Back pain is one of the major contributors to disability and loss of productivity in modern populations. However, osteological correlates of back pain are often absent or, as yet, unidentified. As bioarchaeologists depend on osteological evidence to interpret quality of life in the past, back pain, with its profound effects on modern populations, is largely overlooked in archaeological samples. This study addresses this shortcoming in bioarchaeological analysis by exploring the relationship between a defined vertebral osteological lesion, the Schmorl's node, and its effect on quality of life in a clinical population. Using patient insight, healthcare practitioner diagnoses and MR imaging analyses, this study investigates: (1) Schmorl's nodes and sociodemographic factors; (2) the number, location and quantitative aspects (e.g. length, depth, area) of Schmorl's nodes, and how these influence the reporting of pain; (3) the dynamic effects of Schmorl's nodes, in combination with other variables, in the reporting of pain; and (4) the perception and impact of pain that patients attribute to Schmorl's nodes with regard to quality-of-life issues. The results of this study indicate that Schmorl's nodes located in the central portion of the vertebral body are significantly associated with patient reporting of pain, and that the presence of osteophytes, in the affected vertebral region, may increase the likelihood that an individual will report pain. This finding provides bioarchaeologists with an osteological correlate to begin interpreting the presence and impact of pain in archaeological populations, with implications for scoring Schmorl's nodes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present article analyzes the fiscal data of Niebla County Harbours in 1502 relating them with the general ones obtained from the great Custom House, almojarifazgo, of Seville. The documents used for this study are of exceptional character, since they not only inform us about global values but also reveal details about economic, human and technical aspects. Moreover, this paper presents the geographic and political contexts for the exchanges with special reference to the balance between the supplies and the exports, as well as the struggle between the Royal and the Signorial Jurisdictions.


The present situation, problems and constraints of the circular agriculture development in Hebei Province are systematically analyzedi¼Œthe subject modes suitable for the development of circular agriculture and the value-added potential are described, and finally some proposals are put forward.


An experiment was conducted under tropical conditions in Guam to determine the influence of supplemental irrigation on plant development and tuber yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Red Pontiac). Three levels of trickle irrigation were compared with nonirrigated plots. Soil moisture levels of irrigated plots were maintained at soil tensions of 10, 40, and 70 kPa. Frequent irrigation promoted rapid canopy development. In contrast, canopy development of nonirrigated plants was reduced. Supplemental irrigation did not influence the date of tuber initiation. The heavily irrigated plots had reduced yields primarily due to outbreak of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and soft rot bacteria (Erwinia spp.).


This paper describes the advantages of the Functional Agent-Based Language for Simulations (Fables) compared to some of the most widely used toolkits of Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). Using Fables we imp lemented the StupidModel, a set of 16 simple ABM models those are designed to cover the most common features of ABMs. We also compared it to other published ABM platform implementations (Swarm, Repast and NetLogo) applying the Halstead code complexity metrics. In addition we studied some other aspects of these toolkits, e.g. the programming burden of auxiliary tasks of model implementation.


Abstract The aim of Study 1 was to determine whether preferences for psychotherapy theoretical orientations (PTOs) differ between LGB and heterosexual persons. Eighty-four LGB and 87 heterosexual participants read descriptions of three traditional PTOs (i.e., cognitive behavioral [CBT], humanistic [HT], and psychodynamic [PT]), then chose their most preferred PTO. PTO preferences did not differ between LGB and heterosexual participants. The aim of Study 2 was to determine whether LGB persons prefer an LGB affirmative PTO (LGB-AT) to traditional PTOs. Eighty-two LGB participants read descriptions, then chose their preferred PTO among CBT, HT, PT, and LGB-AT. They preferred CBT to LGB-AT.


Abstract The Arctic region has been the subject of immense interest and speculation for the past four to five decades due to its vast mineral deposits and potential as a new sea-route that would connect the West with the Far East. Evidently, massive globalization and infrastructural development are also taking place in this region, affecting the traditional way of life. However, beneath all those potentials and possibilities, the Arctic environment is degrading, and having further reinforced by the negative impacts of globalization, it adversely impacts the human security dynamics of the region, not to mention the harm being repetitively done to the flora and fauna that dwells there. Under the rubric of human security, we analyze the environmental security issues of the Arctic from the standpoints of pollution, climate change, health concerns and natural hazards, respectively.


This paper deal with the problem of unmeasured premise variable(UPV) in T-S fuzzy observer for ball and beam(BAB) system. Normally,the observer design is rather challenging and with computational burden. Different from previous results to obtain the observer design condition based on a traditional T-S fuzzy model, the work here proposed a method to avoid UPV by reformulating the BAB system using the nonlinear local models in the fuzzy rules. The proposed method guarantees asymptotic convergence of state estimation. The conditions for the observer design is given in the form of linear matrix inequality(LMI) formulations. Simulation result illustrates effecitveness of the proposed method.


This work focuses on the structural features of the Sao Francisco de Assis region, in the western part of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. An outstanding anticline was determined, having in the southwest a parallel syncline and na other anticline, both of them with low inclination and plunging to the northwest. The structural ondulations are formed not only by inclination beds, but by fault blocks. Diabase sills and dikes were formed near the principal lines of weakness. The structures are of the Cretaceous age and are associated with the Sul-rio-Grandense Arch, formed during the Wealdenian reactivation.


The Zaslavskii criterion for quantum chaos is applied to a quartic anharmonic oscillator with dissipation and an external force term in the semiclassical approximation. The semiclassical equilibrium states and integral invariants are related to quantum states in terms of the ratio of h to the semiclassical action. Semiclassical chaos is found to occur with the destruction of integral invariants and equilibrium states but the quantum states are not destroyed.


Abstract : It is well established that near fields records of nuclear explosions can be analyzed to obtain detailed information about the seismic source function and its dependence on yield. This information is generally formulated in terms of parametrized models for the RDP and for the test site crustal structure. In this study, we review the results of forward modeling studies to obtain the source and structure parameters for Pahute Mesa. These models fit the observed near field records well, but there is some question as to how errors in crustal structure might affect seismic source parameters. Furthermore, there is a general need to be able to develop source-structure models in a consistent, unbiased fashion. To address these issues, we have developed a simultaneous inversion for source and structure parameters. In previous reports, we discussed the development of the method and applied it to Pahute Mesa data. In this report, we present an application of an improved technique for inverting for parameters in these types of problems known as the jumping method. A second problem with analysis of near-field records from explosions is that there is some question as to whether crustal materials respond in a linear anelastic or anelastic fashion or whether they have significant nonlinear response because of the high shear strain levels. Near-field data sets from several nuclear explosions and an earthquake are examined to address this question. It is shown that if nonlinear material response occurs it does not have a large enough effect to have a significant effect on data interpretation.


ABSTRACT Since Aristotle, it has been common to understand wonder as a psychological state characterized by an absence of rational understanding. Drawing on this idea, a number of historians have suggested that the wonder which had long characterized the experience of automata, declined in the early modern period alongside the increased availability of theoretical treatises on mechanics. This article seeks to challenge this view by examining the relationship between rational and practical modes of technical understanding in John Wilkins' Mathematicall Magick (1648). My aim is to show that a close reading of the second book of the Mathematicall Magick reveals an alternative conception of wonder as an experience of skilled workmanship that both tolerates theoretical understanding and is increased through practical experience. It will be my claim that the conception of technical wonder which emerges from Wilkin's descriptions of automata, reveals how the concept of Aristotelian wonder is too reductive to capture the variety of ways in which mechanical technology was experienced in early modern England.


This article will try to show that Hatta was consistently a religious nationalist, but one who also rejected the idea of an Islamic state. Born in a devout Muslim family, Hatta grew and had always been a devout Muslim in his entire life. But his being a devout Muslim had never been a problem for him to be an astute proponent of Indonesian nationalism. If anything, it even encouraged his nationalist stand. When Indonesia's independence was still in its early stage of preparation in the 1940s, he made it clear that he accepted Pancasila as the basis of the future state, particularly when the "Belief in God" was finally put as the first principle of this state's basis. DOI:  10.15408/sdi.v9i2.667


OBJECTIVE:To separate and extract Arca subcrenata Lischke protein component and investigate its anticancer mechanisms on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in vitro.METHODS:Fresh Arca Subcrenata Lischke was used as the raw material to extract its anticancer protein component which was named as NS.The growing changes of cultured MCF-7 cells treated with different concentrations of NS(50,100,200,400 μg/mL) were observed under the inverted phase-contrast microscope.The cell and nucleus changes of MCF-7 cells treated with NS 200 μg/mL were analyzed by Giemsa staining.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis and cell cycle of MCF-7 cells treated with NS.The expressions of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS:Comparing with negative control group,obvious growth inhibition effects were found in MCF-7 cells treated with different concentrations of NS(50,100,200,400 μg/mL)(P0.05 or P0.01).The appearance of cultured MCF-7 cells treated with NS 200 μg/ml,for 12,24 and 48 h were shrinking and falling off from the tissue culture flask in a time-dependent manner after treated with NS for 12 h.The percentage of MCF-7 cells in mitosis phase and the multinuclear or nuclear fragmentation cells were obviously increased.Flow cytometry analysis indicated that apoptotic cell increased and G2-M phase cells accumulated significantly with NS(P0.01).The apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cells increased in a time- dependent manner.The expression of apoptotic protein procaspase-3 and p53 protein were up-regulated after NS treatment for 6 h.CONCLUSION:Inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2-M phase were main mechanisms of Arca subcrenata Lischke anticancer protein component NS cytotoxic activity,and procaspase-3 and p53 signal pathways were upregulated in MCF-7 cells.


This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Governance (CG) on tax avoidance. This research was conducted using manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in the 2015-2019 period. Total sample used was 179 companies with total of 498 observations. The sampling method used was purposive sampling and data was analysed with multiple linear regression. Tax avoidance as dependent variable is measured by Effectice Tax Rate. Independent variables used in this research are corporate governance and audit quality. Corporate Governance as independent variable is measured by the proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership,  and audit committee.  The result shows that the variable proportion of independent commissioners has a significant positive effect, institutional ownership has a significant negative effect, and the audit quality and audit committee variables have no significant effect on tax avoidance.
Keywords: Tax avoidance, Proportion of Independent Commisioners, Institutional Ownership, Audit Quality, Audit Committee, corporate governance


This paper analyzes the present situation of the course of Medical Document Retrieval in higher vocational college,points out that the application of the multimedia technology is an inevitable trend of the teaching development of the course of Medical Document Retrieval,and probes into the contents and conceptualizations of the multimedia teaching courseware.


This article presents tests of the theoretical predictions on optimal soaring and gliding flight of large, diurnal migrant* using Pennycuick's program 2 for "bird flight performance." Predictions were compared with 141 observed flight paths of migrating steppe buzzards, Buteo butto vulpinus. Calculations of cross-country speed relative to the air included bird's airspeeds and sinking rates in interthennal gliding and climbing rates in thermal circling. Steppe buzzards adjusted interthermal gliding airspeed according to their actual climbing rate in thermal circling. By optimizing their gliding airspeed, the birds maximized their crosscountry performance relative to the air. Despite this general agreement with the model, there was much scatter in the data, for the model neglects horizontal winds and updrafts during the gliding phase. Lower sinking rates due to updrafts during the gliding phases allowed many birds to achieve higher cross-country speeds than predicted. In addition, birds reacted to different wind directions and speeds: in side and opposing winds, the steppe buzzards compensated for wind displacement during soaring and increased their gliding airspeed with decreasing tailwind component NeveKheless, cross-country speed relative to the ground, which is the important measure for a migratory bird, was still higher under following winds. This study shows that Pennycuick's program 2 provides reliable predictions on optimal soaring and gliding behavior using realistic assumptions and constants in the model, but a great deal of variation around the mean is generated by factors not included in the model.


Urban road waterlogging affects traffic safety and pedestrian passing seriously for urban traffic. At present, most of the existing methods to measure the actual maximum depth of urban road waterlogging are difficult to ensure its accuracy. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper establishes a calculation model to determine the maximum depth of road waterlogging. When the depth cannot be detected by the pressure sensor due to its installation position deviation or its detection zero-point in high value, the model will calculate the maximum depth based on image processing. After the change of depth can be detected by the pressure sensor, these measure values are not only used to identify the model parameters and calculate the current water level, but also used to accomplish the future road waterlogging depth pre-alarming. Finally, a monitoring system for road waterlogging depth is established to realize the pre-alarming based on the smart lamp pole. Experiment result shows that the presented model and pre-alarming system are effective and accurate.


This article details the extensive security regimes deployed against Black Power in the Caribbean that were operated by regional governments and the (neo)colonial British state. These regimes of securitisation targeted radical Black political groups and actors whose Black Power ideology placed them in an antagonistic relation to independent West Indian states and Britain. The author argues that the British state's involvement in the suppression of Black Power in the Caribbean is inseparable from the domestic repression of the British Black Power movement. But also, shared opposition to British (neo)imperialism and the personal ties of West Indian migrants to Britain connected Black Power resistance on both sides of the Atlantic. By drawing on British Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Ministry of Defence and Cabinet Office files, as well as political newspapers and publications produced at the time, the author traces the British state's involvement in the transnational repression of Black Power in the late 1960s and early 1970s.


According to the statistical model of the random phase screen,which is employed in the high power laser system,the phase noise and the first and second statistical characteristics of RMS gradient have been studied.The properties of the coherent and partially coherent lights after propagating through the random phase screen are discussed.Using the statistical model,the numerical simulation of the far-field distribution of the beams has worked out.The results show that the far-field distribution of the coherent light that propagates through the phase screen becomes unsymmetrical until the phase distribution satisfies the mathematical expectation.The partially coherent light will hold its Gussian-Schell-model charecter while propagating through the random screen.The character of the Schell-model beam would not change while propagating through the random phase screen.But the random phase noise makes the light intensity decrease and the intensity distribution become unsymmetrical.


Sulphur containing organic compounds decreases the corrosion rate by increasing the hydrogen over potential on zinc metal due to their electron donating groups. Their inhibiting effect was found to be associated with their adsorption on the active centers of the metal. The inhibition efficiencies of some aliphatic sulphides in ammonium chloride solution have been studied by weight loss studies, polarization and impedance measurements. The effect of substituent groups is correlated with their inhibition performance. These studies due to their relevance in Zn-Manganese dry batteries assume their importance.


Programming automated web navigation assistants, i.e., applications that automatically navigate the web performing specific tasks for the user, is far from easy. Since HTML pages offered by legacy web-based applications, which are designed to be manipulated only by people using browsers, web pages contain semi-structured information [P. Atzeni, et al., 1997] whose data schema can easily be changed, the creation and even the maintenance of this kind of applications, is very expensive. However, an increasing amount of information sources and online applications have been added to the web during the last few years, so assistants for automating tasks over those web-enabled applications are more and more needed. These assistants may automate tasks by filling in forms, following links, analyzing data embedded in web pages and performing computations over those data on behalf of the user. Software engineering techniques are clearly needed to reduce the cost, not just creating these programs (by significantly reducing their time-to-market), but even more importantly, maintaining them working properly, reducing the cost of readapting them to web site pages whose structure or navigation schemes are frequently changed. This paper proposes the well known formal method message sequence charts (MSC) [ITU-T, 1997] as a base for defining a language for programming web navigation assistants which may navigate a web site according to the user's aims. This specification language, called XPlore, is specially suited for both requirements engineering and automatic generation of an executable, and has been successfully tested on several well known web sites.


Advising small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can prove very challenging. From 2006 to 2008, IFC tried to do just that in Mozambique and Angola, with the goals of helping local entrepreneurs and enterprises secure financing, building up their business membership organizations, and providing professional training. This SmartLesson shares lessons learned from that effort, called the Entrepreneurship Development Initiative.


This paper aims to design a methodological proposal to improve the innovation of companies belonging to the logistics sector in Cartagena, Colombia. The multiple case study methodology was applied, where nine axes that directly affect organizational innovation (strategy, culture, planning, people, tools, products/services, processes, efficiency, and capitalization) were analysed. The sample consisted of five Logistics Service Providers located in Cartagena. Among the main results of the research, it was found that planning is fundamental for improving organizational innovation because it is essential to have a stipulated strategic direction and to design a plan to propitiate an innovative culture in the company. Additionally, the company's diagnosis showed that most have innovative resources and processes; however, they do not have the necessary tools to implement the processes effectively. Finally, four of the five companies are working to develop an innovative culture, which places culture as the second most crucial axis after planning. These results led to the proposal of a methodology that seeks to improve organizational innovation levels and mainly focuses on three phases: Strategic Direction, Processes, and Results.


Indonesia is a maritime country, and it has more than thousands of beautiful islands. Those are the main reasons many domestic or even international tourists choose Indonesia for a holiday. White Sand Beach in Situbondo is one of the most visited tourist attractions. The local government that manages this place uses tourism events as a promotional medium and improves the physical evidence to attract more tourists to White Sand Beach for holidays. Therefore, this study aims to determine how effective tourism events and physical evidence influence the decision to visit this place. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire and collected data from 50 early adult respondents who had visited the Beach. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively through multiple linear regression analysis techniques in SPSS. This study shows that tourism events and physical evidence have a significant effect on visiting decisions. For further research, this study recommends comparing several different tourist attractions by adding variables and expanding the scope of respondents. The local government that manages the White Sand Beach tourism can use the findings as evaluation materials.


Effective Meetings Introduced by Sheffield MCA (Flow Coaching Academy), effective meetings aim to ensure all participants can be engaged in a non-hierarchical discussion, whilst finishing meetings on time. The first meeting establishes the groups ground rules. For instance, respectful listening, mobiles on silent and non-judgemental. Four roles are needed: Chair Time–keeper Note–keeper and Facilitator At the start of each meeting, participants volunteer to undertake a role. The meeting starts by setting the agenda. Times are then agreed to discuss each item so that the meeting ends on time. The chair guides the meeting through the agenda. The timekeeper warns the chair and/or participants when each item is drawing to a close. The record-keeper takes notes for feedback or adds notes to a flipchart to keep a visual record of progress during the meeting for the team. This allows action points to be tracked. The facilitator ensures that everyone has a chance to speak, including prompting those who normally remain silent. Five minutes before the end of the meeting, an evaluation takes place. Each participant is asked to score the meeting out of 10. Each participant is asked for one comment on what went well and/or one comment of how the meeting could be improved. Effective meetings have been used in the Great Ormond Street 'Big Room' improvement projects and have been adopted for many of the Rheumatology team meetings. Over the course of 4 months, meetings have become measurably more productive and more enjoyable as shown below. Meeting In April 2018 Evaluation average 3.83/10. Meeting in July 2018 Evaluation average 8.31/10.


The article describes the development of the pedagogical foundations of the holistic development of the personality of the future teacher in the process of professional training. Qualitative transformations in all spheres of life of our society, including in the system of education and upbringing, depend on the general cultural and professional level of human development.


The paper enlightens Computer-Mediated (Internet) Communication and virtual communicative identity resulted by CMC. The special stress is done on the gender virtual identity as a one of basic components of social identity. Additionally the methodology of virtual gender identity research is under review. The psycholinguistic techniques are suggested for the communicative virtual identity research including the gender one.


This paper describes recent results of a five year development effort on a 20 MMBtu/hr slagging, coal combustor that was retrofitted to an oil designed package boiler. In addition to the efficiency benefits of regenerative air cooling, this combustor internally controls SO2 and NOx emissions. Injection of calcium based sorbents into the combustor with coal firing have yielded in recent tests SO2 reductions, as measured at the boiler outlet, in the range of 85%. Under these same conditions, i.e. with staged combustion and with high combustion efficiency, the NOx emissions were reduced by about two-thirds to less than 200 ppm. Tests were also performed in the dioxin reductions were measured in the stack. To date, the combustor has operated for about 1400 hours, with about one-third of the time on coal and the balance of oil and gas. Shorter duration test were also conducted with refuse derived fuel, and heavy oil. A number of 90 to 100 hours of continuous tests have been performed with daytime operation of coal and overnight operation at low gas fired heat input. Current test efforts are focused on automatic computer control of the combustor and durability tests with plans for continuous coal fired operationmore » at full load for up 100 hour periods. In addition, performance, plant layout, and cost analyses have been performed on a 20 MW industrial combined gas turbine-steam turbine power plant using coal fired air cooled cyclone combustor. The plant efficiencies are in the 30% range, and the capital costs in the $1200 to $1400 range. This is significantly lower in cost than alternate coal technologies at similar plant sizes.« less


Motivation Charged amino acid residues on the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to influence its binding to different cell surface receptors, its non-specific electrostatic interactions with the environment, and its structural stability and conformation. It is therefore important to obtain a good understanding of amino acid mutations that affect the total charge on the spike protein which have arisen across different SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the course of the virus' evolution. Results We analyse the change in the number of ionizable amino acids and the corresponding total charge on the spike proteins of almost 2000 SARS-CoV-2 lineages that have emerged over the span of the pandemic. Our results show that the previously observed trend toward an increase in the positive charge on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has essentially stopped with the emergence of the early omicron variants. Furthermore, recently emerged lineages show a greater diversity in terms of their composition of ionizable amino acids. We also demonstrate that the patterns of change in the number of ionizable amino acids on the spike protein are characteristic of related lineages within the broader clade division of the SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree. Due to the ubiquity of electrostatic interactions in the biological environment, our findings are relevant for a broad range of studies dealing with the structural stability of SARS-CoV-2 and its interactions with the environment. Availability The data underlying the article are available in the online Supplementary Material.


The article is the development of a paper presented at the  Hugvisindaþing  of the University of Iceland in the winter of the academic year 2005–2006. After having recalled the main characteristics of  Language for Special Purposes  in general, the article presents briefly the main features of the language of history. The paper focuses on some problems related to te aching Italian history and Italian as a foreign language in the context of Content and Language Integrated Learning  ("CLIL"). The last part of the contribution gives some practical examples taken from the didactical material produced for the course in Italian History taught at the University of Iceland since 2001.


In this paper, a simple but robust formation control scheme for small unmanned air vehicles is proposed. The proposed scheme is based on the virtual leader approach. Monte Carlo simulation showed that the proposed scheme allows formations with 95% of the possible communication networks to converge. Also, numerical simulations showed that proposed scheme allows formations to converge even if only 10% of the total communication succeeds. However, when aerodynamic interference between units were taken into account, the formation destabilised when trying to achieve maximum aerodynamic merit. Measures to stabilize the formation are currently under consideration. At the same time, flight tests are planned to demonstrate the proposed scheme and to obtain flight data to improve the mathematical model.


Hot-core Heavy Reduction Rolling (HHR) is a novel technology designed for eliminating center defects of casting steel by using the large temperature gradient, which performed heavy reduction to bloom or slab with rolling mill after the position of solidification end of the strand. This works mainly focus on the effect of HHR process on the shrinkage elimination and microstructure evolution. Firstly, bonding plate rolling experiment were carried out, which proved HHR process with large temperature gradient in thickness direction could improve the internal deformation of workpiece. Meanwhile, the deformation permeability was beneficial to the microstructure refinement of center layer. Secondly, the HHR process was studied by analysis of the results of FEM to explore the influence of some process parameters on shrinkage closure. In this study, the Gm index and volumetric residual percentage V/V0 were used as evaluation index in mechanical analyses and quantitative comparison, the results reflected the void tend to closing with the reduction ratio and roll diameter increasing, as well as with the reduction position moving towards the solidification end after complete solidification. Finally, the pilot plant trail of HHR was carried out before industrial application, and the results reflects the HHR process can eliminate the large central shrinkage cavity and refine the center microstructure.


Purpose: To examine the difference in missed school days related to routine dental care versus dental pain/infection and to determine the relationship between children's oral health status (OHS) and school attendance and performance. and sex. We used logistic regression models and mediation analysis. Results: The final sample included 2,183 schoolchildren, weighted to reflect the state's census. Children with poorer OHS were nearly 3 times more likely (OR=2.89, 95% CI 1.96, 7.75) to miss school for dental pain. Absence for pain was associated with poorer performance (P<.05) but absence for routine care was not. Mediation analysis revealed that OHS was significantly associated with performance, independent of absence for pain. Conclusions: Children with poorer OHS were more likely to experience dental pain and miss school and more likely to have poorer school performance. These findings suggest that improvement of children's OHS may be a vehicle to improve their educational experience. iv DEDICATION I dedicate my thesis to my husband, Alfred Jackson, for his unwavering support and love. I give my deepest expression of love and appreciation for his encouragement and patience, and thank him for being my best friend and a constant source of happiness.


Sources that can lead to deterioration of steam superheater tubes of a high pressure boiler were studied by a stress analysis, focused on internal pressure and temperature experienced by the material at real operating conditions. Loss of flame control, internal deposits and unexpected peak charge are factors that generate loads above the design limit of tube materials, which can be subjected to strain, buckling, cracks and finally rupture in service. To evaluate integrity and dependability of these components, the microstructure of selected samples along the superheater was studied by optical microscopy. Associated with this analysis, dimensional inspection, nondestructive testing, hardness measurement and deposit examination were made to determine the resultant material condition after twenty three years of operation.


Tantalum hydrogen phosphate, b-TaH(PO4)2, has a three-dimensional structure that is stable to remarkably high temperature (� 600 8C) presumably due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonds. Impedance measurements indicate a low conductivity, 2.0 � 10 � 6 S/cm at 200 8 Ci n 5% H 2. In further studies aimed at enhancing the conductivity by aliovalent doping, we have investigated systematically the synthesis of compounds in the TaH(PO4)2–W2P2O11 system at 380 8C. As a result, a new phase, Ta2(WO2)0.87H0.26(PO4)4, was identified and subsequently the molybdenum analog Ta2(MoO2)(PO4)4 was also prepared. The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The structures of Ta2(WO2)0.87H0.26(PO4)4 and Ta2(MoO2)(PO4)4 can be formally derived from the structure of b-TaH(PO4)2 by the replacement of two P–OH protons with an MO2 2+ (M = Mo and W) group together with a change in the orientation of some phosphate tetrahedra.


The deployment of fiber optic technology is reviewed. Cost trends for fiber vs copper, better transmission quality, and a reduction in fiber maintenance expense are pointed out as the major reasons for using fiber optic technology. The fact that the fiber optic facilities, which are the most economical and efficient means of providing existing telephone service, also possess the capability of transporting video signals is naturally an additional reason supporting their use.<<ETX>>


An on-site calibration system for three-phase isolation current transformers is described. It is based on precise power comparators which are shipped to the customer. Measurements can be done at test currents up to 120 A. The measurement uncertainties of the self-calibrating measurement system are in the order of 0.005 % for the ratio error and 0.01 crad for the phase displacement at power frequencies.


So far, the graphics of Korean clothing have focused on maintenance of forms without specific improvement. In particular, in the archetypal design of a Jeogori, ambiguous standards on the overlapping of left and right collars and collar strips cause problems in the teaching and teaming of Korean traditional clothing. As a result, the graphics of men's Durumagis based on a Korean Jeogori have the same problems as Jeogoris and the connection between them has not been sufficiently studied. Design of "Moo" in respect to graphics of men's Durumagis has its own calculation equation or measures, but they can not be generalized. This study therefore considers the existing graphics of men's Durumagis or approaches of Moo in different angles by reviewing the connection between Durumagis and Jeogoris. Therefore, archetypal forms of Durumagis are designed with a radius of a circle using one's height and the girth of one's chest, which contributes to symmetry of the collars and teaming effects through scientific graphics of "Moo." It is further expected that can be mass-produced through archetypal design of overcoats and graphics of "Moo" of Durumagis that can be standardized as well as connection between graphics of Jeogoris and Jeogoris.


: This article attempts to propose a framework on the relationship between emotional intelligence elements with the job performance among technical trainers. Through an extensive review on the literature, this study found that the elements of the emotional intelligence have been considered as the main things in boosting job performance. Nowadays, the technical skills are important in increasing the labor sources in Malaysia. Consequently, technical trainers play important roles to prepare skill workers to the labor market. Relating to this, the technical trainers in teaching process should know how to handle the emotional intelligence in order to maintain quality of job performance. Hence, this study will be conducted on how the emotional intelligence elements can contribute to job performance among technical trainer. The technical trainer's job performance will give an impact towards on students learning outcomes. Previous research found that the critical elements of emotional intelligence are self-motivation, self-regulation, self-awareness and social skills.


A survey on the routing protocols based on ant-like mobile agents is given. These protocols are often employed in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are collections of wireless mobile nodes such as PDAs, laptop computers, and cellular phones having wireless communication capability that dynamically form a temporary network without using any existing network infrastructures such as wireless access points. The only infrastructure in MANET is the wireless communication interfaces on the devices. In such a circumstance, where some of the wireless devices are not within wireless range of each other, multi-hop routing is required to transmit messages to the destination. A node that wants to start communication with other nodes that are not within its one-hop wireless transmission range has to request intermediate nodes to forward their communication packets to the destination. In this paper, we survey a variety of proposed network protocols to accommodate this situation. We focus especially on biologically-inspired routing algorithms that are based on the ant colony optimization algorithm.


IntroductionThis contribution examines resource-based conflict at a microlevel in the context of the influence of broader socio-economic and political developments at the national level in Zimbabwe. It focuses specifically on the case of Mafungautsi State Forest, located in the Midlands province's Gokwe South district. The forest's decline began during the colonial period due to local dissatisfaction with the way it was administered without input from the people. Colonial top-down management style by the Forestry Commission (FC), the government agency mandated to oversee state forests in the country and to enforce the Forestry Act of 1948, yielded no direct benefits to local communities.1 The FC criminalised hunting and harvesting of products such as broom and thatch grass, honey and wild fruits from the forest.2 The forest's decline accelerated at an unprecedented rate with its invasion by villagers spurred by the land invasions from 2000. The invasion rendered the FC incapable of executing its role as rampant statesanctioned lawlessness gripped the country.3This paper examines the historical grievances of local communities in relation to their removal from their ancestral land in the colonial period and their inability to access forest products for their day to day use. It also traces socio-economic and political developments at a national level and their impact on Mafungautsi forest and communities living on its margins, who had for a long time awaited an opportunity to return to their old forest home, as well as the outcomes of the invasion.Context: Forests and Forest Uses in Developing Countries Forests provide a wide range of social and economic benefits to many countries.4 These benefits include provision of food, fuel wood, medicines, and employment from processing and trade of forest products, and tourism (as game, a major tourist attraction and many of nature's wonders are usually housed in forested landscapes). A great deal of literature shows that forests increasingly play an important role in national development, humanitarian and economic affairs, and trade politics.5 Studies have shown that in sub-Saharan Africa the AIDS pandemic has wrecked havoc by, among other factors, reducing the agricultural workforce in many countries and consequently affecting regional food supply in general and household food security in particular.6 There is a growing body of literature demonstrating that these impacts can be mitigated against by adaptation and implementation of sustainable forest policies. Forests thus contribute to household nutrition and health.7 Forests have always played an important role in the context of supplying wood energy in most of Africa's rural areas and raw materials. Furniture-making industries, in particular, increasingly require this resource as urbanisation increases: hence the need to optimally manage woodlands and forests/ Forest preservation has gained renewed emphasis as the world grapples with reducing global climate change.9In spite of their economic benefits, forests are, however, associated with conflict in many parts of the world. Many reasons account for these conflicts. Studies have demonstrated how failure to establish laws that grant communities resident on forest margins access to forest resources and to enforce laws that pertain to their sustainable use are among the major causes of dissatisfaction and conflict.10 Poor governance, legal and institutional arrangements, including lack of transparency and accountability, corruption and population increase, among other factors, also account for conflict. Resource-based conflict has hindered management and sustainable exploitation of forests in many parts of the world."Forests have, in many places and circumstances, been either safety nets, poverty traps or escape routes.12 Forest-rich areas, such as eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, have often been used as bases by groups engaged in armed struggle.13 As was the case with the Uniao Nacional Para a Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA) in Angola, forest resources are sometimes used to fund war. …


The pseudoparticle-induced multiquark interaction is shown to produce a spontaneously generated quark mass as calculated by a Hartree-Fock treatment. Hence pseudoparticle lead to a dynamical mechanism for spontaneous breaking of chiral SU(N) x SU(N) for N flavors.


An assembly system of processing equipment for titanium and titanium alloy strip coils is characterized in that the equipment structurally includes a heating furnace, a hot rolling mill, a first winding machine, an annealing furnace, a first unwinding machine, a shot blasting machine, a second winding machine, a second unwinding machine, a pickling bath, a third winding machine, a third unwinding machine, a cold rolling mill, a fourth winding machine, a cover type annealing furnace, a fourth unwinding machine, a withdrawal and straightening unit or a pinch pass mill, a fifth winding machine, a fifth unwinding machine, an edge trimming machine and a finished product which are sequentially connected. The assembly system has the advantages that processing efficiency and yield are improved, quality titanium strips with the length longer than 2000m for production of titanium welding pipes are provided, and more beneficial conditions for better development of downstream processing industries are created.


Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were synthesized used carbon black as the dot carbon source by a semi-continuous hydrogen arc discharge process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations revealed that most of the tubes were DWNTs with outer and inner diameters in the range of 2.67–4 nm and 1.96–3.21 nm, respectively. Most of the DWNTs were in a bundle form of about 10–30 nm in diameter with high purity (about 70%) from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), resonant laser Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM characterizations. It was found that carbon black as the dot carbon source could be easy controlled to synthesize one type of nanotube. A simple process combining oxidation and acid treatment to purify the DWNT bundles was used without damaging the bundles. The structure of carbon black, as the key element for influencing purity, bundle formation and purification of DWNTs, is discussed.


The superplastic properties and microstructural evolution of a commercial Al-4.4%Cu-0.5%Mg-0.4%Mn-0.5%Ag-0.1%Ti alloy were examined under tension at temperatures ranging from 450 to 520°C and strain rates ranging from 6.9x10-5 to 6.9x10-2s-1. The refined microstructure with an average grain size of about 11m was produced in thin sheets by a commercially viable thermomechanical process. The highest elongation to failure of 540% was attained at a temperature of 500°C and an initial strain rate of 6.9x10-4 s-1 with the corresponding strain rate sensitivity coefficient of 0.55. The microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation of the aluminum alloy has been studied quantitatively. Processing at temperatures above 475°C and strain rate below 1.4x10-3s-1 resulted in fracturing almost without necking with cavitation playing a major role in the failure. In contrast, at low temperatures and/or high strain rates, fracture occurred in a ductile manner by localized necking. The relationship between superplastic ductility and microstructural evolution is analyzed.


It is becoming increasingly important for countries like Japan, Finland and Italy to enable as wide as possible home care for their elderly citizens because of the rapidly changing age structure of the population and high hospital costs. Wireless sensors hidden into furnishings can provide necessary information for high quality planning of home care visits. We conducted a system field test of 37 homes and used 287 wireless sensors in them. The preliminary experiences of the availability and about failure mechanisms during the two month field trial are described. The trial system did not reach availability levels required for a commercial launch. The interpretation of the sensor data in a 24/7 call centre by nurses and the usefulness of their analysis results showed promise that due to situation analysis the number of pure status check visits to home care homes can be decreased and the overall cost reduced. At the same time the safety and the feeling of safety among the elderly can be enhanced. The interval between sensor- based home visit recommendations was shorter than expected and the concept was found to be feasible for operational usage.


Introduction: Onset and offset activation of lower limb and trunk muscles may change the knee with genu varum during landing. These motor control strategies can be different from those in healthy subjects and contribute to more injuries in lower extremities. This study aimed to compare the delay time of the onset activity of the abdominal and lower limb muscles in the specific landing task.
Materials and Methods: Ten females with genu varum deformity and ten females with normal knee participated in this case-control study. Genu varum deformity was measured by a camera capturing goniometer. The subjects were informed to land by preferred lower limb from a table (30 cm high) on a force plate. Vertical Ground Reaction Force (VGRF) was measured to clarify the onset of the landing task. Surface Electromyography (sEMG) of transverse abdominal/int. oblique (TA/IO), Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were recorded during landing. The difference between the onset activity of the above muscles and onset of VGRF was calculated as delay times and compared between muscles and between two groups. Also, the offset of activities and the intensity of muscle activation (normalized RMS) were compared between the two groups.
Results: Lower limb and trunk muscles showed significantly different onset of activities in the genu varum group (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the onset of muscle activities in the healthy group. Results indicated significant differences between two groups in TA/IO, LG, and MG muscles and the genu varum group had longer delay time for motor control strategy (especially ankle strategy) in the landing task. Offset time of all muscles in the genu varum and healthy subjects had a significant difference between muscles, especially in gastrocnemius muscles (P<0.05). Also, there were significant changes between the two groups in LG and MG muscles (P<0.05). Normalized muscle activities (nRMS) generally indicated an increase in muscle activation of genu varum subjects (TA/IO, LG, MG) compared with the normal subjects (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Motor control strategies in landing task is different in the genu varum group due to changes in biomechanics and properties of the knee joint. This variation may be due to changes in proprioception afferent pathways around the knee joint. An increase in muscle activation, delay, and offset time of muscle activities in these subjects, indicated that an increase in the degree of freedom may change motor control strategies. Internal anticipation and postural adjustment of the landing task in these subjects need more motor unit recruitment (an increase in nRMS). This deformity in the knee joint might affect some activities and possibly cause knee changes such as osteoarthritis.


The maintenance of adtult hippocampal stem cells, which is important to ensure lifelong proper hippocampal function, is still not fully understood. This work investigates the role of the Notch signalling pathway during adult hippocampal stem cell maintenance. Analysis revealed that the transcription factor Sox2, is a direct target of canonical Notch signalling. Hippocampal stem cell specific conditional knockout of the transcription factor RBPJκ resulted in the loss of Sox2 expression and hippocampal stem cells in vivo. These results show that Notch/RBPJκ signalling is important for adult hippocampal stem cell maintenance.


The fast growing palm oil industry in Malaysia generates, amongst other wastes, Empty Fruit Bunch
(EFB) which consists of cellulosic materials. It is one of the major sources of Greenhouse Gases (GHG).
However, the bioconversion of cellulosic materials in EFB, a renewable biomass, to valuable products
will be the solution to the disposal problem and hence minimize the pollution. The bioconversion of
cellulosic materials is carried out by using cellulase enzyme, which itself was extracted from sludge,
immobilized on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of coupling reagent. The process
parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, pH, and amount of enzyme, CNTs dosage and
EDC were optimized by using design expert software. The morphology and the structure of CNTs were
characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FSEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared
Absorption Spectroscopic (FTIR). Firstly, carbon nanotubes were functionalized by acidic treatment.
Then, the cellulase enzyme is immobilized on the functionalized (CNTs) in a solution of Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC).
The amount of enzyme attached on (CNTs) will be measured through UV spectrometer to determine the
cellulases catalytic activity after immobilization and compare it with the free enzyme. Finally, the
immobilized enzyme will be tested in the degradation of cellulosic material of empty fruit bunch (EFB)
from palm oil mill effluent.


Eggs obtained from a commercial broiler hatching-egg producer were assigned by weight to seven groups and set for hatching. After hatching, equal numbers of male and female chicks were placed in floor pens according to egg weight groups and weighed at day-old and weekly for 8 wk. Three additional groups of chicks consisted of: equal numbers of females from each egg weight group; equal numbers of males from each egg weight group; and equal numbers of males and females from each egg weight group. Analysis of the data indicated that the influence of egg weight on chick weight decreased with time. Significant differences in body weight among groups occurred for all ages for the females, whereas no significant differences occurred for the last two ages for the males. Chicks grown in the mixed egg weight groups did not differ from those grown separately. Even though statistical evidence indicated that egg weight did influence 8-wk body weight of females, factors such as cost of producing hatching eggs, price of...


The temperature dependence of the UV–VIS absorption maximum of alkyl tetrasubstituted sexithiophene and poly(dialkylterthiophene) have been investigated, and the results are consistent with a rotation of the main conjugated chain induced by an increase of disorder in the side chains upon heating.


Shyam Selvadurai is an emerging voice in Sri Lankan fiction, who also belongs to Tamil minority. His novels such as Funny Boy and Cinnamon Gardensare loaded with images of colonial experiences. Further in these novels the plot spins around families and thereby Selvadurai tries to combine the post-colonial politics , historical material and personal experiences, the projected paper is an attempt to examine Shyam Selvadurai's second novel, Cinnamon Gardens (1998 ) to see how the novelist work towards post-colonial and anti-patriarchal vision in it. Cinnamon Gardens has a female protagonist, Annalukshmi as the central character who represents the early women's movement in Ceylon. The paper will try to inspect how Selvadurai grills colonial canons in this novel ranging from Jane Austen to George Eliot to suggest the presence of a third world female sensibility that keeps critical equidistance from the colonial culture and the tyrannical patriarchy .


Thesolubilization andpartial purification ofmousetransplanta- tion antigens weremonitored by(1)aninvitro assay foralloantigenic specificities and(2)aninvivoassayfortransplantation antigens controlled bytheH-2 histocompatibility locus. Antigens fromA/Jmiceweresolubilized bypapain andfractionated onaSephadex G-150column.Theeluate showeda280nm absorbance peak(F1) intheexcluded volume andtwopeaks (F2andF3)inthe included volume.H-2specificities 1,3,4,5,11,23,and28wereconfined toa single peakintheF2fraction. Fractions F1,F2,andF3,weretested fortheir ability toaccelerate skin graft rejection innoncoisogenic strains which differ atbothH-2andnon-H-2 loci, and coisogenic strains whichdiffer onlyattheH-2locus. Allfractions produced significant acceleration ofgraft rejection inthenoncoisogenic strains, butonly fraction F2produced significant acceleration inthecoisogenic strains. These findings indicate thatH-2transplantation antigens detected byourinvivo assay, andH-2alloantigenic specificities detected byourinvitro assay aresolubilized bypapain andareeluted inthesamepeakduring Sephadex fractionation. Mousetransplantation antigens (antigens thatelicit transplantation im- munity) areassociated withcell membranes1-7 andaregenetically controlled by multiple histocompatibility loci.8 9 Thestrongest transplantation antigens are controlled bytheH-2histocompatibility


The object of image compression is to minimize redundant information. This redundancy is due to correlation between adjacent pixels in a digital image. Different approaches with variable efficacies deal with this type of redundancy; the decomposition into sub-bands either through discrete cosine transforms or through discrete wavelet transforms is generally used. In this work, we are interested in spatial sub-bands coding with wavelet decomposition and we present in this context a comparative study between 5/3 and 9/7 wavelet filters and the variation of the decoded image quality depending on the level of wavelet decomposition. We support our study by objective and subjective quality assessments.


This report outlines the results of the Staff in Australia's Schools survey, which gathered information from over 13,000 secondary and primary school teachers and leaders across the country. It aimed to address key gaps in the data available to characterise the teaching profession to support workforce planning. The project also involved extensive consultations with key stakeholder groups on data needs and processes to support long-term workforce planning.


The authors outline modern therapeutic approaches regarding sexual dysfunctions of spinal cord injured men. After reviewing the fact that enervation of the penis mainly originates at 2 levels (D12-L2 and S2-S4) and ejaculation is controlled by D9-L1 and S2-S4), it is emphasised that changes in sexuality depend on the level and extent of the injury. The various therapeutic possibilities are discussed, from penile prosthesis to pharmaco-prosthesis for impotence and from vibromassages to electrostimulation for ejaculation.


It is known that for sizing papers and cardboards, starch is required, which has a lower viscosity compared to natural, increased stability and increased binding capacity. This is necessary so that the starch dispersions in the size press have a sufficiently high concentration, are process able and remain stable. The choice of an oxidizing agent and the conditions for the method of oxidizing corn starch are theoretically substantiated. The mechanism and regularities of the process of starch oxidation have been studied. Changes in the gel-forming and sorption properties of starch during its oxidation were revealed. The intervals of quantitative parameters of the components for the modification process are determined. The dependence of the surface tension of starch pastes on its concentration in solution has been obtained.


The topic of the diploma thesis "Bankassurance, its Rule in the Business of Commercial Banks" is the issue of bankassurance in the conditions of market economy. It focuses on theoretical description of bankassurance and describes the development of bankassurance in the conditions of the financial market in the Slovak Republic with regard to the expansion of bankassurance within the European Union. It summarizes the cooperation between banks and insurance companies operating in Slovakia and their product portfolio. An important part of it analyses advantages and disadvantages of bankassurance and developments in Slovakia.


The life cycle of ear mites of the genus Raillietia Trouessart consists of egg, larva, proto- and deutonymph and adult. The proto- and deutonymph are free living, non feeding instars. The teneral adult is the transfer stage. The minimum period required for completion of the life cycle is approximately eight days.


Abstract. The seasonal variability of non-refractory PM1 (NR-PM1) was studied at a rural background site (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice – NAOK) in the Czech Republic to examine the impact of atmospheric regional and long-range transport in Central Europe. NR-PM1 measurements were performed by compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (C-ToF-AMS), and the chemically speciated mass size distributions, effective density, and origin were discussed. The average PM1 concentrations, calculated as the sum of the NR-PM1 (after collection efficiency corrections – CE corrections of 0.4 and 0.33 in summer and winter, respectively) and the equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations measured by an aethalometer (AE), were 8.58 ± 3.70 μg m−3 in summer and 10.08 ± 8.04 μg m−3 in winter. Organics dominated during both campaigns (summer/winter: 4.97 ± 2.92/4.55 ± 4.40 μg m−3), followed by sulphate in summer (1.68 ± 0.81/1.36± 1.38 μg m−3) and nitrate in winter (0.67 ± 0.38/2.03 ± 1.71 μg m−3). The accumulation mode dominated the average mass size distribution during both seasons, with larger particles of all species measured in winter (mode diameters: Org: 334/413 nm, NO3−: 377/501 nm, SO42−: 400/547 nm, and NH4+: 489/515 nm) pointing to regional and long-range transport. However, since the winter aerosols were less oxidized than the summer aerosols (comparing fragments f44 and f43), the importance of local sources in the cold part of the year was not negligible. The average PM1 particle effective density, defined as the ratio of the mass to the volume of a particle, corresponded to higher inorganic contents during both seasons (summer: ∼ 1.30 g cm−3 and winter: ∼ 1.40 g cm−3). However, the effective densities during episodes of higher mass concentrations calculated based on the particle number (mobility diameter) and mass size distribution (vacuum aerodynamic diameter) were even higher, ranging from 1.40–1.60 g cm−3 in summer and from 1.40–1.75 g cm−3 in winter. Although aged continental air masses from the SE were rare in summer (7 %), they were connected with the highest concentrations of all NR-PM1 species, especially sulphate and ammonium. In winter, slow continental air masses from the SW (44 %) were linked to inversion conditions over Central Europe and were associated with the highest concentrations among all NR-PM1 measurements.


WGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the world's most important legumes. Groundnut
provides one of the largest sources of edible oils proteins and also rich source of vitamins,
minerals, anti-oxidants, flavonoids and isoflavonoids and commonly called as poor man's nut.
Drought is one of the major factors for groundnut as it is grown in the areas where there is less
rainfall. This investigation was conducted to study the physiological parameters in association
with groundnut yield under drought with four genotypes namely CO 7, COGn 4, TMV 7, TMVGn
13. Drought was imposed at Pre flowering stage 15-30 DAS by withholding water and control was
also maintained with irrigation to field capacity for comparison. Physiological parameters like
leaf area, chlorophyll Index, photosynthetic rate, were high in pre-flowering drought recovery
plants of CO 7 which contributes to higher pod yield (21.18 %) compared to control plants. In
this study the effects of soil moisture deficit on groundnut have been extensively studied and it
has been concluded that water stress at pre flowering stage increases the yield.


A torque wrench with wireless transmission function comprises at least one wrench body, a tooling head, at least one torque strain shaft, at least one torque sensing component, at least one torque processing circuit and at least one control receiver. The lower end of the tooling head is connected with a tooling component, the torque strain shaft is arranged in the wrench body, the torque sensing component combined fixedly on the surface of the torque strain axis is used for sensing torque value of the torque strain shaft and converting the sensed torque value into torque value signals, the torque processing circuit arranged inside the wrench body is connected with the torque sensing component and used for inputting the torque value signals, the torque processing circuit performs processes of displaying, alarming and storing the torque values and outputting torque value data via wireless transmission, the control receiver receives the torque value data outputted by the torque processing circuit via the wireless transmission, and the control receiver is connected remotely with at least one electronic device and used for transmitting the received torque value data to the electronic device. The torque wrench can remotely transmit at least one group of torque value data to be applied and managed.


A crossed laser‐molecular beam study of the photodissociation mechanism of Fe(CO)5 has been performed at 193 nm where time‐of‐flight measurements of the primary iron containing photofragments have been recorded under collision free conditions. The center‐of‐mass velocity distributions derived from the TOF data by the method of moments show that Fe(CO)2 accounts for >99% of all photoproducts formed after absorption of one photon. The only mechanism which quantitatively reproduces the measured velocity distributions is a sequence of three, uncorrelated, statistical CO eliminations. At high photon flux, a second photon can be absorbed by the Fe(CO)2 photofragment which decomposes by an uncorrelated sequential elimination of the remaining two CO ligands.


The present invention provides one kind of active pile foundation underpin structure, which includes a new underpin pile with pile cap and an underpin beam slab, and has a lifting jack on the pile cap for pre-lifting and unloading the underpin beam slab so as to transfer the load from the pile to be underpinned to the newly constructed underpin structure and realize force conversion. The present invention also provides the construction process of the active pile foundation underpin structure. The present invention makes it possible to control actively the deformation of the upper building to be underpinned, and is suitable for pile foundation underpin with great axial force.


Context An influence map and potential fields are used for finding path in domain of Robotics and Gaming in AI. Various distance measures can be used to find influence maps and potential fields. Ho ...


Due to the passive corner reflector widely used in airborne SAR calibration is greatly affected by the flight attitude of airborne platform and the process of manufacturing, processing and laying out the corner reflector. An airborne radiometric calibration method with random constrained evolution is proposed in this paper. Based on the principle of random sampling consistency, this method can iteratively extract the internal points of corner reflector samples for effectively avoiding the impact on the accuracy of conventional radiometric calibration methods when there are abnormal points in corner reflector samples. Finally, the experiment of X-band SAR data is applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Mickela Perera has been improving accessibility across the UK's biggest brands for over a decade. She tells Johanna Hamilton AMBCS why good UX is key to unlocking truly inclusive design.


The bivalve clade Heterodonta encompasses more than half of the extant bivalve species and is presently considered a derived group of the modern bivalves (Newell ; Waller ). Heterodonta is subdivided into two major lineages, the hyperdiverse Euheterodonta and Archiheterodonta. The latter comprises four relatively small extant families: Astartidae, Carditidae, Condylocardiidae and Crassatellidae, whose relationships and internal phylogeny are poorly understood. We assessed the phylogeny of archiheterodont bivalves using a multilocus data set comprised of molecular sequence data from six loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, cytochrome b, internal transcribed spacer 2 and histone H3). Resultant data sets of ~4 Kb of concatenated molecular sequence data were analysed using probabilistic approaches (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and parsimony direct optimization. We recovered strong support for the monophyly of Archiheterodonta, within which Astartidae is the sister group of Crassatellidae, and these two constitute the sister clade of Carditidae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Condylocardiidae. The relationships among the constituent species groups were evaluated in the context of the archiheterodont fossil record through the estimation of divergence times. Diversification times of archiheterodont families were congruent with bounded estimates of origins based on palaeontological data: Archiheterodonta diversified during the Devonian, 373.1 Ma (95% highest posterior density interval [HPD] 325.8–428.2); Crassatelloidea around the Carboniferous, 330.1 Ma (95% HPD 291.0–372.7); Crassatellidae around the Triassic, 224.0 (95% HPD 140.6–320.2); Astartidae around the Permian, 288.2 Ma (95% HPD 269.2–307.3); and Carditoidea around the Jurassic, 178.8 Ma (95% HPD 120.9–228.3).


The eutectic alloys rhenium–carbon, platinum–carbon and cobalt–carbon have been proposed as reference standards for thermometry, with temperature and uncertainty values specified within the mise en pratique of the definition of the kelvin. These alloys have been investigated in a collaboration of eleven national measurement institutes and laboratories. Published results reported the point-of-inflection in the melting curve with extremely low uncertainties. However, to be considered as standards it is necessary to stipulate what phenomenon a temperature value has been ascribed to; specifically, this should be a thermodynamic state. Therefore, the data have been further evaluated and the equilibrium liquidus temperatures determined based on a consideration of limits and assuming a rectangular probability distribution. The values are: for rhenium–carbon 2747.91  ±  0.44 K, for platinum–carbon 2011.50  ±  0.22 K and for cobalt–carbon 1597.48  ±  0.14 K, with uncertainties at approximately a 95% coverage probability. It is proposed that these values could be used as the basis of thermodynamic temperature measurement at high temperatures (above 1300 K).


Background: Normal elderly and mildly aphasic individuals may exhibit similar impairments in language comprehension and expression. Accurate differential diagnosis is essential for providing a prognosis, focusing treatment, and justifying reimbursement for services. Aims: We employed the principles of evidence‐based medicine to examine the accuracy of two general language tests (Porch Index of Communicative Ability; Western Aphasia Battery) and two functional communication tests (Communication Activities of Daily Living; American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association's Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults) for diagnosing mild aphasia, beyond individual clinical expertise. Methods & Procedures: The test performance of 10 mildly aphasic patients was compared with that of 10 non‐brain‐injured (NBI) adults. An operational definition of aphasia was applied as a reference standard for correct diagnosis. Pre‐test and post‐test diagnostic probabilities were compared, using the likelihood ratio as an index of accuracy. Outcomes & Results: In our sample, obtained positive likelihood ratios ranged from 3.00 to 6000.60, and the post‐test probability of a correct positive diagnosis ranged from 91% to 100%. However, the pre‐test probability of a correct positive diagnosis was already high (70–100%), because information necessary to diagnose correctly was available to the clinician prior to formal test administration. Thus, an overall score derived from subsequent administration of a formal test added, at best, moderate improvement over individual clinical expertise. The tests may prove more important for clinicians uncertain of a patient's diagnosis or for diagnosing "borderline" patients whose symptoms are unclear. For pre‐test probabilities between 40% and 60%, administration of one of the formal tests we examined may increase or decrease diagnostic probability by as many as 60 percentage points. Conclusion: Results indicate that overall scores derived from these tests are accurate but may or may not be important in confirming the presence or absence of mild aphasia, depending on the pre‐test probability of a positive diagnosis. Suggestions for testing the validity of our results within a wider spectrum of patients are provided.


We embedded Ru nanoparticles (NPs) into mesoporous TiO2 submicro-spheres (MTSS) with tunable morphologies for benzene selective hydrogenation (BSH). It is identified that the TiO2 precursor prepared by the sol-gel step bore smooth microsphere morphology, which was transformed into the submicro-sphere morphology with rough surface by the subsequent solvothermal treatment and calcination, accompanying with a sharp increment in pore size but a decrement in acidity. The gradual elevation of the content of ammonia in solvothermal mixture from 0 to 9.1 vol.% further increased the pore size while imposed no evident impact on the acidity. In BSH to cyclohexene, the turnover frequency (TOF) evolved the same variation along with the acidity of the Ru@MTSS catalysts, whereas the initial selectivity toward cyclohexene (S0) volcanically evolved with the pore size passing through a maximum of 90%, ascribing to the easy diffusion and desorption but suppressed readsorption of cyclohexene in the mesopores with proper size.


Dental erosion is a frequent complication of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Loss of superficial enamel can be observed by a color change towards yellow and increased translucency of the teeth. The aim of our study was to analyze salivary parameters and dental erosion status in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and to evaluate optical properties (color parameters variation) and microstructural modifications (using atomic force microscopy) of eroded compared to healthy dental structures. The association of dental erosion and gastro-esophageal reflux disease was significant. Variations of ∆E are higher than general average variations of ∆L in these patients.


The white blood cell count and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were studied in 180 hospital patients with a clear‐cut diagnosis of pertussis. In children below 6 months, the white blood cell picture favoured a diagnosis of pertussis in only one out of every four or five cases during the first 3 weeks of the disease, but not later. In children over 6 months, absolute leucocytosis and lymphocytosis were noted in the majority during the first 2 weeks of the disease (leucocytosis in 63 % and lymphocytosis in 71 %). During the third and fourth weeks changes in the white cells supported the diagnosis of pertussis in 80% and 50%, respectively. Marked leucocytosis (more than 50,000 leucocytes per mm3. of blood) was noted in 8 cases. I n uncomplicated pertussis the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually normal or subnormal and does not appear to vary with the patient's age or the week of the disease.


Objective To evaluate the effect of seaples made in china for the treatment of serious hemorrhoids in PPH.Methods To operate the Ⅲ,Ⅳ stage hemorrhoids of 152 cases by the application of the special designed round seaples.Results The average operation time is about 21 minutes,the time in hospital is 3 days after operation.98% of patients are satisfied with the effect of operation,no replase,no incontinence of faeces and urine,anus narrowness and anusifis after following-up of 1 month to 3 years.The operation costs from 1500 yuan to 2000 yuan,with the average expenses of 1750 yuan.Conclusions The PPH made in China has the characteristic of operating simply,safely and reliably,little pain,recovering fast,less complication,short time in hospital and low expense of treatment.It is deserved to be popularized.


In current scholarship Byzantine architecture has been isolated from contemporaneous Western European developments. Moreover, its proper understanding is hampered by preconceptions and expectations based on our greater familiarity with Western medieval architecture. Accused by medievalists of being small, stagnant, and dull, Byzantine architecture may be facing, at best, utter disregard. The following paper attempts to clarify several common misconceptions and to suggest ways in which Byzantine architecture might be integrated into the larger picture of medieval architectural developments.


Live container migration allows containers to roam from one server to another to achieve agility goals like load balancing, tackling machine failures, scaling in/out and reallocating resources. However, migrating a container is also costly mainly due to memory state migration — a large number of memory pages need to be copied from the source server to the destination server. In this paper, we propose a fast and live container migration approach, mWarp, in an intra-host scenario, where both the source and destination virtual machine (VM) servers reside on the same physical host. Instead of copying a container's memory, mWarp relocates the ownership of the container's physical memory pages from the source VM to the destination VM with a highly-efficient memory remapping mechanism. As relocation of memory ownership is light-weight, mWarp leads to fast and live container migration with less service disruption to applications running in containers being migrated. We implement mWarp upon a well-known live container migration tool (CRIU) with key kernel/hypervisor-level support. The evaluation with both micro benchmarks and real-world applications shows that mWarp greatly reduces the total container migration time and downtime (e.g., by an order of magnitude) with significantly improved application-level performance (e.g., by 20%).


Abstract We investigate in this paper a non-characteristic Cauchy problem for a one-dimensional heat conduction equation in a multilayer domain, which is a well-known ill-posed problem. We first formulate the Cauchy problem in the frequency domain via Fourier transform technique. A modified version of the classical Tikhonov regularization technique together with the corresponding error estimates is presented. Several numerical examples are constructed to demonstrate the superior efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach. Numerical results show that the modified Tikhonov regularization technique performs better than the classical Tikhonov regularization technique.


The method and system of the infrared point measurement of temperature is introduced. Modification of colorimeter temperature is expounded. The modification data of emissivity using polynomial or exponent equation are given by computer simulation. High precision measurement for temperature can be accomplished by using the data.


This paper is under the title of "The textual Distance and the Transportable Interpretation," from two texts by Anwar Qadir Jaff and Qubadi Jali Zada. This analysis is part of the PH.D. research under the title of "Reception Theory and the Criticism of Kurdish poetry," in which two concepts such as textual distance and transportable interpretation have been discussed; moreover, Wolfgang Iser was the actual person who founded those two mentioned concepts. Above all, Iser was fundamentally one of the leaders of reception theory. Then, this analysis aims at clarifying the way those two concepts deal with the texts to gain their appropriate meanings. After that, this argument between those two concepts and their effects on texts has been practiced in the 'Talesim and Ay Way Zara Gyan,' which were two challenging texts. In the end, the achieved aims have been identified.


Self-avoiding walks on the body-centered-cubic (BCC) and face-centered-cubic (FCC) lattices are enumerated up to lengths 28 and 24, respectively, using the length-doubling method. Analysis of the enumeration results yields values for the exponents γ and ν which are in agreement with, but less accurate than, those obtained earlier from enumeration results on the simple cubic lattice. The non-universal growth constant and amplitudes are accurately determined, yielding for the BCC lattice μ=6.530520(20), A=1.1785(40), and D=1.0864(50), and for the FCC lattice μ=10.037075(20), A=1.1736(24), and D=1.0460(50).


WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, MARCH 25, 1959, 1 P.M. Papers were presented reporting on research projects on the gifted. Walter Barbe, NAGC president and professor of Education, University of Chattanooga presided. Elsie J. Alberty, Research Associate, The University School, Ohio State University, College of Education presented &dquo;The Identification and Development of Talent in Heterogeneously Grouped Students in a General Education Program of the Secondary Level.&dquo;


Student engagement has emerged as an important topic in higher education, and researchers have determined that engagement in educational activities is vital if students are to retain what they learn. Retention of knowledge is crucial in a stressful healthcare environment; thus, educators must identify the associated engagement factors. Concept mapping—an active, student-centered learning strategy in which students construct a diagram to depict related concepts—offers learners a practical application to improve critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and engagement in educational activities. Using the same data and building on the findings from a previous basic qualitative study, in this article, we examine the theoretical basis for students' engagement during concept mapping in a flipped clinical learning environment. Accordingly, this article discusses the factors that influenced the engagement of students who completed concept mapping within a clinical learning environment and explains how the process of mapping patient care improved students' engagement in learning. Findings from the previous study indicated that the concept mapping process supported students to progress beyond participation to achieve self-direction, higher-level thinking, and improved clinical decision making. Theoretical implications from this analysis suggested that concept mapping, when used as a teaching strategy, is valuable for engaging students cognitively, physically, and emotionally. Implications also include the potential to help educators link curriculum design and delivery to student engagement.


This presentation reports on the findings of a 2016 assessment of undergraduate internships at Musselman Library. The presentation will include the impact of these high-impact experiences on previous interns' development of career goals, acceptance to and preparation for graduate education, and their early career.


Spatial autocorrelation means the variables have a certain spatial law.And spatial regresson is a regression technology concern with spatial correlation.In this paper,spatial autocorrelation theory is applied to analysis the land prices of samples and to find the regularity among them.In addition,a spatial linear regression model is given to appraise the land price based on samples and infecting factors.


Objectives: To compare rates of Copper T380A intrauterine device (IUD) utilization and satisfaction with immediate versus delayed IUD insertion after cesarean delivery in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial of women undergoing cesarean section who desired an IUD in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were randomly assigned to IUD insertion at the time of cesarean delivery or 6 weeks afterward. The primary outcome was IUD utilization at 6 months after delivery. Results: Among 68 women who underwent randomization, an IUD was inserted in 100% (34/34) of the women in the immediate insertion group and in 53% (18/34) in the delayed group. IUD use at 6 months was higher in the immediate insertion group (93% vs. 50% after delayed insertion; pb.0001). Infection and expulsion were rare and did not differ between groups. When we pooled both groups and looked at IUD users compared to nonusers, 91% (39/43) of IUD users were satisfied or very satisfied with their contraceptive method compared to 44% (11/25) of nonusers (pb.0001). Women who chose not to be in the study or had the IUD removed often did so because of perceived husband or community disapproval. Conclusion: The 6-month utilization of an IUD after immediate insertion was significantly higher than after delayed insertion without increased complications. Contraceptive satisfaction was significantly higher among IUD users than nonusers. Community and husband


This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of the technological parameters of a focused ion beam (FIB) on the process of local ion-stimulated deposition of carbon and tungsten when creating elements of vacuum nanoelectronics. The dependences are obtained illustrating the influence of the time of the FIB exposure at a point on the geometric parameters of the structures. Experimental samples of vacuum field-emission diodes based on semiconductor-metal-dielectric structures were fabricated by ion-stimulated carbon deposition. A technological process for creating field-emission diodes has been developed. The prospects of applying the FIB method for creating structures of vacuum field emission nanoelectronics are demonstrated.


Partial transient liquid phase bonding (PTLP bonding) of Si iN4 ceramic with Ti (5 μm) /Cu (70μm) /Ti multi-interlayer is performed by changing time and temperature. The joint interfaces are analyzed by SEM and EDX and the kinetics in PTLP bonding of SinN4 ceramic has been systematiclly studied. The results show that the growth of reaction layer and the transposition of isothemal solidification interface obey the parabolic law and are controlled by the diffusion of participating elements. It is pointed out that the optimization of the bonding parameters for the PTLP bonding of ceramics differs from that of conventional reactive brazing and the diffusion bonding. Both processes of the growth and the lio^iid phase isothermal solidification should be harmonized, in order to increase joint strength at room temperature and at high temperature simultaneously.


In this letter, direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is considered for an impulsive noise case. The original complex-valued measurement for DOA problem is expressed as an augmented real-valued measurement using the real and imaginary parts. To deal with the impulsive noises, a function approximation technique is used. For the real-valued model, a robust DOA estimation algorithm is proposed based on sparse signal reconstruction. Simulation is given to demonstrate the validity and superiority of our method.


Based on cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC), this paper attempts to propose a new chromosome representation scheme for representing real number parameters in genetic algorithms (GAs), which is termed CMAC-based GAs. The central idea of CMAC-based GAs is that each memory unit in a CMAC network is regarded as a real-valued gene in GAs. By this way, a chromosome is represented as those memory units addressed by a specific state and each gene involves partial information about a potential solution, not a potential solution as the conventional GAs. In addition, the corresponding crossover and mutation operators are also derived for the proposed GAs. The proposed CMAC-based GAs is applied to optimize the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative controller. Simulation results are compared with several previous findings to demonstrate the search performance of the proposed method.


We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with previous adenocarcinoma in the unilateral breast. Squamous cell carcinoma is often cystic in nature with a variable presentation on mammogram. Its diagnosis necessitates the preclusion of a primary site of squamous carcinoma elsewhere in the body. The treatment of this cancer is similar to other types of breast carcinoma. Its prognosis remains unclear.


As HoQ has the problems of inherent fuzziness and uncertainty,basic principles of rough set theory have been introduced.And the concept of rough number has been put for ward for the impersonal importance rating of customer requirements.On basis of the definitions of condition entropy and mutual information,and with the transformation of the calculation of the relationship between customer requirements and technical characteristics,and of the self-correlation of technical characteristics into the importance calculation of condition attributes in decision system,an improved algorithm of attributes importance,which can raise the calculation accuracy,has been proposed.In order to optimize the configuration of technical characteristics,an integer-programming model has been established with the objective to minimize deviation variable between decision value and target value of usable resources so that the mapping from customer requirements to technical characteristics is realized.The case of the design of a thrust bearing verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.


This article is an operational continuation of a theoretical model to investigate organizational publics. A test of the model was conducted as proprietary research in an actual public relations campaign. Major aspects of the model were supported; however, refinements were indicated. Application of the model resulted in theory-based recommendations for the organization, identified theoretical implications, and allowed for additional discussion of a Homo Narrans paradigm for public relations. This research effort conceptually and operationally establishes a communication theory-method-message-behavior complex and makes this model available for use by practitioners and researchers alike.


Advances in screening and treatment of breast cancer have led to reductions in breast cancer recurrence and mortality. However, systemic therapies can cause long-term and late effects that negatively impact the quality of life of patients with breast cancer. It is important for patients to be aware of the potential risks, and for providers to be knowledgeable about symptom management options. For example, taxane chemotherapies reduce the risk of disease recurrence but can cause long-lasting neuropathy that interferes with activities of daily living. Unfortunately, few effective interventions for preventing or treating neuropathy have thus far been identified. Similarly, endocrine therapies significantly reduce the risk of recurrence of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. However, tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitors can cause menopausal symptoms and arthralgias that affect survivors of breast cancer of all ages. Interventions that can effectively treat these symptoms in some, but not all, patients have been identified. In this educational session, prevention and treatment approaches for key long-term and late effects in patients with breast cancer will be discussed. Citation Format: N Henry. Toxicities of breast cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr SP059.


The emulsion polymerization of styrene using a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and lithium fluorooctane sulfonate (LiFOS) has been studied. The polymerization rate decreased upon increasing the mole fraction of LiFOS, and was dependent on the solubilized amount of styrene in mixed surfactant solutions of SDS and LiFOS. The particle size increased upon increasing the mole fraction of LiFOS on the whole, and the molecular weight of the polymer formed in latices decreased upon increasing the mole fraction of LiFOS. Furthermore, the molecular-weight distribution of the latex polymer formed in mixed emulsifier solutions was considerably wider than that of the latex polymer formed in a single-emulsifier solution. It was confirmed from the above results that LiFOS had a repressive effect on the polymerization rate, and that it affected the number of particles and the molecular weight in the emulsion-polymerization process.


Concern grows that if we don't effectively manage our waste we will leave a legacy of wasted resources, wasted energy and waste disposal problems for future generations. Recognising this, the Centre for Advanced Engineering chose waste management as its second major project with the intention of contributing to better management of wastes in New Zealand.


Cbgnitive processes especial~y short-term memory are primarily impaired in normal ageing and more dramatically so in dementing diseases. other psychological effects are also evident. '!here is with age a general decay in sensorimotor processing including visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory and olfactory systems (Flicker et aI, 1985) but in dementia these mo:ialities are not enhanced. '!he control of behaviour is largely mediated wi thin the brain by the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, septum, mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus and their connecting fibres). '!he frontal and parietal lobes of the neocortex (association areas) are more concerned with higher functions of thought and perception. The temporal lobe contains large areas of association cortex and is involved with memory of visual tasks and learning of auditory patterns. More subtle higher functions connected with movement and speech are also controlled by the cortex. There is generally loss of weight in the ageing brain and in non-vascular dementia atrophy may be pronounced. Selective loss or shrinkage also cx::curs. Biochemical metho:is have been used to identify the neurotransmitter systems and metabolic pathways affected. Neurotransmitters and higher mental functions Since communication between neurons is mediated at the synapse by the release of low molecular-weight excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, measurement of the ability of brain tissue to synthesize such transmitters and their absolute concentration in CNS tissue together with assessment of their receptor concentration may give a clue to selective defects in their metabolism. This is particularly relevant, for mo:iification of the sensitive mechanism of synaptic transmission can result in altered brain function as happens in psychiatric or neurological disorder as a result of changes in neurotransmitter or receptor concentration. Function within the CNS depends on neuronal interaction in which different chemical transmitters may participate. For example dopaminergic pathways in the basal ganglia are of especial importance in controlling movement and loss of neurons from the substantia nigra and the projections to the striatum is associated with the tremor of Parkinson's disease. Cell counts in the substantia nigra, where this


This study aims to determine the sustainability status of the Re-Opening Oil Wells of Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The method used in this research is Multidimensional Scaling analysis which is implemented using Rap-Re-Opening Oil Wells software. Existing status of Wells Bojonegoro Re-Opening Oil Sustainability Less Sustainable with the weighting value of each dimension is 34.56%, 39.73%, 45.25%, 37.90%, 57.00%. The strategy to increase the addition of status values from the 5 dimensions of the Sustainability Index, evaluated only one dimension that is sustainable with a fairly good status. The results obtained from the improvement scenario obtained by the respective percentage figures as follows; Ecology 41.44%, Economics 61.62%, Social and Culture 45.25%, Technology 42.02%, Institutional 61, 29%. Thus the strategy to increase sustainable status can be improved by the Oil Wells Rap-Re-Opening Method.


In the obituary of Jon Barwise, one of the greatest logicians of the secondhalf of the twentieth century, Jon Dorbolo recalls how Barwise usedto remark that 'logic is not playing games with symbols,' but it 'is thescience of valid reasoning' (Dorbolo 2000: 179). Everyone who hastaught logic at any level has noticed how di‰cult is — contrary to whatmight, in principle, be expected — to combine pure thought with real lifein their pedagogy, in order to help the students to discover that what istaught in the classroom has some relation with their ordinary way ofthinking.The causes of this phenomenon are very complex, and are not reducibleto a fear of psychologism or to the mathematization of modern logic sinceFrege. As is well known, the humanists of the fifteenth century were al-ready very critical of the later medieval logicians, accusing them of hav-ing lost contact with the real problems in the middle of the obscure scho-lastic debates. For instance, according to Juan Luis Vives it is necessary'to transform logic into a useful and practical tool, because the disciplinesthat deal with language are necessarily linked with vital and concrete ex-perience' (Mun˜oz Delgado 1986: 119; Ashworth 1982; Cerezo 1996). Infact, much of the great interest in philosophy of language in the secondhalf of the twentieth century has had a direct relation with this questionof providing context for logic. Nevertheless, it is not enough to bring lifeback to logic by paying more attention to language. It will be also neces-sary to pay attention to the real processes through which human beings,professors of logic or lay people, acquire new ideas and discover newknowledge.


The invention discloses an envelope detection device and a method thereof. The envelope detection device comprises a power divider, a first detecting tube, a second detecting tube and a gain filter; one output end of the power divider is connected with an input end of the gain filter through the first detecting tube, and the other output end of the power divider is connected with the input end ofthe gain filter through the second detecting tube; the power divider divides an input radiofrequency signal into two radiofrequency signals, one of the radiofrequency signals is changed into a first envelope signal through the positive detection of the first detecting tube, and the first envelope signal is output to the gain filter, the other radiofrequency signal is changed into a second envelope signal through the reverse detection of the second detecting tube, and the second envelope signal is output to the gain filter; and the gain filter integrates the first envelope signal andthe second envelope signal into an envelope signal, and the envelope signal is amplified and output. The envelope detection device and the method thereof have the advantages of lower cost, small timedelay, larger dynamic detection range, and higher precision.