The current Chinese urbanization is only driven by land finance and low value-added industries. Low economic density and low value-added industries spread seriously affected the urban agglomeration economic effects and network effects. In the agglomeration triangle, people-oriented development play an important role to exert urban agglomeration effect. In this progress, government need to enhance management level, rise city population and economic density, construct city and regional innovation system and improve the independent creative ability. Compared with "city management 1.0" mainly on land management, "city management 2.0" targeting on city population and industry ecosystem is an important measure to promote new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics.


Contents: Introduction. Review of Reliability and Validity Studies Using the Gottschalk-Gleser Method of Content Analysis. Range of Some Types of Applications of This Method of Verbal Content Analysis. Psychosocial Research Using This Method. Content Analysis Studies Involving the Neurosciences, Neuropsychopharmacology, and Biological Psychiatry. Applications of New Findings Involving the Content Analysis of Verbal Behavior to Clinical Medicine and Clinical Psychiatry. Measurement of the Content Analysis of Natural Language by Computerized Artificial Intelligence as a Means of Facilitating and Speeding Up Verbal Behavior Analysis.


In this article, I put Carlos Reygadas' prize-winning art film, Stellet Licht, to use for Law and Film purposes. Stellet Licht (or Silent Light) is the first film made in the medieval German/Prussian dialect, Plautdietsch (or Low German), and filmed in an Old Order (very conservative) Mennonite colony in Mexico. Viewers of Stellet Licht must be prepared to be contemplative because the film often eschews dialogue or action in favour of contemplation. This fictitious film invites us to contemplate a heterosexual love triangle and provides a novel site for thinking about how law and patriarchy can unconsciously work in our lives. When we do the contemplative work invited by the film, we not only see law differently, but we can also imagine miraculous reconciliation between people.


Impact ionisation MOSFET (IMOS) is a new and promising alternative for conventional MOSFET owing to its low subthreshold slope. With the aid of TCAD simulation tools and the resultant figures, the basic physics behind IMOS operation has been studied in this paper. The Id-Vg curve resulting from this study having a subthreshold slope of 1.272mV/dec is also presented in the paper.


The larva of Epeorus punctatus (McDunnough) is described for the first time based on reared specimens from West Virginia. Larvae are differentiated from those of other E. vitreus species group species by the bluntly pointed femoral projections, subrectangular head capsule, and short posterolateral abdominal projections. Epeorus rubidus (Traver) is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of E. vitreus (Walker). A key for the known larvae of the eastern North American species of the E. vitreus species group [E. dispar (Traver), E. punctatus, E. subpallidus (Traver), E. vitreus] is provided.


MOTIVATION
Although natural products represent a reservoir of molecular diversity, the process of isolating and identifying active compounds is a bottleneck in drug discovery programs. The rapid isolation and identification of the bioactive component(s) of natural product mixtures during the bioassay-guided fractionation have become crucial factors in the competition with chemical compound libraries and combinatorial synthetic efforts. In this respect, the use of spectral databases in identification processes is indispensable.

RESULTS
We have developed a database containing (13)C spectral information of over 6000 natural compounds, which allows for fast identifications of known compounds present in the crude extracts and provides insight into the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.

AVAILABILITY
http://c13.usal.es


Abstract In this paper we provide an elementary proof of James' characterization of weak compactness in separable Banach spaces. The proof of the theorem does not rely upon either Simons' inequality or any integral representation theorems. In fact the proof only requires the Krein–Milman theorem, Milman's theorem and the Bishop–Phelps theorem.


A test method for measuring the performance of the IR warning equipment by using the quantified IR source instead of the real IR target was presented in this paper.The searchlight quantified IR drone was developped and its theory,structure,calibration,application and calculation were introduced.With the drone,the parameters,such as the operational distance of point source IR warning equipment,detection sensitivity and the atmospheric transmissivity were measured on site. The IR drone could be used as simulated IR mobile target.


In the sugar factory from the various heat exchangers condensates are produced but it contains certain impurities which badly affects the performance of high pressure boilers. The authors has tried to reduce impurities present in this paper.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify profiles of achievement goal orientations and transitions between these profiles among adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. A sample of 1268 adolescents (51.7% females; Mage = 14.87; SDage = 0.39) participated in four waves of data collection: One took place pre-pandemic (at the start of 9th grade) and three took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Latent transition analyses revealed four profiles of achievement goal orientations at each study wave: moderately motivated, success-oriented, mastery-oriented, and unmotivated. Most adolescents remained in the same profile or transitioned to a similar one across subsequent study waves. However, some more substantive, mostly unfavourable patterns of transitions between the profiles were also observed, especially among highly motivated adolescents. The latter patterns coincided with pandemic-related online learning periods. Results also showed a large motivational disadvantage among students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, which was particularly pronounced before the pandemic, but remained salient throughout the study.


Contraceptives are vital healthcare for women and people with wombs. Recently, there has been a rise in the use of 'digital contraceptives', a type of 'femtech' software available for download on app stores which require data input in order to make predictions about users' fertility. Digital contraceptives, when marketed as such, fall within the definition of a 'medical device' and under the authority of the Medical Devices Regulations 2002 are a 'medium-risk' device. However, not all femtech which may be used as contraception is captured by this framework. In this article it is argued that the regulatory category into which digital contraceptives have been placed by the medical devices regime is (a) unduly limited in scope, (b) insufficiently stringent to protect users, considering the grave and life-changing effects this technology can have if things go wrong, and (c) ill-conceived as a regulatory response to a technology that affects large sections of the population. It is suggested here that the broader context in which software as a contraceptive sits (i.e. within the general contraceptive market) is key to understanding the regulatory blindness that is occurring when it comes to digital contraceptives and some other forms of fertility-related femtech. As such, software which can be used as a contraceptive is in fact 'high risk' and should be reclassified as such.


Steven Liben,1 Ted Zwerdling et al.,2 and Javier Kane et al.3 in the pages of this journal have addressed the problematic topic of end-of-life care for children. Issues of loss, grief, and coping are difficult for terminal patients and those close to them under any circumstances, but the case of children is all the more so. Children embrace the world with unconditional acceptance on one shoulder and curious wonder on the other. As any parent or grandparent knows well, "Why?" is a kid's favorite question. When laden with a terminal diagnosis, the child is being asked to accept the unimaginable and those who love her or him are being asked to explain the incomprehensible. Moreover, children represent love, hope, and the future. To let a child go is a profoundly emotional, psychological, and spiritual trauma for her or his caregivers, just as it is for the family. For the child, the terminal or life-threatening diagnosis is itself a traumatic event. In her two books, The Deepening Shade4 and Armfuls of Time,5 Barbara Sourkes, PhD, draws on more than 20 years of clinical experience with the Dana-Farber Institute, Children's Hospital of Boston, and Montreal Children's Hospital. The Deepening Shade elegantly explicates a framework for psychotherapy in terminal illness, and Armfuls of Time does likewise for the special case of children. Dr. Sourkes informs us that lifethreatening illness is a complex and intense psychological experience, where the diagnosis foreshadows death as the final outcome. Time is universal and awareness of the passage of time is pervasive in the face of potential or impending loss. Lifethreatening illness leads patients into psychotherapy. The psychotherapist's framework comprises aspects of time, space, identity, and the therapeutic content, process, and relationship. The therapist's personal issues of loss, or "baggage," can affect the relationship with the patient. Hence, Dr. Sourkes reminds us that the therapy and diagnosis are intertwined and termination of the relationship can occur at any moment. The therapist who becomes personally invested in the patient with a life-threatening illness runs the risk of inviting yet another loss when the terminal diagnosis becomes reality. The therapeutic approach should be commitment with boundaries or limits based on introspective self-criticism. In other words, it is the patient's agenda and life, not yours. For children as well as adults, diagnosis of a life-threatening illness implies a terminal prognosis, but an extended period of living with the disease precedes death. Even if death does not come, a pervasive uncertainty dominates one's life. Sourkes writes, "all individuals, regardless of age, share in a common struggle as the illness unfolds...the experience of those who live with uncertainty." The focus, she explains, becomes the child (or anyone) who is "living with the illness, rather than dying of it." For hospice and palliative caregivers of all disciplines, the therapeutic relationship can "give aliveness" to the child, even if life itself is an uncertainty.


In order to exploit the resource of corn-peptide, the antifatigue effect of corn-peptide was studied. The effects of corn-peptide on the time of swimming and climbing pole on mice thus were observed. And the effects on the content of the plasmaurea, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were stutied. Corn-peptide enforced the swimming durability of mice and prolongedthe climbing pole time. The contents of the lactates and the plasma urea were lower, but the contents of liver glycogen and muscleglycogen were higher. Corn-peptide has antifatigue effect.


We describe a general VLSI architecture for the computation of arithmetic expressions including floating-point trancendental functions. This architecture is divided in three parts: a communication machine, the control part of a computation machine and the operative part of this computation machine. In order to compute the most usual trancendental functions, we introduced some general algorithms, presented briefly here, including as a particular case the CORDIC scheme. Our major architecture goals were regularity, parametrization and automatic design. The final chip is designed in a 2-Alu CMOS technology, and its name is FELIN ("Fonctions ELémentaires INtégrées is the french for integrated elementary functions"). This work was supported in part by the GRECO C3 and the GCIS of the French CNRS.


Ruthenium red, at a concentration of 0.005%, stains extracellular but not intracellular mast cell granules. This vital stain can be used to demonstrate that after degranulation with polymyxin B sulfate many granules retained within the domain of the cell have been extruded into the extracellular space. This interpretation is confirmed by electron microscopy. Indirect evidence indicates that some extruded granules may be recovered by the cell and sequestered in an intracellular space not accessible to ruthenium red.


Diode laser soldering is being increasingly accepted by the microelectronics industry due at least partly to the development of reliable, efficient direct diode lasers. Gold-tin soldering is now employed in a wide range of applications where high temperature capability and corrosion resistance is required, especially in the Photonics industry. There is to date very little published data on laser soldering of this alloy type so an experimental program was conducted to identify appropriate laser processing variables for soldering standard metallized telecommunications fibers to gold plated substrates. The resultant joints were subjected to metallurgical examination and excellent joint quality has been confirmed. No porosity or lack of wetting was noted and a very fine eutectic microstructure was observed. Significant microstructural differences were noted between short and long soldering times.


our credibility to imagine that a "common middle class orientation" (p. x) is sufficient to establish this intellectual mishmash as an intellectual tradition. Doubtless, all of these writers were concerned about or tried to appeal to the German petit bourgeoisie, but the differences often seem to outweigh the similarities. Oswald Spengler seems to be an especially tight fit. But—for another thing—even if we agree that they have an ideology in common, this particular variety of social conservatism has roots deep in the nineteenth century. They should not be ignored. But these shortcomings should not deter the interested reader, whether casual or professional. The book is a solid and useful study of an important aspect of the political climate of Weimar Germany. —D. J. MATTHEISEN


Objective To explore the application of time series anto-regression moving average(ARMA) model in prediction of cholelithiasis incidence.Methods EViews3.1 software was used to construct the ARMA model based on the monthly cholelithiasis incidence in Haixi Mongol Tibetan and Kazak Autonomous District of Qinghai province,from Jan 2001 to Dec 2006 with consideration of residual un-correlation and concision.Akaike information criterion(AIC),Schwarz criterion(SC) and goodness of fit were used to determine the degree of the model.The constructed model was then applied to predict the monthly cholelithiasis incidence in 2007 and the incidence from the ARMA model was compared with the actual incidence so as to evaluate the model′s validity.Results(ARIMA)(1,1,1) model could better fit and predict the value of monthly incidence of cholelithiasis,except for some observed data.The prediction of the model was very close to the actual value.Conclusion The model of ARMA seems to fit exactly the changes in cholelithiasis incidence and to predict the future trend of incidence with a high prediction precision of short term time series.


This study investigates the effect technology has on librarians working in academic and research institutions in Kuwait. The study addresses six job-related dimensions: (1) affective/ philosophical reactions, (2) personnel changes, (3) performance, workload, and rewards, (4) training and learning activities, (5) management issues and (6) sources of stress. A questionnaire distributed to 147 individuals yielded a 66 percent (n=97) response. Most of the participants are employed in public institutions, female and work in the information services area. The findings show that the respondents are optimistic about technology, believe that it improves their job performance and are up to the challenges that technology brings. However, they feel there is a lack of positive feedback from management acknowledging their effort and performance. Lack of technically oriented professional staff and technological breakdowns are the most frequently checked stressors. Insufficient formal training programs create the highest level of stress. Several recommendations are made for improving the workplace in a techno-environment. Suggestions for future research are also given.


The study situation of undergraduate clinical medicine students is a matter of high social concern. Whether a student can graduate successfully, and how academic performance during school is directly related to the medical level of the student's hospital in the future. By analyzing the results of professional courses of undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine, this research scientifically predicts the relationship between professional courses and accurately predicts the passing of students' course examinations. This study uses the knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD) data mining process, association rules, cluster analysis, neural network and other methods to analyze the three-year professional course results of the 2016 clinical medicine undergraduates. For students with poor academic performance, the accuracy of predicting the passing of the course test is 88.5%. Through this research, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the school's curriculum planning and formulate a more scientific plan. At the same time, targeted measures are taken to assist students in different categories of students to help students improve their academic performance and master basic medical knowledge.


After 250 years of Beethoven, his epoch-defining dimension has become visible: the composer of the shift towards modernity, the revolutionary of the bourgeois age and the redefiner of musical intelligence, which remains a challenge to this day, for contemporary composition too. At the centre of Beethoven's work stands freedom: the freedom of the artist from the imperatives of society, the political freedom of society and individuals, brotherhood and sisterhood among all people and, not least, the freedom of music from the constraints of functionalization.


Strong clutter reflections of terrain and marine surfaces obscure the contrast between the target-of-interest and clutter (terrain and marine surface reflections) in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and consequently hinder the efficiency of image interpretation and analysis. To overcome this problem, this letter proposes an efficient clutter suppression method in SAR images, which is named shedding irrelevant patterns (SIP). The essence is to construct a regression function that can suppress clutter and preserve the target patterns concurrently. We assume that the clutter is irrelevant to the target-of-interest and distinguishable in patterns in terms of image-pixel distribution and intensity (spatial information). Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method in both clutter suppression and target pattern preservation.


An isolated extreme rainfall event occurred across portions of the Springfield, Missouri, area on 15 June 2013, causing substantial flooding of several small headwater tributaries of the James River. Heavy, nearly stationary thunderstorm activity developed along an outflow boundary after 1500 UTC. This area of thunderstorms trained over southern Springfield before dissipating around 1845 UTC. Post-event analysis of rainfall amounts indicated both gauge observations and radar-derived estimates exceeding the 100-yr event (1% annual chance equivalent). Local storm reports from the National Weather Service (NWS) forecast office in Springfield were supplemented with additional reports derived from news media and social media. Flash flood nowcasting techniques such as NWS gridded flash flood guidance (GFFG), rainfall average recurrence interval (ARI) estimates, the distributed hydrologic model-threshold frequency (DHM-TF), and the flooded locations and simulated hydrographs (FLASH) project were compared to local storm reports of flash flooding. A timeline of output from each of these techniques was compared to the time of reported flooding to evaluate the usefulness of each tool in the context of NWS operations. It was found that GFFG underestimated the scope of the flash flooding and would not have provided an estimate of flash flood severity. Rainfall ARI estimates, DHM-TF, and FLASH each suggested a significant flash flood event; however, DHM-TF output would have been available too late for forecasters and FLASH output would have provided several areas of false alarms. Rainfall ARI estimates provided the best balance of detecting areas of flash flooding, correctly estimating flash flood severity, and being available in a timely manner to NWS forecasters.


In the scope of this master's thesis we determined the adiabatic curve of massive concrete used in construction of Hydro power plant Brežice. Behavioral understanding of specific concrete components and their influences on development of temperature during concrete drying process was crucial for detailed analysis. For analysis purposes of temperature development in concrete drying process three different mixtures were used and measured during construction of HPP Brežice between August and December 2015. The mixture currently used for installation represented a reference for two other modified mixtures which we introduced with the purpose of minimizing the maximum temperature of hydration process. The first modified mixture contained a low percentage of cement. In the planning phase we assumed that installation of this mixture could represent a major problem, so we compiled a recipe for another adjusted mixture. This mixture contained a smaller amount of cement then the reference, but still higher then the first modified version. On the expense of reducing the quantity of cement we increased the number of fine particles to maintain best possible workability of concrete. After a detailed analysis of the data we obtained through experiments, we have found that reducing the amount of cement in concrete mixture has positive influence on the adiabatic curve. Blend with the minimum amount of cement has reached the minimum absolute temperature, minimum temperature rise and minimum relative temperature rise. This mixture has reached the minimum speed and accelerations of the temperature increase inside the concrete.


The paper analyses the economic recovery programmes utilized by the Zimbabwean government in the post-Zimbabwean dollar era and their impact. The paper interrogates The Short Term Emergency Recovery Programme (STERP), the Three Year Macro-Economic Policy and Budget Framework (STERP II) and The Medium Term Plan (MTP).


The Western Sahara Conflict: The Role of Natural Resources in Decolonization. Edited by Claes Olsson. Current African Issues, No. 33. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006. Pp. 31; map. SEK 90 paper. On April 30, 2006, the Kerr-McGee Corporation, a petroleum exploration and engineering firm headquartered in Houston, Texas, announced that it would not renew its October 2001 contract with the government of Morocco to prospect for oil deposits in the waters off the disputed Western Sahara, occupied by Rabat since late 1975. While it was uncertain at first whether KMG had withdrawn from the former Spanish colony due to its not locating commercially viable quantities of oil there or whether it-like the French-based Total Group and the Norwegian seismic survey firm TGS-Nopec-had bowed to pressure from an increasingly articulate, organized, and broad-based coalition of nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) opposing any exploitation of Western Sahara's natural resources without the consent of its indigenous inhabitants, the Saharawis. But the groups in question -including Western Sahara Resource Watch in California-were quick to take credit for this development and pointed out that their arguments had been critically bolstered by a United Nations legal opinion on the subject issued in January 2002 by Hans Corell, the UN's chief lawyer. These NGO's, though, had barely had time to register their satisfaction with KMG's pullout when they were faced, only a fortnight later, with the approval by the European Parliament of a four-year, euro144 million ($185 million) agreement between the European Union (EU) and Morocco to allow mainly Spanish fishermen to operate in the territorial waters of both Morocco proper and Western Sahara. Disturbingly for a continent that was home to far more pro-Saharawi organizations and activists than in North America and elsewhere, only the Swedish government opposed the deal outright (although Finland, Ireland, and The Netherlands did express reservations) and saw all its attempts to exclude Western Saharan waters from the agreement voted down. The EU-Morocco fishing agreement, which was given final approval on May 22, 2006 after the parliamentary vote a few days before, blatantly violated at least the spirit-and very probably the letter-of Hans Corell's legal opinion on Western Sahara's natural resources, was virtually certain to be challenged in court either by foreign NGO's or by the pro-independence Polisario Front, and looked likely to further chill an already highly polarized debate over the future of the territory. Hans Corell himself, in an interview immediately after the ratification of the pact, said "I can hardly believe that such an agreement will contribute to finding a good solution of (the Western Sahara) question," and went on to say that he agreed with Sweden's protests. With the fate of Western Sahara's natural resources the subject of intense interest since 2001 and with the Polisario Front's stepping into the fray on March 17, 2006 when it announced the licensing of several companies to conduct their own petroleum surveys on behalf of Polisario's Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), the subject demands detailed and sophisticated treatment. But despite a few bright spots (mainly in the form of a single thoughtful essay and a reproduction of Hans Corell's UN legal analysis), this publication by the Nordic Africa Institute is not only sparse physically but also substantively, as it allows most of its contributors to consume valuable space either restating official Swedish policy on Western Sahara or dealing with general matters of selfdetermination which do not afford the reader an up-to-date understanding of the natural resources problem. The first essay in the collection, by the Portuguese lawyer Pedro Pinto Leite, is, for all its shortcomings, an ingenious attempt to meld the Western Sahara question with that of East Timor, a former colony of Lisbon's that achieved independence in 2002 after a quarter-century of brutal occupation by Indonesia. …


The Laboratory of molecular biology and clinical biochemistry was established with the foundation of Scientific Production Center (SPC) for the study of prion infections in 2001. SPC for the study of prion infections was founded by orders of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences and the State Department of Veterinary Medicine of Ukraine. Scientists of the laboratory provide scientific support of the livestock products production based on studies of animal metabolism peculiarities according to the norms and internal pathology, study of the mechanisms of prion infection development, biological aspects and application of cell culture techniques in new veterinary drug discovery, development of nanocarriers with adjuvant properties, physiological and biochemical processes in semen. The conducted researches allow an improvement of the production profitability, livestock safety, reproductive capacity and live weight gain. For the reduction of the cost of livestock production the laboratory offers advanced diagnostic tests, effective measures for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases of high yielding cows, new generation tools for the development of vaccines and drugs, methods of treatment and prevention of BSE, methods for assessing and normalizing metabolic processes in ejaculate to increase the fertility of sperm.


The Gene Ontology (GO) is the major resource of annotations for genes and proteins. Despite the presence of large efforts to avoid errors and inconsistencies, some unreliabilities are still present. In particular electronically inferred annotations are more unreliable than manual ones and their number is growing. Thus, the need for an accurate evaluation of annotations in an automatic way arises. In the past, some approaches for improving annotation consistencies have been proposed using association rule mining to discover hidden relationships among GO terms. However such approaches consider all the GO terms equally, while GO terms have different Information Content, i.e. different relevance. Consequently we designed a novel algorithm, (GO-WAR), Mining Weighted Association Rules from GO, that is based on the extraction of weighted association rules considering the IC of terms. We evaluated our algorithm considering seven different species and all the GO ontologies. In all the experiments GO-WAR outperformed state of the art approaches.


In Britain I have had many occasions to speak at public Inquiries, nearly always against some proposal to build a new road in some locality I Uve in or like. I have often had thoughts about how very bad the British system is, and how much better these question are considered and decided elsewhere, and in thinking about the matter have been led to ponder the nature of the decision being reached, and the proper principles which ought to govern the decision procedure. Roads are immensely popular with all those who do not Uve near them. Motorists want to get from A to as quickly and conveniently as possible, and are impatient. Twenty seconds at a red light is a vexation, and a minute's delay is intolerable. In a modern car motorists are shielded both from the sound of their engines and from the smell of their exhausts. As I drove along the M25 on my way to Gatwick, I was able to appreciate the rural beauty of Surrey: but I did not smell my own exhaust, and discounted the noise I made. In consequence motorists have little conception of the pollution they cause in their passage from A to B, and for that reason, quite apart from the selfishness that is a pervasive feature of the human condition, little concern for the people who live along their route. Motorists are also the most articulate part of the population, who have much more money and clout than those who are motored against. There is thus strong electoral support for road-building, and the Department of Transport can count on getting Parliament to override even its own enactments designed to protect National Parks if it wants to put a road through them. But roads are equally unpopular locally. Nobody likes having a traffic sewer through his front garden. They are much more disruptive than a real sewage works because they are noisy as well as smelly, and dangerous to children and livestock. They are also more continuously disturbing than a railway, and more obtrusive than a nuclear power station. Only an airport arouses comparable local opposition.


Interim Drug Driving Blood Testing Arrangements in NSW Emergency Departments , The purpose of this Information Bulletin is to advise Area Health Service employees of changes to hospital obligations and procedures when taking blood samples from uninjured arrested drivers under the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) 1999 Act. This Information Bulletin does not change procedures to be followed when taking blood samples for traffic matters other than to amend the manner in which information is recorded on the Blood Sampling for Drug Certificate by Police Officers. All other procedures detailed in the policy Blood Alcohol Sampling by Hospital Staff (PD2005_495) still apply to the actual taking of blood samples.


With the approach of times of knowledge economy,tangible capital mainly evolves into intangible capital.Notions such as human capital,cultural capital as well as social capital emerge along with the time.Thus,analyzing the core elements of human capital is of great significance.At the same time,Enterprise organizations present diversified forms,one of which is network organization-a free organization form with capabilities of self-survival and self-evolution.Network organization is able to adapt to more and more complicated interactions.With this kind of organization,man will bid farewell to the ages of command and control and welcome a new age when man can exert his imagination and creativeness fully.


Three techniques were considered for reducing the RF (radiofrequency) power deposition in the body while main- taining scan time efficiency: reducing the RF peak amplitude while increasing the pulse width, substituting gradient echoes for spin echoes, and reducing the flip angle of the phase reversal pulse. The use of gradient echoes was found to be the most efficient means to reduce the power delivered to the patient and to obtain rapid data acquisition. The effect upon SAR (specific absorption rate) and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) was demonstrated on a phantom when the phase reversal pulse was reduced from the standard 180" to 90". Data in the body indi-cated a fairly constant SNR down to a refocusing flip angle between 110" and 135". An initial clinical evaluation was performed at three institutions using the method of reducing the flip angle of the phase reversal pulse. The scan with 8 = 120" was rated by readers in a blinded study as having acceptable diagnostic image quality while the 135" scan had comparable image quality to a conventional 90"-180" pulse sequence. The use of reduced phase reversal pulses was seen as an efficient protocol to obtain Tt-weighted images at rapid data rates while reducing the power delivered to the body by about 40%.


Text introduce content and method of archives information managementm, and take expatiate for archives information management system and detail operation method during project constructing and maintaining period.


In this paper is shown an application of Clifford algebras to the construction of computationally universal sets of quantum gates for n-qubit systems. It is based on the well-known application of Lie algebras together with the especially simple commutation law for Clifford algebras, which states that all basic elements either commute or anticommute.


Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common agerelatedneurodegenerative diseases, affecting 1%of thepopulationolder than60years of age and0.3%of the general population. It is a chronic, progressive disorderwhose spectrumof clinical features canaffect an individual formore than40years of his or her natural life span. Idiopathic PD is clinically and pathologically aheterogeneousdisorder that is variable inprogression and phenotypic expression. Withnoknownbiomarker fordiseasediagnosisorprogression, clinicians and scientists have long recognized the importance of classifying patterns of PD into distinct subtypes in order to identify features that influence rate of progression and response to interventionsand that correlatewithneural and biochemical substratesofdisease pathogenesis. To that end,HoehnandYahr in their landmark studyof 1967mayhave been among the earliest clinical scientists to recognize the heterogeneity of PD by describing that "the clinical picture of one may be dominated by tremor, of another by rigidity or akinesia,"1(p433) andsubsequentlydevelopedascale to ratehow symptomsof PDprogress.Disability stagingby theHoehnand Yahrscalecontinues tobeuseduniversally in ratingdiseaseand progressionas it relates towalkingandpostural stability.1More recently, the global Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (with its subscales that assessmentation,mood andbehavior, activities of daily living,motor and nonmotor symptoms, and complicationsoftherapy)has introducedtheimportanceofnonmotorsymptoms in impactingqualityof life.TheMontrealCognitive Assessment, which allows for a bedside evaluation of 8 domainsof cognition,hasbeenadded to the repertoireof clinicalmeasures that informcliniciansof the functional stateof the patientwith PD. Although powerfully informative, thesemeasures, which are routinely performed by neurologists, and the standardof care formovementdisorders fall short indetermining prognosis or predicting rate of change for patientswith PD. In this issue of JAMA Neurology, Fereshtehnejad et al2 introduceanovel subtypingschemederivedfromclusteranalysis of a prospectively observed large cohort of patients with earlyPDidentifiedat theCenter forAdvancedResearch inSleep Medicine, Hopital du Sacre–Coeur deMontreal, andMontreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. To our knowledge, it is the second data-driven clinical research studywith longitudinal observation, and the first to propose a scheme in whichnonmotor symptomsare theclinicaldeterminants indefining subtypes of PD. Importantly, orthostatic hypotension (OH), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and rapid eye movementsleepbehaviordisorder (RBD)presentat initialvisitswere thedefining features for a"diffuse/malignant" subgroupofpatients with PD who had the most rapid rate of progression. Overthelastseveraldecades,differentphenotypicsubtypes havebeenproposed, largelybasedon2classificationmethods: an empirically assigned (predefined) classification scheme or adata-drivenclassificationscheme.Specificclinical featuresthat favoredhypothesis-drivenempiricalclassificationschemeswere developed fromclinical observationsof study cohorts that examinedsuchfactorsasageatsymptomonset, levodoparesponsiveness, familial history,motor symptompredominance, dementia,depression,andrateofprogression.Themostdominant clinical subtyping of PD emerged from motor subtyping into tremor-dominantvsnontremor-dominantPD(patientswithpredominant bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability and gait dysfunction [PIGD]) and indeterminate or mixed phenotypes.Thedistinctionbetweenthesephenotypicmotorsubtypes wasoften referred toasbenignvsmalignant in reference to the more rapid rate of deterioration and greater cognitive impairmentexhibitedbypatientswiththeakinetic-dominantsubtype. Current practice parameter guidelines for disease prognosis predict that older age at onset and the presence of rigidity/ hypokinesiaorPIGDas initial symptomsdescribe amore rapid rateofmotorprogressionandearly cognitivedecline,whereas thepresenceof tremor as an initial symptompredicts a slower progression and a longer response to levodopa therapy.3 Contrary to this conventional knowledge, a 2012 studybyVuet al4 proposed that tremorandPIGD-dominant subtypeswere not distinctsubtypesreflectingtheheterogeneityofPDbutweredifferent stagesof thediseaseprocess, and that tremorprogresses moreslowlythanothercardinalmotorsymptoms,whereasPIGD is less responsive to levodopa therapy. In fact, the cardinalmotor featuresofPD (including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and PIGD)progress atdifferent rates andshowvariable responsiveness to levodopatherapy,challengingthe ideathatbaselinemotor subtypeclassification is a significantpredictorofdeath,depression, or cognitive decline.4,5 Some clinician-scientists advocate that clinical subtypes derived fromempirical classification schemescreatemoredistinct groups,which are simpler to identify using readily available rating scales, while others advocate that this approach is limitedbecause thecomplexityof the features frommotor and nonmotor symptoms isnot assessed.6As a consequence, cluster analysis has become the preferred method for subtyping, mostly because it is a hypothesis-free analysis that removes the conditional bias of choosing specific criteria based on experience, thusallowingunexpectedpatterns toappearandproRelated article page 863 Opinion


Disclosed are systems and methods that use some or many factors in determining a glycemic urgency index (GUI) that can be based on measured blood glucose levels as well as other factors. Other factors include the glucose level and / or the time derived from other factors such as data entered by the user, data measured by other sensors or received from network sources, or historical data, for example. Functions can be included. The GUI is then presented to the user with a means of interest, for example via a background color or other invisible notification means on a mobile device such as a smartphone. The GUI can also be used to activate treatable warnings and alarms on the electronic device for the user. The GUI, or another index calculated from the combinations of variables and parameters described, can further be used to drive a drug delivery device such as a pump.


There are endless regulations concerning the speed and size of vehicles on our roads, but none that apply to vessels using our maritime routes, even though there is a regular increase, in step with technical advances, in both the size and speed of ships. For reasons of economy roads are narrow, and the necessity to avoid obstacles means that they have to be winding. No such considerations apply at sea; changes of direction are slight and widely spaced out, nor are there any ditches or hedges to limit the width of the routes that are used. Nevertheless, studies of maritime traffic have shown that overcrowding is becoming more and more pronounced on the busiest routes, and the present tendency to develop oneway routes is an implicit recognition of the fact that the remedies for such overcrowding on the roads and at sea have something in common. One-way traffic, for example, is derived from the Collision Regulations (Rule 25). It is worth examining what help the Regulations can give in solving problems raised by the size and speed of ships.


To explore the prospect of acute inflammatory factors as inflammation immune regulating substances in the plateau medicine research,the clinical significances and detection methods of the acute inflammatory factors of interleukin prime-1β,hypoxia-inducible factor-1,tumor necrosis factor,interferon-C and erythropoietin were systematically analyzed,so as to provide basis and strategies for pathogenesis and anti-altitude reaction of altitude disease in drug research.


(73) Assignee: ENERGIES, LARGE & (57) ABSTRACT ALTERNATIVE S.R.L., Roma (IT) The invention relates to an inexpensively-?easily-decommis sionable nuclear power plant, where a nuclear isle of one or more nuclear power-stations is installed in caverns, and fur (21) Appl. No.: 12/599.404 ther, side by side with them, a centre for characterising, treat (22) PCT Filed: May 6, 2008 ing and conditioning radioactive wastes and two repositories are installed in Suitable caverns, with a final repository being (86). PCT No.: PCT/IT2008/OOO3O6 adapted to store low-intermediate level nuclear wastes and a temporary repository being adapted to store spent fuel, high S371 (c)(1), level long-life radioactive materials and, in case, spare (2), (4) Date: Nov. 9, 2009 nuclear rods for reactor refueling.


The positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) technique has been adopted for the study of gas permeability and the penetrant-induced plasticization of polymers. The ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime parameters in fluorinated polyimides were discussed in comparison with the data from other characterization techniques for the local structure and dynamics of polymers such as solid-state C NMR, quasielastic neutron scattering(QENS), X-ray reflectivity measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In a highly plasticized state due to the sorption of propylene, the permeability and local mobility increased with the propylene pressure, and this behavior was clearly attributed to the change in the free-volume holes that could be probed by o-Ps. These results suggest that o-Ps is a powerful probe for the permeation mechanism and local dynamics in highly plasticized state of polymers.


Since 2006, new excavations of the Mesolithic-Neolithic site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges of the north-central Balkans have been under way. Excavations made across the surviving preserved portion of the site provide a unique opportunity for a re-evaluation of previous conclusions about the stratigraphy, chronology and the character of occupation at this classic site of the Lepenski Vir culture. Our revision work is contributing to new knowledge about formation processes at the site, its absolute dating, complex interplay of different mortuary practices and the nature of Mesolithic-Neolithic transformation in the region as a whole. Some aspects of these research efforts are presented in the paper.


Forthcoming Composition Identity Abstract The connection between whole and part is intimate: not only can we share the same space, but I'm incapable of leaving my parts behind; settle the non-mereological facts and you thereby settle what is a part of what; wholes don't seem to be an additional ontological commitment over their parts. Composition as identity promises to explain this intimacy. But it threatens to make the connection too intimate, for surely the parts could have made a different whole and the whole have had different parts. In this paper I attempt to offer an account of parthood that is intimate enough but not too intimate: the parts generate the whole, but they are not themselves the whole.


Strong genetic evidence supports involvement of adenosine triphosphate binding‐cassette transporter subfamily A member 7 (ABCA7) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. ABCA7 closely resembles ABCA1, a cholesterol transporter, in structure. However, molecular specificity of ABCA7‐mediated lipid transport and the role of this protein in AD pathophysiology are understood incompletely. We advance the hypothesis that ABCA7 protects against AD development by removing neurodegenerative lipid from the brain.


Summary Complete heart block complicating an acute myocardial infarction frequently follows lesions of the diaphragmatic wall. This arrhythmia is a temporary phenomenon. It subsides by a stepwise decrease in the magnitude of the A-V block, from complete heart block to second heart block in some patients and then to first degree A-V block and finally to normal A-V conduction. No permanency of the heart block was observed in our patients. The rich vascular anastomosis in the region of the A-V node is responsible for restoring the normal conduction to the A-V node. The effectiveness of therapeutic drugs is difficult to assess because of the transient nature of the arrhythmia.


Letter from Eric Roper to Barbara Jordan confirming a speech at Rochedale Village. The letter describes the audience, including members of the local and federal government.


This project began with the question, "What if the feeling of being in or close to nature could be sensed within indoors but without the presence of other living beings?" Ivy Curtain is a robotic design proposal that promotes better mental health for indoor residents by simulating the natural behaviors of vegetation. The plant-robot's organic movement generates the rustling sounds of leaves and changes its colors, just as real plants do. Thus, Ivy Curtain functions as an "alternative-plant" robot that moves in unexpected directions, changing its shapes according to both a user's physical interaction and its surrounding temperature.


The short sick-leave and its proper lenght of time is one of the most controversial issues of this benefit. On one hand, it was created to guarantee a good worker protection but, on the other hand, it must try to meet the deadlines established by the current legislation. However, and despite of this statement of good intent, after the legislative reforms which have taken place since 2005 to 2014, the Spanish legislator has restricted, even more, the requirements to access to the protection provided by the Seguridad Social (Spanish National Health Service) benefits. Seguridad Social was originally meant to shelter workers from difficult situations and, nevertheless, the temporary disability period has been shortened, dramaticaly affecting critical aspects as different stays or relapse processes. All these reforms are an obvious effort the legislator is carrying out to protect the benefit against what he fears the most, the fraud. Instead of seeking the protection of workers when they need it, the legislator insists once and again on cutting the duration of short sick-leave benefit or taking away competences from medical professionals to hand over them to several hired agencies to act as liason with the Seguridad Social.


The first CW single-crystal Fe:ZnSe laser optically pumped by Er:ZBLAN fiber laser with an output power of 2.1 W is reported. Temperature-dependent spectral characteristics and tuning (3.8-5.1 μm) are investigated.


This paper presents an application of artificial neural networks (ANN) in support of a decision-making process by power system operators directed towards the fast stabilisation of multi-machine systems. The proposed approach considers generator shedding as the most effective discrete supplementary control for improving the dynamic performance of faulted power systems and preventing instabilities. The sensitivity of the transient energy function (TEF) with respect to changes in the amount of dropped generation is used during the training phase of ANNs to assess the critical amount of generator shedding required to prevent the loss of synchronism. The learning capabilities of neural nets are used to establish complex mappings between fault information and the amount of generation to be shed, suggesting it as the control signal to the power system operator.


Introduction: Patients with AML and MDS who are age 60 or above represent a discrete group of patients with a different disease biology compared to younger patients. These patients are often not offered allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) as a curative intent because of concern of increased nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and poor overall survival (OS). Hence, the information on transplant outcomes among this population is very limited. Recently with the use of better supportive care measures and reduced intensity preparative regimens, patients greater than 60 are often recommended to proceed to transplant. This study evaluates our single center experience of allogeneic transplantation in patients with MDS and AML aged 60 and older. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 60 years or older consecutive patients with AML and MDS who underwent allogeneic HSCT between January 2005 and December 2014. The primary objectives of our study were to determine NRM, relapse, relapse free survival (RFS) and OS at 1 year following transplant. The secondary objectives were to estimate cumulative incidence of acute (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at 1 year, length of stay and readmission rate in the first 100 days following transplant. Results: Between January 2005 and December 2014, 159 patients underwent allogeneic HSCT with the median age of 64 (range, 60-75) years and median follow-up duration for OS of 3.34 (95% CI, 2.51-3.87) years. Increasing number of patients were transplanted in recent years, i.e., 67% patients between 2010-2014 compared to 33% between 2005-2009. One hundred three patients (65%) had AML and 56 patients (35%) had MDS. Forty-nine patients (31%) received full intensity regimen and 110 patients (69%) received reduced intensity regimen. Fifty-two patients (33%) underwent allogeneic related transplant and 107 patients (67%) had allogeneic unrelated transplant. Thymoglobulin based GVHD prophylaxis was given in 77 patients (48%) whereas non-thymoglobulin based GVHD prophylaxis was given in 82 patients (52%). The median day to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 11 (range, 7-22) days and 16 (range, 0-675) days, respectively. Graft failure occurred in 3 patients. At 1-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was 39.7% (95% CI, 32.0-47.2%), grade III-IV aGVHD was 20.8% (95% CI, 14.9-27.5%) and cGVHD was 54.1% (95% CI, 46.0-61.5%). The cumulative incidence of chronic extensive GVHD was 39.8% (95% CI, 32.1-47.4%). Blood stream infection, cytomegalovirus reactivation, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, C. difficile diarrhea occurred in 44%, 35%, 22% and 26% of patients, respectively. At 1-year follow-up, NRM was 25.3% (95% CI, 18.8-32.3%), RFS was 53.3% (95% CI, 46.1-61.7%), relapse rate was 21.4% (95% CI, 15.4-28.1%) and OS was 56.4% (95% CI, 49.2-54.7%). The median day of hospitalization following transplant was 26 (range, 19-112) days and almost half (52%) of patients were readmitted in the first 100 days following transplant. Leukemia recurrence was the most common cause of death. Multivariable analysis demonstrated high disease risk index to be the independent predictor of poor RFS, OS and higher relapse rate (p Conclusion: Our results indicate that allogeneic HSCT is well tolerated and had acceptable NRM, and OS among this group. Hence, older age alone should not be considered a contraindication to HSCT. Disclosures Deol: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.


Abstract : This report presents a new method for measuring the electron density and collision frequency of plasmas. This diagnostic technique which is applicable to low as well as high density plasmas, minimizes the usual field problems associated with microwave plasma diagnostic schemes. The effect of plasma non-uniformity on this technique has been calculated. Spectrographic measurements and thermodynamic partition function calculations were found to be consistent with the plasma parameters measured with the present technique. (Author)


Social security system is not only a propeller for economic development but a stabilizer for social harmony. With the adjustment of China's socialist market economy system, the social security system should be further perfected. The stability of the society, a long and peaceful reign of the country and promotion of the construction of a harmonious society can only be ensured by making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, standardizing operation and perfecting social security system.


This study was conducted to examine whether there is a relationship between exercise addiction and childhood traumas. Sociodemographic Information Form, Exercise Addiction Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) prepared by the researcher were applied to the participants in the study. For the study, 3747 male and female volunteers completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory. Among these volunteers, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was administered to 1756 people, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence to 1076 people, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to 935 people. In the analysis, it was seen that there was no relationship between exercise addiction and childhood traumas. In addition, when exercise addiction and different sociodemographic characteristics were examined together, the addiction scores of the participants who were male, young, had a lower income level, were single, had a lower education level, and used alcohol and reported harmful alcohol use were found to be significantly higher. Addiction status did not differ significantly according to BMI, smoking and smoking addiction, place of residence, history of psychiatric treatment.


reflected in the boy's love literature Sirui Liu1, a 1The Experimental High School Attached to the BNU a firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The main purpose of this study is to explore the psychological motivation of women reading boy's love literature, so as to explore the core reasons for women's reading of boy's love literature. This study emphasizes the importance of women's subconscious motivation. The research methods is interviewing deeply studying the motivations of women's reading. Ten participants participated in the interview. The participants came from various cities in China. Through the interview, the author interpretates types of works they like and their psychological experience of reading boy's love literature, and analyzes their motivation of reading. At the same time, this study analyzes the two classic novels in a certain website broken jade and global Gaokao, and finds out the reasons why they are so popular and their characteristics of attracting readers. Through the analysis of boy's love literature and interviews, the author found that women satisfied their psychological demands for pure love, equality and novelty by reading Boy's Love Literature.


In this study, the STR system HumF13B polymorphism and forensic efficiency values were investigated in a population sample from the Cukurova region. The F13B phenotypes were analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) following a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were visualised by silver staining. Allele frequencies were calculated by the gene counting method. Forensic efficiency values were estimated using the obtained gene frequencies of F13B. In this population sample, a total of five alleles, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of F13B, were observed. The calculated frequencies of these alleles were as follows: 6=0.0910; 7=0.0045; 8=0.3273; 9=0.2045; 10=0.3727. In the Cukurova region, the forensic efficiency values H-obs, MEC, pM and pD of F13B locus were estimated to be 0.69092, 0.44507, 0.14032 and 0.85968 respectively. According to these values, the HumF13B STR locus may be useful in criminal and paternity cases in the Cukurova region.


The present study compared a group of 25 young adults with ADHD to 23 young adults drawn from the community equated for age (Mean = 25 yrs.) and educational level (Mean 13 yrs.) using a structured psychiatric interview (non-blinded), self-report ratings of psychological distress, and psychological tests of inattention, impulsive responding, working memory, verbal fluency, sense of time, and creativity. Most measures of prior educational and occupational adjustment did not differentiate the young adults with ADHD from the control group. However, those with ADHD reported having experienced more symptoms of both ADHD and opposition al defiant disorder on their jobs as well as in college than control subjects. ADHD adults also were found to have had shorter durations of employment in their full-time jobs than adults in the control group. The young adults with ADHD rated themselves as having greater psychological distress and maladjustment on all scales of the SCL-90-R and reported committing more antisocial acts, particularly involving thefts and disorderly conduct, than the control group. As a result they had been arrested more often than young adults in the control group. The groups did not differ, however, in other types of criminal activity nor in the types and frequency of legal and illegal substances they used. On psychological testing, the ADHD group had significantly poorer response inhibition and sustained attention on a continuous performance test. They were also poorer on tasks of verbal and nonverbal working memory. No significant group differences were found, however, in accuracy of time estimations or productions, verbal fluency, or creativity. It appears that the psychiatric and psychological difficulties found in young adults with ADHD are qualitatively similar to those seen in children with the disorder.


The flowering process of Petunia hybrida was divided into five phases:former differentiation stage(without flower bud),forming stage for sepal and flower bud,forming stage for pistil and stamen,mafure for ovary and anther and anthesis.The petunias with three kinds of colors were chosen,i.e.,pink color,variegated color and red color.During the second phase,the contents of nucleic acid for the three kinds of flowers rose remarkably.During the 4~(th) phase,another peak of the contents of nucleic acid occurred for the pink petunia.The specific activity of DNase in the pink and variegated flowers exhibited the tendency of lowering;and the specific activity of the pink flowers had a peak during the 2~(nd) phase.During the 3~(rd) phase,the specific activity of RNase of the red and variegated flowers appeared a peak;while the pink flowers had a peak in terms of RNase,during the 2~(nd) phase and the 4~(th) phase.The contents of chlorophyll were all lowered for the three kinds of flowers and rose in the 3~(rd) phase and the 5~(th) phase.


This paper gives a nonlinear seismic response analysis method of reinforced concrete core-tube, which is key lateral-force-resisting member of the steel-concrete hybrid structures. In this method, two key problems are solved. The one is to determine the reasonable nonlinear analysis model of concrete core-tube, and the other one is to select the nonlinear hysteretic model that can reflect true behavior of core-tube. At last, the corresponding analysis program is compiled on the basis of the large special computer program DRAIN-2D. And the program is proved to be reliable and effective by an example. The method in this paper can be used in steel-concrete core-tube structures and reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structures, and can be extended to use in reinforced concrete core structures and tube in tube structures.


A fixed point theorem for actions of toral and finite p-groups is obtained for finite simplicial complexes satisfying certain conditions on their fundamental groups and their universal covering spaces. Examples are constructed relating this result to other well-known results. 1. Introduction. Fixed point theorems have long been regarded as a very important part of the theory of group actions. Most fixed point theorems for general spaces derive from the Smith theory which is homological in nature. In this note we shall show, for finite simplicial complexes, how a fundamental group which is a nontrivial free product forces the existence of fixed points for toral and p-group actions. The role of the fundamental group in the study of group actions on manifolds and nice topological spaces has become increasingly important. Of course, it is crucial for aspherical manifolds because their homotopy type is determined solely by the fundamental group. For example, if M is a closed aspherical manifold and G is a compact Lie group of homeomorphisms, then: 1. G is a A:-torus where k < r = rank of center trx(M), if G is connected (C-R-2). 2. In particular, if r — 0, G is finite (C-R-2). 3. If r — 0, the torsion of the outer automorphism group of <nx(M) is trivial, then G itself must be trivial (C-R-l). These results have been generalized and extended in many directions by various authors: R. Schultz, S. Schwartzman, M. C. and H. T. Ku, Asadi-Burghelea, W. Browder and W. C. Hsiang, R. Schoen and S. T. Yau, and K. B. Lee to name just several. The fundamental groups of closed aspherical manifolds are indecomposable while those of connected sums are free products. Connected sums usually destroy aspheri- city and the fundamental group no longer dictates the topology of the sum. However, connected sums and free products still play a significant role, for example, in showing that in each arbitrary bordism class one may find closed manifolds without circle actions (C-R-3, 3.7), in E. Bloomberg's construction of closed non- aspherical 4-manifolds which admit no finite group actions (B), and in R. Schultz' study of hypertoral actions (S).


Combining ability study on grain yield, various yield components and selected grain quality traits of 9 x 9 diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals) indicated predominance of additive gene action for all the traits except plant height, net-assimilation rate, biological yield, harvest index and protein content (%). The parent HPR2047, VL93–3613, JD8, VL93–6052 and HPR1164 were good general combiners for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters. On the basis of specific combining ability effects, the cross combinations HPR2047x JD8, China 988 x VL91–1754, HPR1164xVLDhan221 and HPR1164x HPR2047 are having high grain yield plant−1 and grain quality traits. These crosses and are suggested for isolation of high yielding transgresive segregants through pedigree method.


(a ) Ut'ricule otolith and macula (fig. 8) . ( b ) Saccule otolith (fig. 2). (c) Lagena otolith and macula (not in mammals, with the exception of the monotremata). The lagena disappears in the evolution as soon as the cochlea is fully developed. ( d ) Crista quarta (or macula neglecta). This sense-organ too is lacking in most mammals, with the exception of the mole and the squirrel. ( e ) The semicircular canal system with its cupulae and cristae (fig. 3).


Microstructure cuprous oxide (Cu2O) films were synthesized by an electrodeposition process with variation in duration of electrodeposition of 1000s, 3000s, 5000s, 7000s and 10000s. The electrodeposition process was carried out at −0.55V (vs Ag/AgCl). From emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), compact and denser of Cu2O microcubics was obtained as the durations of electrodeposition increase. Ultraviolet (UV) sensing performance was carried by using the UV lamp simulator and all samples were tested under UV illumination and dark condition for several cycles. The Cu2O layer with denser and higher thickness can be an advantage to perform fast response time and recovery time on Ultraviolet (UV) sensor. Negative bias tested on p-type metal oxide showed a better performance than positive bias tested on p-type metal oxide in the repeatability, sensitivity, resistance.


This study aimed to examine whether the institutions that have been involved in the development of agriculture in rural areas, how a given role in increasing the income of farming communities, examines what happens during weaknesses, as well as assess any institution that still need to be developed and formulated the institutional empowerment strategy in reinforcing the achievement of agricultural development in rural areas. Data was analyzed by descriptive and SWOT Model. The analysis showed that the institutions involved in agricultural development are: cooperatives , subak , development and educational institutions. The strength factors of the institution is a trust and a sense of belonging by farmer members, while a weakness is the lack of capital. The opportunity is to market the production for the cooperatives , while the threat is, the rise in prices, competitors such as financial institutions that can provide shuttle servise to farmers.


The optoelectronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbon alloys (a‐SiC:H) are studied over the entire compositional range of carbon content. The films are prepared using radio‐frequency glow discharge and optimization was made with respect to deposition power and pressure, hydrogen dilution, and methane (or ethylene) ‐to‐silane gas phase ratio. Regardless of the deposition conditions and source gases used, the optical, structural, and transport properties of the a‐SiC:H alloys followed simple universal dependencies related to changes in the density of states associated with their structural disorder. The Urbach tail energy Eu and the B factor of the Tauc plot correlate with E04 (defined as the energy at which the absorption coefficient is equal to 104 cm−1) taken from photothermal deflection spectroscopy measurements. Up to E04pds≊2.6 eV, Eu increases monotonically from 50 up to ≊200 meV, while the B factor decreases from ≊800 down to ≊200 cm−1/2 eV−1/2. Above E04pds≊2.6 eV, both Eu and B re...


Rock‐dwelling, endolithic micro‐organisms can create tubular microcavities (TMCs) by the dissolution of rock substrates. Microtunnels can also conceivably be formed by abiotic processes, and collectively, these structures are here termed tubular microcavities. A textural record of life in subseafloor environments is provided by biological TMCs, and it is imperative to distinguish these from abiological tunnels. To this end, the morphologies and petrographic context of tunnels formed by chemical solution, physical abrasion, and biological processes are here described. Biological TMCs in volcanic glass are restricted to sites that were connected to early fluid circulation. Their shapes, distribution, and the absence of intersections exclude an origin by chemical dissolution of pre‐existing heterogeneities such as, radiation damage trails, gas‐escape structures, or fluid inclusion trails. Rather their characteristics are best explained by microbial dissolution, involving perhaps, cellular extensions that provide a mechanism of localizing and directing microtunnel formation as observed in terrestrial soils. Biological TMCs are contrasted with ambient inclusion trails (AITs) found in cherts and authigenic minerals. These differ in exhibiting longitudinal striae, a constant diameter, and polygonal cross‐section, sometimes with terminal inclusions. The origin(s) of AITs remain unclear but they are hypothesized to form by migration of crystalline or organic inclusions in sealed substrates, in contrast to biotic TMCs that form in open systems. We present diagnostic morphological and petrographic criteria for distinguishing these different types of TMCs. Moreover, we argue that AIT‐type processes are not viable in volcanic glass because of the absence of crystalline millstones, localized chemical solution agents, and elevated fluid pressures, necessary to drive this process.


Separation of production from provision is the prerequisite for efficiency in the educational service which is supported by public resources. There is a continuum of institutional arrangements between production arranged by the market and production organized by government. A wide diversity of institutional arrangements is an absolute necessity to the efficiency of given resources as well as to a sufficient flow of resources into this sector. Therefore, state monopoly of the educational service should be broken. In other words, an institutional provision-and-production structure characterized by evolution is a reliable solution to the problems in quantity, efficiency, response and justice of the educational service.


The equations of motion for an automated guide-way transit(AGT) system running on a path with roughness have been derived to investigate dynamic responses and wheel loads of moving vehicles of the AGT system. A vehicle of the AGT system is idealized as three-dimensional model with 11 degree-of-freedom. The computer program is developed to solve the dynamic equations, and anlatical results are verified by comparing the results with experimental oness. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the dynamic responses of an AGT vehicle according to vehicle speeds, surface roughness, damping and stiffness of suspension systems. The parametric study demonstrates that amplitudes of dynamic responses and the wheel loads have a tendency to increase according to travel speeds, the stiffness of suspension system and surface roughness. On the other hand. those amplitudes tend to decrease according to increase of damping of the suspension system.


The aim of this study was the selection of appropriate supplements for the probiotic whey-based beverage production by Lactobacillus johnsonii NRRL B-2178. The analysis of the main effects and their interactions was performed by using a fractional factorial experimental design through a small number of experiments. After 8h of fermentation of the reconstituted whey, enriched by investigated supplements, a cell number achieved in the probiotic whey-based beverage was determined. By using a statistical analysis, the amount of supplements which are necessary to obtain the maximal number of viable cells in the beverage was also determined. Based on the obtained results, among all nitrogen sources the yeast extract in the concentration of 1,5 % achieves the most significant influence on the Lactobacillus johnsonii NRRL B-2178 growth. As the sources of vitamins and minerals, piridoxal and ZnSO4 has the most significant influence on the number of cells at concentrations of 0,001 % and 0,3 %, respectively. By examining the three groups supplements, the largest number of cells approximately 8,80 log(CFU/mL) can be obtained by using the maximum amount of the yeast extract.


Revolutionary morality is an epochal result of recent Chinese social change. Its growth and development are an unprecedented revolution in the moral field, which marks the end of the feudal moral principle system and opens a new stage in the development of Chinese moral principle; thus it has the indelible epoch-making meaning.


Frequencies of occurrence and structure of urogenital and viral infection in women with sporadic and habitual pregnancy miscarriage are investigated. The comparative analysis of the received results is carried out depending on frequency rate of spontaneous abortions. It is shown, that there are no authentic distinctions of frequency of bacterial-viral infections in the compared subgroups. The assumption is made that it is useful to recommend all women irrespectively of the frequency of spontaneous abortions rate to undergo obligatory test for the presence of the bacterial-viral agent.


Publius Papinius Statius was one of the most important poets of the Flavian Age. His works (Thebais, Silvae and unfinished Achilleis) became the object of great interest of scholars. One of the issues of Statian poetry that was so far ignored by scholars was its image of the East and Easterners. Among them the Iranian world (first of all Parthian empire) is the one that deserves special interest because of the importance of relations between Rome and Parthia as well as the old literary tradition concerning Persia, Parthia etc. Although this matter is of marginal importance in Statius, there are a lot of references to Iranian themes in Thebais and Silvae. Some of them are connected with military and political relations with Rome (esp. the Armenian War in the times of Nero), while some refer to ethnographic tradition and traditional image of Achaemenid Persia. In these passages we can find great influence of Augustan poets, Horace in particular.


30 to 40 atomic% of the metal, 2 to 10 atomic% of nitrogen, from 35 to 50 atomic% oxygen, and phosphorus (P), boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), sulfur (S), and constituted by at least one element selected from the group comprising aluminum (Al), balance essentially to 100%, cathode sputtering target. The method of manufacturing a thin film from the target, as well as electrochemical device including the thin film.


In article is offered the reducing method of the polymers flow curves, not invariant concerning hydraulic radius of the channel, to an invariant kind, for use possibility the viscosimetry data is offered at calculations of not round channels, by high density polyethylene example


RT to the lymphatics of the neck is an essential component in squamous cell cancers of the head and neck (SCCHN). Radiation induced mouth dryness, thickening of saliva and taste alteration affects nutrition and performance status of the patients. Protection of parotid glands from radiation is an important task during RT planning. Contemporary methods such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ease the protection of parotid glands. Most of the recurrences are seen close to the spared deep lobe of parotid glands. Exclusion of the deep lobes for sparing with dosimetric analysis has not been studied in the literature. In this study, we evaluated treatment plannings of 13 patients with SCCHN. As a dosimetric analysis, we compared the applied IMRT and the virtual IMRT without delineation of deep lobe of parotid glands. The dose for lymphatic region was prescribed as 50-54 Gy. Superficial and/or deep lobe of parotid gland was constrained as 26 Gy. Without definition of deep lobe, the radiation for dose lymphatic region planning target volume (PTV) was achieved without any dose change in the primary or high risk regions. With definition of deep lobe, the mean dose of lymphatic region PTV (not less than 95%) decreased by 5.8% (2.9-3.1 Gy). In conclusion, exclusion of sparing of deep lobe of parotid gland prevents decrease of radiation dose in the lymphatic region. It would be a treatment rationale to avoid the dose drop in the metastatic side of the neck region or the site of high risk for recurrence next to the parotid gland.


Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of color Doppler ulrtrasound and mammography in different stages(T1~T3) of breast cancer.Method 110 breast cancer lesions in T1~T3 stages proved by pathology after operation were collected,and compared with the diagnostic results of color Doppler ulrtrasound and mammography before operation.Result The diagnostic value of color Doppler ulrtrasound and mammography of breast cancer was high and there were no significant differeneces in breast cancer dignosis between them.Conclusion Both color Doppler ulrtrasound and mammography have high diagnostic value for breast cancer.


This paper mainly discusses the theory of happiness of the teachers, and propose some relevant counter measures from these two aspects of interpersonal and emotional.This paper mainly uses the goal theory, the theory of social comparison, the adaptation and coping theory. And this paper put forward two counter measures:creating a relaxed and harmonious interpersonal environment to meet the need for esteem. Building the emotional platform. To meet the needs of belongingness and love.


An effective tissue culture is an indispensable basis for the production of transgenic plants. In this study, we investigated the induction of embryogenic callus production from the scutellum of spring wheat and subsequent regeneration of plants. Twenty-two Argentine spring wheat varieties from three breeders were screened to select promising genotypes for the optimization of the procedure. Experimental variables were the developmental stage of the immature embryos and the concentration of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Two developmental stages, termed H and W, respectively (according to He et al., 1986), were selected, and their performance in culture media containing high and low concentrations of 2,4-D was examined. Parameters for the screening were: callus induction, callus proliferation on the scutellum, precocious germination of the immature embryo (as negative trait), regeneration and shoot formation and total efficiency of the in vitro culture. The best results were achieved with a combination of developmental stage H and a low concentration of 2,4-D. Scutellar callus induction and callus proliferation on the scutellum surface were positively correlated. However, scutellar callus induction, regeneration and number of shoots were independent of each other. Considerable genotype differences were found in the suitability of the varieties investigated for spring wheat propagation via in vitro culture. The cultivar Klein Brujo exhibited the highest overall culture efficiency (84.4 %) related to the number of immature embryos used and the number of plants regenerated from one embryo (9.5).


In the July number of the Gazette Mr. E. G. Phillips says: "Frequently it happens that students whose early training has been on the lines of many of the existing elementary text-books on the Differential Calculus come up to the University never even having heard of a differential! It would be of the greatest possible assistance to those responsible for the later teaching of the Calculus if the schoolmasters taught the subject from the differential standpoint right from the start". I have the very greatest hesitation in subscribing to this latter statement.


Objective:To explore the expression of BDNF and trkB in rat prefrontal cortex during adolescent.Methods Postnatal 15day,35day,75day rat(very group six)were sacrificed for this experiment(postnatal 35 day rat as adolescent rat),The expression of BDNF and trkB in prefrontal cortex were detected by ABC immunohistochemical method and image analysis system. Results In prefrontal cortex the BDNF and trkB immunoreactive product of postnatal 35 day rat was most highly than other groups and the mean optical density of BDNF and trkB immunoreactive positive product was also significant highly than other groups(p0.05).Conclusion The expression of BDNF and trkB in adolescent rat prefrontal was most highly,it suggest that in this term the requirement of BDNF in prefrontal cortex was most than other term.


Design equations were derived from standing wave analysis for continuous moving bed (CMB) and simulated moving bed (SMB) systems with nonlinear isotherms. Simple wave solutions and hodograph plots from batch elution experiments can be used to derive the optimal operation conditions for SMB systems without mass-transfer effects. The design equations are tested with results from computer simulations and experimental data from two pilot-scale SMB units for the separation of fructose from glucose. Batch equilibrium tests of single component and binary solutions are used to estimate adsorption isotherm parameters. Overall mass-transfer and axial dispersion coefficients are estimated from eight sets of pulse, frontal and elution data at different concentrations and flow rates. The isotherm and mass-transfer parameters are used in the standing wave analysis to determine the zone flow rates and switching times for the two SMB units. Experimental column profiles, product purities, and product concentrations agree closely with simulation results. This method gives robust operation conditions for SMB systems with nonlinear isotherms, and optimal cycle time and zone flow rates for nonlinear systems without mass-transfer effects can be determined from the standing wave analysis.


Let four PGA TOUR Pros show you how to putt more effectively and accurately. PGA TOUR pros Lee Janzen, Dave Stockton, Jim Furyk and Rocco Mediate guide you on your journey to better putting, showing you the secrets they use to shave strokes off their score and keep those scores down there where they should be. 541 full-colour photographs set this book apart from other golf books and make the difference. You see everything laid out step-by-step, helping you analyse and improve each element of your own stroke.


This signing statement by Governor Nikki Haley explains that she signed into law S.692, R-37, a bill which merges the Richland County Election Commission and Voter Registration Board.


SUMMARY Every human being must answer the question, does God exist? If the answer is no, God does not exist, the follow-up question is, where or how will I anchor myself in life? If the answer is yes God exists, the follow-up question must be, what is God's nature? To acknowledge that God exists and not seek God's nature is to ignore that which we ourselves believe created and rules the universe. The Christian World View addresses the nature of God from a very specific perspective. It is a perspective that organizes the lives of many of our clients. In this article the author presents a non-theological summary of the Christian spiritual perspective and relates some of the main Christian beliefs to family systems thinking as well as to implications for practice.


One of the great joys of working in the Fine Arts Building for the past 19 years in that almost every day the building offers up a moveable feast of visual art on display in every conceivable space; to intrigue, amuse and on occasion , provoke us. Whether it is the atrium filled with massive cardboard sculptures, or the halls line with figure drawings and abstract prints or the stairwells (and even on occasion the washrooms) taken up with installations and the odd video display, the evidence of the skilled imaginations at work is everywhere. The culmination of this collective creativity is the annual fourth-year student exhibition in the Art Gallery. The talents of these painters, printmakers, photographers, sculptors and manipulators of the new media is self evident. It is also a testament to a very particular and special kind of education that they have received over the past four years in our school. In addition to mastering a variety of highly demanding technical skills whether in the darkroom, at the kiln, on the litho press or in front of a computer screen; these students have learned to exercise their creativity within a contest of historical awareness and cotemporary critical thinking. This has made it possible for them to make imaginative connections between their own realities here on the west coast of Newfoundland at the beginning of the 21st century, and the art and thought of other cultures, other times and other places from the most distant past to the present moment


The analysis of the equivalent electrical parameters and characteristics of high-frequency quartz resonators by means of computer models is considered, as well as the synthesis of such resonators for particular piezocomponent geometries.


【Objective】 In order to better measure lateral displacement of road,the characteristics of lateral displacement of soft soil foundation under embankment were studied.【Method】 A typical embankment was studied systemically with nonlinear finite element method,and the location of maximal lateral displacement and its measuring method were also discussed.【Result】 Comparison analysis showed that lateral displacement,which happened synchronously with vertical settlement increased rapidly,would be reduced possibly at consolidation stage with strong dry crust and thick soft soil layer.Inclinometer pipe could not measure this phenomenon conveniently due to its shortcomings,although it had been used in engineering widely.It is also shown that the location of the maximal lateral displacement was changeable at different construction stages.【Conclusion】 The technique and instrument should be improved to measure lateral displacement accurately.It is suggested that the inclinometer pipes should be placed between vertical surfaces of the toe and the middle slope of embankment.


Chemical compounds released into the air by the activities of industrial plants and emitted from many other sources, including in households (paints, waxes, cosmetics, disinfectants, plastic (PVC) flooring), may affect the envi ronment and human health. Thus, air purification is an important issue in the context of caring for the condition of the environment. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as liquids with environmentally friendly properties (non-volatile, biodegradable, non-toxic, cheap, easy to prepare) are a promising solution to this problem. This paper reviews the advances made in the application of DESs as sorbents for the purification of atmospheric and indoor air. The poten tial of DESs and their subclasses (including SUPRAmolecular Deep Eutectic Solvents, SUPRADESs) applications in air purification processes were also summarized. The authors believe that this review can be useful for future readers as a starting point for research in the field of DESs and their application in air purification.


A series of transparent nanometer structure based Er3+ doped LaF_3-SiO_2 glass-ceramics samples were prepared by sol-gel method,and the up-conversion luminescence properties and its mechanism was studied.Effect of Er~(3+)concentration on up-conversion luminescence was attained by fitting the relation dependence of upconversion luminescence intensity on LD electric work current,we found that the dates are primely consistent with that of theoretical account.Under laser diode excitation with 980nm emission,the efficient upconversion luminescence at 520,540 and 660nm were were observed respectively.And under pumping of a lower power,540nm green emission behaviors is the largest,its main luminescence process is as follows.The Er~(3+)energy at 4F7/2 excited state was relaxed a large of part to 4S3/2 state,and then electron transition from 4S3/2 to 4I15/2 state.


The use of multiple antennas at both ends of a point-to-point wireless link, called multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, promises significant improvements in terms of spectral efficiency and link reliability. A large amount of research has been focussed on the point-to-point MIMO systems in the last decade. However, its application in future generation wireless networks has not been thoroughly investigated. It is also widely believed that ad hoc networking or multi-hop cellular networks are important new concepts for future generation wireless networks, where either mobile or fixed nodes (often referred to as relays) are used to help forward the information to the desired user. In this scenario, the information is transmitted in a relay channel rather than a point-to-point channel. The potential benefit of incorporating MIMO technology into relay channels is of significant importance and an interesting topic. In this thesis we investigate MIMO techniques for relay channels. We first concentrate on the single antenna relay networks, where each node is equipped with a single antenna. In this scenario, a scheme called cooperative diversity has been widely discussed, where multiple relays are united in the network as a "virtual antenna array", to mimic a MIMO system. We propose a novel cooperative diversity scheme that can improve the spectral efficiency of the network, especially for high signal to noise ratios (SNR). We analyze the capacity bounds for such schemes and also describe a signalling method to approach this capacity bound. We then move to the multi-antenna node scenario, where each node is equipped with multiple antennas. We propose different signalling methods and routing protocols for MIMO relay channels and use capacity as a performance metric to evaluate and compare them. The proposed signalling methods can be applied together with the proposed routing schemes. Incorporating them can facilitate the cross-layer design. Finally, we discuss a network scenario where some nodes are equipped with multiple antennas, others are equipped with single antennas. We constrain ourselves to the case where the source and destination are equipped with a single antenna. We characterize the capacity performance and the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of such a network. We show that relaying can offer a significant performance advantage over non-relay transmission in certain scenarios, by applying signal combining techniques for the point-to-point MIMO link into relay channels.


The rise of Khomeini and the events of 9/11 motivated two waves of intellectual
thought devoted to explaining the emergence of the more radical and militant
strains of political Islam. This paper takes an innovative approach to this
intellectual tradition by utilizing charismatic leadership theory to understand the
emergence and role of charismatic leaders in the evolutionary development of
the modern Islamist movement. The study of charismatic leadership, rather than
focusing exclusively upon the individual leader, is primarily concerned with
understanding the merger of social, cultural, historical, psychological and
ideological dynamics which create a context conducive for the emergence of the
charismatic leader-follower relationship. Consequently, this paper will offer
critical insights into the phenomenon of Islamic radicalism and militancy itself.
This paper identifies a chain of charismatic leaders stretching across the entire
chronology of the modern Islamist movement, from Jamal al-Afghani of the
1800s to Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi of today, reflecting an
increasing radicalisation and propensity towards violence with the rise of each
leader. How has this phenomenon come to exist? This paper argues that it is
due to the transformative charisma phenomenon in Islamic radicalism and
militancy. This is the notion that this chain of charismatic leaders emerges due
not only to an ever present and intensifying perception of crisis within
communities of potential support, but also to the ability of such leaders to build
on the charismatic capital of preceding leaders.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Anðelić, Bianco, Maksimović, Todorović and Drid. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A milestone in the era of esports: The Olympics through the lens of virtual reality


This research was done to analyze code choice in the film entitled "Merry Riana –MimpiSejutaDolar". It was conducted to reveal the code used by the characters,the way the characters used the code and the reasons of the characters used thecode in every domain in the film.This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected byusing total sampling. The source of data is the conversation in the film entitled"Merry Riana – MimpiSejutaDolar". There are 50 data which wereclassified intothree domain language use.Some results are found in this research. First, there are several codes found in themovie. They are English, Bahasa Indonesia, Malay, Switching English – BahasaIndonesia, Switching Indonesia – English, Switching English – Malay, SwitchingBahasa Indonesia – Malay and Switching Malay - English. Second, in this movie,the characters used the codes in two ways. They are formal way and informalway. The formal way mostly occurs in the office domain. Meanwhile, theinformal way mostly occurs in friendship domain and family domain. Third, thereare 19 reasons of the characters in choosing the code found in this film. They areexpressing thanks, surprised, to show intimacy, share the same dialect, to expressin-love, to say good bye, to give compliment, to emphasize the message, tocontinue the interlocutor, to share the same group identity, to strengthen theargument, to encourage, to express disappointment, to ensure, to ask permission,the change of interlocutor, to show the higher position, to express anger, and toshow intimacy.Keywords:sociolinguistics, code choice


The following pages mean to communicate four main ideas on Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin and his only novel, Le Crocodile. While Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin's piece can be considered as developing esoteric ideas through a philosophical fiction, it also reveals a satiric intention towards academies and other authorities that consider science as the only valid way to knowledge despite the existence of a worthy tradition of spiritual understanding of the world.


Let R S and S T be minimal ring extensions of (commutative) rings. If (i) each of these extensions is integral or (ii) each of these extensions is integrally closed or (iii) R S is integral while S T is integrally closed, then each chain of rings between R and T is finite. Examples are given of minimal extensionsR S andS T such thatR S is integrally closed, S T is any of the three possible kinds of integral minimal extensions, and there exists (resp., does not exist) an infinite chain of intermediate rings betweenR andT .


Kang, Seok Ryul. Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2016. US Strategic Retrenchment and Security-Seeking Behaviors of the US Allies in Northeast Asia. Major Professor: Keith L. Shimko. This research is planned to explore how a regional state could improve its security during the time of its patron's strategic retrenchment. It introduces a theory of a regional state's security-promoting behaviors during the time of its patron's retrenchment. According to this theory, it is hypothesized that there is covariation between the level of a regional state's security concern and the scope of its domestic drives to increase societal contribution to autonomous defense posture. It also hypothesizes the existence of covariation between the level of a regional state's security concern and the level of its commitment to the pursuit of a military policy against its patron's strategic interests. Empirical findings from the case study of the security-seeking behaviors of the US allies in Northeast Asia support the two research hypotheses. A reader may want to test the validity of the theory against another context of a superpower's strategic retrenchment .


We propose an information-theoretic framework for analog signal separation. Specifically, we consider the problem of recovering two analog signals, modeled as general random vectors, from the noiseless sum of linear measurements of the signals. Our framework is inspired by the groundbreaking work of Wu and Verdú (2010) on analog compression and encompasses, inter alia, inpainting, declipping, super-resolution, the recovery of signals corrupted by impulse noise, and the separation of (e.g., audio or video) signals into two distinct components. The main results we report are general achievability bounds for the compression rate, i.e., the number of measurements relative to the dimension of the ambient space the signals live in, under either measurability or Hölder continuity imposed on the separator. Furthermore, we find a matching converse for sources of mixed discrete-continuous distribution. For measurable separators our proofs are based on a new probabilistic uncertainty relation, which shows that the intersection of generic subspaces with general sets of sufficiently small Minkowski dimension is empty. Hölder continuous separators are dealt with by introducing the concept of regularized probabilistic uncertainty relations. The probabilistic uncertainty relations we develop are inspired by embedding results in dynamical systems theory due to Sauer et al. (1991) and—conceptually—parallel classical Donoho-Stark and Elad-Bruckstein uncertainty principles at the heart of compressed sensing theory. Operationally, the new uncertainty relations take the theory of sparse signal separation beyond traditional sparsity—as measured in terms of the number of non-zero entries—to the more general notion of low description complexity as quantified by Minkowski dimension. Finally, our approach also allows to significantly strengthen key results in Wu and Verdú (2010).


This paper outlines the rationale and discusses issues related to the development and marketing of a digital educational video game. The concept, theme and design of the game are aimed at topical socio-environmental issues important to local (Hong Kong) students. This experience illustrates some of the primary challenges in the development and deployment of educational video game software.