A method for extending the service life of a roll line (20) used in a continuous casting process, which roll line (20) comprises a shaft (24) having an outer diameter and at least one roll mantle (28) having a corresponding inner diameter arranged to be supported on the shaft (24). The method comprises the steps of reducing the outer diameter of the shaft (24) and/or increasing the inner diameter of the at least one roll mantle (28) when worn, and re-using the shaft (24) of reduced outer diameter and/or the at least one roll mantle (28) of increased inner diameter with at least one roll mantle (28) of corresponding inner diameter and/or a shaft (24) of corresponding outer diameter respectively. Alternatively, the method comprises the step of re-using the shaft (24) of reduced outer diameter and/or the at least one roll mantle (28) of increased inner diameter together with at least one component inserted therebetween or with a shaft (24) and/or at least one roll mantle (28) respectively with at least one component inserted therebetween.


The paper analyses the assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspection stations in the Slovak Republic in the period of 2007 – 2019. There are described the legislative conditions for assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspections stations in the Slovak Republic. Data from technical inspections and defects within all technical inspection stations was recorded in the nationwide information system. These data was used as base for the next analysis. This paper also describes the possibilities for detection of deficiencies at technical inspection stations, and in the final part the impact of expert supervision on the operation of the selected technical inspection stations was analysed. The paper also examines significant factors affecting the assessment of the technical condition of vehicles at technical inspection stations in the Slovak Republic. The first factor represents legislative measures introducing more sophisticated technical means to control technical inspection stations, and the second factor is technical supervision by supervisory authorities over technical inspection stations.


A quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm(QEA) based on gray code observation is proposed to overcome the large fluctuation range of quantum and low probability of continuous observation of nearby real number with binary observation mechanism in traditional QEA.Since quantum is good at global searching and gray code is good at local searching,the proposed algorithm can well balance exploration and exploitation.It can make the evolution of quantum more smooth and more efficient.Experiments show that the algorithm can avoid premature and local extreme.Meanwhile,the accuracy and convergence speed are improved.


The polyaromatic title compound, C20H14BrN3O3·0.5C7H8, has an extended and reasonably flat conformation. The hydroxy H atoms are involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds only, while C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Br interactions link the molecules into two-dimensional networks.


Water vapour has little effect on the oxidation rate and scale composition of a nickel-based SY 625 alloy oxidized between 900 and 1100°C. At 900 and 1000°C, the outer scale is composed of Cr2O3 and a continuous NbNi4 - Ni3Mo subscale is found at the oxide/alloy interface. At 1100°C the scale is composed of an outer chromia scale and an internal CrNbO4 subscale. The oxide scale morphology differs between dry and wet conditions. Under dry conditions the oxide scale appears to be compact and chromia pegs are observed at the internal interface. Under wet conditions, porosities are observed inside the scale. At 1100°C some scale spallation is observed under dry and wet conditions.


We study three corporate non-market strategies designed to influence the lobbying behavior of other special interest groups: 1) "astroturf," in which the firm covertly subsidizes a group with similar views to lobby when it normally would not, 2) the "bearhug," in which the firm overtly subsidizes the lobbying activities of another interest group, and 3) self-regulation, in which the firm voluntarily limits the potential social harm from its activities. All three strategies can be used to reduce the informativeness of lobbying, and all reduce the welfare of the public decision maker. We show that the decision maker would benefit by requiring the public disclosure of funds spent on astroturf lobbying, but the availability of alternative influence strategies limits the impact of such a policy. JEL Numbers: L51, Q28


Copper phthalocyanines are commercially important organic pigments for blue shades of colour. They are dispersed by mechanical means as tiny molecular crystals (of dimensions 0.02—0.5 μm) into a wide range of commercial media to form products such as printing inks, paints and coloured plastics. Many important technological properties of copper phthalocyanine pigments, including colour strength and dispersion performance, depend on the physical properties of their crystals, notably crystal lattice type, crystal size and crystal shape. The roles which these crystal properties play in determining a copper phthalocyanine pigment's technological performance are briefly reviewed. The reduction of crystal aggregation during the manufacture of a copper phthalocyanine pigment and the control of flocculation in an application medium are also highlighted.


Objective : High prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in patients with panic disorder (PD) has been reperted. PD has a lot in common with IBS on the viewpoints of symptomatology, pharmacother-apy and the brain-gut axis theory. However, precise characteristics of PD patients with IBS are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of PD patients with IBS, Method : The participants of this study were 150 PD outpatients (37 males and 113 females, mean age was 33 .7 ± 9.5 years old) , who met DSM-IVcriteria. PD patients completed Rome II Modular Questionnaire (RMQ), Scale of PD symptoms, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results : The prevalence of IBS who met Rome II criteria was 36.0% of all participants, The onset of IBS preceded in 38.9%, the onset of PD preceded in 29.6%, and the simultaneous onset was found in 14.8%. The PD significantly prevalence anticipatory anxiety


A new approach to microwave imaging is presented in this paper. Based on the representation of the object in terms of space harmonics it is possible to formulate a smoothness constraint without use of the method of employing additional cost functions as in known regularization schemes. Using this approach, an iterative microwave imaging method is presented which is capable of quantitatively imaging high-contrast and lossy objects from scattering parameter measurements of a cavity loaded with the object. Numerical examples and comparison with measurements of prototypes show excellent accuracy.


The correct interaction of logistics and marketing with digital technologies and innovations contributes to the expansion of channels in the distribution system and increases the efficiency of product promotion to the market. The transition to online commerce and digital production makes us take a fresh look at the methods of introducing new technologies and innovations into business.


This article outlines improvements to Irish child protection laws with introduction of new offences and a revised vetting requirements under the National Vetting Bureau (Children and Vulnerable Persons) Act 2012 and other legislation. Explains: (1) the current vetting procedure for prospective employees who have unsupervised access to children and vulnerable adults; (2) the establishment of the National Vetting Bureau; (3) the database system containing the register of relevant organisations, register of vetted persons and register of specified information; and (4) the new vetting process.


Gaspard Monge (1746-1818) was a man of extraordinary talent. Despite humble origins, he founded one new branch of mathematics, made major early contributions to a second, and became a close friend of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). Monge was born on May 9 or 10, 1746, in Beaune, France [15, p. 9]. His father, a peddler and later a storekeeper, valued education and saw to the education of his three sons. By age 14, Monge made his exceptional ability evident by independently constructing a fire engine. At the College de la Trinite in Lyon, he so impressed his teachers that they invited him to teach physics at age 16 or 17. In the summer of 1764, at age 18, Monge returned to Beaune. There, having devised his own plans of observation and constructed his own surveying instruments, he created with remarkable skill and care a large-scale map of his hometown. (The original is still at the Beaune library.) Word of this map reached the prestigious Ecole Royale du Genie de Mezieres (Mezieres Royal School of Engineering), and a high-ranking officer there offered Monge a position as a draftsman. Although Monge was unaware that he could not become a student officer because he was a commoner by birth, his decision to accept the offer turned out to be a good one. Monge was politically active, and held several government posts. From 1783 to 1789 he was an examiner of naval cadets, and from August or September 1792 until April 1793 he was Minister of the Navy, a position made difficult by the troubles and failures of the French navy, which made Monge a target of criticism. Shortly after resigning as Minister of the Navy, Monge began supervising armaments factories and writing instruction manuals for the workers. Monge supported the French Revolution, but in the turmoil that developed, many people had unjust accusations leveled against them and were executed. Monge himself was sometimes in danger, and at one point, after being denounced by the porter at his lodgings, he left Paris. In 1796, Napoleon wrote to Monge to offer him his friendship and a position. The two had met when Monge was Minister of the Navy and Napoleon, then a little-known artillery officer, had been impressed by how Monge had treated him. Monge was sent to Italy to obtain artworks for France, and during 1798 and 1799 he accompanied Napoleon on his Egyptian campaign. After establishing the Consulate in 1799, Napoleon named Monge a senator for life.


This document presents the results of a study commissioned to survey and summarize major environmental monitoring projects in the US-Canadian transboundary region. Projects with field sites located within 400 km (250 mi) of the border and active after 1980 were reviewed. The types of projects included: ambient air-quality monitoring, ambient water-quality monitoring, deposition monitoring, forest/vegetation monitoring and research, soil studies, and ecosystem studies. Ecosystem studies included projects involving the measurement of parameters from more than one monitoring category (e.g., studies that measured both water and soil chemistry). Individual descriptions were formulated for 184 projects meeting the spatial and temporal criteria. Descriptions included the official title for the project, its common abbreviation, program emphasis, monitoring site locations, time period conducted, parameters measured, protocols employed, frequency of sample collection, data storage information, and the principal contact for the project. A summary inventory subdivided according to the six monitoring categories was prepared using a computerized data management system. Information on major centralized data bases in the field of environmental monitoring was also obtained, and summary descriptions were prepared. The inventory and data base descriptions are presented in appendices to this document.


Objective To investigate the influence of PP242on the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells(HLEC)and the expression of GRIM-19.Methods Immortal HLEC SRA01/04 were cultured and divided into five groups and treated with different concentrations of PP242(100,250,500,750,1 000 nmol/L)respectively.With Cell Counting Kit-8 Colorimetric assay,the growth of cells in each group was examined at 12 h,24 h and 48 h after treatment.By using real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction and immunoblot assay,the GRIM19 expression of the cultured cells SRA01/04were examined 48 h after PP242 treatment at both mRNA and protein levels.Results The inhibition ratio of different concentration of PP242 on culturing HLEC was as below:12 h:8.59%,14.53%,19.62%,23.01%,28.80%;24 h: 10.22%,19.67%,34.92%,42.90%,46.86%;48 h:24.19%,48.13%,54.54%,61.36%,65.34%.Compared with the control group,the difference was of statistical significance(P 0.05).According to the immunoblot assay,the expressing level of GRIM-19 protein in HLEC was significantly increased after 48 h treatment of PP242;the real-time quantitative PCR result confirmed that the expression of GRIM-19 mRNA was enhanced.The absolute quantitative result of mRNA was 0.700±0.112,0.994±0.128,and 1.584±0.173,respectively.Compared with the control group(0.456±0.177),the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion PP242 showed an concentration and time dependent inhibitive effect on in vitro cultured HLEC,PP242 up-regulated the expression of GRIM-19 in the process of inhibiting the proliferation of HLEC.


The concept of customer loyalty is gaining extreme importance in the banking industry these days. This is due to the benefits offered by loyal customers to the bank like price premium, repeated purchases etc. and secondly on account of lesser cost involved in retention of existing customer as compared to acquisition of a new customer. But development of effective loyalty building strategies requires deeper understanding of the drivers of customer loyalty. The paper aims at identifying the drivers of exporting SMEs' banking loyalty. SMEs have been specifically focused upon in this research study as these have been identified as an important segment of banks' market. A cross‐sectional research on 300 small and medium exporting enterprises through a structured questionnaire has been conducted. The results indicate that presently switching rate of exporting SMEs is low but potential switchers do exist who consider switching to a new bank. Results further conclude service quality as multi‐factor predictor of customer loyalty. Customized services followed by service speed & efficiency and financial factors have been identified as the main drivers of exporting SMEs' banking loyalty. Apart from researchers, the present study is very beneficial for banks also since an important segment of banks' customers named as 'Potential Switchers' has been identified who needs specific attention. Hence, these customers can be targeted with effective retention strategies and can be converted into satisfied stayers.


The prostate cancer occurs more in the male above 50 years old and the incidence increases with the age. There are no specific symptoms in the early stage. Digital rectal examination, serum prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound are the main methods for diagnosing prostate cancer. Radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy and others are mostly used in the treatment of prostate cancer. The treatment programme is made according to the patient's age, general condition, tumor stages and grades. New drugs targeting cell signaling pathway, tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation have gradually been entering clinical treatment and can improve their prognosis.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Oscillatory transport in electron Fabry-Perot interferometers F.E. CAMINO1, P.V. LIN, V.J. GOLDMAN, Stony Brook University — We report experiments on GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure interferometers in the integer QH regime with filling f = 1 − 4. Etch trenches define the device, which consists of an electron island connected to the 2DES bulk via two wide constrictions. Front gates deposited in the trenches permit to fine tune the device. When tunneling occurs in the constrictions, electrons perform closed orbits around the island, producing an AharonovBohm oscillatory signal in the conductance. On QH plateau transition between f + 1 and f , we observe f oscillations per flux h/e. In contrast, for all fillings, we observe one oscillation per back-gate charging period e. We also report a linear dependence of magnetic field period on front-gate voltage for three devices, with the slope inversely proportional to f . We attribute this behavior to self-consistent electrostatics of the electron island, and discuss the models of edge channel structure. 1Present address: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory


Spectrum sensing finds spectrum opportunities for cognitive radio (CR) and enables CR users to work without harmful interference to primary users. Most of existing contributions on spectrum sensing detect whether a primary signal is present or absent. Since the ultimate goal of spectrum sensing is to avoid interfering with primary receivers (PRs), it is more efficient to detect PRs directly. In this paper, we propose a proactive spectrum sensing scheme to detect whether a PR is within the coverage or the interference range of a CR transmitter by exploiting the close-loop power control that has been widely used in wireless systems. With the proposed scheme, the CR user may still be able to access the licensed spectrum band even though a primary signal is detected as long as its transmission does not interfere with the PR. As a result, more spectrum opportunities can be exploited compared to conventional spectrum sensing methods.


This article discusses the identity of the main characters; Rehana, Leela, and Usha  in Lipstick Under My Burkha film released in 2017. The main objectives of this research are to explore how four major characters negotiate the desire of their lives with the patriarchy and social norms that they should obey. This study employs qualitative research method with a cultural approach using the technique of library research. The text is analyzed by using identity theory by Stuart Hall to interpret how women reach their freedom in life. This study not only analyzes the characters of women who wear a burkha but also analyzes all of the four major characters in this film because the main point of this film is about women's dream that cannot be conveyed. The result shows that the four women characters in this film are trying to reach their dream; freedom for woman. Freedom to dress as she wishes refers to Rehana, a freedom to be loved refers to Shireen, freedom to choose a life partner refers to Leela and freedom to do what they want refers to Usha. The attitude and behavior of the four major characters in this film are limited by the patriarchy (manpower) and the social norms. The patriarchy in this film refers to Rehana and Shireen's life because there are men power represented by the father figure in Rehana's life and husband figure in Shireen's life. Then,the social norms appear in Leela and Usha's lifeasboth of them do immoral acts and make them feel ashame.


It is often not difficult to analyze the effect of the influence of a great artist upon one of his minor followers. This influence is usually limited to an undigested repetition of figures, compositions, or the most striking stylistic characteristics of the greater artist. However, when the influence is being exerted from one master upon another of almost equal caliber, who will recreate the elements of influence into a totally new work of art, an analysis of the extent of this influence is often reduced to generalities. One can point to a vague similarity in the proportions of the figures or the similarity in the means of delineating forms, but such indications say little about the impact and assimilation of the influence upon the second artist and, therefore, reveal little about the relationship between the two artists.


Documented grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) mortalities have been increasing in recent years in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), due, in part, to increases in bear numbers and range expansion. Previous research has documented that variable seed production of whitebark pine (WBP; Pinus albicaulis), an important fall food, is inversely related to grizzly bear fall mortality.  However, WBP has experienced widespread mortality during the last decade because of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestations. We investigated trends in causes and distribution of human-caused mortalities for independent-aged (≥ 2 yrs old) grizzly bears in the GYE during 1975–2012, and the effect of WBP cone production on numbers of fall (> 1 August) mortalities (n = 172) during the period of WBP decline (2000-2012) using Poisson regression. During 1975–1982, 91 percent of mortalities occurred within the Grizzly Bear Recovery Zone and primary causes were poaching/malicious killings and losses related to conflicts with livestock. During the two most recent decades most mortalities were associated with ungulate hunting, usually involving self-defense kills, or anthropogenic sites, and an increasing percentage of mortalities occurred outside the recovery zone. Using predictor variables of cone production, sex, location in or out of the Recovery Zone, and year suggests: 1) annual cone production was still predictive of human-caused fall mortalities, 2) no evidence of a difference in annual numbers of fall mortalities between males and females, and 3) an increase in annual mortalities over the study period, with most of this increase outside the Recovery Zone.


It is very difficult to quantitatively determine how the life history of a population of animals affects the population size, but this is important for conservation planning. In their Perspective,
 Coulson
 and colleagues discuss new work (
 SA¦ther
 et al .) that uses comparative population dynamics to show that the different life histories of species result in predictable differences in population size fluctuations.


We study the elementary C*-algebra whose elements are the sum of a diagonal plus a compact operator. We describe the structure of the unitary group, the sets of ideals, automorhisms and projections.


Positive use of language by both teachers and students can create an environment of success and encouragement in schools, argues Professor Emad Hamode


ABSTRACT This article deals with one-dimensional axisymmetric quasi-static coupled thermoelastic problems with time-dependent boundary conditions. Laplace transform and finite difference methods are used to analyze the problems. Using the Laplace transform with respect to time, the general solutions of the governing equations are obtained in transform domain. The solution is obtained by using the matrix similarity transformation and inverse Laplace transform. We obtain solutions for the temperature and thermal deformation distributions for a transient and steady state. It is demonstrated that the computational procedures established in this article are capable of solving the generalized thermoelasticity problem of a hollow cylinder with nonhomogeneous layers.


Photograph of Butch Strunk seated at a booth during the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. A woman and two young boys are visiting the booth and one boy is holding a gourd up for Strunk to look at. Behind them, there are gourds spread on a table with a checkered cloth in front of a metal fence and other gourds are hanging above. In the background, a residential street and pedestrian are visible through the bars of the fence.


In this paper we present a novel scheme for multiframe target detection in radar systems. The proposed architecture consists of a pre-processing stage, which extracts a set of candidate alarms (or plots) from the raw data measurements, and a multi-frame detector, which jointly elaborates observations from multiple scans, so as to exploit the space-time correlation in the pre-processed data, and confirms only reliable plots. A computationally efficient algorithm is derived, which accounts for the inherently sparse nature of the lists of candidate plots and resolve possible data association problems due to the presence of multiple targets. A thorough complexity and performance analysis is given.


The influence of chronic administration of ethyl alcohol in white rats (15% solution instead of water, ad libitum, during 8 months) and essential phospholipids on the peripheral blood picture and myelogram was studied. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte counts and leukocytes dropped uniformly in the group of animals poisoned with alcohol. Stimultaneous administration of essential phospholipids exerted a protective effect with respect to the fall in hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts.


Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods. Generally, a based fingerprint verification automatic system, takes advantage of the matching between one on-line acquired fingerprint image and the related database fingerprint image. The proposed system is mainly characterized by noise immune algorithms and by a new operator based on an extension of the Tanimoto distance. The system is able to deal with stained ink-on-paper acquired images with translation and/or rotation problems, too. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the system was tested with the entire Nist 4 database fingerprint. The achieved verification rate on the entire NIST 4 database is above 92 %.


The research  study was aimed at investigating the influence of varying hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations on the microbial density of agricultural soil samples polluted with crude oil. Soil samples were randomly collected at depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm from Botanical Garden  of  University of Calabar, Calabar . The study was completed within a duration of six months. Standard microbiological techniques were used to isolate, identify and characterize isolates from the collected soil samples. The result obtained from the study showed that the mean total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts were higher in the soil samples collected during the wet season compared to its counterpart collected during the dry season. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts were higher in the crude oil polluted soil sample compared to its un-polluted soil counterpart. The microbial density of the analyzed soil samples increased with a corresponding increase in crude oil exposure (0% - 10%) but decreased at 15% of crude oil exposure.  Also, the microbial density of the collected soil samples were observed to decrease with  increasing concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) of lead, manganese, and zinc (mg/l). Microbial diversity in the polluted soil sample were identified as Bacillus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium, Yersinia, Shigella, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Candida. Comparison of the mean physicochemical parameters of the crude oil polluted and the un-polluted soil samples showed significantly (P< 0.05) lower values of pH and available phosphorus in the polluted soil sample, whereas the organic carbon, and total nitrogen, exchangeable cat ion capacity, lead, manganese, and  zinc were significantly (P<0.05)  higher in the polluted soil compared to that of the un-polluted soil sample. However, from this study, it is evident that the presence of crude oil in soil environment influences the microbial density, diversity and physicochemical characteristics of soil, and this in-turn could stimulate a wide variety of environmental issues, therefore these calls for environmental consciousness to be instilled into the public to avoid indiscriminate spillage or disposal of oil.


The purpose of this article is to present the safeguard role of the labour law in the context of labour law disputes. Authors deliberate to what extent the procedural law impacts the substantive law. Particular attention was paid to new institutions of the Polish code of civil proceedings introduced by the law of 4 July 2019 and their influence on the procedural position of the parties of the employment relationship.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carrying intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) can serve as an aerial platform to improve the coverage area and transmission performance of traditional wireless network. In this paper, we investigate the weighted sum rate maximization problem for a UAV-assisted and IRS-based multi-user communication system. Specifically, by applying the alternating optimization approach, we propose a two-phase approach to effectively optimize the number of activated reflective elements, the precoding matrix, the phase shift, and the UAV location. Numerical results validate that the proposed approach can converge at a faster rate and improve the weighted sum rate performance.


In this paper, the influence of the stabilization temperature on the bonding configuration and the structural and textural properties of sol-gel glasses in the SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -CaO system is presented. Raman and infrared spectroscopy are used for detecting and quantifying the local changes in the glass structural symmetry. It is demonstrated that the heat treatment leads to a re-polymerization of the glass structure through condensation reactions, inducing configurational transitions from reactive chains to the more stable condensed rings. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the presence of nanocrystalline areas associated with orthophosphate groups, presenting different features depending on the stabilization temperature.


This is an attempt to evaluate the mental disorder that the novelistVirginia Woolf suffered, and to determine the relatioship between her creativity and herinsanity. What mostly characterizes her illness is the presence of typical phases of severelyimpairing depression and significant hypomania, culminating in suicide at the age of 59. Thisis a convincing life history of a bipolar II disorder, although the «broad bipolar spectrum» is lesseasy to define operational than bipolar disorder I. She was moderately stable as well asexceptionally productive from 1915 until she committed suicide in 1941. Virginia Woolf createdlittle or nothing while she was unwell, and was productive between attacks. A detailed analysisof her own creativity over the years shows that her illnesses were the source of material for hernovels (Rev Med Chile 2005; 133: 1381-88).(


Ten Eucalyptus veneers were dried using a hot-press with a pressure of 0.2 MPa, temperature of 120°C and pressing time of 30 mins. The horizontal and vertical moisture content (MC) fields of the veneers were examined during the hot-press-drying. The results showed that, in the horizontal direction, MC on the center of the veneers was slightly higher than that on the edge during the drying process. However, there was no significant difference between them. In the vertical direction, the MC field taking NO.4, NO.5, NO.6, NO.7 veneers as center were symmetrical. MC of veneers near the platen was low, while middle veneers' MC was high. 10 veneers were divided into 4 groups by symmetric position. There was a significant difference in veneers' MC of different groups, while the difference of veneers' MC in same group was not significant. Final MC of 10 veneers still had significant difference, while the range had reduced from 10.62 to 3.56 %, which meet the veneer drying requirement.


Background and target: The optimization of single assets or a portfolio of assets is a ubiquitous task in energy and commodity trading. Assets may be of various types, such as storage facilities (e.g. batteries or water reservoirs for power, heat or gas storage), decentralized or large power plants to produce or convert a commodity, transport via shipping or pipeline as well as sourcing or supply contracts partly with terms such as minimum or maximum offtake.


We present a unifying framework for nonsmooth convex minimization bringing together $\epsilon$-subgradient algorithms and methods for the convex feasibility problem. This development is a natural step for $\epsilon$-subgradient methods in the direction of constrained optimization since the Euclidean projection frequently required in such methods is replaced by an approximate projection, which is often easier to compute. The developments are applied to incremental subgradient methods, resulting in new algorithms suitable to large-scale optimization problems, such as those arising in tomographic imaging.


For a conventional organic and inorganic synthesis, at least one solid reagent splitting and mixing parallel synthesis and combinatorial chemistry is provided a compressed tablet dosage quantitative, each containing the same predetermined amount of the compressed tablets said at least one agent, which is embedded in a polymer matrix comprising polymer beads, the polymer used in the synthesis of the predetermined solvent does not dissolve, disintegrate the tablet can be in the solvent, releasing the at least one reagent and the base in the solvent as a dispersion polymer beads. Polymer beads, and the dosing agent dosage form of the substrate may be easily removed by filtration, to separate soluble products formed from these substances. In the method for producing the dosing dosage form, one or more reagents mixed with the polymer beads and compressed into tablets after the organic solvent is aprotic pretreatment.


Eastern Tethyan oceanic sediments now outcropped in Himalayan mountains preserved important information for understanding the evolution both of the Tethyan Ocean and of Mesozoic paleoclimate and palaeoceanography. Based on the stratigraphic record from Tibetan Himalayas, this paper overviewed the studies of paleoceanographic events(oceanic anoxic events, oceanic red beds and oxic events, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) and major geological events(Early Cretaceous magmatic event and Late Cretaceous tectonic uplift event in northern Indian margin, India-Asia initial collision event; Eastern Tethyan seaway closure event). The studies of high-resolution biostratigraphy, short-term paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes should be strengthened in near future.


Abstract Conclusion: It is suggested that vertigo in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome is mostly induced by superior vestibular neuritis consecutive to the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection from the geniculate ganglion through the faciovestibular anastomosis. Refractory hearing loss in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome may be due to cochlear neuritis following the spread of VZV. Objectives: An attempt was made to selectively identify vestibulocochlear nerves in the internal auditory canal (IAC) on gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Methods: Fourteen patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome presenting with facial palsy, herpes zoster oticus, vertigo, and/or sensorineural hearing loss were scanned on 1.5 T MRI enhanced with Gd. Perpendicular section images of the IAC were reconstructed to identify the facial, superior, and inferior vestibular nerves and the cochlear nerves separately. Results: All except one of the patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome with vertigo showed both canal paresis on the caloric test and Gd enhancement of the superior vestibular nerve in the IAC on MRI. Among 10 patients with hearing loss, 3 patients with severe to moderate sensorineural hearing loss showed Gd enhancement of the cochlear nerve in the IAC on MRI.


As for the present pragmatic translation teaching in English major,there exist some problems in the aspects of course arrangement,textbook,number of pragmatic translation teachers,students' pragmatic translation practice and their translation ethics education,which put pragmatic translation teaching into a difficult position and consequently impose a negative impact on the training of pragmatic translators.In order to find a way out of the difficult position,therefore,it is necessary to make a proper course arrangement,to strengthen the publishing of comprehensive pragmatic translation textbooks and training of pragmatic translation teachers,to guide students to take part in pragmatic translation practice and put adequate emphasis on the students' translation ethics education.


In this paper, one new species and a record of Dasyhelea from northwest China are described. Type specimens are deposited in the Medical Entomological Collection, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. 1. Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) effusa Liu et Yu, sp. nov. (Figs.1~2) The new species has 6 bristles on clypeus. Wing length is 1.05 mm, its width is 0.32 mm. There are 8 metatibial distae bristles and 19 metatibial comb. Tarsal TR: Fore tarsal is 2.17, middle tarsal is 2.73 and hind tarsal is 2.33. Aedeagus wide and blunt, paramere thin and aedeagus top is like a short hook. Apical dilation of parameres short and small. This new species is similar to Dasyhelea similinigrina distributed in Afghanistan, but the differences between them is the morphology of aedeagus and paramere. The aedegus of the new species is apparently short and sharp, that of D. similinigrina is long and blunt. Holotype ♂, Paratypes 2♂♂, collected from Wuwei City of Gansu Province, in July 1988. 2. Dasyhelea (Pseudoculicoides) bifida Zilahi-Sebess, new record from China (Figs.3~5) Dasyhelea fasciigera bifida Zilahi-Sebess, 1936:44, Hungary. Dasyhelea furva Remm, 1967:21, Caucasus. Dasyhelea bifida Zilahi-Sebess, Navai 1994:364, Afghanistan. Specimens studied: 1♂, Wuwei City, Gansu, in July 1988; 1♂, Yinchuan City, Ningxia, in July 1972; 3♂♂, Tacheng and Hejing of Xinjiang, in July 1986.


A current regulator and a control method thereof is provided to prevent dimming without a complex calculation in a diming step by using a current controller supplying a proportion to the brightness. A current regulator(40) operates a light emitting diode providing a driving current is supplied to the emitting diode in proportion to((L+a) / b)^n. A brightness controller is used to determine the level of L of brightness, and a, b, and n is a constant. A first function circuit supplies a current in proportion to((L+a)/b), and a second function circuit supplies a current in proportion to((L+a)/b)^2.


The Sounds of Commerce is a study in ®lm music. It is primarily concerned with the evolution of the pop score, which has taken place over approximately the last half-century. The effects of the pop score can be witnessed within the textÐin the broadening of possible permutations of musical meaning; and also beyond the textÐin the reorganization of cultural production techniques. A strength of Jeff Smith's book is that it gives equal weight to the ways in which an aesthetic object is at the same time both an artwork, and a product of industry. Throughou t the book, Smith serves up qualitative textual analysis combined with a history of ®lm music production based on empirical evidence. Of main concern is the work of Henry Mancini, John Barry, and Ennio Morricone, but Smith also gives attention to the compilation soundtrack, so prominent in today's market. The Sounds of Commerce is an ideal text from which further studies in ®lm music should proceed. Because the book covers such complicated sets of relationships in both the qualitative and quantitative spheres it does not exhaustively analyse any one area. Smith's wide-ranging approach does, however, consider ®lm music from many angles. One such focus throughou t the book, and one which I will brie ̄y attend to, is the emergence of a particular musical formÐthe popular songÐas the central component of the ®lm score. Distinguishing the soundtracks of earlier Hollywood ®lms from those of the present day is the widespread use in the latter of the popular song. Earlier ®lm scores were based largely on the tradition of Western classical music, featuring predominantly symphonic orchestral compositions. Smith speci®es this as the neo-Romantic model. One device common under this model is the `leitmotiv', a brief musical phrase, easily recognizable and used as the starting point for further, often more complex, harmonic development. Through the use of motivic development, the musical scores of these ®lms serve the narrative by engendering audience association with mood, character, setting, etc. This neo-Romantic idiom was displaced at the centre of ®lm music as other genres of music assumed popular appeal. A great many of these genresÐfolk, jazz, blues, rock, soul, etc.Ðare based on the song form, which is structured according to the arrangement of speci®c parts: verse, chorus, and bridge. Perhaps the most widely accepted de®ning characteristic of the song form is that it conveys a lyrical meaning. While the ®lm in itself can be considered a meaningful unit, the song is also a discrete set of signi®ers, one which, according to Smith, helps form a meta-narrative; reinforcing, subverting or commenting on the themes of the central narrative. The pop score, through the use of the song form, provides multiple avenues through which meaning can be generated. In contrast, ®lm scores in the neo-Romantic mould were strictly subordinate to the narrative. Smith demonstrates this by way of Mancini's score to Breakfast at Tiffany's, paying particular attention to the song `Moon River'. Mancini is a pivotal ®gure in Smith's analysis, as he is one of the artists responsible for the shift from the neo-Romantic model to the pop score style through the utilization of non-classical genres (primarily jazz), and compositions for smaller ensembles featuring `modern' electronic instruments. For Smith, rather than being ancillary to the narrative, Mancini's score integrates, or synthesizes, the narrative elements with the music. More than just a melancholic tune or an opportunit y for diegetic music, for Smith `Moon River', as a meaningful song in itself, adds `different levels' of meaning to the text (p. 82). The instrumental version of `Moon River' during the opening credit sequence is evidence, for Smith, of the way in which the music itself adds signi®cation in conjunction with the ®lmed images. He points to the sparse arrangement that begins `Moon River', consisting of guitar and harmonica, as suggestive of the rural past of the ®lm's central characterÐHolly Golightly (Audrey Hepburn). As the song progresses, the introduction of harmonically dense jazz arrangements, and the addition of strings to the orchestration, render the simple melody more complex; This, in turn, is re ̄ective of the more complicated environment of the city. This sets up a dualism which is a key to understanding Holly's unique personality; between her rural past and her city present. A version of `Moon River' with lyrics occurs diegetically in Breakfast at Tiffany's, sung by Holly on her ®re escape. For Smith, the use of lyrics permits `a number of possible readings' which allude to less overt aspects of both the narrative, and, in particular, Holly's character (p. 91). This includes, as Smith sees it,


The reinterpretation of the Paleozoic Southern Tian-Shan (STS) orogen tectonics took place from the 1950s to the 1980s and was connected with the research activity of G. S. Porshniakov (1918-1993), professor of Leningrad University, as well as that of his colleagues and opponents. The main factors of this reinterpretation were i) extensive field investigations, including geological mapping and paleontological dating, and especially engaging young scientists to the study; ii) development of scientific schools and free competition between them; iii) well-timed change and evaluation of theoretic models while using global experience. G. S. Porshniakov gave a talk to present his own new tectonic model for the STS where the space shortening and top-to-the-south thrust movement were shown as the leading factor. In modern terms, it means the collision of the ancient Kazakhstan, Tarim and Gissar continents. The model emerged as a result of detailed paleontological dating, which showed different lithology of coeval formations. The thrust model by Porshniakov was defended in a controversy with the colleagues who insisted on the earlier "deep faults" ideas. It was then checked and verified by geological mapping of the vast territory from the Kyzylkum in the west up to Chinese Xinjiang. After some actualistic modernization, this conception agrees with new ideas in the Paleozoic history of the STS, such as ocean and continental margins development, internal arcs, intraplate (plum) magmatism and disposal of post-collisional granite intrusions.


The paper is concerned with the impact of small business advice agencies on their clients. The work of two agencies (an Enterprise Agency and a local authority Development Unit) operating in the same geographical area (Swale in Kent) is evaluated using a survey of clients as evidence. It is concluded that both agencies are meeting real and distinctive needs among start‐up and established small businesses in the area, and have established effective systems for the delivery of their services. Quality of staff is confirmed as a key factor influencing client satisfaction with the agencies. The impact of the agencies on busines efficiency is ambiguous; it is suggested that major beneficiaries of the work of the agencies are the banks.


Since Covid-19 pandemic, Zoom has been adopted by many as an online platform to facilitate learning. This article addresses students' (dis)agreement to how they perceive their faces in Zoom; whether it is technically a matter of either on-or-off video mode; of insecurities, of any psychological impacts, and of the notion of face as good name or reputation. A survey by means of Google form was organized in the last two meetings of two courses in the odd semester of academic year 2021-2022 to elicit students' responses to any of Likert-based five scales of (dis)agreements to 16 statements concerning face in Zoom. 122 ELESP USD students of the third and fifth semester responded to this survey. Data were analyzied and interpreted by means of percentage of agreements. The findings reveal that the notion of face in Zoom is initially and in majority agreed as a matter of being in either on-or-off video mode which depends on the stability of internet connection. Next, being in on-or-off video mode is largely bound to whether there is any obligation to be so. The majority agree also that not showing face in Zoom allows them to do side work apart, and prevents matters of privacy from being exposed. The majority also agree that one's face in Zoom reflects psychological aspects such self pride and honor, dignity, consideration, tact, poise, and perceptiveness. Preference to being on-or-off-video mode is also a matter of not exposing one's state of insecurities, and is concerned with the notion of face as a representation and approval of self reputation or good name.


According to shipboard and in-flight alignment schemes, the researches on INS alignment of ship-launched weapon are reviewed. The important elements related to shipboard alignment are analyzed and summarized, such as inertial measurement matching, maneuver, inertial sensor errors, ship flexure, lever-arm and data delay. The GPS and Radar aided INS modes in-flight as well as the anti-jam technique of GPS/INS integration are introduced. The problems in improving its alignment performance are addressed and basic ideas to deal with the issues are presented. Finally, the trend of the alignment of ship-launched weapon INS is briefly discussed.


The study examines the impact of total quality management (TQM) practices on innovation, with a mediating effect of the moderating role of organisational learning and organisational culture among Nigeria's manufacturing companies. Similarly, the study applied a survey instrument tof 459 manufacturing companies in Lagos, Ogun, and Osun states, Nigeria. The Partial Least Squares (PLS3) path modelling approach was applied to test the conceptual model. The result shows that soft and hard TQM practices are positively and significantly associated with innovation among Nigeria's manufacturing companies. Similarly, organisational learning mediated the relationship between soft and hard TQM practices and organisational innovation. Finally, the results indicate that organisational culture has a negative and insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between soft quality management practices and innovation. However, the findings reported a positive and significant moderating relationship between hard TQM practices and manufacturing companies innovation in Nigeria. The study concludes that soft and hard TQM practices are essential determinants of innovation based on the findings. The study's major contribution is to understand better the mediating effect of organisational learning and the moderating role of organisational culture in the relationship between TQM practices and innovation, which have not been jointly investigated before.


Under the frame of the Neo-classical economic growth theories,we assume rationally that the growth rate of labor force is interrelated to capital in the economic system,and the labor force become an endogenous variable in the economic growth model.We investigate the problem of optimal investment accumulation rate in the sense of maximizing consumption in the balanced growth path.


Abstract COVID‐19 continues to impose a series of unique challenges on the food retail and food service sectors in Canada. In May 2020, the expectation was that the public health crisis shutdowns of the restaurant sector would be temporary. Although we may still be in a much longer temporary than was originally envisaged, it is becoming clearer that permanent restructuring may also have happened. Grocery stores have solidified their changed realities through an increased focus on multiple channel retailing rather than a complete choice between either bricks and mortar or online. Increased costs, resulting from the pandemic, are continuing to filter through the food system and we have a growing problem with food security for some Canadians given that employment in January 2021 was found to be at its lowest level since August 2020. Unemployment moves directly with lockdowns that are varied across the country.


A Split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in 2012,Treatments were included the time of foliar application with 3 levels (tillering stage, heading stage and no spray (control)) as main factor and cultivars in 4 levels (Sardari, Rijav, Biseton and Rashid) as the second factor. Plant characteristics such as plant height, length of the peduncle, length of stamen, diameter of node, the number of node, and spike of length Fe and leaf area index were considered. Results showed that the time of Fe foliar application had a significant effect on studying traits. With respect to Duncan's Multiple Range test, mean comparison results revealed that the Fe foliar application at tillering stage and treatment control (no application) had the greatest and the least effect on traits respectively. Also there was significantly different among cultivars, as among cultivars the maximum and minimum mean of traits was obtained for Rijav and Rashid respectively. The interaction of foliar application × cultivar for plant height and leaf area index was also significant. Highest the wheat height and LAI were observed at foliar application in tillering with Rijav cultivar and the lowest means to control with the Rashid it can be concluded that the most suitable application of Fe solution for improvement morphological and physiological properties of different dry land wheat cultivars (in the same climate condition) was tillering stage, since more impression of Fe was observed in early growth stages


SIR,-Dr John Urquhart gives a fascinating account of the changes wrought in him by the fortunately limited period under attack while serving in the army as an anaesthetist during the Gulf war.' He feels that he has learnt how to express more compassion towards people in trouble and not to feel threatened by their needs. One can be pleased at the benefits this will bring to his patients in the future. At the same time, one must wonder whether a less cataclysmic type of experience can bring about similar changes in medical students and trainee doctors, an experience that will ensure that included in the teaching of the multifarious clinical skills is an understanding that the development of empathy, communication, and tolerance, together with an appreciation of oneself as a person, is recognised as an important part of the educational process. PAMPEDIME (Professional Attitudes, Motivation and Personal Development in Medical Education) is a working group of the Association for Medical Education in Europe and has struggled for the past decade to promote this viewpoint. Other countries-notably Sweden, which includes a compulsory one week course in which groups of medical students spend time together learning communication skills by practice on each other, and the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and other countries which have Balint groups among their general practitioners -are more active in this regard. Although there are islands of change in medical courses in the United Kingdom, this approach may often be seen as unnecessary and detracting from the time which should be devoted to "real medicine." A more peaceful method than a war is needed in our medical schools to bring about a change in the attitude of our teachers that will result in an improvement in the interpersonal skills of our students.


Geometric modeling of dynamical systems is a field of extensive on-going research during last decades. It has proven to be an approach that provides very useful insights into the dynamics and control of mechanical systems, from a theoretical as well as from a computational point of view. Although numerous algorithms, developed on this ground, have found application in many important areas of engineering, a more widespread application of these concepts within engineering communities are yet to happen. However, the situation is changing rapidly and within research communities of various foci (in the spectrum from multibody system dynamics and non-linear control to computational coupled problems and CFD), there is a growing interest in exploring geometric mathematical background with the aim of re-visiting some 'classical' algorithms as well as finding new solutions. This mini-symposium is intended as platform to present and discuss recent progress in the field. Contributions are solicited, but not limited, on the following topics: - discrete mechanics - continua and structures - multibody systems (rigid or flexible) - holonomic and non-holonomic systems - fluid-structure interaction - non-linear control (robotics, biomechanics, autonomous systems) - electro-mechanical applications - contact mechanics - energy/momentum preserving integration schemes - Lie-group integration schemes (finite rotations and constraints) These and other geometric issues pertinent to multibody system dynamics and computational


Simple Summary Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death for women in low-resource areas around the world. However, the disease can be prevented through vaccination, screening, and early treatment. Recently, the World Health Organization released a strategy with the goal of eliminating cervical cancer through a combination of these three preventive strategies. In El Salvador, a screening program has been in place for some years, and vaccination is in its early stages. Here, we describe the Salvadoran experience and discuss successes to date and challenges for the future. We also provide recommendations that may be helpful for other countries working to meet the WHO elimination goals. Abstract Cervical cancer is preventable through vaccination, early detection, and the treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. However, global inequalities mean that the disease remains a leading cause of cancer death around the world, with over 80% of new cases and 90% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In El Salvador, joint efforts between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the non-profit organization Basic Health International (BHI) have been in place since 2008, with the goal of reducing the country's disease burden. While the World Health Organization's (WHO) call to action to eliminate cervical cancer provided worldwide momentum to implement new public health initiatives, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted ongoing programs and jeopardized plans for the future. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the progress that El Salvador has achieved in improving cervical cancer prevention, the impact of the pandemic on current strategies, and potential solutions that can help the country meet the WHO's strategic targets by 2030 to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer.


© CURRAN-CONFERENCE. All rights reserved. Estimates of the frequency and severity of rainfall over an individual catchment can be informed by analysing long time-series of historic rainfall over a larger region with similar hydrometeorological characteristics. This is important, because the likelihood of observing rare storms increases as the size of the region increases. Therefore, if the observed storms can be defensibly transposed to the catchment of interest, less extrapolation is required to estimate rainfall depths of extremely rare annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs). This substitution of space for time to characterise extreme rainfall probabilities is currently being applied to seven catchments within the GTSM-R coastal zone of Australia, for storm burst durations of 1-7 days. Given the size of the GTSM-R coastal zone, automated GIS-based searches of gridded, daily rainfall data are being used to find the rarest storms in the historic record (1900 to date). Using gridded, daily rainfall data from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) to analyse the location and rarity of historic storms in the GTSM-R coastal zone poses some technical challenges. These include selection of an appropriate index value to assess storm severity, accounting for differences in prevailing storm orientations across the country, and correcting for the potential bias inherent in the gridded rainfall estimates. This brief paper discusses these technical challenges, and presents selected results from storm searches that may be useful to other hydrologists for their catchments of interest. These results include the location, type and estimated rarity of annual maxima storms of varying durations and size, and differences in the ratio of 1 to 3-day and 7 to 3-day 2% AEP rainfall across the GTSMR-zone. Comment is also made on the "effective independent record length" of rainfall records within high, moderate and low gauge density regions of the GTSM-R coastal zone.


Abstract ADSORP is a simple BASIC computer program conceived for the determination of the equilibrium speciation of trace elements. Only one family (REDEQL 2, MINEOL and GEOCHEM) among the existing programs can already take adsorption processes into account. ADSORP differs from them in (1) the definition of the adsorption process, (2) the introduction of the adsorption of trace element complexes, and (3) the simplicity of the mathematics (method of convergence).


We report the experimental observation of 1/fα noise in quasi-bidimensional turbulence of an electromagnetically forced flow. The large-scale velocity UL exhibits this power-law spectrum with α ≃ 0.7 over a range of frequencies smaller than both the characteristic turnover frequency and the damping rate of the flow. By studying the statistical properties of sojourn time in each polarity of UL, we demonstrate that the 1/fα noise is generated by a renewal process, defined by a two-state model given by the polarities of the large-scale circulation. The statistical properties of this renewal process are shown to control the value of the exponent α.


One new species, zaglyptus sp.nove and new record, zaglyptus nigrolineatus gupta from Malaysia are described. One holotype species, zaglyptus indicus nigrithorax gupta is also redescribed. A key to species is provided.


The invention discloses a two-end structure MF/LF simultaneous response quantum well infrared detector, comprising a semi-insulating semiconductor GaAs substrate, a first semiconductor GaAs contact layer, a first multiple quantum well infrared detector, a second semiconductor GaAs contact layer, a second multiple quantum well infrared detector, a third semiconductor GaAs contact layer, an upper contact electrode and a lower contact electrode, wherein the first semiconductor GaAs contact layer is manufactured on the semi-insulating semiconductor GaAs substrate; the first multiple quantum well infrared detector is manufactured on the first semiconductor GaAs contact layer one side of which forms a table top; the second semiconductor GaAs contact layer is manufactured on the first multiple quantum well infrared detector; the second multiple quantum well infrared detector is manufactured on the second semiconductor GaAs contact layer; the third semiconductor GaAs contact layer is manufactured on the second multiple quantum well infrared detector; the upper contact electrode and the lower contact electrode are respectively manufactured on the third semiconductor GaAs contact layer and the table top formed by the first semiconductor GaAs contact layer.


Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract from the marine alga Laurencia majuscula provided three brominated chamigrane sesquiterpenes (1–3). These compounds produced a novel pattern of antitumor activity against the National Cancer Institute's in vitro cell line panel. They were cytotoxic to certain cell lines in the colon cancer subpanel at concentrations 10–100 fold lower than the mean cytotoxic concentration observed in the other tumor subpanels.


In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for controlling display operations in an electronic device. The electronic device provides an input mode, in which a first function is associated with a hovering input and a second function is associated with a touch input to an input surface. A three- dimensional virtual user interface item is displayed, and in response to detecting an input object within a guard range in relation to the input surface, the virtual user interface item is adapted to alert a user to avoid unintentionally touching the input surface.


Prevalence of antibody against types "O", "A" and "SAT2" of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was studied in cattle sera collected in the year 2005 from Khartoum State at central Sudan, using the liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE). The test was optimized for the screening assay by selection of optimum antigen doses that produced parallel serum titration curves. Results showed high prevalence of type "A" antibody (85.65%) followed by that of type "O" (81%) then "SAT2" antibody (65.78%). Apart from an observed natural resistance in local breeds to type "O" infection, no epidemiological factor seemed to affect separately the prevalence's of each of the three serotypes; prevalence rates of the serotype-specific antibody increased or decreased simultaneously in different locations. Prevalence was higher in the west and south than in the east and north of the State, coinciding with the known direction of animal movements in Sudan, and higher near traffic lines than in milking farms, where sedentary type of management prevails. The result indicated the maintained activity of three serotypes of FMDV at central Sudan. Prevalence of type "O" antibody was similar to that previously reported in Sudanese cattle and that of "SAT2" was coinciding with the history of its introduction in Sudan. The much higher prevalence of type "A" antibody than the earlier report was likely to be due to testing of sera at low dilution (1/32) in the present LPBE in comparison to high dilutions (1/100 to 1/200) in previous work. This is apparently more to be relevant since the present LPBE distinguished positivity to type "A" from that to type "O" and "SAT2" by lower number of strong positive sera and more sharp decline of their titration curves, consistent with the known antigenic diversity of this virus type.


Phytotoxins, the secondary metabolites synthesized by plants, are now recognized as a new category of environmental micropollutants. So far, only a limited number of phytotoxins have been detected and reported in terrestrial and aquatic environments, partially due to the analytical challenge involved. In this article, a robust, reliable, and efficient approach, namely Source Supported Suspect Screening (4S), is introduced for high-throughput analysis of phytotoxins from their plant origin to the downstream environmental compartments. The approach was established on an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole‑time‑of‑flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI-QTOF-MS) analytical platform where optimal sample preparation and chromatographic conditions were investigated and a new suspect screening protocol was suggested.


Boosting natural mechanisms to retain cellular homeostasis and combat oxidative stress by inducing a hormetic heat shock to retinal pigment epithelium with non-damaging transpupillary laser heating, i.e., with subthreshold laser treatment (SLT), has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target for many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration. However, the therapeutic temperature window for the treatments is narrow and thermal dosimetry is unavailable. Here we introduce an SLT modality where the retinal temperature is monitored with electroretinography (ERG)-based thermal dosimetry and demonstrate its feasibility with anesthetized pigs. In 60-second treatments with 810 nm laser, the ED50 peak temperature for visible lesion generation was 48°C and the relative temperature determination error was below 10% from the temperature increase. Heat shock protein expression increased, and autophagy was activated at 44.2 °C and no signs of oxidative stress or apoptosis emerged at 44.2 °C or 46.5 °C. The demonstrated method permits a controlled activation of intracellular chaperones and waste clearance in RPE cell with a clear temperature margin for adverse events. In the clinical setting, ERG-based dosimetry would allow safe and personalized SLTs for retinal diseases currently lacking effective treatments.


Chronic respiratory diseases, affecting the airways and other structures of lungs are common respiratory problem worldwide which include bronchial asthma as the most common disease, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occupational lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension. The prevalence of bronchial asthma varies from 10-12% in adults and around 15% in children. It causes approximately 0.18 milliondeaths every year all over the world. Bronchial asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that manifests as shortness of breath, wheezing and cough. It is classified as intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent, according to the clinical features.


The literature has shown that preadolescents with ADHD might benefit from specific actions such as the presence of corrective feedback during a task. In order to examine these effects, a sample of preadolescents was selected and divided into two groups: a control group and a target group with ADHD. Participants had to perform a decision-making task, with a counterbalanced design, presented in blocks with and without corrective feedback. Two different analysis procedures were carried out: the traditional student's t-test and an ex-Gaussian fit. The reaction times were much lower for in the feedback block than in the control blocks, as well as in the control group than in the adolescents with ADHD. The difference in feedback reached or approached a statistically significant level, however, the difference between the control and ADHD group did not show statistical significance (except for accuracy under feedback condition). In terms of component distribution analysis, a specific parameter, named τ , was much lower for the feedback condition and for the control group.


This report discusses various points of contention in regards to presidential budgeting authority, specifically that of impoundment and the line item veto. Presidential impoundment actions have sometimes been controversial. The subject of granting the President item veto authority, akin to that exercised by 43 governors, also has elicited considerable debate. With an item veto, the executive can delete specific provisions in a piece of legislation presented for signature, and then proceed to sign the measure into law.


Human action recognition has various implementation, such surveillance system, elders care and construction alert, which arouse lots of interest of research in classification of still image. This paper mainly focusses on detecting the pose of Yoga. Comparing with traditional method using convolutional neural network, which is using original image as input to train the VGG network, extracting the skeleton images and feed them into Mobile net can impressively increase the accuracy. Dataset is collected from Kaggle website which contains five categories of labeled Yoga image. Openpose is an open-source API that can extract the human skeleton structure form the Yoga image based on the pose. With these skeleton image as input, the convolutional neural network will perceive everything important such as pose and angle of joints, rather than irrelevant features such as color and environment. Using Mobile net instead of common method to do classification with VGG, calculation time has been remarkably reduced and size of model is lighter which is able to be apply on single chip device. The result of model is impressive, showing high accuracy in both training data set and testing data set, which means no overfitting problem occurred in the experiment. Model size and demanding of hardware are also acceptable for a common personal computer.


Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed people's lives dramatically. Few data on the acute effects of the pandemic on children's daily lives and well-being have been published to date. This study aimed to capture the effects on Japanese children during the peak of the outbreak and the national quarantine.

Methods: We conducted a web-based, anonymous survey targeting Japanese children aged 7–17 years and parents/guardians of children aged 0–17 years. Eligible individuals were invited to the survey from April 30 to May 31, 2020. This self-report questionnaire examined daily life and behaviors, psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress), well-being, quality of life, and positive parenting or abusive behaviors during the quarantine.

Findings: In our survey of 2,591 children and 6,116 parents/guardians, many aspects of children's daily lives and well-being were affected by the pandemic. Nearly half of parents/guardians refrained from seeking medical care for the child's symptoms. Sixty-two percent of children reported screen time exceeding 2 hours. Twenty percent of children reported abusive behaviors by family members, such as being yelled at, being threatened or insulted, and being slapped. Nine in ten parents/guardians of school-aged children reported their child had at least one acute stress symptom in the past month, such as irritable or aggressive behavior, sleep disorder, and poor concentration. Average mental health subscale scores from KINDL-R questionnaire on quality of life were lower than the national average for all grades.

Interpretation: The COVID-19 pandemic had serious acute impacts on children's daily lives, well-being, family relationships and health care utilisation including some impacts that are potentially long-lasting; thus, proactive interventions and services are needed, as well as longitudinal surveys.

Funding Statement: This study was supported by the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant in Japan and the Japan Science and Technology Agency JRAPID Grant.

Declaration of Interests: All the authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the institutional review board of the National Center for Child Health and Development on April 27, 2020 (approval number 2020- 21).


Substitution reactions of phosphine ligands, triphenylphosphine (PPh3), tri(m-chlorophenyl)phosphine (m-ClPPh3), tri(p-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (p-MeOPPh3) and tri(benzyl)phosphine (PBz3) with [M(CO)4(PCA)] (M = Cr, Mo and W, PCA = pyrazinecarboxamide) were found to be dependent on the type of metal and phosphine ligand. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. UV–vis spectra of the complexes in different solvents showed bands due to metal-to-ligand charge transfer.


Nonmetal Hard and Brittle Materials are widely used in many industries because of their unique properties.This paper discusses the material removal mechanism at the beginning,and then brings forward the difficulties in manufacturing processing of Nonmetal Hard and Brittle Materials.After that this paper elaborates the machining technologies of ultrasonic vibration.According to many related literatures in recent years,this paper summarizes the applications of ultrasonic vibration in Machining Technologies for Nonmetal Hard and Brittle Materials at home and abroad.


Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with breast cancer doing follow- -up in the city of Chapecó, from 2015 to 2020. Methods: This is a quantitative, retrospective, documental, and descriptive research, which evaluated the medical charts of 64 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer from 2015 to 2020, doing follow-up in the Hospital Regional do Oeste in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The data were evaluated through mean (±standard deviation), total frequency, and relative frequency. This research was approved by the Unochapecó's involving human beings' ethics committee under the n. 52495721.8.0000.0116. Results: The average age of the analyzed patients was 52.7 years (SD±11.3 years). Regarding the carcinoma subtype, 89.06% of the patients had the ductal subtype and 10.94% had other types of carcinoma (lobular, tubular, mucinous, and papillary). Four variations of molecular subtypes were found: luminal A (n=28), luminal B (n=28), triple-negative (n=5), and HER2-enriched (n=3). Besides that, when evaluating the pathological state, it was noticed that 26.56% had compromised lymph nodes and 9.38% had metastasis. Conclusion: Although the scientific literature indicates that the most common molecular subtype is luminal A (about 60% of all breast cancers), in this study it could be verified that there is a similarity in prevalence percentages between the molecular subtypes luminal A and B. The molecular subtype luminal B has the worst prognosis, higher risk of reappearance, and lower survival rate when compared to the luminal A molecular subtype.


The home is a hub of information and entertainment activities. It typically contains a variety of media devices ranging from TV screens to mobile devices, work-oriented devices like PCs or laptops that can be also used as entertainment devices and devices that might have exclusively an entertainment purpose. Understanding the context of use in the home plays a central role for the design and development of new interactive services and devices.
 A comprehensive understanding of how people interact in their living room using remote controls will help to identify which functions to support in future interaction concepts and how to support the most frequent usage scenarios. This paper describes an approach to understand interaction in the living room, by exploiting the fact that today most of the devices are controlled by infrared remote controls. Each of these remote controls is sending a distinct pattern for each button pressed, which we are recording.
 We show that interaction in the living room can be inferred from recorded infrared signals. Furthermore, temporal graphs of remote control usage, grouped by functional related buttons can be produced, allowing a description of the users behavior. We also provide hints for simplifying the physical user interface, by eliminating rarely or even unused buttons.


ABSTRACT Optimum sowing times were examined for 17 native plant species in rehabilitated mineral sands mine sites at Eneabba in the Western Australian Kwongan (115°20'E, 29°30'S) from 1982 to 1988. In 1987 and 1988 a superphosphate fertiliser was applied to half of the treatment plots. From 1982-1986, best survival was recorded for May, June and July sowings. However, seedlings from sowings in February, March and April were taller and showed a larger number of leaves than seedlings which resulted from sowings during the later months of the year. For most species survival greatly varied with the year of sowing and was likely affected by several factors, among them low rain fall and high temperatures during summer, and predation. Establishment of seedlings benefited from the application of superphosphate as fertiliser only for one of seven species (Neurachne alopecuroidea).


Every year the organisers of the colloquium offer the participants a possibility to go on excursions, exhibitions, and concerts. For this we are grateful to the municipality of Tavira and other municipalities in Algarve region, the people of Tavira, entrepreneurs in Tavira and Algarve, different institutions, etc. Without their support we would not be able to immerse ourselves in our papers and conversations on proverbs and research thereof.


In the face of a practical chaotic system whose mathematical model is not available, because of unknown input factors and unavailable dynamical equations, using time series approach can be useful. Therefore, space state reconstruction of a chaotic system by using a scalar time series from its output observations is considered for obtaining information on this system from its one-dimensional signal. In this paper a method for estimation of an appropriate embedding dimension for phase space reconstruction of underlying high dimensional system from the observed chaotic time series by a Distributed Time Delay Neural Network (DTDNN) is proposed. Various methods for embedding dimension estimation have been previously studied from which False Nearest Neighbours (FNN) is the most conventional method, however the performance of this method for the high dimensional chaotic systems is not acceptable. The proposed method is applied to high dimensional chaotic systems such as approximated Mackey-Glass time series with dimensions 7, 13 and data set D1 from the Santa Fe institute. Our method for embedding dimension estimation has been compared with the conventional estimation method, and their comparisons showed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that this method is feasible and fit for the embedding dimension estimation of high-dimensional chaotic systems.


X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy are powerful tools to gain valuable insight into many exciting, scientifically relevant samples. Development in microscopic methods has always aimed for achieving spatial resolutions as high as possible. Although highly confined X-ray beams with spot sizes well below 10 nm have been characterized in recent years using mirrors [1], Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses [2, 3] or multilayer Laue lenses [4, 5], X-ray imaging with single-digit nanometer resolution remains an extreme challenge. We report on unprecedented spatial resolution down to 7 nm achieved at two soft X-ray microscopes using photon energies between 700 eV and 850 eV. The experiments were performed at the scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXM) at the PolLux beamline at the Swiss Light Source [6] and the Hermes beamline at Synchrotron Soleil [7]. The scientific applications of these two instruments lie in the combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, where high spatial resolution provides a major benefit for scientific research. small spot resolution


One approach to the analysis of repeated measures data allows researchers to model the covariance structure of their data rather than presume a certain structure, as is the case with conventional univariate and multivariate test statistics. This mixed-model approach, available through SAS PROC MIXED, was compared to a Welch-James type statistic. The Welch-James approach is known to provide generally robust tests of treatment effects in a repeated measures between-by within-subjects design under assumption violations given certain sample size requirements. The mixed-model F tests were based on Kenward-Roger's adjusted degrees of freedom solution, an approach specifically proposed for small sample settings. The authors investigated Type I error control for repeated measures main and interaction effects in unbalanced designs when normality and covariance homogeneity assumptions did not hold. The mixed-model Kenward-Roger's adjusted F tests showed superior Type I error control in small sample size conditions in which the Welch-James type statistic was nonrobust; power rates, however, did not favor one approach over the other.


Depending on the innovation ability cultivation of students who major in energy chemical engineering in Anhui University of Science and Technology, this paper illustrates the connotation of multi-dimensional innovation practical platform. It puts forward building contents, as well as the goals, and also discusses the implementation plans. The effect of the practical platform in the cultivation is defined in this paper, especially its reference function for talent development in other majors.


In recent years, frequent incidents of drug safety cause people' concerns about drug quality concerns, strengthening the hospital drug quality management and improving the quality and safety of drugs is imperative. This paper summarizes the status of pharmaceutical quality management of hospital, and then put forward suggestions for drug quality problems in the management process.


In Chile, most of the globe artichoke reproduction is vegetative, for this reason there has been a constant decrease in yield because of the effects of virus, nematodes and diseases accumulation through the years. INIA in 2009 started a program for globe artichoke breeding where one of the activities was the generation of globe artichoke virus free (AVF) plants. In 2013 there were enough plants for rooting in greenhouse and generate new plantlets. The objective of this research was to evaluate under field conditions the AVF performance for morphological characteristics, yield and processing quality in a first year of production. The produced plantlets were classified by size in big, medium and small containing each group 27 plants transplanted on February 2014 at 1.4×2.0 m. Agronomic management was standard for any globe artichoke crop, but there was more care about virus vectors. The plants began sprouting in June 2014 and from this date they were evaluated individually. The results showed that there was no difference in any evaluation among size groups, with a population of 3,750 plants ha-1 the average yield was 11.4±4.7 t ha-1. The number of head harvested per plant was 31±13 (13±1 in common crop), and the average head weight was 104.3±8.2 g. The plants were taller with a mean of 68.4±10.3 cm height, but the size of leaves was high reaching 1.49±1.7 m, while in common crop this is usually 0.79±0.7 m. Plants were very strong and vigorous, but the shape of heads was not as desirable as for processing purposes, being predominantly round and with a blunt top. These plants in the first year on field did not have enough low temperature induction for the appropriate head shape, because they were raised in greenhouse under controlled conditions of temperature. Then, it is probable that the environmental condition for bud development was not the appropriate one during the first year. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate this population its second year. However, it is possible to conclude that AVF plants in the first year can produce heads, but the development must be under environmental conditions as similar as possible to on field before transplanting.


ntroduction A radicular cyst is generally defined as a cyst arising from epithelial residual (cell rests of Malassez) in the periodontal ligament as consequence of inflammation, usually following the death of dental pulp. Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cystic lesions of inflammatory origin affecting the jaws. They are most commonly found at the apices of the involved teeth, However they may also be found on the lateral aspect of the roots in relation to lateral accessory root canals. Most of the radicular cyst are symptomless and are discovered when periapical radiograph are taken of teeth with non-vital pulps. Patient often complains of slowly enlarging swellings. Radiographically most radicular cyst appears as round or pear shaped unilocular radiolucent lesion in the periapical region. The cyst may displace adjacent teeth or cause mild root resorption. The Quite often a radicular cyst remains behind in the jaws after removal of the offending tooth and this is referred to as a residual cyst. They are most commonly associated with permanent teeth and are rare in the primary teeth. Epidemiology: Radicular cysts are the most common of all jaw cysts and comprise about 52% to 68% of all the cysts affecting the human jaws. Actual prevalence of cysts is only about 15% of all apical periodontitis lesions. Their prevalence is highest among patients in their third decade of life, and higher among men than women.


Privacy-preserving radar-based fall detection for older adults is becoming essential as falls in adults above 65 years of age may result in death or a permanent physical disability. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based fall event detection technique using Vision Transformers with Shifted Patch Tokenization and Locality Self Attention is proposed. The proposed approach is evaluated using publicly available dataset. Preliminary evaluation shows improved performance over transfer learning models and standard Vision Transformer.


Identity disclosure and fake reviews play a vital role in purchase intention and avoidance intention. The current study aims to investigate the effect of identity disclosure on fake reviews and to examine the mediation effects of positive and negative fake reviews on purchase intention and avoidance intention. A quantitative method was employed, using a survey to collect data from a random sample of relevant managers in Egyptian hotels and travel agencies. Using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) via WarpPLS software version 7.0 and SPSS version 22 for data analysis, the results revealed that identity disclosure has negatively affected fake reviews. In addition, positive fake reviews have positively affected purchase intention, while negative fake reviews have positively affected avoidance intention. These findings have empirical implications for policymakers, trip planners, travel marketers, hoteliers, and academics.


A design pattern describes a solution to a recurring problem in a systematic and general way, and design patterns are an accepted means of representing a communication experience in software design. Up until now, however, only single patterns have been used in case tools; there has been no support for combining patterns. This article will show how patterns can be combined in Rational Rose to develop new patterns. It will also show how the entire software specification process can be based on a combination of patterns.


Urinary tract infections are among the most common human infections. They may be community-acquired or nosocomial, and caused by a variety of microorganisms. In the present study, we analysed more than 4000 urine samples collected from in-patients and outpatients, and registered the differences in the etiological spectrum of agents. The most widespread uropathogens are gram-negative rods, from them E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and the non-fermentive genus Pseudomonas. Women are more intensively affected by E. coli. From gram-positive cocci, the leading agents are coagulase negative Staphylococci, followed by S. aureus. No differences were registered between the genders. Polyresistance among gramnegative uropathogens is high.


It is often asked why Toeplitz-like matrices with unbounded symbols are worth studying. This paper gives an answer by presenting several concrete problems that motivate such studies. It surveys the central results of the theory of Generalized Locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences in a self-contained tool-kit fashion, and gives a new extension from bounded Riemann integrable functions to unbounded almost everywhere continuous functions. The emergence of unbounded symbols is illustrated by local grid refinements in finite difference and finite element discretizations and also by preconditioning strategies. Bibliography: 40 titles.


Selected mechanical properties of the reinforced layered composites. Publication concerns the production of fiber reinforced layered composites and its selected mechanical properties. The following reinforcement types of the layered composites were taken into consideration: linen fabric and fiberglass. Two types of core materials were tested: plywood and PUR foam. The assembled composites were tested for MOR, MOE and screw holding ability. Additionally density and density profile were determined. Fiberglass reinforced composites were used as a reference material for composites reinforced with natural fibres.


In this study, low-carbon steel (0.1 wt.% C) in ferritic-pearlitic (FP) and ferritic-martensitic (FM) initial states were processed by high pressure torsion (HPT) up to 10 turns under a pressure of 6 GPa at room temperature (RT). The HPT-processed FM samples were tempered at 150oC to 550oC. The microhardness monotonically increased with the number of turns up to 10 turns. After 10 turns, the microhardness had increased to 3 times that of the initial state for both the FP and FM samples. The microhardness of the individual phases, ferrite and martensite, in the FM processed samples increased with strain. The nanoindentation measurement of the ferrite in the FP processed samples revealed that the ferrite nanohardness increased with the number of turns up to 10 turns. The microhardness was maintained when the FM sample processed up to 4 turns and tempered at 450oC while the microhardness slightly increased when tempering at 350oC. Similarly, the ferrite in the FM sample processed up to 4 turns and tempered at 350oC had a nanohardness value higher than that of the sample tempered at 250oC: this can be attributed to the limited formation of cementite particles in the ferrite matrix. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that cementite fragmentation in the FP samples started after 4 turns of HPT processing and increased with the number of turns, or strain. SEM investigation revealed the formation of cementite particles when the FM sample processed up to 4 turns and tempered at 450oC: these cementite particles coarsened when tempering at 550oC. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation of the microstructure in the FM processed samples revealed that the microstructure was characterised by high internal stresses and dislocation density. The dislocation cells evolved during the HPT processing up to 10 turns and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries increased with the number of turns. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that no appreciable lattice parameter (a) expansion occurs during the HPT processing of the ferrite of the FP samples. The lattice parameter of the ferrite of the FM processed samples increased with the number of turns, or strain. The lattice parameter of the ferrite of the FM sample processed up to 4 turns and tempered at 450oC was equal to that of pure ?-iron which suggests that the cementite particles formed at the expense of the decomposition of the supersaturated Fe-C solid solution in ferrite. It is well documented in the literature that the strength or hardness significantly increases with the number of turns during HPT processing. However, so far no attempt has been made to predict the strength of low-carbon steels after HPT processing. In this study, the X-ray line profile analysis (XLPA) using the multiple whole profile fit (MWP-fit) was used, as an alternative tool to TEM, to determine the dislocation density in the HPT-processed samples. A model that incorporates both the dislocation and grain boundary strengthening was proposed to predict the strength of the HPT-processed samples. In this model, other strengthening contributions such as solid solution and Orowan strengthening due to different structures such as pearlite, martensite, and carbide particles in the ferrite matrix were taken into account. The strength/hardness model proposed in this study was applied to predict the strength/hardness of six low-carbon steel (0.1 wt.% C) samples in the ferritic-pearlitic or ferritic-martensitic initial states processed by HPT up to 1, 4, and 10 turns. Furthermore, the strength/hardness model was also applied to predict the strength of FM samples processed by HPT and tempered at different temperatures. The strength/hardness model proposed in the current study can be used to predict the strength of all the investigated samples to a good accuracy with an average error of ±8%.


By analyzing the principles and shortcomings of traditional simulated annealing algorithm, an improved simulated annealing algorithm for solving GTSP (Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem) is proposed. In this paper GTSP is changed into multi-segment map problem which is solved with dynamic programming algorithm by individual coding. Individual fitness function based on multi-segment map optimal sub-structure is designed to speed up algorithm calculation. Experimental test results show that the new algorithm has faster convergence and better solution than traditional simulated annealing algorithm.


This paper presents global dynamic power and signal integrity analysis methodologies for chip-package-board co-design and co-simulation. The proposed methodologies are based on efficient combination of power switching activity macro-modeling with broadband multi-port model extractions. Dedicated real-life test carriers are employed for benchmarking purposes and correlation with on-wafer measurement. The results from EM simulations are fed into circuit simulator environment (Cadence) following divide-and-conquer segmentation approaches. Additionally, two different types of current activity models are used to model the digital die. The obtained simulation results are validated by comparison with time-domain and frequency-domain measurement.


The venous blood from four species of freshwater fish, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson), carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus), bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus Le Sueur) and sucker (Catostomus commersonnii Lacepede) was analyzed and an estimate made of the probable range of physiological CO2 tension.A detailed study was made of CO2 transport in the blood of two of these species, the rainbow trout and the carp, which differ greatly in the effect of CO2 on the combination of oxygen in the blood. They differ too, in their systems of CO2 transport. A curious feature of trout blood is the great change in packed cell volume with changes in the pressure of O2 and CO2. An hypothesis is presented to explain in part these anomalous changes in cell volume and other characteristics of the trout blood. Carp blood shows less differentiation from general vertebrate characteristics.


The smuggling of liquid precursor chemicals greatly harms social public security. In this paper a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) is presented to recognize the EDXRS spectra of liquid precursor chemicals. Scatter profiles of acetone, acetic anhydride,2-butanone and isosafrole are obtained by using EDXRS. As the similarity of the profiles, it is difficult to identify samples, so classical PCA and robust PCA are applied to extract features, then K-nearest neighbor is proposed for pattern classification, the classification results are satisfactory. It is proved that this method can be used to detect liquid precursor chemicals.


This article presents the surname changes of the Jews as formal acts which served as a means of assimilation, and which resulted in a characteristic phenomenon of the history of Jewish communities as well as of the surrounding society of the majority. Surname changes as the sign of forming cultural and national identities were used for an individual crossing of a conceptual borderline between 'they' and 'us' in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Hungarian society. The paper is based on research in different fields of scholarly studies, applying multi- and interdisciplinary standpoints. It focuses on the Name Magyarization process, but also makes comparisons with the name changes of the Jews in other countries. It applies different sources to investigate the social, historical, cultural and ideological background, context and the characteristics of the nominal assimilation of the Jews. It analyzes their names as ethnic symbols, and presents the reasons that made the surname changes so typical for them. It presents the assimilation process of Jewish persons and their personal names in general, and the history of their surname changes in Hungary. The characteristic features of the surnames chosen and their typical motivations are also analyzed, in comparison with those of the non-Jews in the country.