The newly formed Game Theory Society held its first International Congress in July 2000. We knew John was ill, and his absence was felt keenly by all. His was the generation that first established game theory as a viable discipline, there were five universally agreed-on outstanding leaders, and unfortunately John alone was absent. But his actual death came as a shock. John Harsanyi was devoted to matters of the intellect, and it is in these terms that I intend primarily to describe him. His physical appearance and demeanor tall, grave, courteous, cautious in his speech, yet not to be dissuaded from a point or a position he felt strongly about all fitted a man to whom the intellect and the life of science and rigorous inquiry were very important aspects of life. On the subjects he found important, he thought deeply and spoke and wrote only after long reflection. I had read several of his early papers at the time of their publication. They were written while he lived in Australia and included his two very famous papers in the Journal of Political Economy basing utilitarianism on risk-bearing. I knew only the papers and assumed the author was some established scholar. I was very surprised therefore when he walked into my office, informed me that he had just been accepted as a Ph.D. student at Stanford, and asked if I would supervise his research. A little conversation established quickly enough that he was the fully developed scholar I had thought he was. I asked him why he was bothering to take a Ph.D.; it was unlikely that he would learn anything that he didn't already know. His answer was clear enough; he needed the Ph.D. to have an academic career, not for an education. He had lived in great danger and wanted to take no chances. He also came with the ideas for a truly original Ph.D. dissertation already worked out. I did my best to find a few flaws to justify my role as adviser, but basically all I could do was applaud his novel approach to the study of bargaining. A few years later, I had an unexpected opportunity to arrange an offer by Stanford for a joint appointment for him in economics and political science. But, to my great disappointment, he accepted a competing offer from the Graduate School of Business at the University of


In order to apply formal verification methods to actual microprocessors, the author studies the functional semantics of microprocessors of the Von Neumann machine type, at different specification and description levels. She settles a functional formalism from which the semantic equivalence between adjacent levels is proved. Here, she proposes a general methodology to define the functional semantics of a processor at the microprogram level. She also presents the correspondence between this level and the machine instruction level.<<ETX>>


Lately there has been an intense political and academic debate in regards to the obstacles for approving and for putting into practice public policies that Mexico needs for its development. The objective of this article is to show that the last causes of the incapability to modify the status quo as well as to stimulate a reformist government, lie in the institutional and political incentive system, which limits the spaces according to the agreements among the system's actors. Starting from reflection on points of veto, this article contends that insofar as institutional counterbalance increases –traduced in the multilateral game of vetos– the President's probability to approve structural reforms and to change the status quo decreases.


Thirty-seven papers, in French or English, on Relative Chronologies and Absolute Chronology, 16000-4000 BP' presented to a 1986 symposium at Lyon. A wide range of sites and cultures are considered in relation to dates, chiefly from radiocarbon, but also from TL and dendrochronology. The volume ends with a list of Near Eastern C14 dates. A4, 2vols, 744pp. (BAR, 1988)


Abstract : A key component in the test and evaluation of bioaerosol detectors is the unit of measure used to describe the distributed bioaerosol. We examine two existing units of measure, Agent Containing Particles per Liter of Air (ACPLA), and Biologically Active Units per Liter of Air (BAULA). We conclude that ACPLA is an insufficient unit of measure that provides little useful information about the bioaerosol. While BAULA corrects many of the issues present in ACPLA, calculation of BAULA is extremely difficult as it requires knowledge of a number of variables that are currently unavailable. Therefore, we propose a new unit of measure, Total Agent per Liter of Air with particle size distribution (TALAp). TALAp contains the two most important variables for evaluating biodetectors: the amount of agent present and the particle size distribution. Thus, TALAp allows for more accurate and reproducible testing of biodetectors. Furthermore, TALAp can be implemented in sealed test chambers using existing referee equipment and is directly comparable to legacy ACPLA data. While some testing procedures may need to be augmented to measure TALAp in breeze tunnel and field testing, these new procedures are relatively simple to implement and will pay additional dividends to the test and evaluation community.


We present the generalized peephole metaphor, a model of interaction in augmented reality and instrumented environments. After briefly introducing previous research, which led to the model, we describe a specific scenario in which we introduce the core idea and some implications. The model nicely matches research in human perception, which is also discussed briefly. A short outlook describes our current research, of which the generalized peephole metaphor has become an integral aspect.


In vocational training to promote the development of the talented, the idea that the training is the foundation, the appraising is the measure and the employment obtaining is the purpose is a key.


Reversible light-matter interfaces are crucial elements in quantum optics and quantum information networks. In particular, the coupling of one-dimensional bosonic nanoscale waveguides and cold atoms appears as a promising pathway to build strong light-matter interaction thanks to the tight transverse confinement of light.


Introduction: As patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have various clinical backgrounds and the treatment strategies that are applied in their management are diverse, it is difficult to accurately estimate their prognosis. We con-ducted this study to establish a prognostic nomogram for mCRC patients using a population-based database. Materials and Methods: In this population-based, multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study, we aimed to en-roll 1,500 patients from all nine designated cancer hospitals across Fukushima prefecture from January 2008 to December 2015. Patients with a metastatic lesion according to the TNM classification (AJCC/TNM 8 th ) were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was overall survival. The last day of follow-up was December 31, 2017. We investigated the clinical significance of the following variables: age, sex, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, activities of daily living, location of colorectal cancer, degree of differentiation, TNM stage, number of distal metastatic organs, severity of each metastatic organ, symptoms from the primary lesion, laboratory markers, and method of treatment. Discussion: This is the first prognostic nomogram of patients with mCRC created from a population-based cohort.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract:-In this project, a new algorithm to generate reference voltage for a distribution static compensator (dstatcom) operating in voltage-control mode. The proposed scheme exhibits several advantages compared to traditional voltagecontrolled dstatcom where the reference voltage is arbitrarily taken as 1.0 p.u. The proposed scheme ensures that unity power factor (upf) is achieved at the load terminal during nominal operation, which is not possible in the traditional method. Also, the compensator injects lower currents and, therefore, reduces losses in the feeder and voltage-source inverter. Further, a saving in the rating of dstatcom is achieved which increases its capacity to mitigate voltage sag. Nearly upf is maintained, while regulating voltage at the load terminal, during load change. The state-space model of dstatcom is incorporated with the deadbeat predictive controller for fast load voltage regulation during voltage disturbances.


Objective
To investigate the expression of miR-124 in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines LN229 and LN229R, as well as the regulatory mechanism of miR-124 on radiosensitivity of LN229R cells.

Methods
miR-124 mimic (miR-124) and negative control (miR-NC), STAT3 overexpression plasmid (STAT3) and pcDNA3.1 vector (pcDNA) were transfected or co-transfected into radioresistant glioma cells LN229R. qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the expression of miR-124 in LN229 and LN229R cells. The survival rate and sensitivity-related parameters of LN229R cells at different doses were analyzed by cloning formation assay. Cell apoptosis of LN229R was evaluated by flow cytometry. Targeting gene of miR-124 was predicted using Targetscan software and verified by the double-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay was performed to detect STAT3 protein expression.

Results
The expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (0.32±0.03) was significantly lower than that in LN229 cells (1.02±0.09) (t=12.780, P<0.05). Transfection of miR-124 mimics promoted the expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (4.02±0.39) compared with miR-NC group (0.95±0.06) (t=13.476, P<0.05). After 8 Gy irradiation, the survival rate of LN229R cells transfected with miR-124 mimics (0.003±0.000 4) was significantly lower than that in miR-NC group (0.033±0.005 0) (t=5.655, P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate (22.34±2.42)% was significantly higher than that in miR-NC group (4.69±0.51)% (t=12.361, P<0.05). STAT3 was identified to be a target gene of miR-124. Exogenous restoration of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on LN229R cell survival.

Conclusion
miR-124 increases the radiosensitivity of LN229R cells by targeting STAT3.

Key words:
Glioma cells; Radiosensitivity; miR-124; STAT3


Abstract 3956

Background: Recently in large randomized studies, the addition of Rituximab to standard chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) demonstrated improvements in long-term outcome in FL.

Methods: We compared the outcome of 111 naive FL patients (pts) treated at our institution from 1995 to 2009 with a single alkylating agent in combination or not with Rituximab: 58 pts received Chlorambucil plus Rituximab (R-Chl) and 53 pts Chlorambucil and prednisone (Chl+PDN). The 2 schedules included an induction phase, where Chlorambucil was given at 6mg/mq for 6 consecutive weeks in both groups and the Rituximab in 4 weekly administrations. The maintenance phase was longer in the Chl+PDN group: Chlorambucil was administered 6mg/mq daily 14 days each month for a total of 12-months of treatment versus 14 days with monthly-Rituximab for 4 consecutive months in the R-Chl group.

Results: The demographic and prognostic factors are reported in [Table 1][1].

View this table:

At the end of treatment the ORR was 98% in the R-Chl pts and 77% in the Chl+PDN group, with a percentage of complete response of 79% and 55% respectively. No significant incidence of adverse events were reported and only one HBsAg positive patient in R-Chl group discontinued the therapy. One case of myelodysplastic syndrome was described in a Chl+PDN relapsed patient. With a median follow up of 34 months, the OS and the EFS in R-Chl pts is 95% and 76% respectively. Otherwise, with a median observation time of 82 months in the Chl+PDN group 73% are alive and only 28% of pts maintained the response. The median time to subsequent therapy (TTST) is 21 and 15 months respectively in the 2 groups.

Conclusions: The addition of Rituximab to alkylating in first-line treatment in previously untreated FL pts improves significantly the EFS and prolongs the time to next antilymphoma therapy compared with alkylating alone. Because of its low toxicity profile, our combination with Rituximab and Chlorambucil could be considered a first-line therapy, especially in FL patients not eligible for aggressive chemotherapy regimens.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #T1


This paper describes the design and development of S-band GaAs MMIC chipset consisting of a digital phase shifter, a digital attenuator, and a SPDT switch. The MMICs have been designed using a mature 0.5mum InGaAs pHEMT technology. To offer an attractive solution for phased array systems, the chipset has been integrated in a small form factor hermetically sealed metal package with plug and play features. The package design has been carried out in-house and reflects a System in Package (SiP) approach suited for high volume production. The integrated control component offers typically 9dB of insertion loss, a RMS phase error of 1.5 deg and a RMS attenuation error of 0.1 dB. The module features a high isolation of 55 dB between transmit and receive ports. The developed control module has been tested successfully in beam forming systems. The design of the constituent MMICs are presented in the initial sections followed by the description of the SiP module and the performance of the integrated entity.


Background. In a family with inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) we identified a novel mutation (p.V240M) of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated type 4 (HCN4) channel, which contributes to the pacemaker current (If) in human sinoatrial node cells. Here we clinically study the family and functionally analyze the p.V240M variant.Methods. Macroscopic (IHCN4) and single-channel currents were recorded using patch-clamp in cells expressing human native (WT) and/or p.V240M HCN4 channels.Results. All p.V240M mutation carriers exhibited IST (mean heart rate 113[7] bpm, n=9), that in adults, was accompanied by cardiomyopathy. IHCN4 generated by p.V240M channels either alone or in combination with WT was significantly greater than that generated by WT channels. The variant, which lies in the N-terminal HCN domain, increased single-channel conductance and opening frequency and probability of HCN4 channels. Conversely, it did not modify channel sensitivity for cAMP and ivabradine or the level of expression at the membrane. Treatment with ivabradine based on functional data reversed the IST and the cardiomyopathy of the carriers.Conclusions. The p.V240M gain-of-function variant increases If during diastole, which explains the IST of the carriers. The results demonstrate the importance of the unique HCN domain in HCN4 which stabilizes the channels in the closed state.Funding. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (PID2020-118694RB-I00); Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (P2022/BMD-7229), European Structural and Investment Funds); and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERCV; CB16/11/00303).


We present the results of a comprehensive infrared, submillimetre, and millimetre continuum emission study of isolated low-mass star-forming cores in 32 Bok globules, with the aim to investigate the process of star formation in these regions. The submillimetre and millimetre dust continuum emission maps together with the spectral energy distributions are used to model and derive the physical properties of the star-forming cores, such as luminosities, sizes, masses, densities, etc. Comparisons with ground-based near-infrared and space-based mid and far-infrared images from Spitzer are used to reveal the stellar content of the Bok globules, association of embedded young stellar objects with the submm dust cores, and the evolutionary stages of the individual sources. Submm dust continuum emission was detected in 26 out of the 32 globule cores observed. For 18 globules with detected (sub)mm cores we derive evolutionary stages and physical parameters of the embedded sources. We identify nine starless cores, most of which are presumably prestellar, nine Class 0 protostars, and twelve Class I YSOs. Specific source properties like bolometric temperature, core size, and central densities are discussed as function of evolutionary stage. We find that at least two thirds (16 out of 24) of the star-forming globules studied here show evidence of forming multiple stars on scales between 1,000 and 50,000 AU. However, we also find that most of these small prototstar and star groups are comprised of sources with different evolutionary stages, suggesting a picture of slow and sequential star formation in isolated globules. Subject headings: dust, extinction — infrared: stars — ISM: clouds — stars: formation — submillimeter: ISM 1 ar X iv :1 00 4. 08 69 v1 [ as tr oph .G A ] 6 A pr 2 01 0


ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our goal is to identify bacterial biomarkers of adverse Clostridioides difficile infection outcomes OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We characterized microbiota features of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) and will investigate the association between bacterial taxa and adverse outcomes, which includes severe and recurrent CDIs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 1,517 stool samples were collected from patients diagnosed with a CDI at the University of Michigan along with 1,516 unformed and 910 formed stool control samples. We characterized the microbiota of the 3,943 stool samples by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and used the Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures method to cluster samples into community types. Severe CDI cases were defined using the Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria and recurrent CDIs were defined as CDIs that occurred within 2-12 weeks of the primary CDI. We will use machine learning to examine whether specific bacterial taxa can predict severe or recurrent CDIs. We will test 5 machine learning models with 80% training and 20% testing data split. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Similar to findings from a previous study with 338 samples, we found there was no difference in diversity between CDI cases and unformed controls (Inverse Simpson index, p > 0.5) and samples from the 3 groups (CDIs, unformed controls, and formed controls) clustered into 12 community types. To investigate the bacterial taxa that are important for predicting adverse CDI outcomes, we will select the best machine learning model based on performance and training time and examine how much each feature contributes to performance. We anticipate the large number of CDI cases in our cohort and robust machine learning approaches will enable us to identify more bacteria associated with adverse outcomes compared to other studies that have attempted to predict CDI recurrence with fewer CDI cases. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Adverse CDI outcomes are a significant source of the morbidities, mortalities, and healthcare costs associated with CDIs. Identifying bacterial biomarkers of severe and recurrent CDIs could enhance our ability to stratify patients into risk groups and may lead to the development of more targeted therapeutics.


The maturity of computer terminal inspection technology has led to a preliminary improvement in the capabilities of computer secrecy inspection in secret units. However, the development of informatization and the continuous increased secrecy situation have placed increasing demands on the secrecy inspection and supervision capabilities in those secret units. In view of the current boundary protection issues of computer terminal secrecy inspection systems in the multi-level deployment mode, and the analysis and use of inspection results can not reflect the implementation of the secrecy responsibilities of the secret personnel's entire career and the lack of coverage the entire life cycle of secrecy the inspections process such as application, approval, execution, notification and rectification, a multi-level computer terminal inspection management system has been designed. Through the establishment of a cross-domain exchange data platform, data security problems in secrecy inspection are solved. Though the establishment of secrecy inspection results analysis mechanisms based on people's careers, the secret units can trace implementation of the secrecy responsibility of secret personnel throughout their careers. By the informatization of the entire lifecycle process of the secrecy inspection process on the same platform, capabilities of the secrecy inspection and supervision can be enhanced effectively.


In this article we propose a Cloud-based platform for the detection and prediction of snow avalanches. The platform is based on data gathering from sensors, data collection in Cloud and using this data as an input for the developed Machine Learning algorithms. We discuss the different phases of the data workflow and present the proposed system's functionalities. We also analyze the data validation and pre-processing operations necessary before applying the Machine Learning algorithms on the gathered data. We also present the integration of the Machine Learning capabilities with the OpenGate cloud platform.


The presence of lipids in renal cells upregulates intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory and fibrogenic responses, both of which are components of progressive renal injury. Lipids activate various growth factors that cause mesangial cell proliferation. Mesangial cells bind both LDL and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), leading to yet more cell proliferation via multiple downstream effects. LDL stimulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA, which increases monocyte chemotactic activity (1). LDL also stimulates the expression of fibronectin mRNA, which induces proliferation of mesangial matrix cells. In the extracellular matrix, ox-LDL induces podocyte apoptosis, decreases Akt activity, depletes nephrin (an adhesion molecule specific to the glomerular slit membrane), and induces the retraction of cultured podocytes, which leads to alterations in the glomerular barrier and increased albumin diffusion (2). Both LDL and ox-LDL induce the expression of NF-κB, which has been associated with inflammation in glomerulonephritis and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3). It has also been found to induce the expression of genes that encode other cytokines, chemokines, interferons, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and MHC proteins involved in inflammation and proliferation (4).

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase ( i.e. , statins) reduce renal injury in several experimental models (5–7). Statins also exert immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects (8–10) because mevalonate also serves as a precursor for isoprenoids—farnesylpyrophosphate (F-PP) and geranylpyrophosphate (G-PP)—that normally attach posttranslationally to intracellular signaling proteins (10). By blocking the synthesis of F-PP and G-PP, statins prevent the anchoring of growth factors to the cell membrane and cytoskeleton, thus hindering signal transduction to the nucleus, activation of transcription factors, and cell proliferation in the vascular endothelium.

Among their antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects, statins reduce levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, PDGF, NF-κB, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, …


For 20 years, Microscopy/Microscopy Education (MME) has been conducting market surveys for the industry, identifying emerging trends and, even more importantly, giving you, the practicing microscopist and spectroscopist, a chance to impact the direction of instrumentation via your input on our surveys. (Many of you remember us for the M&Ms we used to hand out in exchange for your input at key trade shows). The results of 20 years of your valued participation have been profound: new technology that fits your needs, coming on line faster and more economically.


The velocity changing collisions (vcc) play an important role in the description of velocity redistribution of particles caused by nearly resonant interaction with the laser light and collisions (1). Collision relaxation rates are conveniently described by collision kernels which, in turn, depend on interatomic potential and scattering amplitudes and is proportional to the collision cross section. The population kernel gives the probability density per unit time that an active particle in state 1 i> undergoes collisions with perturbers (usually a noble gas atom or impurity), which changes the active particle velocity from v′ to v. Due to the fact that perturber-active particle interaction is state dependent the collisions cause different changes in the ground and excited states of active particle. Although the shape of the populations distributions resembles those from well-known Bennett hole theory, the distribution of the total population has two peaks and obviously is asymmetrical (2). Vcc together wit...


Sequence variants in the human genome are associated with serum levels of prostate-specific antigen. SNPping Away at Prostate Cancer Measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is the only diagnostic test for prostate cancer and is used as a screening tool for deciding whether to perform a biopsy. Yet, this diagnostic test is far from ideal, with more than a third of men with serum PSA levels of 10 ng/ml or greater having no evidence of prostate cancer at biopsy, and some men with very low PSA levels (less than the lower threshold of 2.5 ng/ml), who are not given a biopsy but yet end up having prostate cancer. The lack of specificity and sensitivity of the PSA test and the many confounding factors that influence the test result, including medications, inflammation, and, of course, genotype, have reduced the value of this screening tool. As with most cancers, early detection of prostate cancer leads to a greatly improved chance of survival, so improving the predictive accuracy of this test is of paramount importance. In an effort to investigate whether genome sequence variants can be used to make the PSA test more sensitive, Gudmundsson and colleagues have undertaken a genome-wide association study in 15,757 Icelandic men and 454 British men not yet diagnosed with prostate cancer to see whether they can tie sequence variants [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] to serum PSA levels. The authors identify six loci with SNPs that correlate with PSA levels. They then probed these data more deeply. They looked at these loci in 3834 men who underwent subsequent biopsy of the prostate and demonstrate that three of these loci (10q26, 12q24, and 19q13.33) are associated not only with higher PSA levels but also with a higher probability of a negative biopsy result. The authors suggest that this genotype information should be used to calculate a personalized "cutoff" value for serum PSA levels in each individual to improve the predictive accuracy of the test and to ensure that only men who need a prostate biopsy are subjected to this procedure. Measuring serum levels of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most common screening method for prostate cancer. However, PSA levels are affected by a number of factors apart from neoplasia. Notably, around 40% of the variability of PSA levels in the general population is accounted for by inherited factors, suggesting that it may be possible to improve both sensitivity and specificity by adjusting test results for genetic effects. To search for sequence variants that associate with PSA levels, we performed a genome-wide association study and follow-up analysis using PSA information from 15,757 Icelandic and 454 British men not diagnosed with prostate cancer. Overall, we detected a genome-wide significant association between PSA levels and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six loci: 5p15.33 (rs2736098), 10q11 (rs10993994), 10q26 (rs10788160), 12q24 (rs11067228), 17q12 (rs4430796), and 19q13.33 [rs17632542 (KLK3: I179T)], each with Pcombined <3 × 10−10. Among 3834 men who underwent a biopsy of the prostate, the 10q26, 12q24, and 19q13.33 alleles that associate with high PSA levels are associated with higher probability of a negative biopsy (odds ratio between 1.15 and 1.27). Assessment of association between the six loci and prostate cancer risk in 5325 cases and 41,417 controls from Iceland, the Netherlands, Spain, Romania, and the United States showed that the SNPs at 10q26 and 12q24 were exclusively associated with PSA levels, whereas the other four loci also were associated with prostate cancer risk. We propose that a personalized PSA cutoff value, based on genotype, should be used when deciding to perform a prostate biopsy.


In this paper, we show that every w-projective w-module is reflexive, moreover, every finite type w-module over a PVMD is reflexive. We also prove that a coherent domain with finite weak dimension is a PVMD in which every prime w-ideal is flat. Further, we obtain two representations of w-operation:if R is an SM domain, then R{X} is noetherian, and if F is w-projective as an R-module, then F{X} is projective as an R{X}-module.


Childhood absence epilepsy is an epileptic syndrome of children characterized by frequent absence seizures and typical EEG findings. Absence seizures also occur in other forms of epilepsy. A survey of the literature shows that a major difficulty arises in distinguishing childhood absence epilepsy from other epilepsies with absence seizures. In the present paper, the following three aspects are discussed: 1. seizure prognosis and EEG evolution of childhood epilepsies with absence seizures, 2. longterm clinical course of childhood absence epilepsy, and 3. transverse topographical analysis of absence seizures and its predictive value.


This paper describes the first case of fish-boces (Chondrostoma polylepsis) with cutaneous lesions caused by Rhizopus sp. The results point out the role of fish-boces as a surveillance sentinel of cutaneous mucormycosis infections in aquatic recreation areas.


According to the morphologic character of cells, a simple way based on the circular aperture diffraction is put forward in the paper. Cells in different states, such as normal living cells, apoptosis cells, necrosis cells, can be differentiated easily and the quantities and the quantities ratio of cells in different states can be got in this way. The diameter of sample cell can be measured accurately by the circular aperture diffraction combined with CCD. The frame diagram of measuring the size of cells based on the circular diffraction and CCD is presented, as well as the Principle of method in the paper. Using the method presented in the paper, the apoptosis and necrosis situations of leukaemia tumour cell HL60 were measured. The experiment results showed that the results of quantities and the quantities ratios of HL60 cells in different states such as apoptosis and necrosis measured by the method presented in the paper were consistent with the results measured by the other accepted method.


Sci‐ Hub has been referred to as the "Robin Hood" of science, but in reality, it is not. Sci‐ Hub is a disruption to the entire scholarly publishing research cycle. Over the last three years, the amount of licensed e‐ content that has been illegally obtained by Sci‐ Hub has grown significantly. This content has been acquired through stolen institu-tional staff and student credentials. Acquiring and misappropriating these credentials creates serious risks for an institution's systems and users as well as publishers. What can libraries and publishers do to minimize or eliminate these infractions? This discussion about the collective efforts of publishers, libraries, and other organizations will cover how to protect electronic resources, personal data, and adopting best practices in order to better defend from cyberattacks that compromise our organizations. We will discuss how these attacks can occur and steps you can take to protect your library. While, unfortunately, there is no one single solution for this problem, we will also look at a case study of a library that successfully implemented some of these practices to combat the cyberattacks. Through this we will demonstrate that together we can reduce the risks facing researchers, librarians, and publishers created by Sci‐ Hub.


An important characteristic of most computer supported work environments is the distribution of work over individuals or teams in different locations. This leads to what we nowadays call `virtual' environments. In these environments communication between actors is to a large degree mediated, i.e. established through communications media (telephone, fax, computer networks) rather in a face-to-face way. Unfortunately, mediated communication limits the effectiveness of knowledge exchange in virtual environments because the communications media employed are less suited for tacit knowledge than for explicit, codified knowledge.


ABSTRACT Electromyography (EMG) -based control is the most convenient and robust way to classify body movements for controlling prosthetic as well as orthotic devices. Its translation from lab-based approach to assistive devices demands a problem-centric and cost-effective solution. This paper demonstrates its utility for the classification of four foot movements, viz Plantar flexion, Dorsi flexion, Eversion and Inversion. For the experimental study, four superficial muscles (viz. Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Gastrocnemius Medial and Fibularis Longus) were identified as electrode positioning locations for the EMG data acquisition. This work is aimed to minimize the number of electrode locations without significantly affecting the classification performance. Channel-set CH2,4 corresponding to the combination of Hallucis Longus and Fibularis Longus muscles is found to be the most optimal. The maximum classification accuracy obtained for the given set with the selected feature-set has been (91.85 ± 3.57)%. The classification performance has been assessed on the basis of parameters such as the type of classifier, window length, data sampling and also the body mass index of the participants. The developed technique can be applied for control of ankle exoskeletons for healthy as well as person with certain disabilities.


An array of northeast-trending shear zones in the northwest Gawler Craton of South Australia has heen implicated in widely disparate Proterozoic continental reconstructions. Quantitative constraints on timing of movement along these shear zones are sparse, but potentially provide tests for contrasting reconstructions. New 40Ar/39Ar data provide improved age constraints for movement along these shear zones and are interpreted to indicate that the Karari, Tallacootra and Coorabie shear zones were active at ~ 1440 Ma. This timing is ~ 100 Ma younger than suggested in several published reconstructions and is also significantly older than Grenvillian-age tectonism in adjacent provinces to the west and north. The shear zones of the northwest Gawler Craton are interpreted to have formed in response to sinistral transpression, and dissect the region into several geological domains of contrasting metamorphic grade. Despite distinct differences in metamorphic grade the various domains exhibit evidence of a shared event-history prior to deformation at ~ 1440 Ma, albeit at different crustal levels. Movement along the shear zones of the northwest Gawler Craton at ~ 1440 Ma therefore appears to have dissected and reorganised a previously coherent crustal block rather than representing a suture zone between distinct terranes.


The calculation of Construction area is the basic work of engineering measurement, and has great significance in engineering construction. According to the definition of construction area, Through in-depth analysis the standards of building construction area, and find out the characteristics and relations, Summarizes the main features. Made summary on the building envelope and no-envelope, Design using and no-using etc, it speed up the memory of building construction area calculation rules, Simplify the calculation of construction area and Cost Professional Exams.


3.4. Conclusive remarks With these results at hand we may now evaluate Wolff's "vasospastic hypothesis" (3). Firstly, the reduced rCBF associated with classic migraine developed independently of the supply territories of the cerebral arteries and arterial vasospasm is probably not the cause of the reduced flow. Secondly, the long duration of the reduced rCBF, and the dissociation in time between reduced rCBF and focal symptoms suggests that neurological deficits are not caused by reduced rCBF. Thirdly, migraine headache is typically associated with reduced rCBF, we found no evidence of intracerebral vasodilatation associated with pain as previously observed. Fourthly, it is uncertain whether the effect of ergotamine is due to constriction of painfully dilated cerebral vessels. Taken together the data does not support a sequence of intracerebral vasoconstrictiondilatation accompanying prodromes-headache of classic migraine. It rather seems that a prolonged arteriolar vasoconstriction accompanies the major part of the attack. This conclusion is different from most of the previous studies which supported Wolff's hypothesis. An explanation for the divergence may be that the main part of our records were taken during the first six hours of the attack, while earlier studies, in all probability, were conducted at later phases. The persistently low rCBF during headache of classic/hemiplegic migraine in the present studies, in contrast to the increased flow levels mostly found in previous studies may be explained if on one hand blood flow increases in late phases of the attack, and if on the other hand patients in previous studies were examined lately during acute attacks. Such a time course is supported by a recent study, which showed that rCBF is increased at 24 hours after begin of the hemiplegic migraine attack, subsequent to an earlier phase of low flow (60; Allan Andersen personal communication). The studies suggested a slowly propagating cortical disturbance as the trigger of blood flow changes and symptoms in classic migraine, reminiscent of CSD, but did not give us any clues to the pathophysiology of common migraine. The possibility of CSD being involved in classic migraine was evaluated in animal studies.


This paper is aimed at comparing the use of technique elements by the teams and players who play in the elite level club competition Champions League and the Serbian professional football league. The results of the study were obtained by observing an overall of 20 randomly chosen games, 10 from the Champions League (CL) and 10 from the Serbian SuperLiga (SSL). The processing and analysis of the results included each contact with the ball of the players during the play. In the previously designed observing protocol we recorded each technical element, of five groups of technical elements: ball kicks (6 variables elements), ball receiving (12 variables elements), disguising movements and dribbles (6 variables elements), takeover and carrying the ball. The research showed that there are differences in using of certain technical elements in the two analysed competitions. Kicks, receiving and carrying of the ball are significantly more used in the CL while no differences were manifested regarding the use of certain types of kicks and ball receiving. Additionally, there are differences in distribution of certain types of kicks and ball receiving. In the CL significantly more applied are instep drives (70% of all kicks), while in the SSL headers and inside part hard kicks are by far more frequent compared to the CL. The way of ball receiving is partially conditioned by the stated difference in ball kick usage so exploiting of instep ball receiving (rolling ball) is the dominant element of ball receiving technique especially in the competitions of the CL. Dribbling application did not show any difference between the football players of the two analysed competitions, where the basic dribbles were the most applied ones (65-70%).


The research deals with the basic principles of the use of anti-crisis personnel management in enterprises of agriculture. The paper theoretically proves the implementation efficiency of anti-crisis personnel management in enterprises of agriculture. Nowadays many enterprises are constantly faced with the impact of crises of different nature. HR management is urgent and a priority to improve the efficiency of the administrative process for all organizations. The actual basis for the introduction of anti-crisis management in enterprises is timely detection and correct response to crisis situations by human resources. The basis of anti-crisis personnel management is an organization work with the staff, aimed at creating conditions for the effective activity planning at the company, the selection of strategies for implementation, development of anti-crisis program, selection of appropriate instruments to use. However, it is important to take into account the human factor, based on the psychological readiness of skilled company personnel to work in conditions of stress and crisis. Much attention is paid to the overview of main factors that are necessary for personnel in the organization of anti-crisis management. The principles of anti-crisis personnel management are systematized. It should be noted that the principles can be individual, that is specific to the crisis in the enterprises, as the staff in this case is in serious social and psychological environment. It is determined that anti-crisis management has specific characteristics. The article studies the place of the personnel policy in the anti-crisis management system. The paper gives the valuable information on the way of improving the effectiveness of anti-crisis management, which is the implementation of the internal anti-crisis control group, and the functions of the group are the ability to anticipate crises in the future and provide everything necessary to prevent their appearance.


The flux dynamics in high-Tc, oxide superconductors is investigated by using Brownian motion theory, and the inertial effect is studied. Because of the layer structure of the superconductor, the dynamics can be described by the Brownian motion of a particle in a biased periodic potential field.


Total organic carbon (TOC) is the sum of organic matter contained in the water, and the detection of TOC can be more comprehensive assessment of the organic matter pollution degree of the water. TOC traditional detection techniques are based on chemical oxidation method, whose detection process not only is cumbersome, complex, time-consuming, but also causes the loss of chemical reagents and secondary pollution. And the oxidation detection of CO2 gas is indirectly calculating the content of total organic carbon, which is difficult to achieve real-time, on-line monitoring. In this paper, ultraviolet absorption TOC detection technology, which uses ultraviolet light as a detection light source, and uses green light as a compensation light source, is adopted to achieve the measurement of TOC concentration. The test results show that the response time of the system is less than 30s, the absolute error is less than 3%FS, and the self compensation effect of turbidity, the repeatability and linearity are all good, which meet the technical requirements of TOC online monitoring.


Abstract Arrays of domains with 1 mm spacing have been injected into GMO. The injection mechanism is explained in terms of dislocations. Wall motion has been produced by the action of a static shear stress generated by the nonlinear interaction of NPP with an acoustic field. The shear-to-shear reflection coefficient of an "a''propagating "c''polarized shear from an "a''domain wall in NPP was measured to be - 13·7 dB.


The photo-hole generation process in the smectic phases of a liquid crystalline photoconductor, 2-(4'-octylpheny)-6- dodecyoxylnaphthalene (8-PNP-012) was investigated by using steady-state and transient photocurrent measurements. It was revealed that the photo-generation of holes was governed by two different processes: Onsager type of photo-carrier generation in the bulk and electrode-enhanced hole injection induced by the charge transfer from photo-excited 8-PNP-012 molecules to the electrode interface. In the former process, for fairly high light intensity, the collected photo- generation charge was found to be approximately proportional to the square of the light intensity irrespective of the phase, suggesting the contribution of exciton-exciton interactions. And in the latter process, the photogeneration quantum yield can be one order of magnitude larger than that in the bulk generation process. We will discuss totally the photo-carrier generation process in mesophases of 8-PNP-012, in terms of exciton-exciton and exciton-electrode interactions including the effect of electrode materials and the disorder of molecular arrangement.


This article examines the effect of country size on the professionalization of politicians in six European micro-states and a large-scale democracy – Germany – since 1980. The article revisits an ongoing debate about the extent to which either country size or government size are causal factors in the individual professionalization process. Using an original dataset consisting of 6,940 parliamentary mandates – 2,809 individuals – in national parliaments, the article shows that country size is a determinant of the degree of politicians' professionalization. The article further demonstrates that political parties' gatekeeper role is the key causal mechanism explaining the influence of population size on politicians' professionalization.


Flexible PVC formulations plasticized with DOP-ESBO blends were prepared,
experimental evaluation of processing, mechanical, thermal and stability properties was carried
out. A computerized design algorithm was constructed to optimize flexible PVC formulations. The
algorithm was tested using the experimental data obtained in this study, and with the objective of
obtaining the optimal formulation for a specific application (flexible tubing for medical
application). A comparative analysis of the formulation performance, under typical load
conditions, for that specific application, was carried out using finite element simulation.


The heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is arguably the foremost advanced system put in in an exceedingly building and is liable for a considerable part of the entire building energy use. Variable refrigerant flow is varied exploitation either and discoverer controlled variable speed mechanical device , or multiple mechanical device of varied capability in response to changes within the cooling heating needed within the air conditioned space. The variable refrigerant Flow (VRF) air conditioning system as a high degree of intellectual control, with every indoor unit being able to directly start the air conditioning system, freely setting and regulating the temperature, the volume and direction of the current ,and the mode. Every indoor unit can separately control it start and close, and regulate its operations. HVAC style involves quite simply the load estimate calculation the load calculation is that the start of the repetitious HVAC style procedure. This strategy guideline discusses the data required to style the air distribution system to deliver the right quantity of conditioned air to an area. Heating and cooling masses area unit dependent upon the building location, sighting, and therefore the construction of the house, whereas the instrumentation choice and therefore the air distribution style area unit dependent upon the loads and each other. The Variable refrigerant flow systems may be a particularly good option for buildings with multiple zones or wide variance heating/cooling loads across many different internal zones. These systems provide individual control and the most versatile of the multi-split systems. Hotels, school and office buildings are good examples.


Objective To analysis the application value of card prostaglandin tromethamine combined with oxytocin for the patients with postpartum hemorrhage.Methods Patients with postpartum hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group(oxytocin and misoprostol treatment group)and observation group(card prostaglandin tromethamine combined with oxytocin treatment group).Each group had 62cases.Then the difference in efficacy and bleeding of two groups were compared.Results After 15min,30min of treatment,the amount of bleeding of observation group was less than that of the control group,and the hemostatic time was shorter than that of the control group.And the significant cure rate and total effective rate of observation group were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion Card prostaglandin tromethamine combined with oxytocin can effectively down the hemostatic time and the amount of bleeding,improve the efficacy,has a high application value the for patients with postpartum hemorrhage.


The tracking of pathogen burden and host responses with minimal-invasive methods during respiratory infections is central for monitoring disease development and guiding treatment decisions. Utilizing a standardized murine model of respiratory Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we developed and tested different supervised machine learning models to predict viral burden and immune response markers, i.e. cytokines and leukocytes in the lung, from hematological data. We performed independently in vivo infection experiments to acquire extensive data for training and testing purposes of the models. We show here that lung viral load, neutrophil counts, cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-6, and other lung infection markers can be predicted from hematological data. Furthermore, feature analysis of the models shows that blood granulocytes and platelets play a crucial role in prediction and are highly involved in the immune response against IAV. The proposed in silico tools pave the path towards improved tracking and monitoring of influenza infections and possibly other respiratory infections based on minimal-invasively obtained hematological parameters.


This paper has researched the application of air defence ship's deployment distance for formation of aircraft carrier to area air defence disposition.The model of the relation between air defence ship and aircraft carrier is builded through the quantity analysis which is based on the characteristics of ship-to-air missile's and the minimal kill zone depth which satisfies the requirement for heading off the target.Further the relation between target azimuth angle and kill zone depth and the demand of air defence are also researched.The result of the theoretic analysis and the example show that the model can be applied in air defence disposition and command decision-making of formation of fleet and air defence disposition of important place and so on.


This paper proposes an integrated technique of multilevel workflow and multilevel BOM configuration for the intractable problem on multilevel workflow and multilevel BOM configuration.The technique mainly refers to creating a mode of multilevel workflow and multilevel BOM configuration in PDM,an cooperative running model of workflow serves for BOM configuration and could effectively and harmoniously integrate multilevel workflow with multilevel BOM configuration.


The present invention provides a method for performing a point doubling operation with only one modular division and no multiply per operation. As a result, the invention reduces the number of mathematical operations needed to perform point doubling operations in elliptic curve computation. An elliptic curve cryptosystem using the present invention can be made to operate more efficiently using the present inven tion. An elliptic curve crypto-accelerator can be imple mented using the present invention to dramatically enhance the performance of the elliptic curve cryptosystem. The invention derives the slope of a curve independently of the y-coordinate. By avoiding the calculation of the y term, one additional multiply is eliminated from each point-doubling operation. Using the invention, n consecutive point dou blings can be reduced to n modular divisions and 1 multiply. This avoids the 2n multiplies of prior art approaches.


Heteroatoms (N, S, P etc.) doped carbons with metal nanoparticles have been known as excellent materials, especially electrocatalysts. The interfaces of metals, heteroatoms and carbon often work as active sites. Thus, enlarging the interfaces is so important to enhance the performance of carbon materials. In this work, we have developed a novel synthesis method of carbon materials using ion exchange resin anchoring cobalt species coordinated with 2-methylimidazole as a precursor. The resulting N doped carbon with highly dispersed cobalt species showed an excellent catalytic performance on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).


To the Editor:

Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS) was initially described in 1992 by Asherson1. The syndrome occurs in a very small proportion of patients with APS and carries significant morbidity and mortality. It is defined as acute multiorgan failure resulting from multiple, rapidly developing vascular occlusions. The main organs involved are the renal, pulmonary, and nervous systems. Other organs, including skin, heart, adrenal glands, and liver can also be affected. Rarely, CAPS is associated with bone marrow involvement and necrosis due to microvascular thrombosis2. This case details that rare relationship and the need for early identification and treatment of CAPS.

A 40-year-old Hispanic woman presented to the emergency department with 5 hours of severe lumbosacral pain. The pain developed suddenly and was aggravated by movement. She related that the pain radiated to the left lower extremity. There was no history of trauma and she found that nothing alleviated the pain. Her history was significant for chronic thrombocytopenia, menorrhagia (for which she was taking oral contraceptives), and 2 second-trimester spontaneous abortions. Examination revealed paraspinal tenderness in the lumbosacral region. Plain radiographs of lumbosacral spine demonstrated only a loss of normal lordosis.

The white blood cell count was 6200/μl, with 85% neutrophils, 11% lymphocytes, 14% monocytes, and …

Address correspondence to Dr. Y.K. Khalil, 1240 South Cedar Crest Blvd., Suite 409, Allentown, PA 18103, USA. E-mail: yasser_k.khalil{at}lvhn.org


In this era of standards-based reforms, teachers' work is increasingly conceptualised as a set of measurable outcomes, as performance to be managed, scrutinised, calibrated against expectations. In this, the dominant model, teaching is reduced to inputs, to be matched to the outputs of students' grades or levels. Politicians' demands for continuous improvement are met, within schools, by a new language of surveillance, by book-looks and learning walks, and by the imposition of 'non-negotiables' on teachers and students alike; within the academy, the same demands both feed and are fed by increasingly-positivist models of research, by fashionable talk of effect sizes and randomised control trials. In this context, it becomes ever more difficult for teachers to insert the impossibilities and incongruities of their experience into the discourses that surround them (Miller 1995). These discourses of performativity threaten to render unsayable the stories that teachers have to tell about their own practice. And yet, as the contributions to this issue demonstrate, such first-hand accounts of practice are not only possible but also powerful. These are accounts that shine a light on the rich complexities of classroom interaction, accounts that explore, with remarkable honesty, the tensions and contradictions of teachers' positioning, accounts that insist on an attentiveness to the specificities of culture and history that are revealed and enacted day by day, lesson by lesson. These accounts make visible the features of lived experience that are flattened out, marginalised or simply ignored in the language of impacts and effect sizes. They invite a reconsideration of the work that English teachers and their students do together, of the meanings that are produced collaboratively in particular sites, of the dialogic and democratic practices that continue to flourish in English classrooms. Heather Wood writes of the challenges confronting her as a newly-qualified teacher and a young woman working in an inner London boys' school and of the version of officially-sanctioned pedagogy to which she is expected to conform. She returns to an essay on 'the place of English' which she had written during her pre-service course, not to mock the naivety of the values she had explored but to take an inventory, to consider how her own practice has measured up to these principles. What emerges from her comparison of two lesson openings is a reassertion of the possibilities of English classrooms, possibilities that are founded on quite different social relations, and hence different orientations to knowledge, than those imagined by the authoritative discourses of control. Fateha Subhan Begum and Joanna Cantwell develop alternative perspectives on identity and literacy practice in urban secondary schools. Both writers are acutely aware of the 'funds of knowledge' (Moll et al. 1992) that their students already possess. Subhan Begum explores the chasm that exists between her students' out-of-school literacies and identities and their experience of schooling. Her insistence that teachers have a responsibility to find out about their students' other literacies and to make use of the cultural resources that they bring to English finds an echo in Cantwell's account of her students' remaking of Macbeth. Cantwell


PART ONE: KEY DEVELOPMENTS AND ISSUES Advances in Visual Methodology: An Introduction - Sarah Pink Visual Ethics in a Contemporary Landscape - Andrew Clark PART TWO: VISUAL PRACTICES AND VISUALING PRACTICE The Politics and Practices of Looking: CCTV Video and Domestic Kitchen Practices - Lydia Martens Video in Analytic Practice - Jon Hindmarsh and Dylan Tutt Virtual/Visual Ethnography: Methodological Crossroads at the Intersection of Visual and Internet Research - Elisenda Ardevol PART THREE: NEW VISUAL SPATIALITIES Community Mapping as Auto-Ethno-Cartography - Cristina Grasseni Visual Ethnography and the Internet: Visuality, Virtuality and the Spatial Turn - Sarah Pink Geomedia-Based Methods and Visual Research. Exploring the Theoretical Tenets of the Localization and Visualization of Mediated Social Relations with Direct Visualization Techniques - Francesco Lapenta PART FOUR: PUBLIC SCHOLARSHIP, ARTS AND VISUAL INTERVENTION Ethno-Mimesis and Participatory Arts - Maggie O'Neill Healing Mirrors: Body Arts and Ethnographic Methodologies - Christina Lammer Digital Technologies, Visual Research and the Non-Fiction Image - Roderick Coover with Pat Badani, Flavia Caviezel, Mark Marino, Nitin Sawhney, William Uricchio PART FIVE: TOWARDS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY VISUAL METHODOLOGY? An Anthropologist in the Film Archives: Interdisciplinary Approaches - Marcus Banks Visualizing Interior Worlds: Interdisciplinary Routes to Knowing - Susan Hogan and Sarah Pink Contemplating the State of Visual Research: An Assessment of Obstacles and Opportunities - Luc Pauwels


Beach changes on a pocket beach of 6.5 km length bounded by Ryugu and Unoko Points facing the Pacific Ocean in Fukushima Prefecture were investigated using the contour-line-change model. The shoreline recession and excess deposition of sand in the central and southern parts of the study area, respectively, between 1980 and the 1990s were triggered by the wave-sheltering effect due to the extension of the offshore breakwater of Hirakata fishing port south of the study area. Although artificial reefs were constructed in the eroded area of the study area as a measure against beach erosion, their protective effect was limited because the wave-sheltering effect of the offshore breakwater of the fishing port is much larger than that of the artificial reefs.


The theoretical formulation for scattering by a semi-infinite medium containing closely spaced, parallel fibers at oblique incidence is presented in this article. The fibers can be either coated or uncoated, and their diameters are comparable to the wavelength of the incident radiation and spacing between the fibers. The radiative propagation characteristics, which include the propagation constant and amplitude of the effective wave in the medium, are derived by a rigorous solution of Maxwell's relations by accounting for the multiple dependent scattering effects. Formulas are also developed for the coherent and incoherent scattered intensities. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the scattering behavior of dense fibrous media containing alumina-coated silica fibers and Rayleigh limit silica fibers.


Aim: To know the efficacy of only conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite in treatment of pediculosis palpebrarum. Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with pediculosis palpebrarum underwent health education on personal hygiene, avoid overcrowding, counseling and psychotherapy. Deparasitisation of associated axillary and pubic area with Permethrin 1% cream application two courses at weeks gap. Washing clothes and linen in hot water. Face wash with shampoo lotion and simultaneously rubbing of the eye for 1-2 minutes thrice daily. Topically Antibiotic steroid drops and ointment thrice daily for 6 weeks. No manual removal of adult parasite, epilation or trimming of the eye lashes was done. Results: The mean age of patient is 19.5 +/13.4 years. Male: Female ratio was 10:7. Mean duration of symptom is 13.+/-6.6 weeks. Commonest presentation was itching in all patients. 82.3% (14/17) patients had bilateral involvement of both upper and lower lids with associated pubic and axillary area infestation. By 1st week all had resolution of symptoms and on 3rd week 82.3% (14/17) free from infestation. (3 dropout) only discomfort was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment. Conclusion: Conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite is equally effective in treating pediculosis palpebrarum. Acceptable to children, anxious and non cooperative patients. It wiil avoid the discomfort to patients, complications of sedation and local side effects of topical parasiticidal agents. Only side effect was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


In this work we studied the water quality parameters from the Yaqui Valley aquifer, Sonora (Mexico), and identified water quality risk indices (IR) for agricultural use. The index was calculated with average values of the risk indices associated to water quality (IRagua), the salinity tolerance of crops (IRbiologico), soil characteristics (IRsuelo) and a climate index (IRclimatico). To determine IRagua, we studied the chemical composition and spatial distribution of 226 water samples. 164 of the selected samples for analyses evidenced an error of ionic balance less than or equal to 5%. The variables studied were pH, EC, the concentration of sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4=), carbonate (CO3=) and bicarbonate (HCO3-), as well as the actual salinity (SE), potential salinity (SP), residual sodium carbonate (CSR), permeability index (PI), exchangeable sodium percentage (PSI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), SARcorrected, RAS adjusted, and RASadjusted by the ratio HCO3/Ca; common schemes of water classification were applied. To calculate IRbiologico, we validated in laboratory the relative tolerance criteria published in literature. To determine IRsuelo, we assessed the texture, electrical and hydraulic conductivity, as well as the ability to retain water in the soil and its spatial distribution. IRclimatico was determined according to the aridity index 'precipitation/potential evapotranspiration' (ppn/ETP), on annual and monthly basis. To determine the sub-indices and the overall index, we established ranks for low, moderate and severe risk (values of 1, 2 or 3, respectively).
The average value of EC water was 2.06 dS m-1, SAR = 3.91, RAScorrected = 4.44, RASadjusted = 8.82, RAScorrected HCO3/Ca = 4.38, the concentration of Na+, Ca++, Mg++, SO4 =, HCO3 – and Cl-, was 8.5, 7.69, 5.08, 4.57, 3.30 and 12.5 meq L-1, respectively. On the other hand, SE = 14.8, SP = 14.7, CSR = 0.57, IP = 53.7, ISP = 5.83, and PSP = 42.2. For its IS 54.27% of the extracted water wells and conditional 41.46% of poor quality, its values for SP were 21.95 and 56.71%. According to Richards (1954) 43.3% of the wells extract highly saline water (C3) and FAO (Ayers and Westcot, 1985), 75.61% of the extracted water wells with a restriction on the use of light to moderate. For its EC, all agreed on the criteria used to classify water as conditional and with moderate use restriction. For the CSR, 85.9% of the samples were of good quality water, whereas the PSP, 68.3% did not exceed the value of 50, the threshold that water can return to a sodium soil. For Richards, 62% of the wells draws water with a RAS classified as S1, ie water low in sodium, diagnosis coincided with FAO (Ayers and Westcot, 1985), as the 76.83% of the wells failed to provide any restriction. For an estimated IP=65.85% of the extracted water, Class I does not hold a risk of sodification. The previous criterion coincided with that of Wilcox, where 41.47% of the wells draw water from excellent to acceptable. Accordingly, the water has a low risk of soil sodification and cause problems in the infiltration of water. There was a high correlation between the value of RAS and RASaj (r = 0.952), RASaj/2 (r = 0.935), RASCa++ (r = 0.96) and PSP (r = 0.75), and between the EC and SE (r = 0.949), PS (r = 0.982), Cl- (r = 0.958), Ca++ (r = 0.907), Mg++ (r = 0.894), SO4 (r = 0.677), Na (r = 0.571) and CSR (r = -0.895). The Cl-Ca correlated (r = 0.849) and Mg (r = 0.819); Ca SO4 (r = 0,721) and Mg (r = 0.72), Ca with Mg (r = 0.868); CSR PSP (r = 0.658), IP (r = 0.747), S (r = -0.791), PS (r = -0.90); and SE with SP (r = 0.961). It was determined that it is feasible to estimate some variables and rank the water more easily. For its EC, the water has an index of risk of moderate to severe (2.1) and RAS low to moderate (1.2).
The relative tolerance of barley was evaluated>triticale>wheat>corn, which indicates that the criteria in this work are valid according to FAO (Ayers y Westcot, 1985). Wheat germinated when EC of extracted water from saturated soil was 3.0 dS m-1 and 13.15 dS m-1, triticale did not germinate at EC values of 4.0 in water and 16.85 dS m-1 soil, while barley germinated under all conditions of salinity evaluated. In the case of corn, the relative performance of the first cycle was characterized by the function y = 9.1289x-+ 97,407 (R2 = 0.9065), while the second one was y = -14.673x + 90.035 (R2 = 0.8175). The initial salinity of the soil was very important, because when this is a pre-existing condition radically altered the potential return of reference. The risk weighted index for this characteristic was 2.1, the same as that used for the classification of water by its salinity, which represents a moderate risk, being not suitable for sensitive crops. It can be used for crops moderately sensitive to moderately tolerant depending on the species.
The correlation coefficients between the hydraulic conductivity and textural characteristics were 0.455 for the sand-silt and 0.219 to 0,349 for clay. The average content of clay was 54.5% with a standard deviation of 7.3%. According to texture, soil were considered a risk index severe or equal to 3, as they are Vertisol and Xerosol types; both soils are characterized by their high content of clay with a high risk of salinity build up. With regard to the EC of the soil, for determining the risk index was considered an EC less than or equal to 1.0 dS m-1 has no risk of 1.01 to 6.0 is a moderate risk depending on the crop, while soils values greater than 6.0 dS m-1 will have a severe risk for most crops. The weighted average for this feature was 1.66, a 60.2% of the samples had an EC between 1.01 and 6.0 dS m-1, 38% less than or equal to 1.0 dS m-1 and 2.9% higher to 6.0 dS m-1.
The annual rate of aridity was 0.118, which is a typical characteristic of an arid zone, however January, March, April, May, June, November and December are considered hyper-arid months (<0.05), October and July aggregates (0.05 - <0.20 ), February and August semiarid (0.20 - <0.50) and September dry sub-humid (0.50 - <0.65). To establish the risk rates, it was considered that the values of aridity index higher than 1.0 (where there is a surplus of water) have a risk index equal to 1.0, values between 0.5 and 1.0 a risk index of smaller values and 2 to 0.5 (ppn / ETP) a risk index of 3. According to this criterion, in any grading period of aridity annual rate was less than 0.5 bringing the corresponding risk index was 3.0 (severe risk index). The highest rainfall was recorded in September 2003 and was 152.9 mm in one of the stations, the average was 78.5 mm, 54.2 mm rainfall maximum daily and the average daily maximum was 31.8 mm. The average water-holding capacity was 119 mm, at the 0 to 30 cm depth, much higher than the average maximum. The holding capacity minimum was 51 mm, which indicates that the probability of lixiviation of salts is very low, and suggests a low value of effective precipitation at the soil layer from 0 to 60 cm. This is an indicator of severe climatic risk (worth 3) which represents the use of water of poor quality. The index of overall risk was 2.27, indicating that the water has an index of risk of moderate to severe, defined primarily by the content of clay soils and the aridity index of the region, circumstances that in the majority of cases are not taken into account when classifying water for agricultural use.


Recently, several studies have applied the Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) method on detection transformers to improve their cross-domain detection performance. However, the majority of them directly apply adversarial alignment on expatiatory token sequences, which will introduce too much background information and disturb the alignment process. To tackle the problem, we propose a domain adaption method focused on the detection transformer named selective and representative sequence feature alignment (SR-SFA). Specifically, our SR-SFA contains two modules: self-guided weight map generation module (SWG) and classification-guided domain query generation module (CQG). The SWG module takes full advantage of transformer detection capability to locate the foreground parts of the token sequences for local alignment. The other CQG module introduces an image-level multi-label classification task as an auxiliary task to capture the representative information of the whole image for global level alignment. Therefore, more effective feature alignment is performed in a local and global fashion. Experiments on two adaptation scenarios demonstrate our method gets better performance compared with other approaches.


Coordination networks or Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid organic–inorganic crystalline architectures that, depending on their composition and organization, may display tailored properties. The aim of this PhD work was to synthesize heterometallic coordination networks based on chiral luminescent Iridium(III) complexes. On the one hand, the synthesis of cationic bis-cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes, both as racemate and as enantiopure species, was achieved. These complexes display red emission upon excitation in the visible domain. Formation of coordination networks using the prepared cationic metallatectons was studied. Notably, a luminescent enantiopure 1D coordination network was obtained upon self-assembly of one of the enantiopure cationic metallatectons with Cd(II) salts. On the other hand, synthesis of racemic neutral tris-cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes was also optimized and their photophysical properties studied. Different coordination networks have been also generated and studied.


This article provides a brief analysis of the aspects of modern information culture. The most promising initiatives and trends for the development of the educational environment of higher education are presented. The problems of the information model implementation in the world systems of higher education and the universal factors of influence on its effectiveness are considered.


The present application relates to photoprotective cosmetic compositions containing at least one metal oxide nanopigment and an acrylic terpolymer, as well as to the use of these compositions to protect the skin, the hair, the eyelashes, the eyebrows or mucous membranes against ultraviolet radiation. The acrylic terpolymer comprises: a) about 20 to 70% by weight of a carboxylic acid containing alpha , beta -monoethylenic unsaturation, b) about 20 to 80% by weight of a non-surfactant monomer containing monoethylenic unsaturation, which is different from a), and c) about 0.5 to 60% by weight of a nonionic urethane monomer which is the product of reaction of a monohydric nonionic surfactant with a monoisocyanate containing monoethylenic unsaturation. The metal oxide nanopigments are chosen in particular from coated or uncoated titanium, cerium, zirconium, iron and zinc oxide nanopigments, or mixtures thereof, and have an elementary particle size of greater than 5 nm and less than 100 nm.


The swiss chards is part of the green vegetables. It is a less spread vegetable in Romania, being cultivated for its leaves and its stalks. The stalks and the leaves contain a series of vitamins and minerals very useful for the human body. The stage fertilization of the culture has got a direct influence upon the production as well as upon its quality.


How to correctly make medical certificates? Avoid pitfalls!

Making medical certificates is an important part of the administrative work of physicians. A medical certificate is based on a physician's examination to establish that a patient can obtain a benefit or does not need to fulfil an obligation. Deontologically, a physician draws up this certificate truthfully, objectively, carefully and discreetly. Since certificates are intended for third parties, it is important to take patient-physician confidentiality into account, as well as the GDPR privacy regulation (General Data Protection Regulation). The date of editing is stated on the certificate, possibly another date can be stated retrospectively while taking into account the obligatory or optional communication with another physician with an extra-curative assignment. When a certificate is purely based on a patient's statement, this is referred to as a 'dixit certificate'. To limit the impact of (long-term) absence certificates, it is important to enter into a dialogue with the patient about the length of the absence. Closer cooperation with a physician of a student guidance centre (SGC) or an occupational physician can lead to an adjustment of the learning and working conditions of the person concerned. Insurance certificates may only state the current state of health. When in doubt, a physician specialized in insurance medicine can be asked for advice.


"The Soldier, the State, and the People—Costs and Benefits of Military Regimes": Evaluating the Essay "Guns and Butter: Child Mortality and the Mediators of Militarization" raises several concerns about the theory and analyses in our article. We address what we see as the three most important: (1) the necessity of both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the study of militarization; (2) correlational versus causal analysis; and (3) the value of Huntington's analysis of praetorian militarization. We have varying levels of agreement.


The 5'→3' exoribonucleases (XRNs) have important functions in transcription, RNA metabolism, and RNA interference. The recent structure of Rat1 (Xrn2) showed that the two highly conserved regions of XRNs form a single, large domain, defining the active site of the enzyme. Xrn1 has a 510-residue segment following the conserved regions that is required for activity but is absent in Rat1. We report here the crystal structures at 2.9 Å resolution of Kluyveromyces lactis Xrn1 (residues 1-1245, E178Q mutant), alone and in complex with a Mn2+ ion in the active site. Mn2+ is directly coordinated by three acidic residues, Asp206, Asp208 and Asp291. The 510-residue segment contains four domains (D1-D4), which are located far from the active site. Our mutagenesis and biochemical studies demonstrate that their functional importance is due to their stabilization of the conformation of the N-terminal segment of Xrn1. These domains may also constitute a platform for interacting with protein partners of Xrn1. Three of the domains (D1, D2 and D4) share the same backbone fold as chromo and tudor domains, but are unlikely to bind methylated lysine.


This chapter focuses on the question whether domestic military criminal law systems, i.e., the Dutch military criminal law system (DMCL), can accommodate international military developments and operations. lllustrative for these developments is the judgment of May 4, 2005, of the Military Appellate Court of the Netherlands in the case of Eric 0., a sergeant-major of the Royal Netherlands Marines Corps, who was charged with the alleged violation of the British rules of engagement (ROE) during the international stabilization operation in South-Iraq on December 27, 2003, and then acquitted. The importance of this case for the future of military criminal liability for international operations is twofold : firstly, this case reveals the relevance of the legal interaction between national and international criminal law; secondly, it may be of assistance in determining a more uniform model of judicial review to assess military criminal liability during international missions'.Keywords: criminal liability; Dutch military criminal law system (DMCL); international crisis management operations; military developments


When Sadao Watanabe became a Christian as a young man, he decided to devote his artistic talents to making Christ known to the Japanese people. "I owe my life to Christ and the gospel," Watanabe explained. "My way of expressing my gratitude is to witness to my faith through the medium of biblical scenes. I want to use my ideas and talents for the glory of God." Although his technique is derived from a Japanese school of folk art and his figures are similar to early Christian icons, Watanabe's portrayal of biblical scenes is unique.


Islanding detection is an important field of PMU usage. Avoiding unintentional islanding is often the main concern for distributed generation sources. It creates serious consequences for the power system and it can cause Health and Safety hazards for the personnel. In this work islanding detection method based on monitoring of synchrophasor is proposed and evaluated in laboratory tests. Passive and passive-communication based methods were implemented. A novel approach based on a characteristic shape observation was proposed. Conducted laboratory experiments proved that PMUs can be successfully used as a monitoring device for control purposes in islanding detection.


A comparative, fully parallel study of nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity by in vitro cell viability is shown looking for reliable comparability of nanotoxicological results, a well-recognized bottleneck in the context. This procedure is suitable to compare toxicity of similar NPs, as well as the influence on toxicity of the size, surface, and other characteristics. As a case of study, semiconductor (SQDs) and graphitic-carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with identical surface groups and size were evaluated. All experiments were conducted at same conditions, involving two types of cells (mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1) and carcinoma human hepatocellular cells (HepG2)) and different extracellular components (in the absence or presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS)). Cell viability demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of CQDs compared to SQDs, which caused higher percentage of cell death at lower concentrations, as predicted but never clearly demonstrated. However, our comparative studies established that the toxicity of SQDs and CQDs are cellular type-dependent, and the absence or presence of serum proteins reduces the minimal concentration necessary of NPs to produce toxicity.


Decoration of transition metal Ni nanoparticles (NPs) on magnetic supports is of special interest for histine-rich protein adsorption. Through a combination of a hydrothermal reaction, a mussel-inspired coating and a carbonization strategy, we have investigated two synthetic paths to access hierarchical nickel-based magnetic nanostructures: (1) Fe3O4 spheres are covered with hierarchical NiMoO4 nanosheets and subsequently coated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer, and Fe3O4@MoO2∩C–Ni composites are synthesized after pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere, and (2) Fe3O4 spheres are coated with PDA and subsequently covered with hierarchical NiMoO4 nanosheets, and then Fe3O4@C∩MoO2–Ni composites are obtained after pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. We find that only route 1, which can be defined as a space-confined carbonization strategy, results in the formation of a high coverage of nickel NPs with tiny diameter decorated on Fe3O4 spheres. Route 2, defined as a non-space-confined carbonization strategy, leads to the formation of low density and large size Ni NPs. Detailed examination of the nickel-based magnetic composites obtained by route 1 displayed superior adsorption capacity for BHb than that of route 2. The results demonstrated that the space-confined strategy is greatly beneficial for the synthesis of Ni-based magnetic composites with high coverage, which would pave a novel way for synthesizing high density Ni-based magnetic composites.


Welcome to Visor a guided tour of the Visor getting set up with your PC getting set up with your Macintosh getting information in and out of your Visor working with Palm desktop for Windows working with Palm desktop for Macintosh Date Book+ address list to do list memo pad expense the rest of the team going on a trip infrared, remote, and network HotSyncs the handspring modem the memory and backup modules reference and E-Book modules connectivity modules voice and music modules miscellaneous modules the portable office HackMaster and other utilities time and money management playing games graffiti alternatives E-books, images, and other electronic documents creativity software - paint, compose and organize hardware alternatives dealing with a problematic Visor dealing with a problematic computer.


Low-frequency elastic and anelastic properties of the ceramic PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 were investigated by the inverted torsion pendulum in the temperature ranges including the Curie and Neel temperatures. Correlation between elastic and dielectric properties was found to take place within the diffuse ferroelectric phase transition. The shear modulus and the internal friction anomalies observed in the vicinity of TN are due to magnetostriction connection between a strain and magnetic spin ordering.


While T.b rhodesiense continues to spread from its traditional focus in the South and East, cases of T.b gambiense continue to be recorded in north-western Uganda in the West Nile Region. Of particular worry is that these foci are currently separated by fewer than 150 kilometers, much of which is inhabited by tsetse flies.1 Starkly contrasting with previous ambitious unsuccessful top-down, continent-wide eradication campaigns, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT ) control has now shifted from governmental to the individual level. In light of this imminent threat, the centre should remain sufficiently empowered to ensure provision of adequate technical expertise, as well as monitoring and evaluation. A literature review on HAT control activities in Uganda allowed for the identification of research gaps.


In numerous articles, interviews, and reviews, the late twentieth-century author Kathy Acker is described as a punk writer. This article explores the sources for Acker's image as a punk writer: her autobiographical narratives, mode of self-presentation, and the role the publishing and media industries played in this authorial fashioning. I argue that Acker's image is a unique suturing of the identities and ideologies of the punk and the feminist.


The negative surface charge of red blood cell ghosts and their anodal electrophoretic migration are largely due to their sialic acid moiety. The RBC of patients with Tay—Sachs disease are thought to contain increased amounts of sialic acid. Electrophoretic mobility and ganglioside content of RBC ghosts were compared in four patients with Tay—Sachs disease and eight normal controls. There was no measurable difference in electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate or acrylamide gel. The sialic acid content of lyophilized RBC ghosts was about the same for samples from both patients and controls. The nonionic detergent, Triton X-100, interacts with the ghost glycolipoprotein, causing a reversal of migration, both on cellulose acetate and moving-boundary electrophoresis. Acrylamide gel, by its sieving effect, disrupts the complex, which then migrates anodally again.


Here at our spring faculty conference we are being asked to engage in a discourse about controversial issues of teaching in a post 9-11 climate.' For many nonwhites associated with the academy, a crucial issue of course is white belligerence. As I have defined it, belligerence involves both a normative understanding in international relations whereby an aggressor state is engaged in some form or act of hostility (for example, war, declared or otherwise) and an individual personality trait. For the purposes of this discussion, these two understandings are racialized, that is, individuals or institutions responding to racially coded messages that cleave whites and nonwhites along what W. E. B. DuBois termed the "Color Line," or the relations of nonwhites to whites. White belligerency is not new, however; it exists in a ubiquitous low to midlevel state. As nonwhite experiences reveal and the white historical record distinctly shows, there has been an ongoing controversy over a whole host of issues within the academy that involve the Color Line, like a racially separate but unequal education or affirmative action. Even in the twenty-first century, Vine Deloria Jr. maintains that "racism begins in the universities and to blame the common man for what intellectuals think or fantasize about is almost obscene. Think of all the things that people have said about Indians and you will find they emerged first in academia."2 Though Deloria's charge against the academy is recent, it was being echoed by hundreds of other racial and national communities throughout the United States, especially in the late 196os; and, in response, the academy opened its doors to the general public more than it had previously. Consequently, with the increase of both nonwhite students and


In this paper, based on impedance superposition algorithm, we propose a miniaturized and efficient holographic impedance surface that generates biorthogonal circularly polarized OAM beams. By means of a circular anisotropic element with a cross slit and the derived holographic impedance tensor impedance modulation formula, a holographic impedance surface capable of generating biorthogonal circular-polarized OAM beams along $\theta=\mathbf{3 0}, \varphi=0^{\circ}$ and $\theta=30^{\circ}, \varphi=180^{\circ}$ at 14. $6\mathbf{GHz}$ is designed. The results show that the designed holographic impedance surface can stably generate biorthogonal circular-polarized OAM beams with an aperture efficiency of 25.5%. Compared with other OAM-generating holographic impedance surfaces, it has the advantages of miniaturization and high efficiency, which provides a reference for wireless communication of multiplex and multitarget radar detection.


Artificial neural networks (ANN) has been proven to be able to predict the compressive strength and elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) made with recycled aggregates (RAs) from different sources. However, ANN is itself like a black box and the output from the model cannot generate an exact mathematical model that can be used for detailed analysis. So in this study, sensitivity analysis is conducted to further examine the influence of each selected factor on the output value of the models. This is not only conducive to the determination and selection of the more important factors affecting the results, but also can provide guidance for researchers in adjusting mix proportions appropriately when designing RAC based on the variation of these factors.


This paper focuses on improving the solving performance of steady-state preventive security-constrained optimal power flow problem in large-scale power systems, which introduces compensation method to the established simplified model for deriving system state under post-contingency, in the end, interior point method is adopted to solve this optimization problem. This approach brings two benefits compared with benchmark PSCOPF algorithm: it reduces the computer memory occupation and greatly speed up the solving process thinks to the less iteration and the fast calculation in each iteration. It is illustrated can fast obtain the operation model which meets the N-1 secure criterion to prevent post-contingency constrained violations on several test systems.


The article explains the necessity of the industrialization of higher education after China's en-tering WTO,points out that we should make definite the duty and rights of school,student and govern-ment in the progress of industrialization of higher education,that is,schools have the rights of enrollment and charge,students have the rights of choosing related school and speciality,government should imple-ment macro-adjustment and control,use economic leverage to adjust social fair and put higher schools in-to the international market plannly.


A successful exchange model provides a simple and intuitive front-end shopping experience for eligible consumers, a support module to promote broker and navigator usage, and a robust back-end system to integrate with issuers, state and federal agency systems. States must examine the following four important criteria: • Implementation cost. • Solution flexibility and interoperability. • Speed to market. • Overall implementation effort required.


We reported a 19 year old man who experienced an unusual asphyxial death caused by cement aspiration. He was a constructional worker who worked on the 3rd floor while the building was collapsing to the ground. He fell down to the cement box with constructional material lJiling up over his body. He could not make any movement and found dead later. From autopsy, the large number of cement covered his body and there were no injury of internal organs. He was asphyxiated to death by aspiration large amount of cement throughout the entire respiratory tract.


Results of the suspended sediment concentration study in the coastal zone on the basis of field and laboratory experiments are analyzed. Data from field experiments, performed in the coastal zone of the North, Mediterranean and Black seas, are used. The laboratory researches were fulfilled in the Big Wave Channel of the Hannover University. It is shown that to increase the accuracy of measurement it is necessary to take into account the convective mechanism of the sediment suspension, as well as the size, the direction of the rotation axis and other parameters of the turbulent vortices transporting sand sediments. The presented information will help to improve the quality of field data collection.


Background: The morphological features of the cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8), their dimensions, and their anatomical relations with the vertebral artery are important for safe spinal surgery. The aim of the present study is to give detailed morphological data of the region to avoid complications. Methods: Five formalin-fixed adult cadavers were studied. The cervical spinal nerves and the vertebral artery were exposed via the posterior approach, and detailed anatomy and morphometric measurements were evaluated. The following measurements were documented: angles between the spinal nerve and the spinal cord of C1 to C8, width of the C1 to C8 spinal nerves at their origin, distance of the spinal cord to the vertebral artery, number of dorsal rootlets, length of the dorsal root entry zone of C1 to C8, and distance between respective spinal nerves. Further, the average length and width of the transverse foramen were measured. Results: The average angle between the spinal cord and the spinal nerve within the vertebral canal ranged between 54 and 87 degrees and were most acute at C5 (54 degrees) compared to the rest of the cervical spinal nerves. The average width of the spinal nerves (mean 6 SD), was thickest at C5 (5.7 6 1.2 mm) and C6 (5.8 6 0.7 mm). The average largest distance between the vertebral artery and the spinal cord was at C2 (14.3 6 1.7 mm) and the smallest at C5 (7.3 6 0.9 mm) and C6 (7.3 6 2.2 mm) spinal levels. The number of dorsal rootlets was most numerous at C6 (8.25 6 0.6) and C7 (7.25 6 0.9). The dorsal root entry zone length was the largest at C5 (13.0 6 1.6 mm) and C6 (13.75 6 0.5 mm). The distance between respective spinal nerves was largest between C2 and C3 (11.8 6 2.2) and C7 and C8 (11.5 6 0.6). Conclusion: The knowledge of detailed anatomy of the cervical spine (C1-C8) and its relations with the vertebral artery will reduce the unwanted damage to the vital structures of the region.


Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) of maize is a major foliar disease in Himalayan region of India. It is caused by Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. (Exserohilum turcicum Pass. Leonard and Suggs, Drechslera turcica Pass. Subramanian and Jain). The perfect stage of the fungus is Setosphaeria turcica (Luttrell, Leonard & Suggs). The disease is considered to be the most devastating as it appears in a sizeable form in Himalayan region, Karnataka and some other parts of the country. The disease can reduce the grain yield of maize by 2891 percent(l, 5). Because of fundamental relationship between photosynthesis and yield, there is considerable interest to study the photosynthesis in relation to the incidence of E. turcicum in maize. Moreover, to date studies related to photosynthetic loss due to TLB has not been reported especially in hills. Therefore, it was considered worth while to estimate the photosynthetic loss caused by the disease.


The General Assembly of the Union at the Madrid meeting in 1924 and at Prague in 1927 adopted certain resolutions with reference to the preparation of daily weather-charts of the Northern Hemisphere. Inasmuch as the subject will doubtless come up for action at the Stockholm meeting, a review of previous action may be helpful.


With the rapid development of comput er network and communications technology,especially the popularity an d appli-cation of Internet,dramatic change s have taken place in the social economy areas.As an inevitable outcome of net-work economy,a revolution in electr onic commerce is beginning in econom ic areas.Facing its surging tide as o ne part of social and economic environm ent,enterprises concerned should t ake strategic measures in facing the chal-lenge because electronic commerce will on the one hand inevitably penetr ate all courses of enterprise manage ment and on the other change the enterpris e operation,and as a result call for t heir creation.


For correction of Abbe error in involute gear measurement, a laser interferometric measuring system is applied, in this system, the laser beam is split into two paths, one path is arranged tangent to the base circle of gear for measurement of profile, another path is arranged parallel to the gear axis for measurement of helix, two cube-corner reflectors are attached at the end of probe stylus closing to the tip, by this approach, the length offset between probe tip and reference scale is minimized , finally, the Abbe error is decreased. On another hand, the laser measuring error is caused by bending of stylus, the mathematic relationship between amount of bending and probe deflection is deduced. To determine the parameters in this mathematic relationship, two sizes of stylus are used for experiments. Experiments are carried out in a range of ±0.8mm for probe deflection. Results show that the amount of stylus bending is linear with deflection of probe, the laser measuring error caused by stylus bending will be smaller than 0.3μm after correction.


Competitive effects and responses to neighbours were examined by growing plants of three species (Achillea millefolium, Dactylis glomerata and Vicia cracca) singly and in intra- and interspecific pairs at low and at moderate substrate fertility. The effects of neighbours were distinguished from the effects of a reduction in available space by growing plants across a range of pot sizes. Focal plants were affected by a simple reduction in available space differently than by the presence of competing neighbours (...)


In my paper "Iteated logarithm results for rapidly growing random walk" (statistics 19(1988)1, 107–115) there appeared a number of typographical errors which may lead to fairunderstandings. The readers are requested to correct the paper by the following replacements: p.107, second line from below ; p.109, property (i) ; in theorem 1.2 ;p.110, end of line ; p.111, second line ; p.114, line 12 . Let Sn be the sum of nonnegative and nondegenerate i.i.d. random variables with a distribution having slowly varying tails. Results of TEICHEB suggest to call this random walk rapidly growing. In this paper the almost sure behaviour of Sn is considered. The results are of the form a.s. or a.s for appropriate constants bn