【The purpose of the study was to find out the level of knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, and behavioral intention of nursing students regarding AIDS. It also identified factors that predict behavioral intentions and to provide care for patients with AIDS using Theory of Reasoned Action. The subjects consisted of 117 nursing students at three universities. Data was collected with self reporting in a questionnaire of with 67 items. Data was analyzed by an SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 20.98 years. The mean score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 24.444 out of 32. Mostly Korean students were quite knowledgeable about the basic facts and symptoms of AIDS but confused about the made of transmission such as public toilets, prevention methods, and especially infection control. 2. This study found that social interaction, attitudes and subjective norms of Korean nursing students explained the intention to care for AIDS patients. The students who had a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients and those who perceived more support from their significant others for caring the AIDS patients reported a more positive intention to care for AIDS patients. 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 47.58% of the variance in AIDS patient care intention was accounted for by social interaction (33.41%), attitude (9.1%), and subjective norm (5.0 %). According to the finding of this study, and social interaction are the most significant predictors of intentions. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should focus on transmission modes and prevention methods, especially in infection control. AIDS education efforts aimed at nursing students should place greater emphasis on correcting these kinds of misconceptions. Nursing intenvention for reducing fear of contagion, improving perception of social interaction, fostering positive attitudes and increasing intention to care for AIDS patients should be provided for nursing students. They also recommended that nursing students be adequately prepared to care for AIDS patients because of the increasing probability that they will encounter AIDS patients. Therefore it is important that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated within current undergraduate curriculum.】


Abstract : This is the Phase I Final Report developed under SBIR contract for topic # SB001-010. The overall technical objective was to design a rapid-prototyping/manufacturing machine capable of fabricating GRIN (gradient index of refraction) lenses as large as 6 inches in diameter by direct-write, 3D inkjet printing processes, using CAD files of optical models as input data. The design of this GRIN Lens Printing Platform was completed, and a bill of materials was generated with vendors, model numbers and prices for all key systems, subsystems and components. In addition, a set of UV-curing optical epoxy "inks" of differing indexes of refractive was developed and used in test printing of small gradient index lenses, in order to study material interactions and to verify printing process concepts. Ongoing efforts to increase the temperature capability of our print heads is expected to enable the printing of low-melting IR (infrared) glasses, which would extend the application wavelengths of printed GRIN lenses from the near to the middle and far IR. Successful development of this machine during a Phase II effort would enable both greater flexibility in GRIN lens design & fabrication and significant cost reductions in the fabrication of a wide range of optical elements.


This article presents an algorithm to estimate the defocus blur from a single image. Most of the existing methods estimate the defocus blur at edge locations, which further involves the reblurring process. For this purpose, existing methods use the traditional Gaussian function in the phase of reblurring but it is found that the traditional Gaussian kernel is sensitive to the edges and can cause loss of edges information. Hence, there are more chances of missing spatially varying blur at edge locations. We offer the repeated averaging filters as an alternative to the traditional Gaussian function, which is more effective, and estimate the spatially varying defocus blur at edge locations. By using repeated averaging filters, a blur sparse map is computed. The obtained sparse map is propagated by integration of superpixels segmentation and transductive inference to estimate full defocus blur map. Our adopted method of repeated averaging filters has less computational time of defocus blur map estimation and has better visual estimates of the final defocus recovered map. Moreover, it has surpassed many previous state‐of‐the‐art proposed systems in terms of quantative analysis.


Twelve consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were perfused with the Cobe Optima hollow fibre oxygenator. Gas transfer characteristics and blood handling were studied. The device had a maximum oxygen transfer of 315 ml/minute. The average shunt fraction was 4.5%, and was not influenced by blood-flow rate. Mean platelet count declined slightly to 91 % of the baseline at the end of the study period. Haemolysis was evaluated by monitoring serum-free haemoglobin, serum haptoglobin and serum haemopexin. The evolution was as follows: free haemoglobin increased from 14 ± 5 mg/100 ml to 85 ± 0.8/100 ml (p = 0.01) at the end of bypass; haptoglobin decreased from 1.33 ± 0.90 g/l to 0.89 ± 0.15 g/l (p = 0.01); and haemopexin decreased from 0.84 ± 0.13 g/I to 0.74 ± 0.15 g/l (p = nonsignificant). In all patients the residual capacity of serum haptoglobin to protect against haemolysis was satisfactory. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course.


Limited shelf life of infective juveniles is a major obstacle in realizing the full biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes. We studied some of the physiological parameters affecting storage stability. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Steinernema glaseri were cultured in the wax moth larva, Galleria mellonella, and the freshly emerged infective juveniles were stored in water at 25 C. Shelflife, estimated by a minimum of 20% survival, varied among species: infective juvenile S. glaseri survived for 36 wk, whereas S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora survived only 16 and 7 wk, respectively


Abstract Based on type material and additional specimens the review of the genera Aphrodita Linnaeus, 1758 and Aphroditella Roule, 1898 presented here comprises all species reported from the North East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, i.e., Aphrodita aculeata Linnaeus, 1758, A. alta Kinberg, 1856, A. perarmata Roule, 1898, A. roulei Horst, 1917, and Aphroditella pallida Roule, 1898. Only the genus Aphrodita Linnaeus, 1758 is considered to be valid, with Aphroditella Roule, 1898 considered ajunior synonym. Aphrodita pallida and A. roulei are junior synonyms of A. alta and A. perarmata, respectively. The diagnosis of Aphrodita is emended and the three valid species occurring in the investigated area, i.e., A. aculeata, A. alta, and A. perarmata, are redescribed, all important characters are figured, and an identification key is given.


Laser diffraction has developed into the leading principle for particle size analysis. This principle assumes a spherical particle shape in its optical model to obtain a particle size distribution. The size distribution will be different from those obtained by methods based on other physical principles (e. g. image analysis). Not all particles are spherical but all diffraction patterns are point symmetric. Sympatec's particle size analyser HELOS uses a multi-element photo detector with semi-circular rings. The results are independent of a systematic orientation of the particles. Laser diffraction instruments with asymmetric detectors are also used to measure average shape and size characteristics of the particles, but the results strongly depend on the orientation of the particles in the measuring zone and change with the flow condition. For shape and size characterisation Sympatec has introduced the QICPIC dynamic image processing system [1]. The dispersers for dry powders and suspensions are modular and exchangeable between QICPIC and HELOS. This combination of powerful dispersion and high frame rate allows for the acquisition and analysis of extreme numbers of even > 10 particles in short times. With statistical errors far below 1%, image analysis now even reaches the reproducibility of laser diffraction with traceability to the individual particles and shape information in addition. The comparison of image analysis and laser diffraction measurements under the same particle dispersing conditions is now possible.


Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) alleviate inflammatory conditions in several peripheral tissues. To determine whether this effect extends to the brain, we used the model of systemic immune challenge by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were treated with vehicle or ARB candesartan (1 mg/kg/day sc) followed by injection of LPS (50 ìg/kg ip) on the third day. The rats were examined 3 hours later for the expression of inflammatory markers by RT‐PCR in microdissected brain areas and by in situ hybridization. LPS injection induced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines not only in known LPS target areas, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the subfornical organ (SFO) but also in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Candesartan reduced the response to LPS in all areas, indicating wide‐spread effect of ARB, and decreased LPS‐induced c‐fos expression in PVN and SFO. These effects were paralleled with amelioration of LPS‐induced anorexia and body weight loss. In adition, in stress‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, candesartan reduced anxiety‐like behavior in both control and LPS‐treated rats as determined by elevated plus maze testing. Our results demonstrate that ARBs significantly limit the acute brain response to the systemic immune challenge and might be considered compounds of interest for the inflammation‐related brain disorders. Supported by DIRP, NIH, DHHS.


This article is being retracted from Bioscience Reports at the request of the authors due to an image duplication in Figure 5G that the authors believe was introduced during the preparation of their figures. All authors believe that the integrity of the manuscript is therefore impaired, making it easy to erroneous understanding and wish to retract the article. The Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board agree with the retraction.


SMA-actuated flexible structure become nonlinear in large deflection mode and as a result become more sensitive to the actuator applied force. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, the hysteresis nonlinearity of SMA-actuated flexible structure is modeled by the generalized PrandtlIshlinskii model. Subsequently, a feedforwardfeedback controller is used to control the tip deflection of the SMA-actuated structure. The feedforward part of the control system is based on the inverse generalized PrandtlIshlinskii model while a conventional proportionalintegral feedback controller is added to the feedforward controller to increase the accuracy. However, in order to increase accuracy of position control system, in addition to the main SMA actuator, another auxiliary SMA actuator is attached to the structure. It is shown by the experimental data that, in comparison to the time that only main SMA actuator is attached to the structure, the proposed controller in the new architecture has increased the accuracy of the position control system.


In this article we share insights from our ongoing research on the concept of 'science capital' – a term that refers to an individual's science-related resources and dispositions. We have been working in collaboration with secondary teachers in England to explore the applications of the concept in science teaching practice. Underpinned by a social justice agenda, our aim is to meaningfully engage students from diverse backgrounds with science. We present our developing work as an orientation point for science capital informed approaches in the classroom, which include eliciting, valuing and linking students' own experiences and interests, embedding science capital dimensions, and reflecting on the 'field' of the science classroom.


Background: Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) is the most common genetic disease belonging to the group of neural tissue cell growth disorders, known to be complicated by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors or MPNST. On the contrary, angiosarcoma is rarely associated with NF-1. Only few cases reported angiosarcoma arising as a sarcomatous transformation within a preexisting MPNST.Methods and results: We report here the remarkable case of a 35-year-old NF-1 woman, with a history of excised MPNST 8 years before a new hospitalization for the development of multi localized angiosarcoma, whose discovery is related to an oropharyngeal involvement, with a dramatic presentation. Review of the literature and differences from previous reports are discussed.Conclusion: Our case report supports the hypothesis of an angiosarcoma developing as a malignant proliferation apparently not arising from contiguous neurofibroma or MPNST lesions, but representing a second de novo malignancy.


The intern (f/m) or master thesis student (f/m) will participate in one of our research projects in the area of "Internet of Services". The international project team is concerned with the development of a visual programming environment for the modeling and execution of complex front-end gadgets which rely on backend Web Services enriched with additional semantic


The work presented in this article shows, through a case study, the different stages of designing a fault tolerant system; a system which can tolerate faults without losing its operational capability. This system includes a gripper mounted on the wrist of a robot manipulator. First the faults were identified, then the residual generation stage was designed. Analyzing this residual allows us to show that artificially injected faults can be detected and an alarm is generated for an emergency stop command. With regards to the gripper, we have only dealt with the faults we were able to solve thanks to the accommodation stage which must control both hardware and software reconfigurations. The considered faults originated in the electronic interfaces and for an efficient supervision we have designed the whole gripper control. The electronic interfaces concerned by fault occurrence are duplicated to ensure robot task continuity.


The effect of an electric field on the γ‐ray‐induced reaction of CO formation from CO2 and graphite was investigated. The experiment was carried out at room temperature under an exposure dose rate of 1.5×105 R/h using diodelike tubes with graphite and metal (tungsten or molybdenum) electrodes filled with CO2 gas at 300 mm Hg. When a negative voltage was applied to the graphite to obtain a saturation current, the yield of CO was about 2.5 times as much as that in the absence of any field. However, on application of a positive field, the yield was not significantly different than the zero field case. The G value for CO formation was found to be 0.62∼1.01 in the absence of the field.The ionic reaction mechanisms CO2++C−(graphite electrode)→2CO and/or CO2++C−(graphite electrode)→C(graphite)O+CO are proposed for the increased yield of CO in the case of negative voltage application to the graphite.


Seafloor sediments are important as a significant reservoir of organic matter, especially organic carbon and nitrogen. Sedimentary organic matters are mainly supplied through a photosynthetic process of phytoplankton biomass and other metabolisms of zooplankton and maturated during diagenesis (Lee et al., 1988). Proteins, peptides, and amino acid monomers are the main components and account for 30 ‒ 40% of the total nitrogen and 10 ‒ 15% of the total organic carbon content of seafloor sediments (Burdige and Martens, 1988). Some studies revealed the distribution and concentration of organic matters including hydrolyzable amino acids in shallow seafloor area (e.g., Cowie and Hedges, 1992; Kawahata and Ishizuka, 1993). The recent Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment (NanTro SEIZE) Expedition 338 and 348 at Site C0002 drilled and cored successfully up to 3059 mbsf. In this study, concentrations of hydrolyzable amino acids and maturation stage of organic matters in the sediments collected during the expeditions were determined in order to evaluate the distribution and evolution of sedimentary organic matters during diagenesis in deep seafloor. Sediment core samples collected at Site C0002 (202.1 ‒ 2216.9 mbsf), C0021 (3.7 ‒ 186.4 mbsf), and C0022 (1.2 ‒ 411.4 mbsf) were dried and powdered manually with an agate mortar on shore. The type and maturity of sedimentary organic matters were determined using Rock ‒ Eval pyrolysis method at Japan Petroleum Exploration CO., LTD. A part of the sediments were hydrolyzed to extract the amino acids from the hydrolyzable peptides and proteins. 1.0 g of the dried sediment was reacted with 6 N HCl at 110 °C for 22 h. The amount of total hydrolyzable amino acids (THAA) in the treated sample solutions were measured by high performance liquid chromatograph using postcolumn ortho-phthalaldehyde derivation. The concentrations of THAA in the core collected at Site C0002 vary between 819.9 ‒ 177.1 nmol/g, and Gly was the most abundant amino acid followed by Asp, Ser, Ala, Val, and Phe. At Site C0021 and C0022, the concentrations of THAA were 4679.2 and 6729.7 nmol/g at surface, respectively, and decreased drastically with depth. The THAA carbons account for <1% of total organic carbon and nitrogen, indicating that most of the biogenic organic matters would be changed into kerogens. The amounts of hydrocarbons generated through thermal cracking of non-volatile sedimentary organic matter (S 2) were 1.2‒ 0.15 mg/g. The low S 2 values and TOC (1.2 ‒ 0.3 %) indicate that most of kerogen in the cores is categorized as type III. The temperatures at which the maximum release of hydrocarbons from thermal cracking of kerogen occurs during pyrolysis (T max) were 379‒ 416°C at the shallow area (1.2 ‒ 91.7 mbsf), increased gradually with depth, and reached to 439 °C at 2216.9 mbsf. Rock‒ Eval data indicate that the maturation of kerogens could be progressed with depth in seafloor sediment.


Cellulose nonwoven mats of submicron-sized fibers (150 nm–500 nm in diameter) were obtained by electrospinning cellulose solutions. A solvent system based on lithium chloride (LiCl) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used, and the effects of (i) temperature of the collector, (ii) type of collector (aluminum mesh and cellulose filter media), and (iii) postspinning treatment, such as coagulation with water, on the morphology of electrospun fibers were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction studies of as-spun fibers at room temperature reveal that the morphology of cellulose fibers evolves with time due to moisture absorption and swelling caused by the residual salt and solvent. Although heating the collector greatly enhances the stability of the fiber morphology, the removal of salt by coagulation and DMAc by heating the collector was necessary for the fabrication of dry and stable cellulose fibers with limited moisture absorption and swelling. The presence and removal of the salt before and after coagulation have been identified by electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction studies. When cellulose filter media is used as a collector, dry and stable fibers were obtained without the coagulation step, and the resulting electrospun fibers exhibit good adhesion to the filter media. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1673–1683, 2005


Although Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H) is currently considered to be a mature technology, new multiburst forward error-correction (FEC) schemes such as multiprotocol encapsulation-interburst FEC (MPE-iFEC) and application-layer FEC (AL-FEC) can be applied to mobile TV streaming services to increase the robustness of the transmission. Compared with the conventional intraburst approach MPE-FEC, multiburst encoding provides protection across several bursts rather than within a single burst because it is possible to recover from completely erroneous bursts. The robustness of the transmission can be enhanced, keeping the capacity devoted for error repair (code rate or FEC overhead) and thus increasing the number of interleaved bursts. This paper describes a methodology for estimating the coverage for multiburst FEC DVB-H mobile TV streaming services in realistic scenarios based on dynamic system-level simulations. Furthermore, it presents illustrative performance-evaluation results with field measurements, and it presents simulation results quantifying the reduction in the fading margin required to cope with fast fading and shadowing that can be achieved with multiburst FEC, compared with MPE-FEC.


Differential reflectivity ZDR, the linear depolarization ratio LDR, and cross-correlation coefficient ρhv in the melting layer have being studied for a long time. Enhancements in ZDR and LDR values and drops of ρhv are widely used in identification of the melting layer (e.g., Doviak and Zrnic 1993, D'Amico et al. 1998, Russchenberg and Ligthart 1996, Bringi and Chandrasekar 2001). Characteristics of another polarimetric variable, differential phase ΦDP, is not well understood. Radar observations show that ΦDP usually increases in the bright band. This increase is due to two contributions: a) melting nonspherical hydrometeors produce substantial differential propagation phase shift and b) differential phase δ upon scattering is often seen as a bump in ΦDP radial profiles. Zrnic et al. (1993) interpret humps in ΦDP with the presence of large oblate spongy snowflakes with diameters from 10 to 15 mm that can produce δ larger than 10. Such large δ is a result of resonance effects where the sizes of scattering particles are not small compared to the radar wavelength. Large spongy snowflakes usually produce large reflectivity and differential reflectivity. Scattering in the melting layer that exhibits small to moderate enhancements in ZDR and δ of 1 o is considered herein. Such parameters in the melting layers are common. It is very likely that small to moderate ZDR and δ are produced by particles that can be considered as Rayleigh scatters at S band (the wavelength of 10 cm). Melnikov et al. (2005) showed that Rayleigh scatterers consisting of a mixture of ice and water can produce noticeable δ, i.e., δ can be produced in the absence of the resonance effect. The approach of Rayleigh scattering is elaborated further in this communication. It is known that δ-phase at S band is very small for Raleigh ice particles and raindrops. Small δ for pure ice particles is due to a very small imaginary part of dielectric permittivity of ice. Small δ for raindrops is due to their almost spherical shapes especially for small droplets at the bottoms of melting layer. So occurrences of δ in the melting layer should be explained for cases of moderate and small increases in ZDR. An explanation with a model of melting aggregated ice particles is presented in this communication. The model is then used to retrieve the axis ratios and water content in melting ice particles from measured ZDR and δ.


We utilized 7 years of data to determine the influence of decreased concentrationsof hypolimnetic oxygen and increased densities of phytoplankton and fish on themysid Mysis diluviana in a whole-lake experiment on the effects of cage aquaculturefor rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). Following establishment of the cage farm in2003, densities of Mysis decreased from an annual average of 85 m


Twenty microfabricated COMOSS columns with varying dimensions were investigated in this work. Columns with different channel depth (1.6–10 μm) and width (2–4 μm) were studied; the size of collocated particles was also varied, including diamonds (5×5–11×11 μm) and their elongated and extended versions: hexagonal structures allowing greater distances between mixing nodes. Comparisons were made by plotting plate height-voltage curves for each type of column geometry using rhodamine 110, fluorescein, or small peptides as standard compounds. It was demonstrated that the efficiency of separation strongly depends on the geometry of resulting channels. An increase of distance between channel intersections (or decrease of trans-channel coupling frequency) was shown to unavoidably lead to a considerable decrease in efficiency of the microfabricated column. It was also found that low aspect ratio structures produced from positive photoresist masters were more efficient than their high aspect ratio equivalents. The highest efficiency of 620000 plates per meter was obtained with 10 μm deep channels and particles of 5.2×5.2 μm (diamonds).


The biology of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabiranus (Boisd.) on marigold worked out under laboratory conditions at 21 and 27°C, and 50 and 60% RH at Solan, Himachal Pradesh during August 2002 to June 2003. The results revealed that both sexes have three developmental stages (larva, protonymph and deutonymph) interrupted in between with a quiescent stage. The incubation period varied from 4.78±0.16 to 6.00±0.13 days during August to June and hatching percentage of eggs was maximum (80.97%) during April to June. The number of eggs laid by a single female varied from 48.7±1.67 to 57.70±1.34. The mean larval period was minimum during August to October (1.26±0.02 days) and maximum during mid February to April (1.56±0.04) days). There were two nymphal instars viz., protonymph and deutonymph and mean duration their varied from 1.49±0.03 to 2.36±0.07 and 1.56±0.04 to 2.72±0.06 days, respectively. The longevity of male and female varied from 11.20±0.25 to 14.50±0.37 and 15.20±0.25 to 19.45±0.39 days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods varied from 1.50±0.17 to 2.35±0.12, 4.60±0.16 to 6.10±0.21 and 9.10±0.26 to 12.5±0.35 days, respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was found to be 1: 4.31, 1: 5.95 and 1: 5.5. The entire life span of male and female was 24.12±0.33 and 29.07±0.28 days during August to October, 29±0.36 and 33.59±0.40 days during mid February to April, and 20.5±0.25 and 24.46±0.30 days during April to June.


Disclosed is a method for supplying a location-based service to a user by a wireless terminal. The method for supplying the location-based service includes the steps of: enabling the wireless terminal to determine a service providing region; checking whether the wireless terminal is located within a preset range from the service providing region by using a first location detection method; checking whether the wireless terminal is located within the service providing region by using a second location detection method according as the wireless terminal is located within the preset range; and supplying a service corresponding to the service providing region according as the wireless terminal is located within the service providing region.


Background: Guidelines recommend diagnostic non-invasive imaging [arterial duplex ultrasound (DUS), MR angiography (MRA) and CT angiography (CTA)] in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial d...


Visually Induced Motion Sickness (VIMS), when the visual system detects motion that is not felt by the vestibular system, is a deterrent for first-time Virtual Reality (VR) users and can impact its adoption rate. Constricting the field-of-view (FoV) has been shown to reduce VIMS as it conceals optical flow in peripheral vision, which is more sensitive to motion. Additionally, several studies have suggested the inclusion of visual elements (e.g., grids) consistent with the real world as reference points. In this paper, we describe a novel technique dynamically controlled by a video's precomputed optical flow and participants' runtime head direction and evaluate it in a within-subjects study (N = 24) on a 360° video of a roller coaster. Furthermore, based on a detailed analysis of the video and participant's experience, we provide insights on the effectiveness of the techniques in VIMS reduction and discuss the role of optical flow in the design and evaluation of the study.


The waste problem is not only related to the production and its transportation, but also concerning the sorting of organic and non-organic types. Temesi landfills in Gianyar Regency through the Yayasan Pemilahan Sampah Temesi (YPST) has a waste sorting activity to be used as a more economical product, namely compost fertilizer "Temesi Organik". The organic fertilizers usage in Bali Province in the last five years (2013-2017) has always been with an average of 28,897 tons. This potential will be a marketing opportunity for organic fertilizer producers in Bali Province. But YPST facing a problem lack of good planning in terms of product marketing. The purpose of this study was to analyze internal and external factors, formulate alternative strategies, and determine the priority strategies in developing marketing of compost fertilizer "Temesi Organik". Data analysis methods used are SWOT and AHP analysis. The results of the study based on the SWOT analysis obtained six alternative strategies namely improving product quality to maintain customer loyalty and the synergy of government policies, maintaining product continuity to reach the organic fertilizers market potential, maintaining the legality of organic certification, expanding market networks by utilizing social media and word of mouth marketing methods, complementing facilities and production infrastructure in composting, and improving the quality of human resources to produce products with a strong bargaining position. Based on AHP analysis obtained the main priority of six alternative strategies is to expand the market network by utilizing social media and the word of mouth marketing method.
Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Organic Compost Fertilizer, Yayasan Pemilahan Sampah Temesi


Departing from the fact that mathematics is often regarded as difficult subjects and complicated even dull, but not so. Math is fun as long as we have the perfect way to learn. Implementation of an interactive way of learning is very useful to motivate and stimulate creativity and thinking someone to be more developed and developing countries. Advances in computer technology so rapidly, supported by the advancement in information technology today, actually can be exploited to improve the teaching-learning process by using interactive CD packages appropriate learning. In this case, the computer software used to create teaching and learning programs that allow the execution of various activities, such as the presentation of information in the form of text, graphics, animations and exercises. This interactive CD aims to facilitate the teaching-learning process without being bored or tired.. Now a lot of alternative programs to create animated Flash animation and multimedia in addition to the program from Macromedia's own. One easy to use software that is swish. Swish is the software (software) that can create animation without having to use the flash, because it alone has 150 swish effects ready to use.


A court of appeal has the right to dismiss a criminal case (criminal prosecution) and exempt the person from criminal liability. The legislator has not taken into account the peculiarities of applying alternative grounds for exemption from criminal liability, which are based on the possibility of assessing the positive post-criminal behavior of persons subject to criminal prosecution. The possibility of a court of appeal to overturn a conviction that has not entered into legal force, dismiss a criminal case and exempt a person from criminal liability on alternative grounds is influenced by a number of legally significant circumstances. These are as follows: the imperative or discretionary basis is subject to application; whether the court of appeal considers the issue of exemption from criminal liability for the first time or not; whether the appeal has established significant violations of the law that entail the reversal of the conviction. Courts of second instance should not ignore the discretionary nature that predetermines the special legal nature of the remaining alternative grounds. If the grounds for overturning a conviction are established, the court of second instance is entitled to consider the issue of exemption from criminal liability on alternative discretionary grounds; by contrast, in the absence of such grounds, the appellate court does not have the right to overestimate the circumstances of the criminal case. If the issue of exemption from criminal liability is first raised at the stage of appealing against a guilty verdict that has not entered into legal force, the courts need to find out the reasons why this issue was not resolved during the consideration of the criminal case by the court of first instance.


l Guthrie Research Chemara, Jalan Sg. Ujong, P.O. Box 28, 70990 Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. ** Department of Land Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. he oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the major waste products of the oil palm industry and is currently used as an organic mulch in young and mature oil palm plantations. Afield experiment was set up to monitor EFB decomposition and N and K release for a period of 10 months with the EFB placed in single or double layers stacked along mature oil palm interrows with and without inorganic N and K fertilizers. The quantity of EFB applied was 37.5 t ha-' applied in a single layer and 75 t ha-' applied in a double layer. N was applied as ammonium sulphate and K as muriate ofpotash at three rates of 0,3.5 and 7.0 kg fertilizers palm-' yr-'. The frequency of fertilizer application was once and three times per year. Random samplings of EFB were taken from the single layer, and from the top and bottom layers of the double layer treatment and their dry weights, N and K concentrations determined. The EFB dry matter loss followed an exponential model. There was a 50% loss in dry matter in the initial three months and 70% dry matter loss after eight months. The single layer EFB decomposed faster than the double layer top or bottom. Addition of inorganic N fertilizer enhanced significantly dry matter loss in the single layer EFB. Inorganic K fertilizer application did not significantly affect EFB decomposition for all treatments. Release of EFB-N was not detected during the lo-month period of the study. Release of EFB-K was very rapid during the initial stages of decomposition, with 90% of


This article investigated the effect of imidapril on T-type calcium current of noninfarcted ventricular myocytes in rabbit models of old myocardial infarction (OMI). Rabbits with left coronary artery liation were prepared and allowed to recover for 8 weeks, and considered as the old myocardial infarction group (OMI group). For another group, three days after surgery, rabbits were received oral administration of imidapril (0.625 mg·kg -1·d -1) for 8 weeks, and considered as the imidapril-treated group (Imi group). Animals underwent an identical surgical procedure without coronary ligation served as the sham-operated group (sham group). Calcium current was recorded with whole-cell patch clamp. Results:I_ Ca-T densities increased more markedly in noninfarcted ventricular myocytes in OMI heart than those of sham heart (P0.01). The average current density in OMI cells was 2.36±0.12 pA/pF,only 0.35±0.02 pA/pF in sham cells. After treatment of imidapril, I_ Ca-T densities deceased to 0.83±0.11 pA/pF. Half-maximal voltage (V_ 1/2) and slope factor (k) values in activation curves in OMI cells were shifted to hyperpolarizating direction and k was increased. V_ 1/2 and k values of inactivation were similar among the three groups. Time constants of recovery (τrev) in noninfarcted cells were slightly delayed, but there was no significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion: Imidapril can decrease I_ Ca-T densities of noninfarcted ventricular myocytes of OMI.


In this paper an assignment scheme is proposed for OVSF-CDMA which can be used for third generation systems. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is adaptive to the rates of the incoming users. The proposed scheme reduces the blocking probability as compared to previous proposed assignment schemes for bursty data. The number of codes searched before call processing is also smaller as compared to some other good schemes. The reduction in number of codes searched reduces the time to choose for an appropriate code. Simulation results are presented to show the mentioned benefits. Matlab. 7.0.1 is used as tool to plot the result.


Polymersomes prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers are of great interest for applications in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. In drug delivery, for instance, cargo-carrying polymersomes that can target and attach to specific cell receptors will lead to greater drug efficacy and to fewer side effects. A key aspect considering such applications is to direct the polymersomes to a specific site in vivo, which requires the conjugation of targeting ligands to the surface of the polymeric self-assemblies. Such conjugation chemistry has in turn to fulfill several aspects comprising reaction selectivity and efficiency, stability of the resulting bond, biocompatibility and traceability.
In this thesis, we present different chemical approaches of surface modification of silicone-based block copolymer vesicles. In a first trial, the covalent attachment of oligonucleotides was performed by specific alkyne-azide click-chemistry conjugation. In a second trial, we introduced a new conjugation chemistry that achieves the criteria mentioned before by simple conjugation of 4-formylbenzoate (4FB) functionalized polymersomes with 6-hydrazinonicotinate acetone hydrazine functionalized proteins and antibodies in aqueous buffer. To prove attachment of biomolecules to polymersomes, HyNic functionalized enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was attached to 4FB functionalized polymersomes, resulting in an average number of 5 eYFP molecules per polymersome. Two different polymersome-antibody conjugates were produced using either antibiotin IgG or trastuzumab. They showed specific targeting toward biotin-patterned surfaces and breast cancer cells.
In addition, a new cationic silicone was synthesized, which assembles in certain aqueous salt solutions exclusively in vesicle structures. Because they form complexes with fluorescently labeled siRNA, such cationic silicone vesicles might be useful transfection agents.
In summary, this thesis might impact the future generations and design of modern drug delivery systems.


A series of tests, performed to determine the strain necessary to initiate intergranular cracking in Inconel 718 as a function of temperature, contained enough scatter near the melting temperature that questions remained as to the best curve of curves to fit to the data. Fracture surface analysis showed that the scatter was due to incipient melting in the grain boundary region. The melting contributed to low fracture strain but had only a small on the incipient cracking strain. Gleeble tests, which could be interrupted by water quenching, were used to study the incipient intergranular melting of Inconel 718. This modified weld simulation test provided a sufficiently rapid quench to preserve the intergranular microstructure created during incipient melting. This structure was studied both microscopically and with energy dispensive X-ray analysis. The implications of incipient melting and low-strain incipient cracking on the development of microfissuring envelopes are discussed.


The article touches upon the most urgent problem of creating the stock portfolio
of a commercial bank, where studying the strategies and tools of the bank's investment activity and using mathematical models for its assessment help to identify the relationship between profitability and the risk of investing in securities. As a result of applied analysis and modeling of the portfolio structure, the optimal portfolio option is selected, which corresponds to a given level of risk and profitability, as well as to the investment strategy chosen by the bank. There has been analyzed the portfolio structure with specified characteristics of risk and profitability, according to the statistics of previous years. The types of documents have been systematized according to the compliance with the strategy of managing the portfolio of profitability growth, liquidity and risk minimization. Using the models of Markowitz, Tobin and other researchers of probabilistic portfolio assessment through covariance indicators and a correlation coefficient, there have been found the values of return on assets that can change in one direction or have a multidirectional nature, and allow to calculate dependence between the values of return on securities in the portfolio. There have been considered the following models: a portfolio model based on calculating the level of stock returns of LUKOIL JSC, Novatek JSC, Yandex; a portfolio model that includes risk-free assets with the highest level of reliability (government short-term bonds, federal loan bonds); capital asset pricing model which describes dependency between the risk and the required profitability. Based on these calculations there has been inferred the possibility of developing specific areas of the banking business in the field of securities transactions, including: saving funds (providing protection against inflation); capital growth (focus on the securities that have the potential for growth in market value); profitability (purchasing securities in order to obtain dividends on shares and interest on debt securities); liquidity (investments into financial tools that can be sold at any time at favorable prices); risk minimization. The results of the conducted analysis of correlation and regression of the securities portfolio have revealed the most preferred types of securities for growing profitability that are in the bank's portfolio: shares of the Russian oil company LUKOIL, the Russian gas company Novatek, Yandex cIA, as well as the federal loan bonds (based on the terms of calculating history dynamics since May 1, 2018 up to May 1, 2019)


CONACS-1 (the first version of the DOE Containment Analysis Code System) which is currently under development requires extension of existing debris-bed dryout data to the wide range of conditions possible in an accident sequence. While there has been much effort on modeling of debris-bed dryout from first principles, there is no definitive model for beds of irregularly shaped particles of wide size distribution and for beds of varying heights. Existing debris-bed heat-transfer data with real materials are for the most part limited to dryout as a function of bed depth for adiabatic conditions of atmospheric pressure. These data must be extrapolated with the use of appropriate theoretical models based on experimentation with simulant materials to the ocnditions under consideration in the containment analysis. The data base selected for CONACS-1 is from measurements of dryout for beds of 100 to 1000 ..mu..m UO/sub 2/ with the sodium phase Joule heated. This particle size range which is typical for debris from fuel-coolant interactions is the most reasonable to use.


The diurnal changes of net photosynthesis rate(Pn) in leaves of 'Jinguang' plum were studied by CI-301 CO2 analyzer,and the relationship between the Pn and its physo-ecological factors were studied by path analysis and stepwise regression equation.The results showed that the curve of diurnal variation of Pn was demonstrated two peaks in clear day,which appeared at 10:00 and 15:00 respectively.There was a clear depression at noon,which caused by stomatal conductance and nostomatal factors.Correlation analysis showed there were positive relationship between Gs and Tr and Pn,and the correlation equations were respectively yPn=0.947xGs2+0.287 4xGs+57.945,(R2=0.853 4)and yPn=0.807 9xTr0.542 1,(R2=0.571 6).It was PAR and Ca that affected the changes of Pn among the ecological factors,and Gs and Tr played very important roles in the changes of Pn among the physiological factors.


Objective:To produce murine monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) against recombinant ESAT-6 antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods:Twelve stably secreting anti-ESAT-6 specific mAbs cell strains were obtained with hybridoma cell fusion technique.The five strains of above cell strains were identified and used to prepare the ascite fluids.Results:The ELISA titers in the ascite fluids of the five mAbs were 1:512 000~1:1 024 000.The ascite mAbs were purified up to 90% purity.IgG isotypes showed that all the mAbs secreted by the five stains belong to IgG1/κ subclass,ELISA proved that the five mAbs reacted specifically with ESAT-6 antigen of M.tuberculosis.Conclusion:The specific anti-ESAT-6 mAbs were prepared,which may lay a foundation for studying biological functions of ESAT-6.


The EXFOR database contains the largest collection of experimental nuclear reaction data available as well as this data's bibliographic information and experimental details. We created an undirected graph from the EXFOR datasets with graph nodes representing single observables and graph links representing the connections of various types between these observables. This graph is an abstract representation of the connections in EXFOR, similar to graphs of social networks, authorship networks, etc. Analysing this abstract graph, we are able to address very specific questions such as 1) what observables are being used as reference measurements by the experimental community? 2) are these observables given the attention needed by various standards organisations? 3) are there classes of observables that are not connected to these reference measurements? In addressing these questions, we propose several (mostly cross section) observables that should be evaluated and made into reaction reference standards.


This article described the history of the development of the American definition of potential hazards food, as well as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. states on the potential hazards of food concepts and laws and regulations, and Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom,with the potential hazards food similar to the relevant laws and regulations, played a reference aimed at the formulation of relevant laws and regulations of China's food industry and catering industry "potentially hazardous food " and food processing operations.


This article focuses on the position sensorless control for variable flux memory machine (VFMM) of which the magnetization state (MS) can be flexibly changed by applying a d-axis current pulse to achieve the so-called MS manipulation. First, the unique challenges in VFMM sensorless control are in depth analyzed and summarized based on the experimental results. An improved adaptive sliding-mode observer (SMO) and an improved phase-locked loop (PLL) are then proposed. Specifically, a newly developed dq-axis voltage pulse injection method is employed to accurately measure the dq-axis inductances of VFMM during MS manipulations and update them into SMO to increase its convergence speed. An adaptive law is proposed for tuning sliding-mode gains to obtain satisfying estimation performance of SMO under different conditions of speed and MS. In addition, to enhance the position tracking performance against the position estimation error resulted from MS manipulation or speed change, an improved PLL is structured, whose bandwidth can be adaptively adjusted by using fuzzy logic control. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control strategy are verified through experimental measurements on a hybrid magnetic circuit VFMM prototype.


Abstract This paper focuses on the classification (up to isomorphism) of all toric log Del Pezzo surfaces with exactly one singularity, and on the description of how they are embedded as intersections of finitely many quadrics into suitable projective spaces.


A discrete sliding-mode guidance laws based on a new discrete variable rate reaching law was proposed for the discrete form of the missile-target relative motion equation in plane.By adopting this reaching law,steady state oscillation and system chattering were eliminated significantly,and system state approached to zero diminishingly.Maneuvering acceleration of target was considered as unknown external disturbance,and disturbance observer was adopted to estimate and compensate for the uncertainties,which required just knowing the possible variation range of target acceleration between two adjacent sampling instants rather than a prior knowledge of the target acceleration bounds or matched conditions.The simulation results show this method has strong robustness,without steady state oscillation and system chattering.


This article presents a conformai integrated multi-layer thin-film antenna design implemented by novel LITA (Laser-Induced Integrated Thin-Film Antenna) technologies for smartwatch device applications. Through the proposed LITA technology which is jointly developed by ITRI and ACON in Taiwan, metal layouts of antennas can be formed on the internal surface of a smartwatch casing successfully with conform al, thin-film type, multi-layer and highly integrating characteristics. It is demonstrated that by designing a compact two-layer thin-film feeding capacitor by LITA, a much smaller PIFA antenna size (5×10 mm2 only) can be achieved successfully compared to the PIFA with a co-planar capacitive feeding structure and the prior PIFA with a direct feed. The constructed antenna prototype analyzed with presence of a user's right hand is discussed in this paper.


In this paper we present a method for verifying Yhc bytecode, an intermediate form of Haskell suitable for mobile code applications. We examin e the issues involved with verifying Yhc bytecode programs, and we present a proof -of-concept bytecode compiler and verifier. Verification is a static analysis which ensures that a byteco d program is type-safe. The ability to check type-safety is important for mobile cod e situations where untrusted code may be executed. Type-safety subsumes the crit ical memory-safety property and excludes important classes of exploitable bug s, such as buffer overflows. Haskell's rich type system also allows programmers to build effective, static security policies and enforce them using the type checker. V rification allows us to be confident the constraints of our security policy are enfor ced.


In this paper, a general class of fractional random fields, ℬα, 0≤α<2, is defined. The members of ℬα can be used to model natural scenes and textures. It is shown that the fractal dimension of random fields in ℬα is a linear nonincreasing function of a for 0≤α<α0 and a linear nondecreasing function of α for α0<α<2. The number α0 corresponds to the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension of the random field. These linear relationships are significant for texture comparison and classification.


In this study, a room temperature active magnetic regenerative refrigerator is investigated experimentally as well as numerically. Gadolinium is selected as a magnetic refrigerant. A permanent magnet array, so called Halbach array, is employed to produce strong magnetic field. The AMR (Active Magnetic Regenerator) is reciprocated through the bore of the magnet array and produces cooling power. Helium is supplied by a helium compressor equipped with a rotary valve. Although the refrigeration effect is generated due to the pressure fluctuation of the helium flow, the enhancement of refrigeration by the magnetocaloric effect can be observed. One dimensional numerical simulation for the AMR is established. Measured mass flow rate, inlet temperature and pressure fluctuation are used as boundary conditions, and the calculated temperature distribution during the steady state is compared with the measured one. The model and the numerical simulation in this paper will be a useful tool for prediction of AMR's perfo...


Abstract  Fusulinoidean faunal succession from Paleo–Tethyan seamount‐type carbonates of the Yutangzhai section in the Central zone of the Changning–Menglian Belt of West Yunnan, Southwest China, is presented for the first time. The Changning–Menglian Belt is one of the orogenic belts that represent the closed main Paleo–Tethys in East Asia. The Yutangzhai section is represented by basalts and overlying carbonates, about 1100 m thick. It exhibits a continuous faunal succession composed of 17 fusulinoidean assemblages ranging from the Serpukhovian (late Mississippian/late Early Carboniferous) to Midian/Capitanian (late Middle Permian/late Guadalupian). No significant faunal break can be recognized in this section. The generic and some specific composition of the Yutangzhai assemblages indicates that the faunal succession is similar to those observed in Tethyan and Panthalassan areas and is of tropical Tethyan type although their generic diversity is definitely lower than those of Paleo–Tethyan shelves, such as South China, Indochina, and Central Asia. Throughout the Yutangzhai section, the carbonate rocks are essentially massive, very pure in composition, and devoid of terrigenous siliciclastic inputs. These lithologic characters are identical to those observed in accreted shallow‐marine carbonate successions of seamount origin in Permian and Jurassic accretionary complexes of Japan, for example the Akiyoshi Limestone. This evidence further demonstrates the seamount origin of the basalt–limestone succession in the Central zone of the Changning–Menglian Belt from the viewpoint of lithofacies. In middle Mississippian (middle Early Carboniferous) time, oceanic submarine volcanism that was probably related to hot spot activities formed a number of seamounts and oceanic plateaus. It was active not only in the Panthalassa, but also in the Paleo–Tethys.


The basic links of the hemostatic system and the markers of intravascular thrombogenesis were studied, by using an automatic STA Compact analyzer in 80 patients with locomotor tumors. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 50 patients received clexane, 40 mg, 12 hours before and within 7-18 days after surgery (a study group); 2) 30 patients underwent only nonspecific prevention of thrombotic events (a control group). Postoperatively, hypercoagulation was shown to persist long (up to 18 days) in patients with locomotor tumors. Clexane used in the pre- and postoperative periods within 18-20 days was effective in reducing the rate of intravascular blood coagulation, preventing thrombotic events, and failing to cause hemorrhages.


Based on the global widespread distribution and large storage capacity, deep saline aquifer has shown good performance in CO2 storage and is potentially viable for carbon capture and sequestration (CSS) projects aimed at mitigating excess anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The success of these projects is derived from numerically investigating and understanding the behaviour of CO2 plumes during and after injection using geological models. This work is focusing on storage of CO2 in a geological formation lacking a regional seal. Under a recent deltaic geological environment and in absence of a regional seal the impact of vertical heterogeneity on dissolution rate of CO2 in brine during a CO2 storage project is investigated. This includes creation of a representative model of the geology that will allow for the simulation of fluid flow in a deep saline aquifer for informed business decisions amidst uncertainties. The question of CO2 storage feasibility in such environment is answered. While studying new geological targets for CO2 storage, TotalEnergies looked for resources in recent deltaic environments. Based on real descriptions of prograding delta, a gridded geological model was built based on a fine layering and cells size at large scale (40kmX16kmX1100). Elementary meandering channels were object-based built in proportion of 50%. The main heterogeneity is an extensional fault crossing a sedimentary column with no continuous shaly barrier, only a sand percentage diminution upward. Channels are connected horizontally and vertically (Figure 1). a simulation developed implicit the planning of a storage project. such a geological environment as CO2 resources. This study also provides detailed insight into reservoir trapping and CO2 migration mechanism with the demonstration of computational efficiency by training machine learning models with minimal high-fidelity simulation runs, allowing for robust uncertainty space exploration.


This paper describes a brokerage model for multi-period generation schedule in the interconnected power system based on the nonlinear formulations. The security constraints and transmission losses are considered in this model. We use nonlinear programming to get the most profitable value according to the power flow in the transmission net and the marginal cost offered by clients. The transaction schedules for a 6 bus system with a pump-station and a 30 bus system are calculated to demonstrate the effect of the proposed model.


artIN DIamoND, WINstoN mIlls FIsk, aND Herbert GarFINkle eNtItleD their american government textbook of some years ago The Democratic Republic, stating that this was the best designation to give to the american political order because it implies both of the major political principles it was intended by our Founding Fathers to embody. It is "democratic" in the representative, not pure, sense because the majority rules; it is "republican" because it is supposed to demonstrate such characteristics as restraint, sobriety, competence, and liberty, "the very qualities democratic government needs to be its best self."1 this essay adopts their term "democratic republic" and the understanding they have of it. It turns to important sources from the era of our Founding and in early american history generally in order to determine what our Founders, the political tradition they emerged from, and the political society of early america regarded as the elements and characteristics the political order had to embody and the social conditions which had to prevail in order to maintain a democratic republic. the following sources will be examined to determine this: the political philosophers John locke and baron de montesquieu, selected early state constitutions and bills of rights, the writings of the Founding Fathers, and the situation prevailing at their time, the debates of the First Congress (which framed the bill of rights), and alexis de tocqueville's Democracy in America.


Today's electronic and photonic devices are mainly based on silicon or III-V alloys. Although these materials are extremely successful as individual structures, the preparation of OEICs has not yet achieved adequate results. However, organic compounds may offer a remarkable enrichment in this field. Especially polymers and crystalline organic semiconductors are promising candidates for applications in photonic devices. Due to the compatibility of UHV deposition of organic layers with inorganic semiconductor technology, crystalline organic semiconductors are well suited for OEIC applications. Waveguides, couplers, polarization splitters, and photodetectors are fabricated from UHV-deposited organic films.


Asterias amurensis is a marine organism that damages the fishing industry, but also is a potential source of functional materials. The present study was conducted to analyze the profiles of fatty acids extracted from A. amurensis tissues and their anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In different tissues, the component ratios of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids differed; particularly,polyunsaturated fatty acids such as dihomo-gamma linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) were considerably different. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids from A. amurensis skin, gonads, and digestive glands exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by reducing nitric oxide production and inducing nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Asterias amurensis fatty acids effectively suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2,which are critical inflammation biomarkers, were also significantly suppressed. Furthermore, A. amurensis fatty acids reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p-65, p38, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, indicating that these fatty acids ameliorated inflammation through the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. These results provide insight into the anti-inflammatory mechanism of A. amurensis fatty acids on immune cells and suggest that A. amurensisis a potential fatty acid source of anti-inflammatory molecules.


The current pandemic due to Covid-19 and its consequent social distancing has accelerated the transformation of traditional education towards online education. However, this transformation has been adapted at a technological level, but not pedagogically. This study has aimed to analyze the acquisition of anatomical knowledge of CAFD students using videos and static images of surfing managed through a blog. A total of 106 students from the CAFD degree at the University of Murcia completed this work. In addition, an exam containing five questions on the anatomy applied to surfing was carried out to analyze the effect on learning after viewing the videos/images. After the statistical analysis, a percentage of correct answers of 66.0%, 51.9%, 62.3%, and 63.2% was observed for questions 1, 2, 4 and 5. This methodology, based essentially on an analysis of movement, allows a functional understanding of the anatomy of the locomotor system in the adventure sport of surfing. These results show a practical and novel methodology for the development of online teaching. Furthermore, they reveal the broad scope for improving the teaching of anatomy in CAFD through the combined use of new technologies.


sPHENIX is a new state-of-the-art detector optimized for measurements of jets and heavy flavor which will take advantage of increased luminosity available at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It comprises vertex tracking and hadronic and electromagnetic calorimetry. This enables studies of jet structure, heavy flavor jets, open heavy flavor, and quarkonia, the pillars of the sPHENIX physics program. These measurements will complement measurements at the LHC and enable determination of the properties of the medium created in heavy ion collisions to high precision, including its temperature dependence. This talk will discuss the detector design and key measurements enabled by the new detector, as well as the status of the project itself.


Edge computing is an emerging technique for enhancing the computing experience on mobile devices by offloading computationally demanding jobs to the edge cloud. One of the critical scientific issues in edge computing is scheduling jobs on edge servers with restricted computational resources. In order to address this issue, the paper first suggests a parallel batch processing solution to multi-objective task scheduling using a hybrid P-BPM and PSO algorithm (P-MPSO) method that optimizes objectives while minimizing running costs and the amount of failed jobs running behind schedule in edge clouds. In order to maximize the effectiveness of our approach in light of the variable server performance and the various lags in the processing of jobs, this study then defines two parameters: the processing effectiveness of the server's performance by the P-BPM algorithm and the order of importance of the job by PSO algorithm. The simulation examined in this work were designed to compare the hybrid scheduling algorithms with several already-in-use scheduling techniques. Experiments demonstrate that the hybrid algorithms presented in this research are effective and dependable in lowering running costs and ensuring the scheduling jobs in edge clouds in a timely manner.


Some scholars consider the meeting between Franco and Hassan II at Barajas airport in July 1963 as a turning point in the evolution of the Spanish-Moroccan dispute over Spanish controlled territories in North Africa. Nonetheless, since the content of that meeting was kept secret, we can find still different interpretations and misunderstandings about it. Based on newly available diplomatic documentation, this paper reexamines the factors that led to that meeting in order to shed new light on this historical episode. It describes the Moroccan internal political situation, the challenge represented by Algeria at the time, and the ideological and strategic concept of King Hassan II, which was clearly set out in his negotiation proposal to Spain. After analyzing this, two conclusions are reached. The first one is that this meeting was fruitless, as it did not produce any agreement to solve the territorial disputes between Spain and Morocco. The second one argues that the foreign policy of the Spanish government at the time was shortsighted, because it ignored the decolonization process taking place then at a global scale and did not adopt a realistic stance that could have allowed for securing its interests in North Africa.


Aiming to diminish the backgrounding of the heifers associated to usage of genetic selection to precocious calving (PC), yearling Nelore heifers have been breeding to become pregnant at this early age. The PC has positive correlation with economic carachteristics that impact the beef operation system. The aim of this trial was to evaluate retrospectively the productive data of heifers that became pregnant between 12 to 16 montns (Precocious = P) or 24 to 27 months (Not precocious = NP). A total of 305 heifers born between September and November of 2010 and weaned between May and July of 2011 received a 600 grams/animal/day protein mixture between May and December. At December of 2011, all heifers received an induction of puberty protocol following timed artificial insemination (TAI) according to Rodrigues et al., (Theriogenology, 82, 760, 2014). After the TAI, heifers were exposed to bulls in a proportion of one bull for 30 heifers until March 2012 (2011/2012 breeding season; BS). Heifers that become pregnant in the first BS were classified as P (n=164) and heifers that were not pregnant were classified as NP (n=141). The NP heifers went to the next BS (2012/2013) with 24 to 27 months of age. All heifers were evaluated in the subsequents BS (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The data was retrospectively compared two groups (P vs. NP) of heifers: number of gestations, calving rate and number of weaned calves, total weight (Kg) of weaned calf, pregnancy loss, calf mortality, weight of heifer at weaning, weight of heifer at beggining of BS and mature weight. Mature weight was achieved at appoximately 44 months of age. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure from SAS. There was no difference between age of heifers of P and NP group (432 days = 14.1 mo). The P heifers presented higher number of gestations (2.3 ± 0.05 vs. 1.2 ± 0.06), number of calvings (2.1 ± 0.06 vs. 1.2 ± 0.07) and number of weaned calves (1.4 ± 0.04 vs. 0.7 ± 0.05) compared to NP group (P < 0.05), respectively. Total weight of calf weaned (Kg) was higher to P group (312.5 ± 10) compared to NP (146.8 ± 11). Pregnancy loss (%) were higher for P (14.0) group compared to NP (4.3). There was no difference in calf mortality (10.5%), weight of heifers at weaning (214.1 ± 1.8), at beggining of BS (280.0 ± 1.7) and the mature weight (445.1 ± 3.6) of P and NP heifers. The pregnancy rates (%) at TAI and at end of BS when primiparous was 41.6a and 67.9x for P and 27.9b and 60.4y for NP, respectively. Weight of calves at weaning (Kg) for first and second parurition of P group was 211a and 233b , allthough was 206a for primiparous cows of NP group. In conclusion, yearling Nelore heifers increase the total weight of calf weaned, even with higher pregnancy loss, and also not alter their mature weight. Further prospective studies certainly should be necessary to validate these results.


The understanding and quantification of hydrodynamic lift requires a full appreciation of the phenomena associated with high-speed planing. Repeatability of results is a major problem with planing craft experiments due to the complexity of fluid flows; wetted lengths, for example, are difficult to measure because of the obscurity created by spray-jets. This difficulty in measurement can produce subjective interpretation. Therefore, reducing hydrodynamic lift using uncertainly defined factors, such as wetted data, can be misleading. This paper outlines an experimental method, Computer Vision Data Acquisition (CVDA), that can remove questions of uncertainty regarding dynamic phenomena by remotely capturing large amounts of planing data for immediate and archival use. An example of the importance of this form of data capture and analysis is described by the ability to validate predictive formulae for planing performance in calm water, and to further advance these formulae for predictions outside their designed realms: in waves.


Data abstractions were originally conceived as a specification tool in programming. They also appear to be useful for exploring and explaining the capabilities and shortcomings of the data definition and manipulation facilities of present-day database systems. Moreover they may lead to new approaches to the design of these facilities. In the first section the paper introduces an axiomatic method for specifying data abstractions and, on that basis, gives precise meaning to familiar notions such as data model, data type, and database schema. In a second step the various possibilities for specifying data types within a given data model are examined and illustrated. It is shown that data types prescribe the individual operations that are allowed within a database. Finally, some additions to the method are discussed which permit the formulation of interrelationships between arbitrary operations.


The National Resilience Study is always related to the discussion of national character with human existence as its center. In humans, the mental pole becomes the "regnant nexus", while the physical pole becomes the "subservient", this raises the question of whether mental education takes precedence over physical education in the context of National Defense. This paper aims to examine the politics of sport in Law No. 3 Year 2005 about National Sports System as an effort to create civic fitness to strengthen the Indonesian National Resilience. Sports is expanded from an individual activity into a citizen activity. This expansion is expected to develop the physical, spiritual, and social potential of citizens. Civic fitness concepts and ideas are the basis for structuring sports regulations derived from physical education to serve as preliminary lessons in Indonesian Civil Defense Program. While the competence of citizens in certain sports, such as shooting, archery, throwing, self-defense, can be accelerated as the ability of citizenship to strengthen Indonesian national resilience.


Your reviewer is a little perplexed by this slim volume. on the one hand 'it is about a systematic and structured way of working to transform scattered and disaggregated information into actionable intelligence to create valuable insights and even wisdom to be used in strategic and operational decisions and actions'; on the other hand, what's the big deal? isn't this what special and reference librarians do all the time? The authors, both with commercial (pharmaceutical and packaging) and university library experience, and now with their own consulting companies, want us to understand that 'competitive intelligence managed in a structured way adds value to every business and organisation's future development and competitiveness' – but we already knew this: timely, organised, authoritative, quality information leads to quality decision-making in any context. so what is the book about? i think it is about a five-phase process model for competitive intelligence which moves from planning to collecting, managing, analysing and disseminating information to corporate target groups. of the 12 short chapters, four are devoted to the model, and the others are an amalgam of knowledge management and project management tips, advice on positioning competitive intelligence professionals within organisations and, in the final chapter, brief comments on tools and methods for collective analysis and decision-making. Case studies from the authors' own experience are used sparingly and with insufficient detail to quantify the value to the organisation of following the model. Perhaps there is a problem with the model? in its description of external and internal information sources it reads more like a knowledge management primer explaining tacit and explicit knowledge than a convincing argument for funding the competitive intelligence function. it is arguable that today the most valuable competitive intelligence comes from engaging with customers and seeking feedback on products and services both provided and planned, and not from brainstorming with fellow employees and scanning the social media postings of competitors. Perhaps i am being a little harsh. Maybe i should make allowances for what might have been lost in translation from the swedish. But i was looking for impact, a clear indication of the quantitative and qualitative benefits of a professional and systematic approach to the creation of 'actionable intelligence'. Maybe i should have looked elsewhere.


Average and local experimental heat transfer coefficients are reported for a vertical duct of rectangular cross section where the mean air flow is from the top to the bottom of the duct and where heat is being added to the air at the walls. Results are given for a Reynolds number range of 1,800 to 10,000 based on the equivalent duct diameter for a duct length to equivalent diameter ratio of 69. The characteristic "dip region" in the transition zone between turbulent and laminar flow conditions is absent for Grashof numbers greater than 2 x 10/sup 5/ based on diameter. (auth)


The invention provides a production method of back metal grids. The production method comprises the following steps of providing a semiconductor substrate, wherein a photoelectric signal transmission layer, a titanium nitride protecting layer, a hard mask layer and a graphical photoresist layer are sequentially formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate; by taking the graphical photoresist layer as a mask, etching the hard mask layer and part of titanium nitride protecting layer by adopting fluoride-containing gas; performing a photoresist removing technology in a cavity for etching the titanium nitride protecting layer; cleaning a semiconductor device; by taking the hard mask layer as a mask, etching the titanium nitride protecting layer and the photoelectric signal transmission layer to form the back metal grids. According to the production method provided by the invention, the problem that side walls of the metal grids formed by adopting a traditional production method of the back metal grids are rough is solved.


The article presents the results of theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of non-reactive technologies for cleaning liquids. The method of research includes the main theoretical provisions of the process of coagulation treatment of water taking into account modern trends of its development, modern methods of using this process of water purification, laboratory and production studies on natural waters using the developed device of non-reactive water treatment. Studies of sediment kinetics when settling water after its coagulation showed that the deposition time was reduced – from 30–40 min (without additional treatment) to 8…10 min when treating a coagulant solution in a spiral coil and to 3…5 min when treating in a spiral coil with electrostatic field application.


Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is an intractable problem of the urogenital system. The aetiopathogenesis and effective treatments for CP/CPPS are needed to be untangled. Pirfenidone is a molecule that exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidative stress capacities in a variety of animal experiments and clinical trials. This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of pirfenidone on CP/CPPS and to identify the mechanism responsible for it.


This dataset covers cone index and surface soil moisture measurements over selected agricultural fields, which are also the sites of a few stations within the Raam and Twente soil moisture monitoring networks. A penetrologger (Eijkelkamp) with 1 cm diameter and 60 degree angle was used to collect cone index over the topsoil (upper 20 cm layer) and a TDR (TRIME-IMKO) was used to collect surface soil moisture (upper 5 cm layer). The data set covers 2016 and 2017 growing seasons.


This paper is amid at the turning problem of high temperature low-expanded alloy 4J32 thin tube.It analyzes the machinability in terms of material characteristic and structure of the part.Through improving clamping device,selecting cutting tools and cutting parameters,the distortion is decreased.The distortion is also analyzed and demonstrated using ANSYS software.On the basis of practical application,some measures and methods are put forward.


A simple and facile camera flash sintering method has been developed to sinter the ink-jet printed silver nanoparticle traces at room temperature to form conductive circuit on flexible polymer substrates. The electrical resistivity of silver traces sintered by two times of camera flash can be decreased to 8.4 μΩ cm, which is only about 1/3 that of the silver tracks thermally sintered at 150 °C for 80min. As camera flash sintering is fast, simple and cost-effective, it is promising to be widely used for nanoink-jet printed electronics. Furthermore, this method is expected be readily generalized to prepare other types of metal lines on various substrates such as glass and polymer owing to the room temperature process. The sintering mechanism is also investigated via in-situ recording temperature of the Ag nanoparticles based track during the flash sintering, which confirms the enhanced photothermal effect of nanostructures.


Introduction Identity as expression of interlocking cycles Viability and sustainability: recycling Transforming "patterns of consumption" From "static" to "dynamic" to "cyclic" Emergence of new forms of identity and organization Embodiment of rhythm Generic understanding of "union of international associations" Three-dimensional "cycles"? Interlocking cycles as the key to identity Identity as a strange attractor Periodic table of cycles -and of psyclic identity? Complementarity of four strategic initiatives Development of psyclic awareness Space-centric vs Time-centric: an unfruitful confrontation? Metaphorical vehicles: temples, cherubim and the Mandelbrot set Kairos -the opportune moment for self-referential re-identification Governance as the management of strategic cycles Possible pointers to further reflection on psyclicity References


Integrated circuit verification has gathered considerable interest in recent times. Since these circuits keep growing in complexity year by year, pre-Silicon (pre-SI) verification becomes ever more important, in order to ensure proper functionality. Thus, in order to reduce the time needed for manually verifying ICs, we propose a machine learning (ML) approach, which uses less simulations. This method relies on an initial evaluation set of operating condition configurations (OCCs), in order to train Gaussian process (GP) surrogate models. By using surrogate models, we can propose further, more difficult OCCs. Repeating this procedure for several iterations has shown better GP estimation of the circuit's responses, on both synthetic and real circuits, resulting in a better chance of finding the worst case, or even failures, for certain circuit responses. Thus, we show that the proposed approach is able to provide OCCs closer to the specifications for all circuits and identify a failure (specification violation) for one of the responses of a real circuit.


The practice of aquaculture in the New Alchemists' Ark on Cape Cod, MA, in translucent fiberglass tanks utilized for solar energy heat storage is described. The Ark solar greenhouse is utilized for vegetable, fruit, fish, and tree seedling production and incorporates the aquaculture tanks as passive heat collectors and storage units. The fiberglass tanks are 5 ft in diameter and contain algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria that serve as food, oxygen producers, and fish waste processors. Tanks inside the greenhouse contain warm water fish while containers in the courtyard area contain hardier fish. The algae cells also trap and store heat. A reflective north wall directs light toward the ponds inside and a white concave reflecting wall is used for the courtyard ponds.


Purpose: This study evaluated the x‐ray output stability of the Xoft Axxent™ Electronic Brachytherapy System while delivering fractionated doses to a Nubian milk goat animal model. Method and Materials: Eight balloon applicators were inserted percutaneously into simulated lumpectomy cavities created in the udders of four Nubian milk goats; active and control applicators were inserted in opposite udders. Two goats received spherical applicators and two goats received ellipsoidal applicators inflated to nominal diameters of 3.4 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. Radiation treatment using 40 kV or 50 kV commenced three days after implantation. Prescription dose was 34 Gy to a point 1 cm from the applicator surface to be delivered in 10 fractions BID for 5 days as for conventional APBI. During the final three fractions for each animal,dose rate was monitored by a Victoreen 451B Ion Chamber Survey Meter located 40 cm from the treated udder. Results: Ten fractions were successfully delivered to each goat within five days. X‐ray source performance and dose delivery was very stable during treatments and between different fractions. A flexible radiation shield (which reduced radiation levels around the animals by at least 100×) was positioned to allow line‐of‐sight between the 451B meter and the treated udder. Radiation levels recorded at 1 second intervals during the treatments were analyzed for dose rate fluctuations and drift. The standard deviations from average dose rates varied from 1.2% for the shortest treatments (225 s) at 50 kV to 3.7% for the longest treatments (1450 s) at 40 kV with an average of 1.9% over all fractions. Conclusion: The Electronic Brachytherapy System performed as expected with respect to applicator integrity, controller hardware and software operation, x‐ray source lifetime and stability, and flexible shield radiation attenuation. Conflict of Interest: Research was supported by Xoft, Inc.


language to explain Plato's realism. He talks of a "doxa epistemology" to be contrasted with an "episteme epistemology" and discusses "the really real Forms" (p. 182). Plato's concerns simply cannot be represented in such condensed, obscure terms. This obscurity, largely absent from The Meaning and Purpose of Leisure, can be understood as the product of an overly ambitious attempt to compress complex philosophical discussions into too small a space and fit them into the Habermasian theory of the threats to the ideal of communicative discourse under contemporary capitalism. We find another worrisome conflation of separate meanings in Spracklen's discussion of Wittgenstein's concept of language games. To claim that Wittgenstein "was one philosopher who did think about play and games" (p. 25) and to claim that his concept of language games "gives prominence to play, games and leisure in social discourse" (p. 26) is to slip between two very distinct meanings and uses of the term "game." Wittgenstein's (1953/2001) aim was "to show the fly the way out of the fly-bottle" (p. 309); that is, to dispel the mesmerizing effects of the reference theory of meaning and the misleading grammar of nouns, misleading, that is, for philosophers building theories of meaning. He claimed that a "picture held us captive" (Wittgenstein, 1953/2001, p. 115). These remarks are not at all about leisure practices, but about the genesis of philosophical errors through the misleading reification of nouns in a particular semantic theory. He uses the concept of "games" to illustrate the point that the reference theory of meaning does not work. In conclusion, leaving aside these philosophical anomalies, we find a rich series of complex historically situated descriptions of a great variety of interesting leisure practices which do contribute to the intellectual enrichment of the concept of leisure in ways that differ significantly from other valuable contributions to this project such as that of Stebbins (2012) cited above.


Intensification of agricultural land and the overuse of inorganic fertilisers has led to soil acidification, depletion of organic matter, and environmental pollution. Approaches to protect soil health, including the enhancement of microbial diversity, are integral to improving crop productivity and food security. Metagenomics has rapidly improved our understanding of soil microbial diversity and function, while genetic techniques have helped to dissect the complex signal exchange between microorganisms and plants. This article presents and evaluates reported beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB), focussing on those capable of mobilising or solubilising nutrients and/or stimulating plant growth when applied to agriculturally important grasses. The agricultural industry has capitalised on these scientific advancements, generating microbial formulations for specific crop responses. However, scientific methodologies must be applied in order to overcome inherent limitations of many PGPBs including their inability to be cultured, their poorly defined or multiple modes of action, a low level of integration with the crop partner, and an unpredictability in translating beneficial plant responses to the field. Novel approaches such as engineered rhizospheres, enhancing endophytic systems, cereal nodule development, and the use of inoculant consortiums will be necessary to sustain growth in the biofertiliser industry.


Can the set R n f0g be covered by countably many linearly (algebraically) independent subsets over the field Q? We use a matroid approach to show that an answer is "Yes" under the Continuum Hypothesis, and "No" under its negation. In this paper we discuss partitions of groups and other algebraic objects into independent subsets. The notion of an independent set can be defined for any hull operator. By a hull operator on a set X we understand any function hi: PX ! PX defined on the power-set PX of X such that AhAihBi for any subsets AB of X. A subset AX is called independent (with respect to the hull operator hi) if a /


Waste is a complex societal problem and its management brings together various stakeholders. However, lack of sufficient information on the quantities and types of materials in the waste stream can make sustainable waste management difficult. Since waste in one sector can be valuable as a resource in another, there is a need to understand the distribution of materials within the resource stream, especially those that go to landfill. Current work is seeking to address this: whereas much material is already recycled, this is not the only management option and there remain several problematic materials and components that need to be removed from residual waste. This paper, the first of two case studies, presents a more comprehensive waste composition specification to improve the management of municipal waste. In developing the approach, waste composition specifications currently in use were reviewed and compared with the solid municipal waste collected at community recycling centres and from kerbsides. Key p...


In Japan, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by vehicles have been increasing year by year and it is well known that CO2 causes a serious global warming problem. For urban traffic control systems, there is a great demand for realization of signal control measures as soon as possible due to the urgency of the recent environmental situation. This paper describes a new traffic signal control for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions on an arterial road. First, we develop a model for estimating the emissions using the traffic delay and the number of stops a driver makes. Second, to find the optimal control parameters, we introduce a random search method with rapid convergence suitable for an online traffic control. We conduct experiments in Kawasaki to verify the effectiveness of our method. The experiments show that our approach decreases not only the emissions but also congestion and travel time significantly, compared to the method implemented in the real system.


The conceptualisation of sustainability is one of the main tasks in multidisciplinary research. The methodology of the assessment of sustainability for political environment is presented in this paper. The structure of the methodology includes several steps to achieve the theoretical fullness. Political environment is conceivable as one of the main environments in the theory of balanced social field. According to the sense of balanced social field, there are distinguished nine antinomies in the political environment. Each antinomy is revealed by categories of political sustainability. The sustainability of political environment mostly is measured in electoral data. The electoral method is preferable because of its simplicity and universality for evaluation of political sustainability. Suggested theory is illustrated by the example of geopolitical sustainability patterns in Lithuania.


Papers presented at a conference on major inservice issues are reprinted along with summaries of discussions following the presentations. A decription is given by C.E. Garrison of the Arkansas Program for Effective Teaching, which exemplifies an inservice program wherein all districts in one state are using one highly structured, research-based model. Marian Mohr describes a process that attracts and immerses teachers in an inservice writing project designed to increase professionalism and improve performance by students. PaUl Parks discusses graduate courses in content areas and the quandary of the reluctance of teachers to take graduate courses in content disciplines rather than concentrating their graduate work in education courses. William Graves discusses the prerequistites to attract arts and sciences faculties into inservice education for teachers. Michael Rowls illustrates that school district programs are gradually replacing formal graduate courses as the route to recertification, and the pressure that exists to grant graduate credits for school-based activities. Peer counseling for beginning teachers is discussed by Terry Wyatt. Constance Bergquist describes the Teacher Education Center program in Flordia, an inservice model that allows each district to design its own activities and gives teachers a voice in determining their inservice program content. (JD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** -PERMISSION re) Eif PHODHC.F THIS MATEHIM. HAS BEEN (iHAN ICU BY


Aiming at the importance of the quality of underwater concrete filled piles,the paper analyzes the reasons for the construction accidents which often occur in the underwater concrete,and points out some concrete prevention methods and treatment in order to avoid these accidents and to reduce the losses brought by these accidents and to ensure the construction to go smoothly.


In this paper, the mixed H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// control problems for the multiparameter singularly perturbed systems (MSPS) are discussed. In order to obtain the strategies, the algorithm for solving the cross-coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CARE) is proposed. Since a new algorithm is based on the Newton's method, the proposed method is computationally attractive and the implementation of the algorithm is easy. It is newly proven that the new algorithm guarantees the quadratic convergence. As a result, it is shown that the proposed algorithm succeed in improving the convergence rate dramatically compared with the previous results.


Winder, R.J. see Farling, P. Winter, W. see Holzer, A. Wong, A.Y.C. and O'Regan, A.M. Gangrene of digits associated with radial artery cannulation, 1034 Wong, C.S. see Lu, C.C. Wong, P., Chadwick, F.D. and Karovits, J. Intranasal fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after elective Caesarean section, 818 Wood, M. see Thomas, R. Wood, R.J. see Duffy, M.R. Woodcock, T. In response to 'Consent for Anaesthesia',White SM, Baldwin TJ, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 760–74., 1153 Woolley, T. see Nordmann, G.R. Worsley, M. see Gray, R.A. Wrathall, D.W. see Dagg, L.E. Wright, J.C., Plenderleith, L. and Ridley, S.A. Long-term survival following intensive care: Subgroup analysis and comparison with the general population, 637 Wright, S.E., Bodenham, A., Short, A.I.K. and Turney, J.H. The provision and practice of renal replacement therapy on adult intensive care units in the United Kingdom, 1063


—Financial risk management has always been a key concern for major enterprises. At the same time, with the continuous attention to impoverished rural areas worldwide, financial risk management tools have become an important component of rural economic development organizations to avoid financial risks. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks and deep learning, and due to their strong learning ability, high adaptability, and good portability, some financial risk management tools are gradually adopting technologies such as neural networks and machine learning. However, existing financial risk management tools based on neural networks are mostly developed for large enterprises such as banks or power grid companies, and cannot guarantee their full applicability to rural economic development organizations. Therefore, this study focuses on the financial risk management system used for rural economic development organizations. In order to improve the accuracy of deep learning algorithms in predicting financial risks, this paper designs an improved Glowworm Swarm Optimization (IGSO) algorithm to optimize Deep Neural Networks (DNN). Finally, the effectiveness of the financial risk management tool based on IGSO-DNN proposed in this article was fully validated using data from 45 rural economic development organizations as a test set.


In this paper, I demonstrate how a universalising Muslim identity is constructed in the Facebook prayers of young Finnish Muslims. By analysing the rhetorical devices utilized in the prayer updates, I argue that the prayers serve a function similar to the 'flagging' of national identity; the prayers portray the Islamic umma as a unified community and seek to diminish possible counter-discourses that emphasise ethnic divisions among Muslims. This study thus supports earlier observations of a novel 'umma consciousness' that is on the rise among young generations of Muslims in Europe.


The aim of this research was to determine and establish empirically the effects of instruction in word analysis skills on the improvement of learning to read and write in dyslexic children. The results showed that instruction produces a significant improvement on the subjects' ability to write down dictated sentences and passages. Although training favoured the acquisition of metalinguistics (tasks such as reversal, addition, and omissions of phonetic sounds), the children's reading level did not improve.


Human nature is an important constituent of the Confucianism. To start with Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, this paper makes an analysis of Confucian school's views on human nature in lateral thinking manner. And in vertical thinking manner, the paper makes a comparison between the Confucianism and ancient Greek philosophy. Confucius' proposition, "Human nature is common but practice makes it different one from another", was subsequently developed and emphasized by Mencius and Xunzi, who put forward the Good Nature Doctrine (which attached importance to goodness and meditation) and the Evil Nature Doctrine (which attached importance to propriety and law) respectively. However both of them never deviated from Confucius' ethical pattern, whose ultimate motive is to transform the world and administer the country according to the Confucian ethics. Furthermore, given comprehensive consideration, it can be regarded as reverberations of the age that East philosophy and West philosophy are in accord on this matter.


Observation of social and economic trends has led the Syndicat des Transports Parisiens (STP, the Paris transport authority) to re-examine the ticket price system as it is today. Reform of this system will involve many stakeholders in the transport sector, whose interests are not necessarily the same. They must participate in this project so that a future ticket pricing structure can be accepted by all. Therefore all actors involved must be able to take part in the study which will precede the decisions With this in mind, the STP has called for a methodological study in order to evaluate the impact of ticket price changes based on zoning. The main lines of research concern three phases: (1) definition and evaluation of zoning choices in the Ile-de-France area, (2) quality analysis of potential offer and demand in the areas selected, and (3) evaluation and comparison of the various ticket pricing hypotheses. This methodology is based on a software which will be the basis for analysis and dialogue between the stakeholders involved in ticket price changes. This software must allow, firstly, input, evaluation, modification and comparison of zoning choices, and secondly, it must allow to analyse the transport offer and the potential demand for each zoning choice in order to design and evaluate the impact of a ticket pricing scenario applied to the zoning choice on the basis of hypothetical traffic flow evolution.