As AR / VR field advances and moving towards achieving 'Metaverse' in mixed reality world, creating the next generation devices – AR glasses, is identified as key for people to access the new world. From semiconductor manufacturing to nano photonics manufacturing which enables the 'display' - the optical waveguide being designed and developed on transparent substrates. We are now facing new challenges in transparent wafer auto handling, which requires high throughput, high precision with high stability. Inspired by the recent advancement and blooming in machine learning and AI field, in which lots of new algorithms have been created and put in application and gaining wide popularities quickly, such as context encoder [1], Google magic eraser [2] etc. In this project, I am looking at applying deep learning algorithms of image inpainting to automated wafer handling and image recognition, especially for fiducial marks on patterned wafer and to find a way for solving the new challenges in developing new products. Since all confidential information is under NDA with partners, so no real data can be shared for training. I am exploring a Sim2Real solution as a first step and to better fit into future development plan. The encouraging results in the project will serve as proof of concept of a potential AI feature in our product development roadmap and lead us towards a new 'Metaverse' future.


The main focus of this thesis is to explore the advantages of using higher-dimensional quantum systems (qudits) as building blocks for fault-tolerant quantum computation. In particular, we investigate the two main essential ingredients of many state-of-the-art fault-tolerant schemes [133], which are magic state distillation and topological error correction. The theory for both of these components is well established for the qubit case, but little has been known for the generalised qudit case. For magic state distillation, we first present a general numerical approach that can be used to investigate the distillation properties of any stabilizer code. We use this approach to study small threedimensional (qutrit) codes and classify, for the first time, new types of qutrit magic states. We then provide an analytic study of a family of distillation protocols based on the quantum Reed-Muller codes. We discover a particular five-dimensional code that, by many measures, outperforms all known qubit codes. For the topological error correction, we study the qudit toric code serving as a quantum memory. For this purpose we examine an efficient renormalization group decoder to estimate the error correction threshold. We find that when the qudit toric code is subject to a generalised bit-flip noise, and for a sufficiently high dimension, a threshold of 30% can be obtained under perfect decoding.


The article presents a theoretical and empirical exercise to the possibilities of brand communication in virtual reality (VR), proposing an analysis/creation tool for emerging metaverse platforms, applied to the field of brand communication (immersive and 360-degree images, multisensoriality, first person perspective). Methodologically, this study uses an empirical approach, qualitatively evaluating an advertising piece in VR and highlighting the dimensions of believability that, in some way, affect brand communication. Results show three relevant dimensions: realism, interactivity, and engagement with the plot.


The lowest tolerated serum Biz, determined by the Lactobacillus leichmanlaii method, has been fixed at 200 pglml by the WHO Scient$c Group on Nutritional Anaemias (1968). In those parts of the world where the daily supply of vitamin Biz is lower than 2 pg, this Group observed the development of peripheral neuropathy in individuals whose serum Biz was in the borderline range 150-200 pglml, and treatment with Biz resulted in remission of the neuropathy.


The focus of this chapter is the potential application of a public participation approach to policy design at local and regional levels following the CASI Mobilisation and Mutual Learning (MML) methodology carried out throughout the project. Public engagement, as applied in CASI, has proven to be successful in defining research priorities. Combining the language of laymen and experts in a mutual dialogue facilitated by specific methodologies and procedures seems to provide valuable input to knowledge generation and priority development (Ivanov et al, 2017). Having this in mind, wider public engagement creates opportunities to enrich the process of designing public policies in different areas (environmental, economic development, competitiveness etc.) at different levels (local to global, generic and sectoral). In comparison to conventional policymaking approaches it also has an important 'side effect', which is demonstrated in the strengthening of the ownership of policies and strategies among the wider public. Furthermore, including citizens' perspective into the policy design process puts the peoples' day-to-day concerns back to the heart of the public-sector priorities, which could result in changing the perception of exclusivity of conventional policy development process in the view of the wider public. Experiences showing the citizen engagement potential in designing development goals come inter alia from the World Bank (Manroth et al, 2014). The specific multi-stage "citizens-experts-citizens" (CEC) process applied in CASI and building on CIVISTI methodology1 dynamically bridges both laymen and expert perspectives to facilitate mutual dialogue between socially shared values and institutionalised forms of knowledge (Repo et al, 2017). The process is aligned with the need for more inclusive approaches towards shaping public policy objectives in Europe and beyond as it addresses, in a structured and systematic way, important tensions coming from the gap between complex issues fuelled by peoples' hopes and fears and simple responses, which are too easily provided through conventional process of formulating policy agendas (sometimes reduced to mere slogans). This chapter focuses on possibilities to scale-up the CASI experiences with "citizens-experts-citizens" process through policy design at local and regional level including INTERREG EUROPE programme. Public participation in the development of policy priorities The methodologies for elaboration of the regional development strategies and development of strategies of the cities take into consideration the involvement of stakeholders. The "Guide to Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS 3)" states the following: "The fact that RIS3 is based on a wide view of innovation automatically implies that stakeholders of different types and levels should participate extensively in its design. The perhaps most common, tripartite governance model, based on the involvement of industry, education and research institutions, and government (the so-called Triple Helix model), is no longer enough in the context of smart specialisation. Innovation users or groups representing demand-side perspectives and consumers, relevant non-profit organisations representing citizens and workers should all be taken on board when the design process of RIS3 is in question. In other words, this means that the governance model includes both the market and the civic society. When it comes to the sensitive moment of deciding on strategic priorities, a truly inclusive RIS3 governance structure should be able to prevent capture by specific interest groups, powerful lobbies, or major regional stakeholders". 1 http://www.civisti.org/ REACHING OUT FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION 14 From the above-noted it is evident that the involvement of the civil society is needed and recommended but so far mostly organised civil society groups (e.g. NGOs) that represent the interests of citizens were participating in the processes. There are only few methods for translating the needs, opinions and recommendations of citizens (including people with different level of education), which can enrich policy priorities development processes at different levels. CASI experiences with citizens' panels show the feasibility and value of such participatory approaches. The experiences of Poznan Science and Technology Park (Poland) participating in the process of development of regional innovation strategies of the Wielkopolska region, first in 2002-2004, then in 2014 (RIS3), show that the participatory process was always focused on stakeholders that included representatives of universities and Research and Development (R&D) units, SMEs, intermediaries, as well as some NGOs. The process of consensus building was rather new in Wielkopolska region. Before the RIS exercise (elaboration of Regional Innovation Strategy in a participative process following EU methodology2), policy priorities were defined by public administration with the support of experts, sometimes followed by public consultations of prefabricated documents. The regional operational programme documents were consulted with stakeholders but not created in cooperation with them. During the RIS process the consensus building was launched – a very important step for Wielkopolska region, but still lacking the public engagement of citizens. Public participation shaping local and regional polices The CASI engagement methodology focused on translating the visions of citizens into research priorities can be very useful to work with different groups of citizens on local and regional policy priorities. It can also serve as inspiration for new methods of translating the ideas of non-experts to be used in sophisticated policy development processes. Considerable guidance for policymakers: • As understood in CASI, the citizens are lay people/lay experts making contributions as members of society with focus on the common good or/and private individuals with special interests as employer/ employee, patient, etc. Both perspectives are very important when developing visions to ensure the balance between general and personal views. • CASI citizens' panel methodology with three main steps can be adapted by policymakers and public administration working on local and regional policies. The steps are as follows: o First citizen panel to develop citizens' visions of the future o Expert panel to "translate" citizens' visions into research priorities o Second citizen panel to validate research priorities elaborated by the experts • The experience of CASI citizen panels conducted in Poland shows that to engage more people in public participation, the following elements shall be taken into consideration: o Effective and attractive information about possibility and importance of participation; o Information focused on specific target groups, using adequate/accessible language; o Communication channels adjusted to target groups (information for seniors in senior's clubs, for youths in schools and in social media); o Informing about the process in advance and sending reminders; o Publishing good practices of public participation outcomes; o Media, as well as social media and local government should be involved with a view to reach citizens; 2 "Management of a RIS project: Lessons from 10 years' experience" Innovating Regions in Europe Network – RIS Methodological Guide Stage 0, IRE Secretariat, July 2005. REACHING OUT FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION 15 o Expected outcome should always be presented prior to the start of the process and ahead of each meeting; o Public participation process must be well prepared and follow well-defined methodologies; o Benefits of participation should be presented. Public participation on local level in Leszno City, Poland – A case study The challenges faced by Leszno city (65,000 inhabitants) are related to: spatial problems of the city divided not only by economic and social factors into poor (old town, old blocks of flats, brownfields) and rich areas (detached houses), but also divided by railroad tracks, isolation of deprived neighbourhoods, as well as the problems of brain drain to larger and better developed cities (Poznan and Wroclaw). These challenges call for a more integrated and innovative approach to public policy. The solution for the city was found in combining wide range of ideas that are complementary, including new public participation policy endorsed by the city, experimental search resulting in implementation of proposals aimed at solving the problems as well as evaluation of the outcome and its results. Public participation shall be further supported and moderated by Leszno city, scientists, experts and animators to assist citizens and local organisations in the process. Leszno focuses on development of social capital for long-term change in synergies with model revitalisation, and public services for implementation of the strategy for social and economy development 2030 of Leszno in partnership with adjacent communes and local NGOs. It aims at creation of meeting and networking opportunities by engaging broader group of stakeholders and citizens. Leszno policy-making practices have undergone an evolution from top-down towards a more participatory policy-making, and the city mission already includes participatory and inclusive functions. Nevertheless, the participatory approach – "for the people, by the people and with the people" – on every step of policy cycle is a novelty for all target groups, including citizens and municipality. Leszno city integrates different approaches in urban policy for sustainable and inclusive city taking into consideration the following three key aspects: • Integration of bottom-up and top-down approach in creation of policies and interventions by introduction of public participation policy into the municipality practices – from assessment/diagnosis phase (previously people complained and public bodies


The pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and arterial hypertension (AH) is closely related to oxidative stress, which is characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense.

AIM
The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of free-radical oxidation and to establish their correlation to spirogram findings in patients with COPD without comorbidity and in patients with COPD and AH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Detection of intracellular ROS levels was performed by EPICS XL cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) with DCFH-DA and DHE. Serum levels of 8-isoprostane were assayed with ELISA, Cayman Chemicals (USA).

RESULTS
Intracellular ROS levels suggest a probable increase in production of O2•- in patients with COPD and in patients with COPD+AH vs control. The direction of changes in production of H2O2 in the assessed patients was also identical. Serum levels of 8-isoprostane were found to be significantly increased in patients with COPD and in patients with COPD+AH. High levels of H2O2, O2•- and 8-isoprostane were significantly associated with low values of spirometry parameters in patients of both test groups, which suggested bronchial obstruction. In this respect, oxidative stress parameters were significantly negatively correlated with the values characteristic of impaired patency of largeand medium-sized bronchi.

CONCLUSIONS
Oxidative stress is playing an important role in the mechanisms of COPD/AH comorbidity, since intracellular ROS levels were found to increase, leading to destruction of cell membrane. In the meantime, the degree of oxidative stress correlates with the severity of bronchial obstruction.


The major advances in mobile video recording systems have led to an increased number of videos being streamed and uploaded on the internet daily. This has had a major impact on the expansion rate of the IoT with the addition of affordable security systems that capture and stream video content. These systems regularly meet minimal security standards resulting to breaches and data theft. The scientific branch of Computer Forensics has proposed various methods for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of videos, but the need for more robust and effective methods rises as videos grow, in size and number, while compression algorithms are becoming increasingly more efficient. The goal of this paper is to propose a new method on forgery detection, based on the characteristics of Dense Optical Flow. This method is applied on a low-cost device able to capture static CCTV video. The framework is tested for proof of its effectiveness in detecting copy-move, insertion and deletion forgeries. Ultimately, an identification automation method if proposed along with future improvements.


A novel hybrid algorithm has been proposed in this paper to detect raindrops, remove and then restore the image back ground in a single image. This new hybrid algorithm is framed based on K-Means clustering and Median filtering for the fast retrieval of Rain droplets from the single image. K-Means clustering algorithm is an efficient algorithm for image clustering. The algorithm proposed in this paper has different approach from other established numerical schemes. The hybrid algorithm is framed in order to identify the rain droplets using clustering and shape modeling of raindrops. The proposed system is fast compared with alternate droplet identification schemes. The process allows rapid evaluation of the contour of the raindrops and convergence to its final resultant with very little iteration. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.


To improve the final accuracy of the crown is placed doedoe reduce the time consumed in the production, the present invention implant predetermined based on the three-dimensional integrated images acquired a CT scan image and oral scanned image is registered images for oral interior of pisisulja a first step a fix Miniature corresponding to placement position is selected and the implant is set in shape engagement portion so as to support the crown will be placed on the abutment position is selected; The Miniature and fix the air when the abutment is placed bone fusion, the placement of the abutment and the second step is part of the scanned image for the peripheral teeth are obtained; Wherein in response to the position of the selected online Miniature virtual placement of the virtual abutment image and a peripheral tooth arrangement wherein the partial scan image of the abutment image the three-dimensional integrated image by matching of the partial scan image in the three-dimensional integrated image step 3 is substituted into the surrounding tooth array; And a fourth doedoe the outer surface and the height of said crown setting the opposing tooth array, and the substituted peripheral tooth arrangement of the three-dimensional integrated image based on, in which the crown inside the mold the engagement establishing the joint of the position and shape based on It provides a method of manufacturing the crown dental implant using partial scan including the steps:


For improving the strength of Omni-directional wheel and its ability of crossing obstacles, a differential type Omni-directional wheel MY2(Mutual Yoyo) is proposed by adopting the cone side rotation method and differential principle of bevel gears based on the structure of our developed Omnidirectional wheels MY1. The wheel MY2 is composed of two spherical bodies, which use four 90 degree cones with spherical cap to form an approximate spherical body to realize the passive rotation and actuation for the omni-directional kinematics. Also, the differential type of MY2 wheel has a closed spherical structure with four cones with spherical cap. Four passive shafts of the form the skeleton of wheel, which decomposes interaction force of four cones on the shaft and effectively increases the strength of wheel. Experimental results validate that the differential type of Omni-directional wheel improves the Omnidirectional wheel carrying capacity and obstacle crossing ability.


The effect of garlic extract on cadmium-induced toxicity in wistar albino rats was examined. The administration of cadmium reduced the total body weight of rats by 3.16% after one-week treatment with 15mg/kg bwt/day. Cotreatment for another 2 weeks with 15mg/kg bwt/day + 0.5ml/100g bwt/day (CdGa) and 15mg/kg bwt/day + 1ml/100g bwt/day (CdGaGa) considerably increased the total body weight of the rats. Cadmium administration increases the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; reduced reduced-glutathione and catalase activities in kidneys of rats considerably compared the control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone calcium levels were significantly(p±0.05) decreased by the administration of cadmium. The toxic effect caused by the administration of cadmium was shown to be ameliorated by garlic resulting to the reduction of the physiological effects mentioned above. Therefore, the result showed that adequate doses of garlic extract will alleviate the biochemical alterations in kidneys and bones.


This paper describes the self-assembly of "cell springs" using smooth muscle-like cells differentiated from multipotent dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. Using a microfluidic co-axial device, DFAT cells suspended in extracellular matrix (ECM) mixture of fibrin and collagen were encapsulated within tubular alginate microfibers and formed into 3D fiber-shaped micro-constructs. Such DFAT cell fibers were then induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) under various conditions. Upon differentiation induction, DFAT cell fibers spontaneously contracted into coiled spring structures within 3 days. After 3 weeks of differentiation, the differentiated DFAT cell fibers showed synchronized contraction upon electrical stimulation.


We determine the factor types of the extremal KMS weights for generalized gauge actions on a graph algebra, and the ground states for the restriction of the action to a corner defined from a vertex. The assumptions on the graph and the action varies a bit, but they all cover, at the very least, the case of the gauge action on a strongly connected graph with at most countably many exits. These are the graphs for which all the KMS weights of the gauge action were determined in the first part of this work.


Preoperative anemia is common and associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Assessment of hemoglobin concentrations may facilitate optimization prior to surgery. However, phlebotomy‐based hemoglobin measurement may contribute to patient discomfort and iatrogenic blood loss, which makes non‐invasive hemoglobin estimation attractive in this setting.


Analytical expressions of stress, displacement, and plastic zone radius in circular tunnels with or without rock bolts are presented. Considering a circular tunnel in hydrostatic stress field, with elastic-brittle-plastic rock mass, a linear Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, and a non-associated flow rule, a new elastoplastic analytical solution for unsupported circular tunnels was derived. Based on the homogenization method, considering the composite material of rock mass and rock bolts as a new homogeneous, isotropic, parameter-strengthened equivalent material, the bolt density parameter was defined to reflect the influence of a high density support pattern of rock bolts, thus an equivalent Young's modulus, equivalent cohesion, and equivalent friction angle for supported circular tunnels can be derived. Then an analytical solution for circular tunnel with rock bolts can be derived based on the new elastoplastic analytical solution without rock bolts. Bolt support was shown to be effective in reducing plastic zone radius and displacement of circular tunnel by comparison with an unsupported tunnel, also comparative analysis was undertaken using existing results and numerical solutions; the solutions derived provide reference for circular tunnel stability analysis in underground engineering.


With the rise of deep learning, the effect of Super- Resolution task has been greatly improved. Many studies have shown that the residual structure and the dense structure have a significant effect on the Super-Resolution task. However, there are three shortages of these kinds of methods: huge amount of parameters, heavy computaion, and bad reconstruction effect of details and textures. In this paper, we propose six design guidelines for designing lightweight Super-Resolution network which can not only alleviate the number of parameters and complicated calculation problems effectively, but also improve the visual effects of the reconstruction results. Following the proposed guidelines, we design two lightweight Super-Resolution networks: ASSR and ASSR-s. By comparing with the state-ofthe- art methods, we prove the effectiveness of the proposed designing guidelines. Our ASSR and ASSR-s are five times faster with comparable and even better PSNR and visual effects with the state-of-the-art models. In the AIM 2019 Constrained Super-Resolution Challenge, the proposed ASSR won the second place of track 1 and the third place of track 2.


The sequence in which the nomenclatural and taxonomic novelties in the genus Brosimum appear below corresponds with that in the revision of the neotropical Brosimeae to be published in the near future.


We have investigated the optical response of periodic arrays of metallic (gold) nanoparticles composed of a pair of particles on each lattice site. By varying the interparticle separation within the pairs from dielectric proximity to conductive contact on a nanometer scale, we observe an abrupt, large renormalization as well as a splitting of the surface plasmon polariton energy. These spectral anomalies are ascribed to a transition whereupon the interparticle dipole−dipole interaction is shunted and the plasmon polaritons exhibit multipolar behavior, including a very high local concentration of electromagnetic energy in the vicinity of their conductive contact.


Overall, respiratory problems were managed most frequently, accounting for 16.7% of all problems. At least one respiratory problem was managed at 18.1% of encounters. The most common respiratory problems were non-specific upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (4.8% of all problems) managed at 7.1 encounters per 100, asthma (2.5%) at 3.7 encounters per 100, and acute bronchitis (2.4%) at 3.5 encounters per 100. Cardiovascular, skin, and musculoskeletal problems were also frequent, accounting for 12.5%, 12.4%, and 12.0% of total problems respectively. However, cardiovascular problems were managed at only 10.4% of encounters, whereas skin problems were managed at least once at 13.0% of encounters and musculoskeletal at 12.2%. This indicates that multiple cardiovascular problems are more likely to be managed at an encounter than multiple musculoskeletal or skin problems. Hypertension constitutes over half of all cardiovascular problems (6.4% of total problems), followed by heart failure (1.1%) and ischaemic heart disease (see Glossary) (0.9%). managed, while new psychological problems accounted for 3.3% of all new problems. Of the psychological problems, anxiety was the most frequent, accounting for 1.7% of total problems managed and 1.0% of new problems, and was managed at a rate of 2.5 anxiety problems per 100 encounters. Age group (years) <1 1-4 5-1415-2425-4445-6465-7475+


The future energy networks are envisioned to be green and clean with high penetration of renewable energy-based generators. The most promising type is solar energy which has immense potential around the globe. Solar home systems (SHSs) with rooftop solar panels are proliferating in urban cities as well as in distant rural areas. Possible interaction of SHS with utility grid will result in dynamic power flow which is a huge challenge for power utility authorities and consumers. The smart meters (SMs) are being deployed to make this possible through bi-directional energy and information exchange. In order to address this need, this paper develops the communication models of SHS and SM based on the IEC 61850 standard. These models provide standardized approach to these technologies and facilitate a series of functionalities, such as power flow control, demand response, and other ancillary services, using configured message exchange. The detailed models, their use cases and the messages are studied in detail. Furthermore, extensive simulations are run with riverbed modeler to investigate the dynamic performance. IEC 61850-based models of SHS and SM are implemented, message frames are developed according to use cases, and the functionalities mentioned earlier are run as scenarios. Finally, the performances of different communication technologies have been analyzed to estimate their adequacy for smart grid implementations.


Abstract The recognition of a health care service as medically necessary under the Canada Health Act is contingent on a variety of practical and political factors. This article examines how in vitro fertilization (IVF) came to be understood as a medically necessary service in Ontario, focusing on the establishment of public funding for one cycle of treatment. The article argues that the legitimacy of medical necessity in the contemporary period is tied to three interrelated factors: the recognition of a service as sufficiently "medical," as efficient and as urgent—that is, something to be funded now and not later. By applying this framework to the case of IVF in Ontario, the article demonstrates not only the ongoing malleability of medical necessity but also how the government of Ontario has mobilized the three aspects of medical necessity to make a case for the public funding of a highly contested health care service.


An apparatus having a function of supplying a non-contact induced power and a device using the induced power are provided to automatically detect a device to receive power by receiving data inputted through near field communication, and supply the power to the device in a non-contact mode. An apparatus includes wireless communication units(110,210) conducting near field communication, an induced power supply processing unit(120) generating a flux to supply an induced power in a non-contact mode, and controllers(130,230) apply a current required to generate the corresponding flux if a power supply is requested from an adjacent device through the wireless communication unit and supply the induced power to the adjacent device through the induced power supply processing unit.


In light of the principle of utility maximization in consumer goods and by using utility function of consumer satisfaction in sales promotion,a multinomial model is constructed for the evaluation of the effects of sales promotion on fast moving consumer goods.An analysis is carried out into the data of women's sanitary napkin collected from the market,which confirms the feasibility of the model discussed in this paper.The model proposed in this paper is therefore helpful to a business in optimizing its resources and improving its economical benefits.


From contract management,cost and quality monitoring of production factors,cost design,cost decomposition,cost analysis,optimization of construction scheme,claim,settlement and other aspects key points for project cost management are elaborated in order to win the bid at low price.


A similarity metric based on the low-level content of images can be used to create a visualisation in which visually similar images are displayed close to each other. We are carrying out a series of experiments to evaluate the usefulness of this type of visualisation as an image browsing aid. The initial experiment, described, considered whether people would find a given photograph more quickly in a visualisation than in a randomly arranged grid of images. The results show that the subjects were faster with the visualisation, although in post-experiment interviews many of them said that they preferred the clarity and regularity of the grid. We describe an algorithm with which the best aspects of the two layout types can be combined.


The booster synchrotron for NSLS-II will include a 7-cell PETRA cavity, which was manufactured for the PETRA-II project at DESY. The cavity fundamental frequency operates at 500 MHz. In order to verify the impedances of the fundamental and higher-order modes (HOM), which were calculated by computer code, we measured the magnitude of the electromagnetic field of the fundamental acceleration mode and HOM using the bead-pull method. To keep the cavity body temperature constant, we used a chiller system to supply cooling water at 20 degrees C. The bead-pull measurement was automated with a computer. We encountered some issues during the measurement process due to the difficulty in measuring the electromagnetic field magnitude in a multi-cell cavity. We describe the method and apparatus for the field measurement, and the obtained results.


This paper presents the design of a wireless charging station using radio frequency energy, for small, rechargeable portable devices using a container of dimensions 100×100×100 mm3. Two folded uniplanar inverted F antennas working at 865 MHz ISM band are used as power transmitters. A rectifier circuit is designed for the receiver end to convert the incident RF power into DC power. Uniformity of electromagnetic fields within the container is studied using numerical simulations.


The transformative benefits of broadband on economic and social variables have led governments to set ambitious targets for its deployment. In making a case for public policy on broadband, many studies have sought to identify and measure broadband economic benefits. Such benefits have not been fully realized in Third World economiesIn an increasingly integrated global economy, broadband is central in providing economic growth and competitiveness to any organisation, country or region. In spite of this competitive advantage of broadband, in the last four years Africa had mobile cellular penetration of 63% and penetration rate flattened at 5.2%. Social and economic factors have been cited as major contributors to this undesirable phenomenon. This papers assays to identify these factors, rank them and suggest possible remedies in the context of Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). The main research question this paper attempts to answer therefore is: how can broadband penetration within SADC region be improved?A confirmatory factors Analysis (CFA) was used to ascertain the conformity of these factors as obtained from raw data to what is given by literature. The weighting of these factors and policy interventions were then discussed as possible solutions for decision makers within the region.


This work describes the preparation of an aliphatic series of the N-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-S-trifluoromethyl-S-sulfoximine group. The key step of the synthesis is the imination of fluorinated sulfoxides under experimental conditions, which avoid cleavage of the alkyl group. The formation of sulfoximines 6 and 15 allows the preparation of various fluorinated sulfoximines having strong electron withdrawing properties.


This article, which draws largely from Arabica press sources from 1885 to 1900, seeks to sharpen our view of social attitudes reflected in the activities of local Freemasons in Egypt and Syria during the last decades of the Ottoman Empite. A number of earlier historians have attached considerable importance to pre- and post-1908 masonic orders and Ottoman politics. Too few, however, have tried to analyze ways in which essential social themes, some widely recognized as having importance across international and intercultural lines, were viewed through the perspective of late 19th-century Freemasonry. A first task in this introduction, therefore, will be to see how Masons in Europe and the Middle East viewed, or were presumed to view, a number of such social themes in general terms. We will then turn to one specific issue which clearly assumed more than passing importance as a propagandistic cause pursued by a small but influential group of Masons in Syria and Egypt over nearly two decades' time. We may tentatively suggest that the purpose of such endeavors was to encourage majority acceptance of the relevance and value of a cause espoused for the body politic as a whole, without necessary reference to its original, here clearly minority, proponents.


Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified by luminescent Ru(ii) complexes not only possess bright red fluorescence but also can target lysosomes. Cell imaging and a cytotoxicity study suggest that Ru1-2·AgNPs may act as a potential theranostic agent.


As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contain numerous sensor nodes containing limited battery power that collect and transmit the data collected from all the nodes towards the Base Station which needs much energy utilization. There are several routing protocols which are already proposed under this consideration attaining effectiveness of energy in heterogeneous circumstances. Although, every protocol is unsuitable for heterogeneous WSNs. Efficiency of WSNs declines as varying the heterogeneity of sensor nodes. Though EDDEEC has depicted quite considerable outcomes compared to already developed existing WSNs protocols but it has ignore the utilization of waiting time of node to become cluster heads (CHs). Therefore might a few nodes will not turn out to be CHs for a very long time still they contain more confidence to become CHs. Therefore to conquer this issue we have used a waiting counter called . is then total number of waiting rounds for a given node to become CH. It will generate a +ve value that will constantly amplify the node to T (n) value for a specified node to become CH. So it will produce more optimized CHs. For getting the better results more we have used the minimum allowed distance (MDCH) between two CHs to cover the sensor field in the most proficient manner. General Terms Energy efficiency, Throughput, network Lifetime.


Objectives: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is shown to provide the real-time genomic information of metastatic breast cancer. This study elucidates the clinico-pathological significance of ctDNA in early-stage breast cancer using the PIK3CA mutation as an indicator. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven primary breast cancers without metastasis were surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed at the University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan. Genomic DNA of primary tumor was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. ctDNA was extracted from fresh-frozen plasma from patients. The PIK3CA mutations at E542K, E545K and H1047R were examined by Sanger sequencing or droplet digital PCR in 27 tumors and preand post-surgery plasma. Results: The PIK3CA mutations were detected in 13 (48%) of 27 primary tumors. These mutations did not significantly correlate with specific clinico-pathological characteristics of tumors. When ctDNA was examined, 4 (33%) of 12 cases carrying the mutated PIK3CA showed the identical mutation in pre-surgery plasma and 2 (50%) of them showed the identical mutations in post-surgery plasma. Interestingly, in these 2 cases in pathological stages IIIA and IA, fractional abundance of the mutated PIK3CA alleles to the total alleles in pre-surgery ctDNA was around 1% or more and was higher than that of the other two cases without PIK3CA mutations in post-surgery ctDNA. Conclusions: The PIK3CA mutation in ctDNA is detectable even in a subset of early-stage breast cancer. Furthermore, fractional abundance of the mutated PIK3CA in pre-surgery ctDNA could provide a possible predictive indicator for tumor burden and for choosing the appropriate adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. How to cite this paper: Sato, A., Tanabe, M., Tsuboi, Y., Ikemura, M., Tada, K., Seto, Y. and Murakami, Y. (2018) Detection of the PIK3CA Mutation in Circulating Tumor DNA as a Possible Predictive Indicator for Poor Prognosis of Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 9, 42-54. https://doi.org/10.4236/jct.2018.91006 Received: December 19, 2017 Accepted: January 23, 2018 Published: January 26, 2018 Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access


We have previously reported that, in venous myocytes, G²γ scavengers inhibit angiotensin AT1A receptor‐induced stimulation of L‐type Ca2+ channels (1). Here, we demonstrate that intracellular infusion of purified G²γ complexes stimulates the L‐type Ca2+ channel current in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additional intracellular dialysis of GDP‐bound inactive Gαo or of a peptide corresponding to the G²γ binding region of the ²‐adrenergic receptor kinase completely inhibited the G²γ‐induced stimulation of Ca2+ channel currents. The gating properties of the channel were not affected by intracellular application of G²γ, suggesting that G²γ increased the whole‐cell calcium conductance. In addition, both the angiotensin AT1A receptor‐ and the G²γ‐induced stimulation of L‐type Ca2+ channels were blocked by pretreatment of the cells with wortmannin, at nanomolar concentrations. Correspondingly, intracellular infusion of an enzymatically active purified recombinant G²γ‐sensitive phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, PI3Kγ, mimicked G²γ‐induced stimulation of Ca2+ channels. Both G²γ‐ and PI3Kγ‐induced stimulations of Ca2+ channel currents were reduced by protein kinase C inhibitors suggesting that the G²γ/PI3Kγ‐activated transduction pathway involves a protein kinase C. These results indicate for the first time that G²γ dimers stimulate the vascular L‐type Ca2+ channels through a G²γ‐sensitive PI3K.— Viard, P., Exner, T., Maier, U., Mironneau, J., Nürnberg, B., Macrez, N. G²γ dimers stimulate vascular L‐type Ca2+ channels via phosphoinositide 3‐kinase γ. FASEB J. 13, 685–694 (1999)


A Multimedia English Teaching Model is raised in college English Curriculum Requirements issued by State Education Ministry.This Model has improved the traditional teacher-centered model,Placing a premium on indi- vidualized teaching and independent learning.The pilot results show that the teaching model combined with teaching and"independent learning and tutoring"integrate the networks and teaching.Under the guidance of the teachers,students can be assisted by computer,their all-round ability to use English can be improved and the best effects of learning a- chieved.


In this paper a methodology with Pseudo power load flow implementation has been presented to remove extra burden on slack bus in both economic and environmental aspects. Using this methodology, the effect of nature of power plant (Thermal/Gas) has been analyzed on the generation cost, emission and power loss distribution. This work can be applied to any system as it is not dependent on type as well as the nature of system. The complete methodology has been tested on IEEE-30 bus test system with supporting numerical and graphical results.


Author has analyzed the situation of energy consume and its potential of energy conservation and discharge reduction of large-sized ammonia synthesis plant;has presented the technology reformation measures for lowering consumes of raw material,heat energy and steam;and has indicated the path of energy conservation in large-sized ammonia synthesis plant;has briefly described the technical reformation measure and its effect for the process condensate discharge system of purification procedure,and has described the key point of the discharge reduction in the ammonia synthesis plant.


Author: Claypool, Mallory, B.. MS Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: May 2019 Title: Influence of Team Formation on Team Perception of Satisfaction and Participation Committee Chair: Dr. Nathan Mentzer Background: Purdue Polytechnic's Tech12000, Design Thinking in Technology, course incorporates many instances of team work. Over the last 8 years, there have been varied methods of how to create the teams for the projects. Purpose: This study compares two methods of team formation, software generated and instructor/student-selected, to determine which, if any, method generates increased perception of team member satisfaction and increased team member contribution. Methodology: The subjects for this study were students enrolled in a design course at a Purdue Polytechnic, divided into a comparison group with instructor/student-selected teams, and a treatment group with software-generated teams. These students were predominately first year students enrolled in their first semester of college. Findings/conclusions: The researcher discovered that the computer software-generated teams produced teams that had slightly larger mean scores on satisfaction and contribution versus the instructor/student-selected teams, although not at a statistically significant level. Implications: The findings of this study provide another tool for educators, with possible implications for industry, to generate teams in the classroom.


The problem of distortion of velocity gradient by anomalous viscosity of weak electrostatic turbulent plasma is considered. Linear and nonlinear models are employed and several examples are solved. It is shown that the velocity gradient is smoothed out as a result of the momentum transfer by anomalous viscosity. Furthermore, the rate of decay is faster for the linear model when compared with the nonlinear one.


Objective:To explore and study the method of pre venting and curing the complication s of the liposuction .Method:To reserve the local circumstances i n the whole process of the liposuctio n with the endoscopic,such as the main blood su pplying of the operated or region before the liposuction;the wound after liposuction.To reserve the su spicious place at all times in the pro cess of the liposuction with the endoscopic .To operate on with the en doscopic.Results:73cases were operated on by endoscop ic -assisted liposuction .We can find ou t how the blood vessels in the subcuta neous fat tissue are distributed before the liposuction with endoscopic -assisted liposuction and so we c an operate on in a plant way to relieve and prevent to damage the blo od vessels.Conclusion:We can turn the blinded operation to p lanted operation with endoscopic -assiste d liposuction technique and can operate on with the endoscopic ,such as stanching bleeding ,sewing up and so to reduce the injury of the operation,relieve and prevent the complications .


Stereoselective synthesis of a potential intermediate bearing 11-oxabicyclo[6.2.1]undec-3-ene core, a common scaffold of biologically active germacrane-type sesquiterpenes, has been achieved. Synthetic features involve formal 1,3-asymmetric induction, unusual ring-closing metathesis constructing a 10-membered carbocycle system, and unique lactone transposition.


Abstract Mesoscale model simulations are performed in order to provide insight into the complex role of jet streak adjustments in establishing an environment favorable to the generation of gravity waves on 11–12 July 1981. This wave event was observed in unprecedented detail downstream of the Rocky Mountains in Montana during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment. The high-resolution model simulations employ a variety of terrain treatments in the absence of the complicating effects of precipitation physics in order to examine the complex interactions between orography and adiabatic geostrophic adjustment processes. Results indicate that prior to gravity wave formation, a four-stage geostrophic adjustment process modified the structure of the mid- to upper-tropospheric jet streak by creating secondary mesoscale jet streaks (jetlets) to the southeast of the polar jet streak in proximity to the gravity wave generation region (WGR). During stage I, a strong rightward-directed ageostrophic flow i...


The US, Japan and some European Union countries transformed to the information economy in the early 1950s. As a result of this transformation, the size of the industrial sector declined as the service and information sectors became dominant m the employment and production of the countries. In this new economy, knowledge production activities have been more important for umovation and policy formulation. A new technology called "computer technology" or "information technology" (IT) has come out. In addition to these changes, participatory democracy replaced parliamentary democracy as a different political system. This study examines the above characteristics of the information economy deeply. The purpose of the study is to explaine the characteristics of the new society m comparison with that of the industrial society.


The dearth of scientific literature in which specific erosional landform origins are determined is an example of what Thomas Kuhn considered a scientific crisis. Scientific crises arise when scientists following their discipline's established paradigm's rules, or doing what Kuhn calls normal science, cannot explain observed evidence. Scientific crises are resolved in one of three ways. Normal science may eventually explain the evidence and normal science returns, the unsolved problems may be identified and labeled and left for future scientists to solve, or a new paradigm may emerge with an ensuing battle over its acceptance. To succeed any new paradigm must demonstrate its ability to explain the previously unexplained evidence and also open up new research opportunities. During the 20th century's first half regional geomorphologists abiding by their discipline's paradigm rules unsuccessfully tried to explain origins of numerous erosional landforms, such as drainage divides and erosional escarpments. Their failures eventually caused the regional geomorphology discipline, at least that part of the discipline concerned with determining specific erosional landform origins, to almost completely disappear. A new and fundamentally different geomorphology paradigm that requires massive southeast-oriented continental ice sheet melt-water floods to have flowed across the Powder River Basin has the ability to explain specific erosional landform origins and is demonstrated here by using detailed topographic map evidence to show how large southeast-oriented floods eroded the Powder River Basin's Belle Fourche River-Cheyenne River drainage divide segment, eroded through valleys now crossing that drainage divide segment, eroded the Powder River Basin's Belle Fourche River valley, established Belle Fourche and Cheyenne River Powder River Basin tributary valley orientations, and eroded the north-facing Pine Ridge Escarpment. The success of this and other similar new paradigm demonstrations suggest many if not all specific erosional landform origins can be determined.


In his paper The Parish Communion, delivered when he was Bishop of Durham, and reprinted in his collected DurhamEssaysand .Addresses), the present Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Michael Ramsey, set himself, in his own words, "to assess the gains, the losses, the hopes, the dangers" of the parish communion movement, which means, broadly speaking, the liturgical movement at the ordinary parochial level in the Church of England. Prominent among the dangers he ranked an unbalanced doctrine of the eucharistic sacrifice:


Our aim is to correlate dielectric relaxation with structure of polyethylene. By using the depolarization thermocurrent (DTC) technique it is shown that the so-called α-, β-, γ-relaxation modes have a fine structure. The "elementray" processes have been isolated experimentally; they are well described by the assumption of thermally activated relaxations. The data deduced from the analysis of the resolved DTC spectra allow to calculate the complex dielectric constant versus temperature and frequency. The calculated dielectric loss curves versus temperature are found in good agreement with bridge experiments performed on the same samples, in the available frequency range.

Notre but est d'effectuer une correlation entre les relaxations dielectriques du polyethylene et sa structure. Grâce a la technique des thermocourants de depolarisation (TCD), nous avons montre l'existence d'und structure fine pour les modes de relaxation α, β, γ. Les processus «elementaires» ont ete isoles experimentalement; ils sont bien decrits dans l'shypothese de relaxations thermiquement activees. Les resultats deduits de l'analyse de spectres de TCD resolus permettent de calculer la constante dielectrique complexe en fonction de la temperature et de la frequence. Les courbes calculees perte d'energie en fonction de temperature sont en bon accord avec les mesures effectuees au pont de mesure de capacites sur les memes echantillons, dans la gamme de frequence accessible aux mainpulations.


enie des Proc´ ed´ es et Mat´ eriaux, Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande voie des vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France Abstract: Limiting factors induced by the formation of a biofilm on the hydrocarbon's surface during in-situ bioremediation were identified. A liquid-liquid system (hydrocarbon-aqueous solution) and a device made of six fixed-bed columns packed with sand were successively used on a laboratory-scale. In the liquid-liquid system, it was shown that biofilm growth was limited by the diffusion of both oxygen and hydrocarbon within the biofilm. At the end of growth, the biofilm thickness reached 80±20µm. In the fixed-bed columns, additional difficulties were observed. First, distribution of oxygen in the deepest part of the sand was difficult: from 84 to 100% of the biofilm growth occurred in the upper two-thirds of the sand. Then, the surface of the hydrocarbon available for microorganisms was found to be a limiting factor for the biofilm's development.  2004 Society of Chemical Industry


Western linguistics has evolved immensely in the field of language in its wide range of usages, hence, research has shifted from the level of sentence to the text which became the major target of modern linguistics thinking.and within the same perspective the interest given to the communicative, persuasive, and aesthetic objectives of texts has widened the systemic forms and the generating principles of texts in situational communication the latter gave birth to textual linguistics or say textual grammar whose aim is doing research into the forms of cohesion and coherence inside texts; the very thing that exercised a great of influence on Arabic linguistics of texts-the sbject matter of this study.


(57) Abstract: herein, the composition is useful for the identification and isolation of components involved in transmembrane receptor-mediated signaling and methods are disclosed. Examples of such components, the receptor itself (e.g., tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokine receptors and tyrosine phosphatase receptors), as well as ligands that bind to receptors and modulators of downstream intracellular catalytic events that characterize the receptor-mediated signaling. The nucleotide sequences encoding two novel ligands and their relative FGF receptors are also disclosed.


Olaudah Equiano's gripping tale of captivity and emancipation, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African, published in 1789, is the paradigmatic text of the Middle Passage experience. Related in the voice and from the point of view of a once-enslaved Igbo, it helped shape the conventions of the crossing narrative, its themes, motifs, and rhetorical strategies. When Equiano writes "I have been a witness" (84), he consciously confirms the veracity and historicity of his text, which contradicts the written accounts and verbal testimonies of the trappers, traders, and traffickers who engaged in "The Cruelest Commerce" (Palmer 63). Indeed, his memoir is important as an historical text that documents the representative experiences of an African who survived the transatlantic passage, achieved literacy, purchased his freedom, and traveled throughout the world. Despite his claim that he is "unable to adorn the plainness of truth by the coloring of the imagination" (178), this unlettered African mastered the craft of writing as is evident in the fluidity, dramatic tension, detailed descriptions, lively dialogues, and vivid characterizations of his prose. The following passage, for example, is notable for its simplicity, understatement, and sentence construction: I was ready to curse the tide that bore us, the gale that wafted my prison, and even the ship that conducted us. And I called on death to relieve me from the horrors I felt and dreaded, that I might be in that place "Where slaves are free, and men oppress no more." (72) The horrors of the Middle Passage, which Equiano survived at age eleven, only reinforced his appreciation of his culture, his life-long desire to return home, and the validation of his indigenous self. In the title of his autobiography he proudly identifies himself as "the African," and the figure of the warrior, a major archetype in contemporary fiction, becomes the central metaphor of his identity. He writes: "I was trained up from my earliest years in the art of war... and my mother adorned me with emblems, after the manner of our greatest warriors" (32). Affirming the spiritual beliefs, moral values, and artistic achievements of his people, he proudly explains: "We are almost a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets" (21). Significantly, Equiano underscored in the eighteenth century the images and themes-national pride, warrior archetype, self-affirmation, and the African cultural heritage-that twentieth-century writers would elaborate upon in their meditations upon the historical significance of the transatlantic voyage. Although the "voyage through death to life upon these shores" (Hayden 48) is embedded in the cultural memory of Africans in the Diaspora, the theme was rarely treated in the emancipatory narratives or anti-slavery novels of African-descended writers in the nineteenth century. Indeed, there was a long hiatus between Equiano's narrative and the traders' travel journals, which were coterminous with the voyage, and the imaginary reconstruction of the crossing experience by artists and writers.1 It has been primarily in the last four decades of the twentieth century that Black writers have addressed the theme of the Middle Passage in their works.2 This phenomenon can be attributed in large measure to historical events such as the struggle for independence in Africa and the Caribbean, and the Civil Rights and Black Power movements in the United States; the emergence of a Black Aesthetic, which focused on the politics of representation; and cultural initiatives such as revisionist reinterpretations of Black history, the institutionalization of Africana Studies, and cultural exchanges between artists and scholars in Africa and the Americas. This historical and cultural context is fundamental to the interpretation of Afro-Hispanic texts in which writers fictionalize slavery and, as a result, revise history. One of the first writers to engage in this project of creative revision is a nineteenth-century Cuban. …


Title of Thesis: An Experimental Investigation of a Micro Air Vehicle-Scale Cycloidal Rotor in Forward Flight Tejaswi Jarugumilli, Master of Science, 2013 Thesis directed by: Professor Inderjit Chopra Department of Aerospace Engineering Micro air vehicles (MAVs) are small-scale, autonomous vehicles which are envisioned to perform a wide range of critical missions in the future. The relatively small size of MAVs presents a significantly different set of challenges from the point of view of aerodynamic, structural, and power/propulsion system design in comparison to fullscale aircraft. Therefore, scaling down conventional aircraft and helicopter designs may not necessarily yield an efficient MAV. The current research is focused on an unconventional concept, known as the cycloidal rotor, which has been proposed as an efficient, hover-capable solution at the MAV-scale. The cycloidal rotor concept is nearly a century old, and its feasibility for unmanned/micro air vehicle applications was recently established. However, the availability of experimental data and analytical tools is scarce, especially in forward flight. There have not been many systematic experimental studies conducted in forward flight. Furthermore, developing analytical tools to predict forward flight performance can prove a difficult challenge at small scales, due to the limited understanding of low Reynolds number aerodynamics. The objective of the current research, therefore, is two-fold: 1) to examine the forward flight capability of the cycloidal rotor concept, and 2) to develop a basic understanding of the operating principles in forward flight. Two distinct approaches were undertaken to fulfill this objective. First, systematic experimental studies were conducted in a wind tunnel to examine the time-averaged forces of the cyclorotor. The effects of blade pitching kinematics and rotor geometry on the time-averaged lift, propulsive force and power were examined at different forward speeds. Next, the results were interpolated to determine the trimmed, level flight performance requirements based on an existing twin-rotor cyclocopter MAV. The power consumption, lift-to-drag ratio and control input requirements of the cyclorotor were determined as a function of forward speed. The second approach was to conduct flow field studies, which included 2dimensional flow visualization and time-resolved, planar particle image velocmetry (PIV) measurements. The aim of the flow field studies was to develop an understanding of the flow physics behind force production of the cyclorotor. Both time-averaged and phase-averaged flow fields were examined. Time-averaged flow field measurements provided insights into the mean velocity distributions along the rotor azimuth. Phase-averaged flow field measurements provided insights into the role of unsteady aerodynamics, such as blade-vortex interactions, on the local force production of the blades. The flow field results were correlated to predictions from previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies to help explain the distribution of forces along the rotor azimuth. An Experimental Investigation of a Micro Air Vehicle-Scale Cycloidal Rotor in Forward Flight by Tejaswi Jarugumilli Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor Inderjit Chopra, Chair/Advisor Dr. Moble Benedict, Research Scientist/Co-Advisor Professor James Baeder Professor Norman Wereley c © Copyright by Tejaswi Jarugumilli 2013


Mice and rabbits readily form antibodies in response to injections of Erwinia carotovora L-asparaginase (ASNase), and show accelerated blood clearance of the enzyme following treatment. In mice, by a suitable choice of dose of ASNase and schedule of administration, the immunological response could be minimized. There was evidence of specific immunological tolerance, shown more readily in terms of blood clearance than of serum antibody titres. A proportion of mice was also made tolerant using cyclophosphamide (CY) together with ASNase. In rabbits, the immunogenicity of ASNase could not be reduced in general, either by the use of centrifuged, aggregate-free enzyme, or by the use of reportedly tolerogenic regimens of CY or 6-mercaptopurine.


Adult male chickens were fed diets low in linoleic acid, vitamin E and ethoxyquin or high in linoleic acid with or without added vitamin E or ethoxyquin for 25 weeks. Fertilizing capacity and sperm concentration of semen were adversely affected with males fed the high linoleic acid diet without vitamin E or ethoxyquin. The addition of vitamin E or ethoxyquin to the high linoleic acid diet overcame these adverse effects. The low linoleic acid diet without vitamin E and ethoxyquin had no adverse effect on fertilizing capacity and concentration of semen. No differences were evident for males fed any of the diets as far as semen volume, hatchability of fertile eggs, body or testes weights or feed consumption were concerned. During the 26th and 27th weeks increasing the number of sperm inseminated failed to improve fertility of the males fed the diet high in linoleic acid without vitamin E. The results indicate that diets high in linoleic acid but without vitamin E affect fertilizing capac ity as well as the number of sperm produced. Adamstone and Card ( 1) reported testicular degeneration resulting after a vita min E-deficient diet was fed to Rhode Island Red males for a 2-year period. Al though no differences were observed at one year, an adverse effect on fertilizing capacity was noted with a limited number of males after 2 years. More recently Machlin et al. (2) reported adverse effects on fertility as well as egg production of White Leghorn layers fed diets low in vitamin E but containing a high level of linoleic acid. They showed that lowered fertility and egg production were overcome by addition of vitamin E or ethoxyquin to the diet. In the absence of the high level of linoleic acid as well as vitamin E and ethoxyquin no adverse effects on fertility or egg production could be observed during the 6 weeks of their experiment. The relationship of vitamin E to linoleic acid metabolism has been reviewed by Scott (3). Evidence is cited indicating that vitamin E functions as a biological antioxidant that protects against encephalomalacia in chicks by preventing the breakdown of linoleic acid to 12-oxo-cis-9-octadecenoic (keto) acid. Whether or not the same relationship exists with adult poultry has not been established, but the data re ported with layers (2) suggest such a pos sibility. In view of a previous interest in the area of nutrition as related to male fertility (4), the present experiment was undertaken to determine whether linoleic acid would ex ert a detrimental effect on fertilizing ca pacity of adult male chickens fed diets with or without vitamin E or ethoxyquin.


Six sigma is a method for improving processes that focus on reducing process variations using statistical approaches and effective problem solving. The purpose of this method is calculating the impact of six sigma applications to company productivity. Six sigma not only aims to achieve zero defect, with the Six Sigma method optimizing production (Productivity), Six sigma, supporting the proper procedures in line with business goals both system and process. With the DMAIC method, we get as much information as possible and as soon with the smallest sample unit of the experiment. From the results of the paper, Takt Time reduce, 9.2s a 8.5s proved by DMAIC analysis to get effective and efficient improvement that ultimately can improve the company's efficiency.


The thesis expounds the importance of the Rotor Current Controller in Induction Wind Generator in Wind Generator Sets. The topic analyses the kind and the source of the faults of the Rotor Current Controller. Also it design the method of the technology of tolerating faults in the Rotor Current Controller. Some kinds of the technology of tolerating faults are used in hardware and software. So the system can identify the kinds of the fault and eliminate the fault, then making the system can control itself and achieve the best work state again. Using mix redundant methods in software part in order to protect the program running reliably and disposing dates correctly. The system which can be controlled remotely and showed communicates with the computer and can send the result of diagnosis to it in time.


In view of the drawbacks of traditional paper-based exams and existing network test systems,it proposes the design of a general online examination system which can supply comprehensive test with subjective and objective questions and a variety of test patterns.The system integrates the function of setting questions,examining,marking and results inquiry,applicable to a range of disciplinary and subjects.It finally specifies how to implement the design.


Modules are teaching materials that can be used by teachers in providing material during learning. In addition, the module is a support for learning activities. Even so, many teachers still who cannot compile modules to assist them in teaching and developing their potential. Therefore, this independent curriculum-based teaching module preparation training activity will provide benefits for teachers and students. Teachers will be able to teach well with existing teaching materials and can improve the quality of educator skills, and students get structured and systematic material. The methods used in community service activities are discussions, lectures, questions and consultations. Lectures and discussions are conducted to convey material regarding learning modules in general, while consultations are held to assist in the preparation of modules carried out by teachers and resource persons. The impact of the mentoring module at SD IT Darul Ilmi is good for teachers. This is shown from the modules produced by the teacher that have been adapted to the needs of students. In addition, the teacher also has good teaching materials for delivering material and students can master the material provided well.


Hypertriglyceridaemia is a risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality in glucose-intolerant patients.' In clinical practice Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients often have fasting serum lipids measured in order to identify modifiable risk factors, although coronary prevention studies of lipid lowering in diabetes are still required. A fasting blood sample is preferred because total triglyceride concentration increases postprandially. Elevated fasting triglycerides are commonly found in diabetic patients, but multiple abnormalities of lipoprotein composition and function have been described. This is hardly surprising as insulin is a key regulating hormone of many of the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism. The measurement of lipoprotein composition and function is impractical in routine clinical practice, but is essential to research if we are to understand the mechanisms of accelerated atheroma formation in diabetes. Just as abnormalities bf lipoprotein production, catabolism and composition underlie the raised total triglyceride concentration of diabetes, so too the postprandial rise in total triglycerides is accompanied by changes in metabolism, composition, and possibly function of al l lipoproteins, not only chylomi~rons.~,~ Interest i s returning to investigation of lipoprotein metabolism in the postprandial state, although the hypothesis of the degree of postprandial rise in lipids (postprandial lipaemia) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease was first raised in the late 1 9 4 0 ~ . ~ A number of case control studies have shown measures of postprandial lipaemia to be related to atherosclerotic vascular disease, and postprandial triglyceridaemia may be a more sensitive discriminator than fasting values in the general popul a t i ~ n . ~ Postprandially the activity of many of the key enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism changes. As many of these are at least partly regulated by that postprandial hormone insulin, nowhere is research on the postprandial state more poignant than in diabetes. Studies of the postprandial state should not be confined to measuring plasma lipoproteins, glycaemia, and insulinaemia, but should look at how these may effect mechanisms of atheroma formation. Two papers in this issue of Diabetic Medicine illustrate the importance of studying the postprandial as well as the fasting state, and also highlight some of the difficulties. Research


unionltJk>0 Ek A moretractable alternative totheoptimal multi-target Optimal Bayesian multi-target filtering is,ingeneral,filter istheProbability Hypothesis Density filter ofMahler, computationally impractical duetothehighdimensionality [9], whichpropagates thefirst momentofthemulti-target ofthemulti-target state. Recently Mahler, [91, introduced a posterior, knownastheintensity function orPHD. filter which propagates thefirst momentofthemulti-targetWhilemulti-target tracking isamaturefield, thePoint posterior distribution, whichhecalled theProbability Hy- Process formalism behind thederivation ofthePHDfilter is pothesis Density (PHD)filter While this reduces thedi- newtothearea. ThePHSD filter hasrecently beenthefocus mensionality oftheproblem, thePHDfilter still involvesofmuchinterest duetoits favourable performance inmultiintractable integrals inmanycases ofinterest. Several au- target tracking ascompared withtraditional approaches. In thors haveproposed Sequential MonteCarlo (SMC)imple- this paper we present anew SMC implementation ofthe mentations ofthePHDfilter Howeverthese implementa-PHDfilter which ismuchmuchefficient than thealgorithms tions aretheequivalent oftheBootstrap Particle Filter, and proposed in theliterature thusfar[13], [11], [15]. Werefer thelatter iswell knowntobeinefficient. Drawing onideas thereader to[1]forother approaches tomulti-target trackfromtheAuxiliary Particle Filter ofPitt andShephard [IO], wepresent aSMC implementation ofthePHDfilter which employs auxiliary variables toenhance itsefficiency. Numerical examples arealso presented. 2.ThePHD Filter


Being able to accurately characterize the terahertz performance of simple metal conductors is very important for the CAD modelling of components, circuits and systems operating at these frequencies. A comprehensive survey of published experimental data for the room temperature surface resistance of simple metals, from DC up to the edge of the mid-infrared frequency range, has been undertaken. It has been found that, with the optical measurements performed within the far-IR region, there does not appear to be anomalous intrinsic conduction loss phenomenon at room temperature; this is in direct contradiction to the findings of other research groups. This is because the non-optical measurement approaches adopted by Tischer, Schwab et al. and Batt et al. are fundamentally flawed, since anomalous findings could be attributed to one or more factors that were not taken into account.


Background: IκB Kinase-β is a critical regulator in the activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor related to the expression and regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Objective: To investigate whether inhibition IκB Kinase-β could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: We examined whether a novel IκB Kinase-β inhibitor, IMD-1041, attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro, mrc-5 cells were incubated with or without TGF-β1, then treated with various concentrations of IMD-0354 and pirfenidone respectively. Results: Administration of IMD-1041significantly improved the loss of body weight and survival of mice treated with bleomycin, whereas IMD-1041 alone did not cause any morphologic change in the lung. In addition, IMD-1041 reduced the collagen content and fibrotic score as shown by histological examination. Furthermore, the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone on bleomycin-induced mice was weaker than IMD-1041.When mice were evaluated 7d after bleomycin challenge, the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β、IL-6、FGF-2、MCP-1、TGF-β1 and TNF-ɑ was reduced in the lungs of mice treated with IMD-1041 and pirfenidone separately. In vitro study showed that both of IMD-0354 and pirfenidone significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and collagen I in cells by western blotting. Moreover, IMD-0354 with 0.03 uM completely suppressed the expression of α-SMA. Conclusion: These results suggest that IκB Kinase-β inhibitor IMD-1041 might be useful to attenuate the inflammation in the lungs induced by fibrotic injury and subsequent fibrogenesis via inhibiting the expression of profibrotic ctyokines related to the activation of NF-κB and suppressing fibroblast differentiation.


Preface The 2010 International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, a reunion of sorts of the 1989 International Conference on the Physics of Highly Correlated Electron Systems that also convened in Santa Fe. SCES 2010 – co-chaired by John Sarrao and Joe Thompson – followed the tradition of earlier conferences in this century, hosted by Buzios ('08), Houston ('07), Vienna ('05), Karlsruhe ('04), Krakow ('02) and Ann Arbor ('01). Every three years since 1997, SCES has joined the International Conference on Magnetism (ICM), held in Recife ('00), Rome ('03), Kyoto ('06) and Karlsruhe ('09). Like its predecessors, SCES 2010 topics included strongly correlated f- and d-electron systems, heavy-fermion behaviors, quantum-phase transitions, non-Fermi liquid phenomena, unconventional superconductivity, and emergent states that arise from electronic correlations. Recent developments from studies of quantum magnetism and cold atoms complemented the traditional subjects and were included in SCES 2010. 2010 celebrated the 400th anniversary of Santa Fe as well as the birth of astronomy. So what is the connection to SCES? The Dutch invention of the first practical telescope and its use by Galileo in 1610 and subsequent years overturned the dogma that the sun revolved about the earth. This revolutionary, and at the time heretical, conclusion required innovative combinations of new instrumentation, observation and mathematics. These same combinations are just as important 400 years later and are the foundation of scientific discoveries that were discussed during SCES 2010. As we learned, past dogmas about strongly correlated materials and phenomena must be re-examined with an open and inquisitive mind. A glimpse at the excitement this conference had to offer can be seen in the SCES 2010 proceedings, which are published simultaneously by the Institute of Physics Publishing in issues of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (contributed papers) and Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (invited papers). This conference would not have been possible without the hard work of the SCES 2010 Program Committee, International and National Advisory Committees, Local Committee and conference organizers, the New Mexico Consortium. We thank them as well as those organizations that generously provided financial support: ICAM-I2CAM, Quantum Design, Lakeshore, the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and the Department of Energy National Laboratories at Argonne, Berkeley, Brookhaven, Los Alamos and Oak Ridge. Of course, we especially thank the participants for bringing new ideas and new results, without which SCES 2010 would not have been possible.


Objective To assess the value of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy(VATS) in treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods Publications on comparison between VATS and open thoracotomy (OT) in treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer from 1990 to 2011 were collected.The data on operating time,blood loss,harvested lymph nodes,length of chest tube drainage,postoperative hospital stay,and postoperative complications between VATS group and OT group were meta-analyzed using fixed effect model and random effect model. Results Four researches(including 479 patients) entered this study,which were randomized controlled studies.No statistically significant difference was found in blood loss,harvested lymph nodes,and length of chest tube drainage between VATS group and OT group(P0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in operating time,postoperative hospital stay,and postoperative complications between the two groups(P0.05).Compared with OT group,postoperative hospital stay in VATS group was shorter and complications were reduced,but operating time was longer. Conclusions Compared with OT group,postoperative recovery and hospitalization period of VATS group were shorter and complications were reduced,the same degree of radicality and amount of blood loss were achieved,but operating time was longer.Video-assisted thoracic surgery is safe and feasible.


Hydraulic architecture was studied in shrub species differing in rooting depth in a cold desert in Southern Argentina. All species exhibited strong hydraulic segmentation between leaves, stems and roots with leaves being the most vulnerable part of the hydraulic pathway. Two types of safety margins describing the degree of conservation of the hydraulic integrity were used: the difference between minimum stem or leaf water potential (Ψ) and the Ψ at which stem or leaf hydraulic function was reduced by 50% (Ψ - Ψ50), and the difference between leaf and stem Ψ50. Leaf Ψ50 - stem Ψ50 increased with decreasing rooting depth. Large diurnal decreases in root-specific hydraulic conductivity suggested high root vulnerability to embolism across all species. Although stem Ψ50 became more negative with decreasing species-specific Ψsoil and minimum stem Ψ, leaf Ψ50 was independent of Ψ and minimum leaf Ψ. Species with embolism-resistant stems also had higher maximum stem hydraulic conductivity. Safety margins for stems were >2.1 MPa, whereas those for leaves were negative or only slightly positive. Leaves acted as safety valves to protect the integrity of the upstream hydraulic pathway, whereas embolism in lateral roots may help to decouple portions of the plant from the impact of drier soil layers.


In the current decade, introducing water as a lubricant for tribo-engineering materials has become a concern for many researchers. In the present study, the wear and friction characteristics of a polyester (CGRP) composite reinforced with a chopped glass mat (CSM) 450 g/m2 was investigated under dry and wet conditions against a polished, stainless steel counterface. Two techniques known as Pin on Disc (POD) and Block on Ring (BOR) were used to perform the experimental tests. The tests were conducted on a newly developed machine that could carry out both techniques. The effects of the applied load (30, 50, 70, 100 N), sliding velocity (2.8 and 3.9 m/s), and test duration (5–30 min) on wear rates and the coefficients of friction were investigated. Under dry conditions, the temperature of the interface was measured with an infrared thermometer. Worn surface morphologies of the composite were observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and damage features were characterized. The results showed that the test technique and conditions had significant influences on the wear and friction performance of the CGRP composite. The presence of water as a lubricant enhanced the wear and friction characteristics of the composite as determined by both POD and BOR, and the SEM micrographs demonstrated several damage features under dry/wet conditions, e.g., deformation, as well as fiber peeling, cracking, and cutting.


The idea of having two second pathways In ofa , one mediated by cAMP aNd the other by bnosytol 1,4,5-trispbosphate, Is supported by evidence that both second meengers directly activate distinct ion chann in the outer denite o lobster o receptor neurons. Evidence that both types of second meenger-ated c s can occur in the sam patch of membrane s ess that annels of both types can be expressed in one neron. Evidence of more than one type of indtol pphate-ted channel in this highly spedalized region of the neuron furters the Idea that the output of individual olfactory receptor cells Is regulated through multiple effectors and allows that effector diversity may contribute to fucinal divert among olfato receptor cells.


Fire models are routinely used in life safety design projects and are being used more often in fire and arson investigations as well as reconstructions of firefighter line-of-duty deaths (LODDs) and injuries. In all of these applications, the fire heat release rate (HRR), location of a fire in a compartment, gas-phase soot concentration, and solid-phase soot accumulation are important parameters that govern the evolution of thermal conditions within the fire compartment. These input parameters can be a large source of uncertainty in fire models, especially in scenarios in which experimental data or detailed information on fire behavior are not available, such as fire investigations and LODD reconstructions. Various methods have been reported in literature to determine the size and location of a fire in a compartment using ceiling-mounted detectors [1–4]. A previous study by the authors developed an inverse fire modeling technique to determine the time-varying HRR of fire in a compartment using measured thermocouple data [5]. The work presented in this paper extends the inverse HRR methodology by developing a technique to determine the location of a fire using wall-mounted heat flux sensors or a surrogate such as degradation characteristics of enclosure boundaries that can be collected during post-fire assessments. Additionally, the presence of soot modifies the radiative transfer field in the hot gas layer (gas phase) as well as radiative heat transfer to surfaces (condensed phase). As a detailed history of compartment conditions becomes less available, there is a need for an inversion methodology to accurately recover governing input parameters such as fire size, fire location, and fire burning properties while maintaining an adequate level of accuracy. As an intermediate step using measured fire test data, we can begin to construct an approach to use rich data to invert for fire intensity, fire location, and fire properties such as the amount of soot produced by the fire.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This paper examines Nietzsche's idea of the superman and its religious implications, with a view to showing that despite Nietzsche's rejection of Christian religion and his attack on religious moral ideals, using his concept of the superman, Nietzsche fails in stripping humanity/man of his religious nature. Nietzsche's superman represents the highest principle of the development of humanity and the affirmation of man's full potentialities. He posits the superman as a critique on Christian religion and the crisis of modernity. This is because, according to him, the Christian morality stifles the development, freedom and creativity of humanity/man, as well as making him dependent on faith. Consequently, he advocates for the total rejection and abolition of the Christian moral ideals in order to make way for the freedom of humanity/man and consequently the emergence of super-humanity. Attempts are made to articulate Nietzsche's concept of the superman and to highlight its link with his entire philosophic system. This will be examined critically, in each segment of the paper, to show its implications for religion. The paper employs the method of historical hermeneutics and textual analysis/exposition. Keywords: superman, religion, morality, reevaluation of values, Christianity, nihilism and modernity. DOI : 10.7176/JPCR/45-03 Publication date :October 31 st 2019


We report the time-profile of the THz wave from GaAs-based photovoltaic devices depending on its structure. Bias dependence of the THz waveforms indicates that the picosecond drift current depends on the device structure even with the same depletion layer condition. This result is critical for the photovoltaic device characterization with the measurement of the THz radiation.


The microwave spectra of 12CF2=15N35Cl, 12CF2=15N37Cl, and 13CF2=14N35Cl have been recorded and analyzed. Rotational, quartic centrifugal distortion and quadrupole coupling constants were determined. The off-diagonal element of the chlorine quadrupole coupling tensor, χab, and the principal element of that tensor, χz, were obtained as 63.7 and −103.5 MHz, respectively, for 35Cl (average), and 51 and −82 MHz, respectively, for 37Cl in 12CF2=15N37Cl. During the analysis of the spectrum of the 13C species, it was necessary to diagonalize the complete exact Hamiltonian of the asymmetric rotor with two quadrupole nuclei because of irregular hyperfine patterns of some transitions caused by previously neglected matrix elements from the 14N quadrupole. Earlier data for the normal isotopic species were re-evaluated because neglected off-diagonal matrix elements of the Hamiltonian led to data for χab and χz inconsistent with the results obtained during this investigation. The rotational constants of all five isotop...


Received (30 January 2007)Revised (25 April 2007)We present cosmological perturbation theory in neutrino probe interacting dark-energymodels, and calculate cosmic microwave background anisotropies and matter power spec-trum. In these models, the evolution of the mass of neutrinos is determined by thequintessence scalar field, which is responsible for the cosmic acceleration today. We con-sider several types of scalar field potentials and put constraints on the coupling parameterbetween neutrinos and dark energy. Assuming the flatness of the universe, the constraintwe can derive from the current observation isPm


Slop disintegration erosion of the gully head walls with the pattern of cutting toppling process occurs commonly in sandshale areas in Guangdong province. This complex erosion including water and gravity erosions differing from that caused mainly by gravity in granitic areas.


Traditionally, scheduled controllers are obtained by interpolation of a bank of linear feedback gains. The strategy adopted here is quite different as the controller is directly designed in scheduled form. The key idea consists of designing the feedback gain in LFT (Linear Fractional Transformation) form, the system to be controlled being itself in LFT form. Using an observer-based scheduled feedback and the corresponding Q-parameterization, robust control design can be treated by alternating μ-analysis for worst case identification and multimodel control for simultaneous treatment of the worst cases.


Ardennite and sursassite have been found in the outcrop of the Hakuryu mine, Tokushima Prefecture, being a metamorphic manganese deposit of the Muramatsu type, and also as boulders in the Kamogawa river, Ehime Prefecture. They are embedded in piemontite bearing quartz schists in the Sanbagawa belt. The ardennite and the sursassite show two different occurrences. One is observed in layers of fine crystal aggregates, with quartz, spessartine, chlorite, piemontite and braunite, and the other is in veinlets cutting a quartz-braunite-piemontite ore. Both minerals associate with each other and sometimes show parallel intergrowths. The ardennite is yellowish brown or golden yellow and the sursassite is reddish brown in color. They are subhedral, or euhedral crystals up to 5 mm in length and are chemically heterogeneous. The ardennites are characterized either by high V or As contents, and also by high SiO2 content. The Hakuryu sursassite is rich in manganese in comparison with that of Kamogawa, and shows extensive substitution of Mn and Fe for Al, and of Ca for Mn.


Psychiatric disorders, such as primary sleep disturbances, depression, substance abuse, mania, sexually inappropriate behaviors, and psychosis, can complicate the care of patients with dementia.


The neutrino long wavelength (just-so) oscillation is reexamined as a solution to the solar neutrino problem. We consider the just-so scenario in various cases: in the framework of the solar models with a relaxed prediction of the boron neutrino flux, as well as in the presence of the nonstandard weak range interactions between neutrino and matter constituents. We show that the fit of the experimental data in the just-so scenario is not very good for any reasonable value of the {sup 8}B neutrino flux, but it substantially improves if the nonstandard {tau}-neutrino--electron interaction is included. These new interactions could also remove the conflict of the just-so picture with the shape of the SN 1987A neutrino spectrum. Special attention is devoted to the potential of the future real-time solar neutrino detectors such as Super-Kamiokande, SNO, and BOREXINO, which could provide the model-independent tests for the just-so scenario. In particular, these imply a specific deformation of the original solar neutrino energy spectra and time variation of the intermediate energy monochromatic neutrino ({sup 7}Be and pep) signals.


What does it feel like to be a bat? Searching for ways to investigate conscious emotion in non-human animals Walter Sánchez Suárez Advisor: University of Guelph, 2015 Professor Georgia Mason The capacity for conscious emotion is the crucial attribute for deserving moral consideration. Unfortunately, the impossibility of knowing what it is like to be another being from her own point of view – knowing "what it is like to be a bat", as Thomas Nagel famously put it – implies that we can only make inferences regarding whether she can experience conscious emotion. In humans we take advantage of verbal self-reports for coming up with strong inferences in this regard. In the absence of verbal reports, however, the tools we have for investigating which beings are capable of conscious emotion are less conclusive. In this work I examine the relationship between consciousness and emotion, the limitations of the tools we currently have for inferring primary conscious emotion in non-verbal beings, and propose promising new strategies for making progress with this task. The second part of this thesis provides evidence from verbal humans suggesting that at high levels of discrimination performance, the use of internal states as discriminative stimuli in an operant paradigm is highly likely to depend on conscious processing of this information. I therefore argue that this paradigm is a behavioural marker of states of conscious emotion in the absence of verbal self-reports, and thus, if emotional states are used as discriminative stimuli, a potential valid tool for coming up with stronger inferences when investigating conscious emotion in non-verbal animals.


Sensor fault diagnosis of HAGC system for strip rolling mill based on wavelet transform is presented.HAGC system is a servo system,so residual signal is acquired by using the servo relationship between sensor output and reference input.residual signal is analyzed using discrete wavelet multi-resolution.Fault sensitive feature is abstracted from high and low frequency of fault residual signal,by which sensor fault time,fault reason,fault degree can be diagnosed.Simulation research verifies that this method makes fault feature outstanding,make time domain position accurate and is effective for gradual fault as well as break fault.


The work is examined of a legally constituted regional planning agency (Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission) which was designed to provide the necessary areawide planning services of metropolitan areas. This case study presents background information on the form of organization selected to carry out the comprehensive, areawide planning function, describes the organization of the planning agency, discusses the basic concepts underlying the agency's approach to its work, describes some of it's major accomplishments to date, and identifies the strengths of the approach used. The reasonably effective intergovernmental approach adopted in Wisconsin, has led to a greater emphasis on the validity, accuracy and relevance of the data collected, and to the interjection of areawide citizen viewpoint into the making of decisions.


: Community based surveys of genitourinary tract infections are based upon self reports by the women. They have proven useful in assessing women's perceived problems and need for providing services, in understanding existing patterns of treatment -seeking behaviour and its impact on women's lives. A descriptive study was undertaken in a village Dhanas of U.T., Chandigarh to identify the health complaints and treatment seeking behaviour of females related to genitourinary tract infections. Interview schedule was used. Sample was selected through systematic random sampling. There were 956 females in reproductive age group, out of which 319 females were enrolled. Genitourinary complaints were present among 102(32.0%) females including vaginal discharge (58.8%), itching in pubic region (17.7%), lower abdominal pain (13.7%) and associated symptoms including lower back pain (25.5%) and nausea (0.9%). Urgency (36.3%) and frequency of urine (35.3%), burning (14.7%), pain (6.9%), nocturia (12.7%) were related to urinary tract complaints. Ninety percent females have not taken any treatment and those who have taken treatment went to dispensary. Subjects with vaginal discharge (13.3%), low back pain (15.4%), itching in pubic region (5.6%), lower abdominal pain (7.1 %) and pain (14.3%), burning (13.3%), frequency (2.8%) of micturation took treatment. The study reveals that this population is most vulnerable group who needs special attention regarding awareness of genitourinary morbidities, seeking treatment and compliance to treatment.


The integration of radar and communication has attracted general interest with its advantage of equipment miniaturizing and high efficiency of spectrum, especially in intelligent transportation systems because of the need for transmitting and detecting simultaneously and the lack of room for various devices. Among various integration schemes, the integrated waveform which realizes transmitting and detection at the same time is a real integration with high efficiency and no interference. In this paper, we proposed a modified three-section integrated waveform based on linear frequency modulation and continuous phase modulation (LFM-CPM). Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is used for time-frequency analysis and the modification of the mapping codebook of the communication symbols restrains the spectrum of the integrated waveform within the original bandwidth of the radar system. Simulation results show that the modified waveform holds good bit error rate (BER) performance even when there is strong interference beside the original bandwidth of the radar system, while the waveform without modification can hardly complete the transmission with high BER.


Material studies of thin films of porous anodized Al 2 O 3 have been undertaken to determined their applicability as sensing films for application on surface acoustic wave sensors. We describe the production of these films including their growth parameters and provide an analysis of their crystal morphology. These films were then exposed to various concentrations of analyte and their surface area determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller- type analysis. Finally, the surface area as a function of anodization potential is provided for the films.