Two remote and nondestructive testing techniques for the study of the decay mechanism of stone and plaster surfaces are presented. While electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI) measures the 3-D-microdeformations of the surface, transient thermography shows at the same time invisible defects and structural faults as a reaction to the impact of short heat pulses. The combination of these two different techniques demonstrates its feasibility to detect restorative work and shows the compatibility of classical and modern substitutes and restoration techniques to historical materials.


African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one type of freshwater fish that has high economic value. African catfish with intensive cultivation are hampered by the high cost of feed that is not in accordance with the selling price of African catfish. An alternative effort that can be done is the addition of probiotics to feed which is expected to reduce feed costs. Probiotics are living microorganisms in fish culture that can prevent disease, thereby increasing production and can reduce economic losses. This study aims to analyze the effect of probiotics on the growth of absolute weight and daily growth rate of African catfish. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments namely 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml / kg of feed and repeated 3 times. Activities carried out in this study include preparation of containers, seed stocking, fish sampling, feed preparation, feeding and water management. The variables observed were absolute weight growth and daily growth rate. The results showed that the addition of probiotics to commercial feed significantly affected the growth of weight and daily growth rate of African catfish


In order to reveal the strengthening effect and the mechanical mechanism of the RC beams strengthened with pestressed CFRP sheets,the experiments have been conducted for the RC beams strengthened with pestressed CFRP sheets on flexural performance and mechanical performance,and a simple method for prestressing was proposed.The character of destroy and the course of crack of the RC beams strengthened with pestressed CFRP sheets are expatiated.And the changes of carrying capacity,flexibility and rigidity are analyzed when the layers and the way of gluing of pestressed CFRP are difference.The results show the bonded pestressed CFRP can effectively increase the flexural rigidity and enhance the flexural performance and durability of the members.


In this paper, the nonlinear phase noise accumulation in OPC system is theoretically analyzed. Then, the comparison between the performance of the OPC system and the dispersion-compensated (DC) system is made.


We present simultaneously measured barrier distributions for the 20 Ne + 208 Pb system derived from large-angle quasielastic scattering and fusion, in the latter case by means of the detection of fission fragments. Both distributions turned out to be smooth, in spectacular disagreement with the results of standard coupled-channels calculations. Namely, they do not posses the strong structure expected from coupled-channels calculations, even if apparently they take into account explicitly all relevant strong couplings. This points to the importance of weak channels, i


Adult education historical narratives tend to reflect a majoritarian view in which the theoretical formulations of African American and other persons of color tend to be minimized or forgotten. Drawing on the concept of counter narrative and Ricoeur's concept of "happy forgetting", we argue that selectivity in constructing adult education historical knowledge overlooks scholarship in the past 20 years that highlight the theoretical and programmatic contributions to adult education of African American adult educators. We offer two examples for discussion and propose that challenging majoritarian narratives involves conscious and critical reflection on historical method and the re-telling of counter narratives as a step toward reconstructing adult education historical knowledge. Adult education historians, with rare exception, have found themselves on the margin of adult educational discourse and debate (e.g., Carlson, 1980; Stubblefield, 1991). Apart from a flurry of scholarship in the 1980s and early1990s, historical research remains on the periphery of educational research. With a concern for addressing educational needs and an interest in change, adult educators are quite understandably focused on the present and the future. Stubblefield (1991) each reminds us that the development of the field of theory and practice depends in part on historical narrative to identify the field and its core values and concerns. Historical knowledge allows adult educators to expand perspective and deepen judgment about contemporary issues and debates. The main advantage to studying the history of the field is, as Law (1988) says to "read history to make sense of the world we live in today" (p. 37). We contend that historical memory, itself the product of historical research, is vital in framing adult educators' understanding of the field and its development. Counter Narratives and "Happy Forgetting": Critical Race Theory and Paul Ricoeur's Theory of Historical Selectivity We draw on two theoretical traditions to frame our discussion, critical race theory and the concept of counter narrative as well as Paul Ricoeur's work, Memory, History, Forgetting (2004). Critical race theory scholars have emphasized the important role of telling counter narratives, that is for the marginalized to tell their stories of discrimination and the impact of oppression on their lives. Counter narratives function as a sort of antidote to majoritarian narratives which seek to rationalize social inequality in ways that mask the working of oppression. Solorzano and Yosso (2002) outline how counter narratives serve to produce oppositional knowledge that challenges and undermines dominant (or majoritarian) narratives.


Phase averaged velocity fields in the near wake region behind a square cylinder have been (successfully) obtained using randomly sampled PIV data sets. The Reynolds number based on the flow velocity and the vertex height was 3,900. To identify the phase information, we examined the magnitude of circulation and the center of peak vorticity. The center of vorticity was estimated from lowpass filtered vorticity contours (LES decomposition) adopting a sub-pixel searching algirithm. Due to the sinusoidal nature of firculation which is closely related to the instantaneous vorticity, the location of peak voticity fits well with a sine curve of the circulation magnitude. Conditionally-averaged velocity fields represent the barman vortex shedding phenomenon very well within 5 degrees phase uncertainty. The oscillating nature of the separated shear layer and the separation bubble at the top surface are clearly observed. With the hot-wire measurements of Strouhal frequency, we found thats the convection velocity changes its magnitude very rapidly from 25 to 75 percent of the free stream velocity along the streamwise direction when the flow passes by the recirculation region.


Education can be done well if it gets the support of the elderly, the environment and the institutions that exist. The primary purpose of education is to develop potential religious, spiritual self-control, personality, intelligence, morals, as well as the necessary skills themselves, society, and nation and State as set forth in the national education goals. In order to realize these goals need strategies, methods, techniques and ways in the hopes of all potentials can be developed and optimize. Full day school education model into a system of learning that seeks to offer an alternative in realizing the purpose of education. The system is applied in a full day of instruction school stressing the aspects of development including the following character values, honest, religious tolerance, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, passion, love of the fatherland, to appreciate the achievements, friendly/communicative, peace-loving, an avid reader, care for the environment, social responsibility and caring. The achievements of learners can be achieved by developing the institution of learning system using full day school, where students and teachers are active in learning activities and entwined deep emotional bond as well as control the influence from the environment outside the school who observed and controlled.


During the period of 1968 and 1969, insect pest of the confection was investigated in Miyagi Prefecture. Almost all the damages found out by the consumers' complaints about worm-eaten confectioneries as well as the damaged ones detected by our observations in the marketing process, were caused by larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The number of damages above-mentioned was conspicuous with the chocolate group, especially chocolate with nuts, solid milk chocolate being the next. The damages among other confectioners; those with nuts or beans, such as sugar-coated nuts or beans, were remarkable. The rest, the Saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, and the Japanese white-marked spider beetle, Ptinus japonicus, ate solid milk chocolate. In addition to this, the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci, was found in the bait trap using biscuits; and the Meal snout moth, Pyralis farinalis, the European grain moth, Nemapogon granella, the Japanese grain moth, Aphomia gularis, the Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and the Azuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis, were collected in our general survey. Plodia's distribution proved to be wide in the Prefecture owing to the consumers' complaints and to the bait trap method (using solid milk chocolate, biscuits, caramels with peanuts). And the insect found in all stores where we set the trap: candy stores, general food stores (inclusing super-markets), and small-sized general stores dealing confections; and in every warehouse of wholesalers. Besides, Plodia was often found in consumers' houses. Thus, the damage by this insect may take place everywhere.


Design-Build (D-B) has been increasingly adopted for construction projects in the United States. Previous research has identified the desire to reduce the total project delivery time as the primary reason to select D-B. However, inexperience of state transportation departments (STD) with D-B can slow the procurement phase, endangering the desired time reduction. Therefore, the knowledge of the activities to be included in a D -B procurement process and their critical sequencing is a central issue in conducting projects under D -B. Although many recent studies focused on the evaluation aspect of the procurement, much less attention has been paid to the sequencing of activities to be performed by a STD between the "go/no go" decision and the contract execution . This paper summarizes the findings from research analyzing the procurement of two D-B projects in Texas: State Highway 130 (SH130), and the State Highway 45 Southeast (SH45 SE). Using the lessons learned from these ongoing projects, the researchers have developed a streamlined D-B pro curement process for delivering highway projects.


Fruits and vegetables present almost ideal conditions for the survival and development of many microorganisms. Berries are well known as fruits that have a very short shelf life after harvesting, mainly due to spoilage microorganisms, mostly fungi. Therefore, drying represents a usual technique used to preserve some of the nutritional and quality parameters of fresh berries, such as color, aroma, vitamin content, etc. In this study patulin concentration was determined for dried organic berries (bilberries and cranberries). Various pretreatment methods were used before drying. The results showed that patulin was not detected, regardless of the used drying or pretreatment process.


Defines corporate governance, describes the special characteristics of Belgian companies and presents a study of the disciplining of bad management in 165 companies listed on the Brussels stock exchange 1989‐1996. Finds that poor share price performance is generally linked to a higher turnover of directors except in holding companies and that several measures of poor accounting performance are linked to higher director and CEO turnover, although there is more resistance to this in large companies and less in those with a higher proportion of non‐executive directors or total/foreign ownership. Shows that negative after‐tax earnings lead owners with strong monitoring abilities (e.g. holding companies) to increase their stake while others (e.g. families and institutional shareholders) reduce it; and that CEO replacement is followed by increased dividends. Summarizes the findings, noting the differences between the finance sector and others.


A differential high impedance circuit for use in an acoustic apparatus includes a first set of transistor devices and a second set of transistor devices. The first set of transistor devices includes a first transistor (302) and a second transistor (306), and the first transistor (302) coupled to Vdd and the second transistor (306) coupled ground. The second set of two transistor devices includes a third transistor (304) and a fourth transistor (308). The third transistor (304) is coupled to the first transistor (302) and provides a first output (Out+), and the fourth transistor (308) is coupled to the second transistor (306) and provides a second output (Out-). The first and second outputs configured to provide a resistance.


Introduction: For skeletal Class III malocclusions requiring surgical orthodontic treatment, labial inclination of the mandibular incisors is often necessary to improve dental compensation. However, the alveolar bone width of the mandibular symphysis in these patients is prone to be narrower than in patients with individual normal occlusion so that movement of the lower incisors is limited. Therefore, we investigated the alveolar bone width of the mandibular symphysis and molar areas in skeletal Class III malocclusion cases with either non-open bite or open bite without incisor attrition using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Among patients 16 years old or older with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent CBCT, we enrolled 30 patients with open bite without incisor attrition and 30 patients with non-open bite. Using CBCT, we measured the width of the lingual side cortical bone at 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the width of the alveolar bone of the symphysis at 10 mm below the CEJ of the lower central incisor. Results : The mandibular anterior alveolar bone width, measured at 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mm from the CEJ, was significantly narrower in the open-bite group than in the non-open-bite group. Between the distal root of the lower first molars and the second molars, the right buccal cortical bone of the open-bite group was significantly narrower at 6.0 mm and 8.0 mm from the CEJ than that of the non-open-bite group, but no significant difference was found in the left buccal cortical bone. Additionally, the right lingual cortical bone at 6.0 mm and the left lingual cortical bone at 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm from the CEJ were significantly narrower in the open-bite group than in the non-open-bite group. Furthermore, the width of the right alveolar bone was significantly narrower in the open-bite group than in the non-open-bite group at 8.0 mm from the CEJ. Discussion: In the case of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion, there was less mechanical stimulation in the open-bite group than in the non-open-bite group. This suggests that the occlusal forces were smaller and the width of the mandibular molar alveolar and buccal cortical bone narrower in the open-bite group than in the non-open-bite group.


Students who develop a strong interest in another field can hardly be fair target for retention efforts. There are others, however, who might do very well in this field but who leave computer science because of misunderstandings about and a negative experience in this academic major. Retention literature suggests and provides numerous examples of initiatives that improve student retention. To determine how best to impact student retention in your computer science department, a comprehensive understanding of the student experience of your major is essential. Not only is it important to know why students leave your major, but an understanding of why they stay can be useful in developing high impact initiatives.
 The current study involves a comparative examination of students who graduated from the computer science (CS) major at Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia (Stayers) with students who chose to leave the major (Leavers). Specifically, perceptions and experiences of computer science as a field in general and the climate of the major were studied. Comparative data collected provided insights into reasons why they entered into the major, about belief of adequate preparation and confidence going into the major, definitions of CS and other related factors. Results were analyzed to identify potential target areas and concrete implementation strategies are suggested for improved retention in the computer science major at this institution.


Although earthquake damage was negligible in Korea during the last a few decades, its historic records suggest that the peninsula have experienced severe earthquake damages throughout the history. The potential for disastrous earthquakes, therefore, should always be considered. Harbors handle 99.6% of imported and exported cargo in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to secure the safety of harbors against seismic events and to establish a support system of emergency measures. Although instrumental seismic data are favored for seismic hazard estimation, their history in the peninsula is limited only to the past 30 years, which does not represent the long-term seismic characteristics of the peninsula. We use historic earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 to observe long-term regional seismic hazards. Results of historic earthquake records indicate relatively high seismic hazard at harbors in Pohang, Ulsan and Incheon. Analysis of instrumental earthquake records reveal relatively high seismic hazard for harbors located along the East coast including Okgye, Mukho, Donghae, Samcheok, Pohang, and Ulsan.


National rituals and symbolic existence that lose the public worth are decayed by new authority. National shrine(Jong Myo, 宗廟) became a place of conflict, especially among the forses of Joseon Aristocracy and colonial power and was piled up with an ugly rumor. Joseon Governor General office's policy regarding Yi Royal Family(李王家) and the Joseon Aristocracy is closely related on various incidents and transition of the National shrine(Jong Myo, 宗廟). These incidents and transformation were a product generated by the tension between the various forces. And These were occurred in long conflict, not at a time. This transition had a big hit on Korean identity. The image of decline in the National shrine(Jong Myo, 宗廟) was the embarrassing self-portrait of a Korean. The change of National shrine(Jong Myo, 宗廟) shows us well how to leave the traumas of Japanese colonial period by loss of a large symbolic and social meanings.


Vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the genetic diversity of four populations of wild Ruditapes philippinarum from the north coast of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China. Eight enzymes revealed eighteen putative loci, and six of them were polymorphic, including Ldh-1, Ldh-2,Est-1, Est-2, Sod -1 and Sod-2. The proportion of polymorphic loci of R. philippinarum populations was 33.33 %. For the four populations,the mean number of alleles was 1.441 2, the mean effective number of alleles per locus was 1.126 0, the mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.057 0 and 0.082 5, respectively, while the deviation index from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (d) of polymorphic locus was -0.235 8,showing that the genetic diversity of R. philippinarum was relatively low.


Introduction Hip dislocation after hemiarthroplasty performed in elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture is associated with severe morbidity and costs. Optimal anteversion during the placement of the hemiarthroplasty might reduce the dislocation rate. We assessed the surgeons' intraoperative visual estimations of the femoral anteversion. Methods The postoperative femoral anteversion of 20 consecutively performed hemiarthroplasties was measured on computer tomography and compared to the intraoperative visual estimations of the surgeon. Furthermore, the femoral anteversion of the contralateral non-fractured hip, which was considered the 'ideal' anatomical reference, was recorded. Results The mean postoperative anteversion of the hemiarthroplasty was 20° (SD 8.7°). The mean femoral anteversion of the contralateral non operated femur was 14° (SD 9.5°). The average difference between the anteversion angle estimated by the surgeon and the CT-measured is 9° (1° to 18°). In 14 (70%) cases the measured angle was greater than desired. Conclusions The current operation technique in which the anteversion angle is estimated by the surgeon's eye shows relatively good intraoperative precision.


Marginal tissue recession (MTR) by definition is an apical shift of gingival margin, which leads to exposure of root surface. Patients affected with MTR often complain of sensitivity to cold on exposed root surfaces apart from esthetic concerns. In this article, a case of multiple Miller's class I MTR who presented with sensitivity to cold in relation to maxillary anterior teeth region was treated using Zucchelli's coronally advanced flap with pericardium membrane under operating microscope. The application of principles of periodontal microsurgery and guided tissue regeneration results in significant root coverage with reduction/elimination of sensitivity. Long-term success of root coverage procedures depends on the removal of etiology and maintenance therapy.


In this paper, A new cyclic iterative algorithm for split common fixed-point problems of demicontractive mappings is investigated. A strong convergence theorem with no compactness assumptions on the spaces or the mappings and with no extra conditions on fixed-point sets is established in real Hilbert spaces.


This is the first of two papers that develop theories and numerical methods for photoionization microscopy of hydrogen atoms in strong electric fields, in semiclassical and quantum-mechanical frameworks, respectively. In this paper, semiclassical open-orbit theory is presented to describe the propagation of outgoing electron waves to macroscopic distances. Spatial distributions of electron probability densities and current densities are predicted. The open-orbit theory, based on an assumption that electron waves propagate along classical paths from a pointlike source to a detector, provides a clear and intuitive physical picture to interpret structures of observed geometrical interference patterns in photoionization microscopy. We calculate photoelectron ejection of hydrogen atoms in electric fields, and comparison is made with quantum-mechanical results, which will be detailed in the second paper [Zhao and Delos, Phys. Rev. A 81, 053418 (2010)]. A strong quantum tunneling effect has been found. Such a tunneling effect should be visible in the experiment.


Using the rolling process, it is possible to induce multiple shear bands in the microstructure of metallic glasses (MGs) and improve the overall plasticity in the subsequent mechanical loadings. Hence, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of shear banding and plastic deformation under the rolling process. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to evaluate the formation and generation of shear bands in a CuZr MG under cold- and hot-rolling processes. Based on the results, it is found that the shear bands are formed with secondary branches in the cold rolling, while the shear events are scattered in the bulk of material in the hot rolling. Considering Voronoi analysis, it is revealed that the hot rolling is accompanied by the recovery of crystalline-like clusters provided that rolling process continues for subsequent passes. On the other hand, the cold-rolled sample shows a stable behavior in the evolution of crystalline-like clusters; however, the population of main icosahedral polyhedrons decreases in the system.


The pyridine and pyrazole-based ruthenium porous organic polymer (Ru@Py-POP) was synthesized and fully characterized by FT-IR, EDS, TGA, PXRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and N2 sorption isotherms. It was observed that...


In the Late Iron Age, the Malaren region contained a clearly stratified society and many sites in the landscape indicate the presence of an upper stratum, an elite. This concept – elite – may perha ...


A method for direct functionalization of silicon and silicon nitride cantilevers with bifunctional silanes was tested with model surfaces to determine adhesive forces for different hydrogen-bonding chemistries. Application for biomass surface characterization was tested by mapping switchgrass and isolated switchgrass cellulose in topographic and force-volume mode using a cellulose-specific cantilever.


Peritoneal fluid contains equimolar amounts of D and L isomers of lactate. Controversy exists as to whether D-Iactate is metabolized as effectively as the L isomer. D and L-Iactate were infused into the portal circulation of dogs and net hepatic uptake of both isomers measured by A-V sampling, blood flows being measured by flow probes. Hepatic extractions of both isomers were not significantly different. In three patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and three patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), arterial D-Iactate was less than 15% of the concentration of Llactate at the end of treatment. In conclusion, D-Iactate is metabolized as effectively as L-Iactate.


PURPOSE: Provided is a method for preparing an acrylic-modified unsaturated polyester resin for producing artificial marble having excellent appearance with low cost. CONSTITUTION: The method for preparing an acrylic-modified unsaturated polyester resin for producing artificial marble by the copolymerization of an aliphatic or aromatic dihydric acid with polyhydric alcohol comprises the steps of: (a) reacting isophthalic acid with di- or tri-hydric glycol at an alcohol/acid equivalent ratio of 2-2.5 to form a prepolymer having an acid value of 2-3; (b) adding to 10-25 parts by weight of the prepolymer of step (a), 7-15 parts by weight of maleic acid or fumaric acid and 10-20 parts by weight of phthalic anhydride and reacting the mixture to form an unsaturated resin; and (c) adding to 59-70 parts by weight of the unsaturated resin of step (b), 25-35 parts by weight of styrene and 10-30 parts by weight of multifunctional acrylic monomer having 3-6 acrylic functional groups and reacting the mixture.


This chapter acknowledges the increasing impact of eLearning and the associated rise of Virtual Campuses (VCs) for Teacher Professional Development (TPD). On the basis of reported literature, in particular, deficiencies identified in Bell's (1991) traditional "individual", "group," and "school development" approaches, the authors propose an alternative model for TPD delivered through VCs. In support of this "new" model, key issues underlying the VC paradigm in terms of the design and implementation of such environments are further discussed. In particular, the authors argue about the value and complications behind the adoption of this model and suggest principles supporting the design of such type of environments.


The invention relates to a device for epicardial support and/or resumption of cardiac activity. Said device comprises a double membrane (1) consisting of an elastic internal membrane (2), a non-expandable outer membrane (3), and a closed cavity (4) which is formed thereinbetween and can be inflated and deflated by means of a fluid. Said cavity comprises a first chamber (6) associated with the right ventricle (5) and a second chamber (8) associated with the left ventricle (7). The aim of the invention is to improve one such device in such a way that the device can be operated in a simple manner, while maintaining the advantage of a possible increase of only one ventricle. To this end, the first chamber (6) and the second chamber (8) are interconnected by means of at least one valve (9) arranged in a dividing wall (10) separating the two chambers (6, 8).


The conventional phase component method is improved by matrix similarity transformation in the paper.The equations of the faulted port network is deduced with port network theory and improved phase component model,and the relation between the elements of the faulted port impedance matrix and the port impedance is deduced from the physical meaning of the port impedance.Considering the general form of any fault,the unified fault boundary conditional equations for short-circuit and phase break up faults of double-circuit transmission lines on same tower are given.Based on the above equations,a novel algorithm is proposed to solve these equations,which is suitable for calculating any kind of simple faults on the double-circuit transmission lines on same tower.The merits of this algorithm are as following:(1) the single-line fault,interline short-circuit fault,phase break up fault and phase-to-phase fault on double-circuit transmission lines can be calculated with same model,and it is also suitable for any fault on the double-circuit transmission lines with unsymmetrical fault impedance;(2) the symmetry of the power system parameters is not required;(3) whether the common buses at both ends of the double-circuit transmission lines exist or not has no special requirement;(4) the calculation burden is decreased dramatically in contrast to the traditional phase domain method,and it is simple and practical,as well as easy to be realized by programming on computer.The results comparison between the calculation with this algorithm and EMTPE simulation shows the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


We study the interface between galaxies and the intergalactic medium by measuring the absorption by neutral hydrogen in the vicinity of star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 2.4. Our sample consists of 679 rest-frame UV-selected galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts that have impact parameters <2 (proper) Mpc to the line of sight of one of the 15 bright, background QSOs and that fall within the redshift range of its Lyα forest. We present the first two-dimensional maps of the absorption around galaxies, plotting the median Lyα pixel optical depth as a function of transverse and line-of-sight separation from galaxies. The Lyα optical depths are measured using an automatic algorithm that takes advantage of all available Lyman series lines. The median optical depth, and hence the median density of atomic hydrogen, drops by more than an order of magnitude around 100 kpc, which is similar to the virial radius of the halos thought to host the galaxies. The median remains enhanced, at the >3σ level, out to at least 2.8 Mpc (i.e., >9 comoving Mpc), but the scatter at a given distance is large compared with the median excess optical depth, suggesting that the gas is clumpy. Within 100 (200) kpc, and over ±165 km s−1, the covering fraction of gas with Lyα optical depth greater than unity is 100+0− 32% (66% ± 16%). Absorbers with τLyα > 0.1 are typically closer to galaxies than random. The mean galaxy overdensity around absorbers increases with the optical depth and also as the length scale over which the galaxy overdensity is evaluated is decreased. Absorbers with τLyα ∼ 1 reside in regions where the galaxy number density is close to the cosmic mean on scales ⩾0.25 Mpc. We clearly detect two types of redshift space anisotropies. On scales <200 km s−1, or <1 Mpc, the absorption is stronger along the line of sight than in the transverse direction. This "finger of God" effect may be due to redshift errors, but is probably dominated by gas motions within or very close to the halos. On the other hand, on scales of 1.4–2.0 Mpc the absorption is compressed along the line of sight (with >3σ significance), an effect that we attribute to large-scale infall (i.e., the Kaiser effect).


Editor—The goal of our article was to highlight briefly and thoroughly the underlying causes and treatment options for nocturia and present a useful algorithm for patients with the disorder. Matheson's comment about the term "nocturia" as a symptom rather than a condition highlights the difficulty in defining and categorising this often misunderstood and underdiagnosed disorder.

Doctors must determine the underlying causes of excess urine production at night and treat them appropriately. In clinical practice, the term "nocturia" is a diagnosis for which causes are determined and treatment appropriated to improve patients' quality of life. In our article we offer several treatment options, including restriction of fluids in the evening, time release diuretics, afternoon naps, elevation of the legs, compression stockings, antidiuretic hormone therapy, melatonin treatment, and sacral neuromodulation.

Although Walker asserts that our "claim of effectiveness" of melatonin is misleading, our intention was not to imply a categorical claim of effectiveness, but rather to offer melatonin as a possible option for patients with benign prostatic enlargement. The patient's symptoms and previously attempted treatments would indicate the appropriate course of treatment. For patients whose condition is seemingly recalcitrant to all medical treatment, sacral neuromodulation is a promising alternative.

Although Walker says that sacral neuromodulation is not a widely suitable or recognised treatment, it offers a source of hope for patients who have found relief difficult or impossible to obtain or sustain. One of us (SPM) has performed 150 sacral neuromodulation procedures in the past three years and has experienced a success rate better than 85% in patients with urgency, urge incontinence, and nocturia.


Sir,Sildenafil in recommended doses has been rarely associated with a blue tinge to vision, light sensitivity, or more severe pathology, such as nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AIO...


Ternary Logic is advantageous choice to substitute binary logic as it is energy efficient and due to easiness, as

interconnect and chip area are reduced. As CMOS technology is scaling down to nanometer regime there are

many problems occurring such as short channel effect, DIBL and Hot electron Effect, these problems can be

overcomed by replacing traditional CMOS by FinFET. These two methodologies are of great advantage and

can result in new turn in nanoelectronics. Many circuits can be build up by using FinFET working on ternary

logic rather than binary and the main is ALU as it is the heart of CPU. So designing circuits by these two

methodologies has a great impact on upcoming technologies.


EK. has worked in the clinical laboratory of a large medical center for 14 years. Her duties include processing and testing specimens, and entering results into a computer. She uses a variety of equipment for these tasks, including a microscope, pipette, and cell counter. E.K. has noted numbness and tingling in both thumbs and index fingers for the past few years, which currently has become constant over recent months. She reports difficulty gripping objects and a loss of grip strength. Last week, she dropped an entire rack of test tubes. This prompted her supervisor to refer her to employee health for evaluation. During her visit, she is nonchalant about her symptoms, noting that everyone in her lab has lots of "aches and pains" and that "it's part of the job." On examination, she has severe hypothenar atrophy, decreased range of motion of the thumb carpometacarpal joints bilaterally, decreased grip strength, and a loss of sensation to two point discrimination in a medial nerve distribution.


Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the components of medical education design based on virtual reality by research synthesis method.
Methods: In the present study a synthesis method was used. In order to study the research background and to collect appropriate data among the databases of Science Direct, Springer, Scopus, ProQuest and Eric (ERIC) search. With the keywords of Educational Design, Virtual Reality, Medical Education, Augmented Reality, Research Synthesis identified from 150 external research cases (English language) between 2006 and 2019 and finally 20 of them with the most coordination and proportion were selected for evaluation.
Result: By reviewing articles and themes analysis, medical education design has five main components that are as follows: 1- Analytical component including determining educational needs, defining learner characteristics, defining theoretical framework, defining characteristics of virtual reality technology, forming a corporate team. Designer, conduct feasibility study and determine the type of content suitable for presentation through virtual reality. Design component includes defining general goals, targeting goals that are achievable by virtual reality, defining features of a virtual reality-based learning environment (free routing, first-person, third-person vision), determining the type of interaction (visual, photo, touch). Virtual and immersion, defining educational strategies (small and large), determining the level of reality, determining the content and organizing it (navigation) 3. Component of production and production including: scenario design, user interface design, content design, design Avatar, Training Agent Design, Virtual Reality Modeling, Platform Development (Hardware and Software) 4. Support and Implementation including Training Implementation, System Integration Virtual education in curriculum, support (technical and educational) 5. Evaluation component including formative evaluation, aggregate evaluation, ease of use evaluation, small group evaluation, large group evaluation, virtual reality based learning environment and platform evaluation (software and hardware).
Conclusion: With respect to that the components of medical education design based on virtual reality have been identified, it is recommended that the medical education process be organized according to the components of educational design and that educational principles and processes be designed according to the capacity of virtual reality technology.


Abstract 'Citizenship' is currently an area receiving considerable attention in schools. It has been argued that citizenship is best learned through experiencing democratic decision-making rather than through learning about it in the classroom. The article examines the background to moves towards greater pupil involvement in decision-making in schools, then investigates pupil involvement in decision-making in a sample of eight Scottish secondary schools drawn from three local authority areas. The focus is on pupil participation outside the formal curriculum in these schools. The characteristic forms and extent of pupil involvement in decision-making in these schools are examined, and both staff and pupil perceptions are looked at. Differences in staff and pupil perception are scrutinised. Suggestions for ways to increase the level and quality of pupil participation are also put forward.


e14128 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are changing the landscape of treatment in oncology. The use of ICIs is growing rapidly as the indications for these medications broaden and new ICIs become approved. Given the rapid growth and relative infancy of the use of ICIs, much information stands to be gained on their use in the clinical practice setting, especially regarding toxicity. Methods: The primary objective of this project was to examine the incidence and severity of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), after treatment with single-agent or combination ICIs at a multi-site community cancer center. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who had received ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, or ipilimumab plus nivolumab from May 1, 2011 to June 30, 2017. Data collected included patient demographics, disease state, treatment information, preexisting autoimmune disease, previous immunotherapy, and adverse event details. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Data was collected on 383 patients. Dermatologic irAEs were common across single agent ICIs (overall incidence 23%). Diarrhea and/or colitis incidence was highest with CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab (26% at 3 mg/kg and 22% at 10 mg/kg) versus the other monotherapy PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors. Endocrinopathies were most common with ipilimumab 10 mg/kg (55%) and pneumonitis incidence was highest with nivolumab (6%). ICI toxicity occurred in 63% of patients with preexisting autoimmune disease versus 54% of those without a baseline autoimmune disease. Incidence of hospitalization and treatment holds due to irAEs was higher with combination therapy (57% and 66%, respectively) than with monotherapy (10% and 24%, respectively). Conclusions: Overall, there was increased incidence in ICI toxicity in patients at this oncology institution versus what has been reported in clinical trials. Patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases appeared to have mainly low-grade toxicities with slightly increased incidence of irAE compared with those without pre-existing autoimmune disease. Treatment holds and hospitalizations were higher in patients treated with combination therapy ICIs compared to monotherapy ICIs.


When traffic operations of reserved-lane facilities are not appropriately accounted for, there is a potential for the occurrence of traffic safety issues. One problem that typically has to be addressed is related to increasing traffic interactions within merging/weaving section. That is, depending on the geometric alignment, the users of reserved lanes may be exposed to an increased number of conflicts with the vehicles on the adjacent lanes due to merging/diverging and crossing maneuvers. In this study, a two-step microscopic safety evaluation methodology was applied to a Bus-on-Shoulder (BoS) facility. This method uses vehicular interactions generated from VISSIM and into the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). In order to improve operation and safety performance, this study investigated different access management solutions to existing geometric alignment. Another contribution of this study is the introduction of a new conflict classification and calibration method using a binary matrix principle. The proposed method provides a more accurate estimation of conflicts classification using the existing SSAM software. Real-world traffic data was collected and used to calibrate a traffic simulation and safety analysis model of the study area. The analysis procedure used in this study is generally independent of the type of geometric alignment so that it can be deployed to other similar reserved-lane facilities. The results show that traffic operations along the corridor can be significantly improved if the geometric alignment limits interaction opportunities between vehicles on adjacent lanes. The case study tested showed that a 50-meter yield-merging section at the end of the BoS segment reduces significantly the interactions between vehicles in the adjacent lanes.


Douglas-Rachford (DR) algorithm is analyzed for Fourier phase retrieval with a single random phase mask. Local, geometric convergence to a unique fixed point is proved with numerical demonstration of global convergence. Since a single oversampled coded diffraction pattern is not enough to guarantee uniqueness of fixed point, the extra information and data needed takes either of the following two forms: 1) the sector condition on the object; 2) another oversampled diffraction pattern, coded or uncoded.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the active compounds of Erigeron breviscapus for curing cadiocerebral disease by analyzing Erigerontis injection and Breviscapine tablet.METHODS Literature-analysis and HPLC analysis were used. RESULTS Erigerontis injection and Breviscapine tablet have completely different constituents but with identical indications. A novel pattern for research on herbal active constituents was developed as Clinic-chemistry model.CONCLUSION Caffeoyl derivate and breviscapine are both active constituents in E. breviscapus for cardiocerebral and optic desease.


In recent years, the influence of Muslims and Islam on developments in medieval Europe has captured the attention of scholars and the general public alike. Nevertheless, 'conversion' to Islam remains a challenging subject for historical research and demands more transdisciplinary collaborations. This article examines early medieval interactions between Muslim Arabs and Northern and Eastern Europeans as a case study for whether some individuals in Northern Eurasia 'converted' to Islam. More importantly, we address some key examples and lines of evidence that demonstrate why the process of 'conversion' to Islam is not more visible in the historical and archaeological records of Northern Eurasia. We find that, despite the well-established evidence for economic exchanges between the Islamic World and Northern Eurasia, the historical and material records are much more complex, but not entirely silent, on the issue of religious change. We also conclude that religious connectivity and exchanges, including with Islam, were common in early medieval Northern Eurasia, even if it is difficult in most cases to identify conclusive instances of 'conversion' to Islam.


Plant cell walls, consisting of cellulose microfibrils and wall matrix, composed of proteins, water and polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins), have complex dynamical mechanical behavior. This is necessitated by the fact that they must be strong to support a high internal (turgor) pressure, but at the right moment be able to yield to allow for cell growth. It was observed that changes in cell wall elasticity are strongly correlated with changes in the pectin matrix chemistry. In this paper we present a microscopic model for plant cell wall biomechanics that takes into account both the microstructure coming from the cellulose microfibrils and the chemical reactions between the cell wall's constituents. Particular attention is paid to the role of pectin and the impact of calcium-pectin cross-linking chemistry on the mechanical properties of the cell wall. We consider elastic deformations of the cell wall microfibrils and elastic and viscoelastic Kelvin--Voigt type deformations of the cell wall matrix. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the strongly coupled microscopic model consisting of the equations of linear elasticity or viscoelasticity and a system of reaction-diffusion and ordinary differential equations. Using homogenization techniques we derive a macroscopic model for cell wall biomechanics. For the viscoelastic model the macroscopic equations for viscoelastic deformations of cell walls and for calcium-pectin chemistry contain memory terms.


Emancipation changed the South. During the several years following the end of the war, landholders discovered that they could no longer maintain a system of forced gang labor, closely supervised by overseers and drivers. Decentralized agriculture emerged by 1867 and 1868, as smaller squads replaced gang labor. During the late 1860s and early 1870s, squads typically evolved into family units. The communal slave quarter was replaced by dispersed homes, and black families became the economic foundation of the postwar order. Slaves had become sharecroppers. How was this transition effected? One of the most widely accepted contributions of econometric historians Roger L. Ransom and Richard Sutch is their calculation that the aggregate amount of labor performed in the immediate postwar South fell significantly below prewar levels. They note that "emancipation gave the ex-slave the freedom to lighten his burden and, for the first time, reserve a portion of his time for himself."1 His wife and children reduced their amount of agricultural labor even more sharply. What resulted was a labor shortage in which landowners found themselves obliged to make concessions in order to attract or retain their labor forces. The freedpeople aspired to acquire their own land. Unable to do so, they contracted with those landowners who allowed them to escape from gang labor and achieve greater autonomy. Soon the new system became the norm. Laborers worked for a half share of the crop that they cultivated and harvested; landlords, who provided laborers with housing, stock, implements, and seed, received the other half.2 Unfortunately, these new arrangements did not function fairly or harmoniously. Black sharecroppers suffered a devastating one-two punch in the 1870s, as cotton prices skidded and Redeemer governments dismantled legal protec-


The tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing industries today, and it is important to obtain insights into its good and bad practices. This will provide policymakers with as much information as possible to tailor specific policies to facilitate tourism and economic growth. The main purpose of this paper is a critical overview of the related research on the topic of evaluating sustainable tourism in European countries and extensive empirical research on achieving sustainable tourism. This research includes Grey Systems Theory (GST) as the main tool in evaluating the efficiency of sustainable tourism. Robustness checking is done via the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach. Although the literature on tourism efficiency is vast, there is a smaller amount of research related to the approach taken in this paper. Thus, a comprehensive and insightful analysis will be done so that relevant and timely information can be obtained for the future decision-making process. Furthermore, a dynamic analysis will be provided so that changes in time can be observed and a detailed analysis can be made.


tumor.1 Although its pathogenesis is not clearly understood, there are several theories have been proposed. Some authors consider that the development of osteoma is associated with stimulation of osteogenic cells by muscle contraction due to trauma.2 As in the study of Kashima et al., muscle traction may play a role in development of osteoma.3 Periosteal ossifying fibroma, exostosis, chondroma, osteosarcoma, fibrosis dysplasia, Paget's disease and chronic osteomyelitis should be considered for the differential diagnosis of osteomas. Osteomas are most often confused with exostosis.4 The lesions were considered to be osteomas due to the presence of polypozis coli. Although osteomas are generally diagnosed in the early period of Gardner Syndrome; they may also be detected in the late period, as in this case. Therefore, long-term follow-up is recommended.


The search for a more convenient effective and culturally acceptable method of contraception continues. A dramatic shift in the initiation of contraceptive use has taken place across the country and demand for effective contraceptives is rising rapidly. In the next two or three decades the demand for fertility control is expected to increase further as the number of couples in the reproductive age group in developing countries is expected to reach nearly one billion. In the absence of an ideal method one out of every five women abort an unwanted and unplanned pregnancy. Globally 40-60 million women seek termination of pregnancy every year. In India 11 million medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is performed yearly. The National Family Health Survey 1992-93 indicated that an estimated 78 per cent of conceptions are unplanned and at least 25 per cent of these are unwanted. The development of emergency contraception used during the post coital period offers another option to women seeking an abortion. Yuzpe and his colleagues introduced the first scientific safe and effective method for emergency contraception. Subsequently several methods of emergency contraception were available but did not gain acceptance either at the provided level or at the user level. One of the reasons could be the concern often expressed by the gatekeepers of social norms that emergency contraception may lead to sexual promiscuity. This paper addresses the concern that emergency contraception may lead to sexual promiscuity. (excerpt)


Pregnant mice were fed a fat-free diet during the first 17 days of pregnancy with fatty acid compositions and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities measured in maternal and fetal liver and in p


An energy-efficient instruction cache lookup technique with low area overheads is proposed. The key concept of this Dynamic Early Tag Lookup (DETL) method is to exploit the presence of instruction fetch-bubble cycles. In a fetch-bubble cycle, the index of the matching cache set can be determined earlier. Hence, the dynamic energy for parallel memory accesses to irrelevant cache banks can be saved. We implemented the proposed DETL algorithm on a 4-way set-associative instruction cache in a RISC-V micro-architecture, and tested its performance using the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite. The experiment results showed a 19.38% dynamic power reduction with an area overhead smaller than 0.1 %.


Introduction: Head and neck cancer constitutes three percent of all cancer incidence in Sweden, which is slightly more than 1200 new cases per year. The localization of the tumor causes symptoms as pain and hoarseness, and treatment with radiation and chemotherapy causes side effects like eating disabilities and weight loss. This leads to changes in life for many patients after completion of the oncological treatment. Previous studies show that patients with head and neck cancer more frequently experience psychological stress compared to patients with other tumors. There is an absence of studies of the experience of anxiety and depression, and the experience of support from the nurse, after completion of oncological treatment.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine what affects the experience of anxiety and depression of patients with head and neck cancer after completion of oncological treatment and how support can be provided by the nurse.
Method: A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews as data collection method. The interviews were analyzed using a content analysis.
Results: Three major categories with two subcategories each were extracted during analysis. The categories where: Uncertainty, referring to concerns about the future and the development of disease and the side effects of the treatment. Coping with changes referring to the challenging changes in everyday life due to the physical and psychological side effects of the treatment. Need of support, referring to the importance of individual adjustments of the support to be able to manage everyday life after treatment, preferably provided by a nurse.
Conclusion: All of the patients were, to a various extent, psychologically affected by the oncological treatment. The participants expressed experiences of anxiety and depression in different ways, mainly as a consequence of the physical side effects of the treatment. Experiencing supportive care and acknowledgement of feelings and reactions as normal were important factors for patients' wellbeing and recovery.


Let π be a finite projective plane of order n. Recall that a blocking set S in π is a set of points which does not contain any line but which does intersect every line of π. The first objective is to elaborate on the connection, pointed out by the writers, between blocking sets and complete A>arcs of π. For example, the set of secants of a complete λ -arc with k < n + 2 dualizes to a blocking set. Using some simple observations, it is shown that a blocking set in a projective plane π of order ten, if π exists, contains at least 16 points. The proof uses a computer result on the nonexistence of complete 6-ares of π due to R. H. F. Dennis ton. Using the result, a recent theorem concerning certain codes related to π due to MacWilliams, Sloane, and Thompson is easily established. The result also shows that, in effect, a set of four mutually orthogonal latin squares of order ten is embeddable in a complete set in at most one way. This improves slightly on the bound of R. H. Bruck.


The thomisid spider Monaeses israeliensis Levy, 1973 is recorded for the first time from India. Female of the newly recorded spider species is described and illustrated.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the transient thermoelastic interactions in a nonlocal rotating magneto-thermoelastic medium with temperature-dependent properties. Three-phase-lag (TPL) model of generalized thermoelasticity is employed to study the problem. An initial magnetic field with constant intensity acts parallel to the bounding plane. Therefore, Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics has been effectively introduced and the expression for Lorentz's force is obtained with the help of modified Ohm's law.Design/methodology/approachThe normal mode technique has been adopted to solve the resulting non-dimensional coupled field equations to obtain the expressions of physical field variables.FindingsFor uniformly distributed thermal load, normal displacement, temperature distribution and stress components are calculated numerically with the help of MATLAB software for a copper material and the results are illustrated graphically. Some particular cases of interest are also deduced from the present study.Originality/valueInfluences of nonlocal parameter, rotation, temperature-dependent properties, magnetic field and time are carefully analyzed for mechanically stress free boundary and uniformly distributed thermal load. The present work is useful and valuable for analysis of problem involving thermal shock, nonlocal parameter, temperature-dependent elastic and thermal moduli.


Objective To research the corrosion inhibition of 2-hydroxy-phosphate( HPAA) on Q235 steel by using response surface analysis. Methods By the method of single factor sensitivity analysis,the quality concentration of HPAA,temperature,p H value and other factors were investigated,and the optimal range of the three key factors was determined. Based on response surface optimization analysis( RSM),according to the results of single factor experiments,the optimal experimental design of mass concentration,temperature and p H value was carried out by using central composite design principle( CCD). The response value of the HPAA was used for equation regression with RSM. Then the corresponding model of the quadratic associative model was obtained. After optimizing,the optimized parameters of the model were applied to SEM and EIS analysis of compound corrosion inhibitors. Results The single factor analysis determined the optimal values of the three key variables of mass concentration,temperature and p H value respectively were 20 ~ 26 mg / L,45 ~ 55 ℃ and 8 ~ 10. The optimal concentration of HPAA was 23 mg / L,the temperature was 50 ℃,and the p H value was 9,the inhibition rate of HPAA was 68. 68%. Under the conditions,the inhibition rate of the experimental results was 68. 78% with the deviation being only 0. 15% compared to the predicted value. The optimized parameters were used in the compound corrosion inhibitor. It was found that when the concentration ratio of HPAA∶ Na2MOO4∶Na2B4O7was 0. 5∶ 0. 3∶ 0. 5,the compound corrosion inhibitor dosage was the least with the maximum inhibition rate up to 93.75%. The compound corrosion inhibitor showed no corrosion in the SEM diagram. The EIS spectrum showed a pure capacitance,and the impedance was the biggest with the highest inhibition rate. Conclusion The response surface method combined SEM and EIS applied in inhibiting corrosion of HPAA is feasible,accurate and reliable.


After analyzing the importance of the application server management of CCM(CORBA Component Model),we propose the application management framework and a management model according to the StarCCM middleware system's characteristics. Then the realization of the StarCCM management tool based on the management framework is introduced. Through this platform,the system administrator can not only use it to monitor the internal running state of distributed component systems in a real-time way, but also manage effectively the system resources and tune the system parameters to improve system performance.


The centrality of well-trained innovating doctorates to the future of the world's cultural and economical well-being cannot be underestimated. To meet with the challenge, Europe has much invested in providing unifying guidelines of common graduate studies' goals and practices. Nonetheless, a significant heterogeneity in their implementation, largely due to the difficulties in adapting and changing of existing frameworks, are evident. In addition, the interdisciplinary character of future research dictates cooperation of players hitherto isolated within current research and educational structures. As actors, we take a concrete approach of identifying the essential components of an ideal interdisciplinary graduate school, built upon ingredients of successful international examples, to set a pilot interdisciplinary graduate program. The basis of our recommended Graduate Center is the creation of common language between students and researchers from different backgrounds. It encompasses the following key ingredients: a quality-assuring international governing scientific council; a physical centre including seminar rooms and well-equipped working space for students and visiting professors; individualised flexible curriculum, motivating students, reinforced in their primary discipline, to interchange their knowledge; an international network of high-level researchers splitting workshops between their established curriculum and students' choice of seminars and an active thesis tutoring committee encompassing hosting-lab-independent specialists in related disciplines. In order to reach the critical mass of expertise needed to meet these ends, a concerted action is necessary between establishments within a coherent geographical setting (city (e.g., ), region (e.g., ) or country (e.g., Finland). In order to assure proper financial support, we suggest that Graduate Centres will be autonomous bodies capable of attracting funding not only through their 'mother' establishments but also independently from EC, research foundations and the private sector.


We study morphism complexes between dg lifts of Rouquier complexes. We recover the transitive system of homotopy equivalences between different lifts corresponding to the same braid, as well as the Rouquier formula. We develop a large scale version of Gaussian elimination for complexes and use it to reduce morphism spaces of the form Hom•(1, Fw) where Fw is the Rouquier complex associated with a Coxeter word w.


We use machine-learning to determine the information content of the Item 1A Risk Factors section of S&P 1500 10-Ks. We identify and quantify 30 risk-factors and show a strong positive relation between levels of and contemporaneous changes in risk-factors and proxies for the associated risks. Typically, 28% of cross-firm variation in a risk-proxy is explained by cross-firm variation in the associated risk-factor. Risk disclosure is not found to be forward-looking. Item 1A's informativeness has not declined through time despite previously documented increases in boilerplate content, stickiness and redundancy. Indices of operating and financing risk help explain asset and equity volatility.


By adjusting the mole ratio of C and B elements in combustion system, solidified TiC-TiB2 composites with different TiB2 mole fraction were achieved by combustion synthesis in high-gravity field. XRD, FESEM and EDS results showed that with increasing TiB2 content, the matrix of TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics transformed a number of fine TiB2 platelets from the TiC spherical grains, and fine-grained even ultrafine-grained microstructures were achieved in solidified TiC-50mol% TiB2 due to eutectic growth under rapid solidification of the ceramic. Properties showed that relative density, Vickers hardness and flexural strength of TiC-50mol%TiB2 simultaneously reached the maximum values of 21.5 ± 1.5 GPa and 860 ± 35 MPa , whereas TiC-66.7mol%TiB2 presented the maximum fracture toughness of 13.5 ± 1.5 MPa • m0.5. FESEM fractography analyses of the ceramics exhibited a mixed mode of transcrystalline fracture of TiC spherical grains and intercrystalline fracture of TiB2 platelets, and the tendency of intercrystalline fracture was obviously enhanced with increasing TiB2 content to be 66.7 mol%, resulting in enhanced toughening mechanisms of crack deflection, crack-bridging and pull-out by fine TiB2 platelets, thus, the highest flexural strength was achieved in TiC-50mol%TiB2 due to the achievements of both fine-grained microstructures and high fracture toughness in the full-density solidified ceramics.


Femtosecond vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) laser pulses enable the interrogation of molecules in their electronically excited states on the timescale of nuclear motion. The present study focuses on the simulation of these experiments using electronic structure calculations and nuclear wavepacket dynamics propagations. The simulation of the evolution of the wavepacket enables a calculation of spectroscopic observables using rigorous quantum mechanical approaches. This approach has been applied to simulate the VUV time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) spectra of cyclopropane (C3H6) and nitromethane (CH3NO2).


The time complexity of wait-free algorithms in so-called normal executions, where no failures occur and processes operate at approximately the same speed, is considered. A lower bound of log n on the time complexity of any wait-free algorithm that achieves approximate agreement among n processes is proved. In contrast, there exists a non-wait-free algorithm that solves this problem in constant time. This implies an Omega (log n)-time separation between the wait-free and non-wait-free computation models. An O(log n)-time wait-free approximate agreement algorithm is presented. Its complexity is within a small constant of the lower bound.<<ETX>>


Attempts to create powerful gas discharges usually result in plasma currents in which the electrons have relatively small velocity but possess large stored energies in their magnetic fields. An analysis is made of some processes for utilizing these energies for acceleration or for achieving higher current densities. (R.V.J.)


The evolution of bacterial resistance is generating a serious public health problem due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the application of non-optimal doses, the irregularity in the taking of medicines sent by the health professional, factors that have affected the increase in the rate of antimicrobial resistance; It is important to generate strategies that contribute to diminishing it, including the rational use of antibiotics and the constant research of new therapeutic alternatives such as teixobactin, which is a product of the Gram negative bacterium called Eleftheria terrae, related to the genus Aquabacterium, is a microorganism that presents extremophile conditions, for which, a multichannel system of semipermeable membranes called Ichip was developed for its isolation. Eravacycline is a new fully synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotic of the tetracycline family, is a potent inhibitor based on the mechanism of the bacterial ribosome and exerts potent activity against a broad spectrum of susceptible and multiresistant bacteria.


Habitat selection by six species of shorebirds (Least Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper, Dunlin, Short-billed Dowitcher, Lesser Yellowlegs, and Semipalmated Plover) was studied on wintering and breeding ranges. Features of the terrain that characterize the feeding microhabitat were compared to the surrounding habitat and examined in relation to culmen and tarsal length. The main results were, (a) The shorebirds tend to forage along edges adjacent to taller vegetation and deeper water than are typical of the feeding habitat; (b) The diversity of the feeding microhabitat is greater in summer than in winter; (c) Culmen length is positively correlated with vegetation height and diversity of the feeding microhabitat; (d) Tarsal length is positively correlated with water depth in the feeding microhabitat; and (e) The degree to which the utilized microenvironment is distinct from the surrounding area varies among the species. The bill of a shorebird is a versatile instrument and this is not obvious from morphology alone. An increase in bill length appears to produce an increase in versatility and exploitation of a more diverse environment.


With the development of information and intelligent technology such as Internet, big data and cloud computing, the concept of big data in education and teaching has also been widely concerned by the society and colleges and universities. The application of big data technology broadens educational resources and teaching channels, and provides a new space for teaching reform and talent training of accounting majors. Based on the background of big data and combined with the characteristics of finance and accounting majors, this paper integrates big data thinking into the teaching reform process of finance and accounting majors, integrates the needs of big data information resources and application ability cultivation of finance and accounting majors, improves the training quality of finance and accounting professionals, and promotes the teaching reform of finance and accounting majors.


The phase transition characteristic of non-equilibrium TiNi alloy deformed by hot forge was studied with dilatometry. It is found that there are two kinds of completely different expansion curve when the alloy samples heating and cooling;if temperature drops samples I expanded but samples II contracts,the former is corresponding to B2→M phase change and the latter is B2→R;hot forging is promote to R not to M phase changing;the alloy deformed by hot forge has higher transformation temperature, above 0℃ or RT and has longer linear expansion elongation when phase change. Undergo solution treatment the transformation temperature of the alloy lower and linear expansion elongation reduce.


Statement of the problem in a general case and its connection with the important scientific or practical problems. The flexible connections (FC) of large length are used at towages, deep-water well-drilling and other works in the marine economy complex of Ukraine as a part of ship power plants. The solving of the problem for an estimation of oscillations in flexible working tools of large length will allow to reduce the terms and amount of the works related to their assembling, and, in turn, will bring down the expenses on acquisition and exploitation (FC). The deriving of the oscillations ' equations (FC) is of undoubted interest, since they can be used for the study of the World ocean, investigation and exploitation of submarine mineral deposits, submarine geology and topography, choice of routes of submarine cable lines and pipelines, control of works' quality on their laying, study of the sea ecology.


Objective To summarize the results of optic nerve decompression surgery on 20 patients with cranio-orbital injuries.Methods Clinical data of 20 patients admitted to our hospital nearly 4 years with severe cranio-orbital injury were analyzed respectively,all of them were taken emergency optic nerve decompression surgery.Results Of 22 eyes with optic nerve injuries,the vision of 18 eyes were improved in different degree after 3 months of optic nerve decompression.Conclusion If patients with severe cranio-orbital injuries and optic nerve injuries can be diagnosed early and operated in time,the visions could be improved.


Deep learning is one of the most significant advances in AI (AI). It is used in a variety of fields due to it has the ability to solve problems that cannot be handled by traditional technologies. The optimization of deep learning relevant to medical images is one of the most important recent advances in image analysis. Several developments have been done on Convolutional Neural Networks to achieve optimal accuracy and increase the learning speed. However, in this paper, we discuss the most recent innovations in convolutional neural networks within Classical method and Quantum method. We briefly provide a snapshot about the architecture, improvements, and principles of both (Classical and Quantum).


In the second half of our series of articles, we continue the overview of the armies of the ancient empires of the Middle East. Similarly to the first half of our study, we analyze the 3rd millennium BC until the 7th century BC. In this article we describe in detail the most significant armies and military organizations of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the characteristics of the empire's armies which are specific to the era, and we also summarize the data in literature about the allowances of the soldiers of this age. We also outline the monetary allowances and contributions in kind of the enlisted and voluntary -private, regular and mercenary- soldiers of the age as well as the service system for widows and orphans of soldiers, who were injured or died in battle.


Over the years cities have presented conflicts with the public space, being associated to the impact of the accelerated and disorderly growth of the habitat in the urban periphery without adaptation to the strategies of urban development. This leads to scant attention to implement public spaces that, in many cases, are already deteriorated, abandoned or given a different use. Such is the case of Chiclayo, a commercial city par excellence, whose markets for supplies (commercial infrastructures) also do not meet the necessary conditions to provide the population with adequate services, generating disorder, invasion of spaces, vehicular congestion, insecurity, as well as trade Informal present in the surroundings. This research project revolves around this problem, which is developed in most public spaces near commercial infrastructures, one of them being the young people José Balta chosen, after an analysis, for its strategic location that allows to take advantage of the urban vacuum by giving it the character and scale necessary to assume its status as a new focus of local and metropolitan development. Thus, by uniting two uses such as commerce and public space through the revitalization of the area, seeking to improve urban morphology, there is the proposal of a market square that seeks the presence of several flexible areas of different sizes for the realization of the Activities planned in the space that best suits their needs.


Background & Aim: Changes in the trend of births among women have been studied worldwide with indications of peaks and troughs over a specified period. Periodic variations in the number of births among women are unknown at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). This study sought to model and predicts monthly number of births at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), KBTH. Methods & Materials: Box-Jenkins time series model approach was applied to an 11-year data from the Department of (O&G), KBTH on the number of births from January, 2004 to December, 2014. Box-Jenkins approach was put forward as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Several possible models were formulated, and the best model, which has the smallest Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) was selected. The best model was then used for future predictions on the expected monthly number of births for the year 2015. Analysis was performed in R statistical software (version 3.0.3). Results: Seasonal ARIMA (2,1,1) × (1,0,1)12 was selected as the best model because it had the smallest AICc. Furthermore, the forecasted values showed that the expected number of births were lowest in January (750 births) and highest in May (970 births) for the year 2015. Conclusion: Seasonal ARIMA (2,1,1) × (1,0,1)12 was identified as the model that best describes monthly expected births and its use to forecast the expected number of births at the KBTH in Ghana will facilitate formulation of health policies and planning for safe maternal delivery and prudent use of hospital obstetric services and facilities.


Femtocells and secondary usage of TV white space are two non-mainstream technologies currently at the research edge of mobile industries and academia. However, femtocells have been exclusively asse ...


The philosophy inherent in current seismic design codes for buildings accepts the premise that there will be both structural and non-structural damage but that life safety will be preserved. Estimating a dollar value for the cost of earthquake damage although difficult is the subject of this paper. Two 4-story structures, a moment frame and a braced frame are evaluated in a conventional and an isolated configuration. The results show that seismic isolation reduces the cost of earthquake damage by a factor of 5 in a moderate seismic zone and a factor of 6 in a high seismic zone.


This paper introduced the types and formation mechanism of the large-scale TiO2. The preparation of the large-scale TiO2 were also illustrated in detail, such as template method, hydrothermal method and sol-gel method. And its application in environment field was presented.


We propose a new method to determine the dipole (and quadrupole) component of a distribution of cosmic ray arrival directions, which can be applied when there is partial sky coverage and/or inhomogeneous exposure. In its simplest version it requires that the exposure only depends on the declination, but it can be easily extended to the case of a small amplitude modulation in right ascension. The method essentially combines a χ2 minimization of the distribution in declination to obtain the multipolar components along the North–South axis and a harmonic Rayleigh analysis for the components involving the right ascension direction.


With the foundation of market economy system in our country,the M_2 is not only a monitor index,but also a control index.From the theoretical and empirical analysis,the growth of M_2 is closely related to the growth of GDP,which has a positive effect on the growth of GDP.The growth of M_2 should be controlled in a stable zone to promote the stable growth of Chinese economy and to alleviate the pressure of the current Renminbi appreciation.


The study was designed to examine market integration with the help of co-integration test on the price of Raphia palm wine (RPW) in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria using evidences from Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States of Nigeria. Issues considered included; the determination of the existence and level of RPW inter- market price dependences; description of short-run interactions through cross-market lagged price changes; evaluation of long-run responses to contemporaneous price changes in the RPW market; and speed of price adjustments to long-run equilibrium. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select the markets used for the study. Primary data was used for the study while data analysis was achieved using co-integration test by Johansen and Jeselius (1990) applied to four daily market prices of two (rural and urban) Raphia palm wine markets in each of the selected States. Results obtained from the study revealed that price signals and information were transmitted smoothly, but slowly across the markets. The short-run estimates indicated that the rural markets adjusted to price changes in the urban markets within each State, while at the State level, it was observed that Delta and Rivers States did all the price adjustment. The long-run responses to exogenous price changes showed that a one percent increase in the urban prices of RPW within the States resulted in a corresponding decrease in the rural price of RPW by 2.5%, 1.05% and 1.27% for Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States respectively. While at State level, a 1% increase in price of RPW in Bayelsa State would cause a decrease in price of RPW in Delta and Rivers States' prices by 1.37% and 6.8% respectively. The speed of price adjustment between the short-run and long-run RPW prices measured by ECM within the States were -0.14423 and 0.09206 for urban and rural price in Bayelsa State; -0.2811 and 0.3259 for urban and rural price in Delta State; and 0.3674 and 0.7609 for urban and rural price in Rivers State respectively. On State level, however, Bayelsa State had an adjustment speed of -0.154, Delta had a speed of 0.235, while Rivers State had a speed of 0.0189 respectively. These results have important policy implications. Since Raphia palm wine markets are spatially integrated, the government may think of reducing or even withdrawing its efforts to influence the price in the market.


Overfishing is a constant concern. But what is a normal, unfished population? As Ruth Thurstan reveals, concerns about overfishing started early – and can help to quantify the fish that were once in the sea.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for the infectious septic shock in the ICU patients so as to put forward the corresponding countermeasures so as to provide basis for the clinical treatnent.METHODS A total of 84 patients with septic shock who were treated in the ICU were retrospectively analyzed,the univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to observe the risk factors.RESULTS Among 84 patients,49 patients died,the mortality was 58.3%.Univariate analysis showed that there was statistical difference in the age(52.6±11.9 vs.43.3±12.7),APACHEⅡ score(23.1±5.7 vs.18.6±4.8),blood infections(67.3% vs.40.0%),numbers of SIRS(3.3±0.7 vs.1.5±0.7) and MODS(4.2±1.6 vs.1.9±0.8),24h urine output(3.4±2.1 vs.6.2±2.5 ml),mean artery pressure(43.7±9.6 vs.56.7±11.4 mm Hg) and albumin(24.6±7.1 vs.29.4±8.5 g/l) between the survival group and the death group(P0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the APACHEⅡ score(OR=0.47),numbers of SIRS(OR=1.71),and MODS(OR=2.47) and albumin(OR=1.44) were independent risk factors for the death caused by septic shock.CONCLUSION It is effective to reduce the mortality caused by the infectious septic shock in ICU through the positive control of inflammation and comprehensive treatment on the basis of removing the basic causes.


This article explores the growing emphasis upon the policing of incivilities and anti-social behaviour, situating this within debates about the role of social capital in the construction and maintenance of social order. It outlines a critique of certain dominant assumptions within debates about social capital, notably with regard to crime and security. Nevertheless, social capital is used as a lens through which to consider some of the questions that confront policing interventions in attempts to promote social order and civic renewal. It suggests that fostering weak social ties, rather than strong bonds of 'togetherness', may be preferable in supporting open and tolerant communities. The article considers the work of neighbourhood wardens and their contribution to fostering social order in deprived neighbourhoods. It draws upon research findings from wardens working in the city of Leeds, highlighting dilemmas regarding their ambiguous roles in relation to community cohesion and policing.


With the wide application of antibiotic drugs, microbial resistance has become a hot issue of global concern. In recent years, the search for pure plantderived monomeric drugs from natural plants, especially medicinal plants, has become a research hotspot. Pomegranate ellagic acid (PEA) is one of the important active substances in the pomegranate plant. It is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in pomegranate, which has various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and skin whitening. However, pomegranate acid is almost insoluble in water, unstable to light, poor in permeability, and low in vivo absorption, which limits the clinical application of pomegranate acid. The inclusion technique is a technique for embedding a poorly soluble drug of a guest molecule into a molecular capsule inclusion compound by using a large cavity of the main molecule of the inclusion material, thereby improving the solubility and stability of the poorly soluble drug.Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) is one of the commonly used inclusion materials. It is non-toxic, has good water solubility, thermal stability, and poorly soluble drugs. After the inclusion of the inclusion compound, the solubility, bioavailability and stability of the drug can be improved. However, there are no reports on the inclusion of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion pomegranate in domestic and foreign countries. Therefore, in this experiment, HP-β-CD was used to study the inclusion of pomegranate, and the inclusion compound was prepared by solution agitation-ultrasonic method, ultrasonic method and grinding method. The feed ratio and ethanol concentration were used. The inclusion time and inclusion temperature were anaActa Medica Mediterranea, 2019, 35: 383


Theimportanceofproperinductioninto a new environment, whetheras a student or an employee, isincreasingly being recognised asimportant if students are to makethe most of their learning oppor-tunities, or employees to beeffective in their jobs. An exami-nation of any effective organisa-tion will show that induction ofstaff is taken seriously. Theimportance of induction in highereducation was recognised formallybytheQualityAssuranceAgencyinits subject review programme.


Abstract This is a curious book, at first interesting, then irritating and finally infuriating. It is half an uncritical account of Sir Horace Darwin and the Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company, half a description of a dozen of the Company's most noteworthy products. The principal problem the book sets for a reviewer is to try to identify the audience for whom it was written.


The effect of wasabi leafstalk (Wasabia japonica MATTUM.) extract on bone components in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of aged female rats in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were cultured for 48 hr in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (serum free) containing either vehicle or wasabi leafstalk extract (10, 25 or 50 μg/ml of medium). The presence of wasabi leafstalk extract (50 μg/ml) caused a significant increase in calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues in vitro. However, the effect of wasabi leafstalk extract (50 μg/ml) in increasing bone components was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide (10-6 M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Moreover, rats were orally administered wasabi leafstalk extract (10 or 20 mg/100 g body weight) once daily for 7 days. The calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of aged rats was significantly increased by the administration of wasabi leafstalk extract (10 or 20 mg/100 g) for 7 days in vivo. Meanwhile, body weight, serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations of female aged rats were not significantly altered by the administration of wasabi leafstalk extract (10 or 20 mg/100 g) for 7 days. The present study demonstrates that wasabi leafstalk extract has an anabolic effect on bone components in vitro and in vivo. The intake of wasabi leafstalk extract may have a preventive effect on bone loss with increasing age.


The stationary state of a gas heated by cosmic rays and cooled by radiation is considered. For a given density of the cosmic rays the temperature is a function of the gas density. It is known that the pressure is not a monotonic function of the density, therefore the gas decomposes into two phases having different temperatures and densities for the same pressure, the latter being the parameter of the problem. In the present paper it is shown that taking into account heat conduction in the boundary layer allows one to find such a value of the parameter for which the equilibrium is stable. For other pressures the boundary of separation of the two phases moves relatively to the gas. The velocity of this motion has been computed. The theory is applied to the interstellar gas. The conditions applying to a stable state are computed. For deviations from this state, the velocity of boundary motion turns out to be small.


The paper presents current economic and energy situation in China and projections of economic and energy development up to the year 2020. China's per capita GDP reached US$ 1,090 in 2003 and it is targeted to quadruple GDP during 2000-2020. Featured by limited per capita energy resources and using coal as a dominant fuel, energy conservation, development of alternative energy and renewable energy, coordinative development between energy consumption and environment protection are key issues facing China. Response strategies of developing clean energy including energy conservation and energy substitute is the proper way to solve energy supply issue for supporting sustainable development in China.


This is a qualitative study conducted to understand issues relating to the maternity and reproductive behavior of youths belonging to the Guarani-Mbya ethnic group, inhabitants of Aldeia Morro da Saudade, a village located on the periphery of the city of Sao Paulo. The study aims to unveil the meanings attributed to maternity by the different Guarani generations, which live in an area of restricted territorial demarcation, establishing a daily interaction with other cultural patterns practiced by a population of non-Indians who live around the village. This event is seen from a socio-cultural point of view, which establishes a process of interaction between the cosmology that represents them and the current occurrences, pointing to probable possibilities of change, or cultural maintenances inside the ethnic universe which characterizes them as a group.


We describe a QKD protocol using 8-ary phase-encoding of single-photons and coherent detection that allows exchange of two key bits/photon. An average QBER of 43.75% for intercept/resend attack makes the scheme robust and secure.


Narmada basin of the State of Madhya Pradesh has very fertile land and is second to none when compared with the best fertile agricultural lands of the country. The commanded areas of Tawa, Bargi, Barna and Indira Sagar project are known for their fertility of land and excellent farm-water management. Techno-economic considerations in the past have dominated the planning of Narmada basin projects in Madhya Pradesh.


Objective. To investigate the influence of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different intravascular volume replacement on blood coagulation and renal function in elderly patients. Methods. Thirty patients (aged > 60 years and < 75 years) were randomly divided into three groups. AHH was administrated with 6% HES (200/0.5) and 4% gelofusine in group A and B, respectively. AHH was not administrated in group C. PT, APTT, FIB, BUN, CR and NAG were measured at T1 (before AHH administration), T2 (at the end of AHH ), T3 (60 minutes after AHH), T4 (at the end of surgery ) and T5 (on the first morning after surgery). Results. APTT of group A at T2 and T3 was significantly longer than that at T1 ( p < 0.05). There were no significant differences of FIB and APTT among groups but the FIB were significantly higher at T5 than that at T1 in three groups (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of CR and BUN were normal during the study. NAG at T3 – T5 were higher than that at T1 and reached peak at T4 and there was no significant difference among groups. Conclusion. Preoperative AHH with HES or gelofusine has no detrimental effect on blood coagulation and renal function in elderly patients. [Life Science Journal. 2008; 5(4): 38 – 40] (ISSN: 1097 – 8135).


The aim of this work is to create two panels, which show a significant postbuckling region as well as an early material failure. Those panels will be the used in further investigations of the influence of material failure growth on the collapse behaviour of stringerstiffened fibre composite panels.
The first part of this work gives an overview of theoretical aspects involved in the design. Basics of shell theory will be discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives an overview of fibre composite material design, while Chapter 4 does the same for adhesive joints. Chapter 5 discusses the basics of the Finite Element Method in general and the solving of nonlinear stability problems in particular.
Part 2 shows the design process in Chapter 6 and a throughout discussion in Chapter 7.


We studied the effects of a dietary supplement (JUNSAICOMACHI) containing water shield extract and sake cake dry powder on the skin condition of 28 healthy adult females. The analysis by visual analogue score revealed that continued intake of JUNSAIKOMACHI for 14 days markedly improved "dry skin" and "makeup finishing", and after 28 days improved 9 symptoms including "dull skin" compared with the subjects' skin conditions before the trial.


By using of neural network and the technology of information fusion, a mathematic model to lineloss analysis is established, against the features of constructure and running of distribution network, based on which the lineloss analysis of distribution network is realized. The model takes several factors affecting the lineloss of distribution network as the basic modules, which choose their corresponding variable according their self-features, and can make the dynamic adjustment for specified parameters during the course of system running. So it can make the procedure of lineloss analysis simple, flexible, intuitionistic and comprehensive. It is tested, by practical example to lineloss analysis that the alogrithm can obtain satisfied result.


The invention discloses remote management method and system for an optical network unit (ONU) in a passive optical network (PON) system. In the method, a remote network manager transmits a downlink management message for a remote management ONU to an OLT (Optical Line Terminal); the OLT receives and encapsulates the downlink management message in an Ethernet message with a protocol parameter to be transmitted to the ONU; and the ONU receives the Ethernet message and extracts the downlink management message from the received Ethernet message according to the protocol parameter for processing, thereby realizing remote management. By using the Ethernet message for carrying the message for management and finishing remote management on the ONU, the invention is not only convenient for the remote network manager to manage but also greatly reduces the occupation of IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. In addition, the stability and the efficiency of the PON system are improved, and the convenience is brought to user operation.


The eddy current losses in thin magnetic sheets have finite width (W), thickness (d) and simple bar‐like domain structures are calculated numerically assuming sinusoidal time variation of flux and uniform domain wall speeds. The Pry and Bean values for the ratio of calculated eddy current loss (Pe) to its classical value (Pc) are attained for fixed domain width (2L) in the limit W→∞. For a fixed number of domains (N) it is found that Pe/Pc has essentially the Pry and Bean value for 2L/d≳2 if N is odd (half‐size end domains). With decreasing domain width, Pe/Pc decreases monotonically and, for fixed N (odd or even), tends to zero as 2L/d→0.


Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous and persistent pollutants that bioaccumulate in animals and humans. The potential toxicity of these chemicals has fueled efforts to develop robust analytical techniques for measuring low levels of PFCs in human matrices. Quan titative selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays were developed for six PFCs using the Thermo Scientific TSQ Vantage triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) coupled to a PFC-free Thermo Scientific Accela LC system. Using this method, PFCs were accurately and reproducibly detected at ppt concentrations in neat solution and in human milk matrix. Exceptionally sensitive and accurate, this integrated LC-MS platform is ideally suited for robust ultra-trace analysis of PFCs in a wide range of matrices.


A life prediction model of probability statistics is introduced in this paper. On the basis of experiment research, grain life prediction is made by the life prediction model using probability statistics. Firstly, viscoelasticity structure analysis and stochastic structure analysis of grain are implemented and maximum strain and variance are figured out. In stochastic structure analysis, viscoelasticity random finite element method is used. Then the experiment data of billet natural aging and motor dissection are processed respectively. Based on above analysis, grain life is studied by model using probability statistics on basis of two experiments data. In the end, comparison of the ignition test of motor with flight test shows that it is reasonable to determine grain life by the motor dissection experiment data, and grain life resulting from billet natural aging experiment data is shorter than its real life.


New fully interferometric method for three-dimensional imaging spectrometry using a hyperbolic-type volume interferogram has been proposed. This paper present an experimental demonstration to validate the method.


We propose probabilistic lower bounds for the number of false null hypotheses when testing multiple hypotheses of association simultaneously. The bounds are valid under general and unknown dependence structures between the test statistics. The power of the proposed estimator to detect the full proportion of false null hypotheses is discussed and compared to other estimators. The proposed estimator is shown to deliver a tight probabilistic lower bound for the number of false null hypotheses in a multiple testing situation even under strong dependence between test statistics. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.