content menu information selected by the passengers in the database and extract the seat of each train each transmission in the installed display means is provided for each seat of the plurality of slave servers, and each train controls, through the LCD screen provides a variety of content menu screens so that the passenger can select and passenger transport the selected contents menu information to the slave server and, depending on the content menu, select the information that the passengers A plurality of display means for providing a passenger to receive the 2D and 3D image or its content through the LCD screen is formed of a train image providing system is provided, including, Is installed in a broadcast car of a train the train server is interlocked with the train operation information (an emergency message), the station information, and train type, departure time, arrival time, and receives the various train information, and transmitted to the slave servers, the slave server is installed for each train to control 2D and 3D images or installed, each master server and each train to manage various content and data, and stores the 2D and 3D image or its content to be provided to the passenger, the passenger is selected under the control of the master server, 2D and 3D image or by searching and extracting the various contents in the database, the display provided to the various train information received transmission as a display means is provided for each seat of each train and to control or from the master server each seat of each train means according to the contents menu information the seat of a number of slave servers, and each train to transmit to Do The installation is via the LCD screen offers a variety of content menu screen so that passengers can choose to passengers and transmits the selected contents menu information as the slave server, the passenger is selected contents menu information to the received 2D and 3D images or as this provides a variety of content to the passengers via the LCD screen, or a large number of train comprising a display means for receiving video data providing system provides to the passengers via the LCD screen, the various train information is provided.


The use of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) instead of oxidative bleaching agents such as peroxide is an alternative for the bleaching of mechanical pulp. By this approach, the chromophores of the wood components in the pulp are not destroyed chemically but the brightness of the pulp is achieved by increased re‐emission of blue light in the range of 400–500 nm. In this study, a typical FWA and peroxide bleaching chemicals are compared with respect to both production and application in the pulp mill. The life‐cycle inventory shows that, on the one hand, the production of the FWA leads to higher releases of salts and adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) to surface waters and that, on the other hand, significantly less FWA is required in the application step in order to reach the same pulp brightness. The life‐cycle impact assessment of the production step is presented in terms of Eco‐indicator 95. These results, however, do not cover the environmental fate of various chemicals released to the aquatic environment in the course of the bleaching/whitening step. Therefore, this part is assessed by means of a more detailed investigation of the chemicals' environmental fate in rivers and their aquatic toxicity.


A solar cell receiver comprising a solar cell having one or more III-V compound semiconductor layers, a diode coupled in parallel with the solar cell and operable to be forward-biased in instances when the solar cell is not generating above a threshold voltage, a coating substantially encapsulating the diode, an undercoating that substantially eliminates any air gap between the anode and cathode of the diode, and a connector adapted to couple to other solar cell receivers.


This article constitutes a review of magagement science, operations research, and statistics as they arise in the study of data arising from the world of soccer/football. The data may have been collected during a game, may be summaries after games, or after a season, or after a tournament, or over many years. The main sections of the article include Data Collection and Descriptive Analyses, Stochastic Modeling (with subsections Between Game Modeling and Within Game Modeling), Ranking, Tournaments and Scheduling, Game Theory, and Economics and Management. The reference list contains 167 books and articles. The analytic study of the field has reached maturity following the contributions of many individuals and institutions.

Keywords:

association football;
efficiency;
FIFA;
game theory;
laws of the game;
match analysis;
notation analysis;
performance;
ranking;
sports science;
spatial-temporal data;
tactics;
time series


Creativity in teaching lies in the creative spirit of the teachers. A teacher' s creative spirit and innovation are the basic elements in the building-up of students creativity. A teacher should respect the students creative potentials by providing appropriate classroom situations in which students' creative potentials are encouraged and their mind cultivated.


(54) INULIN INFUSED FRUIT AND METHOD OF 4,626,434. A 12/1986 O'Mahony et al. PREPARATION 4,713,252 A 12/1987 Ismail 4,775,545 A 10/1988 Augustine et al. (75) Inventors: Barrie R. Froseth, Plymouth, MN E. A 3. 2. NiMeyghat O a sys" W. Creedon, Tewksbury, 5,362,503 A 1 1/1994 Burri et al. 5,364,643 A 11/1994 Morimoto et al. 5.439,692 A 8, 1995 Guzman et al. (73) Assignee: General Mills, Inc., Minneapoli, MN 6,159,527. A 12/2000 Wettlaufer (US) 6,403,134 B1* 6/2002 Nayyar et al. .............. 426,335 6,780.445 B1* 8/2004 Rhodes ............. ... 426/36 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2005, 0079244 A1* 4/2005 Giffard et al. ................ 426/42 pists; tender cited by examiner Primary Examiner Helen Pratt (21) Appl. No.: 10/666,320 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm John A. O'Toole: Everett


Background: The knowledge of the proper use, disposal of sanitary pads, and its related side effects during menstruation is a vital aspect of a woman's well-being. Use of sanitary pads appropriately and replacing them on time are essential practices needed to maintain menstrual hygiene. Failure to do so may lead to detrimental consequences that could affect the health of women and make them susceptible to reproductive tract infections. Objectives were to assess a range of factors considered by female about the usage of sanitary pads and the various methods employed regarding its disposal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to June 2018, in the city of Karachi, by students of Jinnah Sindh Medical University. A sampling technique was used to select 391 females. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, by convenience sampling. Response of the participants was acquired using a 5-point Likert scale.Results: In total, 391 females from the city took part in this study; their ages ranging between 15-45 years. 95.7% of these females preferred sanitary pads over cloth, tampons, menstrual cups and toilet paper. Many women using sanitary pads believed, pads should be replaced often while menstruating and failure to do so may increase the risk of contracting infections (p≤0.01).Conclusions: The findings showed that a significant number of women are aware of the risks associated with sanitary napkins and have adequate knowledge related to its proper usage. The study also presented no significant risk of adverse effects associated with the use of sanitary pads.


This study was conducted to examine the effect of the below sea level environment of the Jordan Valley (JV) on serum and plasma levels of total and free testosterone (T) and those of sex hormone binding globulins (SHBG) in male and female rats. Two groups of male rats (total n=16) and another two groups of female rats (total n=16) were selected from litters prepared from housed and bred Sprague-Dawley rats. One group of 8 male and another of 8 female rats were kept at above sea level environment in Irbid City (IC) in the North of Jordan, while the rest 8 male and 8 female animals were transferred and kept to grow till maturation (124 days of age) in the below sea level environment in the JV. Serum and plasma levels of free and total T were higher in rats of both sexes growing in the JV compared to those maturing in IC. These data clearly suggest that environmental factors of the JV rather than the genetic background of the rats that play a significant role in T production and perhaps its clearance. Plasma levels of SHBG were similar among female rats of the two locations, while these levels in male rats were lower in rats growing in the JV. This study discusses the relationship between plasma levels of SHBG and serum T in rats and it also sheds more light onto the effects of the environmental factors of the below sea environment of JV on T homeostasis. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Our previous studies had suggested that there was a significant effect of the Jordan Valley (JV), which is located at about 280-400 meters below sea level, on serum levels of various sex hormones including testosterone (El-Migdadi et al. 1999; El-Migdadi et al. 2000; Banihani et al. 2001; ElMigdadi et al. 2004; El-Migdadi et al. 2005. However, since these studies were performed using human subjects, there was no concluding evidence on whether such an effect is due to the environmental factors of the JV, such as temperature, humidity, altitude, nutrition, socio-economic and cultural factors or to the genetic background of the inhabitants of the JV. The present work was designed to study the effect of the below sea level environment of the JV on serum levels of total and free testosterone (T) and of sex hormone binding globulins (SHBG) in male and female rats. By using rats in this study, the major environmental factors of temperature, humidity, food and drink can all be accounted for and were well controlled. The barometric pressure of the JV was not controlled. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND METHODS A group of Sprague Dawley rats, originally purchased from Harlan Sprague Dawley (Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.), were used in this experiment. These rats were housed and bred at our Animal Facility in the Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology in the North of Jordan near Irbid city (IC). From all litters obtained, four litters, each having 4 male pups, and another four litters, each having 4 female pups, were selected. The selection process took place either on Day 1 or Day 2 after delivery of pups from their perspective pregnant mothers over a two-day period in November of 2000 (another similar experiment was performed in November of 2008; similar data were reproduced). From each of the selected litters, two pups were kept at our Animal Facility at the University (IC group), and the other two were transferred to our Animal Facility located in the JV (JV group). A total of sixteen rats, eight males and eight females formed the IC group of animals; another sixteen, eight males and eight females formed the JV group. To clarify this further, it is emphasized here that among male rats as well as among female rats, there were four siblings Serum and Plasma Levels Of Total And Free Testosterone And Of Sex Hormone Binding Globulins In Rats Growing In The Below Sea Level Environment Of The Jordan Valley 2 of 7 (pups from the same litter), two of which in IC group and another two in the JV group. Each rat was housed individually in a temperature-(22–28°C) and a lightcontrolled (12 h light, 12 h dark), specific-pathogen-free environment. It is emphasized here that the temperature in the JV group was closer to the upper allowed limit, while in the IC group it was closer to the lower allowed limit. This was evident from the repeated measurements of the atmospheric temperatures in the rooms housing the rats at both locations at various times on multiple days of the experiment (data is not shown). This small variation in the atmospheric temperature was due to the efficiency of the conditioning systems at both locations. This setup of temperatures at both locations was planned for in order to better simulate the real difference in the temperatures between IC and the JV. According to the National (Jordan) Geographic Society, the atmospheric temperatures during November in IC is about 4-6 °C lower than those temperatures in the JV. Animals were fed standard rat chow ad libitum (Teklad, Madison, WI, U.S.A.) and water was available at all times. Body weight was measured for each rat at Day 30, Day 60, Day 124 (Table 1). The initial body weight measurements at Day 0 were not taken. The experimental protocols followed our Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) School of Medicine Animal Care and Use. At Day 120, rats from the JV group were brought back to our Animal Facility at JUST. At Day 124, all rats from the two groups were killed by decapitation between 0900 and 1200 h. Serum and plasma from trunk blood were prepared and stored at -20°C until hormonal analyses took place. Citrate tubes were used for serum preparation. The DSL-4600 ACTIVE Coated-tube Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA) kits were used for hormonal measurements. The Automatic Gamma Counter (LKB-Wallac Clini Gamma 1272-001) located at the Clinical Laboratories in Princess Basma Teaching Hospital in IC was the device used to measure the radioactivity of samples and to calculate their concentrations. Serum and plasma levels of SHBG were measured enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Lewis et al. 1999). The results were obtained in ng / ml for total T, pg / ml for free T, and nmole / l for SHBG. Statistical analyses of hormonal and SHBG data were done by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. In addition to the mean of data in a group, standard deviation was also calculated as seen in Tables 2 and 3, where raw data are shown. Tables 4 and 5 show the Z plus the Asymp Sig. (2-tailed), where numbers that are less than 0.02 were considered significant while those that are above 0.05 are not significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As seen in Table 1, rats growing in the JV had gained less body weight than those growing in IC. This is evident from the raw data at all 3 times of measurements, Day 30, Day 60 and Day 124. This difference in the body weight was observed in both sexes of the rats and it was significant when subjected to statistical analysis (Data not shown). It seems likely that the JV had a significant effect on the rat body growth of both sexes during development and maturation. However, it is not possible to relate this body weight gain to muscle mass growth or to adipose tissue growth. The sure thing is that there was more weight gain in those rats growing in the above sea level environment in IC compared to those in the JV. Further studies are needed to clarify this difference in body weight growth of rats between the two locations before one can make more and detailed conclusions. As seen from Tables 2 and 4, serum levels of free and total T as well as those of serum SHBG in female rats were all lower than their corresponding levels at both locations above and below sea level environments (in IC and the JV). Plasma levels of free and total T were also lower in female rats than their corresponding levels at both IC and the JV (Tables 3 and 4). This tendency of low levels in the female animals compared to those in male rats was not seen for plasma levels of SHBG. Tables 3 and 4 show that plasma levels of SHBG were similar in both female and male rats growing in IC, while in the JV, plasma levels of SHBG were significantly higher in female rats compared to those in male animals. It is suggested here that measurements of SHBG and thus their levels seem to be affected by the blood coagulation that takes place following blood collection. In other words, serum preparation and removal of blood clotting factors have had a profound effect on SHBG and/or on some other factors and thus influencing SHBG stability and their levels. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has been shown to be a major determinant of testosterone clearance in the primate (Plymate et al. 1990). In adult men, there is about 45% of the total plasma testosterone that is bound with high affinity to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 50% is loosely bound to albumin, 1-2% to cortisolbinding globulin, and less than 4% is free (Winters 2004). It is clear why SHBG level in plasma is believed to be a strong Serum and Plasma Levels Of Total And Free Testosterone And Of Sex Hormone Binding Globulins In Rats Growing In The Below Sea Level Environment Of The Jordan Valley 3 of 7 predictor of the total testosterone concentration. Many factors have a significant effect on the level of SHBG and subsequently can similarly influence the total testosterone concentration. These factors include, but not limited to, ageing, estrogens and hepatitis, which are known to increase SHBG. On the other hand, obesity, glucocorticoids and androgens decrease SHBG. The lower body weight of rats, reported herein (Table 1), for those growing in the below sea level environment of the JV compared to those growing in IC at above sea level, supports this phenomenon of the effect of obesity on plasma SHBG in male rats. As seen from Table 5, plasma levels of SHBG in male rats growing in the JV were lower than those in male animals growing in IC, where rats had gained more body weight (392.13±11.667 versus 349.63±11.262). Clearly, data from serum determi


The role of the electric field on the magnetic ground state in thin disks is investigated. The equation governing the magnetic equilibrium in the case of rotational symmetry is derived and solved by varying electric and magnetic fields. The equilibrium states so obtained are classified in a phase diagram, which divides the plane of the electric and magnetic fields in regions where the magnetization profile has certain shape. Full micromagnetic simulations are used to confirm our analysis.


A method for adaptively determining a desirable coherent integration time for radar observations of a moving clutter target is examined. A signal model appropriate for such measurements is first defined, along with an approach for estimating the coherence time from measured data. This coherence time estimate is then used as the coherent integration time in a reprocessing of the measured data. Simulations are shown that illustrate the potential advantages of this approach in reducing the variance of the clutter power estimate, particularly at low clutter to noise ratios, as compared to a purely incoherent integration. However the initial correlation time estimator examined is found to be ineffective, so that alternate strategies are required to obtain the desired performance improvements.


This paper gives thermal design of solid state pulse power amplifier used for satellite.As an example,Ku-band power amplifier in a kind of satellite for example,we introduce thermal design of Ku-band power amplifier employed in a certain satellite and give the simulation and verification of test results.


This article presents a novel design of voltage swells restorer using transformer and PWM AC chopper. The proposed dynamic voltage restorer uses an ac chopper converter to generate compensation voltage and adopts the transformer to isolate the power converter from the load. When input voltage swells occur, proper compensation voltage is obtained by changing the duty cycle of the PWM control signals. Therefore, the load voltage can be kept stable. The transformer is connected in series with the load. A prototype dynamic voltage regulator controller system with DsPIC30F4011 digital signal processor has been developed, its dynamic performance is investigated. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed dynamic voltage swells restorer regulator can suppress the load voltage fluctuations effectively.


Abstract
Purpose
To examine the exercise experiences of women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in order to highlight the complex relationship between mental illness and physical activity, as it intersects with other identities and social locations (e.g., gender and sexuality) as well as other mental health conditions (e.g., eating disorders and exercise addiction).

Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 women who self-identify as having OCD. A thematic analysis was conducted to understand the role of physical activity in the participants' lives.

Findings
The participants experience holistic benefits from being physically active. At the same time, however, their symptoms of OCD and related disorders (e.g., eating disorders) make it challenging to be physically active in meaningful and healthy ways.

Implications
Public health messages promoting exercise as a form of therapy must take into account the complex relationship between physical activity and mental illness. Additional research and programing is also needed in order to help women with mental health issues be physically active in safe and enjoyable ways.


to/Heidegger and Rhetoric/ (let me use forward slashes to indicate a commonplace) because, in spite of all efforts of reconciliation between France and Germany, my knowledge of German is not so adequate that I would ever contemplate reading Heidegger in his native tongue. As a rule I mistrust translations and rely on derivative knowledge only in cases of extreme urgency. This being said, I must add that such ignorance is somewhat informed by some knowing—where would French philosophy and French philosophy of rhetoric be without the long-standing and continuous dialogue between Heidegger and France, from Levinas's seminal essay to today's iterative debate on Heidegger's so-called introduction of Nazism in philosophy? Be that as it may, I read the edited volume by Gross and Kemmann as a naive reader would, undisturbed by and unaware of intra-ecclesial wrangling. As it happened, as I was reading this book, I had advanced knowledge of a stunning little book by Valerie Allen and Ares Axiotis (2007), on Heidegger's plea for exoneration in July 1945. It was a numinous conjunction.


In this paper, the way to apply the Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) method to a buck converter for voltage regulation controlled by a current-mode PI controller including anti-windup compensation is introduced. By applying VRFT including anti-windup compensation, a faster response was obtained without manual fine-tuning compared to the pole assignment method. Through the experiments, it has been found that it is effective to calculate control parameters by VRFT including anti-windup compensation, which will reduce the time and effort of manual tuning, especially in production.


The present work proposes a preparation method for multilayered Au nanoparticle/silica/gadolinium compound core–shell (Au/SiO2/GdC) particles. Silica-coated Au core–shell (Au/SiO2) particles with a size of 38.0 nm were prepared by a sol-gel reaction in the presence of the Au nanoparticles with a size of 15.5 nm. Multilayered Au/SiO2/GdC particles with sizes of ca. 35–52 nm were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation reaction in the presence of Au/SiO2 particles. The computed tomography (CT) value of the Au/SiO2/GdC colloid solution containing 4.3 × 10−2 M Au was 344.1 HU: Its converted CT value (CT divided by Au concentration) was as large as 8.0 × 103 HU/M. The r1 value of the Au/SiO2/GdC colloid solution was as large as 3.5 mM−1 s−1.


This paper addresses to solve some of the fundamental questions like: Is Mahatma Gandhi is a modernist or postmodernist? Are Gandhiji's ideas modern or postmodern? And what is the relationship between Mahatma Gandhi and modernism and postmodernism? The entire paper was divided into four different sections. In the first part, the author discusses why Gandhi is called a postmodernist; the second part is devoted to the analysis of truth and science; the third phase deals with Mahatma Gandhi's perspective on truth, and the last section concludes with a contested debate between Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru on development. From this critical analysis, readers will briefly understand that since Gandhi was born in the age of modernism but his philosophical ideas are postmodernists per se.


The problem of efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum for coded satellite systems is investigated; one which results as a consequence of highly crowding adjacent channels. An analytical characterization of the resulting interference channel is introduced based on concepts in statistical decision theory and is then exploited for interference cancellation. A joint implementation of MMSE interference cancellation and forward error control (FEC) decoding is considered where soft-input soft-output (SISO) modules are used along with the iterative structure. It is shown that, for example, one can operate a satellite system with convolutionally encoded QPSK modulation that uses practical pulse shaping at the channel spacing valve of 0.75 of the symbol rate, or bandwidth efficiency level of 2.67 bits-per-second/Hz, with minimum additional energy requirement. (This corresponds to a spectral efficiency improvement of 55% compared with a conservative baseline system.).


XYZ/E is a temporal logic system as well as a programming language. The temporal logic language XYZ/E can represent both high level and low level specifications in the same framework, so that the specification and implementation of software systems are very convenient. A specification and an implementation of the Steam Boiler Control Specification Problem in XYZ/E is presented in this paper. A visual user interface is also implemented.


"The 2015 International Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship" was successfully held on 12th and 13th of December 2015 by Jilin University. The attendees' views of the conference follow: First, the innovation and entrepreneurship of China is now attracting the attention of scholars all over the world, yet the research has seldom been published in the world's top journal. Chinese scholars need to discuss the theory more deeply and develop general conclusions, to build and establish a common theoretical language, which matches with that of the world. Second, at present, the research on innovation and entrepreneurship in China is still based on the western management theory, lacking the integration of Chinese traditional theory and culture. Chinese scholars need to build an eastern management theory which portrays the Chinese situation. Third, the research on innovation and entrepreneurship is gradually changing into qualitative research and case studies and the rich and objective secondary data has been playing more of an important role in each study, Chinese scholars should pay more attention to this previous research. The success of this conference contributes to the development of the Chinese research field and theory of innovation and entrepreneurship.


Polysulphone membranes used for the ultrafiltration of raw biological streams, like abattoir and wool-scouring effluents, are subjected to severe fouling. In a previous study the authors developed a static membrane fouling system to investigate the nat ure of foulants from abattoir effluent and the effects of fouling on membrane performance and character Enzymes specific for the degradation of proteins and lipids were subsequently successfully used in cleaning mixtures to remove foulants from membranes fouled in abattoir effluent. Membranes fouled by wool-scouring effluent were also found to be severely contaminated by protein and lipid material. In this study the same approach, followed for the enzymatic removal of proteins and lipids from abattoir-ef fluentfouled membranes, was applied to membranes that were statically fouled in wool-scouring effluent. The effectiveness of a number of enzyme-based cleaning agents was determined by comparing their ability to remove adsorbed protein and lipid material from the fouled membrane, as well as their ability to restore the water-contact angle and the pure-water flux to the same levels of unfouled membranes. This study showed that the enzymatic approach to biological foulant removal could be successfully applied to polysulphone ultrafiltration membranes used in the wool-scouring industry.


The published article proposes a new economic-mathematical model of the development dynamics of a one-factor enterprise, the restoration of the production resource of which is ensured by capitalization of profits. The features of this model are that to calculate the profit of the enterprise, a production function with variable resource elasticity and an exponential function of production costs are used. To calculate the amortization of a production resource, a differential equation is formulated, the solutions of which can describe the cases of proportional, progressive and digressive amortization. It is shown that the efficiency of the enterprise development dynamics depends on the choice of the value of the capitalization coefficient. An unsuccessful choice of this coefficient does not allow the company to ensure its maximum profit. An equation has been obtained for calculating the effective capitalization ratio, using which the enterprise is guaranteed to enter the operating mode with maximum profit. Variants of enterprise development dynamics for proportional, progressive and digressive amortization charges are considered. Various modes of operation of enterprises are shown, which include stable output by enterprises, temporary suspension of enterprises for the period of its technical re-equipment, and temporary partial curtailment of production.


The utility model relates to a pair of physiotherapy health-care shoes which comprise paste medicine, a massaging body and a sheath-shaped carrier for sheathing on the feet of a human body, wherein the medicine and the massaging body are arranged on the carrier, and an alloy piece for activating the medicine is fixed on the carrier. The massaging body is a prominence having a top surface provided with a groove for holding the alloy piece and a spongy cushion, and the spongy cushion is melted in the paste medicine. When the physiotherapy health-care shoes are used, a shoe-shaped and sheath-shaped carrier is used during daylight, the sheath-shaped carrier composed of a bottom bracket and an upper buckled belt is used at night, the massaging body in the sheath-shaped carrier can carry out massage for acupuncture points on the feet, the alloy piece activates the medicine, and the action of the therapy of the medicine is fully played. The physiotherapy health-care shoes can carry out the continuous therapy in four seasons, during the daylight and at night and can reach optimal therapeutic effect in short time.


If wrongly deals with the discard batteries will comes out the consequences of polluting environment and wasting resources The author considers that the road of retrieving and making use of discard batteries industrially is the right way of dealing with them and puts forward some concrete suggestions


Objective Finding target genes and target pathways of existing drugs for drug repositioning in multiple sclerosis (MS) based on transcriptomic changes in MS immune cells. Materials and Methods Based on transcriptome data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MS patients without treatment were identified by bioinformatics analysis according to the type of immune cells, as well as DEGs in MS patients before and after drug administration. Hub target genes of the drug for MS were analyzed by constructing the protein-protein interaction network, and candidate drugs targeting 2 or more hub target genes were obtained through the connectivity map (CMap) database and Drugbank database. Then, the enriched pathways of MS patients without treatment and the enriched pathways of MS patients before and after drug administration were intersected to obtain the target pathways of the drug for MS, and the candidate drugs targeting 2 or more target pathways were obtained through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results We obtained 50 hub target genes for CD4+ T cells in Fingolimod for MS, 15 hub target genes for Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and 7 hub target genes for Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in interferon-β (IFN-β) for MS. 6 candidate drugs targeting two or more hub targets (Fostamatinib, Copper, Artenimol, Phenethyl isothiocyanate, Aspirin and Zinc) were obtained. In addition, we obtained 4 target pathways for CD19+ B cells and 15 target pathways for CD4+ T cells in Fingolimod for MS, 7 target pathways for pDCs and 6 target pathways for PBMC in IFN-β for MS, most of which belong to the immune system and viral infectious disease pathways. We obtained 69 candidate drugs targeting two target pathways. Conclusion We found that applying candidate drugs that target both the "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" and "Chemokine signaling pathway" (e.g., Nemiralisib and Umbralisib) or applying tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., Fostamatinib) may be potential therapies for the treatment of MS.


Through the comparison of syntactic structure、 operational semantics and algearbraic semantics betweenχ- calculus andπ- calculus,this paper concludes thatχ- calculus has more succinct syntactic structure、 more explicit operational semantics、 more intuitionistic algebraic semantics and more favorable algebraic property. And a translation fromπ- calculus toχ- calculus is presented.


In this paper, we consider the problem of transferring channel state information (CSI) to the nodes of an underwater network. As the CSI is derived by simulating the behavior of the underwater channel via ray tracing, we first discuss a parallel implementation of the ray tracing software obtained using the CUDA architecture, that helps compute the CSI faster. We then consider the problem of making the channel state information compact, and suitable for transmission over underwater acoustic channels. Our results indicate that a feedforward artificial neural network achieves both good accuracy and good compression of the CSI.


Lizard diets can be influenced by several factors, such as age, physiological aspects, food availability, behaviour and foraging mode. The latter can be an important predictor of the type of prey consumed. This study analysed Ameivula ocellifera and Tropidurus cocorobensis diets, both of which are psammophiles and coexist in an area of Caatinga in north-eastern Brazil, but use different foraging modes. Lizard stomachs were examined, and prey categories were quantified by frequency of occurrence, number, volume and relative importance index. We used PERMANOVA and SIMPER analyses to understand the dissimilarities among diets. Additionally, we estimated the degree of trophic niche overlap between species using the Pianka index. The most frequently consumed food item by A. ocellifera was Isoptera and Formicidae (Hymenoptera) for T. cocorobensis. The trophic niche overlap between the species was approximately 0.24 and, although there were many consumed prey categories in common, the proportion at which these prey categories were consumed was quite divergent. For example, the consumption of plant material, which was present in the diet of both species, was much more important for T. cocorobensis compared to the active forager A. ocellifera. Our results indicate that despite sharing the same space and consuming the same prey types, these species have significant differences in their diets. Furthermore, these divergences can be explained by several factors in the environment and even by the evolutionary history of each species, which are included in different families and are not evolutionarily close to each other. Keywords: diet, niche overlap, foraging mode, plant consumption, competition


The present invention, a light emitting region and a substrate having a pixel region defined with a device region; And the switching and driving thin film transistor provided in the device region on the substrate; Is connected to the drain electrode of the driving thin film transistor comprises a first electrode provided in the planarization layer upper portion of the light emitting region, and the driving thin film transistor including an oxide semiconductor layer and each of the oxide semiconductor layer lower and upper first 1 and forms a second gate electrode is a dual-gate structure with the second gate electrode of the organic electroluminescent device is characterized by an upper formed on the planarization layer and the first electrode is provided with the same material of the first electrode It provides.


?Really man is free from any contamination that may affect his body with just mute the noise, decontaminate air, clean water, waste control, among others? Cause it is not. Another type of pollution affecting mankind since the beginning of time radiation of electromagnetic fields. There is not total ignorance of the fact that radiation is a health problem for humanity and due to technological advances, this has increased demonstrating a need to remedy health conditions of the people. Therefore, make the most relevant for the protection of persons exposed to electromagnetic fields make recommendations will allow better management of the necessary studies for the development of projects. The evidenced inconvenient beginning really is being uninformed or misinformed and do not abide by the rules and laws that in the nation, ensure to maintain quality of life for humanity. Therefore, this document presents information that must be taken into account in studies of environmental impacts associated with electronic equipment, antennas systems, technology development, studies with chemical and radioactive elements, among others, that from the point of technically offer advantages and benefits to humans, but, on the other side, affect the health of humanity from the point of view of environmental involvement. In support of this document, are brought to the event entities in Colombia to follow compliance regulations to avoid future problems. Not only national, international also play an important role in sustaining and outcomes studies for generating parameters radioactive exposure limitation. At the beginning, the objective of this work is to encourage the reader to mark a guideline and the basic parameters of concepts and documentation, which will allow better management of environmental impact studies related to EMF exposures and affected populations.


This article is focused on the preparation of barium titanate nanopowder/epoxy composites and studying the effect of barium titanate nanopowder on improving mechanical and thermal characteristics of the epoxy polymer. Composites are prepared by dispersing barium titanate nanopowder in epoxy resin and, subsequently, cross-linking by using diamino diphenyl methane (DDM) curing agents. Synthesis of barium titanate nanopowder/epoxy composites is carried out for different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 by weight) of barium titanate nanopowder at high temperature. High-temperature curing (HTC) involves mixing the resin-nanopowder solution followed by DDM hardener and curing at 120°C. Tensile, flexure, and impact results showed a maximum value of 72.7 MPa, 2.98 GPa, and 2 J/cm, respectively. DSC analysis revealed that curing occurs at low temperature in the presence of barium titanate nanopowder. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) showed the increased thermal stability in the nanoparticle filled epoxy composites as compared with the pure epoxy counterparts. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed, maximum storage modulus of 6400 MPa and glass transition temperature of 154°C for 3 wt% barium titanate nanopowder.


The marketability of interest rate in china is not only an important content of realizing the rational allocation of resources but also th e key to strengthen the indirect controlling of finance. It plays a critical rol e in setting up the modern enterprise system, optimizing the allocation of capit al and modifying the structure of national economy. In recent years, the marketa bility of interest in China has improved greatly and the interest rate mechanism has directed market constantly. However, we are far from the totally marketabil ity of interest rate .There will be a positive pushing effect on Marketability R eform of Interest Rate in China if we can analysis the difficulties intensively and make effective countermeasures associated with the process of the reform of marketability of interest rate .


difference in maternal mortality in the labour ward area; in the before group 7 patients died in labour ward, no patients died in the OCCU group (Chi square test p = 0.01). There was also a significant difference in the total maternal mortality including ICU patients during the analysis period; nine deaths in the before group and 2 deaths in the after group (Pearson Chi square p =0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant reduction in maternal deaths during the study period at Tygerberg Hospital when patients were managed in an Obstetric Critical Care Unit. This model must be implemented in similar tertiary hospitals.


The present invention provides a high - high mature shale organic carbon content calculation method and apparatus, the method comprising: high - too mature shale divided intervals; obtaining segment of each layer of the organic carbon content analysis laboratory values; Get each layer segment log response value; build each layer segments laboratory analysis of the organic carbon content value in response to a correspondence relationship between log values of the characteristic; mapping relationship according to the intervals of all, a method using mathematical fitting determining a high - high mature shale organic carbon content and the functional relationship between the log response characteristic value; function calculated using the determined high - mature shale high organic carbon content. Calculation of the present invention a high - with high accuracy and high organic carbon content mature shale, and reliable characteristics, to provide effective support for the exploration and development of shale gas.


WSN Technology has been widely used in many fields, such as environmental monitoring, transportation security, military defense and so on. However, the salient limit is energy. So, many papers about WSN almost focus on how to save energy. Among all the researches, the most traditional algorithm is LEACH. This paper proposes a new improve method which is called LEACH-N base on LEACH. According to the new protocol, the problem that how to select nodes as the cluster head node depend on the residual energy of nodes in the cluster. This strategy can guarantee the rationality during selecting head nodes. Moreover, the network robustness can be enhanced and the life cycle for the network can be prolonged. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed by this paper behaviors better performance than LEACH in the following three aspects, the numbers of life nodes, energy consumption and data transmission.


We discuss the operator transforming the argument of a function in the L2-setting. Here this operator is unbounded and closed. For the approximate solution of ill-posed equations with closed operators, we present a new view on the Tikhonov regularization.


Nanjing National Government was established,in order to pursue after Sun Yat-sen's thought to flaunt,execute a one-party dictatorship,to construct the party control in the whole of the party-state system,the local party and government relations will undergo a change process,from the beginning of establishment of Nanjing National Government stands party card is apart,and gradually transition to the party and government,reflect the fusion of Chiang kai-shek nationalist party increasingly deepening of control rights,but the Nanjing National Government for the design of the local party system in practice did not reach the expected effect.


Abstract The size, density, mass and crushing strength of arabica and robusta coffee berries were determined for underripe, ripe and overripe samples. The size, density and mass of the berries were the same and not influenced by the stage of ripeness. The crushing strength was higher for the underripe berries along the minor axis for both varieties. The robusta berries were harder than the arabica berries at all stages of ripeness. The size, crushing strength, porosity, bulk density, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat were determined for the arabica and robusta parchments in the moisture range of 9.9–30.6% w.b. The size of the arabica and robusta parchments are independent of moisture content. The crushing strength increased along the length, breadth and thickness and decreased with increasing moisture content. The crushing strength was high across the thickness. The mass of 1000 parchments, porosity, bulk density, true density and angle of repose increased with moisture content for both arabica and robusta parchments. The coefficient of friction on various surfaces increased with moisture content. The mild steel surface offered the maximum friction followed by galvanized iron, aluminium and stainless steel.


The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones and other heterocyclic monomers has opened the door to the preparation of well-defined macromolecules. With a view to limiting the side effects caused by the metal-catalysts generally used in ROP, or to flatter the pride of scientists, keen on mimicking Mother Nature, the organocatalysis methods have aroused huge interest in the polymer community. Well beyond the initial expectations, such a new catalytic tool has provided very interesting features in terms of reaction rate, selectivity and approachable architectures. In this chapter, we propose to describe the important progress in the application of zwitterionic ROP as a strategy to prepare linear but also cyclic polymers when neutral nucleophilic catalysts are used. Among the plethora of organic molecules developed in the bibliography, pyridine-, imidazole-, amidine/guanidine-, tertiary amine-, phosphine- and N-heterocyclic carbene-derived catalysts have been selected and are presented through this chapter.