ABSTRACT The essential oil of Mentha citrata Ehrh. plants collected in full bloom and at the post-flowering stage, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fourteen main components representing more than 90% of the total oil were identified, the main components being linalool (23.8–35.4%) and linalyl acetate (48.7–60.9%).


leak gating KCNKØ demonstrated the attributes expected for a canonical cloned leak channel Single channel and macroscopic KCNKØ currents change instantaneously with voltage steps to a new steady level and demonstrate open (Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz) rectification, that is, they show a linear current-voltage relationship when potassium levels are symmet- Summary rical across the membrane and outward currents under physiological conditions of high internal and low exter- Essential to nerve and muscle function, little is known nal potassium. Like classical potassium channels, about how potassium leak channels operate. KCNKØ KCNKØ demonstrates rapid and selective ion flux opensandclosesin akinase-dependentfashion.Here, through a pathway that appears to hold multiple ions the transition is shown to correspond to changes in simultaneously (Ilan and Goldstein, 2001). These find- the outer aspect of the ion conduction pore. Voltage-ings were anticipated since KCNKØ has P loop se- gated potassium (VGK) channels open and close via quences similar to those that form the permeation path- an internal gate; however, they also have an outer ways in classical potassium channels. Other studies pore gate that produces "C-type" inactivation. While showed that regulated changes in KCNKØ activity result KCNKØ does not inactivate, KCNKØ and VGK chan-from transition between a seconds-long open state and nels respond in like manner to outer pore blockers, an equally lengthy closed state (C long ); this gating transi- potassium, mutations, and chemical modifiers. Struc-tion is kinase determined, voltage insensitive, and medi- tural relatedness is confirmed: VGK residues that ated by the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus that deter- come close during C-type gating predict KCNKØ sites mines activity by regulating the frequency of visits and that crosslink (after mutation to cysteine) to yield durationofthelong-closedstate(Zilberbergetal.,2000). channels controlled by reduction and oxidization. We Classical voltage-gated potassium (VGK) channel conclude that similar outer pore gates mediate subunits have one P domain and six transmembrane KCNKØ opening and closing and VGK channel C-type domains (1P/6TM); they alter activity in response to inactivation despite their divergent structures and changes in voltage through operation of a voltage sen- physiological roles. divergent alter channel


This paper investigates a novel architecture of coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission in the cognitive satellite-terrestrial network associated with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We consider the downlink communication where the UAV and base station (BS) cooperatively serve the terrestrial user by sharing the licensed satellite network spectrum. The goal of this paper is to maximize the achievable rate of the terrestrial user by jointly optimizing BS/UAV transmit power allocation and UAV trajectory, subjecting to the interference temperature threshold imposed on satellite network as well as UAV mobility constraint. The formulated problem is shown in a complicated non-convex form, which is hard to tackle. To this end, we decompose the original problem into two sub-problems, and the block coordinate descent method is employed to solve the two sub-problems alternately. Specifically, for the first sub-problem, the optimal BS/UAV transmit power is obtained with a given UAV trajectory by using the Lagrangian dual method. For the second sub-problem, the UAV trajectory is attained with a given BS/UAV power allocation by using the successive convex approximation technique. Simulation results show that our proposed joint CoMP transmission scheme significantly improves the terrestrial network throughput compared with other benchmark schemes.


There are some forensic investigations which cross the boundaries between Mechanical and Structural Engineering. The investigation of the failures within Belly Dump Assembly's used to transport 150cu.m of product in the assembly shown in the diagram presented was investigated. The loads and general proportions of the assembly are shown pictorially in the diagram presented on the screen.


Modal analysis by point-counting is discussed as a stochastic sampling process dictated by the influences of grid distance and grain transition probabil it ies. Four sampling processes are recognized (Bernoull i, Markov-Bernoull i, Markov-Markov, and Null-Markov) and the probabil ity mass functions appropriate to each described. The counting normal distribution is found to be appropriate to sampling processes in which a Markovian influence occurs. Published methods of error estimation, based on the binomial distribution, are applicable only to the Bernoull i sampling process. A method of point-counting for unbanded rocks, in which data are collected as ft sets of size N and the analytical error estimated in terms of the sample standard deviation, is recommended.


We propose a simplified model to study the possible new heavy diphoton resonance from the cascade decay of a heavier particle at colliders, which may be related to dark matter or other new physics beyond the Standard Model. Model-independent constraints and predictions on the allowed couplings for generating the observed diphoton data are studied in detail. We demonstrate that this scenario can be tested by the possible four-photon signal or the $WW/ZZ/Z\ensuremath{\gamma}$ resonances. Meanwhile, this cascade decay scenario also provides us with dark matter candidates, which is consistent with the observed dark matter relic density.


This paper proposed a phase-closed-loop nanomachining control method to realize the directly control of machining depth based on ultrasonic vibration-assisted AFM. By using applied force to control the machining depth, conventional AFM machining approaches unable to machining a nanostructure with specified machined depth. With the proposed method, the vibration phase of micro-cantilever has a specific relationship with machining depth. Therefore, the nano-grooves with desired depth can be machined by using phase value as feedback of PID control. In this paper, the theoretical analysis and simulation are carried out, and the experiments of phase-closed-loop control method are conducted. The experimental results verify the primary feasibility of the proposed method. The present method also demonstrates the potential on the fabrication of three-dimension nanostructures and nanoelectronic device.


In this work, a novel memristive SRAM cell is designed using seven transistors and one memristor (7T1M). In this 7T1M SRAM cell, the non-volatile functionality is achieved by adding a single memristor and a transistor to the design of a volatile SRAM cell. The designing of the 7T1M SRAM cell also introduces VC-TRL which allows bidirectional current flowing through the memristor, instead of relying on complementary input sources which would require more design components. In this article, memristive SRAM cells available from the literature are simulated using the same simulation environment for a fair comparison. Simulations show that the 7T1M SRAM cell has the least power consumption against other memristive SRAM cells in the literature. The 7T1M SRAM cell operates with an average switching speed of 176.21 ns and an average power consumption of 2.9665 μW. The 7T1M SRAM cell has an energy-delay-area product value of 1.61, which is the lowest among the memristive SRAM cells available in the literature.


The pressure Hessian tensor plays a key role in shaping the behavior of the velocity gradient tensor, and in turn, that of many incumbent non-linear processes in a turbulent flow field. In compressible flows, the role of pressure Hessian is even more important because it represents the level of fluid-thermodynamic coupling existing in the flow field. In this work, we first perform a direct numerical simulation-based study to clearly identify, isolate, and understand various important inviscid mechanisms that govern the evolution of the pressure Hessian tensor in compressible turbulence. The ensuing understanding is then employed to introduce major improvements to the existing Lagrangian model of the pressure Hessian tensor (the enhanced Homogenized Euler equation or EHEE) in terms of (i) non-symmetric, non-isentropic effects and (ii) improved representation of the anisotropic portion of the pressure Hessian tensor. Finally, we evaluate the new model extensively by comparing the new model results against k...


Context: The number of master's-level professional athletic training programs (MLPATPs) has grown by over 400% in the past 10 years; however, little is known about the characteristics of the studen...


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which affects mostly aged between 20 and 40 years. MS causes demyelination of the white matter of the brain with this process sometimes extending into the gray matter. The MS patients show white matter with areas of damage name plaques or lesions. The progressive loss of myelin, a lipoprotein that covers the axon of neurons, inhibits the coordinated and rapid transmission of nerve impulses causing various symptoms that characterize all demyelinating diseases in general and MS in particular. MS is a disease not clinically well characterized since it is unpredictable. The type and severity of symptoms can vary greatly according to the affected CNS areas and the extent of the damage. Recent studies show that the biochemical aspect of the lesions may vary between the different MS forms. However, this is not the predominant reason why patients with MS differ in their symptoms.


The main purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of academic achievement of student Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) teachers with different learning styles. Participants were 148 student ICT teachers from Ankara University. Participants were asked to fill out a personal information sheet, the Turkish version of Kolb's Learning Style Inventory, Weinstein's Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, Schommer's Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire, and Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses showed that the statistically significant predictors of the academic achievement of the accommodators were attitudes and high school GPAs; of the divergers was anxiety; of the convergers were gender, epistemological beliefs, and motivation; and of the assimilators were gender, personality, and test strategies. Implications for ICT teaching-learning processes and teacher education are discussed. Keywords—Academic achievement, student ICT teachers, Kolb learning styles, experiential learning.


We proposed a passenger control strategy and train operation plan collaborative optimization (PCS&TOP) model to schedule the train operation that improves the efficiency of passengers' travel and reduces the cost of train operation for a rail transit network. The model is an integer non linear programming model that aims to minimize the entrance and platform waiting time of passengers and the operation cost of trains. The timetable and variable train formation are integrated optimized, and the turnaround of rolling stock is also considered by constructing the train operation constraints for the model. The coordination of timetables on different lines and the coordination of passenger control strategies at different stations are mentioned by considering the transfer passengers when constructing the passenger control constraints. To solve the model, a multi-operator simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm that includes three types of execution operators corresponding to three main decision variables is proposed. A numerical case that includes 2 bidirectional crossed lines and a real-world case from China are introduced to test the efficiency of the proposed method, which demonstrates better performance than the single and respective optimization solutions.


This paper is a study of effects of non-English-majored graduates' tolerance of ambiguity (TA) on their scores of College English Test grade 6. The subjects for this study are 115 non-English-majored graduates from Yangtze University. The results in this study showed that the non-English-majored graduates' TA was varied and their TA distributed normally; their TA was significantly correlated with their scores in listening and their total scores; there was a weak positive correlation between their TA and their scores in reading; but their scores in writing were not significantly correlated with their TA. The author hopes that the results and analyses in the paper will be a bit helpful to foreign language teaching and learning in China.


Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths. The development of EGFR targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have generated an interest in the molecular characterization of these tumours. KRAS mutations are associated with resistance to EGFR TKIs. EGFR and KRAS mutations have been considered as mutually exclusive. This paper presents three bronchial-pulmonary carcinomas, two adenocarcinomas and one pleomorphic sarcomatoid carcinoma, harboring EGFR and KRAS mutations. Case 1 corresponded to an adenocarcinoma with EGFR exon 21 mutation (L858R) and KRAS codon 12 point mutation (G12V); case 2, a  mucinous adenocarcinoma expressed coexistence of EGFR exon 21 mutation (L858R) and KRAS codon 12 point mutation (G12V); and case 3 a sarcomatoid carcinoma with EGFR exon 19 deletion – del 9bp and KRAS codon 12 point mutation (G12C - cysteine). Based on our experience and on the literature, we conclude that EGFR and KRAS mutations can indeed coexist in the same bronchial-pulmonary carcinoma, either in the same histological type or in different patterns. The biological implications of this coexistence are still poorly understood mainly because these cases are not frequent or currently searched. It is therefore necessary to study larger series of cases with the two mutations to better understand the biological, clinical and therapeutic implications.


We present the results from the laserwire system at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) during recent operation after relocation to the virtual image point of the ATF2 final focus. The characterisation of the 150 mJ, 77 ps long laser pulses at a scaled virtual interaction point is used to deconvolve the transverse laserwire profile demonstrating a 1.16 ± 0.06 μm vertical electron beam profile. Horizontal laserwire scans were used in combination with the vertical scans to measure the electron beam size using a full overlap integral model due to the problems presented by a large aspect ratio electron beam.


Objective Purpose:To describe pathological and radiological features of pulmonarysclerosing hemangioma.Methods The radiological features of twenty-two patients with sclerosing hemangioma of the lung were studied retrospectively and were correlated with the pathologic findings of the resected specimens.Results twenty patients were cured by operation and had been followed up to five years.Scle-rosing hemangiomas appeared as solitary,well-defined masses.Conclusion Sclerosing hemangioma is a rare pulmonary tumor.Clinical and radiological findings are variable.


Purpose : To determine the recovery potential of detrusor function in patients with symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Detrusor Underactivity (DU) who underwent transurethral prostatectomy. Materials and methods : The author systematically performed an online search via PubMed, Embase, Google scholar, and databases of Cochrane Library for articles published till June 2022, the selected studies included Patients with symptomatic BPH with urodynamically con fi rmed DU who underwent transurethral prostatectomy, these studies are original articles published in English languish, randomized or nonrandomized, retrospective or prospective. Research that could not meet the aforementioned inclusion criteria, review articles, letters, experimental studies, and studies with inadequate data to estimate the results were all omitted. Results : The author systemically reviewed 11 selected studies after a total of 4811 records were obtained, our meta-analysis showed relative recovery of detrusor function after Transurethral Prostatectomy in Patients with BPH and DU. However, further studies are needed regarding this subject. 11 studies were included in this systematic review. Seven of these studies are retrospective studies, while the remaining four studies are prospective studies. 9 out of 11 studies reported transurethral prostate surgery (TURP) or TURP/transurethral prostate incision surgery (TUIP) as the standard intervention, 1 study with Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HOLEP) and the remaining study used Photo Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP) as standard procedure. All studies included in the review reported Q max and postvoiding residual (PVR) as parameters for assessment pre and postoperatively, while Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), which is the most important parameter, was mentioned only in 2 studies with complete and satisfactory data. Some of the studies reported BCI as a preoperative assessment but had no post-operative data. We tried to contact some of the authors to collect the missing data, but got no response. Pressure of detrusor at Q max (Pdet at Qmax) was reported in 3 studies, International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) in 9 studies, Quality of Life (QOL) in 7, and Voiding Effeciency (VE) and urinary bladder Compliance were reported only in 2 studies. The number of analyzed patients in our included studies ranged from 20 to 250 patients. Time of outcome evaluation was mostly at 12 months except for 2 studies, which were at 6 months and another study at 3 months. Conclusions : The meta-analysis results showed that patients with BPH and DU who underwent transurethral prostatectomy showed improvement of Uro-dynamic (UD) parameters postoperatively.


Following the publication of the Commission's first application report on the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, this article provides an analysis of the provisions regulating the marketing of food and alcoholic beverages to children. After examining evidence on the impact of food and alcohol marketing to children, it assesses the weaknesses of the Directive's provisions regulating such practices, placing them within the broader context of the Directive and the existing EU consumer protection and fundamental rights agenda. It concludes that the growing health burden of non-communicable diseases in Europe places an onus on the European Union to do far more to prevent children from being targeted by the alcohol and food industries.


SiO2 composite nanoparticles were prepared by reverse microemulsion.The effects of temperature,pH and other factors on the degradation of methyl orange were investigated.And the structure and morphology of the SiO2 composite nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.When adding 0.5g composite nanoparticles to 100mL methyl orange,of which the concentration is 20mg/L,the catalytic degradation rate achieves 95% at the temperature of 353K under the condition of strong acidic solutions.The preliminary catalytic mechanism was introduced,in which the adsorption of methyl orange is the front step of the photocatalytic degradation.The results shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated that the composite nanoparticles distributed evenly among each components and the particle size spans a small scale,which lead to good catalytic performance.


A simple and reliable finite difference approach is presented for solution of the Dirac equation eigenproblem for states confined in rotationally symmetric systems. The method sets the boundary condition for the spinor wave function components at the external edge of the system and then sweeps the radial mesh in search for the energies for which the boundary conditions are met inside the flake. The sweep that is performed from the edge of the system towards the origin allows for application of a two-point finite difference quotient of the first derivative, which prevents the fermion doubling problem and the appearance of the spurious solutions with rapid oscillations of the wave functions in space.


PREVIEW The first attack of erythema multiforme can be alarming to the victim, who is often an otherwise-healthy young adult. In a typical episode, a symmetric pattern of round, red lesions suddenly appears, frequently on the extremities, and erosions develop in the mouth. Fortunately, the condition is self-limited. Unfortunately, it is usually recurrent, possibly because of the ongoing, sub-clinical presence of herpes simplex virus. In this article, Dr Katta summarizes the latest information on erythema multiforme and its management.


Brazil is well known as a country with large social and economic inequalities (Solt, 2016). But in recent years, Brazil has made considerable strides in extending a range of social protections including achieving nearly universal health coverage, expanding community-based primary care through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), and providing a robust conditional cash transfer program (Atun et al., 2015; Guanais, 2015). This special edition of The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management (JACM) presents a series of articles on Brazil's National Program to Improve Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ). The PMAQ, initiated in 2010, is intended to accelerate access to primary care through the FHS while providing resources and pay-forperformance incentives to enhance health care infrastructure and the quality of care provided. The articles contained in the issue vary considerably in their methods and approach, but all make use of data generated as part of the PMAQ's first and second rounds of performance assessment conducted in 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. The first article, "Diabetes Care in Brazil: Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality—PMAQ," by Tomasi et al. (2017) uses data on 8118 health care users with diabetes from the first PMAQ cycle. In it, the authors identify a


Sheet (2) for manufacturing a body of metallic honeycomb (1), especially a body of catalyst support, wherein the sheet (2) is of a material resistant to high temperatures and has on its two surfaces, at least a direction of measurement, an average surface roughness (Ra) of more than 0.3 microns (micrometers), wherein the sheet (2) a metal base material and having on both surfaces an oxide layer (3) having a thickness (D) from 60 to 80 nm (nanometers), meaning the surface roughness (Ra) the material metal sheet base (2) and being uniform thickness (D) on both surfaces with a tolerance of less than 10% .


Fuller's Theorem and the Delta Method are both proposed as methods for obtaining a significance interval for the ratio of two parameters. The relative difference between Fieller and Delta Method lower limits and the relative difference between Fieller and Delta Method upper limits for 95% significance intervals are examined conditional on the observed sample coefficients of variation of the estimators of the unknown parameters and correlation between the estimators The behavior of relative differences are discussed in terms of maximum values of relative differences, conditions for which relative differences are greater than 100% and for which they are less than 10 %. Several rules of thumb for deciding when to approximate a Fieller interval by a Delta Method interval are discussed and evaluated.


This study was aimed to determine some of possible effects of Petroselinum crispum seedduring effects levels hormone FSH , LH and Testosterone terpenoids Extract on albino male ratsaccording to effect on spermatogenesis , body weight , the accessory glands (prostate, seminalvesicles) and some blood physiological parameters (Hb,RBC,WBC,PCV). the experiments weredesigned to evaluate used (40) adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (control andthree treatment ) animals of treatment group received the Petroselinum crispum seed trapenoidsextract 100 , 200 and 300 mg / mg B. wt., respectively orally give 0.5 ml between day to day for50 days while control group receive normal saline all periods treatment were recorded the bodyweight after and before treatment . animals were sacrified after 24 hr. last dose and heart bloodsample for biochemical and physiological study and obtain testes and epididymis their accordingweight purpose histological study also weight prostate , seminal vesicles and compare withcontrol group this results show:1-A significant increase(P 0.05) in the average of WBC whencompare with control group .This study recommends that intake of the terpenoids extract of parsely seeds for male patients whosuffer from sexual impotency .


Marine submersible buoy systems hold significant value as critical equipment in marine science research. This study examines a marine submersible buoy system that includes an anchor block, mooring line, battery compartment, power supply cable, and submersible buoy. The anchor-last deployment method is a conventional strategy for deploying marine submersible systems. Initially, the other components are positioned on the sea surface, followed by the deployment of the anchor block from the ship's deck. The anchor block will pull the battery compartment and submersible buoy into the water and eventually sink to the seabed. In this deployment process, ocean currents have a relatively large impact on the anchor block's landing position. Increasing the weight of the anchor block will make the anchor block land on the seabed sooner, which can minimize the impact of ocean currents. However, an overabundance of weight can generate a significant strain on both the cables, potentially resulting in cable breakage. In order to find the parameters that can make the anchor block reach the seabed as soon as possible and ensure that the tension force of the cables does not exceed the maximum, a dynamic model of the deployment process is established based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and solved using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order. Particle swarm optimization is employed to optimize the key parameters. The penalty function is used to constrain the particle space. The findings indicate that the utilization of particle swarm optimization is efficacious for optimizing the parameters of submersible buoy systems for marine applications. Optimized parameters allow the anchor block to reach the seafloor quickly and the tension on the cables to not exceed the given value.


Little is known about the extent of disabled people's exclusion from the owner occupation market. The focus of this research was to consider how disabled potential owner occupiers experience exclusion at the point of the sales rooms and viewing properties. A multiple case study was undertaken with 11 disabled people who had experience of accessing the owner occupation market. Analysis reveals that disabled people with mobility impairments encounter barriers which are physical, attitudinal and systemic. Conclusions are reached that disabled people meet barriers at the initial stages of buying a home because they are not taken into account at the design stage. Certain key changes in the design of homes for owner occupation are required in order for people with physical impairments to approximate equal terms with other customers in the owner occupation market.


The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) is one of the most complex and powerful instruments currently used to characterise the rheological properties of bituminous binders. However, the DSR also has its limitations in that the parallel plate geometries usually for the testing of homogeneous binders may not be suitable for the evaluation of rubber modified bitumen. The DSR has traditionally only been used for the evaluation of neat, unmodified and homogeneous polymer modified bitumens. This paper evaluates the suitability of different DSR testing geometries to determine rheological properties of 70/100 penetration grade bitumen modified with different types of non-homogeneous rubber modification technologies. A DSR setup, 17mm concentric cylinder spindle (CC17) and a 27 mm cup, was used to perform frequency sweeps on the binders in the temperature range of 20°C to 70°C. In the experimental test setup the concentric cylinder test geometry was compared with a 25mm parallel plate geometry employing a 2mm measurement gap between the spindle and base plate. The test results obtained from the frequency sweep tests were used to construct master curves to determine the influence of each rubber technology on the resultant binder rheology using time-temperature superposition principle (TTS).


In the article the modern banking innovations were investigated which spread in western and russian banks structures. The author represents the main tasks for russian commercial banks to solve to increase competitive position.


Purpose – This paper is intended to give an overview of research on the impact of leadership on student outcomes, the main leadership activities related to these outcomes, and strengths and weaknesses in the research base.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a literature review of key papers addressing the relationship between leadership and student outcomes. Key authors and journals in the field were consulted.Findings – Leadership has a significant indirect impact on student outcomes, though the role of contingency and school context in shaping leadership is important. There is some evidence for impact of transformational, distributed and instructional leadership. The evidence base for an impact of leadership development is limited, however. The research base suffers from significant weaknesses, such as dualism, over‐prescriptivity, lack of international research, limited methodologies, and poor measurement.Originality/value – This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence and point...


A compensation technique for capacitive-load three-stage operational amplifiers is presented in this paper. The com is made of passive components only and, a proposed technique was used to design a three a standard CMOS 65-nm technology. The am 2.64-MHz gain-bandwidth product when capacitance by consuming only 155 μW from Simulation results are found in good agreeme analysis and show an improvement in both large-signal amplifier performance over pr solutions.


Problem: To determine if the stage of oestrous cycle, at the time of immunization, affects the magnitude of mucosal and systemic immunity.


Active surveillance(AS)is now regarded as an alternative strategy of treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC). Most cases of newly diagnosed thyroid cancer are small indolent microcarcinoma and could be good candidates for AS instead of immediate surgery. Many considerations must be taken into account for establishing selection criteria suitable for AS of PTMC, including the characteristics of the tumor, the patient, and the medical team. If possible, AS of PTMC should be a part of a prospective clinical trial to ensure long-term safety and to identify clinical and(or)molecular markers of the progression of PTMC. In this review, we discuss lessons regarding surgical interventions for PTMC, and then describe the concept, application, caveats, unanswered questions, and future perspectives of AS for PTMC. For appropriately selected patients with PTMC, AS can be a good alternative to immediate surgery.

Key words:
Thyroid neoplasm; Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma; Active surveillance


The aim of this article is to characterize a Kenmotsu 3-manifold whose metric is either a gradient Yamabe soliton or gradient Einstein soliton. It is proven that in both cases this manifold is reduced to the manifold of constant sectional curvature. Finally, we verify the obtained results by an example.


The authors discuss the study of matter at very high energy density. In particular: what are the scientific questions; what are the opportunities to makes significant progress in the study of such matter and what facilities are now or might be available in the future to answer the scientific questions? The theoretical and experimental study of new forms of high energy density matter is still very much a 'wild west' field. There is much freedom for developing new concepts which can have order one effects on the way we think about such matter. It is also a largely 'lawless' field, in that concepts and methods are being developed as new information is generated. There is also great possibility for new experimental discovery. Most of the exciting results from RHIC experiments were unanticipated. The methods used for studying various effects like flow, jet quenching, the ridge, two particle correlations etc. were developed as experiments evolved. I believe this will continue to be the case at LHC and as we use existing and proposed accelerators to turn theoretical conjecture into tangible reality. At some point this will no doubt evolve into a precision science, and that will make the field more respectable, but for my taste, the 'wild west' times are the most fun.


ABSTRACT One cause of yellowing or stackburn of rice may be elevated respiration rates caused by storage at either high moisture content (MC) or temperature. The effect of MC and temperature on the respiration rate of Oryza sativa L. 'Bengal' and 'Cypress' rice harvested in the fall of 1998 was investigated. For respiration rate measurement of rough rice at different temperatures, rice samples at high, medium, and low MC were sealed in quart jars and equilibrated to temperatures of 20–80°C. The respiration rate was quantified by measuring the rate of CO2 accumulation in the free air space. To determine the effect of MC on respiration rate, rough rice was tested at 12–25% MC. Respiration was greatly affected by MC and temperature. The response of respiration to temperature was dependent on MC and varied between rice cultivars. Respiration rates increased as MC increased from ≈15 to 25%. Maximum respiration was at 50°C when MC was high (20–25%). At 15% MC, respiration increased from 20 to 70°C, while respir...


The existing researches on the price determination pattern for entrepreneur human capital are based mainly from a static viewpoint but it is in fact a dynamic process with constant modification or adjustment,especially at the initial stage.This article holds the view that the equilibrium price is caused by the entrepreneur's amount equilibrium and capability equilibrium in transaction.In addition,this paper discusses the process of price determination concerning the entrepreneur human capital,and brings forward a general price determination pattern on the base of the entrepreneurial activity and process of price determination.


PURPOSE: To enhance the driving efficiency or productivity of a piezoelectric member in a Gould type ink jet print head. CONSTITUTION: A piezoelectric member 14 wherein a large number of gaps continue in an array form is formed by molding piezoelectric ceramic and a common electrode 17 is provided to the outer surface of the piezoelectric member 14 and individual electrodes 15 and common electrodes 16 are alternately provided to the inner surfaces of the gaps 8,10 to position the common electrodes 16,17 in the almost entire peripheral direction of the gaps 8 becoming pressure chambers 9. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


It was found that, although isovalent, Rh substituted for Ir in Sr2IrO4 may trap one electron inducing effective hole doping of Ir sites. Transport and thermoelectric measurements on Sr2Ir1−x Rh x O4 single crystals presented here reveal the existence of an electron-like contribution to transport, in addition to the hole-doped one. As no electron band shows up in ARPES measurements, this points to the possibility that this hidden electron may delocalize in disordered clusters.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionBudget deficits refer to the case when budget balance making up the income-spending balance of countries results in high levels of surplus on the spending side. On the other hand, the existence of a deficit in the current balance consisting of goods, services, income-expense balance and currents is called current deficit. In addition the country's total investment and savings into this balance leads to the emergence of the concept of triplet deficits (Senturk and Eksi, 2010: 339). In the economic literature, according to the triplet deficit hypothesis explaining the relationship among budget deficits, current deficits and investment-saving gap, there is a positive relationship among those deficits.High level current deficits accompanied with high level budget deficits in the US economy starting from 1980s brought about the concept of "Twin Deficits". The view claiming the fact that there is a positive relationship between these two deficits called "Twin Deficit Hypothesis". The economies presenting both fiscal and current deficits are seen to have twin deficit. The U.S. has experienced this case for very long years. Contrary to this, opposite scenarios presenting fiscal and current profit stand for a better financial position. China has always been emphasized as an example of a country presenting long term financial and current profit.As a prerequisite for mentioning that there is macroeconomic balance in a country, there should be a balance of budget, current and savinginvestment. Keeping a balance amongst these three macroeconomic variables is a basic problem not only for developing countries but also for developed countries. The liberalization movements that emerged not only in the Turkish economy after 1980s but also all around the world and that affected the entire world led to the macroeconomic problems because of the current deficit, budget deficit and the inequality in saving-investment.2. The Emergence of "Triplet Deficits" ConceptThe prerequisite for a sustainable economic growth is the control of current deficits and budget deficits. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult for the developed and developing countries to realize this prerequisite. The idea that budget deficits and current deficits are global issues as capital is mobile has gained importance and the concept of twin deficit has been discussed both on a theoretical and a practical basis. The concept of twin deficits, which was much discussed in 1980s but then was suspended for a decade, finally came to the foreground in the financial policy discussions again in 2000s (Yay and Tastan, 2007:88). The relationship between budget deficit and current deficit, which is principally called "Twin Deficit Hypothesis" in the economics literature, is a hypothesis which is discussed by researchers as both bidirectional and unidirectional. While the theoretical and empirical discussions on this hypothesis are going on, the addition and interaction of savingsinvestment inequality to this deficit creates the triplet deficits concept.According to Vyshnyak (2000), the mechanism providing the interaction between budget and current deficit operates through foreign exchange market. A country experiencing current deficit most probably chooses foreign borrowing in order to finance this deficit. This means that a portion of the future income will be transferred abroad. Then, on one hand there is budget deficit due to borrowing and on the other hand fluctuation in the foreign exchange makes the economy fragile. As a matter of fact, an economy using a stable exchange regime and financing the external deficits via borrowing may be exposed to payment schedule crisis with the volatility in the exchange rates. In a smaller and outward oriented economy where there are flexible exchange rates and full capital mobility, an increase of the government expenditures also increases the interest rates in the domestic economy. …


Prof. Valery Krasnov President of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists Fax +7 495 963–76–24 E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com provide the experience for the development of appropriate mental health care services in regions characterized by deeprooted social changes. Recently new branches of research and practical psychiatry have emerged in Russia, such as ecological psychiatry or an increasing interest in ethnocultural aspects of mental health (3) broadening the spectrum of interdisciplinarity in Russian mental health care. 3. Krasnov VN, Gurovich IY. Russian culture and psychiatry. In: Bhui K, Bhugra D (eds). Culture and mental health. London: Hodder Arnold 2007, 109–121. 4. Krasnov VN (ed). Improvement of early diagnostics of mental disorders (on the basis of interrelationship with specialists of primary care). Moscow: Medpractica-M 2008 (articles in Russian). 5. Krasnov V. The relationship of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression over time. In: Goldberg D et al (eds). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association 2010, 171–178. 6. Smoulevich AB, Syrkin AL, Drobijev MY, Ivanov SV. Psychocardiology. Moscow: Mental Informational Agency 2005 (articles in Russian).


A new, non-iterative  technique for synthesizing equispaced linear arrays with symmetric excitation is proposed. The methods is on the computation of an  eigenvector of an appropriate real, Symmetric and positive-definite matrix. This technique can be used to determine, given a n complete description of the desired radiation pattern, the array excitation coefficients . These derived excitation will produce, either exactly or approximately, the wanted antenna radiation pattern, depending on its complexity and the number of my elements. A number of design  examples are presented to illustrate the practicality and the potential of the proposed method.


New experimental and theoretical data are presented for excitation of the 3B1 and 1B1 states of water by low-energy (9-15 eV) electron impact.


• During recent years, bitcoin has emerged as the best-known and most widely used digital currency. With limited supply and a lack of central authority for its creation, its proponents laud its usefulness as an alternative currency that is free from the inflationary influence of stimulative monetary policy. • This study examines bitcoin's role as a currency and its usefulness as an investment asset. • Results suggest that while bitcoin may be less useful as a currency, it can play an important role in enhancing the efficiency of an investor's portfolio. Executive Summary Chen (Ken) Y. Wu, Ph.D., is an assistant professor


An adaptive dynamic domain algorithm has been proposed to solve the issue that the fixed domain can not adapt to the variation of the cluster scale.By computing the intrusive load obtained by the monitoring system,the algorithm can control the numbers and the sizes of monitoring domains in an acceptable level according to the intrusion tolerance degree.The fixed domain monitoring node is not efficient as its load is high.A floating domain monitoring node method has been proposed to re-select the domain monitoring node and automatically update the roles of the nodes when the load of the node is high.To reduce the overhead incurred by monitoring system and improve the response time of executing monitoring tasks,an adaptive thread pool and a database connection pool have been designed.The measurements on monitoring CPU usage show that the response time of monitoring one node is 128ms,and that of monitoring 20 nodes is 242ms.A comparative performance measurement has been performed between the solutions with an adaptive database connection pool and that without a pool.The results show that the average intrusion on CPU usage in 300 seconds is 1.80% with a pool and 7.53% without a pool,and the numbers of completed tasks are 12 364 and 2 769,respectively.


The decision problems in the title are solved using the solutions of the word and conjugacy problems obtained by Lyndon and Schupp, respectively, for certain classes of groups. 1. Introduction. Each tame knot K has a knot group G whose word problem is solvable by Waldhausen's result (o). Here we give additional results when K is also prime, alternating, and nontrivial. We show that the free product of G and a free group on one generator Xo is a group 77 which falls into one of the categories for which Lyndon (4) and Schupp (5) solved the word and conjugacy problems, re- spectively. (77 has a presentation satisfying the properties C(4) and T3 (4, p. 219).) We thereby obtain another solution of the word problem for G and a solution of the conjugacy problem for G. In the proof, the given knot is replaced with an equivalent one having a knot-diagram with special properties (referred to as a common knot-diagram). Presentations of G and of another group 77 are obtained from a knot-diagram, using Dehn's method (3, p. 157). When the knot-diagram is common, the presentation of 77 (as a factor group of a free group 7) satisfies C(4) and T3. An automorphism of P yields a second presentation of H in which one generator Xo is not mentioned in the defining relations. Adding the relation x0= 1 to this second presentation gives a presentation of G. Thus H is a free product as claimed. 2. Common knot-diagrams. Let K be a nontrivial polygonal knot in 3-space P3. Let K he the range of a continuous function / defined on (O, l), with/(0) =/(l). Assume K is in regular position with re- spect to the projection p which sends (x, y, z) to (x, y, 0). (Knot- theoretic terminology is taken from Crowell and Fox (2).) The knot-


The pollution status of Carbon Monoxide(CO) in street canyon and its horizontal and vertical distribution of concentrations have been discussed in the paper.From the monitoring data,it is showed that the CO concentration in street canyon is relatively high with the peak value in the period of cold months.


The utility model relates to a chaw tank type quantitative sprayer used for treating diseases of oral cavities, throats, tracheas, etc. A bottle cover 3 is in screw connection with a machine storing bottle opening, a quantitative tank 9 is fixedly connected with the center, an inside floating piston 6, a spring 5 and a catheter 7 of a spring 10 in the center in a tank, a moving bead 11 is arranged in an inverse tapered hole at the bottom of the tank, a pressing cover 2 is embedded in the bottle cover 3, and a rotating catheter 12 connected with a spray head 13 is aslant inserted in the pressing cover. The medicine sprayer can spray medicine in a spraying mode without adding propellents, and the poison function of propellents to human bodies can be avoided. The utility model has the advantages of controllable medicine spraying quantity, exact ration, guarantee of the safety of medication and fine and even spray granule, and medicine is easy to be absorbed by oral cavities, throats and tracheas.


Abstract A 'knowledge society' relies on a workforce with high-level skills in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Continuing development of ICT will arise partly from research undertaken by doctoral graduates. However, compared to other cognate disciplines, ICT has relatively few students taking up doctoral studies. This article explores some of the perceived barriers to undertaking doctoral studies in ICT in three Australian universities. Current students were surveyed regarding their post-course intentions relating to employment and further study, and the resulting data was analysed in terms of type of university attended, gender, nationality and first-in-family status. Overall, the perceived barriers to doing a research degree were related to the financial implications of such study and a limited understanding of what research in ICT involves. The following recommendations are made to universities and higher education policy-makers: that universities ensure that students have accurate information about the financial costs of doctoral studies; that students be provided with authentic undergraduate research experiences; and that pathways be developed to facilitate a smooth return to research degrees after periods of working in industry.


was secretary and one of the commissioners. But again we would like to know more about the problems that confronted Gait in this venture. Were Galt's difficulties principally due to dilatory and tape-bound officialdom at home, or to the jealousy of the government in Upper Canada under Sir Peregrine Maitland, who suspected Galt's religious and political soundness because of certain of his writings that the governor had once read? Then there was the problem of the clergy reserves claims which clashed with those of the Canada Company, and of Galt's relations with Strachan which are barely mentioned. The admirable Life and times of Sir Alexander T. Gait by O. D. Skelton (Toronto, 1920), and R. K. Gordon's useful monograph on John Galt (Toronto, 1920) still remain the most valuable authorities on the history of the Canada Company; though from such letters as are quoted in the book under review, there may be gleaned scraps of information that have not been noted elsewhere and which suggest hat much more of historical interest remains to be dug out of Galt's correspondence: as, for example, the fact that Galt's three sons participated in the Rebellion of 1837-8, though, as he observes with evident satisfaction, "they were on the right side" (i.e., for the government); or the fact that in 1826 Galt submitted a plan to the government for the federal union of the 3,merican provinces. Probably Galt's own estimate of the lasting worth of his career is not far from the truth when he wrote in 1834: "When my numerous books are forgotten I shall yet be remembered .... I contrived the Canada Company which will hereafter be spoken of among the eras of a nation destined to greatness." A•r•v• C_•ARRATT DORLAND


into the wavelet packet transform (WPT) modulation scheme for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) band-limited systems is presented. The implementation involves using the WPT as the base multiplexing technology at baseband, instead of the traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) common in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. An investigation for a WPT-MIMO multicarrier system, using the Alamouti diversity technique, is presented. Results are consistent with those in the original Alamouti work. The scheme is then implemented for WPT-MIMO and FFT- MIMO cases with extended receiver diversity, namely 2 ×Nr MIMO systems, where Nr is the number of receiver elements. It is found that the diversity gain decreases with increasing receiver diversity and that WPT-MIMO systems can be more advantageous than FFT-based MIMO-OFDM systems.


Under the situation of almost negative growth of registered household population, large scale transregional flow of Chinese population is the main driving factor of population expansion in large cities. Firstly, we use some rigid data such as the total number of urban mobile phone users at the end of a year to estimate the size of the population of the major cities above prefecture-level cities in China, the results show that there are sixty-two cities with over two million people in China. Secondly, we analyze the effect and the cost of population regulation by nonmarket means of population control by taking example of Beijing Olympic Games, Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games, the results indicate that the city population size regulation mainly by local governmental administrative means has significant effect in short-term, but once the regulation is easing, the city population rapidly returns to its original state in short-term. Thirdly, we explore the spatial distribution and growth evolution of Japanese urban population, the results reveal that the imbalance of regional economic development is the key factor to lead to the floating of the population among different cities and different regions. Finally, we conduct the estimation and analysis of the population evolution in the prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province, the results demonstrate that population flowing from the core cities at Pearl River Delta to their surrounding cities is mainly the back-flow with the industrial transfer. Under market economy framework, administrative means should not be mainly used to regulate population growth in big cities, however, market-oriented means such as industrial upgrading and transfer should be used to control urban population structure.


Customer satisfaction in hotels has been measured by considering different aspects of the client's experience, one of these being interaction with hotel staff. The receptionist is probably the most important member of staff in this context, since this person is the first that the customer meets upon arrival and the one consulted when having a problem or doubt. In this paper, receptionists' views regarding what they consider to be appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviour in reception desk service encounters in Spain are analysed. The results show that (a) the participants have very specific expectations regarding what constitutes appropriate receptionist behaviour and (b) there appears to be a general preference for deference politeness strategies and a focus on the transactional part of the interaction.


Dynamic processes, a bathochromically shifted fluorescence, and strong solvent-induced chirality effects are observed for the [12,12]-perylene-bis(imide)-cyclophane 3, which forms a "fixed supramolecule".


Switched reluctance motors have high efficiency, high power density, high fault tolerance, and low manufacturing cost. They have a high potential to be applied in electric marine propulsion. Efficiency of power conversion is one of the important items. A resonant converter is proposed for switched reluctance motor drive. All high frequency switches in the converter are operated under zero-voltage switching condition. The zero-voltage switching feature provides low switching loss. Operation of the proposed circuit is provided in this paper. Key-Words: Soft-switching, zero-voltage, motor drive, propulsion, switched reluctance motor


ABSTRACTMetallocene/aluminoxane catalysts are among the most important recent discoveries in the field of catalytic polymerization of olefins. Not only their high activities, but also the fact that they permit the synthesis of polymers with superior blends of properties are remarkable both from academic and industrial points of view. This paper will review the major scientific publications and patents regarding metallocene catalysts for the polymerization of olefins and propose a tentative model for catalyst behaviour based on the application of the Stockmayer Bivariate Distribution.


NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) data have been widely used in many business, research and academic areas. This valuable geospatial data has been accessible and disseminated through CropScape - a web-service based online geospatial application. Web geoprocessing services had been required and developed in CropScape to visualize, navigate, analyze, and download the CDL data in an open standard. Especially, an online thematic map generating function had been required by many users to produce, print or share CDL maps of an area of interest without using any mapping software. This paper is concerned with how to develop a new Web geoprocessing service, which uses API functions of Apache Axis2, Geospatial Data Abstraction Library and Cairo graphics library to generate the thematic map of CDL in PDF format with the preferred settings. The resulting geoprocessing service enabled CropScape to create the CDL thematic map interactively, significantly reduced operational resource and cost, and greatly improved efficiency and CDL data presentation.


OBJECTIVE
RNA-seq data of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) were analyzed with bioinformatics tools to unveil potential biomarkers in the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
RNA-seq data of READ were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential analysis was performed with package edgeR. False discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)|>1 were set as cut-off values to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene coexpression network was constructed with package Ebcoexpress. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed for the DEGs in the gene coexpression network with DAVID online tool. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was also performed for the genes with KOBASS 2.0.

RESULTS
A total of 620 DEGs, 389 up-regulated genes, and 231 down-regulated genes, were identified from 163 READ samples and 9 normal controls. A gene coexpression network consisting of 71 DEGs and 253 edges were constructed. Genes were associated with ribosome and focal adhesion functions. Three modules were identified, in which genes were involved in muscle contraction, negative regulation of glial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization functions, respectively. Several critical hub genes were disclosed, such as RPS2, MMP1, MMP11 and FAM83H. Thirteen relevant small molecule drugs were identified, such as scriptaid and spaglumic acid. A total of 8 TFs and 5 miRNAs were acquired, such as MYC, NFY, STAT5A, miR-29, miR-200 and miR-19.

CONCLUSIONS
Several critical genes and relevant drugs, TFs and miRNAs were revealed in READ. These findings could advance the understanding about the disease and benefit therapy development.


The book is devoted to study so-called irregular subsets of the Grassmannian manifold $G^{n}_{k}(V)$ (this class of sets was introduced by author). In the previous variant of the book we restrict ourself only to the case when $V$ is an $n$-dimensional vector space under the field $R$. Now we consider irregular subsets of $G^{n}_{k}(V)$, where $V$ is an $n$-dimensional vector space under arbitrary field.


In this paper,the fermentation technology of Morchella esculenta health wine was studied by using M.esculenta mycelium submerged fer-mentation.The rate of material to water and initial sugar were optimized by the single factor experiments,and the yeast vaccination quantity,the fer-mentation temperature and the fermentation time were optimized by three-element quadratic regression orthogonal composite method.The optimal condition was obtained: the rate of material to water 9∶100,the initial sugar content 11%,the inoculation volume 7%,the temperature 22℃ and the time 92 h.The appearance and flavour of the morchella health wine are both perfect.


To achieve the new global agenda—the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—UN member states and all stakeholders in civil society have their own respective roles to play. The SDGs are to be implemented in the spirit of global partnership. The business sector is expected to contribute in various ways, such as by promoting sustainable consumption and production, decent work for all, and so on. This paper sheds light on two international initiatives aim to promote business engagement in implementation of the SDGs: the Business Call to Action (BCtA) and the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). This paper asks how they can enhance contributions from the business sector to achieve the SDGs by 2030, and asks what kinds of additional functions are necessary. To answer these questions, this paper compares the current services of the BCtA and the UNGC with actual needs as revealed by a survey by the UNGC Network Japan (GCNJ) and interviews with Japanese companies. The paper concludes with key factors needed for the BCtA and the UNGC to help the business sector be effectively involved in implementation of the SDGs.


ABSTRACT: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are one of the major global health issues which is either ignored or gets suppressed due to difficulty in bringing forth the discussion in public domain. However, with the advent of time, naturally obtained solutions are making their mark in diagnostic areas. Algae and its bioactive compounds are amongst the natural and environment-friendly compounds which might provide solutions to the global challenges presented by STDs. Recent studies on efficacy of seaweeds as antiviral components exemplify the undivided attention within the area.The marine seaweeds also known as plants of the sea like, blue green algae; red, brown and green algae, have therapeutic preeminent compounds like lectins, sulfated polysaccharides, carrageenan, carotenoids, fucoidans, which has broad antiviral properties. The present review aims on the understanding of the function and potency of bioactive marine algal compounds which might be studied further in an expansive way to be used as a potential drug against various STDs. An effort has been made to decode the composition as well as the constitution of various types of algae that furnish an elevated level of different prospects which can help in paving the way in diversified areas in scientific and medical assistance.


Frege's unique view about Conceptualism holds an important position in the logical philosophy and the linguistic philosophy,for it not only has the ontological meaning but also has the epistemological meaning.He starts from the function in mathematics,and takes the structure of function and variable as the basis to make a profound discussion and analysis about the concept and function and explained their nature and relation.Therefore,the researching method and achievement of Frege have a great significance to advance the logic and logical study.


Obesity, Diabetes, and Cancer are major health concerns worldwide. Studies are ongoing to find a molecular drug target that simultaneously regulates these diseases. One such protein is adiponectin which modulates numerous physiological processes and regulates pathways associated with these diseases. Here we have reviewed the potential of adiponectin as a drug target and discussed possible mechanisms by which herbal compounds can modulate its function. Adiponectin exerts its function by binding to its transmembrane receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2), which stimulate signaling cascades involved in regulating these diseases. Adiponectin activity can be enhanced by the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), or several natural compounds(like curcumin). The mechanism by which these phytocompounds influence adiponectin activity at the molecular level is unclear. Here we have summarized various natural compounds that can modulate adiponectin activity and in silico, examined the mechanism by which curcumin regulates adiponectin activity. Our molecular docking studies results indicate that curcumin can act as a ligand for PPARγ and activate adiponectin. Understanding the adiponectin activation mechanism will help develop new herbal drugs to cure obesity, diabetes, and cancer.


Organic thin film transistor (OTFT) based device modeling and circuit application is a rapidly emerging research area. Taking cognizance of this fact, our paper reviews various basic to advanced OTFT structures, their performance parameters, materials of individual OTFT layers, their molecular structures, OTFT charge transport phenomena, and fabrication techniques. The performance of p- and n-type conducting polymer and small molecule organic semiconductors are reviewed primarily in terms of field effect mobility, current on/off ratio, and operating voltage for various OTFT structures. Moreover, different organic/inorganic materials for realizing the dielectric layer, electrodes, and the substrate in an OTFT are analyzed. Some of the compact models that are essential for predicting and optimizing the device performance are described that takes into account the mobility enhancement factor and channel length modulation. A detailed study of the single gate, dual gate, vertical channel, and cylindrical gate OTFT structures is carried out. Furthermore, the paper discusses some of the interesting and upcoming applications of organic transistors such as inverters, light emitting diodes (LEDs), RFID tags, and DNA sensors. Although organic transistors boast of a bright future with a wide spectrum of applications, but they still face several challenges in terms of mobility, voltage swings, noise margins, sub-threshold slope, stability, etc., that needs to be resolved to make them a commercially sustainable and viable technology.


The interregional mobility of high-skilled workers may induce an underinvestment in local public higher education when subfederal entities independently decide on education expenditures to maximize local output. This well-known result, which is due to a positive interregional spillover of local education policy when some individuals emigrate upon graduation, can reverse once taking student mobility into account. When local education policy attracts foreign students, a negative spillover takes place, and the actual discrepancy between decentralized policy and the global-output-maximizing solution depends on the relative size of the two spillovers. The paper also presents a variant of the model with local governments' objectives resting exclusively upon natives' utility.


Provided are a thin film transistor and manufacturing method, array substrate and display device thereof, for improving the electrical performance of the thin film transistor and the quality of an image displayed on the display device. The thin film transistor of the present invention comprises a gate electrode (2) located on a substrate (1), a source electrode (8), a drain electrode (9), a semiconductor layer (4), a gate insulation layer (3), and a first metal barrier layer (5); the gate insulation layer (3) is located between the gate electrode (2) and the semiconductor layer (4); the first metal barrier layer (5) is located among the source electrode (8), the drain electrode (9) and the gate insulation layer (3); the first metal barrier layer (5) and the semiconductor layer (4) are disposed on the same layer; the first metal barrier layer (5) prevents mutual diffusion between the materials forming the source electrode (8) and the drain electrode (9), and the material forming the gate electrode (2).


Some classification problems, such as the NTCIR06 F-term patent classification task, have general or specific relations between the target class labels. Consequently, in such cases, it is desirable that the relations among the labels can be taken into account in the evaluation measures. For example, if a system assigns an incorrect label to one instance and the assigned label has close relation with the true label, then the system may deserve some credit, rather than being given no credit at all as is the case with conventional evalu-


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject compound having both of an acetylene-type unsaturated compound and an adamantyl-type group, having remarkable activities in the fields of differentiation and growth of cell, and useful for skin diseases associated with keratinization disorder, rheumatism or the like. CONSTITUTION: A compound of formula I {X is H or a halogen; R 1 is H, CH 3 or CH 2 OR 4 [R 4 is H or a lower alkyl; Ar is formula II to formula V (R 11 is H, a halogen, a lower alkyl or the like) or the like; R 2 is H, a halogen, a 1-20C alkyl, OCHOCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 or OR 13 (R 13 is H or a 1-20C alkyl)]; R 3 is OCHOCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 or (Y) n (CH 2 ) q R 14 [Y is O, S or the like; (n)=0, 1; (q)=0-12; R 14 is H, a lower alkyl, an alkenyl or an alkynyl]}, for example, 4-[3(1-adamantyl)-4- methoxyphenylethyl]benzoic acid. Further, a compound of the present invention may be obtained, for example, by coupling a zinc derivative obtained by converting an acetylene derivative with a halogenated derivative in the presence of a palladium catalyst in a solvent such as THF, and the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


A vertical bipolar bidirectional switch (BipAC) is proposed for specific AC mains applications 230 V - 50 Hz. The BipAC exhibits an ON-state voltage drop lower than 1 V and allows an ON-state and OFF-state control with respect to a single electrode which is at the reference potential. It can be realized either on an N substrate (type PNP) or on a P substrate (type NPN). Its low voltage drop and its ON/OFF control with respect to a single reference electrode make it interesting for applications with low load current (<; 1 A rms). This study is based on 2D physical simulations carried-out using Sentaurus™ software.


The Echmepteryx hageni complex in Florida includes 3 species. Two are described as new and a full description of E. hageni (Packard) is presented. In Florida, E. youngi n. sp. seems to be the only bisexual member of the complex. Males of E. intermedia n. sp. are unknown, and those of E. hageni are extremely rare. In southern Florida E. youngi occurs in most plant communities dominated by trees or shrubs but where its range overlaps that of E. hageni, it is restricted almost entirely to the sand scrub communities and occurs primarily on 2 species of pine.


Pseudo-semantic labeling represents a novel approach for automatic content description of video. This information can be used in the context of a video database to improve browsing and searching. In this paper we describe our work on using face detection techniques for pseudo-semantic labeling. We present our results using a database of MPEG sequences.


We propose a simple and biologically legible formalism to represent proteinprotein and protein-DNA interaction networks. This seems a useful preliminary step towards computer-aided exploration and engineering of such systems, though for the moment it is still unclear what kind of biologically relevant questions one would be prompted to ask if such tools were available.


Ischaemic stroke initiates a pathological cascade resulting in brain injury and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only available and approved drug, thus identification of novel therapeutic targets is essential. There is increasing evidence that men and women differ in incidence, mortality, and outcome following stroke yet the majority of preclinical stroke studies tend to focus on single sex, for in vivo studies, or mixed-sex if using in vitro approaches.The aim of this study was to establish a sex-specific in vitro model of ischaemia to then investigate if the effectiveness of neuroprotective steroids (i.e. oestrogens, progestin) were affected by biological sex. The aim was also to identify sex differences in the molecular processes activated under ischaemic conditions. Male and female-derived organotypic hippocampal sliced cultures (OHSCs) were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in order to model ischaemia. Treatment with sex steroid hormones (e.g. progesterone and oestrogens) did reduce the amount of cell death but some sex differences were observed. Administration of a caspase inhibitor, i.e. Q-VD-OPH, significantly reduced the amount of cell death only in female-derived OHSCs while poly (ADP) - ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition, (via PJ-34 inhibition) significantly reduced the amount of cell death only in male-derived OHSCs. The ability of progesterone and oestrogens to induce neuroprotection were not affected, in both sexes, by the inhibition of caspase or PARP.Following the establishment of a sex-specific in vitro model of ischaemia we showed that caspase activation is a major contributor to cell death in female-derived cells only whereas, in contrast, PARP is a major contributor to cell death in males. This adds further evidence to sex differences in the specific elements of the cell death pathways activated following ischaemic stroke and highlights the need to consider sex effects when investigating novel therapeutic targets.


Elevated [CO2] reduced thermoregulation of sorghum leaves due to lower stomatal conductance, and exacerbated photosynthetic depression under water and heat stress.


The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with combination of royal Jelly (RJ) plus green tea (GT) or propolis (PR) plus GT on thermo-physiological response, growth performance, blood biochemicals and carcass traits. Total of 60 NZW weaned rabbits (5 wk of age and 703.03±11.59 g LBW) were assigned into three similar groups of 20 rabbits in each (10 males and 10 females). Rabbits in the 1and 2 groups were fed complete feed diet (CFD) supplemented with 2 g GT/kg and orally treatment twice/week with 150 mg RJ/kg (G1) or 0.5 g PR/kg LBW (G2). However, rabbits in the 3 group were fed the same CFD without any supplements and orally treated with one ml saline and served as a control group (G3). Throughout the experimental period (August and September months), temperature humidity index (THI), rectal temperature (RT), LBW, feed intake (FI), viability rate and performance index (PI) were recorded, and daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were calculated at 5-9, 9-13 and 5-13 age intervals. Blood samples were collected from three males from each group for determination of total proteins (TP), albumin (AL), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), creatinine, urea, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations, as well as activity of aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) transaminases in serum. At 13 wk of age, three males from each group were slaughtered to evaluate carcass traits. Meat samples from hind limb were taken for chemical analysis. Results show that rabbits extremely severed from heat stress throughout all months studied. RT reduced in G2 (P<0.05) and G1 (P≥0.05) as compared to G1, being better in males than in females. Both G1 and G2 showed marked improvement in LBW, DWG, RGR, FI, FCR and PI as compared to G3, being with the best G2, in particular, at 5-9 wk of age. VR was the highest in G1, and higher in females than females only in G2. Concentrations of TP, AL, GL, AL: GL ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, creatinine and urea as well as activity of ALT in blood serum were not affected by treatment. Serum glucose concentration was higher (P<0.05) in G2 than in G1, while both groups did not varied significantly from that in G1. Also, AST activity in serum reduced (P<0.05) in G1, but did not differ in G2 as compared to G3. Concentration of T3 and T4 was higher (P<0.05) in G1 than in G2 and G3. All carcass traits and meat composition were not affected significantly by treatments. Economic feed efficiency was the best in G1, followed by G2, and the lowest in G3. In conclusion, treatment of weaned rabbits during growing period under summer ambient temperature from 5 to 13 weeks of age with green tea in combination with royal jelly or propolis twice/week resulted in improving growth performance, viability rate and economic feed efficiency without adversely effects on rabbit health, in particular, at 5-9 wk age interval. A combination of royal jelly with green tea showed the best results.


It is shown that the variable star HD 178450 = V478 Lyr is a chromospherically active G8 V single-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.130514 days. This star is characterized by strong UV emission features and a filled-in H-alpha absorption line which is variable in strength. Classified as an early-type BY Draconis system, it is similar to the BY Dra star HD 175742 = V775 Her. The unseen secondary of HD 178450 has a mass of about 0.3 solar masses and is believed to be an M2-M3 dwarf.


With the development of society and the progress of the ages,College English Test(CET-4) is constantly reformed.Since 2005,the new question type of Chinese-English translation has been in CET-4.In the new question type,students committed many representative and common errors.In order to know about and learn from these errors,this paper conducts a survey on Non-English major classes,sums up these common errors,analyzes the causes of these common errors and puts forward corresponding strategies to correct errors in teaching,with the use of error analysis,the widely used theory in second language acquisition.


EMPIRICAL research in the sociology of religion has varied widely in terms of units of analysis. Three general foci have tended to underlie most of the empirical work done in this field: the individual (e.g. the social psychology of religion)2; religion as a social movement (e.g. the sect-church typology)3; and individual churches of a deviant or unusual nature.4 With certain exceptions5 there has been relatively little attention paid to the more "normal" type of urban congregation. This is unfortunate because it is in these local congregations that the majority of church-goers can be found, and empirical research which ignores this aspect of religious organization is incomplete and somewhat truncated. This paper seeks to remedy the deficiency in this area of research by presenting an analysis of urban congregations in one city based upon research carried out on a sample of 37 local congregations representing two denominations. First we will present a brief discussion of the research on which the typology is based. Then we will proceed with a detailed discussion of the typology itself, ending with a brief summary of what the paper has attempted to accomplish.


The dynamic mechanical properties of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced polyester measured along the fiber direction were recently investigated. In the same polyester, the type of organosilane coated on the glass fiber, the amount of organosilane, the fiber volume fraction, and the fiber diameter affect the value of the loss tangent, tan δ, at the glass-transition temperature of the glass-fiber-reinforced polyester. The interfacial shear strength and the tan δ at the glass-transition temperature of the glass-fiber-reinforced polyester show good correlation suggesting that the latter can be used to characterize the quality of the interphase. Factors affecting the glass-transition temperature and the application of Zorowski and Murayama's equation in the characterization of the interfacial adhesion are also discussed.


Abstract : The goal of this work is to provide accurate chemical kinetic information on individual reactions for use in Army propellant combustion models. A critical review was prepared, discussing the best data for a number of dark zone species reactions. The effect of the rate coefficients, and their temperature dependence, on the models is described. Experimental and theoretical studies of NH reactions have been made. It is shown that HNO can not be a product of its reactions with CO2 and H2O. If it were, nitrate ester combustion would not show dark zones, contrary to the observations. For the NH + H2 reaction k(833-1432 K) was measured to be 3.5 x 10 (-11)exp(-7758 K/T) cm(3)molecule(-1)s(-1).


[Objective] To study the no naked pancreatic surface in the cavity of jejunum on pancreaticojejunostomy. [Methods] Pancreaticoduodenctomy (Whipple's) was performed for 57 cases with pancreatic exocrine secretions following the pancreatic duct, there was no naked pancreatic surface in the cavity of jejunum, and jejunum ringed the pancreatic nub. [Results] There was no anastomotic leakage. There was no dilatation of pancreatic duct or pancreatic enzyme deficiency shown during followed-up. The duration for accomplishing the anastomosis was 20 minutes averagely. [Conclusion] The technique of no naked pancreatic surface in the cavity of jejunum and pancreatic secretions following the duct can be routinely used in any case with pancreaticoduodenectomy.


A stress-strain state of the elastoplastic material around a circular hole under localization of shear strain on the equiangular spirals from different families is considered. The shear lines are modeled by cuts with conditions on them providing the possibility of appearing of discontinuities in shear displacements. An elastoplastic material stress-strain behavior outside the shear bands is proposed. A fi nite element method is used for numerical modeling this problem. The contour lines of maximum shear stresses for different location of shear lines in the domain are constructed.


It is the critical issues of the 21st century to achieve global scale 3E problems, which are keeping Environmental preservation, Energy security, and Economic growth. Recently there are several recommendations to affect national energy policy. Climate change due to carbon dioxide in atmosphere has not been fully proved, but Precautionary Principle to reduce carbon emission has been adopted internationally because it will be too late to cope with disaster after a century. It is a time to take much longer time span for energy planning to cope with future energy crisis, which seems inevitable due to apparent limit of resources.


The workflow systems with conventional C/S architecture often have resource bottleneck in server.The few currently existing P2P based workflow systems fail to utilize advantage of Web services.To avoid above shortages,this paper presents the architecture of a P2P Web workflow management system.It imports a notification mechanism to realize the distributed ma-(nagement) of workflow.Activities in workflow are implemented with Web services and workflows become Web services which could run on Internet.It overcomes the defect of the central server,has stronger adaptability,scalability,flexibility and better performance.


To elucidate the variation of species composition, biomass and length distribution of flatfishes by the period and region in the Uljin marine ranching area, bottom trawl survey was investigated at the six stations from Feb. 2008 to Dec. 2010. During the survey period, a total 4 families 17 species in the Pleuronectiformes, average 69,158 and 5,625 were identified, in 2008 appeared in 14 species, average 25,798 and 2,333 and in 2009 appeared in 13 species, average 102,360 and 5,634 and in 2010 appeared in 14 species, average 75,704 and 8,632 . The individual dominant species, occupying over 10% of total individuals, was Pleuronectes herzensteini (20,811 ind., 30.0%), Hippoglossoides pinetorum (18,666 ind., 26.9%) and Glyptocephalus stelleri (13,499 ind., 19.4%) also the biomass dominant species, occuping over 10% of total biomass, was P. herzensteini (2,207 kg, 39.3%), Pleuronectes yokohamae (857 kg, 15.3%), H. pinetorum (761 kg, 13.5%), Kareius bicoloratus (677 kg, 12.1%). From the cluster and MDS analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of species number and individuals in the Uljin marine ranching area from Feb. 2008 to Dec. 2010 was divided into two different groups of the flatfishes community in 2008 and from Jan. to Apr. in 2009 and 2010 (Group A) and the pleuronectiform community in from May to Dec. in 2009 and 2010 (Group B). From the cluster and MDS analysis using the similarity of demersal organisms community among six stations, the Uljin marine ranching area was divided into two different groups of Group 1 (St. 1 and St. 3) and Group 2 (St. 2, St. 4, St. 5 and St. 6).


• This means that adaptive programmes will achieve their potential to deliver strong VfM when their processes are good – when appraisal of experimental efforts is timely, consistent, knowledgeable and politically astute. As these programmes mature in their implementation phase, VfM evaluation should be focused on checking for a culture of adaptation and learning supported by strong adaptive processes.


Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are an essential part of flexible electronic and energy devices. As a promising alternative to ITO (In2O3:Sn), silver nanowire has poor environmental stability and adhesion, which limits its development. Herein, transition metal carbides and carbonitrides called MXene are inserted between silver nanowires and graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition to improve the conductivity, adhesion, roughness, and stability of the electrode. Nanosheets fill the voids of the network and connect the nanowires with graphene to provide more conductive channels. In addition, due to the solvent evaporation effect and thermal effect in the preparation process, the nanowire junctions are welded together. Based on the unique structure, the proposed composite TCE shows low sheet resistance (18.1 Ω sq−1) and high optical transmittance (88.1% at 550 nm). Furthermore, compared to the reference samples, the composite TCEs demonstrate stable electrical performances under different environmental conditions, including thermal environment, exposures to air for 80 days, and bending for 2000 cycles. Finally, flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) are prepared using the composite TCEs, which show comparable efficiency to that of ITO‐based OSCs. Therefore, the flexible transparent electrodes are expected to be applied in solar cells, organic light‐emitting diodes, and a broader range.


A study has been made of the flow of air and particles and the heat transfer inside a solar heated, open cavity containing a falling cloud of 100-1000 micron solid particles. Two-way momentum and thermal coupling between the particles and the air are included in the analysis along with the effects of radiative transport within the particle cloud, among the cavity surfaces, and between the cloud and the surfaces. The flow field is assumed to be two-dimensional with steady mean quantities. The PSI-Cell (particle source in cell) computer code is used to describe the gas-particle interaction. The method of discrete ordinates is used to obtain the radiative transfer within the cloud. The results include the velocity and temperature profiles of the particles and the air.


This article describes a methodological approach for the intelligent control of parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by the inclusion of the concept of driving cycles. In this approach, a fuzzy logic controller is designed to manage the internal combustion engine to work in the vicinity of its optimal condition instantaneously. In addition, based on the definition of microtrip, several driving patterns are classified that represent the congested to highway traffic conditions. The driving cycle and traffic conditions are then incorporated in an optimisation process to tune the fuzzy membership function parameters. In this study, the optimisation process is formulated to minimise the HEV fuel consumption (FC) and emissions as well as the satisfaction of the driving performance constraints. Finally, optimisation results are provided for three different driving cycles including ECE-EUDC, FTP and TEH-CAR. TEH-CAR is a driving cycle that is developed based on the experimental data collected from the real traffic condition in the city of Tehran. The results from the computer simulation show the effectiveness of the approach and reduction in FC and emissions while ensuring that the vehicle performance is not sacrificed.


While previous research has demonstrated the role of decision‐making styles in attaining various real‐life outcomes, it has neglected to explore the underlying goal‐related processes in terms of goal dimensions (ways in which people appraise their goals during goal striving). The present study examines whether the most studied decision‐making styles are related to self‐reported effort, goal progress, and action crisis as well as other goal dimensions. We conducted 14 studies (mutual conceptual replications) with Ntotal = 2574 (70% females) which included the General Decision‐Making Styles questionnaire and various goal‐related scales. The results from the mini meta‐analysis showed that the rational and intuitive styles were positively related to the goal dimensions associated with successful goal pursuit (e.g., goal commitment, goal attainability, positive emotions, and goal progress), while the avoidant style was mainly related to various difficulties associated with goal striving (e.g., controlled motivation, negative emotions, and action crisis). The dependent and especially spontaneous styles were found to be very weakly associated with the selected goal dimensions. When the separate studies were analyzed in the regression analyses and more process‐oriented goal dimensions were accounted for, decision‐making styles were only minor predictors of self‐reported effort expenditure, goal progress and action crisis. The study highlights the need and usefulness of a more nuanced processual approach in the research of individual decision‐making differences in goal‐directed behavior.


5 or 7-Trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones 3, 5, 10, 13 and 4- or 6-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 15, 16, 19, 21 were prepared from 6-aminouracils and 5-aminopyrazoles, respectively, in good yields by the use of building blocks such as 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-buten-2-one, and ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate.


Preparation of β–SiC nanorods with and without amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layers was achieved by carbothermal reduction of sol-gel derived silica xerogels containing carbon nanoparticles. The β–SiC nanorods with amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layers were obtained by carboreduction at 1650 °C for 1.5 h, and at the end of 1.5 h the temperature was steeply raised to 1800 °C and held for 30 min; they are typically up to 20 µm in length. The diameters of the center thinner β–SiC nanorods within the amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layers are in the range 10–30 nm, while the outer diameters of the corresponding amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layers are between 20 and 70 nm. The β–SiC nanorods without amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layers were produced by carbothermal reduction only at 1650 °C for 2.5 h, and their diameters are in agreement with those of the center thinner β–SiC nanorods wrapped in amorphous SiO_2 layers. Large quantities of SiC rod nuclei and the nanometer-sized nucleus sites on carbon nanoparticles are both favorable to the formation of much thinner β–SiC nanorods. The formation of the outer amorphous SiO_2 wrapping layer is from the combination reaction of decomposed SiO vapor and O_2.


The principal objective of this thesis is the development of low-cost numerical tools for spatial mapping
of pollutant concentrations from field observations and advanced deterministic models. With increased
pollutant emissions and exposure due to mass urbanization and development worldwide, air quality measurement
campaigns and epidemiology studies of the association between air pollution and adverse health
effects have become increasingly common. However, as air pollution concentrations are highly variable
spatially and temporally, the sensitivity and accuracy of these epidemiology studies is often deteriorated
by exposure misclassiffi cation due to poor estimates of individual exposures. Data assimilation methods
incorporate available measurement data and mathematical model to provide improved approximations of
the concentration. These methods, when based on an advanced deterministic air quality models (AQMs),
could provide spatially-rich small-scale approximations and can enable better estimates of effects and
exposures. However, these methods can be computationally expensive. They require repeated solution of
the model, which could itself be costly.
In this work we investigate a combined reduced basis (RB) data assimilation method for use with
advanced AQMs on urban scales. We want to diminish the cost of resolution, using RB arguments, and
incorporate measurement data to improve the quality of the solution. We extend the Parameterized-
Background Data-Weak (PBDW) method to physically-based AQMs. This method can rapidly estimate
"online" pollutant concentrations at urban scale, using available AQMs in a non-intrusive and computationally
efficient manner, reducing computation times by factors up to hundreds. We apply this method
in case studies representing urban residential pollution of PM2.5, and we study the stability of the method
depending on the placement of air quality sensors. Results from the PBDW are compared to the Generalized
Empirical Interpolation Method (GEIM) and a standard inverse problem, the adjoint method,
in order to measure efficiency of the method. This comparison shows possible improvement in precision
and great improvement in computation cost with respect to classical methods. We fi nd that the PBDW
method shows promise for the real-time reconstruction of a pollution field in large-scale problems, providing
state estimation with approximation error generally under 10% when applied to an imperfect model.


SUMMARY This investigation examined medical students' motivations for participating in a volunteer community-based program for pregnant women provided primarily to traditionally underserved groups. Demographic, psychosocial, and motivational characteristics of 40 students participating in the Maternal Care Program were assessed with a self-report instrument. Medical students' motivations to participate (assessed in 6 volunteer motive categories) were higher in all categories than those found in previous studies of active adult volunteers, and university students. The rank-ordering of the importance of the motive categories also differed for medical students compared to the other groups. Finally, important differences in both the strength and the rank-ordering of motivations was found for male and female medical students. These group and gender differences are discussed in terms of their theoretical importance, as well as their practical implications for how medical schools might recruit students, encourag...


Invited for this month's cover are Takahiro Tsuchiya and Yasuhiro Mazaki, and their colleague Yuka Katsuoka, from Kitasato University, Japan, along with collaborators from Bruker Japan (Kenji Yoza) and Rigaku Corporation (Hiroyasu Sato). The cover picture shows the twisted structure of 2,2'-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,1'-biazulenes, which form a 3:3 cyclic complex with PdCl2 . The rotation of the bonds at the 1,1'-positions of the azulene subunits was padlocked by the complexation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201900262.


This study intended to interpretate the current value of the cultural landscape resources in Gwansan region, Gwangju-si. The 35 significant cultural landscape resources in Gwangsan region appear education, people in history, living residence, religion & belief, distribution of cultural site, tomb, industry, topographic scenery characteristics. They are classified such as 22 traditional landscape resources, 7 modern landscape resources, 6 natural landscape resources. The significant cultural landscape resources were evaluated by value items of 4 natural landscape, 4 social, and 5 cultural. As a result of value evaluation on the cultural landscape resources in Gwangsan region, the highest value were appeared on the cultural items, while the lowest value were appeared on the social items. And high evaluation were appeared on regional identity, cultural preservation, regional monumentality, visibility, while low evaluation were appeared on unique naturality and connectivity of assets.


In this study, we adopt a three-stage approach, DEA method, Frontier regressions, and DEA method to estimate bank efficiency based on information obtained from 29 banks in Taiwan for the period from 2002 to 2004. In the first stage, we employ super SBM (super Slacks-Based Measure) to estimate the scores relating bank efficiency including internal risk. In the second stage, a stochastic frontier regression model is then employed to estimate the external environment risk effects. In the third stage, we employ DEA method again to estimate the scores relating bank efficiency including the internal risk and excluding the external risk. Our empirical results from the three-stage approach are summarized as follows: (1) The mean efficiency score of public-owned banks is higher than that in mixed banks, and private-owned banks under the first and three stage (2) The performance of banks incorporating internal risk is superior than incorporating both internal and external risk. (3) Incorporating external risk has no effect on the efficiency of public banks, but has the most significant effect on the efficiency of private banks.


AIM: To determin the content of ginkgolide A\,B in the Ginkgo injection. METHODS: The HPLC method with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD)was established to determine the content of ginkgolide A,B in the Ginkgo injection. The analysis was carried out on C 18 Column.The mobil phase is H 2O MeOH THF(70∶25∶12) The operating conditions of the ELSD were obtained with a nebulizer nitrogen flow rate of 2.95L/min and an evaporator tube temperature of 105℃. RESULTS: No interference was found in the ginklides peak situation.The method was simple,had good linear relationship. The relative standard deviation of the reproducibility were 1.88% and 1.64% respective and the average recovery were 98.5% and 97.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method can be used for quality control.


The aim of the publication is to present the issues of innovation and its barriers and to show barriers to innovation and directions of activities undertaken by the organization, so that personnel processes are innovative. The theoretical aspects of the personnel processes of the organization are presented, as well as the nature and barriers to innovation in the organization. The results of my own research are presented below. In the study I have used literature analysis of the subject and the survey technique, as well as the one- dimensional analysis statistical method


The generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) theory of superconductivity (SC) is briefly surveyed. It hinges on three distinct new ingredients: (i) Treatment of Cooper pairs (CPs) as actual bosons since they obey Bose statistics, in contrast to BCS pairs which do not obey Bose commutation relations; (ii) inclusion of two-hole Cooper pairs (2hCPs) on an equal footing with two-electron Cooper pairs (2eCPs), thus making this a complete boson–fermion (BF) model; and (iii) inclusion in the resulting ternary ideal BF gas with particular BF vertex interactions that drive boson formation/disintegration processes. GBEC subsumes as special cases both BCS (having its 50–50 symmetry of both kinds of CPs) and ordinary BEC theories (having no 2hCPs), as well as the now familiar BCS-Bose crossover theory. We extended the crossover theory with the explicit inclusion of 2hCPs and construct a phase diagram of Tc/TF versus n/nf, where Tc and TF are the critical and Fermi temperatures, n is the total number density and ...