We examined the interaction of GABA and the competitive inhibitor SR95531 at human a1b1c2S and a1b1 GABAA receptors expressed in Sf9 cells. The efficacy and potency of inhibition depended on the relative timing of the GABA and SR95531 applications. In saturating (10 mM) GABA, the halfinhibitory concentrations of SR95531 (IC50) when coapplied with GABA to a1b1c2S or a1b1 receptors were 49 and 210 lM for the peak and 18 and 130 lM for the plateau current, respectively. Our data are explained by an inhibition mechanism in which SR95531 and GABA bind to two sites on the receptor where the binding of GABA allows channel opening but SR95531 does not. The SR95531 affinity for both receptor types was � 200 nM and the binding rate was found to be 10-fold faster than that for GABA. The dual binding-site model gives insights into the differential effects of GABA and SR95531 on the peak and plateau currents. The model predicts the effect of SR95531 on GABA currents in the synapse


The purpose for this research is to make a blueprint of State University Of Jakarta website for admission of new students. This site using RestFul API Web Service technology that split in between data processing logic system and user interface so that if the system are in development, developer no need to rebuild or reorganize the whole part of system. The research done at Information and Technology Center (PUSTIKOM) University of XYZ on February until May 2016. Developing method that used are software method development. i.e. spiral development method. Overall there's 3 main stages of this research and development. There are (1) early research; (2) product development; (3) test and revision of the product. Early research done for identify the problem and search the easy solution for solve that matter. Testing process for the prototype of the product done with media expert test. Data collecting process done by using questionaire which then analyzed with desciptive and quantitative technique. Based on research, testing result show that prototype have 100% score on Validation Test. Based the test result, the blueprint of University Of XYZ website for admission of new students that have been developed declared eglible for use as a milestone of admission of new students system for University of XYZ in a next year.


This report discusses the outcomes of a study that investigated a procedure designed to help manage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in out-of-home settings. Forty-four parents of children (ages 5-10) diagnosed with ADHD hyperactive-impulsive or combined types participated. Portions of the Barkley Home Situations Questionnaire were used to measure the degree of the children's management problems in out-of-home settings. The subjects were randomized into a treatment group in which parents receive instruction to implement a procedure for managing the children's behavior in out-of-home settings and a control group. The procedure consisted of setting clear and specific rules for the child, establishing positive and negative consequences for following the rules, reminding the child right before entering the situation, and administering the appropriate consequences afterwards. After a period of 1 to 2 weeks, the subjects were re-evaluated. T-tests revealed that at the onset of the study the children in both groups exhibited a similar level of management problems in out-of-home situations, but after the implementation of the procedure, the children in the treatment group exhibited significant .reduction in management problems in these settings compared with the children in the control group. (Author/CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Reducing ADHD children's management problems in out-of-home settings. George M. Kapalka, Ph. D. Monmouth University (732) 263 5583 Center for Behavior Modification (732) 206 1616 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Presented at American Psychological Association, August 23, 2002, Chicago, IL. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


A remote brainstorming support system is a highly coordinated IoT application composed of many locally installed interface devices, multimedia communication functions, and cloud functions that store meeting data. In this paper, we describe an agent-based remote brainstorming support system for exchanging multimedia information among distributed teams according to user requests. We aim to (1) develop multimedia channels to communicate brainstorming results obtained from and presented on various devices among distributed teams, (2) establish a novel mechanism to add newly developed channels to the system on demand during a meeting, and (3) scale up the performance of remote brainstorming support systems.


This essay begins with a review of the book about Recent History compiled by Marina Franco and Florencia Levin in order to argue subsequently some problems relative to the formation of this speciality or academic discipline. It is based on the discussion of three topics: the relation between recent history and social trauma, the possible innovation in historiography and its statute as a field, discipline or speciality. The essay ends up by claiming the presence of a stronger political weight in recent history as compared with other historical approaches and proposing an open perspective concerning its summit.


The invention relates to a treatment technology for recycling reverse osmosis concentrated water, comprising the following steps of: 1) adding reverse osmosis concentrated water into a raw water pond; 2) pumping the water discharged out of the raw water pond to be added into a mechanical accelerating settling pond, and carting out softening reaction and flocculation clearing process in the mechanical accelerating settling pond; 3) adjusting the pH value of the liquid supernatant which is treated by the mechanical accelerating settling pond to 6.5-8.5, and passing through a filter; 4) adding the filtered wastewater into a first-grade electroosmosis system to be desalted; 5) adding thin liquid treated by the first-grade electroosmosis into a second-grade electroosmosis system, wherein the concentrated liquid obtained by the second-grade electroosmosis system reflows to the first-grade electroosmosis system, and the fresh water enters into a recycle pool; and 6) recycling the fresh water in the recycle pool according to the actual need. According to the treatment technology for recycling the reverse osmosis concentrated water, the hardness, the TDS (total dissolved solids), the organic matters and other impurities in wastewater can be removed by means of softening, clearing, filtering and electroosmosis, and the problem of the recycle of the reverse osmosis concentrated water which reaches to the standard can be thoroughly solved.


The influence of x radiation (500 r) on various immunobiological reactions in rabbits (leukocyte reactions, plasma stability, serum fraction, and aglutaric, complementary, and preventive properties) was studied. The resuits show a reduced number of leukocytes accompanied by a reduced number of phagocytes in relation to dysentery and typhoid bacteria. Plasma stability is disturbed by a reduction in albumin and an increase in alpha globin. However, the blood serum in irradiated animals retained its preventtve properties with reduced titer. (R.V.J.)


The article discusses the layout of construction,interior space and exterior image design,media-space design of university teaching building,and discusses the development trends of university teaching buildings.


Background and Aims:  To determine the cost‐effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer using flexible sigmoidoscopy once every 10 years, compared with annual and biennial rehydrated Hemoccult fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy once every 10 years, or no screening.


Advances in neonatology over the past 2 decades have resulted in the survival of very preterm infants. However, the major limiting factor to survival of such infants is the ability to initiate and maintain adequate nutrition. Multiple maturational events are necessary for successful enteral nutrition of the infant: coordination of sucking and swallowing; effective gastric emptying; forward propagation of small intestinal contents, and finally, colonic elimination. Since normal gastrointestinal function relies on the integrated maturation of absorptive, secretory and motor function, a delay in any one of these processes will result in disturbed gastrointestinal function. Immature gastrointestinal motility manifested by vomiting, abdominal distention, delay in stooling and constipation commonly postpone the time of full enteral feeding in premature infants. Recent advances in biomedical engineering have enabled the study of gastrointestinal motility even in very premature infants. Using miniaturized feeding catheters with an outer diameter of 2 mm, multiple recording sites and sleeve sensors and with rates of water infusion ranging between 0.005 and 0.04 ml/min, we have learned a great deal about the functional ontogeny of esophageal and antroduodenal motility in humans. In contrast, due to the difficulty in studying the human colon under physiologic conditions, very little is known about the development of colonic motility. Placement of manometric or barostat catheters in the colon requires endoscopy and cannot be justified in healthy infants, while noninvasive techniques such as scintigraphic transit studies or ultrasonographic evaluations have not yet been standardized for children. Hernell O, Schmitz J (eds): Feeding during Late Infancy and Early Childhood: Impact on Health. Nestlé Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program, vol 56, pp 85–98, Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel, © 2005.


A thin film encapsulation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is investigated with a multi-layer stack of polyacrylate-Ag-polyacrylate-Ag-polyacrylate-Ag-polyacrylate (PAPAPAP). It is shown that the fabrication of polyacrylate films by a wet process does not affect the electroluminescent (EL) characteristics of the devices and polyacrylate films together with the silver layers can perform to minimize oxygen and water diffusion into the organic light-emitting device. The structure of polyacrylate(20 μm)-Ag(200 nm)-polyacrylate(20 μm)-Ag(200 nm)-polyacrylate(20 μm)-Ag(200 nm)-polyacrylate(20 μm) is demonstrated to enhance dramatically the lifetime of OLEDs.


China has about one fifth of the world population and this is a large number.The year 2000 census revealed that the total population in China was 1,295,330,000.People over 65 years old reached 88,110,000,6.96 per cent of the total population.To know this large population number is very important to the bone and mineral research and the prevention of osteoporosis.With reference to the osteoporosis diagnostic criteria for white women by World Health Organization(WHO)in 1994 and the osteoporosis diagnostic guidelines by Japanese Bone Mineral Society,and based on the abundant data of average bone density in Hip neck and L 2-4 measured by DEXA in recent 5 years and more than 40,000 data of bone density in forearm 1/3 by SPA in 1980's,the diagnostic guideline for our Chinese people are suggested as follows:Compared with the local peak bone density of the same sex,bone loss rate between 1%-12% is normal,13%-24% is osteopenia,over 25% is osteoporosis and over 37% is severe osteoporosis.According to DEXA results in connection with population census in 2000,patients with primary osteoporosis account for approximately 6.97% of the total population.Women over 60 years old have either postmenopause osteoporosis or senile osteoporosis whereas men over 75 have only senile osteoporosis.


ABSTRACT Limited reserves of traditional fossil fuels, up and down on the crude oil prices, and environmental degradation have focused the worldwide researcher's interest in the alternative fuels that can be used in existing diesel engine without any engine modification. In this work, zinc-doped (1.5–5 wt%) calcium oxide (Zn/Cao) heterogeneous catalysts have been prepared using wet impregnation method and calcined at 700°C. The 5-ZnCaO-700 showed highest catalytic activity and gave <98% fatty acid methyl esters at 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 65°C reaction temperature, and 2.2 h reaction time. HNMR was employed for the quantification of biodiesel.


Introduction: Retarded ejaculation (RE) especially acquired RE is a non common sexual dysfunction in men with some complications and there is low data for treatment. In this case report we introduce a opium addict patient with generalized acquired RE that presented as late onset hypogonadism. Case report: The patient was a 35 year-old married emigrant worker. His chief complaint was decrease of libido and RE without previous history. He was addicted to opium. He was bored, his weight increased and had sleep disturbance. Physical examination was normal and laboratory tests show hypogonadism (High level of LH and low Testosterone level).Treatment started with diagnosis of late onset hypogonadism by Testosterone decanoate (25mg weekly IM) but the results was not satisfying. Because he did not want to discontinue opium use, we prescribed him Bupropion (75 mg/ daily PO) and the patient treated successfully. Discussion: Among acquired causes of RE , opium and opiate addiction is lesser investigated. Consequently there is not a coherent instruction for treatment. Discontinuation of opium is difficult and sometimes leads to premature ejaculation. Bupropion may be useful to decrease RE but it did not assessed in opium induced RE. We treated a case of this problem by oral Bupropion 75mg/daily. Conclusion: In conclusion it seems that Bupropion (75mg/daily PO) is effective in patients with acquired RE who are addicted to opium and have no desire to discontinue it. A clinical trial is necessary to assess this finding.


Periodic eigendecomposition, to be formulated in this paper, is a numerical method to compute Floquet spectrum and Floquet vectors along periodic orbits in a dynamical system. It is rooted in numerical algorithms advances in computation of 'covariant vectors' of the linearized flow along an ergodic trajectory in a chaotic system. Recent research on covariant vectors strongly strongly suggests that the physical dimension of inertial manifold of a dissipative PDE can be characterized by a finite number of 'entangled modes', dynamically isolated from the residual set of transient degrees of freedom. We anticipate that Floquet vectors display similar properties as covariant vectors. In this paper we incorporate periodic Schur decomposition to the computation of dynamical Floquet vectors, compare it with other methods, and show that the method can yield the full Floquet spectrum of a periodic orbit at every point along the orbit to high accuracy. Its power, and in particular its ability to resolve eigenvalues whose magnitude differs by hundreds of orders magnitude, is demonstrated by applying the algorithm to computation of the full linear stability spectrum of several periodic solutions in one dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky flow.


Although the increasing pervasiveness of end-user computing has made concerns with database interfaces increasingly more important, paradoxically, there does not seem to be sufficient research into database interfaces for end-user computing. A much needed but neglected enrichment of database systems is an interface that provides the user with automatic feedback in the form of an explanation of how the database management system interprets user-specified queries. The study presented in this paper proposes an approach that exploits the rich semantics of graphical semantic data models to construct restricted natural language explanations of database queries that are specified in a very high-level declarative form. These interpretations of the specified query represent the system's "understanding†of the query, and are returned to the user for validation.


It is estimated that there are 2 million new cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the USA annually. Current treatment modalities pose significant morbidity, which can consequently lead to unfavorable cosmetic outcomes. This in turn leads to the direct and indirect management costs of treating NMSC approaching billions of dollars annually. There have been anecdotal reports of Euphorbia peplus sap use as a successful home remedy for skin malignancies, which suggest it may be an effective topical treatment for NMSC. Further investigations have isolated one among the many active ingredients found in E. peplus sap, ingenol mebutate (PEP005). Research studies have revealed that ingenol mebutate has both a direct cytotoxic effect and a local moderate acute inflammatory response in mediating its anticancer effects. In addition to its high efficacy in the treatment of NMSC, clinical studies have reported ingenol mebutate to have minor application site side effects that resolved shortly after stopping treatme...


615 455 Jane O. Newman, The Gospel according to Auerbach Erich Auerbach's Mimesis (1946) can usefully be read in the context of the Christian existentialist thought to which Auerbach was exposed during his years as a professor at the University of Marburg between 1929 and 1935–36. Specifically, placing Auerbach's account of Peter's denial of Christ as related in the Gospel of Mark in conversation with the work of Auerbach's Marburg colleague Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976) helps us to understand Auerbach's indebtedness to Bultmann and to see Mimesis in new ways, as a project with a longer collaborative history that concerns not only literary "realism" but also the dargestellte Wirklichkeit ("represented reality") of the finitude of the human condition. Acknowledging the importance of earlytwentiethcentury Christian existentialism in Germany for Auerbach's work helps explain the affective hold that Mimesis has had on lay and professional readers alike. (JON)


Dietary assessment is an important tool for nutritional epidemiology studies. To assess the dietary intake, the common approach is to carry out 24-h dietary recall (24HR), a structured interview conducted by experienced dietitians. Due to the unconscious biases in such self-reporting methods, many research works have proposed the use of vision-based approaches to provide accurate and objective assessments. In this article, a novel vision-based method based on real-time three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction and deep learning view synthesis is proposed to enable accurate portion size estimation of food items consumed. A point completion neural network is developed to complete partial point cloud of food items based on a single depth image or video captured from any convenient viewing position. Once 3-D models of food items are reconstructed, the food volume can be estimated through meshing. Compared to previous methods, our method has addressed several major challenges in vision-based dietary assessment, such as view occlusion and scale ambiguity, and it outperforms previous approaches in accurate portion size estimation.


The purpose of the research on bank resilience is to
mobilize the initiative of banks in risk management. The negative impact of the
financial crisis was been regarded as an opportunity to improve risk control
ability to improve the banking industry's risk tolerance, self-healing ability
and environmental adaptability in the financial market. This paper obtains the
theoretical significance of bank resilience through concept definition and
necessity analysis. Then, we analyze the form and process of bank resilience
from dynamic and static aspects, respectively, makes it clear that how valuable
bank resilience is to reform and characteristic development of the banking
industry. Based on that, the factors influencing bank resilience analyzed and
the risk management system is been reconstructed. Thus, the challenge of
financial crisis to banks will transform into
the opportunity to enhance bank resilience and realize the high-level balanced
development of risks and benefits. The contribution of this paper is to introduce
the concept of resilience into the financial field. Through the innovation of
risk management mode, financial institutions are encouraged to carry out active
risk management, so that banks can realize the diversification of operational
risk business and improve the efficiency of risk control.


How to predict the future popularity of a message or video on online social media (OSM) has long been an attractive problem for researchers. Although many difficulties are still ahead, recent studies suggest that temporal and topological features of early adopters generally play a very important role. However, with the increase of the adopters, the feature space will grow explosively. How to select the most effective features is still an open issue. In this work, we investigate several feature extraction methods over the Twitter platform and find that most predictive power concentrates on the second half of the propagation period, and that not only a model trained on one platform generalizes well to others as previous works observed, but also a model trained on one dataset performs well on predicting the popularity for other datasets with different number of observed early adopters. According to these findings, at least for the best features by far, the data used to extract features can be halved without loss of evident accuracy and we provide a way to roughly predict the growth trend of a social-media item in real-time.


Several vitamin contents of Chinese chive cultured by solution under covering with vinyl films were compared with that of non covering one. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Content of vitamin B1, B2 in Chinese chive under vinyl film covering culture was slightly less than those of non covering. (2) Ascorbic acid content of Chinese chive under vinyl film covering culture was less than that of control. Effect of covering appeared distinctly. (3) Content of total carotene under vinyl film covering culture was less than that of control. Effect of covering appeared distinctly (4) Sensory test of Chinese chive leaves was held after pickling. The test showed that Chinese chive covering with vinyl films was worse than the control one. Jap. J. Nutr., 34 (3) 103-x107 (1976)


With the objective of corroborating the chromosomal number, the pollen size, type and viability, in a study of the meiosis of Tithonia diversifolia, meriste...


This paper discusses the implementation of a database buffer manager as a component of a DBMS. The interface between calling components of higher system layers and the buffer manager is described; the principal differences between virtual memory paging and database buffer management are outlined; the notion of referencing versus addressing of database pages is introduced; and the concept of fixing pages in the buffer to prevent uncontrolled replacement is explained.
Three basic tasks have to be performed by the buffer manager: buffer search, allocation of frames to concurrent transactions, and page replacement. For each of these tasks, implementation alternatives are discussed and illustrated by examples from a performance evaluation project of a CODASYL DBMS.


David Kirkby argues that I have misrepresented Marc Hauser's conception of a moral faculty, in a way that invalidates my chief arguments against the existence and necessity of such a faculty. The core of Kirkby's challenge is that what Hauser lists as necessary conditions for the moral faculty to do its work are not themselves components of that faculty. I argue that there is no useful way to distinguish necessary conditions of moral judgments from the alleged moral faculty itself, and that even if we could do this, we would be left with an empty non-explanation of the supposed moral faculty that amounts to nothing more than the claim that we have a faculty that generates judgments of right versus wrong.


Background: Daily regimen anti-tuberculosis treatment was adopted by Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) as a step to achieve tuberculosis elimination by 2025 in India. The change was implemented prior to completion of pilot study, which necessitated this study to note the self-reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). Methods: A prospective study with concurrent sampling design was carried on from June 2018 to June 2020 in the state of Haryana, India. Pre-tested semi-structured schedule was used to collect data based on RNTCP outcome definitions through two monthly (four visits) home visits. Mean±standard deviation, percentage, proportion and chi-square test was used. The p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Amongst 122 study participants 74 (60.7%) were males and 48 (39.3%) were females with mean age of 39.4±18.9 years. Majority were urban residents 87 (71.3%) and 35 (28.7%) rural residents. There were 25 (20.5%) tobacco smokers, nine (7.4%) alcohol consumers, and three (2.5%) smokeless tobacco users. Forty-five participants had ADRs and 54 ADR events had occurred, but none required change in treatment regimen. Sixteen (13.1%) reported loss of appetite followed by 10 (8.2%), flu-like symptoms, eight (6.6%) nausea, seven (5.7%) pain in joints, three (2.5%) abdomen pain, three (2.5%) headache, two (1.6%) itching and rash, one (0.8%) burning in hands and feet and one (0.8%) giddiness. Daily regimen ADR cases (36.9%) and events (44.3%) when comparatively higher than intermittent regimen (25.6%). Conclusions: The ADRs cases and events had occurred in higher proportion but were mild and hence did not require any regimen change.


BACKGROUND: The development of technology gives an impact on life expectancy in the elderly. In Yogyakarta, the total of the elderly was higher than in other provinces in Indonesia. The elderly experience a decreased functional state that may lead to impaired body organs, such as heart failure. Heart failure has increasingly become a serious health problem. At present, 80% of elderly patients experience heart failure because of a decrease in functional status. The elderly may also experience frailty syndrome, which can provide a poor prognosis in terms of mortality, rehospitalization, and quality of life. It needs complex management; one of these is self-care behavior that can prevent the spread of frailty syndrome. AIM: The study aims to assess the correlation between self-care behavior and frailty syndrome in elderly patients with heart failure. METHODS: The study included 87 elderly patients with heart failure who visited the cardiology outpatient unit in two private hospitals. Self-care was measured using the self-care heart failure index, and frailty syndrome was assessed using the frailty index. A correlation test was conducted using Spearman rho. RESULTS: The result showed inadequate self-care behavior with a mean score of 48.70. The mean score of frailty syndrome was 0.142, categorized in the pre-frail phase. No correlation was found between self-care behavior and frailty syndrome with p=0.20. CONCLUSION: Self-care behavior in elderly patients with heart failure is still inadequate and in the pre-frail phase. Nurses and other health professionals should consider intervention to increase self-care behavior among the elderly and screening to increase their awareness of frailty syndrome. Edited by: Igor Spiroski Citation: Rochmawati E, Amalia S. Self-care Behavior and Frailty Syndrome among Elderly Patients with Heart Failure. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Apr 15; 9(T4):231-235. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5773


Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopical Characterization of Palladium(II)-Diphosphate Pd2P2O7

Pd2P2O7 is synthesized by heating (Tmax = 500 °C) stoichiometric amounts of PdO and phosphoric acid. Using chemical vapour transport experiments (850 °C 750 °C, addition of PdCl2) Pd2P2O7 was crystallized. Pd2P2O7 adopts its own structure type (C 2/c (No. 15), Z = 4, a = 13,151(2) A, b = 5,172(1) A, c = 8,139(1) A, β = 97,52(1)°, 1160 independent reflections, 55 variables, R1 = 0,021 and wR2 = 0,050). Square-planar [PdO4]-units are linked by diphosphate-groups generating a 3D framework. Within this framework ribbons may be distinguished. Thus Pd2P2O7 might be described as palladium(II)-[diphosphatopalladate(II)].

The results of various spectroscopic measurements (IR, Raman, UV/VIS, 31P-MAS-NMR) are reported and discussed within the context of the crystal structure.


The formation of hemispherical grain (HSG) silicon on undoped and doped amorphous silicon (a-Si) formed by the seed and anneal technique is studied. It is shown that the HSG grain size and depletion area around it increase with longer anneating time in the undoped case. In contrast, for the doped HSG, there does not appear to be any significant grain size difference between diff erent annealing times. This is due to the limitation of suiface diff usion together with the nucleation into the a-Si during annealing brought about by the. dopants. This phenomenon is particularly important in the optimization of HSG formation for future DRAM applications.


In this paper we propose an approach, based on structured analysis of online help-wanted advertisements (want ads),for producing low-cost, flexible and realtime estimates of innovative jobs by national, regional, and local levels. We show how this methodology can be used to analyze the geography of innovation in the UK. First we develop the basic procedures for the want-ad approach. Then using U.S. data, we show how the want-ad approach accurately tracks the distribution of computer and mathematical occupations across U.S. states. We then estimate the total number and the distribution of IT occupations, big data occupations, and medtech occupations in the United Kingdom. The paper ends with a discussion of how the want-ad approach can be used as a low-cost methodology for tracking innovative jobs, even on a very local level. We suggest it should be in the tool kit of any economic planning agency.


The beautiful Titius-Bode law (ξ=0.4+0.3×2^n ) discovered 250 years ago (in 1766), is considered to be a mathematical coincidence rather than an "exact" law, because it has not yet been physically proved. However, considering the disturbance restoration and the stability of the asteroid belt orbit, there must be some underlying logical necessity. Planetary orbits are often computed by Newtonian mechanics with the kinetic energy and the universal gravitation energy. However, applying the principle of energy-minimum to the Newtonian mechanics leads to the result that the stable orbital radius is only one value, which is totally incompatible with actual phenomena. This discrepancy must result from the shortage of elements which rule over the planetary orbits. Other elements to rule over the planetary orbits are the electric charge energy and the rotation energy, both of which are guided by the Kerr-Newman solution (discovered in 1965) of the general relativity theory (discovered in 1915). Here, I mathematically demonstrated the Titius-Bode law, and also calculated the number of Saturn's rings, maximum 31 and the radius of Fine-Ring, by applying the principle of energy-minimum of Newtonian methods to the complicated energy equation which adopts mass, electric charge and rotation elements of the central core star and solving sole differential equation.


The objective of the study was to explore parental experiences of being offered participation in a previous neonatal research study involving venepuncture. The method employed was a questionnaire-based exploration of parents' attitudes in those approached to participate in a study of term and preterm immunization responses (Preterm Immunisation Study [PREMIS]). We explored experience of the initial approach, knowledge of study, venepuncture and views on research 'in general'. In all, 59% of families responded. Highest response rates were for those participating in PREMIS (87% term/69% preterm) and lowest in decliners (34% and 35%). Responding parents participating in PREMIS were well informed, positive about research and did not find the venepuncture problematic. Sixty percent of responding parents who declined PREMIS attributed their declining to the need for venepuncture. In conclusion, parents participating or declining a neonatal study involving venepuncture are different, but participating parents were well informed and seemed able to judge that participation was right for them such that in consenting families venepuncture itself is not problematic.


................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements..................................................................................iv Vita.......................................................................................................v History of Mental Health Care, Stigmas, and Psychiatric Nursing............................1 The History of the Use of Psychedelic and Sedative Drug Treatments from the 1950's to the 1960's............................................................................................4 Current Research and Use of Psychedelic and Sedative Drug Treatments...................7 References............................................................................................11


Concern over whether the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry is truly committed to creating a registry that discloses doctors' financial relations with industry echoes US discussions on commercial conflicts of interest (COIs) before the Sunshine Act became law.1 The parallels are striking, including a fixation on the wrong problem.

For years …


The present research brings an analysis on the intervention of a federal government policy to the territorial development of Portal da Amazônia territory, that is formed by sixteen small towns, localized in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso. The interest of the theoretical approach of this thesis is to discuss about the way the governmental program appropriates the territory model, the elements and variables involved in this matter. On its performance, we researched the possible alterations that the insertion of the territorial approach brought to the social and environmental reality of the studied region, analyzing the adaptation elements of the social doers to that perspective. The data was obtained through documents and evaluation reports of the program on the period between 2003 and 2012, also by interviews with participants of the program, federal government and city government members and local inhabitants. The chosen methodology was the analysis of social networks to support the qualitative approach. To do so, some leaders of social organizations seated in two small towns of the territory were interviewed. The discussion was on the implementation of local Agendas 21 in the region, aiming to analyze the institutional arrangements that obtained the most satisfactory results. In case of a wider scale, as the territorial one, we concluded that the knowledge on the social dynamics and power networks could facilitate an intervention. On the federal government incentives perspective we concluded that, in the case of the analyzed territory, the agrarian sections do not have any highlights in the economy. Moreover, this diversity of economical activities is not contemplated by the federal development program. That fact suggests a reevaluation of the regions included in the program. The results reinforce the argument that the context of the formation of a population and the way the social dynamics develop are factors that must be better considered, in case of planning an intervention of the State to the democratic formation of a public policy development.


In generating models of vascular trees, the method of Constrained Constructive Optimization (CCO) draws on the assumption that optimization criterions can be utilized to derive the geometrical and structural features of the tree models, without using informations from topographic anatomy. The boundary conditions imposed describe pressures and flows at the inlet and outlets of the binary branching model tree as well as the ratios of radii at a bifurcation ("power-law" for bifurcations). During phylogenesis of species, bifurcation laws, tree geometry and tree topology have most likely been simultaneously optimized. In contrast, a supposed optimum form of bifurcation law is prescribed in the CCO-simulation, and geometry together with structure are optimized "within" that frame. It is shown that CCO trees optimized under different bifurcation laws initially show slightly different geometries but identical topological structures. At a certain stage of development, however, accumulated geometric deviations lead to changes in topology as a result of optimization. From there on we observe different "evolutionary paths" of tree development.


To improve the accuracy of critical clearing time (CCT) prediction model, an ensemble regression learning method is employed, and a CCT prediction method based on the ensemble extreme learning machine regression model is proposed. First, the static power flow values are utilized as the original feature set, and the least absolute shrinkage selection operator (Lasso) is used for determining the input features. The extreme learning machine, regarded as the base learner, is used to establish the mapping relationship between the input features and CCT value. On this basis, the AdaBoost.RT algorithm is employed as the ensemble regression learning framework to construct multiple base learners. When performing CCT prediction, the predicted values of each base learner are weight integration to obtain the final prediction result. Simulation results on New England 39-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


With the globalisation of the world's economies and ever-evolving financial structures, fraud has become one of the main dissipaters of government wealth and perhaps even a major contributor in the slowing down of economies in general. Although corporate residence fraud is known to be a major factor, data availability and high sensitivity have caused this domain to be largely untouched by academia. The current Belgian government has pledged to tackle this issue at large by using a variety of in-house approaches and cooperations with institutions such as academia, the ultimate goal being a fair and efficient taxation system. This is the first data mining application specifically aimed at finding corporate residence fraud, where we show the predictive value of using both structured and fine-grained invoicing data. We further describe the problems involved in building such a fraud detection system, which are mainly data-related (e.g. data asymmetry, quality, volume, variety and velocity) and deployment-related (e.g. the need for explanations of the predictions made).


Primary inoperable breast cancer is characterized by disease limited to the breast and local regions or tumors associated with disseminated disease. There may be a biological factor accounting for the difference in these initial manifestations of the cancer. Castration can be employed as an initial treatment in premenopausal women with primary inoperable breast cancers and disseminated disease. Estrogenic hormones produce significant regression of primary inoperable carcinomas in postmenopausal women and should be considered in the initial therapy of such patients despite the presence or absence of disseminated disease. Radiation therapy and/or surgery can be utilized as adjunctive therapies. The sequential use of these treatments may prolong survival.


the purpose of this paper was to study the kinematic and kinetic patterns of the golf swing when performed with different clubs: driver, five-iron and pitching-wedge, which provide different ball flies concerning distance, trajectory and accuracy. an amateur golf player (handicap eGa: 19.9; height: 172 cm; body mass: 70 kg; age: 60 years) performed six attempts with each club, with 2 min of rest between shots to prevent fatigue. Ground reaction forces were obtained by alternately placing each foot on a force platform while the subject hit golf balls on artificial turf in an indoor golf station. three force trials for each foot were recorded and subsequently averaged using the three clubs. simultaneous video records by three 50 hz digital video cameras allowed kinematical evaluation using Ariel Performance Analysis System (Ariel Dynamics Inc.). statistically significant differences were found among clubs considering club head velocity and ground reaction forces, particularly in what concerns weight transfer (Wt). the driver allowed to reach the higher club head velocities (growing with the length of the club), and was characterised by a "Front Foot'' style of Wt, in opposition to the other clubs that were characterised by a "reverse'' style. correspondência:
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To clarify solution mechanism of chromium carbide in TiC-Cr3C2 system, the compacts of carbide mixtures containing up to 12.5 mol% Cr3C2 embedded in carbon black were solution treated in vacuo at temperatures below melting point of Cr3C2.Changes in lattice parameter of δ phase were occurred at temperature not more than 1300°C, due to solution of any chromium carbide. At the same time, the formations of Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 were observed. At higher temperatures Cr3C2 was disappeared because of complete solution, and δ phase showed constant lattice parameter. On the other hand, Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 were vaporized from the bodies resulting increased weight loss. But small amount of them remain in the bodies even after complete solution of Cr3C2 into δ phase.It was confirmed from these results that the solute substance into δ phase in TiC-Cr3C2 system was cubic CrC. Approximate lattice parameter of CrC calculated based on the results was 3.88A.


CYBERNETICS is the science of management; and also in some senses the science of science. It contains the fundamental ingredients of what is needed for all of organization and planning. The word cybernetics applies to any sort of closed‐loop system, which is adaptive. Because some such systems are serious and important, while others are light‐hearted and trivial, cybernetics is misunderstood in many quarters. All this has created a sad state of affairs because cybernetics as applied to serious systems is the most important science of our times.


Within the framework of variational modelling we derive a one-phase moving boundary problem describing the motion of a semipermeable membrane enclosing a viscous liquid, driven by osmotic pressure and surface tension of the membrane. For this problem we prove the existence of classical solutions for a short-time.


Use of intravenous infusion of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate to treat acidosis in sick neonates has been associated with increased risk for


The extension problem is the question that for a satisfiable CNF formula F whether there exist a formula G such that F+G∈MU(1) with var(G)var(F).It is known that the problem of extending a Horn formula into a MU(1) formula is solvable in polynomial time.But for a general satisfiable CNF formula F,the extension problem is still open.In this paper we will present a algorithm which the complexity is polynomial time of O(n~4) to solve such a question.


This document describes the RoboCup@Home league team NimbRo of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany, for the competition to be held in Istanbul in July 2011. Our team uses self-constructed humanoid robots for object manipulation and intuitive multimodal communication with humans. The paper describes the mechanical and electrical design of our robots Cosero and Dynamaid. It also covers perception and behavior control.


The naturalistic view of good and evil developed by Hobbes has initiated the" Debate between Ancient and Modern Philosophical Ideas" in western political philosophical history and it reflects the inherent correlations through which his political philosophy and natural philosophy form a harmonious whole.Different from classical political philosophy,it argues that good is not the good constitutions of soul or flesh but continuance of the life activity for man as a living object.Individual good is an absolute value but that of public life can only be reached through the conventions among individuals.


It is generally assumed that all folktale characters are type characters because they are not fully portrayed, and normally, each is identified with just a single idea or quality. But this assumption is wrong because ideas about a particular character may be shared in many tales since the children for whom these tales were composed have a limit to the extent to which they can absorb ideas. This and more reasons are why the information about Dog is scattered in many tales. When these tales are studied, a lot of ideas can be gathered about the animal. These ideas trace the animal's early stage of living in the wild to its domestication through its eating habits, behaviour, physique, etc. These facts can also be seen in Igbo proverbs. In this way, this essay is of the view that characterization done on this mammal is so complete that the animal as it appears in Igbo folktales cannot be a type character.


As a suspension bridge, the Yangtze River Highway Bridge at Jiangyin has a main span of 1385m with a cable tower at its south bank and the height of the tower is 186.926m (tower peak level; 192.926m). The cable tower is of portal concrete frame structure composed of two lines of tower columns (including tower cap) and three beams. These columns keep their width across the bridge unchanged but inward inclined vertically with the slope of around 1/50. A uniform contraction is from the bottom to the top along the bridge with the slope of around 1/60. The construction period is 8 months with the cross section at the bottom of the column(6 m x 14. 5 m) , the cross section at the top(6 m x 10.0 m) , the cross section of the tower cap(6 m x 11 m). According to the characteristics of the construction of the south cable tower, this paper illustrates the whole process of construction with the construction technology of climbing form as its emphasis.


Franklin Zimring (1988), a consistently skeptical social observer, discussing these local advocacy groups says, ",. the mobilization by the groups] of public opinion has been partially responsible for the increased prominence of drunk driving as a public policy issue" (p. 374), and goes on to say, "My guess is that citizen action groups are a more important explanation [than others] of the passage of legislation in the 1980s" (p. 380). Finally, Mark Wolfson (1988) concluded in his systematic evaluation of the effects of local advocacy that the efforts of these groups positively affected State legislative initiatives and "may have [had] some influence on fatalities" (p. 9).


Calcaneous tendon is one of the most damaged tendons, and its healing may last from weeks to months to be completed. In the search after speeding tendon repair, low intensity laser therapy has shown favorable effect. To assess the effect of low intensity laser therapy on the process of tissue repair in calcaneous tendon after undergoing a partial lesion.


The purpose of this research is to study financial risk, product risk, privacy risk, and convenience risk influence on internet buying behaviour with trust as moderator. For this purpose, data were gathered from students that are studying in HEC recognized universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Five hundred fifty questionnaires were used for analysis by using the partial least square equation modeling technique. Outcomes reveal that financial risk, product risk, and privacy risk significantly decrease online shopping behavior. Trust significantly enhances online shopping behaviour. Trust moderates between (product risk, privacy risk, and convenience risk) and online shopping behaviour. This research is the pioneering research that tests the moderating role of trust between financial risk, product risk, privacy risk, convenience risk, and internet buying behaviour by using TPB theory and SET theory. This study gathered data approximately exogenous constructs and endogenous constructs at a same time by using questionnaire. Thus, there is a chance that CMB occurs that disturb the whole data (Kraus et al. 2020). Since the data was composed through a single basis, thus, primary test the matter of CMB by following the recommendation of Kock and Lynn (2012), and Kock (2015). Few of the researchers suggested to use some procedural remedies to reduce CMB influence (Kraus et al. 2020; Podsakoff, MacKenzie & Podsakoff 2012). First, to avoid this problem, the researchers give assurance to respondents that their evidence is in the safe indicators then one can without your permission (Kraus et al. 2020). Second, CMB error should reduce when researchers give guarantee to defendants that questionnaires is written in easy wording, free from errors, and not lengthy questions (Podsakoff et al. 2012). This study followed single factor CMB and results demonstrates that of total variance that is less than 50% (Podsakoff & Organ 1986).Therefore, there is no issue of CMB in data. This study developed a theoretical framework with the help of TPB theory and SET theory. As TPB theory does not covers risks and trust that is why SET theory uses as supporting theory. The finding of the current study is in line with SET theory as trust mitigates the relationship between risks and online shopping behaviors. Out of four moderating hypotheses, only one hypothesis not supported and remaining three hypotheses accepted as SET theory tells. Prior studies ignore risks and trust by using TPB theory and SET theory. Moreover, this study significantly contributes to the literature on financial risk, product risk, privacy risk, convenience risk, trust, and online shopping behavior. In Pakistan, only 3% of consumers purchase goods online and this is an ignorant area, and there is a need to study in this area. Therefore, the current research overcomes a few of the issues that have an influence on online shopping behavior. Finally, except H 4 and H 6 all the hypotheses accepted and consistent with SET and TPB theory. Thus, the future researchers can see H 4 and H 6 again in different context to know the results that match with SET theory or not.


This review is focused upon the role of coenzyme Q10 in male infertility in the light of a broader issue of oxidative damage and antioxidant defence in sperm cells and seminal plasma. Reactive oxygen species play a key pathogenetic role in male infertility besides having a well‐recognized physiological function. The deep involvement of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its antioxidant properties are at the basis of its role in seminal fluid. Following the early studies addressing its presence in sperm cells and seminal plasma, the relative distribution of the quinone between these two compartments was studied in infertile men, with special attention to varicocele. The reduction state of CoQ10 in seminal fluid was also investigated.


We use spectral analysis of Eulerian and Lagrangian dynamics to study the advective mixing in an incompressible 2D bounded cavity flow. A significant property of such a rotational flow at high Reynolds numbers is that mixing in its core is slower than wall-adjacent areas and corner eddies. We explain this property by considering the resonance between frequencies of unsteady motion -- captured by the Koopman spectral analysis of the velocity field -- and the circulation frequency of Lagrangian tracers in the mean flow. In high-Reynolds rotational 2D flows, the vorticity in the rotational core is uniformly distributed, which leads to uniform distribution of circulation periods in the mean flow, i.e., the kinematics in the core of mean flow is like rigid-body rotation. When this ``rigid" core is exposed to velocity fluctuations arising from bifurcations at high Reynolds, it shows more resilience toward resonance in Lagrangian motion and hence mixes more slowly compared to other areas. We also show how our qualitative resonance argument extends to chaotic flows where the classical tools of dynamical systems are not applicable.


Jansen and Hes - correcting an earlier paper of Dou- glas and Kroll - have derived a (pseudo-)relativistic energy expres- sion which is very successful in describing heavy atoms. It is an ap- proximate no-pair Hamiltonian in the Furry picture. We show that their energy in the one-particle Coulomb case, and thus the resulting self-adjoint Hamiltonian and its spectrum, is bounded from below for ®Z · 1.006.


Studies of collective trauma and disasters emphasize the importance of psychiatric screening and evaluation after the event (Duckworth, 1986; Dyregrov, 1989; McFarlane, 1986; Salomon and Benbenishty, 1986). Hostages are often exposed to extreme psychological and physical violence (Allodi, 1994; Hill


We prove that in finite dimensions, a Parity-Time (PT)-symmetric Hamiltonian is necessarily pseudo-Hermitian regardless of whether it is diagonalizable or not. This result is different from Mostafazadeh's, which requires the Hamiltonian to be diagonalizable. PT-symmetry breaking often occurs at exceptional points where the Hamiltonian is not diagonalizable. Our result implies that PT-symmetry breaking is equivalent to the onset of instabilities of pseudo-Hermitian systems, which was systematically studied by Krein et al. in 1950s. In particular, we show that the mechanism of PT-symmetry breaking is the resonance between eigenmodes with different Krein signatures.


Indonesia as an archipelago has thousands of islands, with five biggest islands; Sumatera, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya. The increase of population in the urban area influences the number of the building, which consequently effects the building coverage. By its conditions, the changing of land use is happened; the decrease of forest to agriculture area, agriculture to non-agriculture i.e. residential area grows too fast. Indonesian forest as part of the forest of South East Asia has important function in making stable the global climate. Forest burnt, exploration with large scale, and other damages of tropical rain forest influences the global climate. Architecture and urban design have some problems in the tropical area especially Indonesia. The use of natural building materials i.e. timber for building construction by large scale causes the decrease of the forest. In addition, the use of asphalt for road construction causes the decrease of the water catchment area. The urban water conservation would be disturbed. Nowadays we have a big question; what kind of architecture is suitable for solving the problems? Even in Java Island, the changing of land use has to serious problems. The people need solution for solving the problems. Eco architecture is one of the ways for solving the problems. In the urban area, the use of urban forest is necessary to be applied. Road construction needs the sustainable materials. Housing and other facilities need sustainable technology. Some research topics maybe described are: sustainable architecture and urban design, sustainable landscape architecture, eco architecture for design of the building, sustainable materials for the building construction, using the recycled materials for the building elements, and energy conservation as a building design concept. Eco Architecture is suitable as one of Design Research in Indonesia, which is hoped to solve the problems.


The aim of this case study was to investigate how children in one school in Ghana interacted with their peers and used playground space within their play. The data was collected through video recorded observations in a range of contexts. Two videos were analysed for each research question against associated literature. This study identified that although play is a universal characteristic, it varies due to influences such as cultural norms and so it should be observed from an unrestricted viewpoint. Ghana is a community culture in which touch is part of normative social values; this was evident throughout. Children were tactile in using space effectively and played collaboratively in close proximity to each other.


the values against which they were assessed (taxes per $100 of value) rose more rapidly than did taxes per acre. The 1929 levies per $100 of 4 true * value were 116 per cent higher than in 1913. From 1929 through 1932 taxes per acre declined but farm real estate values declined more rapidly. Thus taxes per $100 continued to rise, until on the 1932 levy they stood 173 per cent higher than in 1913, and 26 per cent higher than in 1929. By 1933 the decline in farm real estate values ceased, and a moderate increase began. This resulted in a decrease in taxes per $100, which for 1933 and 1934 combined amounted to 26 per cent of the 1932 level." Elimination of the farm and


[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Thanks to the «wave radar» developed by TU Delft researcher Peter Naaijen, everyone at sea can see whether they will be hit by dangerous waves in the next five minutes and how their vessel will respond to this. Retrieved and compiled from the news of TU Delft of October 6, 2017. Original source : https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2017/tu-delft/new-wave-radar-predicts-exactly-when-it-is-dangerous-at-sea/ .


The utility model discloses a wireless ultrasonic shoal detector, comprising a host part and an ultrasonic sensor part. The host part is provided with a CPU and a wireless receiving device; and the ultrasonic sensor part is provided with a single chip microcomputer and a wireless transmitting device, and the ultrasonic sensor part which emits and receives a shoal signal processes the detected data into a wireless signal which is then emitted out via a wireless transmitting device; and a wireless receiving device which is adapted with the wireless transmitting device transmits the received data to the CPU, and the received data is display via the host. The utility model can realize data exchange from the sensor to the host rapidly, which can be widely used in various fishing vessels.


This paper introduced the integrated resource management system, using the CORBA technology, the author also analyzed the TMF184 protocol. The adapter is designed to transfer the general protocol interface information into a private one. Therefore, the configuration data and alarm data can be send from multi-manufacturers network management center. Moreover, one electrical communication network can manage more than one manufacturer sub-class network management system simultaneously. Finally, some implementation methods about dispatching the network configuration data as well as the alarm information from a multi-manufacturers network management center are given in following chapters. These configuration data can be stored as the original data in the resource management system for further usages.


The Rail operating systems are needed highly reliability and safety for effective and sound train operation. Foe this reason, the real-time monitoring and surveillance is a one of the most important parts in rail system. Especially effective monitoring need in the maintenance side.
In this study, we will show a economic and effective approach for real-time monitoring on Web. This approach perform to display data on real-time base without any additional chargeable S/W.


White spaces promise to revolutionize the way wireless connectivity is delivered over wide areas. However, large-scale white space networks face the problem of allocating channels to multiple contending users in the wide white space band. To tackle the issue, we first examine wireless propagation in a long-distance outdoor white space testbed and find that a complex combination of free-space loss and antenna effects impacts transmission in white spaces. Thus, a need arises for a strategy that goes beyond simple channel utilization balancing, and uses frequency probing to profile channels according to their propagation properties. We devise VillageLink, a Gibbs sampling-based method that optimizes channel allocation in a distributed manner with a minimum number of channel switching events. Through extensive simulations we demonstrate that VillageLink results in a significant capacity improvement over alternative solutions.


Beginning from the founder of Impressionist music Claude Achille Debussy's art song, "Green", borrowing related music theory knowledge, the thesis analyzes the lyrics of works, melody lines, harmonic language and piano accompaniment, and other aspects, with a aim of en- hancing the awareness of art songs by Debussy, features, and some ref- erence valuable to the vocal music learners.


Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on the osteogenic activities of human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2. Methods SaOS-2 cells were exposed to rhBMP-2 for 12,24,48 h at 0(control) ,2,20,200 μg/L, respectively. The mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and bone gla(BCP) were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results The mRNA expression of ALP and BGP of SaOS-2 cells increased gradually with rhBMP-2. The mRNA expression of ALP of the 20 μg/L group exposed for 48 h(1.60 ± 0.64), and the 200 μg/L group exposed for 12,48 h(1.70 ± 0.41, 1.80±0.19) were significantly higher than those of control (12 h: 0.80±0.25, 48 h: 0.74±0.21, allP<0.05). The mRNA expression of BGP of the 2 μg/L group exposed for 24 h(1.67 ± 0.33), the 20 μg/L group exposed for 12,24 h(2.42 ± 0.13,1.82 ± 0.14) and the 200 μg/L group exposed for 12,24 h(1.46 ± 0.11,1.24 ± 0.07) were significantly higher than those of control( 12 h: 1.01 ± 0.14, 24 h: 0.84 ± 0.12, all P< 0.05). Conclusions rhBMP-2 can promote the mRNA expression of ALP and BGP of SaOS-2 cells. They have a dose-response relationship, but represent a different dose-response effect.

Key words:
Bone morphogenetic proteins;  Osteogenesis;  Alkaline phosphatase;  Osteocalcin


The "Chinese Model" is a heated discussion in the academic field home and abroad.The authors have an in-depth discussion on the implication and connotation of the "Chinese Model" as well as discriminate or clarify all kinds of misunderstanding and distortion.They point out that the "Chinese Model" is rich in economy,politics,culture,society and many other elements.In terms of economy,it shapes "four-main-type economical system",in political construction,it has the framework of "three unity and four systems";in culture building,it has the structure of "one system and five main subjects";in society development,it has the general pattern of "three interaction and five systems".The "Chinese Model" has been quite mature,which has great value as reference for the development of nation,in its process,it is faced with severe challenge.


Objective To explore the hearing changes in seamen exposed to oceangoing vessel noise.Methods A hygienic investigation of workplaces was carried out in oceangoing vessel,and the results of hearing examination in 1 663 noise exposed mariners were compared with controls.Results The intensities in 96 noise points were measured and 32 points (33.3% ) exceeded the national hygienic standard,with the noise intensity of 52.0 ~ 102.5 dB(A).Mariners exposed to noise had a significantly higher abnormal rate (3.2%) of hearing than that of the controls ( 1.4% ) ,(P0.01).And hearing damage increased with the length of service,especially in those working for more than 10 years.Conclusions Long - term exposure to oceangoing vessel intensity noise could effect hearing in seamen.


In this report we present a new approach to simulations on complex shaped domains. The method uses a Discontinuous Galerkin discretization and a structured grid to construct the test and trial functions. Boundary and transmission conditions along the complex shape of the domains are imposed weakly via the Discontinuous Galerkin formulation. This method o ers a discretization where the minimal number of unknowns is independent of the possibly very complicated shape of the domain.


Most models of duopolies with a spatial dimension refer to the 'linear' or 'circular' city. Moreover, in duopoly models with innovations, the spatial dimension is usually dropped. We bridge this gap by constructing a model with two regions, each hosting production of a differentiated quality (high and low quality). In addition, consumers are heterogeneous with different willingness to pay for quality. The analysis focuses on the incentives for process innovations which affect the unit cost of production. The model is used to analyze two common trends in the urbanization process and their effects on the incentive for process innovations. The first is increased transportation costs and worsened interregional accessibility (the result is reversed for a decrease in transportation costs). We find that such changes increase the amount of process R&D more in the region producing a low-quality good than in the region producing a high-quality good. Second, we examine the effect on optimal process R&D of moving consumers from the region producing low-quality goods to the region producing high-quality goods. This lowers the optimal amount of process R&D undertaken in the region producing the low-quality good, while it is raised in the other region.


Purpose: Homeless children are more likely to have social skills deficits relative to same aged peers and may benefit from a social skills intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the Let's Be Social application with the addition of behavioral skills training (BST) to teach social skills to children who were homeless. Method: This study used a multiple baseline across behaviors design to evaluate the effects of the iPad application and BST for teaching three social skills to three participants. Results: Participants did not demonstrate increases in targeted social skills after the introduction of the application, but social skills did increase after BST was added. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the application needs to be paired with BST in order to see improvement and maintenance in social skills. Future downloadable applications might consider including features that are similar to BST to assist in teaching social skills.


e21543Background: Approx. 5% of melanoma-associated brain tumor cases also develop LMDz. Patients with LMDz have devastating survival outcome, and currently there is no effective treatment. The aim...


Household slavery was very common with both aristocratic and ordinary houses in the Han Dynasties,probably owing to the fact of the purchasing and selling of slaves had become a common phenomenon since the Period of Warring States.To explore deeper,we may find that the big amount of slaves was resulted from the common bankruptcy brought about by the instability of yeomanry economy. Slaves were usually registered under the houses of their masters as private properties,breaking away from national household control,which meant an evasion of national revenue.Nevertheless,in spite of the big amount of slaves kept in ancient Chinese societies,identification of their nature as slavery system isn't accurate in interpreting their attributes.


Objective: development and validation of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test kit for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acids (RNA) qualitative detection adapted for using with automated station for RNA extraction.Material and methods. Assessment of clinical performance was carried out on biological samples (nasal and oropharyngeal swabs and sputum) obtained during the diagnostic procedure. The presence of novel coronavirus RNA was established using a reference kit. Sensitivity was evaluated on standard SARS-CoV-2 sample (EDX SARS-CoV-2 Standard, Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA).Results. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected by two genome regions. Sensitivity determined by testing SARS-CoV-2 standard was 250 copies/ml. Coefficient of variation during the testing of samples with the concentration of 104 copies/ml did not exceed 5% in different conditions. Diagnostic sensitivity against reference test was 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 95.6–100) for nasal and oropharyngeal swabs and 100% (95% CI 94.8–100) for sputum. Diagnostic specificity was 100% (95% CI 95.6–100) for nasal and oropharyngeal swabs and 100% (95% CI 94.8–100) for sputum. The turnaround time for test from RNA extraction till obtaining results was about 3 hours when testing 96 samples using automated stations for RNA extraction.Conclusion. Using the kit together with automated station for RNA extraction will increase laboratory testing capacity in pandemic conditions.


By definition, neuromuscular diseases are rare and fluctuating in terms of symptoms; patients are often lately diagnosed, do not have enough information to understand their condition and be proactive in their management. Usually, insufficient resources or services are available, leading to patients' social burden. From a medical perspective, the rarity of such diseases leads to the unfamiliarity of the medical staff and caregiver and an absence of consensus in disease assessment, treatment, and management. Innovations have to be developed in response to patients' and physicians' unmet needs. It is vital to improve several aspects of patients' quality of life with a better comprehension of their disease, simplify their management and follow-up, help their caregiver, and reduce the social and economic burden for living with a rare debilitating disease. Database construction regrouping patients' data and symptoms according to specific country registration on data privacy will be critical in establishing a clear consensus on neuromuscular disease treatment. Clinicians also need technological innovations to help them recognize neuromuscular diseases, find the best therapeutic approach based on medical consensus, and tools to follow patients' states regularly. Diagnosis also has to be improved by implementing automated systems to analyze a considerable amount of data, representing a significant step forward to accelerate the diagnosis and the patients' follow up. Further, the development of new tools able to precisely measure specific outcomes reliably is of the matter of importance in clinical trials to assess the efficacy of a newly developed compound. In this context, creation of an expert community is essential to communicate and share ideas. To this end, 97 clinicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, and representatives of private companies from 9 different countries met to discuss the new perspective and challenges to develop and implement innovative tools in the field of neuromuscular diseases.


Following the case of the documentation of state terrorism by civil society during the last military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990), and deepening the re-conceptualization of archives triggered by the recent "archival turn", this paper describes our proposal of including another scale and level of examination in the research on (human rights) archives. This proposal opens up the space for examining documenting practices and products, artefacts and technical resources that mediate their production, and the acts of transposition that re-inscribe what is enunciated in future times and different arenas. In parallel, and against conventional understandings of archives as technologies of governmentality, we propose that archives can also become technologies of resistance.


Abstract Let S(m, M) be the set of functions regular and satisfying │zf′(z)/f(z) – m│< M in │z│ <1, where│m –│ <M;≦ m; and let S*(p) be the set of starlike functions of order p, 0≦ p <1. In this paper we obtain integral operators which map S(m, M) into S(mM) and S* (p) × S(mM) into S*(p). Our results improve and generalize many recent results.


It was the experience of the present writer in June 1973 to not only complete a two year period of research into Australian cartographic history but to deliver talks upon this theme to the N.S.W. Workers Educational Association and to the Australian Institute of Cartographers (N.S.W. Division). Further, with the assistance of generous grants from corporate bodies and private organizations, it has been possible to publish this research, albeit as a limited number of copies for distribution to certain libraries in Australia and overseas, The interest shown by those who attended the talks and supported the publication made clear the need to expand upon the theme so that a more complete understanding may become available to practising cartographers seeking to broaden their knowledge and to students engaging in geography or history dissertations.


Objective: Studies demonstrated that 5‐10% of preschool children have visual impairment. By age seven, up to 13% of children will have some defect in visual acuity. Both prematurity and low birth weight have been associated with an increased incidence of ophthalmic disorders. In this study we determined prevalence of visual impairment in low birth weight and normal birth weight school age children in Mashhad. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. The target population consisted of all children referred to educational organizations for screening before entering school in Mashhad, Iran. 2400 children enrolled in the study and were evaluated for amblyopia, refractive errors, color vision disturbance and optic nerve problems. Data were analyzed by SPSS.


This artical pre-estimate Human Provincial cereals output and population, it estimate the situation of cereal supply and demand in 2005 and 2020 year on the basis of overage population scheme and cereals output of high investment. It pre-estinated the population load capacity in different investment and consumerism. It devided the provincial districts into surplus areas and marginal areas according to the population load capacity index. In the end of the artical it proposed countermeasures to coordinate the relation of man and land, and to increase the population load capacity. This article can provide reference in policy-making of population, agriculture and cereals, and coordinate the relation of man and land in Human Province and such areas in Chinn.


An all-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer was made using intracore Bragg grating reflectors fabricated with the side exposure technique.1 This method provides a new and relatively easy way to make such an interferometer that can be used in dense WDM communications. Fiber Bragg reflectors made to date with this technique have spectral bandwidths ranging from 0.1 to 1 nm at the communications band wavelengths for corresponding grating lengths of 15 to 1.5 mm. Reflectivities approaching 100% have been achieved in high germania-doped commercial fibers. Measured fiber grating losses at these wavelengths do not exceed about 0.13%.


A simple and convenient coprecipitation approach for the preparation of Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2 composite oxides has been studied.The method,based on the coprecipitation of an aqueous solution of metal salts at stoichiometric ratio by ammonia,followed by filtration,washing and calcination,leads to the formation of single cubic Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2 solid solution with high thermal stability at 550℃.TEM and XRD observations show that the diameter of the Ce_(0.65)Zr_(0.35)O_2 powder particles is 4~6 nm and D_(111) is 5.8 nm.BET measurement shows the powder particles have high specific surface area of 91.26m~2·g~(-1) after calcination at 550℃ for 2h,more than 32 m~2·g~(-1) after aging at 1000℃ for 2h)and high thermal stability.


According to this volume, European expansion to the New World and to Asia, was one of the most important events in modern economic history according to Karl Marx. The contributions in this volume to the discussion of productivity in shipping fall into two large categories. The first group examines specific places and periods, outlining the practices prevailing under certain regimes. The second group deals with the sources of productivity gains. To support the conclusion that expansion and rising productivity in shipping was the critical factor in economic growth from 1350 to 1850, the first step was to establish that there was considerable expansion in the shipping sector. The second step is to demonstrate that whatever productivity gains there were in the sector were greater than or superior to those in other sectors. The third step is to explore the principal sources of productivity gain. Keywords: economic growth; European expansion; productivity gains; Shipping


A pattern forming material contains a block copolymer or graft copolymer and forms a structure having micro polymer phases, in which, with respect to at least two polymer chains among polymer chains constituting the block copolymer or graft copolymer, the ratio between N/(Nc-No) values of monomer units constituting respective polymer chains is 1.4 or more, where N represents total number of atoms in the monomer unit, Nc represents the number of carbon atoms in the monomer unit, No represents the number of oxygen atoms in the monomer unit.


The kinetic crystallization model of Avrami is generally accepted as a starting point for the analysis of isothermal polymer crystallization. It is shown in this paper that, in the case of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics with constant heating or cooling rates, an apparent m-order reaction model is approximately equivalent to the nucleation and growth model of Avrami in the vicinity of the inflection points of the corresponding crystallization curves. Since the apparent m-order reaction model is defined for every real, positive apparent reaction-order m, a distinct Avrami index n, which is valid for the characterization of isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization experiments with constant heating or cooling rates, can always be related to any apparent reaction-order m. Therefore, two types of Avrami master curves, which are dependent merely on the Avrami index n and which describe the isothermal polymer crystallization thoroughly, can be obtained by performing non-isothermal experiments with constant heating or cooling rates.


Experimental studies in ten anaesthetised rabbits suggest that oesophageal-transpulmonary pressure ratios can be correlated with trends in lung compliance during IPPV. The relevance and limitations of this technique are discussed as an alternative method of lung compliance measurement in the sick neonate.


Paul Metzger is professor of theology and theology of culture at Multnomah Bible Seminary. His book is somewhat parallel to James Sire's The Universe Next Door in that it displays various non-Christians religions one may encounter, especially in North America. It is, however, useful quite apart from a book like Sire's because Metzger places the encounter in a larger context. The four chapters that make up part I, A Relational–Incarnational Approach, introduce the field of apologetics as an endeavor of friends and the church. Part II, An Engagement of Diverse Traditions, consists of chapters 6–12 and deals with eight belief systems one may encounter. Among them are the expected Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism; but unexpected are Mormonism, Nietzschean atheism, and Neo-Paganism. Metzger proposes approaches with individuals who are involved in each of the groups. Part III, An Engagement of Hot Topics, is made up of chapters 14–18 and deals with common ideologies embraced by modern culture. The religious pluralist ("all roads lead to Rome"), Hell, modern science and religion, homosexuality and marriage, and the perception that Evangelicals are either "nice though naïve," or religious fascists. All of these perceptions and ideologies Metzger regards as hindrances to meaningful apologetics and must be addressed. Perhaps the most unique feature of Metzger's work is Part IV (chapters 19–26), which consists of responses to the author's approaches in Part II. The responses come from representatives of the religious groups addressed: Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and so forth. This component of the book goes beyond most apologetics books and strikes modern younger readers as fair-minded and irenic. This is not a book for the long-term missionary who plans to work in countries where these religions predominate. More specialized works will be needed. Christians in North American campus situations, workers with outreach-oriented churches, and individuals who talk about their faith will find this work very useful.


SUMMARY Calcium and magnesium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in acid digests of normal rat livers, and of livers and tumors from rats bearing the "minimum-deviation" Morris Hepatoma 5123 tc implanted subcutaneously. Water and nitrogen contents were also determined. Measure ments were made on whole tissue, as well as on parenchyma. The hepatoma contained 79% water versus 71% in normal liver; the proportion of nitrogen in the solid matter of the tumor was higher than normal, indicating a decrease in non-nitrogenous compo nents, presumably glycogen and lipids. On either wet or dry weight basis, the hepatoma contained at least 100% more calcium and 25% more magnesium than normal liver. The calcium content appeared to increase progressively with in creasing age of the tumor. These results would not be anticipated on the basis of Coman's hypothesis that decreased adhesiveness of cancer cells is the result of decreased Ca++-binding ability of the cell membranes. However, they are not necessarily in conflict with it. The observed calcium accumulation in the tumor may be intracellular, perhaps by formation of calcium-citrate complexes. Host liver contained slightly, but significantly, more calcium than normal liver. This is taken to indicate an indirect metabolic effect of the tumor upon the host liver. desiccated over according to the method of Middleton and Stuckey absorption spectrophotometer The


1. The Tendency We live in a time where the media, politicians, NGOs and activists increasingly are preoccupied with international tax matters. A simultaneous preoccupation is observed among the OECD, G20, EU countries and most other developed countries alike. This has led to continuously increasing regulatory requirements and strengthened legislation towards companies. The tendency is clear – we are moving towards full transparency in tax matters, including information on taxes paid. Moreover, fairness in taxation or fair share taxation has become the buzzword of current times among certain policy makers. In sum it is fair to say that taxes are moving up the political and societal agenda.


The utility model provides a pomacea canaliculata egg mass inducing collector which comprises a cylindrical egg bed and support legs, wherein pomacea canaliculata toll bait can be fixed on the cylindrical egg bed; the cylindrical egg bed has a head which can be exposed above the water level; and the support legs are arranged under the cylindrical egg bed. The utility model can be used for inducing the pomacea canaliculata for centralized egg laying, is suitable for the dynamic monitoring of the egg laying of the pomacea canaliculata and the centralized treatment and killing of the egg mass, and can be used for monitoring, prediction and integrated control of the Pomacea canaliculata. The utility model has the advantages of simple use method and convenient manufacture, and is convenient for popularized application to wide rural areas.


Abstract: An almost ideal case study of what happens when an assertion of status meets an act of symbolic violence, the publication of Rufus Griswold's The Poets and Poetry of America and its review by John Forster in the Foreign Quarterly Review also reveals some of the heuristic limitations of Pierre Bourdieu's Distinction. Due, in part, to key historical and cultural differences between 1960s France and 1840s Anglo-America, Bourdieu's overdetermined materialism fully accounts for neither the complex of motives perceptible in Forster's response to Griswold nor the epistemological uncertainty of class, status, and culture in Victorian England.


Wideband electric field and dE/dt waveforms were recorded and digitized at a 100 MS/s rate at KSC during the summer and fall of 1989. These waveforms were combined to produce composite electric fields with an effective bandwidth of 3 to 50 MHz. Bipolar electric field pulses are characterized in terms of their E and dE/dt waveshapes. Half width mean durations were found to be 1.83 and 3.64 microseconds for negative and positive bipolar pulses respectively. Twenty of thirty of these pulses were found to occur independently of any other lightning activity. Analysis of the frequency content of these pulses as a function of time shows that radiation at different frequencies peak at different times. In addition to the initial peak and subsequent overshoot in the composite E waveshape, secondary humps following the initial peak are characterized according to their time of occurrence within the pulse. THe 156 narrow negative bipolar pulses and 10 positive narrow bipolar pulses are analyzed. The dE/dt signatures range from impulsive variations lasting several microseconds both before and after the initial peak of the electric field pulse, to smoother variations closely associated with peak.


In this paper, we investigate the design of controllers for the positioning and damping of flexible beams. The approach taken has previously been shown to be effective in the design of controllers for the positioning and active damping of spring-mass systems. The control design is based on open-loop positioning followed by closed-loop control for damping. By so doing, it is possible to avoid a conflicting requirements problem associated with traditional state variable feedback design. The open-loop portion of the control is based on optimal control theory, which allows for control saturation. In particular, during this phase of the control, the time to position is minimized. This results in a bang-bang type of control, which is distributed among some "redundant" controllers to allow for flexible mode suppression. Once the beam has been "positioned," the controller switches to a closed-loop phase. The particular closed-loop control used here is based on energy methods and is not a full state variable feedback design. The method is illustrated using a free-free beam example, and the results are compared with a linear system/quadratic cost control design.


Adhya Tirta Batam (ATB) is entrusted as clean water provider in Batam Island based on 25 Year concession of Batam Industrial Development Authority (now BP Batam). The purpose of this research is to analyze ATB mobile application in providing clean water service in Batam City. This research is a descriptive with qualitative approach. The focus of this research is the application of ATB mobile viewed from publications, interactions and transactions point of views. The results show this android-based mobile applications which can be downloaded from the Google Play Store by customers can be used as a mean to obtain information: payment locations, loggers, complaints, water usage charts, bill info, and information. The reason behind the availability of 6 (six) features because the information is the most basic or essential needed by the community. There is only one feature which gives a brief description of its usefulness, it is the feature information. Practically, this application is not so difficult to use and can be accessed anytime and anywhere as long as connected to the internet network. Viewing from the main classes of e-government, this application is equipped with a class of publications, they are feature information, payment locations, loggers, water usage graphics and bill info and interaction which is in complaint features. Relating to the the transfer of money from one party to another in transactions feature, shall be be equipped with a good security system so that the customers are comfortable and safe to make any transfer. Yet currently ATB Mobile Application has not provided such activity because it has not been equipped with a transaction tool which can guarantee the security of customers in the transaction.


INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to investigate the evidence for positive predictive value (PPV) of alarm symptoms and combinations of symptoms for colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer in general practice.

METHODS
This study is based on a literature search performed in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane database and at ClinicalTrials.gov in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The main outcome measure used was PPV.

RESULTS
A total of 16 eligible studies were identified. The intervals in the brackets refer to the variation of the results in the studies. Colorectal cancer: The PPV of "rectal bleeding" was high for patients > 60 years (6.6-21.2%), but much lower in younger age groups. For "change in bowel habits" and "significant general symptoms", the PPV was 3.5-8.5%. Breast cancer: "Palpable suspected tumour" was well supported (8.1-24%). No studies on the predictive value of "pitting of the skin", "papil-areola eczema/ulceration" and "suspect axillary lymph nodes" were found. Prostate cancer: One study showed a high PPV for positive rectal examination (12%). The value for "lower urinary tract symptoms" was low (1.0-3.0%). PPV for "perianal pain" and "haemospermia" were not found. Lung cancer: For "haemoptysis" the PPV increased from 8.4 in patients aged 55 years to 20.4 at the age of > 85 years. PPV for "cough", "pain in the thorax", "dyspnoea" and "general symptoms" were low (0.4-1.1%). Using a new algorithm that estimates the PPV of combinations of symptoms and risk factors, a higher PPV may be achieved.

CONCLUSION
A few of the alarm symptoms show a high PPV, whereas the PPV for some symptoms currently remains unknown. To improve the GPs' diagnostic judgment, a new algorithm for calculating the PPV for combinations of symptoms and risk factors seems promising.


[1] This paper presents the aerosol modeling now part of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). It includes new prognostic variables for the mass of sea salt, dust, organic matter and black carbon, and sulphate aerosols, interactive with both the dynamics and the physics of the model. It details the various parameterizations used in the IFS to account for the presence of tropospheric aerosols. Details are given of the various formulations and data sets for the sources of the different aerosols and of the parameterizations describing their sinks. Comparisons of monthly mean and daily aerosol quantities like optical depths against satellite and surface observations are presented. The capability of the forecast model to simulate aerosol events is illustrated through comparisons of dust plume events. The ECMWF IFS provides a good description of the horizontal distribution and temporal variability of the main aerosol types. The forecastonly model described here generally gives the total aerosol optical depth within 0.12 of the relevant observations and can therefore provide the background trajectory information for the aerosol assimilation system described in part 2 of this paper.


Sandwich element for the sound-insulating lining in the interior of transport network comprises: a honeycomb core layer (3), which has a bilaterally arranged cover layer, in which at least one of these layers is perforated; and an open-pored sound absorber element within the honeycomb cells. The absorber element is formed by coagulation of a polymer solution in the precipitation bath, which limits in situ in the cavity which is open at the top. The web walls are carried laterally by the honeycomb cells. The polymer precipitation is carried out in the precipitation bath. Sandwich element for the sound-insulating lining in the interior of transport network comprises: a honeycomb core layer (3), which has a bilaterally arranged cover layer, in which at least one of these layers is perforated; and an open-pored sound absorber element within the honeycomb cells. The absorber element is formed by coagulation of a polymer solution in the precipitation bath, which limits in situ in the cavity which is open at the top. The web walls are carried laterally by the honeycomb cells. The polymer precipitation is carried out in the precipitation bath, and a solid polymer network of the open pore sound absorber element is made from asymmetric intercommunicating open pore and capillary structure in the sound absorber element.


An E || B End Loss Ion Spectrometer (ELIS) from the Livermore TMX-U tandem mirror experiment was installed on Tara for high resolution ion spectroscopy. This diagnostic contains parallel electric and magnetic fields, separating the masses and energies of the ions over 128 collector plates. The ion energy distribution nominally yields confining potentials and parallel ion temperatures. Additional experiments have diagnosed the resonance position of the central cell ion cyclotron heating, RF enhanced losses of high energy sloshing ions in the axicell ("plug"), and observation of MHD instabilities at higher time resolution (20 kHz).


The advantages of the presented protocol are mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and the tolerance of various functional groups.


Introduction: What is Value Leadership? 1. Where Do You Stand? (Start With the Value Quotient). 2. People Matter (Value Human Relationships). 3. Two Heads are Better Than One (Foster Teamwork). 4. Growth Matters (Experiment Frugally). 5. Trust is Vital (Fulfill Your Commitments). 6. Success Can Breed Failure (Fight Complacency). 7. Profit Is Vital (Win Through Multiple Means). 8. Doing Good Matters (Give to Your Community). 9. Actions Speak Louder Than Words (Instill Value Leadership in Executives, Investors, and Policymakers). Appendix: Selection and VQ Analysis of Value Leaders. Notes. Acknowledgments. The Author. Index.


The effect of surface-active substances (surfactants) on the state of water in clay was studied based on the data of swelling and sedimentation of clay particles in aqueous suspensions. The features of the influence of three types of additives-technical lignosulfonate and hyperplasticizers manufactured by Arkema and Movecreate are considered. When surfactant solutions are introduced into the clay system, an increase in the wettability of clay particles is observed, which promotes the adsorption of surfactant molecules on the surface of the dispersed phase, which depends on the structure of clay minerals and their impurities. Surfactants simultaneously have a plasticizing and structuring effect on the clay mass, leading to intensification of drying in the initial stages and, consequently, to a decrease in shrinkage deformations. The most effective additive is lignosulfonate, the introduction of which in an amount of 0.01 % in a clay suspension increases the fluidity of the suspension, and the mobility of water decreases by more than 3 times than in the presence of hyperplasticizers. The best preservation of the suspension is also ensured in the presence of a plasticizer-lignosulfonate. The main difference in the action of polycarboxylates and lignosulfonate is to change the sedimentation rate of clay suspensions. Modification of clay loam by surfactants leads to improved drying properties, quantified in a decrease in sensitivity to drying.


Nguyen Trai is a military strategist, politician, diplomat and also a philosopher, a big humanist in the history of Vietnamese thought. Nguyen Trai's thoughts expressed in many fields and have made great contributions to the history of Vietnamese thought. In particular, Nguyen Trai's thought of tolerance and solidarity is not only valid half a millennium ago, but also has modern influences, creating sustainable values and exerting great influence on Vietnam society nowadays. The article focuses on analyzing, interpreting and proving to clarify the basic features of Nguyen Trai's ideological values of tolerance and solidarity in building a consensual, harmonious, humane and compassionate society in Vietnam nowadays.


Abstract. Limb-reduced and limbless scincid lizards pose problems in untangling their relationships because of a strong tendency toward convergent evolution in which functional characters mask phylogenetic history. Their often small size makes cranial characters difficult to study, and collections of such species are often small and patchy because of their cryptic behavior. One such genus, Anomalopus (Sphenomorphinae), currently includes seven species of reduce-limbed and limbless skinks that occur in tropical and subtropical habitats in eastern Australia. The discovery of previously unreported populations of limbless skinks assignable to Anomalopus has prompted our revision of the morphology and systematics of this genus. We report new DNA sequence data and new morphological data by using X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning that corroborate published molecular data on sphenomorphine phylogeny, leading us to propose a new generic arrangement that recognizes the species of Anomalopus as belonging to three genera. The newly discovered populations represent two new species currently known from only three small and disjunct areas. We review the osteology of the three genera of the former Anomalopus, finding new characters and variable patterns of interspecific and interclade variation. The same morphological characters are modified in every limb-reduced sphenomorphine clade, but to differing degrees and in different combinations in each.


Periodontitis is the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth initiated by oral pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria stimulate the host inflammatory responses which primarily aim at killing the invading bacteria. In an endeavour to do so, the host releases toxic substances like cytokines which apart from helping the destruction of the microbe, also leads to a cascade of events that leads to the tissue destruction of the host itself. Inhibition of these toxic substances could lead to a beneficiary effect of preventing the host tissue destruction or periodontitis. In the present article we give an overview of the role of cytokines in periodontal