Acquisition is not only one of the important components of the library,but also the foundation and core of the library.Some problems,such as quality decline of publishing,the funds shortage,the out-of-date acquisition mode,and the unreasonable knowledge structure of staff,do exist in academic libraries.Some effective measures should be taken to provide scientific and systemic resources service.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of collage on fine motoric abilities of group B children in Sunan Kalijaga RA Watuprapat Nguling Pasuruan 2018-2019 Academic Year. The method of this research is the experimental method type One - Pretest Group - Posttest Design, which is accompanied by hypothesis testing. The subjects of this study were 16 children of group B RA Sunan Kalijaga Watuprapat Nguling Pasuruan. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation guidelines with research instruments in the form of rating scales. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to determine the achievement of indicators Children's fine motor skills before and after being given treatment using collage games. Inferential analysis is used to test hypotheses using the T test in the SPSS 16 program namely the Independent Sample T-test. The results of data analysis obtained by tcount = -4,986 and ttable = 1,697, because tcount<- t table = -4,986 <-1,697 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This matter showed that the collage game influenced the fine motor skills of group B children in Sunan Kalijaga RA Watuprapat Nguling Pasuruan 2018-2019 Academic Year.


A tubular member of the type, primarily intended for utilization in a boiler, and having rifling, i.e., ribbing, provided on the internal surfaces thereof that is operable for purposes of effecting the disruption of the internal flow of the fluid passing therethrough. The ribbing with which the subject tubular member is provided embodies a configuration that is preselected so that the ribbing is operative to enable accurate and precise control to be exercised through the use thereof over the movement of the fluid flowing through the tubular member. Consideration is given to the following factors, among others, in establishing the design criteria that, in turn, determines the configuration that the ribbing embodies in a given tubular member; namely, the type of fluid; the fluid pressure; the fluid flow rate; the internal dimensions of the tubular member; the temperature gradient within the tubular member wall, both circumferentially and longitudinally, etc. The aforementioned design criteria includes parameters selected from variations possible in the angle which the ribbing bears to the lateral axis of the tubular member; variations possible in the spacing between individual ribs of the ribbing; whether the ribbing is continuous or noncontinuous; whether the ribbing is provided on only one side wall of the tubular member or on more than one side wall thereof; and the particular dimensions of the rib design in terms of the specific height, the specific width, the specific radii and the specific angles that each individual rib embodies.


Abstract:
Background: The ICU nursing role is to minimize the agitation and suffering experienced by mechanically ventilated sedated patients while facilitating effective and safe clinical care, seeking to optimize outcomes for service users and health systems. This can be achieved with bundled EBP interventions. One care bundle for those patients is the "Awakening and Breathing Coordination, Delirium Monitoring and Management, and Early Mobility" (ABCDEF) bundle. It deploys tailored, patient-centered pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for implementation in ward management and clinical practice. It seeks to shatter the paradigm of extended mechanical ventilation and associated sedation for ICU patients by guiding clinical decision-making and interventions algorithmically.
Method: Randomized controlled studies will be included for the present systematic review with adult and pediatric patients who have been managed using the Awakening and Breathing Coordination protocol compared to the routine care in the ICUs. The Cochrane Library (Wiley), MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases will be searched for articles published in English. The clinical outcomes of interest include successful weaning, incidence/prevalence of VAP, sedation level, and reduced stay in the ICU/hospital stay time. The reviewers will independently extract data with a standard form, recording observations concerning the reviewed studies' research design, population, clinical interventions and outcomes, and techniques of data collection and analysis. Their independent findings will then be compared to check for consistency, and in the event of contrasting findings or interpretations, a third-party research expert will arbitrate.
Results: The evidence from this review would particularly assist nursing decision-making on using spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials in combination for ventilated patients.
Conclusion: The results could drive evidence-based practice to improve the quality of care for mechanically ventilated sedated patients in ICUs by building on the safety and clinical effectiveness of Randomized controlled trials.
Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42022344884


Abstract To demonstrate the effect of body posture on the occupant dynamic response under a spacecraft high-level re-entry acceleration overload, seat-dummy system models with typical body positions, including supine and lying positions, are established in this study using Pro-E and HyperWorks software. A Human Model for Safety (HUMOS version II) dummy was used in the model. Seat-dummy system models were calibrated and validated according to actual centrifugal test data. The effect of body posture on the overload response of key body organs, including the heart, lung, diaphragm, liver, and abdominal viscera are demonstrated and analyzed under a high-level acceleration overload (a peak value of 6.4 g as input). Simulation results show that the displacement and deformation of the diaphragm are the most important factors affecting human tolerance to re-entry overload. The acting force of the diaphragm from other organs' inertial reaction in supine position is larger than that in the lying position. Therefore, spacecraft designers should focus more on the mechanical status of human internal organs and provide a body posture for better protection of the crew during spacecraft re-entry.


The utility model relates to a high pressure water down-hole hammer. The high pressure water down-hole hammer comprises an outer cylinder (1), an inner cylinder (2), a piston (3), a connector (4) and a drill (5). A check valve (6) and a water distribution seat (7) are arranged inside the inner cylinder (2), a first end (601) of the check valve (6) is arranged inside an installation cylinder (701) of the water distribution seat (7), a spring (8) is arranged between the first end (601) of the check valve (6) and the installation cylinder (701) of the water distribution seat (7), and a second end (602) of the check valve (6) is connected with a piston of the connector (4). The inner cylinder (2), the piston (3), the connector (4) and the drill (5) are provided with high pressure water pipelines (10) which are communicated. The high pressure water down-hole hammer is fast in rock drilling speed. Meanwhile, according to the high pressure water down-hole hammer, efficiency is improved greatly, pollution on environment is reduced greatly, and visuality of work environment is improved.


In Korea, the number of railroad accidents is decreasing, but the scale of railroad accidents tend to be growing large. On considering the opening of the high speed railway in 2004, the problem of railroad safety is very important. The purpose of this study is to make plans for improving railroad safety of Korea. To make this plan, we generally analyzed the future railway traffic, and reviewed annual statistics of railroad accidents trend and case studies of foreign railway accidents.


The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the occurrence of resistant strains of bacteria in sewage
and in the aquatic environment. This study has shown that there is no significant change in the proportion
of antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic sensitive salmonellas during sedimentation of sewage and hence these organisms
must have acquil·ed resistance during the initial use of the antibiotic and not during sewage treatment.
Primary sedimentation alone can remove more than 80% of the total salmonellas present in raw sewage but
negligible reductions will occur if the process is not optimised. The best way of controlling the release of antibiotic
resistant salmonellas into the environment is to control the prescription and use of antibiotics.


Reclamation of acid sulfate soils requires the use of lining materials. SWAN-gypsum (secondary waste acid neutralization gypsum), a waste from a sulfuric acid, titanium oxide refining process, contains {approximately}10% CaCO{sub 3}, as well as CaSO{sub 4}{center_dot}2 H{sub 2}O (gypsum) and Fe oxides. This material was tested via laboratory incubation studies in comparison to laboratory grade CaCO{sub 3} as a liming material for a silty clay material from a Typic Sulfaquept formed on dredged materials. A batch titration method (by shaking a set of soil samples amended with various levels of a potential liming material) was also tested. The ability of SWAN-gypsum to raise soil pH was comparable to its CaCO{sub 3} content. The CaCO{sub 3} occurs as unreacted aragonite that is Fe oxide coated as a result of the acid neutralization process that produces the waste. Gypsum and Fe oxides, also present in the waste, were shown to have little or no liming value with the soil material employed. Batch titration (open system, 24 h shaking) gave neutralization results similar to those from regular incubation for 45 d. The pH values achieved with increasing levels of SWAN-gypsum were lower with closed than with open systems at pH values above 6.6more » (by 0.1 to 0.45 pH units, presumbly due in part to differences in CO{sub 2} pressure), but higher with the closed system at lower pH values (by 0.2 to 2.3 pH units, perhaps due to oxidation of sulfides with the open system). At pHs below neutral following open batch titration, pHs measured before drying the materials, were higher than those measured after drying and rewetting by 0.2 to 1.5 pH units, whereas they were slightly lower before drying, by up to 0.2 pH units, at pHs above neutral. The methods reported for testing the liming value of this waste should have value in testing the liming value of other potential acid neutralizing materials. 16 refs., 9 figs.« less


Pit mud is one of the habitats for microbes in the fermentation.Microbial populations in different pit mud present different characteristics due to the difference in use age and environments.In this study,PCR-DGGE of V7-V8 regions of bacteria 16S rDNA and V3 region of methanogenic archaeal 16S rDNA was employed to analyze microbial communities features in different pit mud and to finish sequencing V7-V8 regions of some bacteria.The results showed that pit mud of different age and color would induce specific communities development of bacteria and methanogenic archaea.UPGAMA cluster analysis showed that the communities structure of black pit mud with its age of 50 years and of 150 years had the highest similarity.Sequencing analysis indicated that a part of gene sequences in DGGE showed similarity in a range of 82 %~99 % with that in gene database.And clostridium and the unidentified bacteria were dominant bacteria in these pit mud samples.


Wellington City Council has completed a NZ$7.5M foreshore development project located at Oriental Bay within Lambton Harbour, New Zealand. The project included the placement of 17,600 tomes of sand to form a 600 m long beach, construction of beach controls including submerged breakwater, headland controls, and an emerged breakwater as well as stormwater outfalls. This award wining development has received the coveted Supreme Award from the New Zealand Landscape Architects and the New Zealand Institute of Architects Award in Urban Design. This paper describes the numerical and physical modelling investigations that were undertaken to establish the initial hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes and then used to assist the design of the beach and control structures. The modelling investigation included monochromatic and spectral wave numerical modelling, numerical longshore sediment transport modelling and moveable bed physical testing.


Abstract The characteristics of soil seed banks in Agathis australis (kauri) forests of northern New Zealand are presented, and variations in seed bank composition are described in relation to stand age and distance from forest edges. A mean viable seed density of 1118±217/m2 was present under the kauri forest sites. While the seed bank contained both native (77%) and adventive species (23%), its composition was not closely related to that of the extant vegetation. The abundance of adventive and native herbaceous components of the seed bank declined as stand age increased, while that of native woody secondary species remained relatively constant. The abundance of adventive species also declined significantly with increasing distance from forest edges.


In the digital transformation era, the Internet is rapidly evolving, as represented by the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence. Accordingly, information security incidents are increasing and diversifying. An example of this diversification is the emergence of internal fraud in telework and other scenarios. As a countermeasure, the software-defined perimeter (SDP), a zero-trust model, is attracting attention. SDP ensures that users are always secure by authenticating and authorizing them each time a service is provided. SDP is expected to be integrated with the IoT in order to expand its application. However, it is difficult to ensure the security of the IoT itself due to the lack of resources, such as CPU power and storage. Therefore, when embedding IoT devices into SDP, the main issue is how to ensure the reliability of the IoT itself, but this has not been sufficiently studied. In this article, we propose a method to compensate for the lack of IoT resources so that it can be securely embedded into SDP. We investigated several federation methods and found through qualitative evaluation that the identity provider is the most effective and can efficiently achieve authentication and authorization in SDP.


The aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeat botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) injections in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) on the basis of a best evidence synthesis.


This paper addresses the time-intensive task of assigning accurate account labels to invoice entries within corporate bookkeeping. Despite the advent of electronic invoicing, many software solutions still rely on rule-based approaches that fail to address the multifaceted nature of this challenge. While machine learning holds promise for such repetitive tasks, the presence of low-quality training data often poses a hurdle. Frequently, labels pertain to invoice rows at a group level rather than an individual level, leading to the exclusion of numerous records during preprocessing. To enhance the efficiency of an invoice entry classifier within a semi-supervised context, this study proposes an innovative approach that combines the classifier with the A* graph search algorithm. Through experimentation across various classifiers, the results consistently demonstrated a noteworthy increase in accuracy, ranging between 1% and 4%. This improvement is primarily attributed to a marked reduction in the discard rate of data, which decreased from 39% to 14%. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting a method that leverages the synergy of a classifier and A* graph search to overcome challenges posed by limited and group-level label information in the realm of electronic invoicing classification.


Abstract This paper presents the measurement and a statistical analysis of the resultant force system, consisting of an axial force and torque, in BTA deep hole machining. The measurements were performed using a specially designed two-component piezoelectric dynamometer and adopting the rotating cutting tool-stationary workpiece procedure. The dynamometer was calibrated for static and dynamic outputs and techniques were employed for increasing the measuring accuracy and reducing the cross-interference by obtaining the elements of the system transfer function. Experiments were carried out to measure the mean values and the dynamic fluctuations of the axial force and torque. The recorded data was processed and analysed to establish all major statistical properties of the axial force and torque. Results show that the dynamic fluctuations of the axial force and torque in BTA deep hole machining can be represented by a stationary wideband process with a gaussian density distribution function. Such a mathematic...


In this paper, a novel hybrid technique for radiation pattern computation of an Axially Displaced Ellipse (ADE) is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed technique employs the combination of HFSS and Physical Optics (PO). As a result, a highly accurate radiation pattern has been obtained using our method. Because computation time and memory usage of this technique are much less than that of other full-wave analyses, the proposed method can be applied to a large aperture reflector antenna analysis.


When you have cancer, constipation is more likely to occur because of the cancer itself or as a side effect of treatment. If you have constipation, your doctor or nurse can help you to treat it and prevent it in the future.


Both HK1 and HK2 deal with experiments in which the planned analysis is based on a linear model. Selecting designs for such experiments remains a critically important problem. However, there are many problems for which a linear model may not be a great choice. For example, if the response is a binary variable or a count variable rather than a continuous measurement, a linear model may be quite inappropriate. Experiments with such response variables are quite common. For example, in an experiment to compare different dosages of a drug, the outcome may be success (the dosage worked for a particular patient) or failure (it did not work). A design would consist of selecting the different dosages to be used in the experiment and the number of patients to be assigned to the selected dosages. How can one identify a good design for such a problem in which a linear model for the binary response is simply inadequate? Another feature of the example in the previous paragraph is that the purpose of the experiment is not to compare different treatments, but to understand the relationship between the response and the dosage of the drug. Most of the chapters in HK1 and HK2 are devoted to comparative experiments in which various treatments are to be compared to each other. Typically, each treatment is associated with a treatment effect, and the


Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a highly effective imaging technique used for live and fixed samples, particularly for high-resolution mapping of large cleared intact organs. However, existing high-performance LSFM implementations are often prohibitively expensive and lack scalability needed for high-throughput applications. Here, we introduce a low-cost and scalable framework, called projected Light Sheet Microscopy (pLSM), which repurposes readily available off-the-shelf consumer-grade components, incorporates optimized optical paths and employs an over-the-network control architecture to achieve high-resolution imaging of large samples. We comprehensively characterize the pLSM framework and demonstrate its capabilities in high-resolution, multi-color imaging of intact mouse brains and post-mortem human brain samples cleared using various methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of pLSM-generated data for comprehensive phenotyping of the entire brain by mapping the distribution of dopaminergic neurons and microvasculature architecture throughout the brain. The pLSM framework has the potential to further democratize LSFM and facilitate greater scalable access to high-resolution light sheet microscopy.


Within a geographic information systems environment, we combine field measures of mangrove tree diameter, mangrove species distribution, and mangrove tree density with remotely sensed measures of mangrove location and mangrove canopy cover to estimate the mangrove carbon holdings of northern Ecuador. We find that the four northern estuaries of Ecuador contain approximately 7,742,999 t (±15.47 percent) of standing carbon. Of particularly high carbon holdings are the Rhizophora mangle–dominated mangrove stands found in and around the Cayapas-Mataje Ecological Reserve in northern Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, and certain stands of Rhizophora mangle in and around the Isla Corazón y Fragata Wildlife Refuge in central Manabí Province, Ecuador. Our field-driven mangrove carbon estimate is higher than all but one of the comparison models evaluated. We find that basic latitudinal mangrove carbon models performed at least as well, if not better, than the more complex species-based allometric models in predicting standing carbon levels. In addition, we find that improved results occur when multiple models are combined as opposed to relying on any one single model for mangrove carbon estimates. The high level of carbon contained in these mangrove forests, combined with the future atmospheric carbon sequestration potential they offer, makes it a necessity that they are included in any future payment for ecosystem services strategy aimed at using forest systems to offset CO2 emissions and mitigate predicted CO2-driven temperature increases.


The invention discloses a self-charging electromagnetic retarder which comprises a self-powered electromagnetic-retarder unit and an electromagnetic-retarder unit. The self-powered electromagnetic-retarder unit is provided with the following: a main retarder body comprising a stator yoke (9), electromagnetic coils (L1-L12), and a steel rotor (10); a control device (5); and a high-rotational-speed-region drive device (7) containing transistors (T1-T3). Together with capacitors (C1-C12), the electromagnetic coils for each of a number of phases form a resonant circuit, and each transistor is inserted in series with the multi-phase wiring for the electromagnetic coils. The electromagnetic-retarder unit is provided with the following: a charging/electricity-storing unit (13) that is charged by the self-powered electromagnetic retarder; a reverse-current prevention diode (D1); and a low-rotational-speed-region drive device (16) containing transistors (T4-T6) for the abovementioned low-rotational-speed region. Each of the transistors for the low-rotational-speed region is inserted in series with the respective multi-phase wiring via the charging/electricity-storing unit and the reverse-current prevention diode. Said self-charging electromagnetic retarder functions as an electromagnetic retarder in a low-rotational-speed region in which generated power is insufficient and functions as a self-powered retarder in a high-rotational-speed region.


Historical study of Korean traditional houses have been carried, mainly, based on the geographical region of Korean peninsula. However, the case of...


Mycobacterial Surveillance System (NMSS) contains limited information on mortality of notified cases,' the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) remains the primary source of data relating to tuberculosis mortality. In 1995, the ABS reported 28 deaths from tuberculosis of a specified site (ICD-9 codes 010.0-018.9), and 43 deaths from the late effects of tuberculosis (ICD9 codes 137.0-137.4).' The latter categories are the most likely source of misclassification, and a cross-matching exercise between the NMSS and death registries may help clarify the extent of early mortality from active tuberculosis. Possible explanations for the increase in mortality from septicaemia include increased classification of mortality from other underlying diseases as being the result of septicaemia (facilitated by more widespread use of bacterial blood culture), or an increase in those susceptible to disseminated bacterial sepsis such as immunosuppressed and chronic disease patient populations. Even if an estimated 300-600 deaths from intravenous catheter-associated bacteraemia occur annually in Australia," many will be in patients with other lifethreatening diseases, which are likely to be recorded as the underlying cause of death.


Situations of efficiently treating environmental pollutants in Ningxia Western PVC Co.,Ltd.were discussed,and other advanced treating measures were proposed.It was emphasized that environmental protection management must be strengthened,and thus the economic benefits and social benefits of enterprise were improved gradually.


Background The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of immune-mediated systemic conditions characterized by chronic muscle inflammation, resulting in muscle weakness (1). Objectives To characterize the disease in a Colombian cohort with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, assessing differences in its classification, cutaneous and systemic manifestations, laboratory results, and therapeutic approach, according to the type of myopathy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 112 patients, in whom sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics were analyzed based on the type of myopathy. Statistical association was examined by means of Chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression analyses. Results From the 112 patients recruited, 59 had polymyositis (PM) and 53 had dermatomyositis (DM). The patients were classified with Peter & Bohan criteria as: "definite" diagnosis 67 (60%), "probable" 35 (31%) and "possible" 9 (10%). A high proportion of males were found in this cohort. Our most notable findings are listed in Table 1, noticing for this population a high rate of polyautoimmunity associated to PM (OR 3.81 95%IC 1,003–14,53) and an association between ANAs antibodies positivity and DM (OR 7.03 95%IC 2,16–22,9). Patients with PM presented higher values of CK, LD and transaminases. Also, according to the therapeutic approach, PM was positively associated with the use of azathioprine and immunoglobulins (OR 2,59 95%IC 1,18–5,69 and OR 3,21 95%IC 1,19–8,19, respectively), while chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were mainly used in DM patients.Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Colombian patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy Polymyositis Dermatomyositis p-value N=59 N=53 N % N % Female 41 69,5 35 66 0,69 Age (mean) 54,3 49,4 0,09 Clinical characteristics  Symmetrical muscle weakness 59 100 51 96,2 0,13  Gottron's papules 0 – 49 92,4 <0.0001  Heliotrope rash 0 – 35 66 <0.0001  Shawl sign/ V sign 0 – 29 54,7 <0.0001  Polyautoimmunity 11 18,6 3 5,6 0,03 Muscle enzymes in serum  CK (median) 3825 1012 0,006  LD (median) 554 433 0,003  ALT (median) 87 46,3 0,01  AST (median) 72 38 0,005  Aldolase 8 13,5 5 9,4 0,43 Autoantibodies  ANA (+) 27 45,7 38 71,7 0,0006  Anti-Jo1 (+) 2 3,4 2 3,8 0,74 EMG  Myophatic changes 41 69,5 27 50,9 0,34 Biopsy-proven myopathy  Positive 30 50,8 16 30,2 0,7 SES, socioeconomic status; CK, creatine phosphokinase; LD, lactate dehydrogenase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; EMG, electromyogram. Conclusions In this Colombian sample, a high proportion of patients were classified as definite diagnosis, high frequency of male-gender compromise, low association with cancer, and low prevalence of articular, pulmonary and cardiac involvements were found. References Rosa J, Garrot LF, Navarta DA, Saucedo C, Scolnik M, Bedran Z, et al. Incidence and prevalence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in a health management organization in Buenos Aires. J Clin Rheumatol. 2013;19(6):303–7. Disclosure of Interest None declared


This paper analyzes the problems existing in management of standby material of turnout,and probes into the basic strategies of optimizing the management of standby material of turnout from adjusting rationally the warehouse setting,optimizing the reserve structure,strengthening the planning quota management,strengthening the cost concept and improving the service level.


Tilapia is one of the fresh water fish, and one of commodites that was cultivated by OKU Selatan specialy Ranau lake. Around the Ranau lake, tilapia usually was processed to grilled tilapia fish, turmeric seasoning, pindang Palembang and fried fish. The tilapia products had off-falvour so OKU Selatan athete ate other food like fried rice, fried chicken and tempeh, soto, instan noodles and etc. The aims for this research was to identified preference of OKU Selatan athlete to tilapia product, and analyzied flavor preference of OKU Selatan athlete based on five senses and cooking method. The data was calculated by C-Sat (Customer Satisfication). The results showed that the highest preference of OKU Selatan athelete to tilapia product at grilled tilapia such as 6.4 point and the lowest preference at Pindang such as 4.8 point. The highest preference of OKU Selatan to sensation taste at umami such as 9.9 point and the lowest at the bitter taste such as 1.5 point. The highest prefence of OKU Selatan to tilapia taste due processing at fried tilapia processed such as 9.8 point and the lowest at boiled tilapia processed such as 5.2 point. Athelete of OKU Selatan most prefer to tilapia that has umami sensation by fryied processed. Keywords : flavor, OKU Selatan athlete, tilapia product, C-Sat


We present an analysis of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for a three dimensional vacuous bubble in water. In the simplest case when the effects of surface tension are neglected, the known parametric solutions for the radius and time evolution of the bubble in terms of a hypergeometric function are briefly reviewed. By including the surface tension, we show the connection between the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and Abel's equation, and obtain the parametric rational Weierstrass periodic solutions following the Abel route. In the same Abel approach, we also provide a discussion of the nonintegrable case of nonzero viscosity for which we perform a numerical integration.


The genus Pleorchis Railliet, 1896 is designated to rare digenetic distomes living as parasite in the intestine of marine fishes, having numerous testes arranged in four longitudinal rows in hindbody. A total of 14 species have been attributed to the genus, while another 4 species are no longer considered the member of Pleorchis. In this study a new form is described and we critically overviewed the genus. Collection of two ovigerous specimens was recovered live at Deegha, West Bengal, India (Indian Ocean) from the intestine of a marine fish, Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider) out of 40 examined. The present form differs from all nominal species of the Pleorchis in having 48 testes, unequal anterior intestinal caeca, vitellaria extending from a little anterior of ovary up to hind end of body and an entire unlobed ovary. In view of unique morphoanatomical characters it seems that the present form deserves the status of a new species with a specific name Pleorchis srivastavai n. sp. All known species of genus seems to be rare digeneans as evident by their respective studies and these are important link of marine ecosystem.


Background:  Central venous cannulation, although challenging in children and prone to complications, is frequently required for total parenteral nutrition and infusion of drugs.


Agriculture is an activity to manage biological natural resources with the help of technology and labor. The presence of diseases in plants that suddenly inhibit plant growth is alarming to farmers. So, farmers cannot determine what conditions these plants suffer. This study will discuss the implementation of Artificial Intelligence-based plant disease detection software. At this stage, deep learning models are created using cameras matched with objects. The application development is to detect diseases in plants. The fourth step is testing. This application includes the implementation of Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network, which provides Artificial Intelligence architecture to diagnose plant diseases, and offer solutions to those plants from the results of research with tomato plant sample tests obtained four categories of disease Early Blight disease with a prediction of 100%, Bacterial Spots 90%, Healthy 100%, Late Blight 100% a system that can recommend health care related to crops based on images so that it can help farmers identify types of plant diseases. This application can help farmers to reduce crop failure for farmers caused by plant diseases to improve the quality of agricultural and plantation products


This work introduces a simple method and implementation algorithm for quick-change detection based on process measurements, adaptive modelling and identification, which will be called model-based quick-change detection (M-QCD). The idea of the method is to select a proper model for process identification purposes, and to continuously estimate the parameters of this model. A change in process implies a change in the set of parameters, which is detected using a criterion based on gradient and energy of the previous values of the criterion. The results are compared to those given by an off-line classical algorithm used in change detection area, based on variance. Computer simulations show better results for the proposed method and confirm that - some times - simple methods and algorithms, free of constraints, can work at the same performance level with change detection complex algorithms, which use advanced processing and optimization.


This is a beautiful paper that tells a moving and gripping story of how two people come together to create a mutually vitalizing therapeutic process. And it is a story of courage, mutually facilitated by the two protagonists: Anne's courage in relaxing her lifelong defenses of toughness and laying her needs and vulnerabilities on the table, and Karen's courage to trust her therapeutic instincts by meeting Anne toe to toe by not only challenging Anne's' defenses but by putting her own vulnerability onto the therapeutic stage.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of small incision exploratory laparotomy in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis. Methods Sixteen cases of small incision exploratory laparotomy of tuberculous peritonitis were reviewed from 1988 to 2002. Results Sixteen cases of 55 cases of tuberculous peritonitis was diagnosed by small incision exploratory laparotomy, accouting for 29.09% . Conclusion Small incision exploratory laparotomy can confirm diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis and explore abdominal cavity to find other diseases.


This review highlights the most important research data related to membrane potential and current changes in cardiomyocytes during hypotonic stress. Relative decrease in osmolarity in extracellular compartment (due to accumulation of metabolic products in the cells) during acute episodes of ischemia in the heart muscle leads to cell swelling caused by water entering the cells. Such condition starts regulatory volume decrease (RDV) in cardiomyocytes--a process involving activation of various ion channels. It seems to be the crucial proarrhythmic mechanism in ischemic heart, probably very often responsible for sudden cardiac death. Understanding of electrophysiological changes during hypotonic stress of cardiomyocytes is a basis for appropriate pharmacological intervention preventing serious arrhythmias. For instance, outwardly rectifying swelling-induced chloride currents (IClswell), inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current (INSC) and slow component of delayed rectifier K+ currents (IKs) are activated during hypotonic stress in ventricular myocytes and substances like anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC), chromanol (293B) and gadolinium (Gd3+), able to modulate former channels, should be considered to be potential antiarrhythmic drugs in the near future.


We study graph theory. The graphs we consider in the thesis consist of a finite vertex set and a finite edge set, and each edge joins an unordered pair of (not necessarily distinct) vertices. In a graph, a round trip which visits a subset of the vertices once, is called a cycle. If such a round trip passes through every vertex of the graph precisely once, we call it a Hamilton cycle. The Hamilton problem, which is the problem of determining whether a Hamilton cycle exists in a given graph has been proved to be NP-complete. So most researchers are focussing on establishing sufficient conditions, i.e., conditions on the graph that guarantee the existence of a Hamilton cycle. In this thesis, we focus on giving sufficient conditions for hamiltonian properties of a graph in terms of structural or algebraic parameters. Besides the Hamilton cycle, we also consider traceability. It requires that there exists a Hamilton path in the graph, i.e., a path through the vertices and edges of the graph that visits all the vertices exactly once (and does not return to the starting vertex). We say a graph is traceable if it contains a Hamilton path, and traceable from a vertex x if it contains a Hamilton x-path, i.e., a Hamilton path starting at vertex x. So, the next hamiltonian property we deal with is that the graph is traceable from every arbitrary vertex. The last hamiltonian property we take into account is Hamilton-connectivity, which requires that any two distinct vertices can be connected by a Hamilton path. The results in this thesis mainly involve degree conditions, spectral conditions, and Wiener index and Harary index conditions for traceability, hamiltonicity or Hamilton-connectivity of graphs. All of our results involve the characterization of the exceptional graphs, i.e., all the nonhamiltonian graphs that satisfy the condition. Our contributions extend existing results.


In the underground space development of residential areas, outdoor thermal environments at the pedestrian level greatly depend on the ground greening configuration, which is in turn affected by the overburden thickness of the underground space (OTUS). However, few studies have considered the effects of OTUS on the ground greening configuration and the further effects of the ground greening configuration on the outdoor thermal environment. This study aimed to provide insights into the design of OTUS for improving outdoor thermal environments. Two residential areas with row and enclosed layouts in Nanjing, China, were numerically studied using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software ENVI-met. Outdoor thermal environments in the two residential areas, which had the same greening coverage rate, were simulated under different OTUSs and ground green configurations. The results indicate that to create a comfortable outdoor thermal environment, the OTUS should be designed to satisfy the requirement for planting small trees. If this requirement cannot be adequately satisfied, individuals can also set up tree wells or add soil on top of underground structures to plant small trees, and establish an OTUS that can satisfy the requirement of planting large shrubs in other areas.


This study aimed at examining the use of collaborative tools and activities in producing e-portfolios for creative teaching skills of pre-service business education teachers. A list of creative teaching skills was prepared. This list included three main skills: creative planning, creative implementation, and creative evaluation of teaching. To train pre-service business education teachers to produce e-portfolios for creative teaching, an instructional module was developed based on the principles of writing interactive materials. A sample of 75 pre-service business education teachers was selected to quantify the effect of e-collaboration in producing e-portfolios. The participants were assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group used Google Drive tools in producing their e-portfolios collaboratively. The second experimental group used Google Drive tools in producing their e-portfolios individually. The third group did not produce any portfolio. Study results indicated that collaboration had a significant effect in producing e-portfolios for creative teaching.


The ethanol 70% extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria S. aureus and S. mutans in a concentration of 1.0-5.0% (w/v), while B. cereus in a concentration of 2.0-5.0% (w/v). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol 70% extract toward S. aureus and S. mutans were 0.1% (w/v), while against B. cereus it showed 2.0% (w/v). Phytochemistry analysis of ethanol 70% extract consists of alkaloid, quinone, and terpenoids. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis showed five spots, the third spot effectively inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans type F (MUI) and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 and contain terpenoids. Analysis UV-Vis and Infra Red spectrophotometry showed that it contains phenolic group at absorbance 275.2 nm and have hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C-O) functional groups. The result of GC-MS indicated that the extract which contains one compound is xanthorrhizol m/z 218. Index term: antimicrobial; Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.; GC-MS; TLC; UV-Vis and infra-red


Livestock wastes are considered as major environmental pollutants because they contain high concentration of organic materials. In 2001, The Environmental Department reported that stock farmers were increasing as 5.1%/year, which resulted in a gradual increase in livestock wastes generation. The direct disposal of livestock wastes create several environmental problems. Thus, several countries banned the disposal of livestock wastes in environment including aquatic systems. Recently, aeration-based liquid fertilization was considered as potential way for the disposal of livestock wastes. In this study, next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was used to understand the microbial community changes during liquid fertilization of livestock wastes. Microbial community was compared with liquid fertilizer physicochemical analysis such as BOD?, COD Mn , pH, N (Nitrogen), P (Phosphorus), K (Potassium) etc. The physicochemical parameters and bacterial community results pave the way for producing effective livestock-based fertilizer. By comparing the physical characteristics of the manure with microbial community changes, it is possible to optimize the conditions for producing effective fertilizer.


We present an electron diffraction study of extremely small clusters of argon atoms formed by homogeneous nucleation in an expansion nozzle system. The clusters, in general comprising less than 1000 atoms, yielded good quality Debye‐Scherrer patterns under conditions essentially free from all substrate interactions. The high precision of the diffraction patterns, even at large angles, makes it possible to assign an effective fcc structure to the particles. However, an anomalously large 111 peak is observed consistently and may be interpreted as resulting from vestiges of noncrystalline structure exhibited by the aggregates in the early stages of their growth.


The article presents the results of the study of the ratio of surfactant phospholipids in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis and discusses the possibility of their use to predict the effectiveness of treatment. Fit argues that rates of lung surfactant phospholipids phosphatidilcholin/ cardiolipin (PC/CL) and phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin (PC/SPM) reflect the dynamics of metabolic processes in different ways. Lymphostimulation at lymphotropic therapy changes the character of metabolism and production of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids minor fractions. Coefficient of PC/CL refl ects the state of surfactant system of the lungs more accurately. Slow resorption infiltrative component should also be regarded as surfactant dependent complications in infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Coeffi cients of PC/CL and PC/SPM can be used as prognostic criteria for pulmonary tuberculosis. The value of the coeffi cient PC/ CL below 0.5 predicts adverse outcomes. The patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis require a correction of the metabolism of pulmonary surfactant. Due to facilitating detoxication and lymphatic drainage of the lung region lymphotropic chemotherapy has surfactant protective eff ect.


surgeons who operated, in a private capacity, upon, paying patients; the same surgeon, however, before operating upon a hospital patient usually found it necessary to obtain the consent of the superintendent of the hospital. This consent was often withheld, partly for fear of alienating Roman Catholic subscribers to the hospital, and partly because, in view of the already long waiting list, many hospitals hesitated to incur the smallest legal risk. Such discrimination between rich and poor was unfair, and it constituted a good argument for regularizing the position for people of all classes bv Act of Parliament.In the matter of safeguards, said Dr. Blacker, a course had to be steered between two opposing camps of critics, and, in his opinion, the recommendations of the Brock Committee constituted a happy via media. Some safeguards, he thought, were necessary. It was to be remembered that vasectomy was a simple operation, capable of being performed under a local anaesthetic; it took but a few miinutes, and necessitated at most a day's absence from work, yet it produced irreparable and irreversible effects. Every new law was exposed to certain criticisms and objections. Dr. Blacker was far from denying that a voluntary sterilization law along the lines of the recommendations of the Brock Committee was exempt from these, but in deciding whether to oppose or to support it the question we had to ask ourselves was: " On balance did the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?"' and he believed that in this instance the answer was " Yes."


It is recognised that research in paediatric palliative and complex care is in the
early stages.
Chapter One examines the available literature of fathering a child with a chronic,
life threatening or life limiting illness. The research reviewed supports the notion
that fathers are under-represented in paediatric palliative and complex care. The
findings highlight that men express their vulnerability in gender specific ways,
which has implications for support and service provision. Particular gaps in the
research on fathers are highlighted, in relation to the long term impact of
fathering a child with life limiting, life threatening, or chronic condition, fathers'
needs in the marital dyad, and studies on the efficacy of father focused
interventions.
Chapter Two explores health professionals' experiences of managing boundaries,
in the context of paediatric complex and palliative care in the community. The
findings indicate that there are a number of issues relating to boundaries that
require balancing and which have an impact on service provision and
professional wellbeing.
Chapter Three is a reflection on the research journey, particularly developing the
boundary discussion with regard to ethics. This includes reflections on research
in paediatric palliative care, the boundaries of this research, overlaps with
clinical practice, and personal and professional learning.


To gain insight into the factors regulating an inflammatory response in vivo, the activities of peritoneal macrophages and the influence of the inflammatory fluids from which they were harvested were studied in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (GAPD) patients with peritonitis. Specifically, the production of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α), interleukin‐lβ (EL‐lβ), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by lipopolysaccharide‐stimu‐ lated human peritoneal macrophages from GAPD patients with peritonitis was examined in the presence of the inflammatory dialysates from which they were isolated. When tested at a dilution of 20%, the dialysates inhibited production of TNF‐α, a key monokine in the orchestration of the inflammatory response. In contrast to the effect on TNF‐α, the dialysates did not affect IL‐Iβ production by stimulated macrophages. The activity inhibitory for TNF‐α synthesis was not fully characterized, but a number of known inhibitors were shown not to be responsible for the suppressive activity. The inhibitory activity was detected in cases of noninfective peritonitis and excluded the possibility that a bacterial product was responsible. Hyperosmolality, pH, protein levels, glucose, uremic molecules, cortisol, heparin, and antibiotics were not responsible for the inhibitory activity. The activity had some similarity to the reported actions of α‐globulins (which are acute phase proteins), PGE2, TNF‐α soluble receptors, and EL‐6, but there was no evidence for their involvement. Whether the selective suppression of TNF‐α production is a general finding in inflammatory responses will require additional studies. This study nevertheless illustrates the potential for the host to regulate tightly the development of an excessive inflammatory response and thus to limit tissue pathology. However, it is unknown whether an appropriate host defense is compromised.


C-Homoerysodienone (12) was synthesised by the unambiguous route (26)→(27)→(28)→(30)→(32)→(12) with a high-yielding oxidative phenolic coupling as the key step. The intermediate (27) was also converted via a reductive fragmentation into the dibenzazecine (9), oxidation of which gave a dienone different from (12), clearly having the 5;7-fused structure (10). A report of the synthesis of (10) by a different route is thus confirmed, and efficient routes are available to the phenols (9) and (10), likely biosynthetic precursors of the Schelhammera alkaloids.An alternative cycloaddition approach to the dienone (12) was abandoned when (19) and (25) failed to give Diels–Alder adducts with the oxygenated dienones (20) and (21).


Let A be a polynomial ring over a field and M a simple A-module. We generalize one result of Song about the description of the injective envelope (M) in terms of modules of generalized fractions.


Distributed computing is a computer science. It mainly studies how to divide the problem needed a huge computing power into many small parts. After that,these parts are assigned to many different computers for processing. In the end,these calculations are got together to be the final result. This paper also analysis and compares the working principle of distributed computing technology and several typical distributed computing technologies such as middleware technologies,grid technology,mobile Agent technology,P2P technology,and Web Service technologies. It introduces the storage integrated in the application of distributed computing technology and pointes out some problems of its existence.


S OF COMMUNICATIONS A Scientific Meeting was held at the University of Dundee, on Tuesday-Wednesday, 213 April 1996, when the following papers were presented. All abstracts are prepared as camera-ready material by the authors. 234A ABSTRACTS O F COMMUNICATIONS 1996 Importance of the colon as a source of circulating glucagon-like peptide 1. By M. DENISE ROBERTSON '. G. LIWSEY2, LINDA M. MORGAN'. SHELAGH HAMPTON3 and J.C. MATHE RS I , 'Hirrnati Nirtritioti Research Cetitre, Departmetit of Biological arid Nutritional Sciences, University of N e ~ ~ ~ t ~ s t l e upon Tytie NLI 7Rll, Itrstitiite of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Nonvich Research Park. Coltrey, Norwich NR4 7UA and ' School of Bioiogicai Sciences, University of Surrey, Grrildford G1J2 5XH. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) produced from proglucagon in the distal intestine enhances postprandial insulin secretion and may inhibit gastric acid secretion. Since human colonic tissue is capable of synthesizing hl ly processed, biologically active GLP-1 (Deacon et al. 1995), the absence of a hnctioning colon in those with ileostomies may result in altered gluco-regulatory responses to meals This hypothesis was tested by comparing postprandial plasma concentrations of GLP1 in six healthy male ileostomists and six control male subjects each of whom consumed a test meal containing SO g peas (Pisiirn satrvurn) after an overnight fast. Two further carbohydrate-free meals were provided 2 and 6 h later.


Summary The techniques investigated for establishment of Pinus radiata plantations on soils near Neerim East, Victoria, deficient in phosphorus and subject to seasonal water-logging, included three methods of site preparation (disc ploughing, deep ripping and a combination of the two) in the presence and absence of localised applications of superphosphate. Four sites with contrasting native vegetation were examined, but characteristics of the dominant vegetation proved to be poor indicators of site potential for early growth of P. radiata following the cultivation and fertiliser application. A localised application of superphosphate was found to be essential for. satisfactory survival and early volume growth. Limitations of such an application are discussed. The early growth of fertilised trees on sites receiving the combination of ripping plus ploughing was considerably greater than that obtained from either ripping alone or ploughing alone. Insufficient cost/benefit data were available to determine whet...


A large number of applications require mining high rate data streams. An important challenge in dealing with such data intensive applications is fast data change rate that requires improved analysis, new algorithms, tools and techniques. Our purpose for this work is to examine how to integrate collecting data streams from multiple sensors in order to discover new patterns and minimize the number of incorrect alarms. We present a framework for mining patterns from data streams and discuss practical applications.


The objective of this paper is to identify links which are important from the Critical Infrastructure vulnerability point of view. There are briefly described and compared different procedures for the identification and designation of critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. Critical Infrastructure is currently looking for its contents, structure, purpose, and political context. Suitable criteria for its identification and the assessment of potential risks are looked for and some of the first attempts of simulation and the creation of a model for a "System of Systems" are appearing. The practicism of the crisis management is being moved into the sphere of the "science of safety".


Constant risk to the confidentiality, integrity and the availability of information in our everyday lives and work has increased the need for responsible use and handling of information. Security education is becoming an integral part of any undergraduate curriculum in computer science and information systems. The evolving role of security in this digital era makes it nontrivial to decide the appropriate topics that need to be covered during the course duration in a way that all aspects of security deployment are examined. The only approach to this challenge is to use student-oriented learning strategies to encourage the students not only to recognize relationships between concepts and comprehend the underlying structure of what is being learned but also expose them to methods where they are responsible for their own independent learning. The current study examines the experiences gained in COMP-431 Computer Security, a senior-level undergraduate computer security course using such methods, with an emphasis on the students' reactions, perceptions, and experiences as well as the educator's role in the teaching and learning process.


Like all of the participants in this symposium, I am very pleased to contribute to a scientific gathering that honors Carl W. Gottschalk—esteemed colleague, superb scientist, good friend, and admirable human being. Carl contributed importantly to our knowledge in several areas of renal function; today, however, I will limit myself to the topic in which he made perhaps his major contribution, namely, the countercurrent mechanism by which urine is rendered hypertonic to plasma. In preparing this review, I was acutely aware of Carl's love for history and his insistence on historical accuracy. His remarkable, beloved collection of books on the kidney, which he bequeathed to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is probably the best compilation of its kind. And it was no coincidence that Carl served as archivist of the International Society of Nephrology, that he chaired its Commission on the History of Nephrology, and that he authored a number of chapters and articles about its history. As just one example: In 1993, Carl participated in a conference on the History of Nephrology, held in Naples, Italy, where he spoke on "Alexander Schumlansky's De structura renum" (1). Schumlansky had described (albeit incompletely) the connection between the Malpighian glandulae (glomeruli) and the uriniferous tubules some 59 years before the publication of William Bowman's brilliant and definitive description. Carl always took great care to acknowledge the contributions of others, and I am eager to do likewise. Several works have helped me; in particular, that fascinating bookRenal Physiology. People and Ideas , which was coedited by Carl—especially the chapter by Erich Windhager on the history of micropuncture and microperfusion (2) and that by Robert Berliner on the formation of concentrated urine (3); and, of course, the original, full-length report on the countercurrent hypothesis by Gottschalk and Mylle (4), which, most appropriately, became the first in the new "Milestones in Nephrology" series of theJournal of the American Society of Nephrology(5), and which includes insightful commentaries by Carl himself and by Mark Knepper. To fully appreciate Carl Gottschalk's role in proving the countercurrent hypothesis for concentrating urine (6,7), one must consider the setting in which he performed this work. It took courage, prescience, and perseverance, as well as independence as a young (as yet, largely unrecognized) investigator, to pursue renal micropuncture in the 1950s. In fact, some major personages in renal physiology advised against such a project. Homer Smith, for example, when asked by Carl what he thought of the countercurrent hypothesis, told Carl: "The smart boys don't believe in it." (5). Erich Windhager divides the history of renal micropuncture into preand post-World War II phases (2). The method had been developed in 1921 by A. Newton Richards, a remarkable scientist (8) and for many years chair of pharmacology at the U iversity of Pennsylvania, and Joseph T. Wearn, a young physician who had joined Dr. Richards' laboratory in 1921. We have to emphasize the adjective r nal at this point, for micropuncture of other structures had been developed earlier (for example, see reference (9)) and had been observed by Richards. In Richards' own words, quoted by Carl Gottschalk (10): "In April of that year [1921] I saw Robert Chambers puncture rythrocytes and imagined that I might, with one of his pipettes, apply a little adrenalin to an exposed efferent vessel. In September of that year, Joseph T. Wearn came to work in my laboratory. After he had learned how to expose a living frog's kidney for direct microscopic study and had come to realize its possibilities, I suggested that we make some capillary pipettes and try to apply adrenalin to an efferent vessel. He countered with the suggestion, Why not puncture a glomerular capsule with the pipette, get some glomerular fluid and find out what was in it." Although the strategy was clear—again, in the words of Richards (10): "Many days in 1921–22 elapsed before Wearn succeeded in withdrawing uncontaminated glomerular urine [sic] from a frog. . ." For the next 20 years—until 1941 (the year, that is, when the United States entered World War II)—Dr. Richards' group constituted virtually the only laboratory in the world using the technique of renal micropuncture. They produced a series of famous reports, notable for their reliability and cautious interpretations (see reference (8), pp 38–40), that established beyond doubt and in great detail the nature of glomerular filtration and of selective tubular reabsorption. (Richards was reluctant to accept the existence of tubular secretion, although Presented at the symposium, "Vasopressin-Regulated Transporters in the Urinary Concentrating Mechanism," held in memory of Carl W. Gottschalk at the annual meetings of the American Society of Nephrology, Philadelphia, October 26, 1998. Correspondence to Dr. Heinz Valtin, Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3836. Phone: 802-6491838; Fax: 603-650-1130; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Image denoising is one of the most important steps in image and video processing applications. Digital images are corrupted by various types of noises during acquisition and transmission in the channel. In this paper, an approach for image denoising based on Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is proposed. The noises are removed by soft threshold the high frequencies sub-bands of SWT and DWT. Then the high frequencies sub-bands of DWT are interpolated by using bicubic interpolation technique and added to the high frequencies sub-bands of SWT in order to get the modified noise free sub-bands. Then all these sub-bands are combined with the low frequency sub-band of SWT to obtain the de-noised image by using inverse SWT (ISWT). Experimental results show that the proposed method gives better PSNR values than the DWT based soft shrinkage as well as preserves the image edge information.


This article is the brainchild of the government's policy plan that will do the rupiah redenomination. As we ketahu that the core of the currency redenomination is a simplification of the digits disappear rupiah. The study in this article analyzes the impact of more negative and positive when the rupiah redenomination policy actually done by the government. History, concepts and economic analysis both micro and macro equipped in this article. some case studies on the impact on the economy in Indonesia to be part of exciting to be associated with the redenomination policy. The final conclusion of this article suggests that if done then the rupiah redenomination policy needs to be studied more in depth about the impact on society, and not just the mere pursuit of prestige. Thoroughly and gradual socialization is an important recommendation in this article.


Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their interesting properties originating from an effective honeycomb lattice and strong spin-orbit coupling, and have potential applications in catalysis, lithium batteries, photonic, electronic, and valleytronic devices. Introducing magnetism in the TMDs can lead to the interesting functionalities such as magnetic order and carrier spin polarization with potential applications in spintronics. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach to induce robust ferromagnetism in MoS2 nanostructures by transition metal doping. After doping with a few percent Mn2+, the magnetism of MoS2 nanostructures is enhanced dramatically. Moreover, the magnetic properties are strongly temperature dependent, which is clearly different from the behavior of defect-induced magnetism. Our approach opens up the possibility for tuning the spin and magnetic properties in two-dimensional nanostructures.


Based on the investigation data,and combined with the own characteristics of rivers,the theory and method of geostatistics were used to characterize the spatial variability of water quality parameters in rivers of some city in south of Jiangsu and analyzed its causes.The results showed: According to the analysis by variogram model,we found three water quality parameters of rivers had spatial variability in a given spatial range.In this area,the content of CODMn in central and southern rivers showed higher than other parts,and spatial variability of CODMn was mainly caused by the daily activities of residents and the own characteristics of rivers.The content of TP and NH3-N in the rivers exceeded the standard seriously,so the water in this area showed more rich nutrition.The spatial variability of TP and NH3-N were similar and it showed higher district were all in southwest,southeast and northeast of the area.Their spatial variability was mainly caused by industrial activities and daily life of residents,and industrial activities played the leading role.


Field experiments were conducted to investigate the combining effects of novel herbicide pyribambenz-propyl {propyl 4-[2-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyloxy) benzyl amino] benzoate, PP; 100 mg/L as recommended} and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA; 1, 10 and 100 mg/L) in relation to seedling growth and development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv. ZS 758). The plant pre-treated by ALA retained higher dry matter when the seedlings were subsequently sprayed 100 mg/L PP, and even better result was observed from 10 mg/L ALA pre-treatment relative to the control (neither PP nor ALA treatment). In ALA post-treatment experiment, all ALA treatments showed a significant increase over the control with the highest dry matter being observed from 100 mg/L ALA treatment following PP application. The chlorophyll contents of 10 and 100 mg/L ALA pre-treatment were significantly higher than that of PP treatment control (non-ALA) and even recovered to the level of the control. In ALA post-treatment, the highest chlorophyll content was observed from 100 mg/L ALA treatment, which showed a marked increase as compared to PP treatment control and even the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly after ALA (10 and 100 mg/L) and PP (100 mg/L) were both applied subsequently in ALA preand post-treatment experiments. The highest SOD activity was obtained from 10 mg/L ALA pre-treatment, followed by 100 and 1 mg/L ALA, which all showed the significant increase over the control. Similarly, in ALA post-treatment, all ALA treatments exhibited a significant increase over the control with the highest SOD activity being observed from 100 mg/L ALA treatment following PP application. Therefore, it is feasible to apply subsequently the herbicide and plant growth regulator with the synergistic effects on plant growth and development.


This paper presents and discusses some design and security issues surrounding electronic strongboxes as an electronic counterpart of physical strongboxes typically found in large traditional financial institutions. The concept of electronic strongboxes is briefly discussed, comparing against physical strongboxes. A basic system for electronic strongboxes is then provided and the functional and security requirements of the system's components is presented. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication Details Hardjono T and Seberry J, Design and security issues in strongbox systems for the internet, Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 19-21 December, 1996, 99-103. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/infopapers/1134 Design and Security Issues in Strongbox Systenls for the Internet (Extended Abstract) Thomas Hardjono and Jennifer Seberry Centre for COlnputer Security Research University of ,Vollongong vVollongong, NS\V 2522 AUSTRALIA Tel: +61-42-213859 Fax: +61-42-214329 elnail: thomas/ j ennie@cs . uow . edu. au Abstract This paper presents and discusses SOllie design and security issues surrounding electronic strongboxes as an electronic counterpart of physical strongboxes typically found in large traditional finallcial institutions. The concept of electronic strongboxes is briefly discussed, cOlllparing against physical strongboxes. A basic system for electronic strongbox('s is then provided and the functional and security requirements of the system's components is presented.This paper presents and discusses SOllie design and security issues surrounding electronic strongboxes as an electronic counterpart of physical strongboxes typically found in large traditional finallcial institutions. The concept of electronic strongboxes is briefly discussed, cOlllparing against physical strongboxes. A basic system for electronic strongbox('s is then provided and the functional and security requirements of the system's components is presented. !\-eywords: Electronic Strongboxes, Electrollic Commerce, Payment Systems, Distributed Systems.


We present the results from the fabrication and characterization of mechanically induced long period fiber gratings in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF). A supercontinuum source in the range of 600nm - 1700nm is used. This source is generated using a micro-chip laser at 1064nm and a single mode fiber. A long-period grating is induced over 40mm long unjacketed PCF using a V-grooved aluminum plate. External pressure is gradually applied with a metal screw and a torque meter and a loss dip with resonance wavelength is observed. Low insertion losses are depicted from (1-3) dBm with a bandwidth of about 30nm and a loss dip around 15dBm. Sensitivity for this preliminary work is found at 27 dB/Lb. Several applications are potentially possible with the optimization of the transmission spectrum controlled by applied pressure.


"IN SPRING occur melancholia,madnessand epilepsy." This seasonalincreasein the incidence of depressive states observed by Hippocrates inhis aphorisms, tallies with more contemporaryobservationsontherise inthe suicide rate during the months of May andJune. The disease melancholiahas been known for centuries. To Plato, it wasoneof three kinds of mentaldisorder,the other two being maniaanddementia. To Arateus of Cappadocia, itwasanillness characterizedby"a perpetualanguishof the soul, fastenedupon one thing, without an ague", inthe throes of which the patients were "restless, sad, dismayed,sleepless", and one during which " they become thin by their agitation and loss of refreshing sleep". Arateus alsoobserved that thediseaseis liable to recur, does not affect the intellectual faculties, and is accompaniedby suicidal tendencies. In 1728 Hermann Boerhaave of Leyden described melancholia asa state in which "the patient is long and obstinately delirious without afever, and always intent upon one and the same thought", a definition very similar to that of Arateus overfifteen centuries before. If the word " depressed" be substituted forthe term " delirious" the definition is virtually broughtupto date. Boerhaave subscribed to the Hippocratic view that melancholiaoriginated from an excessof black bileor choler, which insome manneradverselyaffectedthe brain. He also observedthat melancholiaandmaniamight be but different phasesofthe same disease. This relationship,which had beena subject of speculationsince the days of Hippocrates, was finally establishedby Kraepelin, at the close of the nineteenth century with the conceptionof Manic-DepressiveInsanity.


Fuego volcano, Guatemala is a 3800 m-high stratovolcano that has displayed open vent behavior since 1999, and has had several periods of historic open vent activity as well as more than 60 historical subplinian eruptions. Two years of continuous visual observations (20052007) and six months of seismic and acoustic data (2007) showed a repeating cycle of eruptive behavior that consisted of 1) passive lava effusion and minor strombolian explosions, 2) paroxysmal eruptions lasting 24-48 hours, and 3) degassing explosions with no associated effusion. The strombolian explosions that occurred during periods of passive lava effusion are characteristically distinct from degassing explosions. In this study, we quantify the ratio of radiated infrasound to seismic energy for each class of eruption during study periods in 2007, 2008 and 2009 to distinguish between potential models for the events. More than 25,000 people inhabit the high hazard zone around Fuego volcano, and the potential to track activity using explosive energy partitioning has monitoring and hazard implications.


A new approach,the boundary element method(BEM) based on the ubregion solutions,is presented for computation of characteristic impedance of the coaxial stripline with the complicated cross section,and the computational formulation of the characteristic impedance is also derived.The accuracy of the impedance data is confirmed by comparing the numerical results reported in the literature.The new method can be used to calculate the electromagnetic engineering problems.


This paper studies secure transmission with parallel relays. We use relays to help users for transmission, but we also wish to keep the information secret against the relays. We first study the secrecy rate region for a simple parallel relay channel, and then extend the results to the parallel relay broadcast channel, in which the users receive different messages from the source.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a global problem in infection control. The highest proportions of MRSA are reported by Jordan, Egypt and Cyprus investigators, where more than 50% of the invasive isolates are methicillin-resistant. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity and genetic discrimination of MRSA in Egypt. Microbiological identification was done using Gram stain, catalase, coagulase and mannitol fermentation along with biochemical identification by analytical profile index (API) tests. Molecular identification was conducted by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S ribosomal RNA and the nuc genes. Additionally, identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was performed by the amplification of 310 bp of the mecA gene. Antibiograms were performed for all isolates. Only 73 isolates out of 166 were oxacillin resistant. The percentage of resistant isolates to erythromycin, rifampicin, vancomycin, Ofloxacin, gentamycin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, teicoplanin and tetracycline were 58, 32.50, 2.4, 45.18, 37.9, 39.7, 23.5, 21.6, 40.3, 0 and 39.1%, respectively. MRSA isolates were subdivided into eight biotypes according to their resistance pattern. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and repetitive sequence DNA (REP) were performed on samples representing each biotype.

 Key words: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), nuclease, mecA, 16S rRNA, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), polymerase chain reaction (PCR).


Optical technology as a promising infrastructure is imminent in Internet core and metro networks to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand from a large number of users in scientific, academic, and business communities, as well as in military and other government agencies. Recently, optical burst switching, or OBS, which represents a balance between circuit and packet switching, has opened up some stimulating new challenges in optical networking. Several analytical models of different aspects of optical technology in the Internet core, such as optical interconnections and OBS, have been proposed in the literature. To the best of our knowledge these models, however, have been ignored the impatience of messages traveling through optical switches in the Internet core. Fiber delay lines are employed in an optical switch to obtain enough time in order not to overload a potential congested downstream switch and henceforth avoid contention. This paper describes a novel analytical model to compare the performance of two different forwarding methods in optical burst switches, one which employs wavelength converters in middle switches and one that forces bursts to have the same wavelength throughout their path. One of the main features of the proposed model is the use of results from queuing systems with impatient customers to capture the effects of the impatience of the messages passing through delay lines in a switch. The validity of the model for both forwarding methods is demonstrated by comparing analytical results with those obtained from simulation experiments.


In general, lotus leaf and rose petal-inspired wettabilities are artificially developed through the integration of hierarchical topography and essential chemical functionality. However, a fundamental and important aspect of this nature inspired wettability is not yet addressed; between the hierarchical topography and essential chemical modulation, which is the more sensitive parameter for this nature inspired special wettability? The design of a common approach for tailoring both the hierarchical topography and chemical functionalities is highly essential for investigating such a relevant fundamental aspect; however the synthesis of such a material is extremely difficult in reality. In the current computational study, the Michael addition reaction between unsaturated ester and primary amine groups was found to be facilitated in the presence of alkali metal ions. Interestingly, the mixture of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (5Acl) in ethanol transformed into a chemically reactive polymeric monolith with tailored hierarchical features—based on the selection of appropriate alkali metal ions in the reaction mixture. The current study investigates the impact of the change in hierarchy in the topography on the nature inspired super-wettability—keeping the chemical functionality of the hierarchical topography intact. On the other hand, the inherent chemical reactivity of the hierarchical interfaces allowed us to examine the change in the chemical modulation—independently and precisely. The post-covalent modification of the hierarchical topography with longer and shorter hydrocarbon tails has a significant impact in controlling the metastable trapped air in the artificially biomimicked interfaces, and eventually controls the Wenzel, Cassie–Baxter and Cassie–Wenzel transition states. This current approach also allows us to modulate other relevant physical properties in the material—including the shrinkage of the material after the removal of the reaction solvent and compressive modulus. The materials with optimized physical properties were successfully exploited in the separation and collection of different forms of oil spills through both selective absorption process and gravity driven filtration process, even under practically relevant severe settings. Such a facile and general approach for tailoring both the chemical functionality and topography could be of potential interest for developing various functional and smart materials—including tissue engineering, patterned interfaces, etc.


A group of ESL learners (n = 16) in the UK were given a 3-month extensive reading programme involving graded readers to test the hypothesis that input of this nature could effect an improvement in their L2 competence. Comparison of pre-and post-treatment tests in reading and writing indicated that subjects had improved significantly in both skills, though particularly in writing. A subsequent more detailed analysis of one of the writing tests (an essay) showed post-treatment gains in number of words written and accuracy of expression. However, subjects' vocabulary base remained relatively unchanged and they used a generally more simple syntax. The experimental treatment thus appears to have encouraged a simpler but more correct form of expression in the L2. These results may relate to the linguistic models provided by the simplified language used in the graded readers. Extensive reading is suggested to have a potential in L2 development terms, teough the effect obtained from any given reading programme may be significantly related to the linguistic form of the material used.


Introduction - ankle fractures are third when it comes to frequency, right after hip and wrist joint fractures. Posterior malleolus fractures are common, comprising 7% to 44% of all ankle fractures, and are very rare on their own; that is a Volkmann triangle fracture. Ankle is a supporting joint in the human body, and fractures generally occur within rotation of the body with different fixed foot positions. The posterior malleolus is a very important structure in distal tibiofibular joint. Material and methods - we retrospectively present a group of 21 patients who had a fracture of the ankle and were surgically treated at the Clinic for Orthopedics and Traumatology in Niš during the period from January 2013 to December 2015. The basic criterion for surgical treatment was the size of the fragment, > 25% from tibial joint surface and dislocation >2mm. We systemized all ankle fractures according to the Lauge Hansen system, which is based on the mechanism of injury. We evaluated treatment results according to the Olerud-Molander classification, followed by subjective and objective signs. We systemized posterior malleolus fractures into three types, according to the Haraguchi classification. Results - etiological causes of the fractures are: a fall at the same level - sport, skating in 11 (52.3%) patients, a fall from a height in 6 (28.6%) and traffic accident in 4 (21.1%) patients. According to the Lauge Hansen classification, there were 15 (71.4%) patients with a SER-type fracture, 4 (19%) of the PER type, and 2 (9.6%) of the PA type. End result of the treatment was excellent in 13 (61.9%) patients, good in 7 (33.4%) and poor in 1 (4.7%) patient. Post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) was assessed one year after the surgery and level 1 and 2 were present in 12 (57.1%) patients.


Visual mapping is a required capability for practical autonomous mobile robots where there exists a growing industry with applications ranging from the service to industrial sectors. Prior to map building, Visual Odometry(VO) is an essential step required in the process of pose graph construction. In this work, we first propose to tackle the pose estimation problem by using both photometric and geometric information in a direct RGBD image registration method. Secondly, the mapping problem is tackled with a pose graph representation, whereby, given a database of augmented visual spheres, a travelled trajectory with redundant information is pruned out to a skeletal pose graph. Both methods are evaluated with data acquired with a recently proposed omnidirectional RGBD sensor for indoor environments.


This paper deals with the elderly serious game design which makes full use of the existing arcade game machine. This serious game is on the issue for its positive role recently. Serious arcade game for the elderly which is made up arcade platform-based combined contents manufacture technology has an element which is having a fun for building up physical and mental health. It also has a special objective which can prevent against senile dementia. Above-mentioned serious arcade game which has a special objective in both hardware part and software part is needed to study how to design. Accordingly, this paper presents how to make up special-purpose entertainment machine and contents development by biologic, social, and psychological researches and data about the elderly - main users. We hope that this paper can be used as a base for expansion of new industrial field by integrating new product development for the elderly with high game technology.With the help of information technology


Abstract Kiswahili is undoubtedly one of the most developed and expansively used indigenous African languages nationally and internationally. At the dawn of African states political independence, the founding fathers of the nations led by Kwame Nkrumah considered Kiswahili as an appropriate language for African states unity. Adoption of Kiswahili as the universal language of African continent could have gone a long way in realising the dream of the founding fathers of one people, one nation, one language. However, as history bears witness, their dream remained just a wish. On the contrary, Kiswahili, though not accorded Africa continent political recognition, has continued with its linguistic conquest and expansion further from its indigenous base in the East Africa's coast to various countries in Africa and beyond. The status and usage of Kiswahili has shifted and grown with the political, social and economic growth of nations which use it for various purposes. Currently, it is a regional language in East African countries where it wears several hats as a vernacular, national & official language, lingua franca and a vehicular in various spheres of life. Internationally, Kiswahili has curved for itself a linguistic sphere in the field of academia and international communication. This paper therefore seeks to document and asses Kiswahili's participation in the last fifty years in national, regional and international developments. Introduction Kiswahili is a language of the Niger-Congo family which Ethnologue has classified as ISO 639- 3: SWA (Lewis 2009). It is a lingual franca in Eastern Africa and Central Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is also spoken in some parts of some Southern Africa countries i.e Mozambigue, Malawi and Zambia. Presently, it has spread to Southern Sudan through the returning refugees from Kenya. (Choge, 2007-2008, Moshi, 2006 & Kishe 2003). Presently, there are many international speakers of Kiswahili in countries outside the main Kiswahili geolinguistic zone in Africa. It is estimated that it has about 150 million speakers (Choge 2007-2008). It is currently an official language in DRC, Tanzania and in Kenya (Mulukozi, n.d & Kenya Law Report 2010). Kiswahili origin is the East Coast of Africa. Its presence in East Africa coast dates back to many years into the dispersion of Bantu ethnic groups that had settled at Shungwaya. After this dispersion, later day Kiswahili speakers migrated east and settled along the East African Coast along the Indian Ocean from Mogadishu in Somalia to the North and to the Mouth of River Lurio in Mozambigue to the South and in the various island that dot this coastline (Choge 2007-2008, Chiraghdin & Mnyampala 1977). The outside world (China, India Arabia, Persia, Rome) had a long history of barter trade with this East coast of Africa for centuries trading in:- porcelain, cowry shells, beads, cloths, wheat, rice, sesame oil, wine, cotton cloths reed honey called sacchari, spices kitchen ware and weaponry i.e hatchet, daggers and awls in exchange for animal products-rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks and tortoise shells, wood products, minerals- gold, copper, ivory and diamond and later in human beings during the era of slave trade (Kiango 2005 & Schoff, 1912) Kiswahili was spread into the hinterland of East Africa during this time by Kiswahili speakers who were either porters or leaders of caravans. The caravans established centres in the hinterland for replenishments, collection and holding points for goods. These points also became centres of islamization. Kiswahili therefore served both religion and business. These contacts with the outside world left a lot of material and linguistic relics in Kiswahili culture which are still evident today.1 This paper therefore discusses the roles Kiswahili has played regionally and internationally since the last fifty years when most African states secured their independence. …


Annotation: This article examines the history of the creation, development and use of explosives (HE), subdivided into several main stages. An important place in the work is occupied by the consideration of gunpowder and its components, which were the only explosives for five centuries and gave a powerful impetus to the development of more powerful substances. The paper analyzes the methods of their production, as well as improvements under the influence of a historical milestone in development. The main problems in the introduction of explosive substances and ways to eliminate them are noted. The work establishes the criteria for the rational and safe production of explosives.


The Tang Dynasty depended on its advantages over Tujue to realize the object of govern northeastern China.The rebellion of surrendered Turks caused the turmoil of political situation in northeastern China and created an opportunity for the growth and expansion of Tujue,which finally resulted in the Rise of Later Tujue which once dominated all northeastern peoples.The rejuvenation of Later Tujue led directly or indirectly of turning the state of You a major military town and the founding of Government and High Command Barracks of Pinglu.In this connection,the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty was a historical period in which the two dynasties competed with the regimes of nomadic peoples for government of northeastern China.Although the competition ended in Tujue's defeat,the Tang Dynasty and Tujue were both leading forces in this area.Under such situations,whether to attach the Tang Dynasty was a determinative external element.


BACKGROUND The multiple mode emission emphasizes the efficacy of the KTP laser. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a 532 nm KTP laser emitting in multipulse mode for the treatment of superficial 0.5–1 mm leg telangiectases. METHODS A 532 nm KTP laser was used in a nonuniform pulse sequence or multipulse mode emission (three stacked pulses of 100 msec, 30 msec, 30 msec, and a delay between pulses of 250 msec), a fluence of 60 J/cm2, and a 0.75 mm collimated spot. No cooling was used. Fourteen female patients (average age 46 years, range 27–57 years), phototypes I–IV were examined with Doppler ultrasound to ensure their big veins were competent. A topography of the telangiectatic network was reported on a tracing plastic frame before each session and 6 weeks after the last one. These frames were digitized and the number of vessels (before and 6 weeks after each session) was determined using imaging software. Side effects, pain, and patient satisfaction were noted. RESULTS Moderate pain, immediate erythema and edema, sometimes light scabbing, temporary hypopigmentation rarely, and no matting were observed. After one treatment, vessel clearing was 53% (P < .001). It increased to 78% (P < .001) 6 weeks after two treatments, to 85% (P < .05) 6 weeks after three treatments, and to 93% (NS) 6 weeks after four treatments. CONCLUSION This nonuniform pulse sequence or multipulse mode emission emphasizes the efficacy of the KTP laser in this study. It provides a safe and effective treatment that achieved an important reduction of red leg veins telangiectases from 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter, with very few side effects.


The snap buckling case in a curved composite beam under a closing bending moment is dealt with.A theoretical approach is developed for the non-linear problem of delamination buckling which is likely to occur in curved composite structures.The approach is based on large deflection characterisation of a curved beam,coupled with fracture mechanics concepts.The general solution is applied to analyse a special case in which delamination occurs very close to inner surface of the beam and snap buckling happens in this delaminated thin layer. The effect of the arc angle of delamination crack on the critical load is also studied


With the support dialectical interactionism bias in the teaching-learning provided by the online educational games prevalent in the business directed to the teaching of Directors is that estutura this essay. Guided by the question about which alternative pedagogical methodology incorporated into the practice of business games lets go of a subject-object interactionism interactionism subject to a social-search is the main objective in this essay, to provide an alternative educational games business that advances beyond Piaget's interactionist perspective toward the Vygotskyan interactionism. In this sense the methodology consisted of a literature search, which initially talks about the characteristics of the main pedagogical trends, from the traditional to the historical-critical. In the sequel we highlight that the games themselves, present developments related trends humanist and cognitive relying on the valuation of individual interests and rhythms. Explaining the difference between the models Piaget and Vygotsky would allow an overshoot interactionist, presents a detailed evaluation processes for the games business into an educational project with dialectical background that reinforces the social dimension of knowledge from the historical perspective criticizes Saviani. From the analysis of the teaching-learning process, highlighting the differences in the contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky, it is concluded that the games can advance the goals proposed evaluative criteria which presupposes awareness through the zone of proximal development, characterized by the distance between the actual developmental level of the individual and their level of development potential.


Methane Hydrates form when water and methane are brought in contact within a specific temperature-pressure regime. The discovery of Hydrate Methane reservoir has generated considerable excitement since it is estimated to contain twice the energy in all known reserves of fossil fuels. In addition to their age, it appears that hydrates in nature are ubiquitous, with some probability of occurrence wherever methane and water are in close proximity at low temperature and elevated pressures. Because hydrates concentrate methane (at STP) by as much as factor of 164 and because less than 15% of the recovered energy is required for dissociation, hydrate reservoirs have been considered as a substantial future energy resource.


Since 2012, nearly every sector has developed a fascination with the seemingly new discovery of Big Data and its unprecedented capabilities to fuel analytic breakthroughs. It is clear that the use of Big Data as an information resource will continue to become more prevalent as it is employed in academic research and data-driven decision making, and even emerges as a vehicle for government transparency. This article reviews the emergence and potentials of Big Data, describes the policies fueling the current data surge, and discusses the impact on libraries. As libraries evolve to provide more data services, there is an opportunity for librarians to become experts and authorities in the data age.


The author of the article comes up with a procedure-centred teaching reform model in dribbling football around poles and shooting.It places an emphasis on a probe into the design of shill actions and the procession to carry them out in order to attain the teaching procession ration,high efficieng and perfectness and in the end to improve teaching result.


Five cases of sirenomelia presented with rare manifestations are discussed. Three neonates were born alive and died within 2 to 12 hours after birth. One case was the offspring of a triple in vitro fertilization pregnancy with history of early intrauterine death of one of the triplets. The main features included fusion of lower extremities (five of five), renal agenesis (three of five), polycystic renal dysplasia (two of five), anal atresia with large bowel hypoplasia (three of five), pulmonary hypoplasia (four of five), and single umbilical artery (five of five). Other features that have only rarely been associated with sirenomelia included concurrence of congenital heart disease and neuroblastoma, gallbladder agenesis, and upper extremity defects.


This paper analyzes the meaning and main content of Guangzhou Learning City Brand Concept Identification System Building,analyzes its carrier,made through a network of digital learning portal,by undertaking a learning city construction tasks of the school system and learning terminal,through new learning culture reflected and transmitted learning city brand concept,which made the brand concept learning city of Guangzhou recognition system application and promotion strategies.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) are validated modalities for identifying neuronal activity and they are complementary in that fMRI offers high spatial resolution while EEG provides high temporal resolution. Hence integration of these two modalities would in turn be a promising tool to delineate a focal ictal onset zone, both as part of research and for focal resection of the same zone to abolish drug-resistant seizures This review focuses on this new technique with details of the biophysical difficulties encountered, methodology with relevant EEG-fMRI integration studies in epilepsy research and emphasis on its application as a potential presurgical evaluation tool in evaluation of drug resistant epilepsy.


Today's service and knowledge organizations, which employ around 80percent of the Australian workforce, are no longer managed most effectively as hierarchies of full-time employees. Today's (and tomorrow's) organizations are diverse communities comprising a mix of highly committed, core workers; flexibly employed casual and part-time workers; consultants, contractors, and business partners. Clients, themselves, now do some of the work in service organizations and must be 'managed' as contributors to corporate success. These different groups can have very different types of legal, economic and psychological relationships to the organization and, therefore, to its goals and values.

This article proposes a classification of the different types of contributor in today's organizational community based on the intended purpose and expected duration of the relationship between a contributor and the organization. It is argued that the classification can be used as a practical guide by managers at all levels in aligning their management and human resource practices with the characteristsics of the different contributor relationships for which they are responsible. This should result in more realistic mutual expectations on the part of managers and contributors; greater contributor productivity; more flexible and appropriate career paths; reduced levels of workplace stress and alienation—and organizations that are more successful in attracting and keeping the best talent.