The pursuit of environmental benefits is where product packaging should direct its value attention to.However,packaging designers tend to attach importance only to the economic benefits of business and neglect the damage a certain design does to the ecological environment.It is particularly essential to realize the unification of economic benefits and environmental benefits of product packaging against the background of building an environment-friendly and resource-saving society.


In rare cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome, nodular lesions of liver due to infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes has been described. In such cases, a computed tomography of the abdomen could mimic a metastasizing disease while a spontaneous regression of the lesions can be expected. We will present such a case and discuss how this misdiagnosis can be avoided.


Introduction. Existing market, regulatory, organizational and economic mechanisms do not cope with the urgent tasks in the housing sphere of Russia. Inaccessibility of housing purchase and mortgage lending for a large part of the population leads to the need to seek other forms of solving the housing problem, in particular, to realize this need by renting housing. The article is devoted to one of the socio-economic objectives of national development — the formation of a civilized market of non-commercial rental housing.

Materials and methods. The method of sociological survey used for students studying in Moscow allowed us to obtain the opinion of people who will stay to work in this region in the future. To determine the parameters of the sociological survey, the study used the basic principles of the quota sampling method with interrelated parameters. When processing the obtained information, the well-known methods of culling the results of the survey, the analysis of linear distributions, correlation analysis were used. Tables, pie charts and histograms were used to visualize the results of the obtained data, which allow making a comparative analysis.

Results. In order to conduct a sociological survey, the research program presented in the article was developed. The authors studied the ranked list of consumers of the residential real estate rental market. The assessment of the segments of social and non-commercial rental housing and the prospects for their development is presented. Among the consumers the authors have reasonably singled out young professionals and characterized this group from the position of potential demand on the market of non-commercial rental housing. The authors identified the socio-economic problem and determined the direction of the study — the consideration of future university graduates as potential consumers of rental housing. In addition, the study allowed the authors to identify the directions of formation of a civilized housing rental market, in particular, the prospects of state regulation.

Conclusions. As a result of the study the availability and options for future graduates to realize the need for housing, the characteristics of the potential demand of future graduates for non-profit housing rental were investigated. The generalization of the results allowed the authors to identify the main directions of development of the market of non-commercial rental housing.


The ESO 40-mm electronographic McMullan camera was delivered for general use at the 3.6-m telescope in April 1980 and has been used since then at regular intervals. A description of the camera, which can be mounted on both triplet correctors of the 3.6-m telescope, has been given in the Messenger No. 17.


The strain state of Si1‐xGex/SiO2 dummy structures on FDSOI wafers is non‐destructively characterized by HRXRD reciprocal space mapping. A transition from biaxial to uniaxial strain is detected on narrow condensed Si1‐xGex lines with shallow trench isolation (STI), revealing an increasing in‐plane elastic strain relaxation perpendicular to the trenches with decreasing line width, but no strain relaxation parallel to the trenches. The degree of crystallinity of Si1‐xGex lines degrades with increasing annealing temperature and time. An additional elastic strain reduction appears in the direction parallel to the STI trenches after deposition of source‐drain Si1‐yGey islands between dummy gates. The separation of the Si1‐xGex peaks from Si1‐yGey remains unresolved if x and y are close to each other.


T HE production of range livestock is one of the important but lesser-known industries of British Columbia, a province better known for such products as timber, minerals and fish. In the interior section of the province, ranching constitutes a major form of land use and permits stable settlement of large areas which cannot support more intensive forms of agriculture. The population of beef cattle and sheep, most of them on the range areas, was 272,000 and 106,000 respectively in 1952. This livestock population constitutes an important source of livestock products, but does not meet the total needs of the province, and considerable amounts are imported annually from the Canadian plains region.


The availability of the scanning electron microscope in revealing fine details of the Surface morphology of cells and tissues has been already established. Recently, scanning electron microscopic studies of nervous tissue have been reported on the chick spinal cord, cilia in the brain, isolated nerve fibers.However, all of these studies have treated with the surface morphology of cells and tissues, and there have been no studies performed on the inner structure, as far as is know.In the present study on the anterior horn cells, the neuroglia cells and the mylinated nerve fibers of the spinal cord as observed with the scanning electron microscope, the author attempted not only to reveal the surface morphology of cells and tissues but also their interior structure, making use of Tanaka's freezed resin cracking method.Small cubes cut from the spinal cord of the rabbit were fixed and dehydrated, and embedded in gelatin capsules filled with Cemedine 1500. The Cemedine was hardened at-30°C and the capsules were cracked in two pieces. The cracked surface of the specimen was observed under the scanning electron microscope with following results:1. In the cytoplasm of the anterior horn cell the Nissl bodies were observed like specks. The Nissl bodies were denser than the cytoplasm surrounding them and contained numerous granules (about 400 A in diameter) and membranous structures oriented parallel to each other. In the cytoplasm corresponding to the Golgi regions many vesicles and cisternal and membranous structures could be seen. On the surface of nerve cell bodies small swollen terminations of axons, which seemed to be end-bulbs, were observed.2. The membranes consisting of myelin sheaths, which surrounded the axon as a whirlpool, were observed in three dimensions. The myelin sheath sometimes emerged thinner processes which could be considered to be the cytoplasmic processes of the neurogia cell.3. The cilia covering the ependymal cells of the central canal were fairly uniform in number (12-15) from cell to cell, and were arranged in a tuft for each cell. The surface was also rich in microvilli which formed various shapes.


We identify a process in which we can control the behavior of an atomic medium to switch between transparent and enhanced-absorption at multiple frequencies. The process relies on the quantum interference between multiple dark states, which can be constructive or destructive at different frequencies and can be altered dramatically by changing the phase difference between the two circularly polarized components of a single coherent field. This phase-controlled switching behavior is obtainable without altering the powers or frequency detunings of the beams. We demonstrate the process experimentally by using two coherent fields and atomic rubidium vapor. Such selective switching between multiple frequency channels could also have applications in optical communication and quantum information processing.


A complete model for the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is presented. The model includes the transconductance frequency response, the input bias current to output current transfer function, as well as the dependence of both input and output impedances on input bias current. This model is suitable for being included in complex simulation macromodels or for use in analytical calculations. Simulation results and comparisons are also presented.


A review on evolution, function, character and performance of some extra vehicular activity maneuvering units in aboard is presented in this paper, and a comparative analysis of these units is conducted. Finally, it is believed that the small packsack jet reaction unit like SAFER is the most suitable astronaut maneuvering and rescue unit for China application in the future.


An approach for studying quasi-cyclic codes based on matrix transformations via Fourier transforms and row and column permutations is presented. These transformations put a parity-check matrix in the form of an array of circulant matrices into a diagonal array of matrices of the same size over an extension field. The approach is used to characterize certain structural properties of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes such as the girths of their Tanner graphs. Many constructions of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes can be unified under the proposed approach.


ABSTRACT The majority of Botswana's population use a wide range of savanna products for food, fodder, medicine, fuel, building, utensils and income. The poorest households in both rural and urban areas, are most reliant on their consumption and trade. This study sought an holistic insight into practices and policies jeopardizing the sustainable utilization of these products. A comparative review of literature and information gleaned from key informants revealed that the basket making industry around Maun has already threatened the sustainability of Hyphaene petersiana, Berchemia discolor and Euclea divinorum. Overharvesting of Harpagophytum spp., 'Khalimela' and 'Lulula' for traditional medicinal trade purposes poses a significant threat to their sustainability. Damage caused by Phane poachers poses a significant threat to Colophospermum mopane. Bush encroachment has become increasingly prevalent over vast tracts of Botswana's savannas. While it reduces the potential range and supply of savanna products in the particular areas where it is taking place, it does not exert a significant detrimental influence on these products over larger spatial and temporal scales. The most widespread threat to the sustainability of savanna products nationally is too frequent fires. In the southeast portion of the country the sustainability of savanna products is threatened by a combination of overgrazing, excessive fuel wood harvesting, clearance for cultivation and expansion of infrastructure. In the northeast damage by an overpopulation of elephants poses the most severe threat. Despite the increasing demand for savanna products and the large number of factors serving to decrease their range and availability, their potential supply at the national level is far greater than the demand for them. The employment opportunities created by disparities in the spatial distribution of supply and demand are already playing a significant role in national poverty alleviation. The campaign to reduce the frequency of veld fires, the redundancy of the requirement to clear land to avoid forfeiture, the removal of subsidies to commercial beef farmers, and the provision for local communities to have increased responsibility for managing and access to forest resources in the New Forest Policy and the pending associated legislation may well counterbalance the magnitude of these threats in the future.


Emotions are associated with many areas of human life. They affect reception the reality, determine attitudes and judgment. The conducted study verified whether emotions (positive or negative) affect an interpersonal distance. 40 people took part in that study: 22 women and 18 men between the ages of 20 and 51 (M = 25 SD = 7.48). Analysis of the correlation between emotion and conversational distance showed a difference in the limit of statistical significance (t (38) =1.92; p = 0.06).
It means that people who were induced by negative emotions could keep larger conversational distance (M1 = 64.7) than those who were induced by positive emotions (M2 = 54.2). In the case of positive emotions and minimal distance, the correlation analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups (U = 166.00; p = 0.36). There is also a link found between aroused emotions and emotions occurring while getting closer to each other, judgment of a neutral person and attitude towards her.


2-Aminobenzoate is an intermediate in many catabolic pathways. More specificaIly, biodegradation oftryptophan, indole acetic acid, and indole alkaloids yields 2aminobenzoate as a common intermediate. Under aerobic conditions 2aminobenzoate is further degraded via gentisate or catechol [1]. Rather recently, a novel pathway of2-aminobenzoate metabolism has been elucidated. It has been shown in the eubacterium Azoarcus evansii that 2aminobenzoate and coenzyme Aare converted into 2-aminobenzoyl CoA by the catalytic action of a specific ligase [2]. 2-Aminobenzoyl CoA can then serve as substrate of a monoxygenase/reductase [3-6]. More specifically, the flavoprotein 2aminobenzoyl CoA monooxygenase/reductase (ACMR) catalyzes the dearomatization of2-aminobenzoyl CoA in a NADHand Oz-dependent reaction by a hitherto unknown mechanism. The enzyme is a dimer comprising two 85 kDa polypeptide chains and contains one FAO per subunit. Based on earlier studies, ACMR contains two domains (a monooxygenase and a reductase site) each containing one FAO molecule [3-5]. In this study, the structure of the enzyme product and the mechanism of its formation are analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. .."


From April 10th through November 4th, 2018, the Mobilier national in Paris celebrated the last 100 years of French tapestry weaving in an exhibition that included the finest textiles after some of the very best known 20th-century artists. "Au fil du siècle, 1918 2018, Masterpieces of the tapestry "highlighted an illustrious group of artworks at the Manufactures of Gobelins, Beauvais, Savonnerie and Aubusson after the designs by Anquetin, Denis, Serriere, Beaume, Cappiello, Bracquemond, Lurcat, Gromaire, Matisse, Picasso, Miró, Le Corbusier, Delaunay, Dufy, Derain, Hartung, Zao Wou-Ki, Vasarely, Morellet, and Bourgeois.


It was made considerations about some fundamental concepts of Cibernetics and Informatics and its historical evolution. Besides that it is shown the way Informatics can by applied in the Health Sector and its real situation in Brazil.


Chloroxine (5,7‐dichloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) is a molecule utilized in some shampoos for the therapy of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and dandruff. In this study, we investigated the inhibition effects of 5,7‐dichloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate compounds on the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme‐A (HMG‐CoA Reductase) and urease enzymes. We have obtained results for the HMG‐CoA Reductase and urease enzymes at the micromolar level. In our study, inhibition result of 5,7‐dichloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and Methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate on HMG‐CoA reductase showed lower values 2.28 ± 0.78 and 33.25 ± 5.04 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, inhibition result of 5,7‐dichloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate on urease showed lower values 6.18 ± 1.38 and 8.51 ± 1.35 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking calculations were made for their biological activities were compared. In the present work, the structures of the related compounds (1 and 2) were drawn using Gaussian 09 software and done geometry optimization at DFT/B3LYP/6‐31G* basis set with aforementioned program. Cytotoxicity potential of these compounds against human lung cancer demonstrated that these compounds had good cytotoxic effects. Both compounds significantly decreased lung cell viability from low doses. In addition, 100 µM dose of all compounds caused significant reductions in lung cell viability. In general, we can say that of the two tested compounds, 5,7‐dichloro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and methyl 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoate have cytotoxic effects in all cell types, and this effect is particularly strong in lung cells. Activities were performed at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 µl and we achieved good results. Lung cell viability (%) value was better at 100 µl concentration and IC50 of them were 54.28 and 48.05 µM.


Inspired by Gauss-Newton-like methods, we study the benefit of leveraging the structure of deep learning objectives, namely, the composition of a convex loss function and of a nonlinear network, in order to derive better direction oracles than stochastic gradients, based on the idea of partial linearization. In a departure from previous works, we propose to compute such direction oracles via their dual formulation, leading to both computational benefits and new insights. We demonstrate that the resulting oracles define descent directions that can be used as a drop-in replacement for stochastic gradients, in existing optimization algorithms. We empirically study the advantage of using the dual formulation as well as the computational trade-offs involved in the computation of such oracles.


Drosophila melanogaster follicle cells over‐replicate the chromosomal domain containing the third chromosome chorion gene cluster. Multiple regions of this cluster are needed in cis for attainment of high levels of amplification. We have confirmed the importance of the proposed amplification control element (ACE3) and demonstrated that it can support low levels of follicular amplification in the absence of other elements, but that it lacks detectable activity as a DNA replication origin. We have also demonstrated the existence of additional amplification‐enhancing regions (AERs), by analyzing the amplification levels of a series of in situ induced, nested deletions of the chorion cluster. These deletions were induced by P‐transposase perturbation of a chorion transposon in a highly amplifying transformed line, and were not accompanied by re‐transposition, making possible a quantitative analysis of amplification levels in the absence of chromosomal position effects. Analysis of endogenous replication intermediates in wild‐type follicular DNA suggested that at least one of the AERs may be an origin of replication and that amplification uses at least one additional replication origin.


The generalized Hamilton system and the gradient system are two different important dynamical systems. The relation between the two systems is studied. The generalized Hamilton system is a generalization of the Hamilton system. A Birkhoff system can become a generalized Hamilton system under some conditions. The gradient system and its application are given. The relation of the two systems is obtained. Some examples are given to illustrate the application of the result.


The effort to design and model a constant power load for the HST (Hubble Space Telescope) nickel-hydrogen battery tests is described. The constant power load was designed for three different simulations on the batteries: life cycling, reconditioning, and capacity testing. A dc-dc boost converter was designed to act as this constant power load. A boost converter design was chosen because of the low test battery voltage (4 to 6 VDC) generated and the relatively high power requirement of 60 to 70 W. The SPICE model was shown to consistently predict variations in the actual circuit as various designs were attempted. It is concluded that the confidence established in the SPICE model of the constant power load ensures its extensive utilization in future efforts to improve performance in the actual load circuit.


Interactions among available energy, water dynamics, and nutrients are clearly critical to defining ecosystem function. The linkage between water and carbon dioxide exchanges in the plant and atmosphere continuum is at the heart of this dynamic. In forested systems, a strong relationship between carbon uptake and transpiration is understood to be a function of available energy and aerodynamic and canopy conductances. Holistically linking ecosystem properties to stand development and selection of community composition has long been a topic of theoretical discussion. However, few mechanistic means exist to assess these relationships. This, in turn, challenges the ability to characterize forest response to anthropogenic or natural variability, as such analyses require robust quantitative models.


This article will describe an evolving relationship between a university-based research group and a regional First Nations political organization. In 1995, the Canadian government proposed to develop a National Longitudinal Aboriginal Health Survey. The authors have been involved in shaping this initiative, representing different perspectives in ensuring that First Nations' priorities are central to the process. Issues that have arisen include the politics of research, culture-based approaches to research ethics and methodology, and capacity-building as a primary objective. This article will also comment on the challenges that new research relationships pose to traditional accountability structures in university research environments. This article examines this initiative from a critical perspective, suggesting that traditional systems of public health surveillance are dangerous to the aspirations of marginalized communities.


In this article, I offer an ecocritical approach to video games that can help analyze how game designers can use choice-based game mechanics to offer audiences a way to confront humanity's role in the climate crisis. I Was a Teenage Exocolonist seamlessly integrates gameplay and narrative to help players cultivate new understandings about the anthropocene: "It takes little effort to render a planet inhospitable, but significant dedication to restore it" (Exocolonist, Age 13).


The most useful materials to come out of the institutional testing experience so far are the annual reports describing the California State University and Colleges (CSUC) English Equivalency Examination.' Although they detail the administration of a program for granting credit for freshman composition to students who have not taken the course, the procedures for evaluation can be applied to placement or proficiency testing at any level of competence. Because we think the reports can serve as valuable working papers for teachers and administrators charged with the responsibility of developing programs for evaluating writing, we are reprinting parts of them here. As space does not permit us to reprint all the material we consider valuable, we must refer our readers to the reports themselves to gain a full appreciation of the care taken in constructing this program. With a rich source to select from, we have chosen to present material which can serve as a guide to the art of essay testdesign. 2 What follow are remarks on essay testing made by Edward M. White at the 1976 MLA


MicroRNAs are short non‐coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by translational repression. Because of their high stability in intracellular as well as extracellular environments, miRNAs have recently emerged as important biomarkers in several human diseases. However, they have not been tested in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV‐1 positive individuals. Here, we present results of a study aimed at determining the feasibility of detecting miRNAs in the CSF of HIV‐infected individuals with and without encephalitis (HIVE). We also evaluated similarities and differences between CSF and brain tissue miRNAs in the same clinical setting. We utilized a high throughput approach of miRNA detection arrays and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in the frontal cortex of three cases each of HIV+, HIVE, and HIV− controls, and CSF of 10 HIV‐positive and 10 HIV‐negative individuals. For the CSF samples, the group of HIV+ individuals contained nine cases of HIV‐associated neurological disorders (HAND) and, among those, four had HIVE. All the HIV‐negative samples had non‐viral acute disseminate encephalomyelitis. A total of 66 miRNAs were found differentially regulated in HIV+ compared to HIV− groups. The greatest difference in miRNA expression was observed when four cases of HIVE were compared to five non‐HIVE cases, previously normalized with the HIV‐negative group. After statistical analyses, 11 miRNAs were fund significantly up‐regulated in HIVE. Although more clinical samples should be examined, this work represents the first report of CSF miRNAs in HIV‐infection and offers the basis for future investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Identifying disease-related microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial to understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases. However, existing computational methods are facing a few dilemmas such as lacking "negative samples" (i.e. confirmed unrelated miRNA-disease pairs). In this study, we proposed LRMCMDA, a low-rank matrix completion-based method to predict miRNA-disease associations. LRMCMDA firstly constructs a bipartite miRNA-disease graph from known associations and defines its R-projected miRNA graph, in which two miRNAs are connected if they are adjacent to the same disease in the bipartite graph. Similarly, we can define its D-projected disease graph. It then infers negative samples by assuming that connecting an unrelated miRNA-disease pair in the bipartite graph will change its R-projected miRNA graph and D-projected disease graph. Providing with both known miRNA-disease associations and negative samples, LRMCMDA infers associations between all miRNAs and diseases using a low-rank matrix completion model, in which miRNA similarity and disease similarity are incorporated into regularization terms. The assumption is that similar miRNAs will associate with similar diseases and vice versa. We compared LRMCMDA with a few state-of-the-art algorithms on several established miRNA-disease databases. LRMCMDA achieves an AUC of 0.8882 on the 5-fold cross-validation, significantly outperforming canonical methods when predicting miRNA-disease associations, and associating miRNAs with isolated diseases. The experimental results demonstrate that LRMCMDA effectively infers novel miRNA-disease associations. In addition, the case studies on cancers have further proven that LRMCMDA is useful in identifying potential cancer-associated miRNAs for experimental validation.


C-type cab warning apparatus was tested with respect to the coupled operation of engine equipments with wayside equipments on Japan-sea coast main lines between Maibara-Aomori Section, 1957. Dynamic and static characteristics were tested to find the sensitivity for high speed train running and for various conditions of wayside equipment. As a result of this test, the prospects of practically using the apparatus are good in view of its satisfactory working except in case of diesel car having electromagnetic valves which may cause some errors.


Fighting over parking spaces is certainly a familiar thing to hear because it happens very often in the city of Palembang, especially in the Sekkan area. Usually, phenomena like this occur due to clashing views, high levels of egoism, group fanaticism, lack of openness and, most importantly, lack of communication between parking attendants. The aim of this research is to find out how conflicts over parking spaces in childhood trigger clashes between the transportation service and a number of groups. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research, namely research that aims to describe or examine systematically, factually and accurately the facts, characteristics and relationships between the phenomena being investigated from the research object. The results of this research show that there is a conflict between parking attendants and the transportation service where there is a conflict over land which encourages cooperation between parking attendants. Other causal factors include economic needs, low education, social jealousy, lack of parking space, encouragement to usurp rights, and lack of attention from the government in parking management.


FOR its possibility of revascularizing an ischemicmyocardium through collaterals, production of pericardial splenosis was attempted in a series of dogs by autotransplantation of fragmented splenic tissue into the pericardial sac. Pericardial splenosis occurred in every instance and by 6 months was extensive and associated with diffuse pericardial adhesions interposed with splenotic tissue. Coronary arterial injection studies showed the splenosis to be in vascular continuity and, hence, the possibility of its functioning as a collateral supply to the coronaries. The profuse vascularity of splenic tissue, the relative simplicity of production of pericardial splenosis, and its demonstrated vascular continuity with the coronary arteries without need of epicardiectomy would appear to make pericardial splenosis a possible and practical procedure. Splenosis occurs in humans after an interval after splenectomy for ruptured spleen. The peritoneal surfaces are seeded with fragments of tissue torn from the spleen at the time of rupture and distributed by the


In light of pile bearing capacity in the modern highway and railway bridge foundation and foundation design norms,it discusses the theoretical features and design of rock-socketed pile,so as to reduce the depth of rock-socketed pile,which has significance for engineering construction saving cost and shortening construction duration.


The application of wind energy develops much more rapidly than the other renewable resources in the 21st century. It becomes the third core energy resources following oil and chemical fuels. China is rich in wind energy resources. Although there is still a lag between China and the developed countries on the usage of wind energy, the wind power industry in China is now in a new developing period. There are good prospects to develop the wind power generation in China in the future. The paper provided an overview of the current status and the future development of the wind power in China. It detailed the regional distribution of wind energy resources and wind power plants, the capacity of the wind power plants, the problems in the wind power generation development in China, and the possible solutions to the current problems.


Abstract Objectives The authors report the results of surveys on the emergency transport or evacuation status of obstetric patients conducted in Miyagi prefecture, one of the major disaster areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Methods The surveys examined the damages to maternity institutions, evacuation status and transport of pregnant women, and prehospital childbirths and were conducted in 50 maternity institutions and 12 fire departments in Miyagi. Results Two coastal institutions were destroyed completely, and four institutions were destroyed partially by the tsunami, forcing them to stop medical services. In the two-month period after the disaster, 217 pregnant women received hospital transport or gave birth after evacuation. Satisfactory perinatal outcomes were maintained. Emergency obstetric transport increased to approximately 1.4 fold the number before the disaster. Twenty-three women had prehospital childbirths, indicating a marked increase to approximately three times the number of the previous year. Conclusion In the acute phase of the tsunami disaster, maternity institutions were damaged severely and perinatal transport was not possible; as a result, pregnant women inevitably gave birth in unplanned institutions, and the number of prehospital births was increased extremely. To obtain satisfactory obstetric outcomes, it is necessary to construct a future disaster management system and to re-recognize pregnant women as people with special needs in disaster situations. SugawaraJ, HoshiaiT, SatoK, TokunagaH, NishigoriH, AraiT, OkamuraK, YaegashiN. Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on regional obstetrical care in Miyagi Prefecture. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):255– 258.


Received Jul 12, 2022 Revised Oct 8, 2022 Accepted Oct 18, 2022 Variations in perspective, illumination, occlusion, motion blur, and weatherworn degeneration of signs could all be crucial in identifying road signs. The goal of this work is to evaluate the technique's performance for image processing in detecting and recognizing triangle sign, as well as determine the optimum threshold value range for doing so. Cascade object detector and speed up robust features (SURF) are tested here to detect and recognize the triangle sign through Palestine and Al-Rubaie streets during daytime in Baghdad city. Results showed the effectiveness of cascade object detector over SURF in detecting triangle sign with precision lies in the range (0.98-0.9) and (0.54-0.46) for cascade and SURF techniques respectively. At Final, the highest precision was recorded at fifteen and twenty-five threshold values for cascade and SURF approaches respectively.


When news broke in 2011 that NewSouth Books was set to publish an edited edition of both The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn without the n-word, I, like many others, was skeptical and even critical. My then-students and I discussed it, reading some of the essays that appeared in the New York Times and forming all of our opinions without actually setting eyes on these new editions. I was sure I knew my mind about the matter, and, obviously, that I was right in turning up my nose at the controlled censorship being exercised, and even promoted, by NewSouth. Surely, I thought, no one would accept a twenty-first century bowdlerization of Mark Twain-certainly not a scholar or teacher who took issues of censorship seriously or any of the many traditionalists who remained loyal to the canon. With that chip on my shoulder and my cynicism firmly in place, I attended the 2013 International Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies and looked forward to Dr. Alan Gribben's presentation about his work in bringing the NewSouth editions into print. After reading his abstract in the conference program, I planned to go and listen and then speak on behalf of high school teachers everywhere (sure, they had not asked me to do so, but how could they object to such an excited representative?), letting Dr. Gribben and all in the room know just why teachers need the true Huckleberry Finn (not to be confused with John Seelye's The True Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) and not some impostor version that changes Clemens's diction and imposes a supposedly "Politically Correct" mindset upon a classic of American letters.However, a funny thing happened on the way through Elmira. I sat and listened to Dr. Gribben as he relived the history of these new editions, and I realized that much of what he said about the teaching of Mark Twain's novels was absolutely right. While I had sat down prepared to challenge his assertions, for I definitely felt I knew just what was accurate about the high school classroom, I realized as I sat through his presentation that the novel had been dropped and marginalized by many (and by many colleagues of mine). Instead, Dr. Gribben helped me see some facts about my own history with the novel, and he, it would turn out later, played a significant role in my future teaching of the text.(As readers will note, my focus is on the NewSouth version of Huckleberry Finn and not Tom Sawyer. Though the two books are inextricably linked, they are seldom taught in tandem, and my teaching experience has been limited to teaching Huck. Also, a review of the controversy surrounding the publication shows only passing references to the changes made in Tom, even though Dr. Gribben made clear multiple times that he had encountered teachers who had dropped teaching Tom Sawyer because of its language, and these adapted editions were created to meet needs for teachers and readers of both works.)In his presentation, Dr. Gribben expressed a clearly genuine concern that the controversy around Huck Finn and its use of racist terms and epithets was already beginning to undermine the novel's status as a book to be taught. When I first heard this concern, it sounded false to me. After all, I personally had never let that language dissuade my teaching plans, and, over several years and different classes in which I had taught the adventures of Huck and Jim, I had never had a parent challenge the book. Therefore I concluded all too quickly that this was a publishing move, one designed to generate interest and perhaps not based on a genuine issue. However, as I listened to the history of the NewSouth editions, the full extent of my teaching history with the book began to dawn on me. Although I have taught Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as part of the "standard" high school curriculum, placing it, per tradition, as a novel in the American survey course, I have also taught it because it was not being taught by my colleagues. …


On the basis ofanalyzingthe current situation and problems of grain circulation tracing technlogies,the paper discusses the key technlogies,equipment and applications of grain circulation dynamic tracing and proposes how to build up grain circulation tracing system.


This review attempts to show that in studies of the autokinetic illusion, if the interdependence of theories and measurement methods is considered first, a systematic account becomes possible. It recommends measures based on direction reports because they describe a theoretically significant, unambiguous, immediately apparent aspect of the apparent movement. Two new techniques based on this analysis are also described. The views developed are then applied to a review of experimental studies of the autokinetic illusion. Each type of independent variable is separately considered. The status of the three main current theories—outflow, eye movement, and sensory tonic—is related to this research as well as to other studies of the oculomotor system. The most fruitful areas for future research are indicated. Previous reviews of the autokinetic illusion (AKI) (Adams, 1912; Crone & Verduyn Lunel, 1969; Reinwald, 19S2; Royce, Carran, Aftanas, Lehman, & Blumenthal, 1966) do not resolve the AKI's peculiar measurement problems; therefore, this review first analyzes current AKI theories and measures. From the theoretical account it becomes clear that direction reports are the only measures on which theoretically relevant, unambiguous measures can be based. Two new measures, developed by the author (Levy, 1968), which permit a greater degree of precision, also are introduced. Relevant experiments based on various measures, systematically related by the independent variables used, are then compared, and the theoretical significance of the results indicated. Earlier theories are mentioned, and residual theoretical problems are discussed.


Examination of β,β′-dibromoethers formed when bromine is added to alkene–epoxide mixtures in pentane at –78 °C revealed that opening of the bromonium ion and the epoxide occurs under high stereochemical control, whilst approach of the epoxide and the bromonium ion is subject to lower or no stereochemical control.


Using maltodextrin(MD),soy protion isolate(SPI)as wall material,superborderline propolis and perilla frutescens as core material,the best water soluble oil solution prescription was obtained,using freeze-drying method preparation microcapsule power.The results indicated that:the best prescription of propolis and perilla frutescens microcapsulation was SPI:MD=1.5:1;core material:wall material=2.5:1;inlet concentration=15%;using amount of stabilizing agent 5g/L.The technological parameter to prepare microcapsule power was emulsification temperature 60℃,homogeneity time 6min,homogeneity speed 4000r/min.Using this method,we got microcapsule power,which had the porosity texture.The embed rate of the microcapsule was 67.63%.


Combustion processes are essential for power generation, since an overwhelming majority of energy-producing devices rely on the combustion of fossil or renewable fuels. Thus the development of a combustion technology able to accomplish improvement of efficiency with reduction of pollutant emissions, such as NOx, is a main concern. MILD combustion is one of the promising techniques proposed to achieve these goals. In this combustion regime the reactants are preheated above the self-ignition temperature and enough inert combustion products are entrained in the reaction region. As a result, the characteristic times of chemical kinetics and turbulent mixing are comparable and the combustion region is no longer identifiable in a flame front but extended over a wide region, so that MILD combustion is often denoted as flameless combustion. Importantly, pollutants emissions can easily reduce because of the small temperature difference between burnt and unburnt and of the lean conditions in the combustion chamber. In this work Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a Hydrogen/Air burner operating in the MILD combustion regime is performed. Turbulent mixing controls most of the global flame properties, so computing large scale structures by means of LES is an important key to capture mixing properties. The filtered mass, momentum, energy and species equations are discretized with a 2nd order accurate central finite difference scheme over a cylindrical non-uniform grid. Unclosed terms due to subgrid-scales are modeled using a fractal model approach (FM). Radiant transfer of energy is taken into account. The predictions of temperature and pollutant formation are compared with available experimental results.


INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immunemediated disorder of the central nervous system. A novel coronavirus, namely SARSCoV-2, has been recently responsible for the highly infectious disease referred as COVID19, rapidly spreading all over the world. Many vaccines have been developed to control COVID-19 pandemic, including the mRNA vaccines Pfizer/ BioNTech (BNT162b2) and Moderna (mRNA1273). The vaccination of people with MS (pwMS) has been recommended by several national and international MS societies. However, effectiveness and safety of antiCOVID-19 mRNA vaccines in MS need to be confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shortterm risk of clinical relapses in pwMS in the 2 months after the first administration of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in internal combustion engines with exhaust gas recycling. Proposed device is intended for ICEs, particularly, diesels. Diesel has intake manifold 10, exhaust manifold 11, intake and exhaust lines 2 and 3, first and second offgas recycling paths, turbo supercharger air cooler 20 is arranged upstream of intake manifold 10 and downstream of offgas second path 60. Turbo supercharger 4 incorporates compressor 40 fitted in intake lone 2 and turbine 41 arranged in exhaust line 3. There are control means 52, 62, 63 to control offgas flow rate and to distribute its between said first and second paths. Besides, this device comprises temperature transducer to measure turbo supercharger outlet gas temperature. Invention discloses also the compressor and air cooler protector, ICE and control device. EFFECT: efficient protection against mechanical stresses caused by high temperature and fuel cracking. 11 cl, 1 dwg


Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) has been demonstrated to be a very effective mechanism to deal with key voltage-quality disturbances. Although the dynamic response requirement for voltage sag could be satisfied with a feedforward control strategy, the steady-state requirement and zero-error tracking need an advanced feedback control strategy. This paper proposes a fast repetitive controller based feedback control strategy for DVR system. In the control system, the feedforward control loop could meet the dynamic requirement; the repetitive controller based feedback control loop could realize zero steady-state error tracking for fundamental voltage and harmonic components. The fast repetitive controller: 1) could eliminate all odd signals (including fundamental component); 2) could be simply implemented in digital signal processors just with a time delay loop; 3) has fast dynamic response when compared with traditional repetitive controller as its delay time is reduced to half of traditional's. This paper also chooses the small gain theorem for control system analysis and parameters design. The simulation on MATLAB/simulink also demonstrates the validity and superiority of proposed control strategy.


The ethyl carbamate in wine was determined by gas chromatography/Mass Selective Detector(GC/MS)using n-propyl carbamate as the internal standard.Samples were firstly extracted by Gerstel Multi-Purpose Sampler(MPS)and Headspace solid-phase microextraction(SPME).The optimal parameters were obtained by orthogonal design and single factor method as followed:extraction temperature 80℃,extraction time 30 min, natural pH and 3.5 g NaCl in 10 ml wine.The method was proved to be comparatively accurate.


Report by Rick Body , Specialist Registrar in Emergency Medicine

Checked by Craig Ferguson , Specialist Registrar in Emergency Medicine

Institution: Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK

In [stable adult patients with acute pericarditis] does [measurement of cardiac troponins] enable [accurate prediction of complications and facilitate hospital discharge]?

View this table:

Table 1 Relevant papers

A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) with central sharp chest pain that is eased by sitting forward. ECG shows widespread saddle-shaped ST elevation consistent with acute pericarditis.

The patient is clinically stable with normal heart rate and blood pressure and no signs of left ventricular failure. You wonder whether …


This article proposes a method for crack identification using a wavelet-based neural network (NN; wave-net). The input data for the wave-net training are both global and local in-plane vibrational parameters of beam-like structures. In this study, the vibrational parameters of intact and damaged beams are obtained using the finite element method. Different cracks are introduced in the span of the beam with different locations and depths to obtain necessary data for training NN. The identification results are compared with those of some convectional NNs including radial basis function and multilayer perceptron ones. Results show good accuracy and efficiency of the proposed NN method.


Abstract For a given vector measure n, an important problem, but in practice a difficult one, is to give a concrete description of the dual space of L1(n). In this note such a description is presented for an important class of measures n, namely the spectral measures (in the sense of N. Dunford) and certain other vector and operator-valued measures that they naturally induce. The basic idea is to represent the L1-spaces of such measures as a more familiar space whose dual space is known.


Introduction: After Yugoslavia - identities and politics in the successor states R.Hudson & G.Bowman Constitutional ethno- nationalism after fifteen years V.Dimitrijevi? Kosovo and two dimensions of the contemporary Serb-Albanian conflict: N.Vladisavljevi? Why the peaceful resistance movement in Kosovo failed: S.Maliqi The paradox of the solution: The impact of the Kosovo Question on Macedonia: M.Muhi? Pride and perplexities: Identity politics In Macedonia and its theatrical refractions: I.Dodovski A re-examination of the position of the student movement in Serbia: V.Markovi? Translated by Adem Repesa and Robert Hudson Bosnia and Herzegovina: Citizenship versus nationality: N.Andjeli? Singing the politics of the Croatian transition: I.Pri?a The gender dimension of conflict and reconciliation: ten years after: Women reconstructing memory: V.Kesi? Unable to heal: Debate on the national self in post-socialist Slovenia: I.Sumi No Monuments, No History, No Past: Monuments and Memory: B.Jezernik Belgrade-Ljubljana-Brussels: S.Gaber Hypercapitalism as the replacement of old nationalist fears: R.Salecl Revisiting involvement and detachment: Yugoslavia as an object of scholarship: J.B.Allcock


Lead-free is to mount the component using solder outer peripheral portion of the land portion 14 provided on the surface of the printed circuit board is covered with the extended portion 21 of the solder mask 20 is formed on the surface of the printed circuit board. Printed circuit board, surface land portion, the solder mask, solder, the mounting parts, lead-free solder


According to "Contract Law" in our country,contract liability includes liability in making a contract and liability for breach of contract.This article analyzes the two difference in requirement,principle of liability and the form of liability.


Introducing different atoms into TiO2 crystal lattice is a famous method to improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2 under visible-light irradiation. In this paper, Nitrogen (N) and fluorine (F)co-doped TiO2 powders were prepared by mixing TiCl3 solutions with ammonium fluoride (NH4F). In preparation, we used NH3-H2O solution for adjustment of pH values (pH 2, 7, and 9) of mixed solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated N,F-TiO2 powders prepared at pH7 and pH9 contained only anatase phase, but the powders prepared at pH2 contained both anatase and rutile phase. The result of XRD also indicated N,F-TiO2 powders prepared at pH7 had the smallest crystallite size. We measured photocatalytic activity of prepared N,F-TiO2 powders by the decomposition of methylene blue. N,F-TiO2 powder prepared at pH7 and pH9 showed same high photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light irradiation (peak wave length = 352 nm). Furthermore, under green light LED irradiation (wave length = 525 nm), a sample prepared at pH7 decomposed methylene blue more quickly than any other samples. As the result, N,F-TiO2 prepared at pH7 had the best catalytic activity under both UV-light and visible light in the all of N,F-TiO2 prepared and reference TiO2 photocatalyst (ST-01 produced by Ishihara Co. Ltd).


Citizens' need of night leisure facility or night entertainment grows larger as the city itself progress in development. Nightclub, as one of the best-known and fast-growing example of night entertainment facility, is capable of answering the needs by giving the citizens a place in which they can release their tension from their daily routines and have fun for a while. Due to the rapid growing of nightclub in the night entertainment industry, it is very crucial for a designer or a developer to imbue a specific theme in a nightclub to ensure the ability to compete from similar night entertainment facility by giving the customer a different experience and atmosphere depending on the installed theme that may be applied and linked together on interior design, exterior design, and furniture design.


We present our piggyback search for fast radio bursts using the Nanshan 26 m Radio Telescope and the Kunming 40 m Radio Telescope. The observations are performed in the L band from 1380 to 1700 MHz at Nanshan and the Sband from 2170 to 2310 MHz at Kunming. We built the roach2-based FFT spectrometer and developed the real-time transient search software. We introduce a new radio interference mitigation technique named zero-DM matched filter and give the formula of the signal-to-noise ratio loss in the transient search. Though we have no positive detection of bursts in about 1600 and 2400 h data at Nanshan and Kunming, respectively, an intriguing peryton was detected at Nanshan, from which hundreds of bursts were recorded. Perytons are terrestrial radio signals that mimic celestial fast radio bursts. They were first reported at Parkes and identified as microwave oven interferences later. The bursts detected at Nanshan show similar frequency swept emission and have double-peaked profiles. They appeared in different sky regions in about tens of minutes observations and the dispersion measure index is not exactly 2, which indicates the terrestrial origin. The peryton differs drastically from the known perytons detected at Parkes, because it appeared in a precise period of p = 1.712 87 ± 0.000 04 s. Its origin remains unknown.


Nazaria, Ghea. 2019. "Psychological Disorders of the Main Figures in the Possession Film by Director Edwin (Literary Psychology Study)." Thesis. Indonesian Literature Strata I Program. Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Advisor I Dr. Redyanto Noor, M.Hum., Supervisor II Drs. Mulyo Hadi Purnomo, M,Hum.
Possessive Film is one of the films by director Edwin which was adapted from the wattpad with the same title, the work of Lucia Priandarini. Possessive film raises the love story of two teenagers namely Yudhis anda Lala who are both just fixing their first love. In this film Yudhis and Lala explore their first love, like falling in love in general, knowing each other and they are involved in a possessive relationship. Excessive Yudhis expressed his love, fearing his defeat, jealousy, making Lala decide to question this possessive relationship.
The main figure of Yudhis in the possessive film by director Edwin often corrects mental difficulties. The problems to be discussed are psychiatric problems in the main character Yudhis on possessive films by using the use of literary psychology. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The theory used is the theory of psychoanalytic literature. The technique of collecting data from this research is the technique of referring and noting. The data analysis technique of this research is descriptive analysis tehcnique. The result of this study prove that Yudhis corrects two psychiatric problems, namely erotomania and psychopathic. Erotomania which caused Yudhis also love which caused possessiveness to Lala then psychopathic which was the cause of erotomania disease which arose a passionate obsession with Yudhis.


This paper presents the evaluation plan and some of the early findings of the evaluation of the Mass Media and Health Practices (MMHP) Projects in Honduras and the Gambia. The MMHP Project was established to test and refine the methodology of mass media and communication campaigns and to assess the campaigns impact on health through the promotion or oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in a field setting. The research design developed to measure the impact of the campaign involves a panel study of 750 families in each country over a 2-year period. Interim findings from the 1st year of the evaluation indicate that the target populations have good access to the communication channels used by the campaigns; the target populations are exposed to and aware of the campaign activity; the audiences are learning a great deal of the campaign information; and they are adopting the treatment behaviors of ORT on a large scale. Finally data from Honduras show a significant drop in the proportion of deaths among children 0-2 years of age that involve diarrhea. Subsequent analyses will examine changes in health status among children in the 2 countries and their relation to illness and ORT.


An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device, comprises: a substrate having a display region and a non-display region; a gate line and first and second data lines on the substrate; first and second thin film transistors in the first and second pixel regions, respectively, the first thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the first data line, the second thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the second data line; a planarization layer on the first and second thin film transistors, the planarization layer having a drain contact hole exposing both of drain electrodes of the first and second thin film transistors; and a pixel electrode and a common electrode over the planarization layer.


Small and Medium Enterprises in the city of Makassar continue to experience rapid development. One of the challenges in Small and Medium Enterprises in Makassar is the low financial performance of SMEs. This is caused by low productivity because the quality of human resources is still low because of the lack of knowledge and entrepreneurial competence. Good management of intellectual capital can improve the company's financial performance. This study aims to examine the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance with a competitive advantage as an intervening variable in small and medium enterprises in the city of Makassar. This research conducted a quantitative method with an associative approach. Data of this research was primary data collected through questionnaire surveys. The research used multiple linear regression and path analysis with IBM Statistics SPSS 21. The results showed that intellectual capital had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar. Furthermore, intellectual capital impacted the competitive advantage of SMEs in Makassar city positively and significantly. Competitive advantage was also proven to have a positive and significant influence on the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar. The results of this study also indicated that competitive advantage was a mediating variable between the relationship of intellectual capital to the financial performance of SMEs in Makassar.


Before being opened to the traffic of airplanes the structure for extension of the Madeira island airport, was subjected to load tests to check its behavior and compare it with the predicted by the designers. This paper describes the dynamic tests that were conducted on the structure and that consisted in the measurement of vibrations due to the traffic of loaded trucks and due to the sudden release of a 62 tons weight, hanged from the mid-span of the slab. The paper describes the techniques that were used to analyze the tests data, namely, the basic frequency domain technique [1] for output-only modal analysis. The dynamic characteristics estimated from the tests are presented and compared with the ones evaluated with the finite element model used in the design of the structure. Reference is also made to the system that is going to be installed in the structure to monitor the dynamic effects of airplane landing and take off.


The invention relates to an actuating unit for a constant mesh transmission, particularly of a motor vehicle, comprising a selector fork that can be axially displaced at least between a first position associated with a first gear step of the constant mesh transmission and a neutral position. A positioning shaft is provided, on which two positioning elements for the selector fork are supported axially displaceably, but non-rotatably. The positioning elements comprise each a contact section for the temporary contact with the selector fork. The positioning shaft can be rotated together with the positioning elements for setting predetermined different angular positions of the positioning elements. Each positioning element is associated with an actuating element, by which the positioning element can be displaced as a function of the set angular position thereof axially along the positioning shaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a constant mesh transmission comprising such an actuating device.


This method of division is related to several methods which have been published from time to time. The advantage of the method given below is the advantage that iteration has, of substituting a repetition of a number of easy operations for a more difficult one, and the fact that at each operation the work starts at the beginning so that errors (except in the last operation) are automatically corrected.


Growth patterns of different Abies alba (Mill.) provenances after SO2-fumigation during the previous winter. Height and diameter growth, time of flushing and needle cast were studied in different Abies alba provenances one year after SO2 exposure. Provenance specific reduction in growth and needle cast could be demonstrated.


RFC 4874 specifies methods by which path exclusions can be
communicated during RSVP-TE signaling in networks where precise
explicit paths are not computed by the LSP source node. This document
specifies procedures for additional route exclusion subobject based on
Paths currently existing or expected to exist within the network.


478 In contrast to the hard materiality of an inkstone, Ko investigates the intangibles of a woman who enabled writing through her physical labor. She was an accomplished artisan who only seems to exist through her reputation in texts. These records, initially written in ink ground from an inkstone, document the reception of Madame Gu's technical artistry by her contemporaries. The artistic qualities of her inkstones intersect with the tool's functionality in ways that are intimately associated with writing, literacy, and authority. Ko interrogates the implement, forcing its stony exterior to yield secrets to its physical formation and social construction. Who used the inkstones and ultimately benefitted from them? Madame Gu, a woman and an artisan, probably did not. Although the use of inkstones conferred privilege onto some members of society, in Ko's argument, Madame Gu's achievements in stone provided inspiration for and were shaped by paradigmatic shifts in the production of knowledge in this era, forming an "artisanal epistemology." Early Qing scholars, in scrutinizing technological information central to the artisan's ability to create products, looked inward to explore the tools and products of their own trade. These men investigated words and the production of texts. Ko makes a provocative assertion: some of these scholars who wrote texts and practiced the carving of words into inkstones were no longer only scholars, but had become craftsmen, or as Ko puts it, "scholar-artisans," a blending of social categories that reconfigures our understanding of the profound import of techne and its principles in cultural and intellectual production. In Ko's brilliant and intricately woven narrative, the movements of the inkstones, the science deployed in their formation, and the technology of writing they enabled are unearthed at many stages to reveal numerous physical and cultural productions of hand and mind. Ko provides a dazzling panoramic inquiry into the nature of society and its knowledge as viewed from the perspective of an inkstone—and, in particular, an elusive inkstone created by Madame Gu's superlative efforts.


A fast method based on coordinate-wise descent algorithms is developed to solve portfolio optimization problems in which asset weights are constrained by l q norms for 1 ? q ? 2 . The method is first applied to solve a minimum variance portfolio (mvp) optimization problem in which asset weights are constrained by a weighted l 1 norm and a squared l 2 norm. Performances of the weighted norm penalized mvp are examined with two benchmark data sets. When the sample size is not large in comparison with the number of assets, the weighted norm penalized mvp tends to have a lower out-of-sample portfolio variance, lower turnover rate, fewer numbers of active constituents and shortsale positions, but higher Sharpe ratio than the one without such penalty. Several extensions of the proposed method are illustrated; in particular, an efficient algorithm for solving a portfolio optimization problem in which assets are allowed to be chosen grouply is derived.


Cosmology undertakes the formulation of a set of ideas from which experience is being interpreted. Its sucesses is evaluated by the adhesion of the protagonists. In this paper the characteristics of a physical model derived from a theory of the existence of natural phenomena is exposed. As a theory aims at substituting arbitrariness, either by manipulating the rules or the elements from which its heuristic competitiveness is being evaluated, this work starts by enunciating a regular set of fundamental themes that frame the physical endeaveor. Their translation into a mathematical formulation maps the realm of physics, which assigns quantities through measurements. A numerical simulation of the model is implemented to derive the first states of an embryonic universe. Its heuristic competitiveness is not yet reached as the computing power of a laptop does not allow to reach scales of probed dynamics, and a potential test of the model for either falsification or guided calibration is proposed. The lisibility of the theory as introducing a regular emergence of contemporary physics is discussed in the closing section.


Albitization is a common process during which hydrothermal fluids
convert plagioclase and/or K-feldspar into nearly pure albite; however,
its specific mechanism in granitoids is not well understood. The c. 1700
Ma A-type metaluminous ferroan granites in the Khetri complex of
Rajasthan, NW India, have been albitized to a large extent by two
metasomatic fronts, an initial transformation of oligoclase to nearly
pure albite and a subsequent replacement of microcline by albite, with
sharp contacts between the microcline-bearing and microcline-free zones.
Albitization has bleached the original pinkish grey granite and turned
it white. The mineralogical changes include transformation of oligoclase
(similar to An(12)) and microcline (similar to Or(95)) to almost pure
albite (similar to An(0 center dot 5-2)), amphibole from potassian
ferropargasite (X-Fe 0 center dot 84-0 center dot 86) to potassic
hastingsite (X-Fe 0 center dot 88-0 center dot 97) and actinolite (X-Fe
0 center dot 32-0 center dot 67), and biotite from annite (X-Fe 0 center
dot 71-0 center dot 74) to annite (X-Fe 0 center dot 90-0 center dot
91). Whole-rock isocon diagrams show that, during albitization, the
granites experienced major hydration, slight gain in Si and major gain
in Na, whereas K, Mg, Fe and Ca were lost along with Rb, Ba, Sr, Zn,
light rare earth elements and U. Whole-rock Sm-Nd isotope data plot on
an apparent isochron of 1419 +/- 98 Ma and reveal significant
disturbance and at least partial resetting of the intrusion age. Severe
scatter in the whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron plot reflects the extreme Rb
loss in the completely albitized samples, effectively freezing
Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in the albite granites at very high values (0 center
dot 725-0 center dot 735). This indicates either infiltration of highly
radiogenic Sr from the country rock or, more likely, radiogenic ingrowth
during a considerable time lag (estimated to be at least 300 Myr)
between original intrusion and albitization. The albitization took place
at similar to 350-400 degrees C. It was caused by the infiltration of an
ascending hydrothermal fluid that had acquired high Na/K and Na/Ca
ratios during migration through metamorphic rocks at even lower
temperatures in the periphery of the plutons. Oxygen isotope ratios
increase from delta O-18 = 7 parts per thousand in the original granite
to values of 9-10 parts per thousand in completely albitized samples,
suggesting that the fluid had equilibrated with surrounding
metamorphosed crust. A metasomatic model, using chromatographic theory
of fluid infiltration, explains the process for generating the observed
zonation in terms of a leading metasomatic front where oligoclase of the
original granite is converted to albite, and a second, trailing front
where microcline is also converted to albite. The temperature gradients
driving the fluid infiltration may have been produced by the high heat
production of the granites themselves. The confinement of the albitized
granites along the NE-SW-trending Khetri lineament and the pervasive
nature of the albitization suggest that the albitizing fluids possibly
originated during reactivation of the lineament. More generally,
steady-state temperature gradients induced by the high internal heat
production of A-type granites may provide the driving force for similar
metasomatic and ore-forming processes in other highly enriched granitoid
bodies.


Recent years saw an increased interest in modeling and understanding the mechanisms of opinion and innovation spread through human networks. Using analysis of real-world social data, researchers are able to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of social networks and subsequently model the changes in such networks over time. We developed a social network model that both utilizes an agent-based approach with a dynamic update of opinions and connections between agents and reflects opinion propagation and structural changes over time as observed in real-world data. We validate the model using data from the Social Evolution dataset of the MIT Human Dynamics Lab describing changes in friendships and health self-perception in a targeted student population over a nine-month period. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by predicting changes in both opinion spread and connectivity of the network. We also use the model to evaluate how the network parameters, such as the level of `openness' and willingness to incorporate opinions of neighboring agents, affect the outcome. The model not only provides insight into the dynamics of ever changing social networks, but also presents a tool with which one can investigate opinion propagation strategies for networks of various structures and opinion distributions.


The photo-oxidation method described by Armstrong, Williams and Strickland for determining total phosphorus and nitrogen in sea water has been adapted for analysis of fresh-water samples and extended to include the determination of total iron. The samples are subjected to ultraviolet irradiation in a photochemical reactor consisting of a high pressure mercuryarc lamp, a reactor body with twenty-four fused silica sample tubes and a cooling fan. Organically combined phosphorus and iron are converted into orthophosphate and iron(III) ions in the presence of acid and excess of oxygen after an irradiation time of 1 hour. Organonitrogen compounds and ammonia in solutions with pH range 6·5 to 9 are oxidised to nitrate and nitrite after 4 hours' irradiation in the presence of excess of oxygen, which excess is ensured by addition of a few drops of 30 per cent. hydrogen peroxide solution.


, we're always keenly interested in contributed articlesthat "move the needle on the dial"—in other words, advance the profession in somesignificant way. It's not always easy to determine which contributions will do that. Ulti-mately, it is up to you to decide which articles excite you and have a positive effect on the wayyou practice.This issue of the


We recorded about 7,000 short videos of 34 actors expressing facially the six basic emotions (fear, happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, and disgust), pain, and neutrality. The duration of the 1,088 most promising movies was reduced to 500 ms (15 frames). Faces were aligned on points placed on three robust facial landmarks (the pupil centers and the tip of the nose) across frames and videos. The frame containing the peak of the expression was extracted from each of these videos. Participants rated each stimulus with respect to how intensely it expressed happiness, disgust, fear, anger, sadness, surprise, and pain. The STOIC database comprises the 80 movies and corresponding photos most consistently recognized by observers while showcasing five male and five female actors, each expressing facially all basic emotions, pain, and neutrality. It is freely available here. Facial emotional expressions communicate information from which we can quickly infer the state of mind of our peers, and adjust our behavior accordingly (Darwin, 1872). Most psychophysical studies on facial expressions have been conducted using photos. However, the results from neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain regions involved in processing of facial affect—such as the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the amygdala, and insula— respond differently to dynamic—more realistic—than to static emotional expressions (e.g., Haxby, Hoffman, & Gobbini, 2000, 2002; Kilts et al., 2002; LaBar et al., 2003). Furthermore, Humphreys, Donnelly and Riddoch (1993) reported the case of a patient who could accurately recognize emotional expressions from moving points of light, but not from static images; and, reciprocally, Adolphs et al., (2003) reported the case of a patient who could only recognize dynamic emotional expressions. Yet the role played by dynamic features in the recognition of facial expression of emotions is still largely unknown (e.g., Ambadar et al., 2005). Several photo databases of facial expressions are available, such as the popular set developed by Ekman and Friesen (1975; e.g., CAFE, Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces). Likewise, there are a few video databases of facial expressions available (e.g., Battocchi & Pianesi, 2004; Cohen, Sebe, Garg, & Huang, 2002; Douglas-Cowie, Cowie, & Schröder, 2000; Kanade, Cohn, & Tian, 2000; Martinkauppi, Soriano, Huovinen, & Laaksonen, 2002; O'Toole et al., 2005; Pantic, Valstar, Rademaker, & Maat, 2005; Sun, Sebe, Lew, & Gevers, 2004; Wallhoff & [FG-NET]. 2005). None of these databases is perfectly adapted to the experiments that we plan to carry out to examine the role played by dynamic features in the recognition of facial expression of emotions, namely, classification-image and gaze-tracking experiments. Therefore, we developed STOIC, a database of emotions expressed facially conform to our needs. The main characteristics of the database are: (1) It includes both videos and photos extracted from these videos. (2) It includes facial expressions of the six basic emotions as well as pain and neutrality. Regardless of whether pain should be considered a basic emotion, its evolutionary significance cannot be denied. It is obvious that the capacity to feel pain (Williams, 2002) and to recognize it in others is just as important as any basic emotions for our survival (Craig, 2004). (3) The static stimuli as well as every frame of the dynamic stimuli were spatially aligned— and, in the case of the dynamic stimuli, temporally aligned—thus insuring a consistent positioning of facial features on the screen and minimizing head and body movements. This characteristic of the database will greatly simplify the analysis of classificationimage and gaze-tracking data. (4) Over one thousand videos and photos were validated independently. In contrast to what is typically done, we put each stimulus in the perceived emotion category—not necessarily the emotion that the actor intended to express. Only the 80 dynamic and corresponding static stimuli that led to the greatest consensus among observers were kept. (5) The database is suitable for face identification (10 actors, each expressing facially the seven emotions and neutrality) and gender discrimination (half of the actors are females), in addition to facial expression recognition. More details about the STOIC database are provided in the following pages. Stimuli creation We recorded a total of about 7,000 movies of emotions expressed facially by 34 actors. Four observers selected the best 1,088 movies—those that appeared most genuine and contained the least head movement. Faces in these selected movies were aligned spatially and temporally. One thousand eighty-eight photos were created by extracting the frame that contained the peak expression of every movie. Actors. A total of 34 actors (16 females) between the ages of 20 and 45 years were recruited among theatrical schools in Montreal. It was reasoned that experienced actors could more easily produce emotions that appear genuine. To insure some uniformity between the visual stimuli, actors were asked not to wear jewelry, or have facial piercing. Powder was used to reduce sweating and reflecting light and a hairnet insured that hair would not get in the way. Filming. Actors were asked to facially express the six basic emotions (happiness, disgust, fear, anger, sadness, and surprise) as well as pain and neutrality. Filming took place in a semianechoic chamber with chroma-key blue background, equipped with two diffuse tungsten lamps. The movie streams were recorded using a Canon XL1S video camera. Data was digitally transferred to a Personal Computer (AMD 1700 processor) and captured using Adobe Premier Pro software. The videos were captured in color at a rate of 29.97 images per second with a resolution of 720 by 480 pixels. The actors were positioned 1.5 meter from the lens of the camera and centered in the image. We deinterlaced the video track using a blending method. At the beginning of each recording, actors were asked to hold a Kodak colors chart to allow color and luminance calibrations. However, the validation was done only on the achromatic stimuli but remains available for further sudies. Each recording session lasted approximately one hour; actors had to generate multiple exemplars of the eight facial expressions at different intensities (weak, moderate, high). Actors were asked to say "ah" when expressing the emotions. The audio track was removed for the current validation but remains available for further studies (see Belin, Fillion-Bilodeau & Gosselin, 2008). Movies and photos. The video track was initially segmented into one-second movies, including the full rise of the facial expressions. Four graduate students chose the four best movies for each emotion and actor (i.e., 34 actors * 8 emotions * 4 exemplars = 1,088 movies) based on two criteria: minimum body and head displacements and apparent authenticity of the expressed emotions. For each movie, we isolated facial-muscle movements by aligning three robust facial features using home-brewed Matlab programs. Thus, for every frame of every movie, three points were positioned, by human observers, on the centers of the pupils and on the tip of the nose. Then, we translated, rotated, and scaled the landmark positions of each frame of each movie to minimize the mean square of the difference between them and a template (see Figure 1; e.g., Gonzalez, Woods & Eddins, 2002). Figure 1. Left: Mean of all frames of a fear movie pre-alignment superimposed with the position of the facial landmarks annotated in red and the average facial landmarks in green. A dynamic version is available here. Right: The same but post-alignment: A significant amount of smear has been removed. A dynamic version is available here. This template was the average of the landmark positions across all frames and movies scaled so that inter-ocular distance was 100 pixels. A consequence of this spatial alignment is that a featural meaning can now be ascribed to a coordinate. While these transformations worked nicely with clips that contained a lot of head movement, they introduced jitter in those that contained minimal movements. These movie clips were therefore rotated and translated on each frame, and scaled on the mean landmark locations. The frames were cropped at 256 x 256 pixels, centered on the aligned nose landmark. Movies were also aligned temporally by annotating the last neutral frame prior the appearance of the emotional expression and were shortened to 15 frames (500 ms). Our static expressions consisted of the apex of every movie. We've added mid-gray elliptical masks to the movies convolved with a Gaussian filter having a standard deviation of 2 pixels to remove sharp edges. These masks were fitted by emotions and by subjects to reveal all internal and remove all external facial features; when necessary, we fitted individual movies (and photos). Validations We proceeded with two separate validations—one for the photos and the other for the movies. This allowed us to derive a measure of stimulus recognizability based on entropy. Participants. Thirthy-five participants (20 females) from Montréal were recruited for the validation dynamic expressions (the mean age and years of schooling were 25 and 16 respectively). Thirthy-five others (19 females) also from Montréal participated in the validation of the static expressions (the mean age and years of schooling were 23 and 16 respectively). All participants had normal or corrected vision. Procedure. The validations took place in computer rooms at the Université de Montréal. All 1,088 movies (and photos) were presented to all participant using the Internet browser Firefox 2 on Macintosh G5 computers; our website was programmed in PHP/JavaScript. Photos were presented for 500 ms, that is, the same duration as the movies. Movies and photos were preceded and followed by mid-gray frames. Data was automatically saved on a M


Religion is a source of solace in life and Islam has noble values that are used to guide life forward. Considering the fact that young people are moved to learn about Islam, this study examines the dynamics of university students in fighting for their aspiration to uphold Islam in the public sphere.For their presence, mosque and campuses become their ideological basecamp and (internalise) Islamic thought. Islam and young people have become a special identity that negotiates with modernity. This study aims to provide a critical view on the prolongation of youth in understanding the reality of Islam in the public sphere, affected by the social and political situation in Indonesia during the New Order and post-reform era. In addition, it would provides a perspective on the identity of young people who take Islamic symbols in promoting for their ideation into the public sphere Yogyakarta City is selected as fieldwork location because the progressiveness of youth and Islam is increasing, and as the city of education centre Yogyakarta plays a role in transforming the Islamic culture of a new model for young people.


To explore the kinetics parameters in the leaching of total flavonoids from Arctium lappal root. According to Fick's second law of diffusion, the kinetic equation for total flavonoids leaching process was established with ball model. According to Fick's second law of diffusion, leaching process was analysed. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of polysaccharide leaching process.


Abstract We have been interested in merging synthetic nucleotide chemistry with combinatorial selection of DNAzymes to deliver a more complete (and complex) chemical complement to the catalytic repertoire of nucleic acids. Thus we ask, what do modified dNTPs really bring to nucleic acids in terms of an increased repertoire? In asking this question, we have looked first at conditions, and more recently for reaction classes where nucleic acids are found to be catalytically inefficient, deficient, or at least to date, seemingly incapable of certain functions. A case of this is M2+-independent ribophosphodiester hydrolysis at physiological pH and low ionic strength where nucleic acids exhibit especially low rate constants for self-cleavage and seem to be incapable of turnover.


Introduction: COVID-19 is a new, highly infectious, and life-threatening disease and can aggravate the previous kidney disease Objectives: This study aims to describe the prevalence and profile of acute kidney injury (AKI), Acute on Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) and CKD in our COVID-19 patients isolation wards Methodology: We conducted a descriptive study on Mei until June 2020 in Sanglah Hospital isolation wards, consisted of adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 cases by RT-PCR All of AKI, ACKD, and CKD cases were included in this study Results: During two months period of observation, there were 299 patients observed in isolation COVID-19 wards Among those patients, 91 (30%) patients confirmed with COVID-19 and 15 (16 48%) of those COVID-19 patients had renal complications, consisting of 9 males and 6 females aged 56 6 ± 12 07 years Haemoglobin, BUN, serum creatinine, natrium and kalium level were 10 07 ± 3 14 g/dL 73 4 ± 37 6 mg/dL, 9 9 ± 7 6 g/dL, 134 5 ± 8 3 g/dL, 4 7 ± 1 2 g/dL, respectively Seventh of those patients were diagnosed with CKD, five patients as ACKD, and three patients as AKI All of CKD and 4 of 5 ACKD were undergone haemodialysis Among 15 patients had two hypertension, one diabetes mellitus, and two ADHF as comorbidities The remaining four patients were combined with DM and hypertension and 2 cases had hypertension, DM dan ADHF as comorbidities These patients have been treated: two with ACE-i, eight with ARB, three with BB and four with CCB based for comorbidities Two patients (one ACKD and CKD) died during hospitalization Conclusion: There was a sixteenth percent of COVID-19 patients complicated with AKI, ACKD, and CKD;eleven are required haemodialysis, and two died


In this paper vibration control of cantilever beam which serve as basic model for different type of structure used in various industry fields is simulated using ANSYS 16 software. For vibration control piezoelectric ceramic LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE (PZT) patches are attached near the fixed end at the top and bottom surface serving as Actuator. The work considers Active Vibration Control (AVC). Beam as well as PZT patches are considered as Euler-Bernoulli beam element. The cantilever beam along with bonded PZT patch is called smart cantilever beam. Different voltage is applied within limit to the PZT patches and amplitude of vibration is observed.


There are two ways by which an equilibrium liquid's heat capacity, Cp,liq, is seen to decrease to zero on cooling to 0 K: (i) decrease abruptly first to the Cp of its ordered crystal at T>0 K, and thereafter the crystal's Cp decrease to zero at 0 K, and (ii) decrease continuously to zero at 0 K. The prohibitively long time needed for Cp measurements at sufficiently low temperatures has prevented one from determining the relative merits of these two inferences. Here, we propose a method for doing so by a comparative analysis of the Cp data of an equilibrium liquid and of its two crystalline forms, one of which is orientationally disordered. The method is then used to test these merits with the available Cp and entropy data of ethanol. The results support the inference of a continuous decrease in Cp to zero at 0 K, but not that of an abrupt decrease.


Aims Our objective was to better understand the response of plant functional traits of Salsola nitraria to environmental change, such as global climate change and nutrient addition, in desert grassland. Methods We conducted field experiments of moisture and nutrient additions for three years(2009–2011) in a desert grassland of northwest Xinjiang in China. We investigated plant functional traits of S. nitraria and in the fourth year(2012) measured plant height, stem fresh mass, stem dry mass, leaf fresh mass, leaf dry mass, etc. under different treatments of nutrient and water additions. Important findings The combination of fertilizer and moisture had a significant influence on stem fresh mass, leaf fresh mass, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf saturated water content, and leaf dry matter content(two-way ANOVA, p 0.05), while the effect of either fertilizer or moisture alone was not significant. None of the treatment effects on plant height were significant. The maximum values of plant height, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, leaf saturated fresh weight, leaf dry weight, leaf area, and specific leaf area appeared in the snow and fertilizer additions(N1 W2), and the second highest was in the control(N0 W0). Maximum leaf saturated water content was observed in the control(N0 W0), and the second highest appeared in the snow and fertilizer additions(N1 W2). The fertilizer addition(N1 W0) could significantly decrease the level of leaf saturated water content. In all of the treatments, leaf dry matter content was higher than that under the control, and among them, the rain addition(N0 W2) significantly increased leaf dry matter content. In the control, there were many significant negative correlations between leaf dry matter content and other functional traits and many significant positive correlations between different functional traits. After the fertilizer and/or moisture addition, the correlation coefficient was reduced. In desert grassland of the Junggar Basin, the different performance of S. nitraria under different treatments was the result of plant adaptations to environmental changes.


Political risk is very important to multinational corporations in the multinational operation and investment.By discussingthe forms of political risk particularly, the management strategies of political risk to avoid the disadvantage of political risk are put forward, such as, prevention strategies before investment, decentralization strategies in operation and mitigation strategies after the political risk.


Shorter product life-cycles, variable product demand, and unpredictable manufacturing system trends have forced manufacturing company to operate flexibly in order to adapt to changing requirements. Traditional manufacturing systems, such as job shops and


The effectiveness of midodrine administration for the treatment of dizziness in patients with orthostatic dysregulation (OD) was investigated. Midodrine (4mg/day) was administered for 8 weeks to 42 patients with dizziness who were confirmed to have orthostatic dysregulation based on a questionnaire. The patients were subdivided into 3 groups on the basis of blood pressure and Schellong test results. Twenty patients had low systolic pressure, less than 100mmHg at rest in the supine position, twelve patients had orthostatic hypotension, and the other ten patients were diagnosed to have orthostatic dysregulation without low systolic pressure or orthostatic hypotension.The effects of the drug were evaluated objectively on the basis of improvement in the Schellong test results, and subjectively on the basis of the patient's perception of symptoms as described in the OD questionnaire results at 4 and 8 weeks after midodrine administration. In general, the symptoms tended to decrease after treatment in most of the patients. In patients with hypotension or orthostatic hypotension, in particular, excellent improvement was achieved. Improvement occurred not only in the patients symptoms, but also in low blood pressure at bed rest and Schellong test results. These observations suggest that administration of midodrine was efficacious in the treatment of dizziness in patients with orthostatic dysregulation as a probable consequence of poor cir culatory function due to autonomic imbalance.


This paper examines the global interaction of the solar wind with the geomagnetic field, using a newly developed three-dimensional high-precision MHD simulation code which employs the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Gill scheme in time and the direct finite-difference method in space, and which allows much less numerical error than the conventional code. The simulation reveals in detail the formation processes of the magnetosphere and the bow shock, as well as the plasma sheet formation process. It is shown that, contrary to the conventional understanding, no Kelvin-Helmholtz instability occurs along the magnetopause in an ideal MHD.


The spectral tilt is more pronounced in wideband speech signals due to the wide dynamic range between low and high frequencies.For solving this problem and improving the wideband synthesis speech quality more efficiently,a novel perceptual weighting filter is proposed in this paper.Then it is applied to the adaptive multi-rate wideband(AMR-WB) speech codec.The simulation results indicate that the proposed filter not only efficiently compensate the spectral tilt of wideband speech signals,but also improve the wideband-perceptual evaluation of speech quality(w-PESQ) of AMR-WB 9 modes significantly.


The invention relates to a method for realizing balanced acquisition of electric energy. The method comprises the following steps of: A, initializing a task balancing controller; B, polling terminal task distribution information of each acquisition module and the execution condition of each task; C, according to a load evaluation algorithm and the polling result, redistributing the inconsistent terminal tasks to each acquisition module; D, performing electric energy data acquisition by using each acquisition module according to the distributed terminal task information; E, after each task is executed by each acquisition module, returning the execution result to the task balancing controller by using each acquisition module; F, after the task balancing controller receives the task execution result, updating a memory state value of the task balancing controller by using the task balancing controller; G, when the task balancing controller monitors that a certain acquisition module is off-line, redistributing the terminal task corresponding to the acquisition module to other on-line acquisition modules for continuous acquisition; and H, when the task balancing controller monitors that a certain acquisition module is on-line, shifting out part of the tasks from other on-line acquisition modules and distributing the shifted-out tasks to the on-line acquisition module for continuous acquisition.


This study aims to determine biographical influences on facets of employee assistance programmes (EAPs) and the quality of work life of employees in a public sector organization. Employee perceptions were conducted via questionnaire distribution and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A sample 85 employees was drawn using the stratified random sampling. Significant differences surfaced with the length of service and with the three components of the study, that is, the programme on stress-related problems, the programme on personal issues and, mentoring programmes. Also, a significant difference emerged for the programme for substance abuse and the highest educational level. The literature review and the results highlight a compelling need for quality of work life and for spearheading EAPs programmes effectively in organizations.


: Cationic polythiophenes constitute an interesting class of polymers for prospective applications in imaging, gene delivery and biosensing, as they combine solubility in aqueous media and have sensitive optical properties for the detection of biomolecules such as DNA. Here, we study the supramolecular self-assembly of poly[3-(6'-(trimethylphosphonium)hexyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl] ( P3HT-PMe 3 ) with different types of DNA, such as single-stranded oligonucleotides or long genomic DNA. Self-assembly in buffered aqueous solution yields polyplexes (polymer/DNA complexes) with hydrodynamic radius ranging from 7 nm to around 25 nm, as observed by Taylor Dispersion Analysis. In these polyplexes, the achiral polymer presents chiroptical signals induced by supramolecular organization along chiral DNA. When the solution of long DNA/ P3HT-PMe 3 is deposited on surfaces, tens of µm-long fibers are formed by condensation of DNA and compaction of the polyplexes, as evidenced by microscopy techniques. of the solute in the cross section of the capillary ( t 0 1.25 for a relative error ε on the determination of D lower than 3%) and that the axial diffusion is negligible compared to convection (the Peclet number P e = R c u / D is above 40 for  lower than 3%, with u being the average linear mobile phase velocity) hydrodynamic R their corresponding  2 where k B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature (in K), R c is the capillary diameter, and  is the viscosity of the eluent (0.9×10 -3 Pa.s for TE buffer). as ( ) and respectively. composed of one substrate and is the stoichiometry of the polyplex which is given by: where [L] 0 and [S] 0 are the initial introduced concentrations of the ligand and the substrate, respectively, and [L] is the free polycation (ligand) concentration. [L] is obtained from the signal contribution due to the free ligand by external calibration (see SI for the calibration curve).


We demonstrate, for the first time, an ultra-low-noise mode-division multiplexed transmission with eight wavelength-division multiplexed channels over a 100-km few-mode fiber based on a second-order few-mode Raman amplifier. To minimize the mode dependent gain, two backward depolarized pumps at the wavelengths of 1455 nm (75 mW) and 1360 nm (1890 mW) are equally launched both into the LP11a and LP11b modes. The Raman on–off gains of the LP01 and LP11 modes are both above 8 dB and the mode dependent gain is less than 0.7 dB. An amplified spontaneous emission noise improvement of 1.8 dB is achieved in the second-order few-mode Raman amplifier, with respect to the first-order Raman amplification. The effective noise figure of the second-order few-mode Raman amplifier is about –3 dB, which is ∼1.4 dB lower than that in the first-order pumping case. In the transmission experiments, a single-mode transmission over LP01 mode and a mode-division multiplexed transmission over LP11a and LP11b modes are performed separately. The bit-error-rates for all the transmission channels are significantly improved due to the low-noise figure amplification of the second-order few-mode Raman amplifier.