A large gas-filled adiabatic bubble resonator is an efficient source of low-frequency and ultra-low-frequency seismic waves. The bubble resonator has a single resonant frequency with not very large bandwidth. Its resonant frequency is difficult to change without changing the size of the original system, which can be very large for an ultra-low frequency band. The internal acoustic resonant structure can change the frequency response of the entire source and expand its bandwidth. Internal resonant systems can be designed so that the bubble resonator can be tuned over a wide frequency range. Other systems may add one or more internal resonances and spread the emitted spectrum over a very wide frequency band. An internal Helmholtz resonator convert the system from a single resonant to a double resonant system with a wide bandwidth. By lowering the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonator, it is possible to expand the bandwidth of the system below the principal resonance of the bubble resonator to the ultralow frequency range. This approach can be extended to more complex structures. A subwoofer in a bass-reflex enclosure works like a monopole inside a bubble resonator. The bass reflex resonator separates the pressure in front and behind the subwoofer cone and prevents waves with opposite phases from canceling each other out. Any other known audio loudspeaker enclosure design can be used to create the demanded frequency response of a multi-pole underwater subwoofer. The specific of the subwoofer underwater encloser resonator is that it is loaded not into the open air, but into the inner chamber of the bubble resonator. The underwater bubble resonator works as an efficient impedance converter, matching the impedance of the internal resonant system with the water radiation impedance. Impedance matching improves efficiency and source level. The proposed approach opens the way to the design of simple and inexpensive low-frequency broadband seismic sources. Examples of various systems and the results of their tests in water are considered in this paper. Experiments have shown that a gas-filled underwater bubble driven by a standard audio subwoofer can achieve source levels more than 185 dB re 1 µPa per 1 m over a wide frequency band. The results of the experimental verification are discussed.


the urban power of these groups from a broad and integrative perspective – as promised in the introduction. Other analytical yardsticks could have provided a more convincing integrative analysis. For instance, I missed any mention in the volume of the role of citizenship in determining social and political balances within the urban community. Briefly mentioned in some of the contributions, citizenship as a problem is never directly addressed in the book. A measure of belonging and an ensemble of social practices, a fiscal privilege and a legal status, citizenship graded urban communities and held them together at the same time. To analyse and contrast perceptions and experiences of citizenship could have helped to feature popular groups in more complex terms, going beyond basic claims on their heterogeneity without renouncing to analyse them from a diversity of perspectives. In regard to the transnational aims stated in the introduction, the book is more successful in placing Castile within a larger international framework than in providing systematic comparative analysis of the features and political actions of popular groups in late medieval Europe. Despite these limitations, the book is a significant contribution for urban historians. Bringing together analyses on urban communities with different demographic, jurisdictional and economic features, this book is in dialogue with the recent historiography focusing on popular political agency in the Middle Ages in terms of creative reaction and collective negotiation. The volume pushes forward the analysis of relationships between social groups, approaching them with chronological projection and reinterpreting early modern outbursts as the result of sophisticated processes of politicization. Making an effort to cross sources, methodologies and spaces, the volume enriches our understanding of the shaping of urban collective identities in the later Middle Ages. In so doing, the contributors have given life to the turbulent yet parallel rivers that, as recalled in the Castilian medieval verses opening the book, end up flowing together down into the sea.


Natural zeolites are one of the most examined natural minerals. By means of new studies conducted on zeolites, new areas of usage are being discovered day by day. It is possible to produce modified zeolites that having many variable functions by using the ion exchange capability of zeolite. In this study 100% cotton fabrics was used in the trials. The natural zeolite, used in the trials, was provided from Enli Madencilik A.Ş. and originated from the Manisa-Gordes region. The manufacturing of Zn-Zeolite was performed. And then the Zn-Zeolite were applied to cotton fabrics. The characteristics of the cotton fabrics treated with zinc-loaded antibacterial zeolite are analyzed in this article.


Paleoproterozoic cratonic blocks and predominantly Meso –Neoproterozoic mobile belts with Archean protoliths. All these ancient cratons were thought to be integral parts of the various supercontinents that have existed back through Earth's history. Dykes are very conspicuous throughout entire Indian shield, but are especially common in its component Archean cratons. Dykes can be grouped into distinct swarms on the basis of trend, emplacement age, composition, and paleomagnetic direction. It is also now established that many large dyke swarms form integral parts of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), which represent large volume, short duration (or pulsed) igneous events of intraplate character that provide a record of intraplate mantle melting events through time and may be correlated to mantle plumes, continental rifting and supercontinent break-up. We provide a progress report on our efforts to map and characterize the distinct dyke swarms of the different Archean cratons in the Indian shield, viz. Aravalli, Bundelkhand, Bastar, Singhbhum, eastern & western Dharwar, and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), using GoogleTM earth images and ArcGISTM techniques. Besides showing the distribution of the swarms, the GoogleTM earth images are also used reveal relative swarm ages through cross-cutting relationships. The distinct mafic dyke swarms being identified in this study can potentially be linked with coeval magmatic events on other cratons around the globe to identify reconstructed LIPs and constrain continental reconstructions. In general, the eastern and western Dharwar cratons, and also the SGT, have a shared history of mafic dyke emplacement and related magmatism. These widespread events include the (i) NE–SW to E-W trending 2.36-2.37 Ga Bangalore swarm, (ii) N-S to NNW-SSE trending 2.21 -2.22 Ga Kunigal swarm, (iii) NW-SE to WNW-ESE trending ~2.18 Ga Mahbubnagar swarm, (iv) newly identified N-S to NNE-SSW trending ~2.08 Ga Devarakonda swarm (Demirer, K., 2012: Master's thesis in Geology at Lund University; Kumar et al., 2015: Precamb Res, 266, 490-505*), and (v) 1.88-1.89 Ga NESW to E-W trending Bastar (BD2)-Dharwar swarm along with mafic sills of the Cuddapah basin (i.e. the BastarDharwar LIP). Some Cretaceous dykes are also emplaced in coastal region of Kerala (a part of the SGT), and are linked to the 90 Ma Madagaskar LIP. Several distinct mafic dyke swarms, most of them trending NW-SE, are also identified in the Bastar craton. The southern and central parts of the Bastar craton comprise three NW-SE trending mafic dyke swarms viz. ~2.7 Ga BD1, 2.4-2.5 Ga BN, and 1.88-1.89 Ga BD2 swarms. The northern part of the Bastar craton has a different pattern consisting of four swarms viz. NW-SE trending Paleoproterozoic (~2.7? Ga) North Bastar swarm, ENE-WSW trending Paleoproterozoic Dongargarh-Chhura swarm, ENE-WSW trending ~1.42 Ga Bandalimal swarm, and N-S trending 1.44 Ga Lakhna swarm. Some Cretaceous dykes, related to Deccan magmatism, are also known from the Bastar craton. The northern Singhbhum craton, i.e. Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, hosts a E-W to WNW-ESE trending Mesoproterozoic swarm and two Cretaceous mafic swarms viz. NE to ENE trending ~65 Ma high-Ti dolerites and NNW to WNW trending ~110-115 Ma low-Ti dolerites. The latter are likely related to the early Cretaceous Rajmahal magmatism (the Kerguelen Plume) and the former are related to the late Cretaceous Deccan LIP (the Reunion plume). On the other hand, the main part of the Singhbhum craton, i.e. Singhbhum Granite Complex, consists of four mafic dyke swarms viz. (i) 1.76 Rajesh K. SRIVASTAVA, Amiya K. SAMAL and Richard E. ERNST, 2016. Mapping the Dyke Swarms Emplaced within the Different Archean Cratons of the Indian Shield Using GoogleTM Earth Images and ArcGISTM Techniques. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 90(supp. 1): 64-65.


Abstract : Preliminary reports of a groundbased survey of the sky at 10 microns are reported. Four different detector systems have been used; their performance is discussed. On the basis of partial reduction of the data, one can state that the space density of stars at 10 microns is no greater than 0.01 per square degree at flux levels above 3.5 x 10 to the (-16) power w/sq.cm/micron. Extragalactic sources have been observed down to a flux limit of 3 x 10 to the (-19) power w/sq.cm/micron. A celestial star chart and catalog is given for 100 stars brighter than 3 x 10 to the (-16) power w/sq.cm/micron.


Abstract This paper challenges the general idea that incentive regulation of distribution system operators (DSOs) in energy markets leads to optimal investment and operational decisions. We show, using a model of incentive regulation based on benchmarking and data envelopment analysis (DEA) that, under certain conditions, DSOs will not have sufficient incentives to move forward to the industry's efficiency frontier. Furthermore, allowing DSOs to choose simple linear contracts of input will result in distortion allocations.


subdural hematoma (SSDH) following minor trauma in a 54-yearold man. Initially, the patient slipped on ice, falling on his back and occiput. Three weeks later he experienced an episode of acute lowback pain and increasing bitemporal headache. A computerized tomography scan displayed a small bihemispherical chronic SDH. This lesion was treated conservatively; however, the level of lowback pain fluctuated and was resistant to medical treatment. The patient developed progressive compression of the cauda equina. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a sharply defined mass lesion filling the entire dural sac and compromising the cauda equina ventrally and dorsally (Fig. 1); this was consistent with a chronic SDH. Progressive symptoms led to surgical evacuation. Surgical and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. The patient recovered completely, and 6-month follow-up MR imaging showed no residual or recurrent spinal hematoma (Fig. 2). Chronic SSDH is a very rare entity among spinal hematomas. Approximately 15 cases have been reported in the literature. Anticoagulant therapy, blood dyscrasias, trauma, vascular malformations, lumbar puncture, and surgery have been proposed as causative factors, and spontaneous cases have been described as well.1,2, 4,5 Symptoms are often uncharacteristic and can be misleading. Myelography has been supplanted by MR imaging as the method of choice to study spinal hematomas to determine their extent and to distinguish between intradural and extradural blood.3 The pathogenic mechanism of SSDH is still unclear. Unlike its intracranial counterpart, the spinal subdural space lacks vessels of sufficient size to be the source of the bleeding.1,4 Our case, documented by radiological, surgical, and histopathological findings, suggests that SSDH is a venous hemorrhage that can maintain a chronic course similar to that of intracranial SDHs. Chronic SSDH has been considered to have an uncertain prognosis; however, good results can be expected with early diagnosis and prompt treatment.


is a fact of life for many operators of natural gas-fueled reciprocating engines. The total cost of staying in compliance includes not just hardware, but also very significant labor costs. The lifetime costs of an air-to-fuel ratio control and catalyst system are mostly driven by the labor involved with maintaining and documenting the system's long-term compliance. End users can expect these labor costs to continue to increase as regulatory agencies move to more frequent test cycles, increased monitoring parameters and the associated documentation. Combustion can only be sustained in a narrow ratio of air to fuel. Stoichiometric refers to the chemically correct ratio of air to fuel, and for natural gas this ratio is around 14.3 by mass. The term lambda (l) is used to relate the actual air-to-fuel ratio (air-fuel or AFR) to the stoichiometric air-tofuel ratio and indicates whether the combustion is rich (more fuel) or lean (more air). • l of 1 is a stoichiometric air-tofuel ratio • l greater than 1 indicates a lean condition • l less than 1 is a rich fuel condition Figure 1 shows the various components of engine exhaust compared to l. Spark-ignited internal combustion engine manufacturers take two approaches to meet air pollution requirements: 1. Run the engine lean (l greater than 1), reducing NOx (oxides of nitrogen) and CO (carbon monoxide) as long as the ignition system provides enough energy to light the mixture consistently. 2. Run the engine at stoichiometric (l = 1) and install a three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust to reduce the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) formed in the combustion process. Three-way catalysts are effective when the engine is operated within a narrow band of air-to-fuel ratios near a l of 1, but their efficiency drops rapidly outside this narrow band. One of the major benefits of running at stoichiometric conditions — also called "rich" operation in the industry — is that engine performance is less impacted by the quality of the fuel. This makes rich-burn engines very popular in the oil and gas industry, where the fuel supply has not been refined to pipeline-quality gas. A second benefit is that the exhaust emissions can be more cost-effectively reduced below levels attainable in lean-burn engines. The amount of oxygen remaining after combustion gives an indication of the relative amount of NOx and CO in the engine's exhaust and whether the combustion was rich or lean. Exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors, when heated to a high temperature, develop an electrical potential difference (like a battery voltage) proportional to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust relative to that in the ambient air. This information, in the form of a voltage signal, can be measured by an Reduce The cosT of compliance By sTaying in compliance


The development of sustainable settlements requires land suitability analysis. This study aims to analyze land use based on satellite imagery, land suitability classes and criteria for settlements, as well as limiting factors and development priorities. The methods used include qualitative descriptive analysis for spatial analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis to explain the ranking based on land units. The study utilizes Landsat 8 data, administrative maps, soil types, and rock data. Tools used include a compass, camera, and GPS. Data collection is obtained through surveys, satellite imagery, and relevant documents. Data processing tools include ArcGIS 9.3, Er Mapper 7.0, and Global Mapper 15.0 software. Data is collected through field measurements and analyzed based on ranking and overlay techniques. The study results show that land use classification, including geometric and radiometric correction and maximum likelihood classification, demonstrates good accuracy. The classes and criteria for suitable settlement land are predominantly categorized as highly unsuitable, covering an area of 23,592.48 hectares, while the highly suitable category covers an area of 6,033.39 hectares. Settlement development priorities are categorized as Priority I covering an area of 3,181.34 hectares; Priority II, covering an area of 2,852.05 hectares; and Priority III, covering an area of 8,237.89 hectares. The study reveals the existence of settlement development in problematic areas, covering an area of 204.19 hectares. This phenomenon can be explained by the geographical conditions of Kota Ambon, which is primarily hilly, making it the preferred choice for residents in fulfilling their housing needs. Therefore, local governments need to strictly enforce regional regulations to preserve land and prevent potential impacts.


In order to obtain basic informations on establishment of culture system for Cassia tora L. in the southern part of Korea, under vinyl mulching and non mulching conditions, the characters of growth and yield following the difference of fertilization quantity were investigated. All characters, stem length, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, pod length, and number of grains per pod, etc., were excellent under the vinyl mulching condition, and of these growth characters, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, and number of grains per pod, etc. were most excellent in the district of N-PO-KO=8-6-6Kg /10a. Weight of 1000 grains and seed yield were also high under the vinyl mulching condition, and starting form the district of fertilization quantity N- PO-KO=8-6-6Kg /10a, the districts of increasing or decreasing fertilizer tended to be less yield. Also under the vinyl mulching and non mulching, the dispersive analyses of useful characters following the difference of fertilization quantity, were acknowledged to be worth of attention.


In this study, The biosorption process was carried out in a batch process and the effects of contact time ( 1-30 min.), initial pH (2-5.4), initial metal ion concentration (30-250 mg L -1 ), agitation speed( 50-200 rpm), biosorbent dosage (0.05-0.25 g) and temperature (298-328 K) on the biosorption were investigated. Electrophoretic studies which were measured at various pHs showed that the presence of the metal affected the zeta potential profiles. The efficiencies of Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions increased with the increase of pH, agitation speed, and temperature. A pseudo second order reaction model provided the best description of the data with a correlation coefficient 0.97-0.99 for different initial metal concentrations and temperatures. The isothermal data could be described well by the langmuir equatious and monolayer capacity had a mean value of 31.57 mg g -1


Road users are always expecting safe, fast, comfortable and predictable journeys both on a daily basis and on special occasions. Damage events that are predictable to a road network are challenges but those with difficulties to foresee are even greater. Vulnerability is critical in dealing with particularly high impact low chance events. In this paper the vulnerability of a road network is quantified to identify the weaknesses in the form of a road network. Theories of topology, structural vulnerability and road traffic are utilized in this paper. Based on the authors' previous work with modifications for basic concepts and variables, analysis is improved in this paper to include measures for the assessment of the form of both links and vertices. Transmittance of actual traffic flow is firstly considered for the function evaluation of a network. Traffic rerouting and reassignment is incorporated in the identification process of candidate vulnerable failure scenarios. It is proved in this paper that road networks do have weak points, single or combined, where if congested may cause great loss of function to local areas or the entire network. Findings in this paper are strong supportive points of research for the propagation of more delicate-designed and form-improved road networks in urban areas. Adaption of the current work can be made when various practical cases are involved. The vulnerability of traffic networks serving various traffic modes in a city is to be considered as future work.


textabstractSince Independence central government has stressed the importance of district council local authorities and their role in decentalizing both economic and political activities [...]


This issue seeks to advance some important contemporary evaluation debates: about how to evaluate – as well as de-construct – complex, non-linear and nonrational systems; about evaluation for and of participation and democracy; and about usefulness and usable knowledge through evaluation. Critiques of the inappropriate application of linear logics to both policies and programmes on the one hand, and to their evaluation on the other, are commonplace nowadays in evaluation circles. What is too often lacking is a move beyond critique to the development and application of alternative methods and models. Last year in issue 5(2) of Evaluation, Dabinett and Richardson made a plea for 'empirical studies and evidence from evaluation practice in the context of emerging alternative theoretical paradigms'. They were addressing the domains of policy making and planning and in this issue of the journal two articles, those of Abdul Khakee and Lars Carlsson, respond to this challenge in those selfsame domains. For Abdul Khakee the 'communicative turn' in planning implies 'a form of interactive discourse', and the plan itself constitutes a framework for argumentation between stakeholders, i.e. 'all those who are affected by the plan'. Combining various post-positivist perspectives, Khakee examines the texts of structure-plans in five Swedish municipalities. These plans are themselves set into a broader and still vigorous democratic tradition in Sweden about local participation, which nowadays also encompasses other 'bottom-up' concerns including the environment and conservation. The three evaluation approaches that Khakee applies to these structure-plans offer a different perspective to that which flows from a 'rational planning' framework. Instead of mainly 'helping planners understand and improve the plans', evaluation helps the actors concerned to improve the planning process. Within an institutionalist approach, for example, the author considers how knowledge is produced in the different localities: how far planners, local administrators, street level bureaucrats and citizens are involved in knowledge generation. Nor is this understanding only processual, because the discursive process by which plans are continuously revised also points to longer term strategies and outcomes. Lars Carlsson considers local policy making – also in Sweden – and shares many of Khakee's concerns: bottom-up processes of planning and development and many stakeholders engaged in complex local politics. Carlsson takes as read that 'the decision process is not a linear activity' and in particular critiques the linearity of the 'stage heuristics' model of textbook policy making. In the world of practical policy making, policy 'emerges' more often than it is 'decided'. Carlsson focuses on Evaluation Copyright © 2000 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi) [1356–3890 (200004)6:2; 115–117; 014054] Vol 6(2): 115–117


The Australasian Information Security Conference (AISC) 2011 was held on 18th-19th January 2011 in Perth, Australia, as a part of the Australasian Computer Science Week 2011. AISC grew out of the Australasian Information Security Workshop and officially changed the name to Australasian Information Security Conference in 2008. The main aim of the AISC is to provide a venue for Australasian and other researchers to present their work on all aspects of information security and promote collaboration between academic and industrial researchers working in this area.


Thymoma is the most common neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms of local compression, myasthenia gravis or other paraneoplastic syndrome. We present case of a middle aged woman with a large pleural based mass who was relatively asymptomatic Biopsy of the mass revealed thymoma type AB.Work up showed that she has multiple abdominal masses etiology of which is not known. Whenever feasible, surgery is the treatment of choice for thymoma.Our patient is undergoing chemotherapy with the goal that once the tumor size is reduced she will be able to undergo surgery.


Dr. Li Zhonghe, having been engaged in Chinese medicine for about 60 years, had a good command of acupuncture and Chinese Materia Medica, especially in the former, and he was known as a famous veteran TCM doctor in Tianjin. He passed away in 1993. This article introduces part of his experience to the medical colleagues.


Tiivistelmä-Referat-Abstract This study aimed at researching the quality of social and health care services from minority ethnic older persons' perspective. This was done by identifying the dimensions of the services where quality was experienced as poorest as well as studying the factors that influenced the experienced quality of the services. The client based quality was analysed as the congruence between the clients' expectations and perceptions. The information gathered from elderly people belonging to ethnic minorities was compared with data from social and health care service personnel. With the help of the analyses of experienced quality, the study aimed at identifying ways to develop and organise the social and health care services so that they would provide high quality services also for the elderly clients belonging to ethnic minorities. The data of this study consisted of two samples. The service user sample included constructed interviews with 119 Russians, 50 Vietnamese and 126 Sami respondents. The service provider sample consisted of 71 respondents, from whom data were gathered by postal survey with a questionnaire. Both of the samples were analysed by using quantitative, statistical methods. The area where quality was experienced as poorest, both among the service users and service providers, was access to services. The individual aspect that was most connected to the quality experiences of the service users, was the experience of racial harassment in the services. In the service user data, differences in the experienced quality of care were strongly connected to the ethnic group. This was the case partly because the respondents in different ethnic groups had different expectations and perceptions about the services, and partly because they emphasised different aspects of the services as being important to them. The results highlight the importance of equal treatment, cultural sensitivity and the principles and praxis of non-discrimination in the health and social services, in order to guarantee high quality care for all the service users. This forms a challenge to be taken into account in basic education and in the in-service training of social and health care professionals. Also the service design and culture should be developed towards care based on the individual. In order to provide high quality services for the aged, the unique situation of the individual should always be thoroughly examined and taken into account. This includes also acknowledging the ethnic background of the client.


* Received by the PGIT, Janoary 25, 1961. The work reported here W&R supported by Contract AF 19(604)4140. 1 A. V. Balakriehnan. "On & characterization of proceme8 for which the optimal mean-square systems we of specified form," IRE TRANB. ON INFORMATION THEORY. vol. IT-6. pp. 490-500; September, 1960. where E( . /. . . ) is the conditional expectation, 50 is the desired output, P( . . .) is a polynomial in n + 1 variates, C,( f . . ) and C,(. . . ) are n + 1 dimensional characteristic functions of the signal and the noise, respectively, and Dk are the partial differential operators l/j a/dtk. It is interesting to note that, as a result of (I), the following theorem can be derived.


Let p be an odd prime. This note describes the principal block $ of the group ring of the symmetric group S2p over the p-adic integers $. The principal block $ of $ has been considered in several papers: [4] determines the Ext-quiver of $ [5], the Loewy series of the projective indecomposable $-modules and finally [1] gives a presentation for the basic algebra that is Morita equivalent to $, where some constants are not fully determined. The present note does not depend on these results. The most important starting point used here is the decomposition matrix of $, which is calculated with the JantzenSchaper formula [11], [3]. Then the description of $ is a very easy application of the general theory developed by Plesken [8], [9] and further in [7]. Scopes [12] shows that many properties of $ also hold for all other symmetric group blocks of defect 2. We are confident that the same methods as those used here can be applied to describe these blocks up to Morita equivalence.


Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals has the seventh target of its Sustainable Cities and Communities focused on providing access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. Principles of sustainable development necessitate that a balance is struck between environment and development to ensure healthy urban living. It has long been established that the presence of natural areas and planned open green spaces in and around urban settlements contributes to a quality of life by providing important ecological, social and psychological benefits to humans. In India, rapid urbanisation is resulting in significant land being used for developmental activities resulting in decline in open spaces across cities. It needs to be noted, the case in Chandigarh, India is different from rest of the country, where open spaces are considered as inviolable land use. Being a rare exception amongst the cities established immediately after India's Independence, urban greens were visualized and planned as an integral component in the city's Master Plan. Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, where green spaces symbolized the lungs. The greens in Chandigarh were created as functional, organized and natural spaces for integration and convergence of mind and body, that is the city as well as of its population. The research delves into the aspect of inclusivity of its various green spaces based on the social survey of the city's residents. The intent is to determine the usability and accessibility of the greens by the residents for various recreational, cultural and ecosystem services. The measures of inclusivity of the green spaces are defined to address the key question being researched upon, that is if green spaces have contributed to Chandigarh being a healthy city. Built upon the social survey tools, the authors discern the typologies of green spaces as the measure for building a healthy city contextualized for Chandigarh.


ALL the member States of the European Community except France participate in the International Energy Agency of the O.E.C.D.' and are bound by this Agency's arrangements for dealing with oil shortages. According to the Agency's International Energy Programme' of November 1974, participating countries are obliged to maintain reserve stocks of oil sufficient for 90 days normal consumption and to establish contingency measures for reduction of consumption and allocation of supplies within the I.E.A. area in the event of a serious shortage. The basic principle of this scheme is that when supply to one or more participating countries falls by seven or twelve per cent., all participating countries must automatically activate their demand restraint measures so as to reduce normal consumption by a corresponding amount. The remaining supplies are then to be shared out equitably amongst participating countries. Activation of this scheme can only be prevented, if the Governing Board votes to this effect by a "special Majority'" within eight days of a "finding" by the Secretariat that such a shortage has occurred or "can reasonably be expected to occur". If no such vote is passed within this period, the participating countries are to implement their contingency measures within a further period of 15 days. The existence of such a scheme might be thought to obviate the need for introduction of arrangements of its own by the European Community. In fact, however, the I.E.A. scheme suffers from several defects. First, it cannot be activated until a shortfall of at least seven per cent, is found to have occurred or to be reasonably likely to occur. Prior to such a finding, the participating countries remain free to react to a shortage by introducing


MetaMap is an online application that allows mapping text to UMLS Metathesaurus concepts, which is very useful interoperability among different languages and systems within the biomedical domain. MetaMap Transfer (MMTx) is a Java program that makes MetaMap available to biomedical researchers. Currently there is no Spanish version of MetaMap, which difficults the use of UMLS Metathesaurus to extract concepts from Spanish biomedical texts.
 Our ongoing research is mainly focused on using biomedical concepts for cross-lingual text classification and retrieval [3]. In this context the use of concepts instead of bag of words representation allows us to face text classification tasks abstracting from the language [4]. In this paper we evaluate the possibility of combining automatic translation techniques with the use of biomedical ontologies to produce an English text that can be processed by MMTx.


Accounting Dynamics (AD) is a methodology of accounting as social science. We studied Accounting Dynamics from 1982 to 1994. We first proposed the concept of Accounting Dynamics on International System Dynamics Conference in 19871. We interrupted the study for a long time, because there were some difficulties to develop the real Accounting Dynamics models. The concept is still reasonable and so attractive that we have reviewed Accounting Dynamics again. This is first step to restart the project and show you Accounting Dynamics in order to organize the SIG. This paper shows what is "Accounting Dynamics" clearly. 1. Introducing Accounting Dynamics Accounting is a most primitive quantification of social process which is composed of interactions of people. Here, most primitive means that accounting is a basic way of symbolizing measurements of relationships among people, especially those important ones related to day-to-day transactions. One could say that there is no other system that measures each and every routine transaction as much as accounting. With society becoming more and more complex, many social institutions have been formed in order to regulate economic relationships. Accounting also has moved from a primitive level to a level of gigantic social institutions which regulate resource allocations in our society. However, this does not mean that accounting is no more the best way to quantify our everyday life. All economic bodies, whether they are individuals, corporations, municipals, or governments, still process their transaction data through generally accepted accounting procedures. And through this institutionally accepted accounting information, social relationships relating to resource allocations among people are decided. 1 Co-researchers were Saburo Kameyama in Chuo University and Takahiro Kojima in Senshu University. 2 Looking from a different point of view, accounting is a vivid control system from a different point of view; accounting is a vivid control system of resource allocations in our society. As such, it can have a large influence on the dynamic behavior of social systems. However, it can be said that until now, accounting has not had an effective method which analyzes the resource allocation process and interprets the dynamic behavior of social systems macroscopically. But it will be necessary to bring the accounting method of quantifying everyday transactions to a method of operational modeling and simulation of social systems. Accounting Dynamics (AD) is a new methodology of accounting as social science. In this context, Accounting Dynamics is a method of analyzing the dynamic behavior of social systems through accounting model simulation. In order to simulate the real state of the resource allocation in the social system, it is necessary to convert the quantification process of accounting into an operational model. In other word, the accounting mechanism of processing transaction data must be build into the structure of the model. The model also has to be able to withstand simulation tests operationally. Only through this type of model simulation can we expect to accomplish our primary research objectives. In this context, we use the System Dynamics method for our model operations. The reason for using SD is mainly the analogy of two basic variables (stock or level, and flow or rate) in SD to the balance sheet accounts and transaction concepts in AD. Figure 1 Basic Concept of AD Corporate Model Financial Position Flow Rate Integration of Transaction Flow Financial Position


An iterative optical vector-matrix processor capable of solving systems of linear algebraic equations or vector-matrix equations is described. The basic system uses a vector-matrix multiplier, consisting of a linear light emitting diode (LED) input array and fiber optic interconnections to a matrix mask interfaced to a linear output photodetector ar-ray. When the photodetector's outputs are returned to the LED inputs via a microprocessor electronic feedback system, an iterative optical processor results. The operation, description, and fabrication of this system are described, and its use as a rather general purpose optical processor is emphasized.


Reactions of 2-hydroxyimino-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole derivatives (1) with Grignard reagents gave 2-hydroxyimino (1e) and 2-(substituted imino)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazoles as major products, where 1e was reduced by excess Grignard reagents to 2-imino derivative. On the other hand, reactions of 1 with organolithiums afforded o-(methylamino)phenyl sulfides as a major product.


In space, thanks to micro-gravity conditions, a clock using laser cooled atoms is expected to have a better performance than on Earth. We have constructed a prototype of this space clock. It was tested in the absence of gravity of aircraft parabolic flights, yielding an atomic resonance with a width of 7 Hz, twice narrower than on Earth.


Abstract One of the main advantages of warm mix asphalt (WMA) used as an alternative to conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA), is to reduce mixing and compaction temperatures. This laboratory study was conducted with the aim of determining physical properties of WMA mixes produced using foam bitumen technology (WMA–Foam), while applying different mixing and compaction temperatures. The effect of laboratory compaction method on mix properties was also investigated. WMA–Foam mixes were produced, adding a soft bitumen to coarse aggregate particles at the first stage, then a hard bitumen, transformed into foam bitumen using a laboratory foam making device, was directly added to aggregates at the next stage. Compaction was performed separately applying both Marshall and gyratory compactors (GC) at different temperatures. Marshall Stability and void contents of the samples were determined as two major parameters for characterizing WMA–Foam mixes. Moisture susceptibility and rutting potential of WMA–Foam samples we...


Measurements of the threshold of hearing by bone conduction are made clinically by the use of a driver calibrated upon an artificial mastoid. The driver is calibrated for its voltage response. Normalization data have been obtained by a number of investigators with groups of young adults in terms of force, displacement, and acceleration. This paper discusses the relationship between these norms and the stimulus presented at the otic capsule. The paper discusses the physical factors leading to variability: the head, the driver, and the mechanical coupling between them. Given the problems observed, the force stimulus eliciting threshold sensation is probably the most reliable quantity to measure, and the simplest to calibrate.


In this paper an algorithm of combining homomorphic and adaptive fuzzy multilevel median filter is proposed, which is applied to restoring images degraded by speckle noise. Simulation result shows the algorithm can not only preserve the geometrical features of images but also effectively suppress speckle noise in images. Through comparison, it is proved that the algorithm is superior to the algorithm of combining homomorphic and multilevel median filter.


Introduction: There are various methods of ear wax extraction and there are no specific guidelines on this subject. Many times we ask patients to instil some wax softening product for a few days and revisit for wax removal. These revisits result in increased cost, discomfort and loss of time. We conducted this study to determine the effectiveness of same-day ear wax removal as an office procedure with one or more techniques. Our secondary objective was to find the association between various factors and successful wax removal.
Methods: During the study period, all patients with ear wax managed by a single ENT surgeon were included. History and examination were done and findings noted. One or more methods including probe, forceps, hooks, curette, suction, wax softening with wax softening agents, syringing were applied for wax removal. Complete wax removal was noted as success.
Results: There were a total of 63 cases of ear wax among 34 participants. Wax was successfully removed in 52 (82.5%) cases in the same day. Presence of ear ache, narrow canal, complete obstruction and hard dry wax were adversely associated with successful wax removal. Presence of ear fullness, ear discharge, or use of ear drops in home was not significantly associated with successful ear wax removal.
Conclusion: We were able to extract wax from a large proportion of patients on the same day of visit, thereby reducing their cost of revisit, however there were 17.5% of cases who could not be treated successfully on the same day.


Starting with the analysis of nonlinear prediction using artificial neural networks model,we establishes the nonlinear prediction model of support vector machines about regional logistics amount for there are not enough samples in logistics system now.The application has been done in Langfang city of China.Through the error comparison,the model using SVM has the most precision.The result shows its correctness and feasibility.


The decision to implement Summon was due to the feedback received by students and faculty regarding the need for a tool to search for library resources that is easy to use and gives good results. Summon was chosen from a set of tools which have similar functionality after rigorous user testing.


AMCA is the most effective of the antifibri-nolytic substances suitable for clinical use. After oral or intravenous administration, AMCA is largely excreted unchanged in the kidneys and inhibits the fibrinolytic activity of the urine. This has often the consequence that haematuria is arrested. The preparation was given to 172 patients with different urinary tract diseases having in common haematuria. We found side effects to be mild and uncommon. AMCA is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of urinary tract bleeding.


Summary
1.
The effects of metabolic inhibitors on the survival and growth of Entamoeba histolytica, DKB strain, with 3 different associate bacterial floras have been studied and evaluated.
2.
Inhibitors active against enzymes containing sulfhydryl groups, as iodoacetic acid and sodium arsenite, are effective in inhibiting the survival and growth of E. histolytica.
3.
Inhibitors active against phosphorylation, such as sodium arsenate are effective in inhibiting the survival and growth of E. histolytica.
4.
Glycolytic inhibitors including iodoacetic acid and sodium arsenate are effective against the survival and growth of E. histolytica. Their inhibitory effects on the amebae are most likely direct. Sodium fluoride, another glycolytic inhibitor seems not to be effective against the survival and growth of the amebae.
5.
Inhibitors active against the enzymes of Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as potassium cyanide, sodium azide, and sodium fluoroacetate are not effective against the survival and growth of E. histolytica.


The adjustable magnetic field is added to the parallel ion beam to realize the beam deflection, by which high diffraction efficiency IV-type concave grating can be obtained by ion bean etching at different blaze angles along the IV-type concave surface.The optimal blaze angle is calculated,and the IV-type concave grating is get with the holographic ion beam etching:grating size is 45mm×40mm; diffraction efficiency 67% at 250nm;input arm 200 mm;output arm188mm and curvature radius 224mm.The same IV-type concave grating is made with parallel ion beam,and the diffraction efficiency is about 37%at 250nm.The experimental results demonstrate that curing ion beam itching method is feasible,and the ion beam can be controlled to realized the fabrication of IV concave grating with high diffraction efficiency.


Jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) a condition that is often found in newborns. hyperbilirubinemia occurs because bilirubin levels are too high in the blood. This situation occurs due to the incomplete function of the liver (liver) in newborns to break down and remove bilirubin from the body. To keep the baby's temperature stable and reduce bilirubin levels in newborns, it is necessary to place an infant warmer equipped with blue light therapy. The purpose of this research is to design and make infant warmer integrated blue light therapy. Infant warmer integrated blue light therapy consisting of 3 lights, 1 heater, and 3 temperature sensors and using a switch and push button as a device controller. The intensity controller uses a dimer system, while the heater uses a relay system to activate and deactivate the heater, and the chamber temperature is displayed on the LCD. The battery that uses a 12 Volt voltage is equipped with a 12 Volt charger module and a 1000 watt inverter as a voltage converter. From the research results, the basic ingredients for making infant warmer integrated blue light therapy use hollow galfanix iron. Main support pillar with a length of 165 cm, length and width of the bed 60 x 50 cm using mica glass as the bed wall. The distance between the heater and the baby chamber is 75 cm, the distance between the blue light and the baby camber is 69 cm with a light rotation of 0-90o and uses plywood as a component box. After conducting research and designing the device, an infant warmer device is produced, equipped with blue light therapy, which is easy to use and safe for users to use. This tool can work at 12 Volt DC voltage with 180 Watt heater as heat source and 14 watt blue light as light source. As a suggestion, in the next research, this infant warmer device can be added with automatic wheels and the addition of automatic door locks and the blue light lamp holder to be strengthened again


The goal of this research to analyze correlations between Competency, Compensation, Motivation, Employee Performance in Primary Corporation of Pusdik Peglium Kodiklatad in Cimahi. The research want to analyze impact of Competency, Compensation, Motivation, Employee Performance in Primary Corporation of Pusdik Peglium Kodiklatad in Cimahi simultanty dan partially. Total populations are 190 persons. The samples are 129 person who are decided by Slovin Formula. Correlations score between Competency and Compensation is 0,907 (very strong), Competency and Motivation is 0,871 (very strong), Competency and Employee Performance is 0,910 (very strong), Compensation and Motivation is 0,876 (very strong), Compensation and Employee Performance is 0,930  (very strong) and Motivation and Employee Performance is 0,872 (very strong). Result of this equation have a meaning when Employee Performance without Competency, Compensation, Motivation, Employee Performance has score only 7,693. But if Competency, Compensation and Motivation are added simultanty so score of the Employee Performance will increase from 7,963 become 7,963 + 0,405+),40+0,149 = 9,148. Score F Account = 351,582 and score of F table is 3,91. F account more than F table. It means there  are impact Competency, Compensation, Motivation on Employee Performance Simultanty. This Research has a result that score of Significancy is 0,000. It mean that impact Competency, Compensation, Motivation on Employee Performance Simultanty and Significantly.


The Family Planning Program Monitoring and Evaluation System (FPPMES) a customized spreadsheet designed to be used in Lotus 123 Release 5.0 for Windows converts quarterly contraceptive supply data into estimates of contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) and couple-years of protection (CYP). The program automatically calculates the population of women of reproductive age to be used as the denominator for the CPR. CYP conversion factors can be changed easily to use empirically derived local factors. The FPPMES can be employed for planning purposes by family planning clinics regional programs and national programs. Its results have been shown to correspond closely with levels and patterns of contraceptive use obtained through Demographic and Health Surveys. This manual describes the four basic steps of FPPMES use: 1) open the program 2) enter basic information about the project and population 3) enter the family planning commodity distribution statistics and 4) generate graphs.


The Research Photographs collections consist of unique photographic and textual documentation generated by over 100 years of archaeological work conducted by Princeton University. In addition to the primary corpus of photographs, glass plate and film negatives, and drawings, there are supplementary materials such as journals, field notebooks, trench reports and other ancillary records. The extensive archaeological archive includes photographs from excavations sponsored by Princeton University...


In a population of 40 patients of a Hospital of Second Level of Care, the grade of compliance of the F1-PIVUPSVI / 02 format obtained a low overall compliance. It was found a finding a significant dependence between the academic degree and the compliance degree. It can be observed a slight increase in compliance according to the academic degree. Among the nine criteria, bag level, id and connected drainage was the most complied, and those of low compliance were hygienic and guidance measures. In terms of category, specialists in nursing report better compliance, the general nurses and graduates in nursing achieve the least compliance. Intensive therapy ranked first in compliance. For the inferential analysis, chi squared was applied, finding a significant dependence between the criteria for reporting data on urinary tract infection and the performance of hygienic measures on the patient. Carrying out hygienic measurements to the patient with the recording of the probe. As well as the counseling measures provided to the patient and relative to the record of functioning of the probe.


The invention relates to a device for dosing and/or transporting of powdery and/or pourable solids, in particular, powders, dusts and/or granules, comprising a housing (15) with at least one funnel-shaped inlet (2), at least one conical outlet (3) and at least one linear drive (18) operating at least one piston (1) with controlled speed and with reciprocation. According to the invention, the dosing and7or transport of powdery and7or pourable solids may be improved, the piston (1) is at least partly designed as a hollow body with an opening (10) facing the inlet (2) and an opening (11) facing the outlet (3).


Forty-one urine samples of smokers and non-smokers from Ile-Ife, Nigeria were analyzed for normal cadmium and lead levels after acid digestion. Results of the preliminary study show that concentrations of cadmium obtained were generally low compared with lead. The mean urinary levels from non-smokers ranged from 0.05 - 0.02 to 0.16 - 0.01 w g ml -1 and from 0.02 - 0.03 to 0.88 - 0.04 w g ml -1 for cadmium and lead respectively, whilst, for smokers, urinary levels varied between 0.07 - 0.01 and 0.23 - 0.02 w g ml -1 and between 0.28 - 0.03 and 1.02 - 0.02 w g ml -1 were obtained for cadmium and lead, respectively. Cd levels in urine of smokers and non-smokers are higher than the recommended normal level of 0.0085 w g ml -1 , while levels of Pb are above the 0.08-0.15 w g ml -1 exposure range. Results of spiking experiments with urine gave high percentage recoveries for both elements (Cd, 87.9 - 0.40%) and (Pb, 90.40 - 0.12%). Blank determination was done for background correction.


Growth duration,economic traits and yield were compared among 12 tested waxy corn varieties,and the comprehensive evaluation was conducted with the grey correlative degree analysis.The result showed the general quality of Xixingnuoyu 1 was the best,and Xiangnongbainuo 2 was the second.The yield of Xiangnongbainuo 2 was significantly higher than that of Zhongnuo 1.Xiangnongbainuo 2 possesses good quality and high yield,which is worth while being demonstrated and popularized ulteriorly.


We present an ultra-stable laser based on a compact Fabry-Perot cavity with a thermal noise limit expected at 2 × 10 15 in trems of fractional frequency stability. The 25 mm long cavity is housed in a cubic vacuum chamber with a volume of about 2.2 L. The measured phase noise is 3 dBrad2/Hz at 1 Hz with a simple optical set-up at 1542 nm.


Dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate are two promising candidate anti-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) drugs that have already been the subject of initial clinical trials in patients with AIDS. There is at present no reliable assay method to monitor blood drug levels in humans following the administration of either drug. We have now developed a sensitive bioassay system based on the inhibitory activity of the compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in MT-4 cells. This method permits the detection in (rabbit) serum samples of dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate concentrations as low as 3.0 and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies with dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate in rabbits indicated that the half-life of these compounds after intravenous bolus injection is approximately 1 h 24 min.


The Residual Smooting Scheme (RSS) have been introduced in \cite{AverbuchCohenIsraeli} as a backward Euler's method with a simplified implicit part for the solution of parabolic problems. RSS have stability properties comparable to those of semi-implicit schemes while giving possibilities for reducing the computational cost. A similar approach was introduced independently in \cite{BCostaPHD,CDGT} but from the Fourier point of view. We present here a unified framework for these schemes and propose practical implementations and extensions of the RSS schemes for the long time simulation of nonlinear parabolic problems when discretized by using high order finite differences compact schemes. Stability results are presented in the linear and the nonlinear case. Numerical simulations of 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are given for illustrating the robustness of the method.


Chuang Tzu showed his favoritism to the deformed person among the characters in The Book of ChuangTzu.These deformed figures who have noble character undertake the ideal and powerless state for the reality of Chuang Tzu , and give expression to the idea of his "Xiaoyao"(free and unfettered). Because of their spirit, they become a magnificent scenery of the history of Chinese literature.


SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and oxygen isotope analysis were carried out for granites at Xinkailing in the Beihuaiyang zone. In cathodoluminescence (CL) images, most zircons in one granite sample exhibit primary oscillatory zoning, which is typical for magmatic zircon, but some grains have internal structure altered by hydrothermal fluid; whereas the oscillatory zonations of most zircons in the other granite have been significantly disturbed, reflecting much stronger modification by hydrothermal alteration. The zircon U-Pb dating for the oscillatory zoned and hydrothermally altered domains yields two groups of weighted mean 206Pb/ 238U ages at (820±4)Ma and (780±4)Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as timing of granite emplacement and hydrothermal alteration. According to the obtained ages, the formation and later supersolidus hydrothermal alteration of the Xinkailing granite correspond to the two stages of bimodal magmatism with ages of ca. 830 to 795Ma and ca. 780 to 745Ma, respectively, for pre-rift and syn-rift during the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. They have very low δ 18O values, with 1.90‰ to 5.78‰ for zircon, -2.88‰ to -7.67‰ for quartz, and -4.01‰ to -11.40‰ for plagioclase. Zircon and other minerals display obvious O isotope disequilibrium, while the other minerals approached O isotope re-equilibration at different temperatures during the hydrothermal alteration. Zircons with a more strongly altered internal structure have lower relative δ 18O values. Therefore, the high-T hydrothermal alteration at Xinkailing may have occurred under supersolidus conditions, which not only completely reset the O isotope composition of quartz, but also partly modified the O isotope composition of zircon. The low δ 18O values of zircon in some samples may be partly acquired from the low δ 18O hydrothermal fluid. The anomalously low δ 18O values of -2.88‰ to -7.67‰ for quartz indicate that the hydrothermal fluid may be derived from the meteoric water of a cold paleoclimate. Therefore, the formation of low δ 18O granite during the mid-Neoproterozoic at Xinkailing is correlated with rifting magmatism and the snowball earth event.


Based on archival material, this study explores the participation of Swaziland's combatants in the First World War between 1914 and 1918. At the outbreak of the war it was imperative that Swaziland, as part of the British Empire, supports the British War effort. Caught up in South Africa's long standing imperial motives, most of the combatants from Swaziland served in the war through the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force. Except for a few individuals who joined the war front in Europe on their own, the rest of the participants had to prove that they had participated in German South West Africa in order to qualify to serve on the war front in Europe. Most of them therefore served in German West Africa and Europe, or in German East Africa and Europe because South Africa had imperial interests in German West Africa and German East Africa. In serving the British Empire, Swaziland's white combatants implicitly served South Africa's conceptual or anticipated empire.


(1989). Economic Change in the People's Republic of China: An Institutionalist Approach. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 155-188.


Thermodynamic treatment shows that for chemical reactions whose equilibrium constants go through maxima (or minima) the relationship ln K−ln Km=p(T−θ)2+q(T−θ)3+··· holds in the neighborhood of Tm=τ. Km is the extreme value of K. The constants p and q are equal to p=(ΔCp)θ2Rθ2;  q=−{(2/3)(ΔCp)θ−(1/6)(∂ΔCp∂T)θ1Rθ3. Equation (a), aside from the cubic and higher terms, has been proposed by Harned and Embree to apply to the experimental data on acidic dissociation. It is shown that for acidic dissociation in aqueous solution the properties of water almost completely determine the values of p and q. Estimates of these constants are made. The mechanism of the dissociation process is discussed, and it is shown that the equation for the dissociation of water can be represented by (m+n+2)H2O⇌H3+O(nH2O)+OH−(mH2O), where m+n+2≅16. This is in accord with the result of Harned and Fallon for mixtures of water and dioxane log10p0/p=12.2N2, in which p is the ion product for the mixture which contains a mole fraction N2 of...


ABSTRACT In discussing some of the core claims of collaborative innovation, this article uses the notion of 'blind spots' in a double meaning. On the one hand, it points at some blind spots in the debate on collaborative innovation, i.e. potential weaknesses, risks, and unintended effects of public sector innovation strategies resting on principles of collaborative innovation. Second, the paper considers collaborative innovation as a counter-strategy against blind spots and attention biases of public organizations. Drawing on this perspective helps to critically discuss some of the key assumptions supporting the promise of collaborative innovation to deliver benefits critical for public governance.


For dense small cell deployment in centralized baseband architecture, wireless fronthaul is a cost efficient and flexible alternative to fiber-based fronthaul links. Due to the available wide bandwidth, millimeter-wave technology is the most promising choice to realize multi-gigabit wireless transmission of the common public radio interface (CPRI). In this paper, we present a novel differential encoding scheme for differential quadrature phase-shift keying (D-QPSK) modulation, which enables data-rate adaptable CPRI transmission without modification of a standard receiver. A multi-rate D-QPSK modulator/demodulator (modem) is implemented and tested for data rates up to 10 Gbps, limited by the bandwidth of the microwave components in use. This modem is verified to fulfill the CPRI specifications with respect to multi-rate, low latency and high system performance. Therefore, it is proposed for the implementation of wireless CPRI links at millimeter-wave bands.


In this paper, an upper bound will be found for the second coefficient in the Taylor expansion of the analytical function $p(z)$ using the Jack lemma. Also, the modulus of the angular derivative of the $I_{f}(z)=\frac{zp^{\prime }(z)}{p(z)}$ function on the unit disc will be estimated from below.


Since performance measurement is based on geometric means many financial analysts use them for the estimation of risk premia as well. By means of historical data it is shown that this may lead to puzzling results. Seemingly, diversification not only decreases risk but also increases returns. This phenomenon occurs in discrete and continuous time models. The puzzle can be solved as follows: For portfolio optimization unbiased estimators for the risk premia should be used. However, geometric means which are appropriate for performance measurement systematically underestimate risk premia in discrete and continuous time models.


Parallel machines scheduling problems with resource consumption have been extensively studied because of their broad industrial applications. However, these systems, like any other system, are subject to deterioration. In this paper, we treat a parallel machine scheduling problem which is subject to deterioration effect and to resources constraints (manpower). The considered problem is a real problem of a handicraft pottery firm; where the process of a job requires a position in one of the identical parallel machines and manpower which is a craftsman. The craftsmen are skilled to process specific types of jobs, and machines deteriorate after processing a job. The problem is to find the best resources allocation to jobs and jobs assignment to machines, so that makespan is minimized. A mathematical programming model is formulated to solve the dynamic version of the problem. These scheduling problems are known to be NP-hard, especially the dynamic version, so the mathematical programming model is not able to give solutions in affordable computational time. For this reason, an approximate decomposition algorithm is developed to solve the considered problem.


Based on extensive archival research, this study documents and analyses the accounting techniques that the Companhia Geral do Grão Pará e Maranhão applied to its slave trading operations during the second half of the eighteenth century. The surviving accounting records of this Portuguese chartered company reveal – in meticulous detail – the integral role that accounting technology played in enabling the slave trade to flourish. However, and paradoxically, while evidencing this culpability the same accounting records also document the essential humanity of the slaves and preserve details of the bleak circumstances of their existence. Slaves are typically lamented as a lost people consigned to a tragic and an eternal anonymity, but it is from accounting records that many aspects of their lives can be reconstructed. In this way, the accounting records studied are also shown to provide a latent source of social history that constitutes a profound mea culpa.


In this work, a substrate integrated 3D solenoid inductor with an ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor) is demonstrated using the combination of Through Fused-silica Vias (TFVs) for low substrate loss and Copper (Cu) / Cobalt (Co) metaconductors for low conductor loss for millimeter wave (mmWave) applications. Especially, a Cu/Co metaconductor based 1 turn 3D solenoid inductor is integrated on a $300\ \mu\mathrm{m}$ thick fused-silica substrate with a small form factor of $170\ \mu\mathrm{m}\times 200\ \mu\mathrm{m}$. The Cu/Co inductor shows a peak Q-factor of 204 while a solid Cu counterpart does a Q-factor of 88.9 at 28.4 GHz, showing 130% Q-factor improvement. Modeling and optimization of the inductors has been performed using a lumped element circuit model and High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) simulation. Design, fabrication, and characterization of the inductors is detailed.


The possibility of two-well potential build-up along crystal rows in the vicinity of a screw dislocation core under external mechanical stress is considered. It is shown that under such conditions the slip of dislocations can be accompanied by atom acceleration. The numerical modeling of atom collisions and atom acceleration at a dislocation slip is carried out.

Russian text ignored.


The potential of cutaway peatlands for forestry has been recognised for many years, but the mixed performance of the first commercial plantations, established in the period 1988-92, highlighted the need for a research programme to study all aspects of the afforestation of cutaway peatlands. This led to the establishment of the BOGFOR project which has been supported over the years by Bord na Móna, COFORD, Coillte and the Forest Service.


The biometric relativity of Rosen (1973,74) admits[ z -( 1 / √ 2 )( t 1 + t 2 )]-type and[( t 1 + t 2 ) z √ 2 ]-type plane gravitational waves in four dimensional space-times V 4 having two time axes where in the latter case the spacetime can be reduced to conformal one.


CADD and have demonstrated their ability to support the line loads expected under every day loading conditions. The framings have also been physically mechanically tested under varying loading conditions to confirm the modelling results. The new framing equipment and materials discussed offer new opportunities for electric utility and contractor operations personnel to effectively and safely meet these challenging maintenance and system performance requirements. Since the TIF ® framings require significantly less labour to erect compared to traditional cross-arms, line crew work activity exposure (energized or de-energized) is greatly reduced. These innovative framing designs can be used to retrofit existing conventional line framings, they can be used in new line construction and they can be used as emergency restoration components. These design arrangements can be customized to suit most structure or conductor spacing and framing requirements. The K-ARM ® as well as the distribution and transmission line TIF ® systems are proven to provide many advantages and benefits. These include installed cost reduction as well as life cycle cost savings over conventional LLT and conventional crossarm arrangements.


We have recently begun a major collaborative project to determine the relative abundances of meteorite types over geologic time using remnant extraterrestrial chrome-spinels. These grains resist weathering and are preserved in terrestrial limestone [1]. The assignment of chrome-spinels to meteorite types requires multiple tools and techniques. The combination of chemical composition, oxygen isotopes, and the mineralogy and chemical composition of inclusions within the chrome-spinel define the host meteorite type. This work concentrates on samples from the Jurassic (~160 Myr ago).


Three-year-old Madeleine McCann disappeared on 3 May 2007 from a holiday apartment in Portugal. Over five years and multiple investigations that failed to solve this abducted child case, Madeleine and her parents were subject to a process of relentless 'intermediatization'. Across 24–7 news coverage, websites, documentaries, films, YouTube videos, books, magazines, music and artworks, Madeleine was a mediagenic image of innocence and a lucrative story. In contrast to Madeleine's media sacralization, the representation of her parents, Kate and Gerry McCann, fluctuated between periods of vociferous support and prolonged and libellous 'trial by media'. This article analyses how the global intermediatization of the 'Maddie Mystery' fed into and fuelled the 'trial by media' of Kate and Gerry McCann in the UK press. Our theorization of 'trial by media' is developed and refined through considering its legal limitations in an era of 'attack journalism' and unprecedented official UK inquiries into press misconduct and criminality.


The design of a fuzzy clock as an observer of changing duration during routing of packets in a network with chaos is given. A fuzzy Petri net model of an approximate time window (ATW) is used to model a fuzzy clock. The results of a simulation of the operation of a fuzzy clock in an agent network application is given.


for catalytic activity. Mutations of His34 and His88 to Ala completely abo)ished the enzymatic aetivit}r, and considerable decreases in the enzymatic activity were obseryed in cases of mutations of His83, Glu84, aRd Lys87, when yeast RNA was used as a substrate. Kinetic parameters for the enzymatic activity of the mutants of Hisd3, Glu84, and Lys87 were analyzed llsing a dinucleoside monophosphate CpU. Kl, values for the mutants were approximate)y ]ike that for wild-type,


Greek art and literature follow parallel courses through the long period from Homer to Euripides. Homer and Euripides, Dipylon vases and the latest white lekythoi are as far apart from each other as it is possible for works in the same medium to be. The distance can only be explained by a similar change in the views of artists, writers, and their public.


The longitudinal trajectories of cardiac structure and function following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are unclear. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aims to elucidate the effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on cardiac function in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) survivors after recovery.


This article introduces the features and function of urban eco-system and the concept of ecopolis. Then the author gives out the planning principle of ecopolis and analyses the relation between ecopolis and sustainable development.


New transistor architectures such as fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSoI) MOSFETs and FinFETs have been introduced in advanced CMOS technology generations to boost performance and to reduce statistical variability (SV). In this paper, the robustness of these architectures to random telegraph noise and bias temperature instability issues is investigated using comprehensive 3-D numerical simulations, and results are compared with those obtained from conventional bulk MOSFETs. Not only the impact of static trapped charges is investigated, but also the charge trapping dynamics are studied to allow device lifetime and failure rate predictions. Our results show that device-to-device variability is barely increased by progressive oxide charge trapping in bulk devices. On the contrary, oxide degradation determines the SV of SoI and FinFET devices. However, the SoI and multigate transistor architectures are shown to be significantly more robust in terms of immunity to time-dependent SV when compared with the conventional bulk device. The comparative study here presented could be of significant importance for reliability resistant CMOS circuits and systems design.


Since the discovery of Nuclein by Friedrich Miescher during the winter of 1868/1869 [1], later named DNA [2, 3], great scientific progress has been made in the fields of biotechnology and genetics. The development of DNA sequencing and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) accelerated developments leading to a new era in science and medicine [4, 5]. Using these techniques scientists were able to study specific DNA regions of interest, leading to the identification of variations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Upon completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), data on the complete human genome, including genomic diversity, became available [6-8]. The most common sequence variations found were Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), occurring approximately once every 100-1000 base pairs [9, 10] and are defined as a difference of a single base occurring at a particular genomic location [11]. Additionally, the term SNP is often used limited to single base variations with a frequency of occurrence of at least 1% in a particular population and to those that are non-disease conferring. Variations that do not meet these criteria are considered to be mutations rather than polymorphisms. Both restrictions however pose a dilemma. Firstly, a SNP in one population should be considered a mutation in the other due to population dependent occurrence of >1% vs. <1%. Secondly, a disease causing mutation of a single nucleotide in one individual could hypothetically be non-disease conferring in another and therefore should be considered a SNP. To overcome these issues the term SNP is used throughout this thesis as a single base variation on a certain genomic position regardless of occurrence and disease causing potential, that persists in a population. Each individual has a unique set of these SNPs, ones SNP genotype can therefore be considered as a genetic fingerprint. SNPs occur less frequent in coding regions when compared to non-coding regions. Obviously, when located in a coding region a SNP may have a direct effect on the encoded protein [11-13]. SNPs in non-coding regions however, may still have a functional effect due to altered expression of the protein involved [14-16]. Because of the large amount of SNPs throughout the entire human genome and their possible effect on encoded proteins and gene expression, variations in SNPs do attribute largely to human phenotypic diversity. Because of their presence throughout the genome and frequent occurrence, SNPs are hypothesized to be highly useful markers with regard to tissue …


Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0081 / Evaluation of Crohn's disease Activity: comparison of magnetic resonance enterography with conventional colonoscopy, laparotomy and biopsy" by: "R. jafari; Sari/IR"


This study adopted the veteran health care system as the research object to make further discussion and conducted analyses that based on the viewpoint of being managers. It was mainly integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with Task-Technology-Fit (TIF) Model as the basis, as well as incorporated with factors of Organizational Culture to be the research aspects, so as to understand those factors that would be affected their own staff's behavioral intentions on using mobile medial APP services. This study used structured questionnaire to survey these employees and staff of veteran health care systems who have used mobile medical APP services by distributing questionnaire, 289 valid copies returned with an effective retune rate of 83%, and applied the statistical software Smart PLS 3.2 and SPSS 22.0 to verify the assumption correlation between variables and explanatory ability for dependent variables. The research results showed a positive significant influence on the Behavioral Intention between the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use; Task-Technology Fitness and Organizational Culture has a positive influence on the perceived usefulness; technology feature and task characteristics have a positive influence on Task-Technology Fitness.


Translated from Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., Pis'ma Red.; 18: No. On the basis of an analysis on the data on the temperature dependence of the density of the normal component, it is concluded that there can exist new singularities of the energy spectrum of /sup 3/He quasiparticles in /sup 3/He-/sup 4/He superfluid solutions. (auth)


The article describes main reasons for language loss and its consequences. Firstly, author provides the reader with four gradual steps of language loss. Further author gives main reasons for language loss and distinguishes a group of consequences which consist in loss of communicative skills and understanding, loss of traditional knowledge, loss of identity.


As part of the reconstruction of the library of the Carmelites of Mainz an anthology of Melanchthoniana was discovered, which were protected by the Carmelites of Mainz by sewing together before the reception in the convent. This form of pragmatic censorship was so far observed only relatively rarely.


Fourteen triethylamine derivatives including the 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)triethylamine (CPTA) were all found to be effective in inducing the formation of lycopene in Marsh white seedless grapefruit (Citrus paradisi, Rutaceae); however, they differed in the degree of effectiveness. The structural feature necessary for inducer activity appeared to be the tertiary alkylamine. Compounds with an S atom joining the amine portion and the benzene


Travel to the stars will require unusual exotic propulsion schemes of significant performance, may use no expelled propellants, and possibly use field propulsion technology. Questions are raised concerning the spacecraft environment regarding linearity of a typical space‐time metric and attempts to understand differences between space‐time subsets with the 'full' dimensional space‐time. Temporal space dimension differences could include linear time and exponential time and there may be subsequent consequences regarding scaling one to the other. Gertsenshtein provides unusual insights relevant to time machines and space‐time singularities during travel in the space‐time continuum. Based upon current technology and our intellectual limitations to understand these discrepancies, an initial trip on a particular geodesic may result on a return voyage on an entirely different world line due to nonlinear consequences from time loops that could create unstable space‐time metrics. Other major uncertainties include...


Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were produced by two different methods. For reference purpose carbon black (CB) reinforced formulations served. In the first method the components were mixed on a two roll open mill directly. In the second method, GnP was subjected to milling in an attritor mill together with cyclic butylene-terephthalate oligomer (CBT) powder prior to the mixing on two roll mill. Samples were cured in a hot press. The rubber sheets were characterized by tensile and tear tests, and their fracture surfaces inspected in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that GnP outperformed CB with respect to reinforcing effect. Previous co-milling of GnP with CBT caused a slight decrease in mechanical properties. SEM images proved, that the co-milling process did not affect significantly the dispersion of GnP, its particles were shredded into smaller pieces, which caused the slight decrease in the mechanical properties.


Objectives Systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies. To quantify the increased risk smokers have of experiencing a delayed and/or non-union in fractures, spinal fusion, osteotomy, arthrodesis or established non-unions. Setting Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and Web of Science Core Collection from 1966 to 2015. Study eligibility criteria, participants and interventions Observational cohort studies that reported adult smokers and non-smokers with delayed and/or non-union or time to union of the fracture, spinal fusion, osteotomy, arthrodesis or established non-union were eligible. Data extraction and outcome measures 2 authors screen titles, abstracts and full papers. Data were extracted by 1 author and checked independently by a second. The relative risk ratios of smoking versus non-smoking and the mean difference in time to union patients developing a delayed and/or non-union were calculated. Results The search identified 3013 articles; of which, 40 studies were included. The meta-analysis of 7516 procedures revealed that smoking is linked to an increased risk of delayed and/or non-union. When considered collectively, smokers have 2.2 (1.9 to 2.6) times the risk of experiencing delayed and/or non-union. In all the subgroups, the increased risk was always ≥1.6 times that of non-smokers. In the patients where union did occur, it was a longer process in the smokers. The data from 923 procedures were included and revealed an increase in time to union of 27.7 days (14.2 to 41.3). Conclusions Smokers have twice the risk of experiencing a non-union after fracture, spinal fusion, osteotomy, arthrodesis or treatment of non-union. Time to union following fracture, osteotomy, arthrodesis or treatment of an established non-union is longer in smokers. Smokers should be encouraged to abstain from smoking to improve the outcome of these orthopaedic treatments.


This communication tries to analyse and visualize the German academic web space. It intends to show the structural characteristic of the network, showing groups and detecting the highest degree universities. Its relationships with the remaining European countries are also described. A network graph was built from the link relationship among 110 German universities. This data were extracted from Yahoo! Search and modelled through Pajek 1.02. Results show that the German network rests on a dense core of 46 universities, where the Berliner universities have a central position. Several geographical and thematic groups have been also detected. We conclude that the use of social network techniques allow us to uncover the structural dimension of an academic web space.


We examined people's charity contributions while in the presence of an observer of the same sex, opposite sex, or no observer. Inspired by costly signaling theory, we hypothesized that men would be more generous in the presence of a potential mate. Men and women played a number of experimental games in which they could earn money. On completion of these games participants were asked what percentage of their earned money they would be willing to donate to charity. Our results show that men contribute more to charity when observed by a member of the opposite sex than by a member of the same sex or no observer. Conversely, female charity donations did not significantly vary across the three observer conditions. Findings support the notion that men's generosity might have evolved as a mating signal.


Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to test theories surrounding the drivers of MA of their occurrence, size and affect, and from that derive their applicability on the European
internet gambling industry. Methodology: This thesis uses deductive methods in which it tests theories with hypotheses by quantitative measures. Financial data have been gathered of companies in the internet
gambling industry between the years 2004 and 2010. Testing of independent variables followed this to explain two dependent variables; one by Nominal Logistic Regression analysis and the second through Multiple Regression analysis. T-Pair Test analysis is made on the independent variables themselves for search of mean-differences before and after acquisitions. The three serves as the base for our empirical findings and analysis. Theoretical Perspective: This paper has covered the M&A theory deemed most relevant to our study. Focusing on theories surrounding drivers of M&A including size and affect together with theories that serves as an explanatory for our findings. This includes both literature and academic perspectives in published papers. Empirical Findings: The hypotheses were divided in sections of three and later tested for acceptance. Our results were somewhat inconclusive in finding evidence that supported the
chosen theories of MA occurrence, size and performance, and in the opposite in the wanted results of some hypotheses' regressions. Conclusion: The European gambling industry is concluded in this paper as a unique industry based on its inconsistency in compliances with the stated theories of M&A activity. Excess
Cash prior to M&A increases its likelihood, while Debt and Return-on-Equity both had a negative effect on the size of M&A, were the main factors found supporting theory of M&A.


When developing automated assessments and intelligent tutoring systems, a lot of routine effort goes into developing the bank of learning problems. Problem generation is the way to automate this process. In this paper, we present a method of generating expression-related problems for teaching introductory programming courses. The problems are generated from open-source software code which allows keeping learning problems similar to the production code the students should learn to analyze and write. Generated problems are automatically classified by their difficulties and the knowledge they need to solve, represented as sets of possible errors. This allows seamless integration with adaptive learning algorithms. The evaluation showed that the generated problems are indistinguishable from human-authored problems and suitable for use in the educational process.


This report presents the description and validation of the analytical methods for calculation of the seismic loads on an HTGR core and the core support structures. Analytical modeling, integration schemes, parameter assignment, parameter sensitivity, and correlation with test data are key topics which have been covered in detail. Much of the text concerns the description and the results of a series of scale model tests performed to obtain data for code correlation. A discussion of scaling laws, model properties, seismic excitation, instrumentation, and data reduction methods is also presented, including a section on the identification and calculation of statistical errors in the test data.


This work presents ionic liquid based variable focus lenses using electrowetting, which exhibit excellent performance over a conventional saline based lens such as good tolerance of sharp temperature variation, wide operating temperature range (which is up to 100 °C) and in particular high stability at high temperatures.


A kind of formation pressure monitoring method on the basis of the logging while drilling(LWD) data was formulated.It can conduct a real-time monitoring of formation pore pressure using LWD data in the process of drilling.First,based on the WITS data format and the TCP transmission mode,the LWD data real-time collection program was developed,thus achieving the real-time collection of LWD data.Second,the initial pressure monitoring model was established according to the drilled well data of the neighboring region.Then,the LWD data obtained by real-time monitoring were used to conduct a pressure monitoring of the target well.Finally,the formation pressure information(such as actually measured pressure,drilling fluid density,and so on) obtained in the process of drilling was used to correct the initial model and the pressure calculation result so as to obtain the relatively precise formation pressure monitoring result.A series of system software for formation pressure monitoring while drilling were developed on the basis of theoretical research,mainly including the function modules of initiation,LWD data real-time collection and processing,formation pressure monitoring,real-time curve display,real-time early warning and pressure section output.The field application of the system for formation pressure monitoring while drilling in the Yingqiong Basin of the South China Sea shows that the system can exactly monitor formation pressure.It runs smoothly with convenient operation and high monitoring precision,thus satisfying the engineering requirement.


ABSTRACT Stress singularity at a vertex in three-dimensional joints is closely related to the strength of joints. It is very important to analyze for evaluating the reliability in a three-dimensional joint. However, the stress singularity field near a vertex and along a stress singularity line is not made still clear. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of stress singularity field at a vertex and a point located on the stress singularity line in three-dimensional joints using a three-dimensional BEM with a fundamental solution for two-phase materials and an eigen analysis based on FEM. A 3-ple root and a 5-ple root of eigen value, p=1, occur at the vertex and a point on the singularity line, respectively. The variation of stress distribution in a cylindrical coordinate system concerned with a point on the singular line with a distance from the vertex is examined using BEM. The order of stress singularity deduced from the stress distribution is compared with that deduced from the eigen analysis. The slope of the stress distribution reduced the logarithmic singularity terms was fairly agreed with the order of stress singularity calculated by the eigen analysis. It was shown that the order of stress singularity at the vertex was larger than that at the point on the stress singularity line, and the effect of logarithmic singularity along the singularity line on the stress distribution is larger than that at vertex. The value of coefficient in a power-law singularity increased as approaching to the vertex along the singularity line. In particular, all coefficients of terms in logarithmic singularity vary in the same way with the angle from an interface.


Introduction The preceding account of a logical framework for investigating biological observations is not as easy to use as might be hoped. The major problem is that neither the original observations nor the results of tests are unambiguous. Biological observations (in whatever form the data are collected) are not constant, fixed truths, but vary from place to place and from time to time. So, of course, do measurements in other sciences, such as chemistry and physics. Even where intrinsic variability is small or absent (i.e. the measurement is of some physical or chemical constant), both the machinery used to make measurements and the observers themselves are not constant. Variability in measurements There are intrinsic and extrinsic reasons why biological observations are variable. Intrinsic reasons include, first, fundamental properties of biological systems. For example, the size of an animal, the rate of growth of a plant, the speed of movement of a predator are all subject to genetic variability from one individual to another. Thus, unless the individuals are identical in all genetically determined processes of growth or speed (respectively), there is no possibility that their sizes (or speeds) will be identical. Second, in addition to innate properties of systems, there are intrinsic processes causing variability. For example, the diameters of oocytes in a gonad are influenced by stresses, pressures, rates of cellular division, position in the gonad, etc.


Artificial muscles, providing safe and close interaction between humans and machines, are essential in soft robotics. However, their insufficient deformation, output force, or configurability usually limits their applications. Herein, we present a class of lightweight fabric-lattice artificial muscles (FAMs) that are pneumatically actuated with large contraction ratios (up to 87.5%) and considerable output forces (up to a load of 20 kg, force-to-weight ratio of over 250). Our developed FAMs consist of a group of active air chambers that are zigzag connected into a lattice through passive connecting layers. The geometry of these fabric components is programmable to convert the in-plane lattice of FAMs into out-of-plane configurations (e.g., arched and cylindrical) capable of linear/radial contraction. We further demonstrate that our FAMs can be configured for various soft robotic applications, including the powerful robotic elbow with large motion range and high load capability, the well-fitting assistive shoulder exosuit that can reduce muscle activity during abduction, and the adaptive soft gripper that can grasp irregular objects. These results show the unique features and broad potential of our FAMs for high-performance soft robots. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


CdSe crystal was a very promising semiconductor material as room-temperature nuclear radiation detec- tors.In the experiment,by innovated perpendicular vapor phase pull method in a two-zone furnace,size of (?)15mm×40mm and receptivity of 10~7~10~8Ω·cm CdSe large single crystals were grown.The CdSe single crystal (110) cleavage plane was tested by XRD and IR.The results showed that perfection of the crystal is good,IR transmission is larger 62%,what is more,two-step purification,and the two-zone furnace has better temperature gradient,can effectively control impurity,defection concentration and chemical ratio of the crystal in the growth process.


This study investigates the causality between corruption and economic growth in Nigeria. Johansen co-integration test, ADF unit root test, Granger causality test and Ordinary Least Square methods were employed on time series (secondary) data, covering 1990 and 2010. FDI inflow, Corruption Index, Gross Domestic Product, gross fixed capital formation, openness/globalisation of the economy and government expenditure were the variables employed. Five models were specified; the first four models examined the relationship between corruption and various economic growth determinants, while the last model examined the relationship between corruption and economic growth. The result revealed that that there was no significant relationship between corruption and the Economic Growth (GDP) determinant, openness of the economy and globalization (OEG). While economic growth and the other variables such as government expenditure (GOV), foreign direct investment (FDI), Gross capital formation (GCF) has significant relationship with corruption, thus indicating that corruption exhibited a positive relationship with economic growth (GDP). The result of Granger causality tests shows that corruption Granger cause FDI inflow, government expenditure, gross capital formation, openness and globalisation of the economy. Also, there is uni-directional causality from corruption to Economic growth (GDP). This confirms the existing arguments that the level of corruption in a country is a relevant determinant of the level of economic growth. The study therefore recommends among others  that the activities of the anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria such as the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Related Offences Commission (ICPC) should be strengthened and that our youths need to be re-orientated on moral values. Keywords : corruption, economic growth, co-integration, unit root test.


The present invention provides a method for causing plant cells or a plant to stably accumulate a desired protein, and a transgenic plant caused to accumulate a protein. This method for causing a plant cell to accumulate protein is characterized in that a gene for coding a target protein having an intracellular membrane localization signal on the N terminus and a vacuolar localization signal on the C terminus is expressed in a multiple variant in which myrosin cells lacking an endogenous vacuolar protein are present in a plant elsewhere than around the vascular bundle; and the target protein or a protein lacking the N terminus region of the target protein is caused to accumulate in the myrosin cells in the multiple variant.


In the current era of globalization, information technology is advancing rapidly. Computer technology is equipment that was created to facilitate human work, is currently making progress both in making hardware and software. CV. Win Motor is a company engaged in the sale of Second Motorcycles. Existing system in Cv. Win Motor is still carried out conventionally, starting from recording motor unit data, sales transactions, to making reports. So that store performance is ineffective and inefficient and allows errors in recording, especially when making reports. Therefore it requires the existence of an information system that supports and facilitates employees in carrying out their work, especially in sales activities every day. For this reason the author tries to make the Final Project on making a sales system on Cv. Win Motor which until now has not been computerized. The method used in making software, this design system uses the SDLC model of a waterfall. The design of this information system is the best solution to solve the problems that exist in this company, as well as with a computerized system can achieve an effective and efficient activity in supporting activities in this company.


Abstract Smith and Graser have recently proposed an efficient algorithm for computing restricted maximum likelihood estimates of variance components in a class of mixed models. The procedure involves the application of Householder transformation to tridiagonalize the coefficient matrix of the mixed model equations, thus eliminating the need for direct matrix inversion. This technical note extends their computing algorithm and applies the singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix such that restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components in a class of mixed models would become a computational triviality and require little computer time during iteration. A numerical example is given to illustrate the identity of singular value decomposition approach and direct matrix inversion approach of solving the mixed model equations.


An unexpected cyclization of thioamides with p-quinone methides promoted by acridinium salt under the irradiation of visible light furnished 1,2,4-dithiazoles in moderate to good yields. In addition, the reaction of the obtained 1,2,4-dithiazoles with isocyanides offered a new entry for the synthesis of thiazol-5(4 H)-imines in moderate yields.