there is something of the human mind that remains and is eternal. The question is whether this "something" is enough to secure personal immortality. The heart of Nadler's book is a persuasive argument that these remarks in fact constitute a denial of immortality. Nadler demonstrates that Spinoza is developing the views of Maimonides and especially Gersonides and presents an interpretation on which Spinoza's philosophy of mind constitutes "the culmination of Jewish rationalism." In rejecting any version of individual immortality, offering instead a vision of a single, divine eternal intellect, Spinoza can be seen as "pushing a particular intellectualist account of the mind to its ultimate logical conclusion" (131). Concerned that their Christian hosts would take offense if the community accepted someone who seemed to undermine morality by removing the support of eternal reward and punishment, hoping that their cousins in Portugal would, despite their outward rejection of Judaism, still have a share in the world to come and, most importantly, committed to a version of Judaism still colored in various ways by Catholicism, the Amsterdam community expelled the young heretic with prejudice. Nadler has not settled the question of Spinoza's expulsion, but his well-researched exploration of this aspect of the story will fascinate anyone interested in Jewish thought or early modern philosophy. W. H. BEARDSLEY University of Puget Sound


Lempe village is occupied by various tribes among of them is Buginese, Dampal tribe, and Mandarese tribe, but In quantitative terms Buginese societyis constitute the majorityin the village Lempe which until now is still utilizing plants to meet their daily needs. The objectives of study were to determine the diversity of plants utilized by the Buginese for daily needs, such as food, clothing, shelter, medicine, ritual customs and others. The research has been caryed out from September to October 2014 through interviews with respondents, basedon Pieronietal, (2002). Interview used was semi-structured. The data obtained in the field were analyzed descriptively with a quantitative approach using equation Index of Culture Significance/ ICS (Turner, 1988). The results showed that there were 106 plant species used by Buginese society in the study site for their daily needs. Plants that have the highest ICS was "ase" (Oryza sativa L.) with a ICS value of 50. Buginese community has good knowledge in using of plants for their daily needs for example for food such as "ase" (Oryza sativa L.), "lame kalolo" (Ipomoea batatas L.). As traditional medicine as "Cempa sibokoreng" (Phyllanthus niruri L.), tungke-tungke {Centella asiatica (L.)Urban}, as spice "onnyi" {Curcuma domestica (Sense) Vall.}, "Burica" (Piper ningrum L.). In addition, the people was also use the plant as an ornamental plant as "Kambuno" {Livistona rotundifolia (Lmk) Mast.}, as "Fodder" like "flower aju" {Gliricidia maculata ("Humb. & Kunth") Steud.}, And as a natural pesticide such as "tuba" {Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth.}. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Buginese, Lempe village, Central Sulawesi


The imaging of bistatic SAR with asynchronous transceiver positions is studied in this paper. First of all, the geometry of the asynchronous transceiver model is constructed, and the approximation model of the echo from the bistatic SAR is obtained based on the analysis of the instantaneous transceiver distance. Asynchronous transceiver positions will lead to non-uniform SAR data. This paper first analyzes the method for transforming the asynchronous bistatic model into a monostatic variable motion model. Then with the non-uniform FFT, it resolves the non-uniform sampling problems induced by nonconstant velocities. The simulation experiments show that the bistatic SAR images have good quality, which verifies the validity of the method presented in this paper.


Objectives To investigate the incidence and causes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the relationship between acute rejection and CMV infection in renal allogaft recipients. Methods 187 consecutive renal allograft recipients and their donors were subjected to the serum test for CMV antibody before transplantation. PCR was used to detect CMV DNA in peripheral blood leukocyte specimens of the recipients after operation. Part patients with positive CMV DNA were given to anti CMV treatment. Results CMV DNA was found in 43.3% of the recipients in the first month after transplantation. CMV DNA(+) was significantly more common in recipients who were CMV seropositive before transplantation. The kidney from a CMV seropositive donor had a high risk factor of developing CMV infection for a CMV seronegative recipient. CMV DNA(+) significantly enhanced the development of acute rejection at least during the first 3 months following transplantation. Ganciclovir therapy significantly reduced the number of acute rejection episodes with eliminating of CMV DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes. Conclusion It is important to prevent and treat CMV infection in renal allograft recipients.


The recent years,with the rapid development of waste water treatment,some treatment technologies which were activated sludge biochemical method,submerged double membrane method,catalytic wet oxidation method and fixed bed ion exchange resin adsorption method have been perfected.However,as for the field of acrylic acid,the one of the most useful method is thermal incineration.After incineration,The COD of the drainage is less than 100.What's more,the PH,solid suspension and ammonian can reach the standard.The paper which based on the data of performance test,is raised several reforming plans such as adding the anti-surging pipe、recycling the waste water as well as adding the steam purging pipe etc.With these reforms and remodification,it can realize the purpose of saving energy and keeping environment.


Abstract This article examines the history of two examples from American Indian languages as an illustration of the ways in which the ambivalent and controversial nature of linguistic complexity has shaped the attitudes to "exotic" languages. In particular, I trace the life cycles of the Cherokee verbs for washing and the Eskimo words for snow from an unbiased origin in the works of John Pickering (1777-1846) and Franz Boas (1858-1942) to ideologically oriented uses as evidence for claims advanced within late 19th century anthropological racism and 20th century cultural relativism, respectively. The history of these examples illustrates the instrumental treatment of linguistic data in secondary references in linguistics and the social sciences as well as contradictory interpretations of complexity, as shown by the overemphasis on lexical overabundance and the disregard for morphological complexity of the languages in question. More generally, I show that the notion of complexity has been a key aspect of discussions concerning such issues as cross-linguistic differences in linguistic structure, evaluations of languages regarded as "exotic" or "primitive" as well as the assumed cognitive, cultural and social correlates of linguistic structure.


Both temporally and Spectrally resolved fine structures of 90° lateral 3/2ω0 harmo-nic emission were experimentally observed. The existence of 3/2ω0 harmonic filaments isattributed to the 3/2ω0 harmonic radiation emitted from neighborhood of the bottom ofmoving filament, about nc/4 away from it. The double hump structure with intensered hump of laterally emitted 3/2ω0 spectrum can also be explained by Doppler correc-tion besides the thermal correction due to fast moving TPD process occuring in the unstable filaments. Estimation of both red and blue shifts using our simple model is wellconsistent with experimental results. Experiments showed that the 3/2ω0 emission wasobviously suppressed by using broad band laser owing to more uniform illumination on the target surface and broad band effect. These may be promissing for superhot electron suppression.


lesser 17-ketosteroid depression or a shorter time of treatment, together with a smaller number of patients. The fact that some response was obtained, presumably by suppression of adrenal androgen production, supports the view that there is some abnormality in adrenal secretion in these patients (Brooks and Prunty, 1960). The 17-ketosteroids were well suppressed in nearly all patients, but even in spite of this many showed little or no improvement. There is a hint from the results that the response was best in those patients who responded abnormally to corticotrophin. The effect of added oestrogen in the hirsutism could not be determined and we do not have the impression that under our conditions it was important. Nevertheless it is of theoretical interest that we have observed some synergism with prednisone on 17-ketosteroid depression, though this was relatively small. This effect has also been observed by Armstrong (1955) on combining stilboestrol and cortisone and by ourselves in the congenital type of adrenal hyperplasia (Brooks et al., 1960). The unfavourable results of ovarian wedge resection in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome on the accompanying hirsutism seems to be a frequent experience (Perloff et al., 1958) though some observers have claimed to find favourable changes (Leventhal and Cohen, 1951). TIhe fact that four out of six patients who were trying to become pregnant after wedge resection did so is in keeping with the 60% occurrence of this result observed by others (see Bailey, 1959).


SYNOPSIS The differences between the leaves and fruit of Maytenus acuminata and Cassine eucleiformis were investigated experimentally. Leaf differences alone are sufficient to distinguish between the two species having the common characteristics of silky threads in the leaves and twigs. Cassine maritimum is the third species in the Southern Cape which possesses the characteristic of silky threads.


I count myself one of the number of those who write as they learn and learn as they write. -Augustine


COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on global economic activity, but the negative effects vary from country to country. The key factors determining the depth of the impact are the economic situation at the beginning of 2020, the features of the economic structure and the fiscal capacity of governments to help citizens, businesses and the economy as a whole. Free zones and special economic zones are historically perceived as places that, to some extent, protect investors from unpredictability and act as places where the weak business environment is mitigated. The article investigates the impact of pandemic COVID - 19 on the world's economic situation and free zones, as well as free zones forecasts on the economic recovery. The objective of the article – to analyse the impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the world free zones performance and global economic situation. Within the framework of the study has been characterised the impact of pandemic COVID - 19 on the world's economic situation, described the extent and nature of the COVID- 19 pandemic impacts on performance in the Free Zones, as well as has been described the impact of pandemic COVID 19 on the operation of free-zone enterprises in Latvia by analysing the example of Rezekne's special economic zone.The descriptive methods, document analysis, comparative analysis was used in the study, survey.


This text introduces the economic life span into the medical equipments management, and analyze the medical equipments relevant factors of the economic life span from two aspects, the analytical and economic life span settled in the medical equipments management.


The authors studied: shape, size and magnetic properties of sol nanoparticles аre obtained from powders by ultra sound dispersions by probe methods of atomic and magnetic microscopy. It is revealed that when the field increases, the deflection of sizes from average decrease and the shapes approach the forms of disks (((D)«70 nm with H = 473kA/m)), volumes of powder products decrease as well. Some preliminary explanations are represented.


Cardio vascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Europe, United States, most parts of Asia and recently in developing countries. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the high blood cholesterol contributes to approximately 56% cases of CVD worldwide and causes about 4.4 million deaths in each year. Presently, the existing drugs used in CVD are associated with side effects such as abnormal liver disease, diarrheal, gastric irritation and nausea. In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and copious amount of evidence is available regarding the potential use of medicinal plants in various traditional system of medicines. Several herbs have been reported to reduce high blood cholesterol without negative side effects and they are relatively affordable. In the present study, the effect of celery on cholesterol induced rats was studied. Ethanolic extract of celery stem was orally administered by post treatment at the dose level of 500mg/kg of body weight for 7 th , 14 th , 28 th and 56 th days respectively. Administration of cholesterol induced rats resulted in increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and decreased the HDL cholesterol (Hyperlipidemic). Administration of celery extract resulted in HDL cholesterol increase and decrease in the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL in time duration dependent manner. The above finding proved that 56 th


This paper is concerned with a detailed study of controllability for a broad class of discrete linear stochastic systems with multiplicative state-dependent and control-dependent noise. Comparatively analysed are two approaches to the problem : the first employs a stochastic Liapunov-like function, and the second uses the well-known Chebyshev probability bound. It is shown for discrete systems with multiplicative noise that the Chebyshev approach is more suitable in general systems application.


The structure and characteristics of magnetron injection gun for mm-wave gyro-klytron are introduced. Properties of electron beam directly affect the parameters of gyro-klytron. In order to get high efficiency and high output power, a code for the electron gun was used to simulate the electron trajectory, and the influence of electrode shape, magnet field and electron trajectory on the electron beam has been studied. The simulation results became the foundation for the electron gun design.


The third issue of the Scandinavian Economic History Review for 2008 is also the third issue worked out by the new editorial team located at Department of Economic History, Uppsala University. As shall already be clear from the previous 2008 issues, we aim to follow the familiar route of the review: to publish articles and reviews in the broad field of Nordic economic, social and business history, as well as contributions from closely related fields such as history of technology, maritime history and the history of economic thought. However, the Nordic borders will not be absolute. We encourage and invite contributors from all parts of the globe, and we accept relevant articles with a more general or theoretical content. SEHR is by now foremost an electronic journal. The obvious benefit of this is wider dissemination and accessibility. In 2009 the layout of SEHR will be slightly altered to better suit the electronic format but readers will remain familiar with the content.This year's final issue presents four articles. Lars Fredrik Andersson and Magnus Lindmark address the relation between structural change, productivity growth and conditions on the labour market in Sweden. They argue that the relation between structural change and productivity growth has weakened since the 1970s, while the implications for the labour market seem to have been amplified. Jari Kauppila analyses the impact of interwar period tariffs in Finland on the value added of different industries and on prices. He finds that tariff policy basically was directed towards keeping up prices of agriculture and food products in order to secure domestic supply, rather than providing any efficient protection for infant industries. Harald Espeli's article enters a related field namely the roots (basically laid in the 1920s) of Norwegian agricultural protectionism. Finally Peter Hedberg and Elias Håkansson, using the example of Swedish-German bilateral agreements, confront the conventional view that Nazi Germany in the 1930s adopted exploitative trade policies towards small dependent nations. Their analysis focuses on cash flows and the commodity structure of the trade usually employed to indicate exploitative relations. The articles mentioned above like all articles published in SEHR are scrutinized through a double blind peer-review process. We would like to use this opportunity to thank all our referees for their valuable contribution to the quality of the articles we publish. In the end, we, the editors, remain responsible for the selection and standard of the articles. Our job in this respect would be very much more difficult without the unselfish and essential efforts in the name of science performed by our reviewers.


Cuts through the jargon to give many clear and useful portrayals of work with destructive tendencies in a variety of contexts. Weininger has much to say about adults who seem to stall or lead life in reverse, and the many individuals who feel numb or dead and undo whatever they try to build.


Depending on the heat treatment, Alloy 600 shows very varying resistance to intergranular corrosion as measured by the ASTM G-28 test. Alloys with high carbon and/or low titanium contents show very high susceptibility to intergranular corrosion also in the solution-annealed condition. Alloys with low contents of carbon and titanium have good resistance in the solution annealed condition. Alloy 800 (Sanicro 30) shows very good resistance in the G-28 test. As indicated by the G-28 test, the microstructure of Alloy 600 is changed by exposure at 295/sup 0/C for 24000 h. This is also the case for Alloy 800 in the stress-relieved condition, whereas the microstructure was not influenced in the solution-annealed condition. In the autoclave test both alloys showed very good resistance to SCC attack regardless of heat treatment and crevice conditions. However, one must bear in mind that the effect of the nitriding conditions could not be evaluated. Autoclave testing in high-pressure water-20 ppM Cl/sup -/, 1 ppM O/sub 2/, 295/sup 0/C, 10/sup 7/, Pa-containing hydrazine for 24000 h gives nitriding in Alloy 600 specimens. 11 fig, 3 tables. (auth)


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with malnutrition resulting from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bacterial overgrowth, and intestinal dysmotility as a consequence of hyperviscous intestinal contents. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease associated with gluten exposure leading to such symptoms as malnutrition, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. CD is common in many countries, including the United States, and it should be considered in any patient that presents with malnutrition, abdominal pain, or diarrhea. Other autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune hepatitis can be associated with CD. Various serum antibody tests are available to diagnose CD, although the gold standard of CD diagnosis is esophagogastroduodenoscopy with multiple duodenal biopsies. Treatment of CD includes lifelong removal of dietary gluten, which leads to resolution of malnutrition symptoms and reduces the risk of developing other autoimmune diseases and small bowel lymphoma. The prevalence of CD in CF patients is higher than in the general population, and any CF patient showing continuing signs and symptoms of malabsorption should be screened for CD.


In plastic packaging companies using the Inject stretch blow machine (ISBM) process, changing molds is an activity that has the potential for work accidents. This is based on work activities carried out involving equipment that is quite heavy and has enormous dimensions. The purpose of this research is to find out the hazard factors of work accidents that occur and provide the development of solutions to avoid work accidents. This study uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) method. The results of this study are the factors that cause work accidents in the mold-changing process at the Inject stretch blow machine (ISBM). The stages carried out in this study are hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control, and residual risk assessment. The results obtained from this research are in the form of designing SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for production activities and installing warnings on each machine, which will be used as a proposal for appropriate work risk control to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are always required to check the working tools' condition before starting work. This will be used as an appropriate work risk control proposal to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are always required to check the working tools' condition before starting work. This will be used as an appropriate work risk control proposal to prevent work accidents in this company. In addition, personal protective equipment that workers can use is the use of gloves, head protectors, and the use of safety shoes. In addition, workers are required to always check the working tools' condition before starting work.


Virtual Content Insertion (VCI) is an emerging application of video analysis. For VCI the spatial position is very important as improper placement will make the insertion intrusive. To choose the spatial position, we propose the notation of Lower Attentive Region (LAR) and provide a generic framework of LAR detection for broadcast video. An LAR is defined, from the cognition point of view, as a region of the video frame which attracts less audiencepsilas attention. It can be changed with little interruption to the main content of the original video. The proposed LAR detection framework includes both bottom-up and top-down modules and can be adapted to all types of videos. Finally we apply the proposed LAR detection approach to broadcast sports video by integrating domain knowledge. The Experiments on LAR detection and VCI in broadcast video demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The macronutrient status and the amount of nutrient removed from harvested fruits, pruned leaves and branches of starfruit of various crop loads grown under netted structure in MARDI Serdang, Selangor, was investigated. Only leaf N was significantly reduced with increase in crop load. The fruit and branch macronutrient concentrations were not influenced by the crop load. As crop load increased, the harvested fruit dry weight increased significantly (p ≤0.05). The total dry weight of leaf and branch removed after harvest was not significantly influenced by the crop load. The amount of nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) removed by harvested fruits increased significantly (p ≤0.05) with increase in crop load. However, the total amount of each nutrient removed after harvest (inclusive of harvested fruits, and pruned leaves and branches) were not significantly influenced by the crop load. This was due to the high vegetative growth of low crop load trees. The nutrient budget derived showed that the amount of fertilizer (720 g N: 735 g P2O5: 1 440 g K2O) provided to the plants were sufficient to support the various crop loads.


Information Technology (IT) opens new opportunities for microenterprises to improve their businesses. However, challenges to using IT impede these businesses from growing into drivers for socio-economic development. This paper investigates the adoption of IT in two microenterprises in an underserved community of Omaha, Nebraska. Following a case study approach using action research methodology, this research provides insight into the key challenges and opportunities facing micro-enterprises in their use of IT to create value for their businesses. This study outlines an innovative process with an emphasis on relationship-building, customised training, context sensitivity, and solutions that target strongly-perceived needs of the businesses studied to help facilitate technology adoption. The paper's contribution is in the methodology for facilitating the adoption of IT in micro-enterprises and also discusses effects on socio-economic development resulting from the adoption of technology. The paper concludes with guidelines for practitioners in assisting microenterprises with technology.


The expression of CD21 and CD23 is coincident in differentiating B cells during the T1 to T2 splenic transition stage. To define the factors regulating the expression of CD21 and CD23, we have used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to map candidate transcription factors. Total naïve splenocytes showed constitutive binding of Oct1, NFATc3, YY1, NFkB-p52, PU.1, Pax5, E2A and RBP-Jk; to CD21 sequences (promoter and first intron) and NFkB-p52, Pax5, NFATc3, E2A and RBP-Jk to CD23 promoter sequences. Analysis of naïve T and B cell subsets showed constitutive binding of YY1, NFkB-p52, Pax5, Oct1 and NFATc3 proteins to CD21 sequences and NFkB-p52, Pax5, NFATc3 to CD23 promoter in B cells, but no specific binding of NFATc3 or Pax5 in T cell populations. Transcripts and protein for various NFAT species are present in splenic B and T cell (NFATc1, c2, c3, c4, NFAT5), but only a subset of NFAT proteins were defined to form constitutive complexes with the CD21 and CD23 gene sequences of resting T and B cells. The shared transcriptional control elements of CD21 and CD23 did not suggest an obvious means of alternative transcriptional regulation of these genes in marginal zone (MZ) B cells where CD21 cell surface expression and transcription are high and that of CD23 is absent or very low. These data suggest a model where MZ cells are derived directly from T1 splenic precursors.
 NIH-AI-24158 to JHW and NIH-AI-32223 to JJW


The concept of metadata common factors affecting data quality data flexibility and responsive to business change active information management metadata entity types introduction to the enterprise metamodel the challenges of information management recognizing the fallacy of software engineering distinguishing between data and information Occam's dilemma - recognizing necessary complexity establishing a common basic metamodel metadata in business managing the metadata the role of metadata in application development and support metadata in data warehousing and business intelligence the role of metadata on the Internet the basics of metamodelling design and management of metadatabases interaction between metamodels.


In this paper we investigate the problem of simultaneously identifying the conductivity and the reaction in electrical impedance tomography with available measurement data on an accessible part of the boundary. We propose an energy functional method and the total variational regularization combining with the quadratic stabilizing term to tackle the identification problem. We show the stability of the proposed regularization method and the convergence of the finite element regularized solutions to the identification in the Lebesgue spaces and in the sense of the Bregman distance with respect to the total variation semi-norm. To illustrate the theoretical results, a numerical case study is presented which supports our analytical findings.


An apparatus for modifying an audio signal, comprising determining the shape of an envelope, a filter bank processor, a signal processor, a synthesizer, and the envelope shaper. Envelope shape determiner determines the envelope shape factor, and a filter with a group of processors to generate a plurality of sub-band domain signal based on the frequency-domain audio signal based on the frequency-domain audio signal represents the time domain input audio signal. Further, the signal processor to modify the frequency band of the plurality of sub-band signal in a subband domain with a target signal based on a predetermined modification. Synthesis synthesizer comprises at least a subset of the sub-band domain signal with the modified frequency band of the plurality of sub-band signal to obtain a time domain audio signal. Further, when envelope shaping is based on the envelope shape coefficient shaped envelope domain audio signal, to shape the envelope comprises a sub-band domain signal modified with a plurality of sub-bands based on the number of domain band envelope shape factor or prior to sub-band domain signal is modified with the signal processor, a shape factor based on the envelope to shape the frequency band of the plurality of sub-band signal to obtain a shaped envelope of the audio signal.


An integrated CMOS chip for performing electrochemical experiments, which can continuously monitor the metabolic activity of biological cells, is presented. The chip comprises an array of 1024 platinum working electrodes, 64 current readout channels, an integrated potentiostat with on-chip counter, as well as reference electrodes and a temperature sensor. Two different sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters are implemented to realize the current measurement. The first-order sigma-delta converter has a linearity and resolution of better than 11 bits, whereas the second-order sigma-delta converter achieves a resolution and linearity of better than 12 bits. The current range can be set from 2 μA down to 100 pA. The chip package comprises small wells for the cells and reservoirs for the culture media; moreover, it protects the electrical connections. Proof-of-concept measurements of glucose concentrations are shown.


We study elementary equivalence of adele rings and decidability for adele rings of general number fields. We prove that elementary equivalence of adele rings implies isomorphism of the adele rings.


Gravity and gravity gradiometry measurements are commonly used to map density variations in the subsurface. Gravity measurements can characterize gravitational anomalies at both long and short wavelengths effectively, but the cost of collecting a sufficiently spatially dense survey to characterize the short wavelengths can be prohibitive. Gravity gradient data can be quickly collected with short wavelength information at a low noise level, but have decreasing sensitivity to longer wavelengths. We describe a method to jointly invert gravity and gravity gradient data that takes advantage of the differing frequency contents and noise levels of the two methods to create an improved image of the subsurface. Previous work simply treated the inversion as a multiple component gravity inversion, however this can cause unintended errors in the recovered models because each data set is not guaranteed to be fit within its noise level. Our joint inversion methodology ensures that both the gravity and gravity gradient data sets are fit to within their individual noise levels by incorporating a relative weighting parameter, and we describe how to find that parameter. This method can also be used to create an improved broadband gravity anomaly map that has a reduced noise level at long wavelengths using a joint equivalent source reconstruction. We first build a synthetic model using a Minecraft world editor, that has different wavelength anomalies, and show the improvement with joint inversion. These results are also confirmed using a real world example at the R. J. Smith test range in Kauring, Australia.


Irradiation of insulating polymer films with nonpenetrating electron beams results in lasting space charge. The charge-storage properties of polymer electrets are the most important for their application. The location of the charge and the radiation-induced conductivity are interesting both for production of foil electrets and for the investigation of charge phenomena in such materials. In this paper, charge buildup in 30 micrometers thick films of polypropylene irradiated with monoenergetic electron beams of 10 to 45 KeV energy is investigated. Using the split-Faraday cup, the mean charge depth at the beginning of electron injection, at the termination of injection, and 10 minutes after the injection are measured. It is found that the depth increase with time during charging, but decreases a little after the injection of electron beams. The charge depth also increases with the amount of injected charge. From the dynamics of charge motion during irradiation, the radiation-induced conductivity is determined as a function of dose rate.


This paper studies the effect of corporate governance on the performance and growth of low-tangibility firms. The literature stresses the link between the tangibility of assets and the threat of liquidation. In support of the hypothesis that the liquidation threat acts as a disciplinary force, I find that good external corporate governance – measured through firm-level takeover defenses and state antitakeover laws – is associated with higher performance only for firms holding a large share of intangible assets. The analysis also reveals significant changes in firms' use of external finance. Equity issues drop significantly for low-tangibility firms after the passage of antitakeover laws, which has real effects on their sales and asset growth.


relatively recent innovation of Rich Internet Applica- tions (RIAs) has introduced important usability and reli- ability improvements to server-side web applications; how- ever, no existing modelling language for web applications can model the new concepts involved. Our proposed In- ternet Application Modelling Language aims to provide a simple domain-specific language for RIAs. In this paper, we discuss the ongoing development of both a meta-model for this language and its accompanying CASE tool, which aims to provide a rich modelling environment for the design, development and deployment of RIAs.


ABSTRACT Worldwide, shorebirds are a major component of rice field avian biodiversity. Rice fields in Argentina and southern Brazil hold large numbers of shorebirds and have been recognized as important areas for migrating or wintering species. To develop successful shorebird conservation strategies, we need to understand geographic variation in shorebird abundance in rice fields as well as how bird use of rice fields varies over the rice growing cycle. We surveyed shorebirds in November and December in the main rice cultivation regions of interior Argentina and coastal Brazil to estimate shorebird densities using distance sampling and to evaluate densities of individual species at different stages of the rice cycle. We detected >7,000 shorebirds in rice fields, including a variety of Nearctic migrants. Density of resident species was generally low and showed no differences between countries. Densities of migratory taxa were higher and varied between Brazil and Argentina. Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) were the most common species in Argentina, but White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis) and American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica) were the most common species in Brazil. Pectoral Sandpiper density was nearly 8 times higher in Argentina than in Brazil; densities of the White-rumped Sandpiper and American Golden-Plover were 33 and 25 times higher in Brazil than in Argentina. Shorebird density was highest in lightly flooded paddies with rice height <20 cm. Our findings confirm the importance of rice paddies for shorebirds in southeastern South America and emphasize the need for detailed assessments to ensure that agricultural chemical and water management practices are biodiversity friendly.


Training evaluation is carried out to assess how effective a training is, so that it can have an influence on business actors. This study aims  to analyze the effect of reaction rates, levels of learning and the level of change in participant behavior towards business development.This research took place at the Makassar Industrial Training Center. The location selection was carried out by purposive sampling with the consideration that the location is one of the industrial training institutions for business actors, especially small industries in the field of food processing. The population in this study were alumni of training who were food processing business actors, using the Slovin formula, a sample of 77 people was obtained. The analytical method used to answer the objectives of this study is descriptive quantitative and regression analysis.The results of the analysis show that the training of various food processing for food processing business actors carried out by the Makassar Industrial Training Center based on the reaction rate variable is very effective with a score of 3.27, the learning variable is effective with a score of 3.24 and the behavior change variable is effective with a score of 3.12. Regression analysis shows that the effectiveness of training has a significant effect on improving the performance of food processing business actors.


Thank you very much for downloading tom clancys ghost recon island thunder primas official strategy guide. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this tom clancys ghost recon island thunder primas official strategy guide, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The random-utility-based multiregional input-output (RUBMRIO) model allows detailed evaluation of complex transportation networks and economic system interactions across firms, households, regions and travel modes. This paper extends the RUBMRIO model to characterize near-term production and trade patterns based on current settlement and earnings patterns, and to introduce dynamic features which forecast the evolution of a region's trade pattern. Household moves are specified as a dynamic feature of RUBMRIO. By making household demands exogenous in near-term model applications, the proposed version of RUBMRIO tempers the equilibrium-based predictions, producing estimates that should prove close to reality. The dynamic RUBMRIO model is applied for Texas's 254 counties, with production, population, and trade patterns driven by foreign, domestic and household demand. Removing the household sector from the spatial input-output tables and assuming stickiness in migration allows the model to recognize the strong evolutionary impacts that existing populations have on the state's future. The dynamic features of this model of spatial interaction and location choice offer transportation planners and policymakers valuable predictions of future trade patterns and assessment of regional transportation conditions.


Objective - This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of Occupational Health and Safety, and the Working Environment on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a mediating variable in PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) with sample on DAOP I Jakarta.
Methodology/Technique - The study population numbered 292 employees and 75 respondents be adopted as a sample of the study. Techniques of analysis using a statistical test structural equation model-based variance (SmartPLS).
Findings – The results showed that, (1) Occupational Health and Safety had no effect on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance, (2) the Work Environment had a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance (3) Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance, (4) Occupational Health and Safety has no effect on Employee Performance even though through Job Satisfaction mediation, (5) the Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance through mediation of Job Satisfaction, (6) Occupational Health and Safety, and the Work Environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction with the coefficient of determination, which is equal to 0,533, (7) Occupational Health and Safety, Work Environment, and Job Satisfaction simultaneously have a positive effect and significant to Employee Performance with coefficient of determination, which is equal to 0,890.
Novelty - The company is expected to provide adequate rest periods, maintain the nutritional intake of its employees by providing healthy food, provide educational scholarships for further levels for employees, safeguard the work environment from chemical hazards and other hazards, and give positive motivation to the employees.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: J20, J24, J28.
Keywords: Occupational Health and Safety, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, Employee Performance
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Dwi, L.S; Putri, N; Yuwono; Amir, I. (2021). Effect of Occupational Health and Safety, and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Working Satisfaction as Mediation Variable, Journal of Management and Marketing Review, 6(2) 117 – 124. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2021.6.2(3)


We present a novel elastic network model, lmcENM, to determine protein motion even for localized functional motions that involve substantial changes in the protein's contact topology. Existing elastic network models assume that the contact topology remains unchanged throughout the motion and are thus most appropriate to simulate highly collective function-related movements. lmcENM uses machine learning to differentiate breaking from maintained contacts. We show that lmcENM accurately captures functional transitions unexplained by the classical ENM and three reference ENM variants, while preserving the simplicity of classical ENM. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a large set of proteins covering different motion types. Our results suggest that accurately predicting a "deformation-invariant" contact topology offers a promising route to increase the general applicability of ENMs. We also find that to correctly predict this contact topology a combination of several features seems to be relevant which may vary slightly depending on the protein. Additionally, we present case studies of two biologically interesting systems, Ferric Citrate membrane transporter FecA and Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase.


Reliability modelling and verification is indispensable in modern manufacturing, especially for product development risk reduction. Based on the discussion of the deficiencies of traditional reliability modelling methods for process reliability, a novel modelling method is presented herein that draws upon a knowledge network of process scenarios based on the analytic network process (ANP). An integration framework of manufacturing process reliability and product quality is presented together with a product development and reliability verification process. According to the roles of key characteristics (KCs) in manufacturing processes, KCs are organised into four clusters, that is, product KCs, material KCs, operation KCs and equipment KCs, which represent the process knowledge network of manufacturing processes. A mathematical model and algorithm is developed for calculating the reliability requirements of KCs with respect to different manufacturing process scenarios. A case study on valve–sleeve component manufacturing is provided as an application example of the new reliability modelling and verification procedure. This methodology is applied in the valve–sleeve component manufacturing processes to manage and deploy production resources.


In this editorial I want to introduce a new manuscript genre for EJIS. This new genre is called "Clinical IS Research" and adds to the existing set of genres that was introduced some years ago (Te'eni et al., 2015). The addition of this new genre follows the publication of the first issue of EJIS this year which was a special issue entitled "Clinical Research from Information Systems Practice". The editors of this special issue define clinical IS research as "a research genre that generates knowledge from, and establishes the effectiveness of, practitioner-researcher interventions in achieving desired outcomes in information systems development, use, and management practice contexts" (Baskerville et al., 2023, p. 2). The editors say that their goal is "to move practitionerresearchers within the Information Systems discipline from being commentators and consumers of Information Systems research to having an active voice in producing research to inspire others within the field (Baskerville et al., 2023, p. 8). I agree entirely with this goal. I believe that we, as IS scholars, need to engage with practitioners more effectively. One way of doing this is to encourage practitioners who have the required research training to contribute their knowledge and expertise to our academic journals. This new genre on clinical IS research is described on the EJIS website as follows:


From a mesoscopic viewpoint, the effects of SiC particles on fatigue crack initiation and growth behavior in an A6061-T6 metal matrix composite (MMC) were investigated with a topographical approach employing a laser-type profile measurement microscope. The results are summarized as follows. Fatigue crack of MMC grew and stopped sporadically and crack propagation rate decreased with a decrease in the number of particles. Fatigue crack of MMC originated from the aluminum matrix and the crack growth was a shear mode. Thus, the fractured surface showed crystallographic facets. The number of facets on the fractured surface decreased with increasing number of particles, since SiC particles in the aluminum matrix were resistant to shear mode crack growth. Crack growth changed from shear mode to brittle-like monotonic fracture mode when SiC particles cracked.


A triangular shock‐wave of sufficient intensity propagating in a metal sample may induce melting. When it reaches the free surface, tensile stresses are generated in the liquid state and lead to the creation of an expanding cloud of liquid debris. This phenomenon called micro‐spalling consists in a dynamic fragmentation process in the melted material. Plate impact experiments, associated to the so‐called Asay window technique, have been performed on tin to investigate this phenomenon.


The paper provides information about two newly recorded species for the fauna of Bulgaria: Docosia rohaceki Sevcik, 2006 and Leia graeca Bechev, 1997 and new localities for another two rare species in Bulgaria. Azana (A.) bulga rense Coher, 1995 is proposed as a synonym of Azana (A.) flavohalterata Strobl, 1909.


Cracking failure in masonry houses founded on expansive soils has been widely reported throughout Australia and other countries. The cost associated with such damage is significant. The current codes of practice only provide broad guidance on the design principles of masonry under ground movement, due to a lack of research in the area. In this paper a numerical model has been developed to study the behaviour of masonry walls under footing movements as a result of expansive soils. The model is based on Distinct Element Method (DEM) which has been applied successfully by the authors to model the masonry walls under simulated (static) in-plane earthquake forces. The model is capable of predicting the crack initiation, propagation and failure modes of masonry walls under various footing movements (doming or dishing curvatures). The numerical solutions obtained from the distinct element analysis are validated by comparing the results with those obtained from the existing experiments.


There can be no doubting that the Second Vatican Council has had a remarkable impact on the Catholic Church and its people in Australia. Many would argue that the council's influence extends far beyond the Catholic Church and touches other churches.


This work is part of a series of projects which aim to advance the understanding of soot and its formation. The key parameter of interest is the measurement of temperature in the presence of soot. The present paper reports temperature measurements using non-linear regime two-line atomic fluorescence (NTLAF). This paper demonstrates the applicability of a single set of NTLAF constants across a wide range of flame conditions. NTLAF has been shown to resolve the temperature profile across the stoichiometric envelope for hydrogen, ethylene and natural gas flames, with deviation from thermocouple measurements not exceeding 100K, and typically <30K. Measurements in flames containing soot demonstrate good capacity of NTLAF to exclude interferences which hamper most two-dimensional thermometry techniques.


Game users today have a lot, ranging from children to adults. Even parents are now starting to play the game as free time to get rid of boredom. Online games are now a favorite for users. The Hago application not only presents a number of game options, but the application can be used in the world of education, such as the use of chat rooms with several menu choices in it. With the chat room feature, users can communicate remotely, especially students and teachers in terms of learning. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of Hago chat Room as a virtal classroom for students. The type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data in the form of recorded chat room user conversations, while the data source in this study is the chat room menus in Hago. Data collection techniques are done by recording several menus in the chat room and data analysis techniques, namely analyzing the menus in the chat room into a virtual classroom. The results showed that the chat room has benefits in the world of education, namely virtual classrooms by utilizing the menus in the chat room.


Xiufengsi Landslide is an ancient landslide in Wushan County, Chongqing, China. Under natural condition, this landslide is stable. Due to the Three Gorges Reservoir, however, the water level in this region fluctuates within the range of [145 m, 175 m], periodically. Furthermore, an increasing number of residential quarters have been built on this landslide that also increase the possibility of occurrences of the landslide. Motivated by the government's desire to take measures in control the landslide, we use two approaches to study the stability of this landslide. Under different computational conditions, the safety factors of the landslide are calculated by using limit equilibrium method and finite element method, respectively. Based on the comparison of the results, the stability of the landslide is analyzed more objectively and comprehensively. This work also lends insight into the landslide forecast.


ABSTRACT Participants completed three cued-switching tasks, responded to two category-fluency probes, two letter-fluency probes, and two probes to alternate between two targets. Correlations across the three cued-switching tasks were significant for both switching costs and mixing costs. The bilingual advantage hypothesis was tested both by forming language groups and treating bilingualism as a continuous variable. No bilingual advantages were observed. In verbal-fluency monolinguals generated more correct responses but the bilingual disadvantage on the category task was not reduced in the letter-fluency scores. The bilingual disadvantage was eliminated when the groups were matched on vocabulary size. The verbal-fluency measures obtained when participants alternated between targets weakly correlated with the switching-costs obtained in the cued-switching tasks.


The World Bank financed the Gujarat State Highway Project (GSHP) during 2001-07. The project development objective was to enhance the capacity of the Government of Gujarat (GOG) for effective and efficient planning and management of road infrastructure, while concurrently maximizing existing road infrastructure asset productivity through priority investments and increased maintenance funding. The project not only achieved its objective and targets successfully, but also was implemented with a significant cost reduction (about 23 percent). The GSHP resulted in a reduction in the backlog of major maintenance and an improved network to meet rapidly growing transport demand in the state. The project had the unique distinction of no contract disputes, a rarity among the highway development projects in India. The project also set best practices in developing and managing a very comprehensive asset management system, state of the art quality assurance framework and a very comprehensive training and capacity building program. The annual road sector allocation has grown from USD 30 million in 1995-1996 to an impressive USD 610 million in 2010-11, currently the second largest among all the Indian states. This study attempts to identify the key elements of the Gujarat road sector reforms and explores whether and, if so, how such reforms can be replicated across other Indian states and possibly even in other countries in the region.


A novel electrochemical cross-coupling method for the synthesis of thiocyanates via the direct cyanation of readily available thiophenols or thiols with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) was developed. This approach was also suitable for selenols. External oxidant-free, transition-metal-free and mild operating conditions were the main advantages of this protocol. A series of thiocyanates and selenocyanates could be obtained in moderate to high yields.


Abstract Although many fish habitat suitability models (HSMs) have been developed and used in wildlife management and conservation planning, comparatively few have been independently validated. Given the importance of such models in habitat management and conservation policy, the extent to which they accurately predict population parameters (e.g., abundance or recruitment) is a critical issue. Here we apply an HSM recently developed for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in northern rivers to three reaches of the Ottawa River, using measurements of the model's key variables (substrate type, water depth, and velocity) to generate spatially explicit predictions of habitat suitability. We then test the predictive power of the model by comparing lake sturgeon catch per unit effort (CUE) when using short-set gill nets in areas predicted to have good (habitat suitability index values >0.6) and poor (values < 0.3) adult and juvenile foraging habitats. Consistent with model predictions, significantly more lake st...


Lawrence Krauss's The Physics of Climate Change is an accurate portrayal of modern climate science, says David Romps. There are, however, a few quibbles to be had with Robert Socolow's review.


A simple analytical method is proposed for calculation of the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized relative power densities of a meander-line dipole (MLD) antenna. A sinusoidal distribution of current that drops to zero at both ends of the dipole is assumed. Results obtained using this method are in good agreement with results computed using the Numerical Electromagnetic Code [1]. The MLD antenna has some cross-polarization, which, for a constant antenna length, can be minimized by increasing the number of meander sections. The gain of the antenna is calculated as a function of antenna length with the number of meander sections as a parameter. The gain for the MLD antenna is greater than that for a straight-wire dipole of the same length.


The morphology and chemical structure of linear polyether block aminopolysiloxane(BPEAS) assembled on the silicon were investigated by atomic force microscope(AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and its performance on the fabric were studied comparatively.The results indicated that BPEAS has formed a film with a heterogeneous microstructure,and its morphology mainly consists of continuous phase formed by polydimethyl siloxane and tiny bulges formed by polyether amino groups.Application experiments showed that softness of the fabric treated by BPEAS improved obviously,and BPEAS renders cotton fabrics the best performance when compared with N-β-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane(ASO-1) and polyether silicone oil,such as epoxy/polyether modified silicone oil(CGF).


Goal-oriented requirements analysis (GORA) is one of the promising techniques to elicit software requirements, and it is natural to consider its application to security requirements analysis. In th...


not a consequence of negotiated settlements of disputes, but rather of the victory of an insurgent group; and Turner presents the creation of the Palestine Authority as a unique case study of statebuilding in a highly securitized context that ultimately reflects a process of colonization. Claiming that the handbook lacks a bolder introduction and a concluding chapter is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the former would have offered the editors the opportunity to further elaborate (i.e. to problematize) on the locus and relevance of statebuilding in contemporary international affairs. Similarly, a conclusion would have offered the editors an opportunity to express their own views about the current state of research on statebuilding according to the contributions to the volume. On the other hand, the editors' restraint on both counts is naturally a challenge and an invitation for readers to come up with reflections of their own. Chandler and Sisk's is not a how-to handbook; rather, it offers a particularly well-informed canvas of contemporary research and practice in the field of statebuilding. The editors' ambition is to make the handbook an 'essential reference material for the interdisciplinary field of specialization on statebuilding themes' (xxiii). This is precisely what they accomplish with this publication. The handbook will become a single-source reference for all those interested in contemporary statebuilding and world affairs: for the inexperienced, it offers an outstanding departure point to understand key themes from the perspective of experienced scholars and practitioners in the field; for the experienced, it is a handy source systematizing a broad, complex and vibrant field of multidisciplinary research and practice in contemporary world politics.


The concentration changes of the short-lived daughter products of Rn222 in air due to washout have been computed according to a three-phase (gas-aerosol-raindrop) model for a wide range of values of the system parameters. It is shown that the ratio of Pb214 to Bi214 concentrations is a sensitive measure of the relative washout efficiences of free atoms and of aerosol particles by rain. Preliminary experimental results which give the measured values of this ratio for rainy days are presented.


Currently, 380 000 domestic reindeers are grazed on 106 000 km of the Yamal peninsula. This unique situation was analyzed from a view of an ecosystem role of indigenous people. Attention was paied to two key points: the impact of overgrazing on (1) vegetation and (2) vertebrates. The results of our 30-years investigations were compared with the published vegetation data from the 1930-ies. In our paper, it is demonstrated, that overgrazing has resulted in a substantial transformation of vegetation, mostly in lichen tundra. Recent situation is close to total extinction of lichen pastures on the Yamal peninsula. Due to overgrazing, total availability of grasses and shrubs have also decreased, in grasses by 1.5-2.0 times, low shrubs almost 8 times, tall shrubs – 2.0 times. The degradation of vegetation leads to desertification of the peninsula. The area of sandy spots with no vegetation is on average about 5.5% of the peninsula land, however, it could reach up to 19% locally. Overgrazing affected the animal populations too. Since 1990, the peaks of lemmings have never reached former high values and become locallylimited and patchy. This has led to a decrease in the number of predators. The number of other tundra birds decreased as well. The decrease reached almost 2 times lower numbers in geese, 3 times in hygrophillous waders, 5.5 times in Lapland bunting, and 2 times in long-tailed Duck and Willow grouse on watershed. The Nenets themselves can not control reindeer population because of rigid social and psychological attitudes based on their traditions. The main aim of the Nenets reindeer-farming is not to create marketable products for a profit, but increasing the reindeer number of itself. A situation has formed, that, on the one hand, the Nenets are not economically dependent upon the society, and on the other hand, the society contributes to preservation of their traditional farming. The Nenets reindeer-farming, thus become an important factor contributing to rapid transformation of tundra ecosystem.


Nickel aluminide intermetallic compounds, mainly NiAl and Ni3Al, have been considered as promising high-temperature structural materials because of their high melting points, low densities and good oxidation resistance. Ni-Al intermetallics are potential candidates as heat shields in chambers and gas turbines, however, these materials suffer from brittleness. The Thermodynamic properties with advance first-principles approach where predicting the structural and physicals properties of the NiAl and Ni3Al compounds. This study presents the room temperature crystallographic, metallurgical, and electronic properties of the Ni3Al and NiAl compound, as a function of pressure. Both x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and full potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) calculations were applied. No phase transition was observed in the XRD measurements up to a pressure of ~30 GPa. The Holzapfel equation was used to fit the volume-pressure curve to the equation-of-state. The bulk modulus (B0) at ambient pressure was calculated from the X-Ray data, sound-velocity and density measurements, and from the LAPW calculations.


Pauesia sp., a parasite of the black pine aphid, Cinara cronartii Tissot & Pepper, which is indigenous in pines in the United States, was collected from aphids in the United States and released in aphid-infested pine plantations in South Africa during the winter of 1983. By spring the parasite had dispersed up to 15 km from a release site in a commercial plantation near Barberton. Seven weeks after release in a small plantation at Buffelspoort, parasitized aphids had spread throughout the plantation (1 ha). For the remainder of the aphid season, mummies continued to be seen in every part of the plot, were present in most aphid colonies, and every sample of live aphids contained some parasites. Later, the aphid population collapsed, and Pauesia sp. could have been the cause. A few parasitized aphids were found in the following autumn among the rare oversummering aphids. indicating that Pauesia sp. have survived the summer and become established in South Africa. Five coccinellids, two syrphids, and four ant species were associated with the aphid especially in young stands.


This paper introduces an ultra-low power 1.7-2.7-GHz fractional-N sub-sampling digital PLL (SS-DPLL) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications targeting compliance with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and IEEE802.15.4 standards. A snapshot time-to-digital converter (TDC) acts as a digital sub-sampler featuring an increased out-of-range gain and without any assistance from the traditional counting of DCO edges, thus further reducing power consumption. With a proposed DCO-divider phase rotation in the feedback path, the impact of the digital-to-time converter's (DTC's) non-linearity on the PLL is reduced and improves fractional spurs by at least 8 dB across BLE channels. Moreover, a "variable-preconditioned LMS" calibration algorithm is introduced to dynamically correct the DTC gain error with fractional frequency control word (FCW) down to 1/16384. Fabricated in 40 nm CMOS, the SS-DPLL achieves phase noise performance of −109 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, while consuming a record-low power of 1.19 mW.


Carapace smooth and glabrous. Rostrum straight, lanceolate and slightly ascending, reaching to tip
of basal segment of antennular peduncle, armed with 9 to 10 teeth on upper margin. Post-rostral carina
feeble, becoming distinct towards posterior region of carapace. Orbital angle dentiform. Post-orbital,
antennal and hepatic spines small, thin and sharp. No branchiostegal or pterygostomian spine. Cervical
groove oblique, deep and broad on sides, continues with that on the other side through very faint notch on
post-rostral carina. Branchiostegal sulcus originates from angle of inferiolateral curve and runs backwaters
towards posterior border of carapace (fig. 28).


From the late 1960s through the 1980s a steadily-expanding group of international scholars joined forces to develop a comprehensive and unified semiotic theory of theatre. The semiotic wave had largely subsided by the early 1990s, leaving in its wake a profound, and largely justified, scepticism about universal, essentialist, and ahistorical theoretical models. It is possible, however, to ask basic philosophical questions about the 'nature' of theatre and performance without falling into the trap of universalizing or essentializing what are, in fact, historically and/or culturally specific practices and biases. In this essay, I advocate an open-ended and dialogic process that characterizes the work of many contemporary philosophers, in both the analytic and continental traditions, and in particular those who have been inspired by the late-Wittgensteinian notion of philosophy as a kind of conceptual therapy.


A cross sectional study which was descriptive in nature was carried out during the month of September, 2004 among households with children aged 6-59 months in Kiunduani and Itumbule sub-locations of Kibauni location, Yaihui division, Machakos district. The main objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with production and utilization of small grain cereals and their contribution to the protein and energy dietary intakes of children aged 6 to 59 months. The principal tool of investigation was a structured questionnaire that was administered to mothers or children care takers. Methods used were anthropometric measurements and dietary intake recall. Purposive sampling was done at District and Division levels whereas simple random sampling was done at location and sub-location levels. Systematic sampling was done at household level giving a sample size of 260 households. The inclusion criteria was a child aged between 6-59 months. In households with more than one child at this age category, only one child was picked randomly as the index child. A sub sample of 36 households was randomly selected for the 24-hour dietary recall. Data was collected with the assistance of five field assistants. The SPSS computer package was used for data entry and analysis. Nutritional status indices such as weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-forheighl were computed using the Epi-info program.


in this paper, a fixed-point pipelined fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor is designed with radix-2kalgorithm and single-path delay feedback (SDF) architecture. Besides, the processor adopts a word length optimization strategy in order to reduce logic and memory resource utilization. Through this strategy, the word length required for each butterfly operation stage can be directly calculated and obtained by direct formula calculation without any experimental simulation, providing the theoretical basis for the word length configuration of the fixed-point pipelined FFT processor. The design and implementation results indicate that the fixed-point FFT processors employing the proposed word length configuration optimization strategy have significant advantages of lower logic resource occupation while ensuring the processing precision.


A new working group was established at a conference held by the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF) in Zagreb in June 2015. The group Museums and Material Culture is a platform for dialogue, cooperation, and networking among European ethnologists with a special interest in theorizing the eld of museums and material culture. We hope this working group will be bridge-building also to our colleagues who are researchers and professionals currently not active in SIEF but whose active participation in the group would strengthen the Society and the discipline(s).


Published double blind drug trials with neurotic patients are surveyed. The results are tabulated according to the drugs used and according to the diagnostic categories of the patients, and the findings arc discussed.


This paper gives an overview over the current development in our Automotive Radar section and a glimpse on the performance of the upcoming generation of new radar sensors. There will be updates in hardware, which among other things will lead to an increased performance in signal-to-noise ratio, influencing maximum range and accuracy among all measurement domains (Range, Doppler, Azimuth & Elevation). Also, this will ease the development and the application of high resolution techniques in order to make the best of the incoming signals. Improved semiconductor RF performance enables high bandwidth applications for better detection differentiation and classification, e.g., for pedestrians. Enhanced technologies shrink the size of radar sensors to a state-of-the-art minimum by keeping and improving the overall performance, at the same time. As too many technical details cannot be revealed, this paper shows the current possible performance based solely on detection level basis for different applications (long range (up to 280 m), short range (up to 200 m) and ultra short range (up to 12 m)).


Aim: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome at age 5 y of age in a cohort of preterm children treated mainly with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the neonatal period. Methods: A national prospective observational study was conducted in Denmark which included all 269 surviving children with a birthweight below 1000 g or a gestational age below 28 wk born in Denmark in between 1994 and 1995. A total of 164 children (61%) had been treated with nasal CPAP only in the neonatal period. A reference group (n= 76) of term children was studied in parallel. Results: Of the 269 surviving children, 252 (94%) were examined. Twenty‐four children (10%) had cerebral palsy, and three children were blind. No case of hearing impairment was detected. Nineteen percent of the index children had an IQ score >‐2 SD and 42% had an IQ score >‐1 SD of the mean score of the reference group.


The invention discloses a silica sand powder-doped concrete light-weight building block novel walling material and a preparation method thereof. The walling material is prepared from cementing materials, haydites, boiler slag, water and silica sand. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying and milling building sand or crushed quartzite, of which the content of silicon dioxide is greater than 90%, to obtain silica sand powder of which the specific area is 400-500 m /kg; proportionally adding the silica sand powder, cementing materials, haydites, boiler slag and water into a forced mixer, and evenly mixing; and evenly filling the mixture in a die, carrying out extrusion forming, carrying out natural curing or atmospheric steam curing, and curing at 175-190 DEG C under high pressure for 2-6 hours, thereby obtaining the walling material. The product disclosed by the invention has the advantages of abundant sources of raw materials, low energy consumption in production, lower production cost, light weight, high strength, low shrinkage, no cracking, seepage resistance, water resistance and no toxicity or harm. The invention can treat industrial residues and sludge, thereby changing wastes into valuable substances and being beneficial to improving the environmental pollution.


This paper looks at different penalization models in the context of empirical asset pricing. The first part consists of replicating the elastic net model used in (Gu, Kelly, & Xiu, 2020). We use the predictive power of this elastic net model as a benchmark. The second part consists of extending the research in (Gu, Kelly, & Xiu, 2020) by looking at the ridge and lasso regression models and comparing their predictive power to our elastic net benchmark model. In our research we see that the lasso model outperforms the elastic net model, and the ridge model performs more poorly than the elastic net model. This is no surprise, as we are dealing with a large set of independent variables that are highly correlated. We compare these models on a number of comparative statistics, including out of sample R-squared, that measure predictive power. In the end we also look at what variables are selected in each of the three models.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of inhibiting glioma cells proliferation with Erlotinib and Rapamycin,and provide new methods for glioma targeted therapy.Methods C6 cells were cultured by the serum free medium,and the tumor stem cells(GSCs) were obtained.Cell immunofluorescence staining was used for detection of CD133 and nestin to identify the tumor stem cells;CCK-8,RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe the relationship of tumor cell proliferation,cell cycle and EGFR,mTOR signal pathways related genes,and the expressions of proteins(EGFR,Akt,p-Akt,mTOR,p-mTOR,rps6k,p-rps6k) after intervention of Erlotinib and Rapamycin.Results The expressions of CD133 and nestin were detected in the glioma stem cells;Erlotinib and Rapamycin had the dose-time dependence antiproliferative effect in C6 and C6 GSCs(P0.05).Erlotinib and Rapamycin can increase the ratio of cells in G1 phase and reduce the ratio of cells in S phase.The sensitivity to Erlotinib and Rapamycin in GSCs was lower than that in C6 cells(P0.05);protein expressions of EGFR and mTOR pathways in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P0.05),the efficacy is significant in the combined treatment group.Conclusion Tumor stem cells exist in C6 glioma cell lines.Erlotinib and Rapamycin can inhibit the proliferation and cell cycle of C6 and C6 GSCs by means of blocking the EGFR and mTOR signaling pathways.


This article takes a forestry company in Heyuan City of Guangdong Province for example, to research the FMUs (Forest Management Units)-oriented subcompartment data sharing technology, and realize the software platform based on Visual Basic development environment. The software platform can perform the normalization processing, cadastral number coding, data extraction, data updating and other pragmatic operations on subcompartment data, so as to achieve the subcompartment data sharing between forest management unit and Guangdong forest resources center.


Describes an innovative pictorial representation of business rules which clarifies the interrelationships of data entities and semantic constraints to enhance the communication among different levels of management. This pictorial representation scheme can be implemented using a set of microcomputer‐based CASE tools, and the result provides a comprehensive view of all aspects of management activity.


Copper chlorophyll (CC), the hydrophobic pigment applied in food, is employed as a contrast agent instead of Au nanoparticles (NPs) to label polymeric NPs for in vivo observation by electron micros...


Sarah Brophy: Well, should we talk about how our group came together to consider intimacies and just give a bit of context? Sara Ahmed: I think we need the story. SB: I think it was at a bar. SA: As most good stories come about. SB: And I think Phanuel and I were talking about our respective research projects, mine on cosmopolitanism, femininity, and sexuality in postwar Britain and yours on [pause] I'll let you describe. Phanuel Antwi: [Laughs] Mine on the racial absences in early Canadian literature. I attend in particular to the displacements and subordinations of the presence and cultural work of blackness in early Canada, particularly those conspicuously avoided by critics or rendered conspicuously absent by authors in the literature of Upper Canada during the height of the Underground Railroad era, between 1830 and 1860. To engage this form of avoidance, intimacy has been key in my thinking. Hence, intimacy became a point of conversation for Sarah and me and then I was talking to Helene,


Rolitetracycline (RTC) (2-N-pyrrolidinomethyltetracycline) is a Mannich base formed by N-aminomethylation of the carboxyamide function of tetracycline (TC) which enhances water solubility. RTC is formulated either as the base or nitrate salt for intravenous or intramuscular use. Formulations are intended to be reconstituted with water at the time of use and are claimed by the manufacturers to be stable for up to 24 h. There is some doubt of the stability of RTC. Siedel, Soder & Lindner (1958) claimed solutions of RTC in organic acid solutions at pH 5 to be stable for several hours, whilst Brunzell (1962) has claimed that RTC is rapidly hydrolysed in aqueous solution with the formation of TC and 4-epitetracycline (ETC). The official method of assay of RTC in Canada (NF XIII, 1970) is microbiological, and gives no information of the extent of its hydrolysis. Brunzell(l962) found that RTC was hydrolysed on paper chromatograms. In thin-layer chromatographic (t.1.c.) studies of RTC (Levorato, 1971; Ochab & Borowiecka, 1969), RF values close to those of TC are often reported, indicating that, here too, hydrolysis has probably occurred. In other t.1.c. systems (e.g. those of Simmons, Ranz & others, 1969; Fernandez, Noceda & Carrera, 1969; Ascione, Zager & Chrekian, 1967) freshly prepared solutions of RTC give spots at or near the origin, but always together with spots or streaks of RP near to that of TC (Hughes & Wilson, unpublished). We have examined the stability of RTC in aqueous solution using high speed liquid chromatography (HSLC) and a system described for the resolution of tetracyclines (Butterfield, Hughes & others, 1973). Typical recorder traces for a freshly prepared aqueous solution of RTC (10 mg ml-l) and a similar solution aged for 2 h at 25" are presented in Fig. 1A. They illustrate the simultaneous detection of both RTC and TC in such samples by the


To the Editor, I read with great interest the article by Clarke and colleagues regarding the low rate of placentas submitted from babies with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) in several centers in the United Kingdom [1]. Placental examination may provide an explanation of complications in pregnancy, including NE and subsequent cerebral palsy. It can also provide an indication of when the placental pathology occurred. This information can be crucial in medicolegal cases [2,3]. In addition, certain placental pathologies associated with brain injury have a recurrence risk. This information will be important in counseling the parents and in the planning of future pregnancy care. In addition to acute chorioamnionitis and/or funisitis referred to in the article [1], there are many other placental lesions associated with adverse neurological outcome in the baby, including fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, chronic villitis of unknown etiology, massive perivillous fibrin deposition, and delayed chorionic villous maturation [2,3]. Many of these lesions will not be suspected clinically, and will be missed without placental examination by perinatal pathologists. A joint Working Party of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) and Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) of the United Kingdom published its recommendations on pathological examination of the placenta in 2001 (Table 1). In 2011, the RCPath (after consultation with the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, RCOG, the Royal College of Midwives, and the British Paediatric Pathology Association) published its guidelines on placental examination (Table 2). The guidelines stated that "as a minimum, all placentas from stillbirths, intrauterine growth restriction (below 3rd centile), immaturity, cases of severe fetal distress requiring admission to a neonatal intensive care unit and late miscarriages should be referred for examination." The multicenter study by Clarke and colleagues [1] provides evidence by "nonperinatal pathologists" that the available current guidelines for placental examination are not being followed. Different hospitals have different indications for placental examination, depending on the value placed on placental pathology by the local obstetricians and on local resources. For example, the indications for placental examination in our hospital include perinatal loss (stillbirth/miscarriage), intrauterine growth restriction, unexpected admission to the neonatal unit, placental abruption, request by the fetal-medicine unit, and consultant request. I support the suggestion by the authors that neonatologists take the lead in devising guidelines with obstetric, midwifery, and pathology colleagues to improve the rate of placental submission for pathological examination in NE cases. I would suggest that this also include other indications for placental examination for the simple reason that clinicians are more likely to


FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT RUT DEPTH MODELING FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES by ASMAIEL KODAN A.NAIEL December 2010 Advisor: Dr. Mumtaz. A Usmen, Ph.D., P.E. Major: Civil Engineering Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Pavement rutting is one of the most important types of pavement distress that affect road safety and ride quality. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to develop pavement rutting empirical models for different climate zones to predict pavement rutting on granular base based on LTPP data. Flexible pavements with granular base course were considered for this study. These models lead to better understanding of rutting phenomena and the factors that may have affect in pavement rutting. In addition, these models will help state and local transportation agencies make accurate decisions for maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction of pavement. To develop a reliability-based methodology for pavement rutting prediction models, nine main steps were performed. These steps include reviewing previous studies, reviewing data sources of pavement performance, selecting the variables that may have effect pavement rutting, selecting the test sections at each climate zone, building the research database, verifying the data, analyzing the data, validating the models, and obtaining the final form of the models.


Benzodiazepines are very widely prescribed in general practice. They have very effective anti-anxiety, sedative, anticonvulsant, and muscle-relaxant properties. Enormous divergence exists between best-practice guidance,1,2 which generally recommends short-term use at the lowest possible dose for severe anxiety or insomnia, and the reality of general practice, where very large numbers of patients are known to be prescribed these drugs on a long-term basis, at high dosages, and for less than 'severe' indications.3,4

The recommendation to limit the use of benzodiazepines to the short term (for example, <2–4 weeks) is largely based on the issues of tolerance and dependence. Tolerance is a physiological response whereby, with continued use, a higher dose than that originally prescribed is required in order to achieve the identical original clinical effect. Thus, use beyond the short term often leads to dose escalation just to maintain the same effect originally brought about at a lower initial dose. The rate of development of tolerance is variable from one person to the next, but certainly can occur after just 3–4 weeks of use. Dependence can be considered in physiological and psychological terms. Physiological dependence refers to the experience of withdrawal symptoms on stopping the drug. Symptoms range from relatively minor (for example, headache, tremor, or sweating) to very serious and potentially life threatening (for example, seizures, psychosis, or delirium tremens). With psychological dependence, patients increasingly require their drug in order to cope with life events. Other negative effects resulting from long-term use include memory impairment in older patients, diminished sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, decreased reaction time, …


Never recorded before in Serbia, the cynipid gall wasps  Aylax papaveris (Perris 1839) and  Barbotinia oraniensis (Barbotin 1964) were obtained from capsules of Papaver rhoeas Linnaeus 1753 collected toward the end of June 1998 at the locality Surduk (Srem, Serbia). Nine species of parasitoids were also obtained. Among them were the species Ormyrus capsalis Askew 1994 and Baryscapus papaveris Graham 1991, never before found in Serbia.


: This study examines the impact of regulatory compliance on the relationship between the audit committee diversity and the extent of voluntary disclosure in the Nigerian listed firms. The study investigates 71 company from 10 sectors listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in the period of 2011 – 2017. As we adopt a basic and causality research design, a quantitative approach through generalized method of moment (GMM) panel models was used to analyse the data collected from each company's annual report and the stock exchange fact books. The result indicates that regulatory compliance has a positive and significant impact on the audit committee and voluntary disclosure. Furthermore, audit committee independence and financial expertise have a positive influence on voluntary disclosure due to the positive interaction effect of regulatory compliance. The main contribution is the introduction of corporate governance regulations as a moderator of this relationship besides using the system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach as a superior estimator. This study provides insights to policymakers and the business firms interested in improving the effectiveness of corporate governance within their countries.


Combat casualties can be divided into two types, i.e., non-survivable (NS) and potentially survivable (PS). According to the data of US army, massive hemorrhage constituted 90.98% of the potentially survivable casualties, and the most important thing to improve the ability of casualty care is hemorrhage control. In this article, the strategies and techniques of damage control resuscitation like surgical hemorrhage control techniques of non-compressive hemorrhage (NCH) in torso and junctional area, the damage control identification of the injured, field transfusion process and fresh whole blood infusion in tactical level and emergency phase were comprehensively illustrated.-deep study the diseases through basic and clinical researches, so as to further understand the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.12.01


This study aims to produce media products that use culinary-based electronic magazines on blended learning. The method used in this study was research and development. The procedure of media development used the Four-D model to produce learning media based on blended learning. The stages of the study consisted of define, design, development, and dissemination. The stages of development used alpha testing for product validation by learning experts, material experts, and media experts. After that the stages of dissemination, beta testing was performed by testing the product on users in small groups. The subjects of this study were students in foodservice expertise. The results of this study showed that the alpha tests on aspects of media and materials and learning both obtained very high criteria. Furthermore, the average score of all aspects was more than 89% with reasonable criteria. while the beta test results indicated high criteria with the average of students' reached 86%, categorized as feasible.


Using ray tracing method, the polarization aberration of a birefrigent wave?plate produced in a divergent beam is analysed, the approximate treatment on the polarization aberration of a standard quarter wave-plate is presented under the circumstance of small incident angle.


*Sidonie Smith is Martha Guernsey Colby Collegiate Professor of English and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan. She is also a past president of the Modern Language Association of America (2010). Her recent books include the second, expanded edition of Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives with Julia Watson (2010) and Human Rights and Narrated Lives: The Ethics of Recognition with Kay Schaffer (2004).


The influence of the microporosity of activated carbons on their CO 2 adsorption capacity and on the kinetics of the CO 2 adsorption process from ambient environments at low CO 2 concentrations has been studied. The experimental results show that the micropore size distribution is more important than the micropore volume or the surface area alone. Thus, activated carbons with low degree of activation, and therefore with a greater number of narrow micropores, have a higher adsorption capacity than those with a higher micropore volume but with wider micropores. The diffusion parameter and the apparent activation energy of the process were also related with the size of micropores


According to the work situation of double apron draft spinning device, the three-dimensional finite element model of draft spinning device was built by UG and the work situation was analyzed by the application of ABAQUS. The static normal force layout between two aprons was got and used for the analysis and improvement of the work situation as well as the designing and checking of other devices.


If the 1990s 'girl' was represented by Ophelia and the call for her rescue (Pipher, 1994), the 2000s have seen the rise of a new 'it girl' who, like Ophelia, is also used to mark a perceived crisis of girlhood. The vulnerable girl has recently been replaced by the 'mean girl' in public consciousness. Nowhere is this concern more visible than in the proliferation of best-selling books such as Rachel Simmond's Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Aggression in Girls (2003), Rosalind Wiseman's Queen Bees and Wannabees (2002), Emily White's Fast Girls: Teenage Tribes and the Myth of the Slut (2002), and Sharon Lamb's The Secret Lives of Girls: What Good Girls Really Do – Sex Play, Aggression, and their Guilt (2002). Each of these books is a consideration of the trials and tribulations of relationships between girls – their friendships, fights and foes. In this article, I pose a series of questions about the links between the explosion of popular, professional and academic interest in, and concern about, 'the mean girl' to a public anxiety and cultural fascination with girls and girlhood more generally. These questions are meant to trouble common sense understandings of girls and the current media fascination with, and representation of, their relationships, and to reveal an intriguing contradiction in its discursive construction and deployment. On the one hand, discussions about the 'problem' of young women's relationships gone-wrong are used in the media as a cultural symbol of disorder, moral decay, and social instability in North American society more broadly. Yet at the same time, the treatment and resolution of the problem is almost always articulated in individualized and individualizing terms. This ambivalence about young women and the contradictory uses of the 'mean girl' offer critical insights into new discursive constructions of femininity in a time where, as McRobbie has suggested, girls have replaced youth as the metaphor for social change (2000: 201).


Drop tests are often substituted in qualification or life testing of microelectronic and optoelectronic products by shock tests. The existing (e.g., Telcordia) qualification specifications require that a short term load of the given magnitude and duration (say, an "external" acceleration with the maximum value of 500 g, acting for 0.001 s) is applied to the support structure of the product under tests. The natural frequencies of vibration are not taken into account. The objective of our study is to develop simple analytical ("mathematical") predictive models for the evaluation of the dynamic response of a structural element in a microelectronic or an optoelectronic product/package to an impact load occurring as a result of drop or shock tests. We use the developed models to find out if a shock tester could be "tuned" in such a way that the shock tests would adequately mimic drop test conditions. We suggest that the maximum induced curvature and the maximum induced acceleration be used as suitable characteristics of the dynamic response of a structural element to an impact load. The results of the analysis can be helpful in physical design and qualification testing of microelectronic and photonic products, experiencing dynamic loads of short duration.


In order to solve the problems of low fault diagnosis accuracy and high false alarm rate in noisy environment, this paper proposes a service fault diagnosis algorithm of noise network under 5G network slice. First, the relationship between the service and the underlying network resources based on the mapping relationship, and fault diagnosis model are established. Secondly, in order to reduce the negative impact of network noise on the fault diagnosis algorithm, the fault propagation model is optimized based on the number of simultaneous faults and the value of the failure rate of each link. Finally, the fault set with the largest interpretation ability is selected as the fault set. In the experimental part, it is verified that the algorithm in this paper improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis and reduces the false alarm rate.


The Internet is increasingly used as a medium to disseminate information. Public health programs are among those using the Internet as a tool for health education, communication, and information sharing. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) posted a PDF of the 2002 Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Treatment Guidelines on the CDC public website. A subsequent Atlanta-area survey of primary care physicians found over 50% of those physicians with the CDC's 2002 STD treatment guidelines had obtained them from the Internet.1,2 When programs and organizations from around the country began seeking opinion and CDC guidance about expedited partner therapy (EPT), the CDC decided to post subsequent guidance on the Internet.3 Expedited partner therapy refers to treatment of partners of persons infected with sexually transmitted disease before a clinical evaluation of those partners. During 2004–2005, the CDC reviewed and evaluated trial-based and observational evidence surrounding EPT with particular attention to its use for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection in the US.4–10 Reduced infection rates at follow-up among index patients combined with reports of positive patient notification and partner behaviors (equivalent or better notification rates; uniformly improved treatment rates)11 led CDC to recommend EPT as a clinical option for partner management. A letter12 from the CDC's Division of STD prevention was published in May, 2005 supporting EPT as a useful option to facilitate partner management and noted that guidance would soon follow. This guidance comprised a report posted on the CDC website in February, 2006.13 This guidance document and others from various states14–16 also recommended what sorts of written guidance should accompany medications or prescriptions: for example, instructions on taking the medication and advice to seek in-person evaluation. The Pew Internet and American Life Project, which provides data on the Internet and its users, including health information,17 reports that on a typical day, 8 million American adults (7%) look online for health information; 66% usually start with a search engine.18 If placing a PDF of EPT guidance on the Internet is a useful means of dissemination, one would expect to see that reflected in the position of the document on a search engine. That is, the position of a webpage such as a PDF in the list of pages returned by a search is dependent on the frequency with which the guidance is accessed and upon related factors such as the number of those accessing the page who then link to that page (precise algorithms are proprietary and not disclosed by companies operating search engines). We used Google, the leading US search engine,19 to assess the dissemination of information about EPT on the Internet. With the EPT report's publication as a baseline date, we charted the number of links mentioning EPT for eight months, expecting a rise in the number of links mentioning EPT to some asymptote. Using Google, we placed search terms in quotes, which are read by the search engine as an instruction to look for the precise phrases, as opposed to pages with any of the words in the phrase. The following terms were selected on the basis of known use: "expedited partner therapy" and "patient-delivered partner therapy." (We also searched for three rarer terms, "patient-delivered therapy," "patient-delivered medication," and "patient-delivered partner medication," but these data are not presented here.) We searched first on the date of publication (February 3, 2006), then each subsequent weekday for the next two weeks, and then every Friday until October, a period of eight months. We also recorded a list of the first 50 sites to appear on the search with each assessment and with all phrases combined. From those first 50 sites of the combined listings, we calculated the proportions that (a) led to functioning web pages, (b) contained either policy statements, scientific, or programmatic health information or a reference to either on the first page of the link, (c) a reference to the 2005 letter, The authors have no conflict of interest and there were no sources of financial support. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Search order on the x-axis refers to the progression of daily and weekly searches (N 43, from February–October, 2006). The number of websites listed on the y-axis refers to the total number of websites returned from each search that contained the term "expedited partner therapy." Correspondence: Melissa A. Habel, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail: mhabel@ cdc.gov. Received for publication June 5, 2008, and accepted July 29, 2008. Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Sexually Transmitted Diseases, January 2009, Vol. 36, No. 1, p.22–24 DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318188673c Copyright © 2008, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved.