We present TRACE, a comprehensive provenance tracking system for scalable, real-time, enterprise-wide APT detection. TRACE uses static analysis to identify program unit structures and inter-unit dependences, such that the provenance of an output event includes the input events within the same unit. Provenance collected from individual hosts are integrated to facilitate construction of a distributed enterprise-wide causal graph. We describe the evolution of TRACE over a four-year period, during which our improvements to the system focused on performance, scalability, and fidelity. In this time span, the system call coverage increased (from 47 to 66) while the time and space overhead reduced by over one and two orders of magnitude, respectively. We also provide results from five adversarial engagements where an independent team of system evaluators conducted APT attacks and assessed system performance. The input from our system was used by three other teams to implement real-time APT detection logic. Retrospective analysis revealed that TRACE provided sufficient evidence to detect over 80% of the attack stages across all evaluations. By the last engagement, temporal and spatial overhead had been reduced significantly to 18% and 10%, respectively.


The paper simulates and researches vibration characteristics of impact in typical hydraulic system by means of the fluid-structure interaction model considering friction coupling and Poisson coupling.Furthermore,it also changes this model by method of characteristics and derives the concise expression of mathematical model.The simulating result is very close to test one,the relative error is less than 0.7%.This way is correct and effective and it can serves as guide to design and modification of hydraulic systems.


Phase-Change Memory (PCM) technology has received substantial attention recently. Because PCM is byte-addressable and exhibits access times in the nanosecond range, it can be used in main memory designs. In fact, PCM has higher density and lower idle power consumption than DRAM. Unfortunately, PCM is also slower than DRAM and has limited endurance. For these reasons, researchers have proposed memory systems that combine a small amount of DRAM and a large amount of PCM. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid design that features a hardware-driven page placement policy. The policy relies on the memory controller (MC) to monitor access patterns, migrate pages between DRAM and PCM, and translate the memory addresses coming from the cores. Periodically, the operating system updates its page mappings based on the translation information used by the MC. Detailed simulations of 27 workloads show that our system is more robust and exhibits lower energy-delay2 than state-of-the-art hybrid systems.


. With the arrival of the information age, the rapid accumulation of high-dimensional data has become one of the characteristics of the current society. The processing of high-dimensional data faces many challenges, among which dimensionality reduction and feature selection are important means to deal with high-dimensional data. The aim of this study is to deeply investigate the computational methods and algorithms of dimensionality reduction and feature selection for high-dimensional data, and their effectiveness in practical applications. This paper introduces the background of high-dimensional data and its processing, and explains the significance of dimensionality reduction and feature selection. Then, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of a variety of commonly used mathematical principles and methods, compares their advantages and disadvantages, and gives specific formulas and mathematical models. Subsequently, the paper discusses the application of these methods in real-world scenarios, as well as their advantages and disadvantages in different domains. Through experiments and analysis, this paper concludes that different methods of dimensionality reduction and feature selection are applicable to different types of data and problems, and it is crucial to select the appropriate method. Deep learning, as an emerging technology, shows strong potential in high-dimensional data processing. Dimensionality reduction and feature selection for high-dimensional data provides an important way to solve high-dimensional data problems, which is of far-reaching significance for promoting the development of the fields of data science and artificial intelligence.


Inter-regional comparative studies of cranial morphology depend upon composite specimens constructed according to the standards chosen by the writers. Although there have been many reports about variations within the so-called "Jomon population ," very few have taken up the issue of the validity of the regional classification. In this study, Mahalanobis' D2s are calculated from metric and nonmetric data to evaluate the intraand inter-regional variation of Jomon crania, mainly from two regions northern Chiba and the Atsumi Peninsula. The samples of both districts cannot be regarded as a homogeneous unit with morphological peculiarity by the D2s and bootstrap derived probabilities. The heterogeneities of the intra-regional variation are as large as those of inter-regional variation. This may indicate that, at least in the samples used for this study, morphological differences are not parallel to regional ones and thus, for what has been called the "Jomon population ," the regional classification is not valid.


The study of finite J effects for the light-cone AdS5???S5 superstring by means of the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz requires an understanding of a companion 2d theory which we call the mirror model. It is obtained from the original string model by the double Wick rotation. The S-matrices describing the scattering of physical excitations in the string and mirror models are related to each other by an analytic continuation. We show that the unitarity requirement for the mirror S-matrix fixes the S-matrices of both theories essentially uniquely. The resulting string S-matrix S(z1,?z2) satisfies the generalized unitarity condition and, up to a scalar factor, is a meromorphic function on the elliptic curve associated to each variable z. The double Wick rotation is then accomplished by shifting the variables z by quarter of the imaginary period of the torus. We discuss the apparent bound states of the string and mirror models, and show that depending on a choice of the physical region there are one, two or 2M?1 solutions of the M-particle bound state equations sharing the same conserved charges. For very large but finite values of J, most of these solutions, however, exhibit various signs of pathological behavior. In particular, they might receive a finite J correction to their energy which is complex, or the energy correction might exceed corrections arising due to finite J modifications of the Bethe equations thus making the asymptotic Bethe ansatz inapplicable.


Introduction: In addition to numerous physical disabilities, children with cerebral palsy suffer from sociopsychological problems such as behavioral problems. The risk of depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy is increased, while mothers have the most important role in the development of the children. Thus, this study has investigated the relationship between behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy and depression in mothers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 76 children with cerebral palsy and their mothers were evaluated. Children's behavioral problems and maternal depression were evaluated using Rutter's Teacher Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Among the study subjects, 67.7% of children had behavioral problems. No significant correlation was observed between the behavioral problems of children with cerebral palsy and maternal depression (r = -0.08, P = 0.49). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy may not be the cause of depression in mothers.


Background:  Studies in the primary care setting are of high interest for assessing the management situation of patients with manifestations of atherothrombosis.


The aim of this paper is to continue the illustration of the duality principle enunciated in the paper [1] by the first two authors, regarding the causal dynamical system and the anticipative ones. The connection between the duality principle we shall discuss here and the duality theory of linear operators is illustrated in the case of linear causal/anticipative integral operators (Volterra and anti‐Volterra integral operators).


In this paper I discuss the strategies and techniques that we have used at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) to successfully defend the campus against virus attacks and suggest methods for selling these ideas to faculty, staff and students.


This issue of Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol contains an important study highlighting the efforts of the Canadian immunohistochemistry Quality Control Group (cIQc), a novel and timely approach for the quality assurance (QA) of breast marker immunohistochemistry (IHC). Are there lessons that can be learned from this Canadian study, and are there implications for breast marker IHC testing in the United States? Let me first make a few disclaimers: I am one of the authors of, and participants in, the cIQc program study, and I also serve as a member of the IHC Committee of the College of American Pathology (CAP), which has oversight of the proficiency testing (PT) program for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) [(and, soon, estrogen receptor (ER)] testing as mandated by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-CAP guidelines. But the voice of this editorial is my personal one, and does not reflect the views of either the cIQc or the CAP. One must be very clear about the role of QA methodologies in breast marker IHC: do they represent assessments of quality, or do they represent tools to improve quality? Although these may not be mutually exclusive, there are important real and potential implications and consequences of the answer to that question. For one of the compelling motivators for the development and employment of QA systems in breast marker IHC has been the unsatisfactory job that we, as a pathology community, seem to be doing in this regard. Before the implementation of the ASCO-CAP guidelines, it seemed to be that the error rate of HER2 IHC testing in breast cancer in the United States was on the order of 20%, with most of these representing false positives, when comparing with either 'central laboratory' IHC or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Error rates of ER testing in the United States are essentially unknown, as there have been almost no comparable published studies documenting interlaboratory error rates as there are with HER2. And those few studies do suggest there is also a big problem with ER testing. Although American pathologists may be aghast at the high error rates in ER testing that were apparent in the recent debacle in Newfoundland, which has resulted in many ER positive breast cancer patients being misclassified as ER negative and thus denied hormonal targeted therapy, I am not sure how much better many United States laboratories would fare in a similar retesting scheme. The use of QA programs to give a report card on general laboratory performance can be problematic at best and disingenuous at worst. The very high concordance data evident in this cIQc study is not necessarily reassuring, as these authors would be the first to point out that the participants in this QA study represent ''expert'' laboratories. Even the CAP's PT program represents a selfselected group and may not reflect the true state of testing in the entire community. Indeed, studies that retrospectively retest actual patient specimens either in a central lab, using either IHC or another methodology such as FISH, represent a more accurate, 'real world' assessment of the state of HER2 IHC testing, and seem to provide a much darker view of the quality of these studies as performed in the United States. How does the Canadian approach, as exemplified in this cIQc program, differ from that of the United States? On a practical level, participation in this Canadian program is anonymous; participation in CAP sponsored PT in the United States is


According to the staff present situation of college libraries and the quality demands on subject librarian,this paper puts forward methods and mechanism of bring up a qualified subject librarian.A enduring effect system of subject librarian is emphasized,and it includes train mechanism,select mechanism,continuing education mechanism,check mechanism and stimulus mechanism.


Using pyrolants instead of warhead charges can release red light and thick smoke for target practice to highlight the safety of the impact point and dud disposal. In order to find the ideal material, the combustion and kinetic properties of two Zn–Mg alloys at critical proportions were investigated. Thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) experiments in pure oxygen were conducted with atomized Zn–Mg alloy powder in the ratio of 7:3 and the ratio of 8:2 with three particle diameters under different heating rates. The kinetic parameters of the six materials were obtained by ASTM E698 and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) methods, indicating that the activation energy (Eα) of the 7:3 Zn–Mg alloy powder was lower than that of the 8:2 Zn–Mg alloy powder when the particle size distributions are similar. By the method of nonlinear multivariate regression, the oxidation reaction of Zn–Mg alloy powder was divided into two steps. The proportion of mass gain of the first-step reaction of 7:3 Zn–Mg alloy powder was 0.462–0.518, and the proportion of mass gain of the first-step reaction of 8:2 Zn–Mg alloy powder was 0.138–0.228. Reaction mechanism functions of the two-step reaction of Zn–Mg alloy oxidation were derived as f(α) = (1 – α)n(1 + kcat·α). The results of combustion experiments showed that the pyrolants composed of 7:3 alloy can burn stably to produce satisfactory smoke and light signals, while the pyrolants composed of 8:2 alloy cannot achieve this. The 7:3 Zn–Mg alloy powder is an ideal ingredient for pyrotechnic compositions.


Experiential learning, in which knowledge acquisition occurs via as opposed to for task performance, represents a core principle of task-based language education. Against this background, virtual reality (VR) holds the potential to provide incidental learning experiences by facilitating communicative, socio-physical interactions across a host of language learning domains. Thus, it is the purpose of this article to describe the use of VR as a medium for task-based language teaching. Specifically, the capabilities of the Oculus Quest VR headset will be outlined by disclosing the background, implementation, and results of a small-scale study in which tertiary-level English as a foreign language participants utilized VR to navigate the information gap game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes. Key findings indicate that the convergence of VR and commercial game software constitutes engagement that, in keeping with the principles of task-based inquiry, occasions learner collaboration and student-led resolution. More distinct to the VR method, however, is an enhanced sense of presence within its accompanying "world."


Abstract : Marine environmental investigations were conducted at three sites in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, during the period Aug-Oct 78. Data were obtained from planktonic, epifaunal, nektonic and benthic assemblages of the resident ecosystem. These studies were designed to evaluate the impact from cooling water systems(both intake and discharge effects) in areas adjacent to study sites. Entrainment, impingement and entrapment were judged to be the primary intake factors capable of causing adverse impact. Elevated temperatures of effluent cooling water were considered the major discharge perturbation. Analysis of data suggest that minor, localized adverse impacts from cooling water systems occur at the two former power plant sites in Pearl Harbor. No impact from the Submarine Training Center discharge was detected. The harbor contains a complex estuarine ecosystem which has undergone many changes due to human activities. Present ecological conditions indicate that harbor biota have a remarkable resiliency to various perturbations. Representative important species of harbor organisms have been selected and are discussed in relation to cooling water system impacts. Tabulations of data collected, listing of organisms identified and detailed descriptions of marine environmental survey techniques used during this study are presented. (Author)


Purpose
Audio-visual records produced by public broadcasters play a role in preserving the history, culture and language of a country. The records are used by broadcasters to repeat and support programmes on air. The formats that carry these records such as tapes and compact discs are fragile and have a short life span. This is compounded by evolving technologies and results in obsolete playback equipment, which can result in records not being accessible. This study aims to explore the preservation and access of audio-visual records at the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) radio in Limpopo regional offices.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative data were collected through interviews from purposively selected participants in three radio stations of the SABC in the Limpopo province which are Munghana Lonene FM, Phalaphala FM and Thobela FM. The interview data were augmented through participant observation.

Findings
The findings revealed that the SABC radio archive was preserving audio-visual records in obsolete formats such as long plays and cassettes, which also lacked playback equipment. These formats were not properly arranged and were kept in a storage area that was not monitored for decaying and security. It was further established that the radio stations were using IONA technology for retrieval of and access to records while the news division within the radio stations were relying on Electronic News Production System. As audio-visual materials were not catalogued, it proved difficult for users to access these records.

Practical implications
This study adds value to the existing theoretical and conceptual issues that form the ongoing discourse on the preservation of and access to audio-visual records which are often neglected in the developing countries. The study also laid the groundwork for further investigation of the audio-visual records at broadcasting corporations. This is prompted by the findings which established that valuable information has been lost and continues to be lost due to poor management of audio-visual records. Therefore, a further study on migration of content from analogue to digital for the purpose of continuous preservation is recommended.

Originality/value
The study triangulated data collection tools including interviews and participant observation. The context was on the national broadcaster and the focus was on the preservation of and access to audio-visual records for the radio.


A unique patient with a painful transient erythematous blotchy eruption of the face, neck, and upper trunk is described. Administration of oral diclofenac sodium resulted in prompt control of the condition. The possible relationship of this syndrome with erythermalgia is reviewed.


A first device, for example, a hub unit of the home network (1) (2) is temporarily provided a SIM (20) to save the challenge-response, then, the first unit (2) the second device using a challenge-response that is stored, that is the SIM that first device transmits a response command signal has been previously provided now has second device, for example a mobile phone (12) the process of authentication is provided a. The second device, the response of the one or more challenge-response pair that is supplied from the first device to the second device, the second device using the challenge challenge-response pair previously received from the first device by but confirming that it is the same as the response received second device from the SIM when sending interrogate SIM, further process the first device authenticates the previously it has access to the SIM in is provided that. .FIELD 1


Drop reliability of portable IT products such as PDA's, notebooks and mobile phone is issue with increase of using for lead free solder by environment regulation. Intermetallic compound formed at interface between lead free solder and pad is main cause of weakness on drop impact. To evaluate drop reliability, drop impact test methods is widely used by JEDEC standard, which is time consuming and expensive. In this study, we performed bending impact tests of a soldered joint as one of indirect test methods and studied the effects of variables, such as components size and types, aging treatments, bending variables, and number of tests by statistical analysis. Minitab software were used to conduct statistical ananysis. From the bending impact results at different component size or type, p-values were smaller than 0.05, and we knew that this test method quantitatively could be represent bending impact reliability of lead free solder joints under given conditions. We could statistically distinguish the effects of thermal shock or aging treatment of solder joints by bending impact tests under given conditions. we know that proper plus amplitude range and minus amplitude are between 5mm and 10mm, and minus 3 mm, respectively. Suitable frequency ranges were 2.5-10Hz. Bending impact life of 10 tests was statistically equivalent that of 5 tests and we could select 5 tests instead of 10 tests.


Schwarz, Norbert; And Others Recalled Behavior and Ease of Recall es Information in Self-Assessment. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn Bad Godesberg (West Germany). Aug 84 Schw-278/2-1 11p.; Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (92nd, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, August 24-28, 1984). Reports Research/Technical (143) -Speeches/Conference Papers (150)


Evidence is presented from more than 300 subjects to show that promethazine potentiates the action of six different narcotics (morphine, pethidine, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, fentanyl and pentazocine). In each instance there was prolongation rather than deepending of the narcotic action. Such an effect is consistent with the known membrane-stabilizing action of promethazine and is likely to occur at the site of inactivation of the narcotic (e.g. liver) rather than at its principal site of action, the brain. In the light of these findings promethazine premedication should be reserved for situations where the use of intravenous anaesthetics is anticipated. At the same time promethazine may prove to be a useful drug in certain other situations where too rapid inactivation of the principal drug presents a therapeutic problem.


The surface of steel bar when hot sawing exists the faults of bordure or burr.In order to solve this problem,we need to reform the supporting device and horizontal clamping device to improve the quality of the end and reduce the next process and the cost of steel.Meanwhile,sampling device is needed because of hot forging.


was, developed later, when he became king, into public symbolism. One of Rosso's frescoes in the long gallery at Fontainebleau, the quintessential architectural achievement of the reign, shows the king with a book and a sword in his hands entering a temple lit by a bright inner light. The meaning, for once in this most arcane of visual emblematic programmes, seems to be the fairly obvious one of the monarch as patron of the arts and as warrior. This, in fact, is the central theme of Robert Knecht's substantial and sumptuously produced and illustrated revision of his 1982 study of the reign, Francis I. It also, in a sense, raises a major dilemma about the personality of Francis. The king was a great patron and an individual of some cultivation, to whom


ABSTRACT The continuous growth of ore train lengths demands more efficient schedules, improved transit estimations and accident prevention schemes. Braking is a key component in achieving these objectives. Understandably, physical testing is potentially dangerous and costly. Meanwhile, the computational cost of calculating vehicle forces and brake airflow is high, both in computational effort and time. Therefore, strategies to improve analytical and simulation effectiveness efficiency are critical to achieve the goal of transporting more cargo safely and economically. This work implemented and compared the computational cost of a parallelization method against a traditional single-thread approach. The first model is based on lump parameters, while the second use Navier-Stokes conservation equations assuming an isothermal environment. Both models used OpenMP to execute on multiple cores. This implementation resulted in an 80% reduction in model solution time, when compared with the traditional single-thread approach.


"Camporesi ought to be read in small doses, since if we were to read him all at once we should wonder, 'Wait, what are we, we civilized people?'" -- Umberto Eco


A method of obtaining mutants defective in the regulatory function of Ig μ gene expression was developed. Such mutants are useful for discovering the functions of transcription factors and isolating their genes, especially those of DNA-unbinding factors. Cells expressing Ig μ and Eco-GPT simultaneously under control of each μ enhancer were prepared as follows: myeloma X63Ag8.653 cells were transfected with pSV-VμMeΔCH1 encoding a μ gene modified for cell surface μ expression without light chains, selected by neomycin resistance, transfected with the Eco-GPT gene connected to the μ enhancer, and selected with mycophenolic acid in a medium containing xanthine. The μm/Eco-GPT cells were mutated with ethane methyl sulfonate (EMS), and selected with toxin-conjugated anti-μ antibody, and then with 6-thioguanine. The mutants obtained were fused with X63Ag8.653 cells. Fusion caused the mutants to recover μm expression, suggesting that some trans-acting transcription factor other than the μ-encoding gene itself wa...


52Background: We identified an extracellular pathway that plays a role in modulating T cell activity in vivo, which we call the Resokine Pathway. The pathway specifically involves a 60 amino acid domain of the tRNA Synthetase for Histidine, which is an essential gene in all cells, including tumor cells, vis-a-vis protein synthesis. Methods: Circulating Resokine levels were measured in 466 plasma samples from patients bearing a number of different tumor types, as well as healthy individuals, using an ECLIA format with sensitivity to 5pM. Serum Resokine levels were also measured in tumor-bearing mice. Results: Low, Circulating Resokine Levels in Cancer Patients are Negligible Compared to Healthy Individuals: Resokine levels in healthy volunteers (n = 148) ranged from 8pM - > 2333pM with 18% of the individuals possessing a level below 30pM. In contrast, levels measured across patients with all tumor types tested ranged from 20pM to > 2333pM (above the upper limit of quantification) with only 4% of the patien...


Nanostructured polymeric composites, based on a homopolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a small molecule, 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride [VBIM][Cl], an unsaturated room-temperature ionic liquid (IL) have been fabricated. Our strategy forms organic conductive nanodomains with diameters of 20–30 nm dispersed homogeneously in the PVDF matrix. It is demonstrated that these conductive nanodomains are induced from microphase separation of the IL grafted PVDF (PVDF-g-IL) segments from the neat PVDF, which were produced by using electron-beam irradiation, leading IL molecules to graft onto the amorphous PVDF chains. It is also found that such microphase separation of PVDF-g-IL segments from PVDF matrix occurs only when the grafted IL content exceeds 3 wt %. Furthermore, the formed nanodomains enhance the crystallization rate of the matrix PVDF. The obtained nanostructured PVDF composites show dominant nonpolar α-phase of PVDF crystals and increased crystal long period (L) compared with neat PVDF. Ad...


This paper reports a novel technique enabling to tune the resonant frequency of linear inertial piezoelectric energy harvesters through the control strategy of the associated electronic interface circuit. When associated with piezoelectric devices exhibiting high electromechanical coupling, it is expected to enable the variation of the resonant frequency in large proportions.


INTRODUCTION: Nearly two thirds of patients with metastatic cancer will experience painful spinal metastasis and pathologic compression fractures that negatively impact their quality of life and function status. Furthermore, invasive surgical interventions to treat these spinal lesions could delay chemoradiation for the treatment of their underlying disease. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent kyphoplasty procedures for the treatment of cancer-associated vertebral compression fractures at the Moffitt Cancer Center from 2009-2019. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, pain severity, concurrent palliative therapies and complications were assessed. RESULTS: 625 patients underwent kyphoplasty procedures. 119 patients required additional kyphoplasty at additional levels. Greater than 1500 spinal levels were performed ranging from C2-S1. SINS score ranged from 4-13. Tumor types include multiple myloma (23%), breast (13%), lung (13%), lymphoma (6%). Significant pain reduction with reduction in VAS was observed in at 2 weeks and persisted beyond 3 months (p < 0.01). Nearly all patient experienced reduction in 24hr opioid usage. Greater than 25% had 2 column tumor involvement. Less than 1% required additional stabilization procedures. CONCLUSION: Kyphoplasty is safe and effective in controlling pain and stability. Kyphoplasty should be offered to any patient with spinal metastasis and compression fracture with significant pain (VAS >4).


Patients whose vision has been restored after long periods of blindness commonly experience difficulty in perceiving. Parodoxically, such patients often perform well on pseudoisochromatic colour-vision tests. A well-known example is Gregory and Wallace's subject, S B, whose performance on the Ishihara test was perfect. It is suggested that restoration of vision may be associated with relatively poor visual acuity and that this, by filtering higher spatial frequencies, enhances the legibility of pseudoisochromatic test patterns. Two experiments confirm that the Ishihara plates are more legible when seen as defocused images.


We thank Patel et al. for their correspondence and interest in the research. We absolutely agree that indication for amputation and revascularisation is a key component to understanding the differential rates. However, HES does not collect data of sufficient quality to allow such analysis. To fully understand these inequalities, a prospective longitudinal study is required. Our research, therefore, should be viewed as hypothesis generating and a stimulus for work into this poorly understood public health problem.


The application relates to a micro-crack alarming method and device for a fatigue test of a casting part of a helicopter transmission system. The method comprises: collecting a plurality of signals of a strain test point; filtering the plurality of signals; transmitting an alarming signal when the real-time peak value of one or more signals of the plurality of signals exceeds an initial value and reaches a first threshold; and transmitting an alarming signal when the real-time peak value of one or more signals of the plurality of signals exceeds an initial value and reaches a second threshold. The method and the device propose determination standards for early warning and alarming of fatigue micro-cracks. An existing fatigue test point is used as a monitoring test point and an existing fatigue test device is used for data analysis with no need of new devices. A test operator can accurately find the detailed position where a crack is generated. The cost is low, the process is simple, and the operation is convenient.


When Marcus Tullius Cicero began holding assizes as governor of Cilicia in 50 B.C., he found himself in an embarassing dilemna. Even before arriving in the province he had been torn between his desire to behave as an exemplary provincial governor and his eagerness to please his friends who were pressing him to bend the law with regard to their interests in the province. M. Iunius Brutus was the most importunate of the lot, providing him with a full volume of commissions to attend to. In one of these he had reccommended to Cicero two negotiatores, M. Scaptius and P. Matinius, described by him as two familiares who were trying to collect an overdue loan to the people of Salamis at Cyprus. To spur Cicero on, Brutus had


The interaction between the magnetic dopants (Mn) and 2-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in Mn \ensuremath{\delta}-doped GaAs/Be-doped $p$-type AlGaAs heterostructures, where holes were supplied from the Be-doped AlGaAs to the Mn \ensuremath{\delta}-doped GaAs, realized ferromagnetic ordering. The Curie temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ of the heterostructure prepared with suitable growth conditions was 172 K, highest among the ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ values reported in III-V (InAs, GaAs) magnetic semiconductors.


http://www.akm.ch/eccmid2003/ 10-13 May 2003 13th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ECCMID Glasgow, United Kingdom Grupo Pacifico Phone: 34-932-388-777 Fax: 34-932-387-488 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 7-10 May 2003 12th International Congress on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy ISCP 2003 Barcelona, Spain European Association of Urology, P.O Box 30016, 6803 AA, Arnhem, The Netherlands Phone: 31-26-389-0680 Fax: 31-263-890-686 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 12-16 Apr 2003 18th Congress of the European Association of Urology EAU Amsterdam, The Netherlands Meeting Organiser Phone: 1-703-683-8416 Fax: 1-703-683-8417 9-12 Apr 2003 15th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy Minneapolis, MN, USA


An in vitro method for distinguishing irritable bowel syndrome from inflammatory bowel disease, the method comprising: providing a fecal sample obtained from a person to diagnose; and determining whether said sample contains an elevated level of endogenous lactoferrin, wherein if said sample contains an elevated level of endogenous lactoferrin diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome and other noninflammatory etiologies are excluded syndrome.


A reflective display apparatus including at least one front-light module, a first frame, a first liquid, and a display unit is provided. The at least one front-light module includes a light source and a light guide plate. The light source is adapted for providing an illumination beam. The first frame connects with the light guide plate of the at least one front-light module. The display unit, the first frame, the at least one front-light module form a first containing space and the first liquid is injected into the first containing space. Besides, a manufacturing method of the reflective display apparatus is also provided.


Trials were conducted in a severely infested field of celery near Hudsonville MI (Ottawa Co.). Adult populations were in excess of 500 per 50 sweeps and flies were present on nearly every new leaf. Defoliation exceeded 80% (only new growth was free of mines). Plots were 3 rows by 25 ft, arranged linearly along the eastern border of the field, 3 replications per treatment, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied to the center row of each plot on 10 Sep and 17 Sep '85 with a CO2 hand sprayer with a single nozzle over the row at 50 gpa and 30 psi. New leaflets without visible mines (10 per plot) were randomly sampled immediately after treatment, as soon as the spray had dried. The leaflets were placed in plastic bags, returned to the laboratory and kept at room temperature. Larvae and pupae were counted 9 and 13 days after collection and were retained in screen-covered vials for assessment of adult emergence. Older leaflets were also randomly collected immediately after treatment (10 per plot) and returned to the laboratory for evaluation. Larvae and pupae were counted 6 days after collection and retained in vials. Numbers of emerged adults were recorded 20 days after collection. 8 days after the 2nd application, 3 plants were randomly selected from each plot. For each plant, the terminal leaflet from each of the newest 3 stalks was collected, number of visible mines recorded and larval and adult emergence measured, as before. The oldest of these 3 stalks was generally the same age as stalks sampled as "new growth without mines" at the beginning of the study. Several had already had their terminal leaflets removed during the earlier sampling. All pupae were retained for several weeks to allow time for emergence of parasitoids.


For more than a century, persistent efforts have been made to develop a test of vestibulospinal function. However, these efforts largely have been frustrated by the fact that the vestibulospinal system is imbedded in a postural-control system that also receives inputs from visual, proprioceptive, and perhaps other sensory modalities, each with its own complex dynamics, 'and that controls a musculoskeletal system with over 200 degrees of freedom. In the face of such complexity, the chance of finding a set of response variables that optimally characterizes a specific dysfunction is remote unless a systematic analysis is carried out. Control engineers have developed powerful methods for analyzing complex control systems, but even these methods are overwhelmed by the complexity of human postural control. Obviously some simplifications are necessary. The simplest physical model of human postural sway is a single-link inverted pendulum, capable of rotating only about the ankle joints. Using such a physical model, Nashner developed a detailed control model of the sensory systems involved in postural control.' Gurfinkel subsequently described the dynamics of a one-link inverted pendulum atop a triangle-shaped foot.' Unfortunately, while the single-link inverted-pendulum model reduces the analysis of postural control to manageable proportions, it does not describe adequately human postural dynamics. Virtually every investigator who has been able to measure relative movement between the various body segments reports that significant movement occurs at all joints, not only at the ankle.3-7 Hemami and his associates have studied the stability of two-link and threelink model^.^" '' Recently we developed a four-link model hy adding Hemami and Jaswa's three-link model to Gurfinkel's triangular foot. The method of free-body analysis was employed to yield equatic Form better suited for digital computation." Our model is elaborated fully by Koozekanani et al." This paper briefly reviews and extends the modG and describes our attempts thus far to validate it. .


Introduction. Billy Graham's New South Chapter one. "No Segregation at the Altar" Chapter two. Evangelical Universalism in the Post-Brown South Chapter three. The Politics of Decency Chapter four. "Another Kind of March" Chapter five. Billy Graham's Southern Strategy Chapter six. Crusading for the Sunbelt South Chapter seven. "Before the Water Gate" Epilogue. Billy Graham and American Conservatism


A wireless cellular system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered in this paper. Since cellular systems use frequency reuse concepts to enhance the area spectral efficiency, it introduces so called cochannel interference (CCI) which is one of the major sources of performance degradation. To mitigate the effect of CCI while satisfying required quality of service, the power level on each subchannel of OFDM systems should be allocated to and controlled at an optimum level. A conventional approach to OFDM power allocation system design is to maintain the same link quality for all subchannels. To overcome the drawbacks of the traditional approach, a new power allocation scheme exploiting the frequency diversity of OFDM systems by considering the error correcting coding is proposed. The frequency diversity is also exploited in the power control algorithm. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over the conventional one.


In the bioethanol production process of waste generated that is equal to 90% of the fermentation solution. With the vast amount of waste is the waste treatment process becomes very important, one of which is to process into livestock woof. The solid bioethanol waste containing cyanide (HCN) 5.8177 mg/kg, water 95.21%, ash 0.39%, protein 8.16%, crude fiber 5.45%, crude fat 2.06%, and carbohydrates 83,94%. The processing solid bioethanol waste into livestock woof can be done by utilizing the existing fungi on solid bioethanol waste. Crude fiber (cellulose) and carbohydrates are a source of cellulolytic fungal. Cellulolytic fungi can degrade the role of organic materials contained in solid into bioethanol waste so that the source of highly nutritious livestock woof. This study aims to determine the types of mold and fungi cellulolytic isolates contained in solid bioethanol waste the potentially in processing bioethanol waste into livestock woof. The research was conducted using the descriptive analysis method. The medium used for culturing the fungus and isolate the medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Fungal isolation conducted by using dilution series and pour plate method and identification with the Moist Chamber method. To find out cellulolytic fungi using selective medium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and identification of fungi made to genus level based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization. In this study obtained 10 isolates of the fungus from the genus Aspergillus sp 1, Aspergillus sp 2, Aspergillus sp 3, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp, Mucor sp, Penicillium sp 1, Penicillium sp 2, Rhizopus sp and Trichoderma viride. The results of cellulase enzyme activity assay showed that 9 from 10 isolates of the fungus has the capability of cellulose degradation. Isolates that largest produce the enzyme cellulase is Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp 1, Cladosporium spand Aspergillus niger.


We solve in closed form the optimal consumption / portfolio choice problem for the class of isoelastic utility functions under incomplete information about the mean return of the stock price. Our approach consists in converting the original investor's problem into an equivalent program where the agent's utility function is state dependent and for which standard martingale techniques can be easily implemented. Upon observing the realizations of the stock and possibly outside market information, the investor can revise her beliefs about the true value of the mean return, which induces optimal allocations that can be significantly different from those of a myopic agent. We find that the fraction of wealth invested into the risky asset is always increasing in the investor's assessment of the conditional mean return whereas the consumption-wealth is increasing (decreasing) in the latter if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution (I.E.S.) is below (above) unity. When the investor has access to outside market information, the more informative the signal, the higher (lower) the fraction of wealth invested into the risky asset and the lower (higher) the consumption-wealth ratio exactly when the I.E.S. is greater (smaller) than one. The reason is that the agent understands that when she receives better quality information, she can update her beliefs more quickly which in turn can lead to larger changes in her optimal consumption and portfolio allocations. She devotes more of her wealth into the risky asset only if she is willing to tolerate changes in her consumption pattern. Finally, as far as the hedging demand for the risky security is concerned, it is positive (negative) and rises (falls) with more accurate information and the investor horizon, exactly when the I.E.S. if above (below) unity. Hence, the conventional advice according to which long horizon investors should allocate aggressively their wealth to equity is founded only for agents whose intertemporal elasticity of substitution is above unity


This study consisted in characterizing the materials used to build Santa Marina de Aguas Santas Church at Cordoba and locating the original quarries. The techniques used in the lithological and chemical characterization included XRD, petrographic microscopy and electron dispersive scanning microscopy. The chemical index of weathering (CIW) was used to quantify the state of stone decay. The lithology and different types of alterations observed were mapped. A comparison of the material on the building to ancient quarries identified "Naranjo" as the possible site where the stone was originally quarried.


ABSTRACT Healthcare system in Nigeria has suffered many structural problems, which have impacted healthcare access and delivery. In this study, I explore physician-patient interactions in Nigerian hospitals, with the goal of unveiling its impact of healthcare processes. Using a qualitative narrative framework and in-depth interviews with 22 Nigerians, the study attended to communication dynamics and challenges present in physician-patient relationship in Nigeria. Findings reveal Physicians' low communication efficacy as characterized by lack of interpersonal relations, empathy, and depth of information disclosure. Additional findings reveal the culture of power as a major influence in this kind of relationship.


Ni-coated Mn composite powders were prepared by carbonylation technology to prevent the oxidation of Mn powders.The Ni-Mn alloy were prepared by liquid phase sintering and the dynamic compressive property of the Ni-Mn alloy with different composition under different heat treatments were studied.The results show that the dynamic compressive strength of the quenched alloy is higher than that of the annealed alloy with pearlite-like structure. The effect of composition of the alloy on the dynamic compressive strength is discussed based on the empirical electron of solid and molecules theory(EET),and the result indicates that higher compressive strength can be expected for the alloy with increasing Ni content.


We describe a nilpotent quotient algorithm for a certain class of infinite presentations: the so-called finite L-presentations. We then exhibit finite L-presentations for various examples and report on the application of our nilpotent quotient algorithm to them. As a result, we obtain conjectural descriptions of the lower central series structure of various interesting groups including the Grigorchuk supergroup, the Brunner–Sidki–Vieira group, the Basilica group, certain generalizations of the Fabrykowski–Gupta group, and certain generalizations of the Gupta–Sidki group.


In this paper, we present the design principles for virtual spaces and two different tools as solutions for supporting e-collaboration and multi-user communication in Web-based learning communities. The first solution, called Virtual Conference, is designed and implemented in the framework of the VirRAD European project. It is a two-dimensional space where participants represented by their photos can use various e-collaboration tools. The second solution, called EVE Training Area, is a three-dimensional space where participants, represented by 3D humanoid avatars, can use a variety of e-collaboration tools. This paper describes the functionality provided by both tools, compares them, and proposes cases for exploiting each solution.


Following resection of primary malignant bone tumours of the humerus, limb salvage can be performed by vascularized fibula graft for reconstruction of large segmental defects. In 12 patients with malignant bone tumour of the proximal humerus, tumour was resected and the bone defect reconstructed by vascularized fibula graft. Median age of the patients was 23 years. Median follow up was 114 months. In 10 patients humeral head had to be resected and was replaced by fibular transplant including head and shaft of the ipsilateral fibula. Humeral head could be left in place in 2 patients. Median length of transplant was 17.2 cm. Radiographic union could be seen after 8 months in median. In 7 patients partial necrosis of the fibular head occurred, in 4 patients fracture of the transplant happened following trauma. In these 4 cases revision surgery was required. Partial necrosis of the head of fibula had no significant influence on shoulder function. One patient died of disease, the others are disease free. Enneking Index was 61% in median at time of last follow up. At donor side 3 cases of transient peroneal palsy could be seen. We conclude that vascularized fibula graft is a successful surgical procedure for upper limb salvage especially for preservation of joint function also in long term follow up.


Unsteady free convection flow of Casson fluid over an unbounded upright plate subject to time dependent velocity Uof(t) with constant wall temperature has been carried out. By introducing dimensionless variables, the general solutions are obtained by Laplace transform method. The solution corresponding to Newtonian fluid for γ → ∞ is obtained as a limiting case. Exact solutions corresponding to (i) f(t) = fH(t), (ii) f(t) = fta, a > 0 (iii) f(t) = fH(t)cos(ωt) are also discussed as special cases of our general solutions. Expressions for shear stress in terms of skin friction and the rate of heat transfer in the form of Nusselt number are also presented. Velocity and temperature profiles for different parameters are discussed graphically. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D15, 26A51, 26D10, 26A15.


Enterprises usually provide strong controls to prevent external cyberattacks and inadvertent leakage of data to external entities. However, in the case where employees and data scientists have legitimate access to analyze and derive insights from the data, there are insufficient controls and employees are usually permitted access to all information about the customers of the enterprise including sensitive and private information. Though it is important to be able to identify useful patterns of one's customers for better customization and service, customers' privacy must not be sacrificed to do so. We propose an alternative a framework that will allow privacy preserving data analytics over big data. In this paper, we present an efficient and scalable framework for Apache Spark, a cluster computing framework, that provides strong privacy guarantees for users even in the presence of an informed adversary, while still providing high utility for analysts in an interactive wrapper. The framework, titled Shade, includes two mechanisms SparkLAP, which provides Laplacian perturbation based on a user's query and SparkSAM, which uses the contents of the database itself in order to calculate the perturbation. We show that performance of Shade is substantially better than earlier differential privacy systems without loss of accuracy, particularly when run on datasets small enough to fit in memory, and find that SparkSAM can even exceed performance of an identical non-private Spark query. Thesis Supervisor: Lalana Kagal Title: Principal Research Scientist


Purpose. The settlement of Zharkovo-3 is of different archaeological periods and contains materials from the Middle and Late Bronze Age. This site is important for studying the bone industry of the Bronze Age of steppe Altai, since, as a result of its excavations, a representative collection of bone tools and products was obtained. Among the main tasks of the study was not only to clarify the technological features of the manufacture and functional purpose of objects, but also to link them to specific cultural and chronological complexes.Results. A comprehensive study of bone artifacts has shown that objects of the developed Bronze Age are tools of leatherworking. Most of these are tools from the jaws of cattle, which were used to kneading the skin. For the Late Bronze Age, various types of products are characteristic: "tupiki" (blunt knives for kneading skins), scrapers, spatulas, needle holders, dart points, skates, etc. The raw material variety of tools for kneading skins made from the jaws of cattle, horses and sheep is of interest.Conclusion. In the materials of the settlement of Zharkovo-3 we find various strategies for the use of bone raw materials. The overwhelming majority of products can be attributed to natural and partial modifications, during the manufacture of which the natural form of the bone is preserved in whole or in part. In the studied collection of bone objects, leatherworking tools clearly predominate. This situation is typical for the sites of the Bronze Age of the steppe and forest-steppe belts of Eurasia.


Soil As contamination, which is dangerous to plants and human and may cause elevation of As concentrations in the surrounding waters, is a widespread and severe environmental problem both in China and in the world. Phytoremediation, which is an emerging plant-based technology for the removal of pollutants, have been successfully applied to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. Pteris vittata L., an indicator plant for calcareous soils, is an As-hyperaccumulator newly discovered by Chen et al. in China. This finding may bring a hope to phytoremediate As-contaminated soils. The accumulation and translocation of necessary metals involved have not been elucidated. We investigated the interactions of As and Ca on the concentration and distribution of metals including K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Pteris vittata L. under sand culture condition. A 3×3 complete factorial experiment was designed which contained 9 treatments added with 3 As concentrations: 0, 0.1, 0.2 mmol/L and 3 concentrations of Ca: 0.03, 2.5, 5.0 mmol/L. It is shown that the Mg and Zn concentrations in roots were significantly reduced by enhancing the As levels whereas the concentrations of K, Mn, Fe and Cu in the roots were not influenced. There was no significant effect of the added As on the metal concentrations in shoots, and Mn concentration in petioles and Fe concentration in shoots. A decrease of Fe translocation from underground to aboveground and an increase of that from petiole to leaf were found with increasing As concentration in the medium. The applied As was benefit to transport Mn from petiole to leaf and Zn from root to leaf. The results show that the accumulations of Fe, Zn and Cu were not significantly affected by Ca levels. With increasing Ca concentration in the medium, K concentration in the roots increased gradually in the leaves. Applied 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L Ca caused to reduce Mg and Mn concentration in the shoots comparing with the treatment of 0.03mmol Ca /L. Regardless of As and Ca levels, Mn was the only element among the 6 metals studied which accumulated obviously to the shoots. The interaction of metals was enhanced gradually from the roots to leaves, and the effect of the Ca level on other metal elements was very obvious. There was no significant relationship between the Ca concentration and other metals concentrations in the roots. But the positive correlation between Ca and Fe concentrations in petioles was very significantly. The K, Mg, Mn and Zn concentrations in leaves decreased as the Ca concentration increased.


Abstract Contemporary stress paradigms provide one basis for developing a systems theory that specifies causal linkages between social structure, alienation, and perceptual style. Within the proposed theory, five alienation syndromes serve as alternate methods of coping with psychological and physiobiochemical stress reactions. Stress levels derive from the countervailing influences of resources and social-structural stressors. The cognitive component of each alienation syndrome feeds back cybernetically to reduce psychological stress, while the affective component operates in an equivalent manner to reduce physiobiochemical stress. Jointly, the two components also condition perceptual style. To reduce alienation, interventions that enhance resources are suggested for the intermediate range future. Planned changes to eliminate structural stressors are viewed as long-range efforts requiring future research.


We show that a fluid-flow interpretation of Service Curve Earliest Deadline First (SCED) scheduling simplifies deadline derivations for this scheduler. By exploiting the recently reported isomorphism between min-plus and max-plus network calculus and expressing deadlines in a max-plus algebra, deadline computations no longer require explicit pseudo-inverse computations. SCED deadlines are provided for latency-rate as well as a class of piecewise linear service curves.


Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of the Tibet Regional Hospital revenue.Method: To establish the factor index system for the changes of outpatient and hospital income in Tibet region from 2010 to 2011,and use multi-factor analysis method to analyze hospital business income.Results: Compared 2011 with 2010,the Tibet regional hospital revenue has a substantial increase,mainly in the increase of average daily cost and outpatient visits,in which the increase rate of Chinese medicine is little.Conclusion: Tibetan medical standards have a constant progress,the quality of service is constantly improved,and the comprehensive economic management capacity is improved.


Excess enthalpies were measured for Kr/Xe at 163 K, N/sub 2//O/sub 2/ at 80K, CO/CH/sub 4/ at 91.3K, N/sub 2//CO at 83.82K, Xe/(CH3)/sub 2/O at 182.3K and Xe/C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ at 162.9K at saturation pressure using the batch mixing calorimeter constructed under the previous contract. In each case, independently measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data were used to correct for the heat effect of vaporization during the mixing process. Modifications were made to the calorimeter to improve its performance during this period. The data obtained on CO/sub 2//C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ at two temperatures were compared with thermodynamic perturbation theory and data for Kr/Xe and C/sub 2/H/sub 6//C/sub 3/H/sub 8/ have been found consistent with a van der Waals one-fluid model using appropriate mixing parameters. A new flow calorimeter for use at cryogenic temperatures was designed and partially constructed. It is intended for use between 77 and 400 K and at pressures to 2800 psia (20 MPa).


Although asphyxia related-death is a common occurrence in forensic setting, traditional autopsy with neck dissection is not always sufficient to gain information about potential injuries of the deep structures of the neck.In this case a 40 years-old white female was found unresponsive on the floor of her living room, in supine position with a widespread brownish area on her neck.A preliminary PMCT examination showed a fracture line within the hyoid bone.This finding was confirmed by the autopsy, which revealed soft tissue's haemorrhage of the sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles and a fracture of the right horn of the hyoid bone.A 3D reconstruction of the event showed the aggressor standing behind the victim while holding his arm around her neck.Our study demonstrates that, PMCT represent an effective aid to traditional examination techniques in order to visualize fractures. The former always requires to be associated with autoptic examination.


Forest Restoration
Global initiatives call for the restoration of vast areas of deforested landscapes worldwide, particularly in the tropics. In a Perspective, Holl highlights the disconnect between these ambitious goals and the reality on the ground, where forest restoration must compete with numerous other land uses. Many studies of forest restoration have been performed at small scales, making it difficult to apply their results. Furthermore, efforts to restore forests in productive agricultural landscapes often meet with local resistance. Examples from the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact in Brazil and from Colombia point the way to successful forest landscape restoration approaches that balance ecological and human welfare goals.

Science , this issue p. [455][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam5432


With more and more international economic exchanges, ship transport becomes more and more frequent, which further increases the exchange capacity of ship ballast water in different sea areas, thus causing more and more serious marine problems of alien microbial invasion. Therefore, in this paper, on the basis of microbial inactivation of ship ballast water treated by uv irradiation, the influencing factors of its catalytic activity were explored by adding photocatalyst TiO2 into the bacterial suspension, That is to change the catalytic activity of titanium dioxide noble metal and other modified substances and doping amount. Firstly, the UV-sterilization was used as a control, and the modified photocatalyst nano-TiO2 was added. It was found that the sterilization rate increased greatly, indicating that the photocatalyst-modified nano-TiO2 has a very strong reinforcing effect on ultraviolet sterilization. Secondly, the photocatalyst itself was changed. It was found that the amount of photocatalyst nano-TiO2 had a great influence on UV sterilization. Within a certain range, the more the photocatalyst nano-TiO2 is, the better the sterilization effect is. Finally, changing the external conditions of the photocatalyst, it was found that the photocatalyst nano-TiO2 had the best activity at higher temperature (33 °C), alkaline (pH=8.5) or neutral (pH=7.5) and long-wave ultraviolet radiation.


We appreciate the comments of Arnott and colleagues. We would like to point out that the controlled trial of Hardy et al 1 did show a statistically significant decrease not only in the log rank statistic comparing time with development of bacterial infection, but also in the frequency of infection (19 of 154 patients receiving trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole vs 38 of 156 patients receiving aerosol pentamidine; Fisher exact test, P=. 005). Therefore, we believe that it was appropriate to adjust for the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in adult HIV-infected patients. In regard to use of pentamidine in our patients, there was no appreciable use of intravenous pentamidine during the relevant period in cases and controls. There was use of aerosol pentamidine for prophylaxis of P carinii pneumonia in some patients, but it is probably less likely that the inhaled form of the drug would be a confounding variable for bacterial pneumonia, particularly since


Helical complexes have been much studied as examples of self-assembled supramolecular units. Their structural features are analysed in terms of the metal ion, the binding site on the ligand and the bridging group linking these sites. Understanding these elements allows the controlled assembly of multicomponent systems. Preliminary results show the complexes to have high stability, arising from the inertness of the self-assembled species.


We model the newly predicted high-$T_c$ superconducting candidates constructed by corner-shared trigonal bipyramidal complexes with an effective three-orbital tight-banding Hamiltonian and investigate the pairing symmetry of their superconducting states driven by electron-electron interactions. Our combined weak and strong coupling based calculations consistently identify the chiral $d+id$ superconductivity as the leading pairing symmetry in a wide doping range with realistic interaction parameters. This pairing state has nontrivial topological Chern-number and can host gapless chiral edge modes, and the vortex cores under magnetic field can carry Majorana zero modes.


Background: India has the largest number of diabetic patients in the world. India also has the dubious distinction of being termed the "DIABETES CAPITAL OF THE WORLD". Balanoposthitis/Balanitis is the most predominant opportunistic human mycosis, especially in those diabetic persons that present with unsatisfactory Glycaemic control, some factors including personal hygiene, menopause and circumcision might have a possible role in development of balanoposthitis / balanitis in males and vulvovaginal candidiasis in female. In this study we try to determine the association of candida infection specially balanoposthitis/ balanitis in male diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between September 2022 to Feb 2023 in DARBHANGA Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Sample are collected from male diabetic patient who has sign and symptoms of Balanitis / Balanoposthitis. Sample were processed for fungal culture according to standard microbiological techniques. Result: Among the participants Candida infection found more to uncircumcised men with uncontrolled T2DM. Maximum cases were Candida Albicans followed by C. Glabarta, C. C. Tropicalis, C Dubelensis and C.Krusei. Conclusion: This studies showed that uncontrolled T2DM patients are more prone to develops urogenital infection like Balanitis/ Balanoposthitis in male patients.


Interest in global climate change has risen dramatically during the past several decades. In a similar fashion, the number of data sets available to study global change has also increased. Unfortunately, many different organizations and researchers have compiled these data sets, making it confusing and time consuming for individuals to acquire the most comprehensive data. In response to this rapid growth in the number of global data sets, DOE`s Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) and NOAA`s National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) established the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) project. The purpose of this project is to compile an improved data set of long-term monthly mean temperature, precipitation, sea level pressure, and station pressure for as dense a network of global stations as possible. Specifically, the GHCN project seeks to consolidate the numerous preexisting national-, regional-, and global-scale data sets into a single global data base; to subject the data to rigorous quality control; and to update, enhance, and distribute the data set at regular intervals. The purpose of this paper is to describe the compilation and contents of the GHCN data base (i.e., GHCN Version 1.0).


PURPOSE: A circuit for generating sampling pulse of liquid crystal display device is provided to be capable of displaying a stable screen image by correctly sampling data. CONSTITUTION: A synchronous compensating unit(710) receives an external input synchronous signal(Csync) and a master clock(MCLK) signal and generates a synchronous compensating signal for use in the creation of a synchronous compensated sampling clock to the input synchronous signal. A sampling clock generating unit(720) generates a sampling clock. The sampling clock is initialized with the synchronous compensating signal generated from the synchronous compensating unit(710) and is synchronously compensated to the input synchronous signal by demultiplexing the master clock(MCLK). A first sampling clock generating unit(721) generates a predetermined pulse signal from a falling edge of the master clock(MCLK). A second sampling clock generating unit(722) is initialed with the synchronous compensating signal generated from the synchronous compensating unit(710), and then generates a predetermined pulse signal from an ascending edge being enabled. An output unit(724) receives the sampling clock generated from the sampling clock generating unit(721) and the clock pulse generated from the second sampling clock generating unit(722) and outputs the compensated sampling clock as the input synchronous signal. An output control unit(724) generates a control signal to transmit it to the sampling clock generating unit(722) so that the first sampling generating unit(721) generates the clock pulse from the fall edge of the master clock(MCLK). Thereafter, the second sampling clock generating unit(722) generates the clock pulse from the ascending edge of the master clock(MCLK).


The influence of stone and rock covers on soil erosion hazard was assessed in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro North basin of Kenya. Reconnaissance data from 83 sample sites was collected on vegetation cover types and amounts, slope gradients, soil types and percentage stone and rock cover over the area. In addition, topsoil samples were collected for laboratory analysis of texture and organic matter. It was found that although the main factors influencing soil erosion were vegetation cover and topography, stone and rock covers increased soil erosion under each type of vegetation. In addition, stone/rock covers influenced soil erosion on-site and off-site of the affected areas. However, more detailed studies are necessary to determine the processes involved during soil erosion under stone covers, particularly under rangeland conditions. Keywords: stone cover, soil erosion JAGST Vol 6 (1) 2004: 19-28


The operating clock period in modern circuits is designated under worst-case operating conditions, in order to ensure error free functionality. To accomplish this goal, designers take into account the timing of the circuit critical path that provides an upper limit for the clock rate. However, that limit imposes heavy performance penalties on the design, since the critical path is not frequently excited during runtime. In contrast with the prevailing methodology, the better-thanworst-case (BTWC) paradigm treats the circuit timing requirements in a more flexible way, as it does not commit to serve the demands of the worst-case scenario. In this work we develop a novel timing analysis methodology inspired by the BTWC approach. Instead of performing the standard critical path analysis, we focus on analyzing the timing requirements of each operation separately. In the sequel we specify an adaptive clock period that is derived by the timing requirements of each supported circuit operation. As a result, we are guaranteed error-free circuit functionality, as no timing violations of individual operations are ever allowed to occur. To this end no error correction mechanisms are required. We verify the proposed methodology by applying it on four different post-layout implementations of ALUs and FPUs. The results we obtain display an average 2.05x throughput increase compared to the implementations operating under the worstcase clock period. We also demonstrate that the area requirements of our methodology are trivial as the overhead is less than 2% of the original design.


Compressive Sensing (CS) is an emerging signal processing technique that achieves sub-Nyquist sampling rate. It has attracted significant interest in recent times due to its ability to reduce the data rate of transmission. This paper presents the design of an optimized CS scheme for image transmission over mobile wireless noisy channel. It features individual measurement instead of highly related packages to improve the performance of CS under severe channel noise conditions. It also simplifies the design of the encoder compared to traditional image coding standards, which facilitates more power and computational efficiency sensing process. In this research, a novel quantizer is embedded in the system which allows the encoder to dynamically adapt to the channel conditions and provide optimum performance.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Zhenwu decoction on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into sham operation group( group A),ischemia-reperfusion model group( group B),low-dose Zhenwu decoction group( group C),and high-dose Zhenwu decoction group( group D). The groups C and D were given different concentrations of Zhenwu decoction by intragastric administration for five consecutive days. For groups B,C,and D,a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 min,followed by reperfusion for 4 h. The right atrial blood was collected after successful model establishment. The content of myocardial malondialdehyde( MDA),serum creatine kinase( CK),and its isoenzyme( CK-MB) was determined and compared between all groups. Results: Compared with group A,groups B,C,and D had significantly higher levels of MDA,CK,and CK-MB( P 0. 05). Compared with group B,groups C and D had significantly lower levels of MDA,CK,and CK-MB( P 0. 05). There were no significant differences in the content of MDA,CK,and CK-MB between groups C and D( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Zhenwu decoction protects the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury,which may associate with reduction in oxygen free radical injury.


Abstract Odo, B.I., Alaku, S.O. and Omeje, S.I. 2000. Contribution of small ruminants (sheep and goats) to meat supply in Enugu state, Nigeria. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 18: 165–169. The monthly records of various livestock species (cattle, sheep, goat, pig, horse, donkey and dog) slaughtered for meat in Enugu state for a period of 8 years (1988–1995) were used to determine the contribution of small ruminants to meat supply in the State. The contribution made by the small ruminants was lowest (16.13%) in 1991 and highest (24.62%) in 1993 with an average contribution of 20.40±4.02% during the 8 years period of survey. Most small ruminants were slaughtered in the Enugu zone of the state. This study confirms the usefulness of sheep and goats in animal protein supply in the state.


Fluctuations in the Received Signal Strength, caused for example by temporal propagation dynamics or various mobile types, can decrease the positioning accuracy in WLAN-based indoor fingerprinting. In this paper, the effect of an offset between Received Signal Strength values in the training and estimation phases is investigated. Our study is based on a huge measurement campaign that covers in total eight different buildings with several floors each, in two countries. Different offset types and offset values are studied on a large scale, in terms of 3D positioning accuracy and floor detection probability. We will show that biases between -20 dB and +10 dB do not affect the positioning results in a significant way and that such biases could be also tolerated without calibration.


The invention discloses a packing tower type continuous surface fermentation device which comprises a packing tower, a filler material, a plurality of partition boards, an air inlet, an air outlet, a blower, a first recirculation pump, a second recirculation pump, a feed valve, a discharging valve, an outlet valve, an inlet valve, an on-line acidity detecting instrument and a collecting tank. The invention further provides an implementation method of the packing tower type continuous surface fermentation device. According to the invention, the problems of difficulty in protecting the integrity of bacterial fibrous membrane, large occupied area, long fermentation time, high labor intensity, incapability of carrying out favorable fermentation parameter control and continuous automatic production and the like in the conventional surface fermentation technology, and is characterized in that the structure is simple, the operation is easy, the production period is short, the product quality is excellent, raw material supply is convenient, the bacterial fibrous membrane can be kept perfectly, and fermentation liquor is in effective contact with the bacterial fibrous membrane.


To introduce our first-semester physics students to some basic analytic methods, we integrate a bit of history and a unique timing device into our lab. The story is that the Saxons placed a bowl with a hole in its bottom in water and used the time it took the bowl to submerge to limit orations. (A famous Greek prostitute also used such bowls to allocate her customer's time, an example we do not use in class.) We have our students find a relationship between the diameter of the hole and the time till submergence. Though the original Saxon bowls varied both in hole size and bowl size, for simplicity we vary only the size of the hole.


A method for noninvasive determination of fat and water content in the human body is examined. A spatially resolved spectroscopy method is used which can record low intensity near infrared spectra. This novel approach is compared to other methods for the determination of fat and water content. Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in tissue are shown and the production and characterization of optical phantoms of adipose tissue are investigated.


This paper discusses the use of the ORACLE relational database management system to solve data manipulation problems and produce frequency distributions from complex data structures typical of social science statistical data processing applications. First a brief review of relational database technology is presented, followed by a description of ORACLE and its nonprocedural data language, SQL. Then ORACLE solutions are presented for four complex data manipulation problems posed using two different databases. The relational approach, and ORACLE in particular, are especially well suited to the types of data manipulation required by the problems presented; two of the problems can be solved with a single SQL statement.


Background: The incidence of the pneumoconioses in the UK is primarily estimated using occupational-based registries and disability pension schemes. These sources indicate a downward trend in the incidence of the pneumoconioses from 1995 onwards. There are no previously published general population-based observational studies quantifying the incidence of the pneumoconioses in the UK. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the pneumoconioses in the UK general population between 1997 and 2008 using data from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Methods: Data from the UK-based GPRD were used to estimate the incidence of pneumoconioses over a 12-year period (1997–2008). Crude incidence rates for asbestosis and non-asbestos-related pneumoconioses were stratified by gender, age group and calendar period, and rate ratios were adjusted using Poisson regression. Results: The majority of cases was diagnosed with asbestosis, and the overall, crude incidence density for this pneumoconiosis during the 12-year study period was 2.7 (95% confidence interval 2.5–2.9) per 100,000 person-years. The incidence increased progressively during the period 1997–2005 and then decreased slightly during the period 2006–2008, even after controlling for the strong effect of an ageing UK population. The non-asbestos-related pneumoconioses, in contrast to asbestosis, showed a progressive reduction in incidence from 2003 onwards. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the pneumoconioses remain an important public health issue and, furthermore, documents an overall increase in asbestosis incidence in the UK between 1997 and 2008.


∖{0}.The Khintchine–Groshev theorem [7, 10] implies that Bad(m,n) is of mn–dimensionalLebesgue measure zero and a result of Schmidt [11] states that dimBad(m,n) = mn,where dimA denotes the Hausdorff dimension of the set A – see [6] for the definition ofHausdorff dimension.An alternative set to consider is obtained by replacing the distance to the nearestinteger vector Y⋅Y by the usual supremum norm. The Hausdorff dimension of the setBad


Tunnels are underground passages, placed horizontally, which serve to lead the road through them. In order to fulfill its purpose in road traffic, the tunnel must fit into the traffic infrastructure and as such not create an obstacle in movement and enable the movement of vehicles from entrance to exit without danger, but with increased restriction of freedom of lateral evacuation. Tunnels are among some of the most risky parts of the road network, primarily due to space constraints, where there is a possibility of a traffic accident. Managing the risks associated with the passage of road traffic, and in particular the safety of traffic in tunnels, is a serious problem in many countries. With the growing number of road users, it is necessary to adopt stricter standards regarding road tunnels. In addition to meeting these safety standards, factors such as operational requirements, economic efficiency, energy efficiency and state-of-the-art technology should also be taken into account when planning and equipping tunnels.


Balaž I.: The influence of the altitude on somatic characteristics size of common vole (Microtus arvalis) in Slovakia. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 29, No. 2, p. 174–181, 2010. In the article we assess how the altitude influences the somatic characteristics values of Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779). The statistical set consists of 947 adult individuals from various parts of Slovakia (315 localities from 100 to 1500 m a.s.l.). The influence of conditions changes on biom etry of somatic characteristics (body weight, body length, as well as tail, hind foot and ala auris length) was observed in 6 hypsographic levels: planar, hillock, sub-mountainous, mountainous, oreal, subalpine.


The Northwest is a multi-disaster area,in history,there were so many disasters such as drought,flood,hail,frost,earthquakes,wind,landslide,insects,rodents,plague and grain diseases.Because of their different destructive action,ways and focus,these different types of disasters caused different effects in the Northwest area: killing,people and livestock,houses collapsing,poor harvest or harvestless,swallowing villages,even leading to social disorder.The Countermeasures of past dynasties for natural disasters in the Northwest area had accumulated precious experiences for us.


For more than 15 years we have been using free museIe transplantation in the treatment of anal inconti nence in children. This method implies transposition of a striated museIe, usually the palmaris longus, two weeks after denervation, to the perirectal area as a U-sling around the rectum corresponding to the Iocation of the so-called puborectalis museIe. We have now evaluated the long-term results in all 26 children operated on by this methode Before the operation all children were totally incontinent after a pri mary repair. At follow-up after an average of 11 years and 4 months, 60 % of the cases were regarded as good, 16 % as fair, 8 % as improved and 16 % as failures. In our opinion, free museIe transplantation offers a good chance of achieving acceptable continence in a majority of incontinent children.


With the opening of financial market and the ever-increasing competition of banking,it is becoming more and more important to be aware of and raise the market competitiveness of the commercial banks in China.By the Principal Component Analysis,14 listed banks are surveyed,on the basis of the financial data of the year of 2006,2007 and 2008,a comparative study has been made of the differences and advantages and disadvantages among the state-owned and ordinary commercial banks.According to the reasons and the bottleneck of affecting each other's comprehensive competitiveness,the process of interest-rate market reform should be promoted,the property arrangement and organizational structure should be optimized,the strict internal monitoring system and risk management system should be established,specialized and high-quality professionals should be built up the financial input for the study of financial derivative products should be expanded.


Following the decision of the INMARSAT Council to coordinate the pre-operational demonstration of the 1.6 GHz satellite EPIRB system and of IMO's Maritime Safety Committee about the mandatory carriage of a satellite EPIRB, the demonstrations have been ongoing since November 1986. For the demonstration of this important element of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) the system is established in the Atlantic Ocean Region. For the demonstration the Federal Republic of Germany provided 11 EPIRBs free of charge to interested participants. A demonstration coordination group was formed under the chairmanship of INMARSAT. The principal aim of the demonstration is to operate the EPIRB in an operational environment in order to instil confidence in the overall system by testing not only the EPIRB units but also the ground segment. The demonstration programme commenced in November 86 with an L-band satellite EPIRB aboard the German RV Gauss. Installations were subsequently made aboard other ships. The detailed test programme and the final test results of the demonstrations, together with an outlook of the future system development are presented. >


The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potentials of identity-oriented English language teachers' education programs in developing the glocal identity of English language teachers through examining the perspectives of the EFL teacher educators. Given that, the main features of glocal identity teacher education program were obtained by examining their perspectives. These features are addressing reflective pedagogy, bridging the gap between theory and practice, involving English language teachers in action research, and developing English language teachers' critical thinking skills in teacher's education programs.


Charles Taylor has argued that recognition is a vital human need. This essay discusses recognition as a philosophical concept, following a line of argumentation that can be traced back to Hegel's early philosophy. An important premise of this tradition is that because a subject's freedom is conditioned by other subjects, individual agency cannot develop without recognition. Moreover, recognition implies struggle, through which self-realization fulfills the conditions of ethical growth. I will examine the educational implications of these ideas in relation to contemporary social philosophy and pedagogical theory, focusing especially on the potential of the theory of social recognition as a critique of calls for symmetric pedagogy. Using Axel Honneth's work as a reflective surface, I will then draw some conclusions as to how to develop the concept of recognition within the contemporary philosophy of music education.


Outlines a project undertaken by the Defence Research Agency [DRA] to produce a "gas cloud imaging" system based on optical transform image modulation [OTIM]. Describes the military origins of the OTIM technology and the OTIM Remote Gas Detection Technique, including the temporal coherence measurement used in the gas detector. Lists the capabilities and key features of OTIM and explains that the exploitation of the technology for civil applications has been targeted at industrial plant safety and environmental monitoring. Concludes with an outline project plan for developing the OTIM gas cloud‐imaging system.


The maximum tensile reinforcement ratio for ductile behaviour of RC flexural members was limited by 0.75 Pb in the current design code (KBC 2005, KCI 2003). Also KCI 2007 revised the provision for maximum tensile reinforcement as a function of net tensile strain (es=0.005) in the extreme tension bar for tension controlled section. This study is to examine the provisions of design codes for maximum tensile reinforcement ratio and proposed upper limit of tensile strain to insure ductile behaviour of RC flexural members. Tests were performed on full-scale beams with test parameters of e s =0.004 (0.75 Pb recommended by KBC2005), e s =0.005(tension controlled section recommended by KCI 2007) and e s =0.006 net tensile strain of extreme tension bar. Test results indicated that beams with maximum reinforcement ratio provided in current design codes show insufficient ductile behavior. Therefore it was suggested that the tensile strain in extreme tension bar of RC flexural members for ductile behaviour is recommended as more than e s =0.006.


The ammonia and nitrate problems are considered to be detrimental to the sustainability of aquaculture industry in Andhra Pradesh. Thus it is important to
know about the awareness and technical knowledge about the possible symptoms, mitigating measures and quantification of losses. In addition, the
farmers are very much price responsive. The ammonia and nitrite reducing products is a growing market on account of the capital intensive nature of
shrimp farming. There exist many products in the market. It is also important to know about the different competing product, prices, technical support
provided. The market potential for the different ammonia and nitrite reducing products was done in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The data was collected
from districts; East Godavari, West Godavari and Nellore, and 180 respondents were surveyed. The study indicated that the awareness of ammonia is
very high among the group of farmers. They are also of opinion in its detrimental effect on the yield losses. Currently there exist as many 21 products in
the market. The market continues to remain as monopolistic competition with more and more entrants in the market. There exist numerous products, sale
services technical guidance, product promotion programs, incentives and credit availability to insure the brand loyalty of customer. Nevertheless there
exists a scope for new product entry into the market. With more than 45 percent of the customers showing their desire for the replacement of the product
and 73 percent of aspiring for the product with different futures and other services like consultancy farm delivery. Ammonia and nitrate problem in shrimp
farming will continue to occur and based on the effects, perception, awareness visible symptoms as expressed by the different farmers should be taken
into account. The marketing strategy of the new product entry will be based on product development; promotion taking into account of more scientific
validity. The product should be price responsive. Lastly the marketing strategy of the new product should be based on immediate and effective results.


(A) Zaira Dominguez et.al, using coupling reaction, described an efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of 1,4-bis(3,3,3-triphenylpropynyl)-benzene by the reaction of 3,3,3-triphenylpropyne, produced by the reaction of trityl chloride and prop-1-yn-1-yl magnesium bromide, with 1,4 diiodo benzene in the presence of catalyst (Pd(0)-catalyzed). Pd(0) has been applied for coupling reaction of 2.5 equiv of alkyne 1 with 1,4-diiodobenzene in refluxing in piperidine to yield rotors and so on [5]. 293 www.SID.ir Archive of SID


This paper identifies two approaches to how humanity might go about living sustainably, that is, for there to be a sustainable-world, namely; (a) the Reformist-approach, which is the current dominant sustainable-world approach consistent with mainstream sustainable-development, and (b) the Transformational-approach. The concept of socio-ecological-resilience is used to critique these two approaches to consider which is more likely to see the primary sustainable-world goal – the flourishing of life, incorporating human and ecological wellbeing, maintained over an indefinite time frame – achieved. The results suggest that Reformism is challenging to believe as a credible pathway for humanity. Instead, Reformism is shown, in a number of important respects, to undermine the resilience of the socio-ecological-systems on which human and ecological wellbeing depends. A more determined effort to fully implement the Reformist-approach will not solve these problems – the approach is, in a number of key respects, inherently resilience eroding and self-defeating. The Transformational-approach is instead shown to be more consistent with socio-ecological-resilience principles and is, in this respect, a preferred sustainable-world approach for humanity to pursue.


The present invention relates to no-cyanide electroplating technology, and is especially one kind of alkaline electroplating solution additive for replacing sodium cyanide and the preparation processof corresponding no-cyanide electroplating solution. The alkaline electroplating solution additive consists of sodium hydroxide 10-20 weight portions, brilliant blue 1-20 weight portions, impurity resisting additive 15-30 weight portions, saccharin sodium 1-10 weight portions, piperonal 15-20 weight portions, soda 25-50 weight portions, and glycol 5-13 weight portions. The alkaline electroplatingsolution additive is added into electroplating mother solution to replace sodium cyanide, and can result in electroplated product with bright surface, and firmly adhered flat coating.


Pancreatic canceris one of the most aggressive and lethal human cancers, with more than 200, 000 deaths worldwide every year. Despite recent efforts, conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery, classic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biologic therapy and palliative care have only slightly improved patient outcomes. Among the conventional chemotherapies the combination of abraxane (nab-paclitaxel) with gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX (5-FU/leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) with gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients are promising. Among the targeted therapies the combination of gemcitabine, erlotinib and capecitabine are likely to form the base for future treatment. Under biologic or immunotherapy KRAS-targeting vaccines, telomerase-targeting vaccine (GV1001), gastrin-based vaccine, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine alone or combined with lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells and allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting vaccine (GVAX) are well tolerated by patients and could represent a new therapeutic option for pancreatic cancer. Moreover a novel strategy for using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as means of delivering anticancer genes to the site of pancreas is also encouraging. Current and future clinical trials using natural compounds such as vitamin E compound delta-tocotrienol and curcumin in combination with standard chemotherapy are ongoing to discover more effective ways of treating advanced pancreatic cancer.


Corporate Opportunity Doctrine is an important theory in common law countries.It establishes that corporate directors have the duty of not to usurp the opportunities of the corporation they serve for.In order to judge whether a business opportunity is a corporate opportunity, we should take different tests according to different opportunities. There are no embracing-and-embraced relationship between the duty of not to usurp the corporate opportunity and the duty of non-competing with the corporation, actually, they regulate different aspects of directors activities, though some of them often coincide.Thus, in order to protect the corporation from harm caused by its directors, China Company Law should introduce the corporate opportunity doctrine.


The design and implementation of an effective yet affordable Train Protection System should be underpinned by a robust safety assurance methodology. In the UK, once it became clear in the early nineties that the intended British Rail Automatic Train Protection (ATP) was not affordable, a project was undertaken that led to the development of the Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS). TPWS, rather than attempting to provide full protection for all situations, was focused on the statistically highest causes of train accidents n Signals Passed At Danger (SPADrs) and over-speeding. At the same time, the safety culture in the UK rail industry was maturing and the development of the TPWS product was one of the early projects to travel through the industryrs lYellow Bookr safety proving process. Very similar processes are now contained in European standards which at first sight may appear to provide projects with a daunting set of onerous requirements which threaten to result in extended project timescales and increase project cost significantly. The temptations with safety systems in the rail environment is to demand excessive safety integrity levels n often those of the primary signalling system for everything connected with train control. Whilst this produces system safety requirements which are easily defendable it often leads to overly engineered and unaffordable systems which are not implemented and therefore fail to deliver the primary intention, a safer railway. The TPWS project demonstrated that it is possible to deliver an affordable product implementation developed using the now almost universally recognised safety proving processes applied in an appropriate way. This enabled cost-effective yet robust development and proving and demonstrated that the application of such standards need not add an excessive overhead to the development life cycle. After all, unless implemented, safety systems provide no safety benefit at all. Today TPWS is a testament to the success of the lYellow Bookr process and is a clear demonstration that lsafe enoughr can be appropriate in a rail environment. The benefits of TPWS in preventing and mitigating serious accidents can clearly be seen from publicly available reports. It is also clear that delay in implementation of the system would have probably resulted in further loss of life on the UK railway. This paper describes the practical application of the processes used; the issues faced and tips for success. It uses the UK experience to provide recommendations for others faced with the challenge of implementing world-class safety standards on an existing rail network.


Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are made of processed chromatin bound to granular and selected cytoplasmic proteins. NETs are released by white blood cells called neutrophils, maybe as a last resort, to control microbial infections. This release of chromatin is the result of a unique form of cell death, dubbed "NETosis." Here we review our understanding of how NETs are made, their function in infections and as danger signals, and their emerging importance in autoimmunity and coagulation.