This contribution is inspired by a passage of Hugh of Saint Victor, an Augustinian Church Father who lived in the 12th century in the Parisian monastery of Saint Victor. In his Sermo XI – De spirituali sanitate (Sermon XI – The soul's health), Hugh described the sinner by a metaphor that could have been taken from the nursing environment: 'Sed quis est iste infirmus? Genus humanum, in cujus voce ista dicuntur infirmum: per peccatum originale et per multa acualia erat, et medicum quærebat. Venit medicus, et sanatus est ægrotus. Duodecim autem sunt quae de sanatione humani generis nobis exponere proposuimus. Ægrotus, medicus, vulnera, medicina, vasa, antidota, diæta, dispensatores, locus, tempus, sanitates, gaudia de ipsis sanitatibus recuperatis' (reported in Migne, 1854a). For the purpose of this article, it is relevant how Ivan Illich (1993) translated the second part of that passage in his In the Vineyard of the Text. A Commentary to Hugh's Didascalicon. It is as follows: 'We want to speak about twelve things which have to do with healing humankind. There are the sick person, the doctor, wounds, medicine, instruments, antidotes, diet, nurses, place, time, health and the rejoicing which follows on the recuperation of health' (Illich, 1993, p. 11). In Hugh's words, nurses were called dispensatores and they parallel priests who administer the holy sacraments and admirably give the divine grace according to the supreme giver's mysterious order. Therefore, nurses are subject to the great doctor, which is God metaphorically speaking, and have to use instruments and medicine according to his will. The image offers an interpretative key to the nursing role of dispensator that is unusual if compared with the more humble and servile role of infirmarius: 'his task of administering remedies requires higher competence and knowledge than simple generic care'. Nowadays, it is possible to find traces of this word in the verb 'to dispense' that is still used with the meaning of 'to administer medicine'. In today's world, this applies to pharmacists and pharmacy assistants as well as to nurses. Hugh of Saint Victor certainly cannot be considered as one of the most famous historical figures, even if he is well known among scholars of medieval history, literature, philosophy, and Latin patrology (i.e. the collection of writings of the early Church Fathers and any Church writers in Latin language). It is known that he was born in Saxony around the end of the 11th century, and after becoming a regular Augustinian canon he spent the majority of his life studying, meditating, and teaching in the Parisian monastery of Saint Victor, where he died in 1141 (Liccaro, 1987). Ivan Illich (1926–2002), Medical Nemesis's author, a self-proclaimed itinerant philosopher, and a keen and provocative observer of social phenomena, brought Hugh back to public attention with two books: Ivan Illich in Conversation (Cayley, 1992), and the above-mentioned In the Vineyard of the Text. A Commentary to Hugh's Didascalicon (Illich, 1993). The first book is a long interview given to David Cayley in which Illich discoursed about Hugh, whereas the second one is an excellent essay on Hugh's main work, the Didascalicon. Illich's interest in Hugh of Saint Victor was motivated by singular literary, historical and social reasons and purposes. Illich's versatile personality and his ability to move in the interstices of very different disciplines add depth and breadth to his many writings. His intellectual tension and prodigious argumentative skills brought him to face and collide with ideologies, such as compulsory mass schooling, medical progress, work Translated by Mimma Scardino. D ia lo gu e


Introduction: Population pharmacokinetics (PPK) is the study of this variability, its source and magnitude in populations. This information is used to design dosage regimens that account for individual patient characteristics. Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a non-linear mixed-effects analysis of the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone, indicated for treating diabetes and to study the effect of covariates such as age, body surface area and creatinine clearance on the PPK of pioglitazone in South Indian diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A simple, rapid, and sensitive isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet method for detection and quantification of pioglitazone in plasma had been developed. Intra- and inter-assay variations were <1 and <2% respectively. Recovery of pioglitazone was 98-99%. A total of 137 blood samples for pioglitazone plasma concentration measurements following a single 15 mg dose of pioglitazone were obtained from 43 subjects having age in between 18 and 75 years. The PPK model was built using NONMEM 7.2.0. The first-order (FO) and first-order conditional estimation (FOCE) method was used to estimate base and covariate models for pioglitazone. Results: One-compartment model with FO absorption and elimination (ADVAN 2 TRANS 2) was best-fit to the plasma concentration-time data of pioglitazone. A combined error model was best-described the pattern of residual and between subject variability. The final model estimates of clearance (CL) and volume (V) estimated by FOCE method were 3.4 lt/hr and 43 L. Discussion: There were no past reports on PPK of pioglitazone. With covariate models, a significant decrease was observed in object function value, between and within subject variability when compared with base model. The model found to best describe the data following the FOCE method was: CL=CL=θ1*EXP ([η1] and V=θ2*EXP [η2]). These parameters are utilized for individualizing the loading and maintenance doses in diabetic patients. No factor was found as informative covariate of pioglitazone. Conclusion: In order to minimize the variability associated with drug exposure in Indian diabetic patients, the population parameter estimates were given without influence of covariates. Keywords: Covariate, Creatinine clearance, NONMEM, Pioglitazone, Residual variability.


Extended diary of Bennett's service with the Scottish Women's Hospitals Unit serving with the Royal Serbian Army.
Quantity: 1 folder(s) (6 volumes).
Physical Description: Mss
Processing information: Digitisation details - Part of the WW100 digitisation project


A device for the metered administration, particularly infusion of a drug LIQUIDO shows a tank (1) from which the drug liquid is displaced only remove a cap (2) an outlet (4) to be administered OF dosage form, and a catheter (8) connected to the output (4) of the tank (1), the FRONT END opposite the outlet (4) is connected or can be connected to a NEEDLE ADMINISTRATOR (9). Between the output (4) NEEDLE AND ADMINISTRATOR (9) is arranged in the cross section of MEDICATED FLUID FLOW valve (30). TO AVOID DRAINING, this valve (30) only allows a liquid passage ON THE FRONT END OF THE CATHETER (8) when the fluid pressure acting on this direction is greater than the pressure CHARGED ON THE VALVE (30) A RESULT OF OWN WEIGHT liquid column on the device.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery having enhanced safety and high energy density, provide its manufacturing method, and provide a lithium secondary battery. SOLUTION: The surface of the positive electrode 3 formed by supporting mixture containing positive electrode active material, conductive material, and a binding agent on a collector is coated by at least one kind of ion penetrating resin 4 selected among resins of load deflection temperature of 100 deg.C or more measured at 18.6 kg/cm load time based on JIS K 7207.


Integrated band strengths for rovibrational absorption in the frequency range of the CF-chromophore (800 to 1300 cm−1) have been obtained from vapour phase IR-spectra of twelve fluoroalkanes containing one or more CF groups. It is found that the chromophore band strength is about 1.7 (pm)2 for each CF group with some minor variations due to neighbouring substituents at the CF carbon atom. These variations can be accounted for by a simple, empirical equation. The results are discussed in relation to the chromophore principle in IR-photochemistry. The frequency distribution of the chromophore absorption for primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl fluorides is considered. The primary CF-chromophore (R - CH2 - F) is suggested to be a particularly useful general chromophore for CO2-laser pumping. The foundations of the group additivity for chromophore band strengths and some further applications are discussed as well.


The COVID-19 pandemic has made a major impact on society and several sectors, including changes in household energy usage. The pandemic brings together changes and negative impacts that should be followed closely for the energy sector. The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on electrical energy usage habits in Turkey through systematic methods that are adopted in different countries like the US, India, Europe, China, Canada, and Japan. Based on the analysis, residential load management flexibilities are investigated considering the pandemic impacts. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on electricity consumption in the energy sector in Turkey is extensively investigated for the first time. The study is of importance also for future pandemics or other conditions such as extreme wind and snow storms that temporarily lead to living and working from home.


Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, is an important disease of wheat in Australia (McIntosh et. al. 1995). The disease has been present in Australia since 1979 but was not detected in Western Australia until 2002 (Wellings et. al. 2003). Consequently there had been comparatively little prior selection of Western Australian wheat breeding germplasm for resistance to stripe rust and limited knowledge of the extent and type of resistance present in locally adapted germplasm.


Although nearly one-third of organic compounds have polymorphism, more than three polymorphs with definite crystalline structures in an organic molecule are very rare. Herein, an aggregation-induced-emission-active isoquinoline derivative containing ethyl...


The authors present the results of the comprehensive analysis of the influence of the modern horticultural science achievements on the sweet cherry cultivation intensification. Today in the world's horticulture practice the main direction of increasing this crop plantations productivity is its comprehensive intensification. Its main link is the type of an orchard, and components – cultivar, rootstock, planting plan and the crown formation methods. In this relation, the major elements of the modern sweet cherry industrial cultivation technologies concerning these components were developed the place of the new inland developments being determined. The analysis of the approaches to the modern intense sweet cherry plantations creation has shown that they do not always correspond to this crop biological characteristics and sometimes are usual adoptions from the similar developments for apple. At the same time the development of the basic elements of the sweet cherry rootstocks and cvs growing intensification lag behing the requirements significantly and cannot be used in apple super-dense orchards. The Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS) of Ukraine for the first time recommended for the Lisosteppe in of Ukraine three new types of orchards on vigorous, medium-sized and semi-dwarf rootstocks with the tree density placement from 417 to 1250 trees/ha in order to ensure the efficient industrial production of sweet cherries in particular, for the export purposes. These orchards are based mainly on using inland high-productive cvs, rootstocks and crown formation methods. The density of the trees placement in such orchards has been optimized by applying the mathematical modeling and tested in long-term field experiments. That enables to utilize effectively these orchards productivity potential. Their advantage as compared to foreign ones is that these plantations construction takes into account both the rootstocks vigour and the variety biological peculiarities. That is the basis for their application in the technologies for growing valuable sweet cherry cultivars which possess the increased consumers demand. The intensification of the sweet cherry growing should be based mostly on the creation of optimally dense plantations that meet the biological peculiarities of a concrete rootstock-cultivar combination


"Was", the first story of Go Down, Moses, opens with the
disclaimer that the protagonist Isaac McCaslin is "father to no one" and that the story to follow:

was not something participated in or even seen by
himself, but by his elder cousin, McCaslin Edmonds,
grandson of Isaac's father's sister and so descended
by the distaff, yet notwithstanding the inheritor, and
in his time the bequestor, of that which some had
thought then and some still thought should have been
Isaac's, since his was the name in which the title to
the land had first been granted from the Indian patent
and which some of the descendants of his father's
slaves still bore in the land. But Isaac was not one of
these... (3).

What is almost immediately clear is that the hook opens with issues of gender, genealogy, and inheritance foregrounded, and that these issues concern not merely the transmission of land from generation to generation but the transmission of stories, a kind of "naming" of one's relationship to the past that echoes the assigning of family names in the above passage.


A novel RFID Tag architecture called OTag (Object Tag)[4] and its protocol was designed to enhance the communication among real world objects. ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) was selected as the very first candidate to adopt above technology. Three actors of ITS; vehicle, user and infrastructure were represented as relevant instances of OTag class to enable the communications. To assure the security and privacy of above communications, five sub protocols: non encrypted reading, encrypted reading, encrypted writing, ownership transferring, and key updating were evaluated using formal analysis technique. First of all, the five protocols were modeled in formal language called HLPSL[1,3]. Then the validation of the modeled protocol representations was conducted by using a tool called SPAN[3]. After that, those five protocols were executed against the modeled intruder to verify desired security goals to verify the strengths and weakness by using AVISPA[1, 2]. Finally, results of each execution were analyzed to derive the concluding remarks.


As the high-end rigid flexible board (R-F board) widely used in the automotive electronics, industry control systems and smart medical products, the reliability of R-F board is becoming more and more important. FCCL is a very important material in the stack up of R-F board. As we know, PI has excellent heat resistance, electric property, mechanical property and flame retardancy, because of the amazing physical property and chemical property, PI is broadly applied in all kinds of situation. However, the biggest disadvantage of PI is that it is easy to absorb moisture. When the R-F board undergoes reflow of SMT, the water in PI will tum into water vapor at high temperature, resulting in the delamination between PI and copper foil because of rapidly increased stress of water vapor. In this situation, not only it brings serious economic loss but also affect efficiency. This study is aiming at the root of delamination of FCCL. We mainly study the type of PI, design of grid copper, water absorption and baking before SMT with DOE analysis, to find how these factors affect the delamination of FCCL. We hope this paper can provide reference for engineers in the industry of PCB and SMT.


The scientific enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. As Kenneth Shine and I emphasized 15 years ago in this journal, if science is to flourish and attain its appropriate role in aiding human progress, "It is incumbent upon all of us in the scientific community to help provide a research environment that, through its adherence to high ethical standards and creative productivity, will attract and retain individuals of outstanding intellect and character to one of society's most important professions."*


Weather is the single most events that affect the human life in every dimension, ranging from food to fly while on the other hand it is the most disastrous phenomena. Therefore, prediction of weather phenomena is of major interest for human society to avoid or minimize the destruction of weather hazards. Weather prediction is complex due to noise and missing values dataset. Numerous efforts were made to make weather prediction as accurate as possible, but still the complexities of noise are affecting accuracy. In this article, we propose a comprehensive prediction technique that utilizes the modified version of kNN classification. MkNN is more robust towards the noise and produces more accurate results. The proposed technique is comprehensive, as it is capable to predict almost 17 different weather attributes. The data used in this research is collected from National Climatic Data Center and the analyses were carried out by comparing the WP-MkNN with state-of-the-art classification and prediction models. The extensive experimental results showed that the proposed technique is more accurate even in noisy dataset


Audio broadcasting, most especially the digital, remains the most favourable, modern, popular and easier medium of effective teaching and learning when compared to television and challenges of computer technologies. The study seeks to provide theoretical insights and positions on how digital audio broadcast can be used for effective teaching and learning. In addition, the study traced the origin of analog to digital audio broadcasting as well as its advantages. In addition, disadvantages were also looked into as well as measures to overcome them. The applications of audio recording and how to use audio broadcast in schools were also presented. The paper discusses the guidelines, concludes and makes some useful recommendations.


Reports have recently been published on ultrathin biofluid barriers, which enable the long‐term measurement of biological signals and exhibit conformability on nonlinear surfaces such as skin and organs. However, inorganic‐ and organic‐based barriers have process incompatibility and high water permeability, respectively. Siloxane‐ (inorganic) based fluorinated epoxy (organic) hybrid materials (FEH) are demonstrated for bio‐fluidic barrier and the biocompatibility and barrier performance for flexible electronic systems as solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on 1.2 µm thick polyimide (PI) thin film substrate is confirmed. FEH thin film can be patterned as small as 10 µm through conventional photolithography. The fabricated solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers exhibit durable performance over 16 h with no dramatic change of transfer characteristics in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) environment. Furthermore, to realize FEH barriers for flexible systems, the solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers on ultrathin PI substrate are demonstrated subjected to compression test and successfully measure the electrical properties with no irreversible degradation during 1000 cycles of mechanical testing in PBS.


. The potential of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) has been increasingly explored over the last twenty years, bringing numerous methods into focus, both from a scientific and a technological perspective. In contrast to other forms of hybrid simulation, such as pseudo-dynamic substructuring, RTHS poses significant challenges in both its numerical and experimental counterparts, mainly due to the hard real-time constraints that must be met during each execution of the associated control loop. As far as the numerical substructure is concerned, the time step of the numerical integration scheme should conform to the step of the real time control loop. This is quite demanding for substructures of increasing complexity and usually necessitates the introduction of a reduced order model The numerical substructure is linked to the physical one through a transfer system, which brings additional complexity into the loop, as it is characterized by its own dynamics. Here, issues involving the accurate reproduction of the control signal, the elimination of the inherited time delay, the control-structure interaction and the rejection of all disturbance sources, are still subject to intensive research. and and robustness for the proposed AIC architecture and suggests further investigation, mainly in actual RTHS tests.


This paper evaluates the BER performance under a Rician fading environment in a radio-on-fiber ubiquitous antenna architecture for road-to-vehicle wireless CDM system. As a result, the BER performance is improved in comparison with that of using a single RBS without an SS radio transmission scheme.


Statistical response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the main parameters of the CWPO reaction in the catalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in a 1.5 L semi-batch reactor. Studied experimental variables were: (i) catalyst's concentration, (ii) dose of hydrogen peroxide and (iii) reaction time; Non-controllable variables were: starting pH, Temperature and initial [MO] loading (as Total Organic Carbon - TOC).


If a curriculum history should cover mathematics it is necessary to use a plurality of perspectives. A sociological, epistemological and pedagogical perspective are exemplified to the 'new maths' m...


The role of the sub‐bundles in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been defined, such that the anterior‐medial bundle directly resists anterior tibial translation while the posterior lateral bundle is involved in rotational stability. With regards to this biomechanical function, much of the previous work on bundle‐specific morphology has been carried out on the macroscale, with much less attention given to the micro‐to‐ultrastructural scalar levels. This is especially true of the enthesis and its microstructure, a biomechanically significant region that has been largely neglected in the published literature dealing with ACL sub‐bundle anatomy. In this study, the human ACL tibial enthesis was investigated at multiple scalar levels using differential interference contrast and scanning electron microscopies with the aim of determining whether the sub‐bundle ligament structure, and its known macroscale function, is consistent with its micro‐architecture at the ligament–bone junction. The investigation found that different ligament insertion morphologies exist between the two bundles, where the AM bundle has more intense interdigitation with the bone matrix than that of the PL bundle. The results suggest that such structure–function relationships, especially across scalar‐levels, provide new insight into the significance of the sub‐bundle anatomy of the ACL. Anat Rec, 300:1547–1559, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The modelling and simulation of the interaction among vehicles and pedestrians during cross-walking is an open challenge for both research and practical computational solutions supporting urban/traffic decision makers and managers. The social cost of pedestrians' risky behaviour pushes the development of a new generation of computational models integrating analytical knowledge, data and experience about the complex dynamics occurring in pedestrian/vehicle interactions, which are not completely understood despite recent efforts. This paper presents the results of a significant data gathering campaign realised at an unsignalized zebra crossing. The selected area of the city of Milan (Italy) is characterised by a significant presence of elderly inhabitants and pedestrian-vehicle risky interactions, testified by a high number of accidents involving pedestrians in the past years. The results concern the analysis of: (i) vehicular and pedestrian traffic volumes; (ii) level of service; (iii) pedestrian-vehicle interactions, considering the impact of ageing on crossing behaviour. Results showed that the phenomenon is characterised by three main phases: approaching, appraising (evaluation of the distance and speed of oncoming vehicles) and crossing. The final objective of the research is to support the development of a microscopic agent-based tool for simulating pedestrian behaviour at unsignalized crosswalks, focusing on the specific needs of the elderly pedestrians.


The hardware system of coupled-tank liquid-level control system is introduced.Several level control experiments on coupled-tank liquid-level control system with stochastic stream are designed in view of different applications.The mathematical models on hardware system of coupled-tank system under control are given.The controllability and observability of them are verified.


The diffusive term (the toroidal momentum diffusivity, ) and the non-diffusive term (the convection velocity, Vconv) of the momentum transport and the intrinsic rotation have been evaluated separately using the original transient momentum transport analysis. Thanks to the separation, characteristics of these terms are found for the first time as follows. (i) The characteristics of the momentum transport coefficients in the H-mode plasmas are obtained by plasma parameter scan such as plasma current (Ip), neutral beam (NB) heating power and electron density. The  increases with increasing the heat diffusivity ( i) over a wide range of radii and / i ~0.7-3 at the middle of plasma r/a=0.5. (ii) The ratio of / i increases with increasing the ion temperature (Ti). (iii) the inward convection velocity (-Vconv) increases with increasing , and Vconv/ ~ -2.0 - -0.7 (1/m) at r/a=0.5. (iv) We have also found that the intrinsic rotation with NBI, which is not explained with , Vconv and the external momentum input, increases with increasing ion pressure gradient (gradPi) and its direction is always antiparallel to Ip, i.e. the counter (CTR) direction. This dependence is almost the same, even the direction of the toroidal rotation velocity (Vt) and the confinement are different (Ip, L-mode, H-mode, CO-, BAL-, CTR-rotating plasmas). (v) We investigate the role of electron cyclotron heating on the Vt profile in the H-mode plasmas with low torque input using a fundamental O-mode electron cyclotron range of frequency wave (ECRF). It is supposed that the change in Vt with ECRF is due to the change in the momentum transport, the intrinsic rotation by gradPi and by ECRF itself. We separately estimate these terms, and found that ECRF drives the CO-intrinsic rotation inside the EC deposition and drives the CTR-intrinsic rotation outside the EC deposition. The CTR-rotation starts from the EC deposition location and the phase delay of the CTR-rotation is observed in the radial direction. This phase delay is comparable to , which is obtained in the similar plasma condition.


631  Abstract In this work , cysteine proteinase produced by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite had been detected. The isolated enzyme had been immobilized by using calcium alginate, and compaired between free enzyme (mobile) and immobilized enzyme through differente range of pH and tempreture. We found that immobilized enzyme remains with its enzymatic activity through changing in pH level and temprature in compairion with free enzyme. ةصلاخلا جيسنلل ةلاحلا ابيملال ةيذغتملا راوطلاا لبق نم جتنملا زينيتورب نيتسسلا ميزنا نع يرحتلا ثحبلا اذه للاخ مت . زنلاا ديقت مت مي رحلا ميزنلاا نيب نروقو مويسلاكلا تانيجلا ةدام مادختساب لوزعملا ) ديقم ريغلا ( ماـقرا ىـلا هـضرعت للاـخ نم ديقملا ميزنلااو ةفلتخم ةيرارح تاجردو ةينيجورديه . ةـينيجورديهلا ماقرلاا يف ريغتلا دنع ةيميزنلاا هتيلاعفب اضفتحم ىقبي ديقملا ميزنلاا نا دجو اقم ةرارحلا تاجردو رحلا ميزنلاا عم انر .  ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ  Introduction Cysteine proteinases are a large group of enzyme which include lysosomal cathepsins. Physiologically cysteine proteinase have an important role in protein metabolism and turnover. In addition, processing and activation of many prohormones, proenzymes and peptides is conducted by cysteine proteinase[1]. Cysteine proteinase is considerd to be a key virulence factor which lysis the target cell [1]. Other virulence factors such as hyaluronidase, phospholipase and hemolysine are important in pathogenesis of amoebiasis [2]. Infection with E.histolytic can by controlled by inhibition the virulence factors especially cysteine proteinase [3] . The action of cysteine proteinase can be regulated and inhibited by endogenous, natural inhibitors as well as compartmentalization and surrounding condition such as pH or chelating agents. If this well-balanced control system is disturbed and can lead to serious damage. Many pathogens have their own cysteine proteinase to invade hosts[3]. E. histolytica cysteine proteinase is a polypeptide chain which contains 447 amino acid and it is considered the important virulence factors produced by trophozoite of E. histolytica. It located in cytoplasmic vesicales and in the plasma membrane of the trophozoite [1]. Convincing evidence find that cysteine proteinases are essential for E. histolytica induced pathology.Treatment of amoeba with sublethal dose of a specific cysteine proteinase inhibitor or the addition of laminin which blocks the substrate –binding pocket of cysteine proteinase is greatly reduced its ability to produce liver abscesses in laboratory animals [4]. Moncada et al. (2003)[5] performed cysteine proteinase produced from trophozoite of E. histolytica have the ability to overcome the defence barrier of colonic epithelia by degrade mucin and invasive to epithelium layer. Study on Cysteine Proteinase Produced by Entamoeba Histolytica


The visual discrimination of velocity is considered in terms of an observer's response to its direction at different speeds. The hypothesis is advanced that the direct perception of motion in a middle range of speeds involves a single sensory event dependent on the intensity-time relation. To test this hypothesis, four subjects discriminated velocity at different speeds for each of eight durations of exposure. The minimal luminance required for correct judgements of direction was measured by the method of limits.The data indicate that velocity discrimination occurs at intermediate speeds when the energy of the stimulating flash is constant (It=C). The reciprocity relation does not hold for exposures longer than a critical duration of 0.1 sec. The luminance of the flash tends to be the sole limiting factor on velocity discriminations at longer durations of exposure (I=K). Implications of these results are discussed with reference to other experiments.


Snort is a very popular network intrusion detection system (NIDS). One of its main methods of inspection is to scan the traffic payload for malicious content. Unfortunately, Snort deals with compressed http traffic in a naive way. It first decompresses the traffic, and then performs a multi-pattern matching scan. Thus, Snort suffers from a performance penalty in pattern matching on compressed http data. Recently, an algorithm that tackles the above problem, called ACCH, was proposed. The algorithm presented impressive performance results on simulation environment but not on a real Snort setup. In this work we present the integration of ACCH algorithm inside Snort in order to improve the performance over compressed http traffic. However, the improvement was not significant as expected. We show an analysis of ACCH algorithm and a comparison between our implementation and the original implementation of ACCH. Our analysis reveals a new set of properties, which are relevant when trying to incorporate an algorithm with Snort. The original ACCH paper assumed a simplified model which should be extended to include the properties we found. We modify the original algorithm to support these properties and suggest future directions to improve furthermore the performance of the compressed traffic scanning algorithm.


Significance Cells injured by a variety of stressors feature a form of mitochondrial dysfunction termed the permeability transition. During this process, mitochondria swell and become disrupted, ultimately leading to cell death. In excitable cells such as cardiomyocytes or neurons, such injury is often triggered by calcium overload. By screening Drosophila cells, we have found a protein, mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulator 1 (MCUR1), that appears to regulate the amount of calcium required to induce the permeability transition. Modulating the function of this protein acutely may prove beneficial in limiting tissue damage during diseases that feature calcium overload. During the mitochondrial permeability transition, a large channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane opens, leading to the loss of multiple mitochondrial solutes and cell death. Key triggers include excessive reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial calcium overload, factors implicated in neuronal and cardiac pathophysiology. Examining the differential behavior of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in Drosophila versus human cells allowed us to identify a gene, MCUR1, which, when expressed in Drosophila cells, conferred permeability transition sensitive to electrophoretic Ca2+ uptake. Conversely, inhibiting MCUR1 in mammalian cells increased the Ca2+ threshold for inducing permeability transition. The effect was specific to the permeability transition induced by Ca2+, and such resistance to overload translated into improved cell survival. Thus, MCUR1 expression regulates the Ca2+ threshold required for permeability transition.


A previously fit 32-year-old woman was presented to the emergency department for left abdominal pain for two days. The pain is dull in character and is not accompanied by nausea, diarrhoea, fever, dysuria, or haematuria. She is a virgin with a regular menstrual cycle and her last menstrual period started 2 weeks ago. The physical examination revealed mild left lower quadrant tenderness only. The initial impression of her illness was urolithiasis and she underwent intramuscular piroxicam for analgesia. However, the urine analysis showed neither haematuria nor pyuria. Her pregnancy test was negative for pregnancy and hydronephrosis was not exhibited on the sonogram of her bilateral kidneys.


Vacuum-packaged fresh meat products held at refrigeration temperatures have limited shelf-life expectancies, often due to growth of anaerobic lactic acid-producing bacteria. Agents that can suppress the growth of this group are beneficial. Fresh pork sausage, formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% sodium lactate (SL), was vacuum packaged and stored at 4C for 0, 10, 17, 24, and 31 days. A trained sensory panel evaluated pork, salty, sour, and bitter flavors. Aerobic total plate counts (APC), anaerobic total plate counts (AnPC), aerobic lactic acid producers (ALC), anaerobic lactic acid producers (AnLC), TBA values, and pH were determined. SL depressed APC, AnPC, and AnLC. Addition of 1% SL extended shelf-life of vacuum-packaged fresh pork sausage by 1 week compared to controls; samples containing 2% and 3% SL had not reached spoilage level (log10 7.0 CFU/g) at the conclusion of this study. Addition of SL increased salty taste and prevented loss of pork flavor over time, but had no effect on sour or bitter flavors.


Trend and stationarity analysis conducted for the city center of Eskisehir province, Turkey. The Intensity- Duration – Frequency (IDF) curves and formulas for the estimation of the design rainfall intensity have been developed. Through the application of four different frequency methods, the IDF has been developed for a record of 64 years. The functions employed are; Normal, Log – Normal, Gumbel, and Log –Pearson Type III. A formula for each function developed by determining the parameters with the help of a non-linear regression method. The most appropriate fit of probability distribution determined by goodness of fit test i.e. Chi – Square. The results of the study revealed no evidence of significant trend or nonstationarity in any duration. With an exception to the Normal function which exceeded the critical region in several durations, all the functions found to show high fitting. LPT III identified as the best fit. The coefficient of correlation for the developed formulas found high in all the functions except for LPT III. The study endorsed that the estimation of rainfall intensity for any storm duration and return period can be done for Eskisehir using LPT III and Gumbel formulas as they are evaluated as best fitting.


to the editor: Zoladz et al. ([6][1]) present a reanalysis of data taken from their previous study ([3][2]) and they evaluated the oxygen uptake (Vo2) response in isolated dog gastrocnemius in situ during 4-min of contractions at ∼60–70% of peak Vo2. In their preparation, all muscle fibers


First of all a method of collocation, which we call "classical" collocation, is described for the approximate solution of complete singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel taken over the arc $( - 1,1)$. Secondly we demonstrate that, under reasonable conditions, the approximate solutions converge to the solution of the original equation.


There are many various activities in the city We live in. The most
 important composition factor of city is perhaps street. The
 street is composed of two factors-road and buildings. The two
 factors make street scene and street image and these influence
 the city scene and city image. Most of street buildings are small
scaled commercial buildings. Therefore, to make street scene and
street image good ones, We have to design street buildings matching
 with street environment. And that helps us feel good in the street
 and city.


1. Introduction 2. Definitions 3. Consistency 4. Effectiveness 5. Regulation 6. Budget 7. Coordination 8. Systemic Aspects 9. Practice in Major Policy Areas 10. Competitiveness and Innovation 11. Stabilisation 12. Cohesion 13. Sustainaibility 14. Employment and Social Protection 15. External 16. Conclusions


The chromosomal location of the swine tenascin gene (HXB) was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and simultaneous R-banding. Swine tenascin cDNA was labeled with biotin, and used as a probe. Hybridization was detected by the FITC-labeled streptavidin/biotinylated antistreptavidin antibody system. The signals revealed that the tenascin gene is localized on swine chromosome 1q21.1-->q21.3.


The influence of catechins in green tea on lipolysis in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells was studied and glycerol release into the buffer, cytosol and residual triglyceride were measured.


Fast response time IR photoconductive detector was fabricated based on Multi-Walled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film deposited by dip coating technique. The MWCNTs film is deposited on the porous silicon (PS) nanosurface which has drastically reduced the response time of the MWCNTs IR detector to few hundreds of microseconds. The surface functionalization of the MWCNTs film deposited on porous silicon (PS) layer by polyamide nylon found to be highly improving the photoresponsivity of the fabricated detector.


Hypocretins are crucial for the regulation of wakefulness by the excitatory actions on multiple subcortical arousal systems. To date, there is little information about the direct postsynaptic excitatory effects of hypocretins on the neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is important for higher cognitive functions and is correlated with level of wakefulness. In this study, we tested the excitatory effects of hypocretin‐1 on acutely isolated PFC pyramidal neurons of rats and studied the possible ionic mechanisms by using whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques. Puff application of hypocretin‐1 caused a dose‐dependent excitation. Further observations that perfusion of Ca2+‐free artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not influence the depolarizing effects of hypocretin‐1, in conjunction with the findings that hypocretin‐1 could decrease net whole‐cell K+ currents, demonstrate that the excitatory effects of hypocretin‐1 on PFC neurons are mediated by the inhibition of K+ currents but not Ca2+ influx. Finally, the decrease in K+ currents induced by hypocretin‐1 was abolished by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (BIS II) or a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (D609), suggesting that PKC and PLC appear to be involved in mediating the inhibitory effects of hypocretin‐1 on K+ currents. These results indicate that hypocretin‐1 exerts a postsynaptic excitatory action on PFC neurons through the inhibition of K+ currents, which probably results from activation of PKC and PLC signaling pathways. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The use of graph theory to improve the secrecy performance of a wireless multi-hop relaying system is investigated. Particularly, we consider a wireless wiretap network with multi-relay and multi-eavesdropper. A secrecy graph is first established according to the network topology. After building the weight of each edge, an efficient max-min path selection (MM-PS) criterion is then proposed to select an appropriate path for relaying based on shortest path algorithm. Simulation results verified the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MM-PS criterion and show that cooperative relaying can bring considerable performance improvement.


Various diagnostic and therapeutic radiologic procedures were encountered in 26 patients who suffered major complications from cholecystectomy (open method N=7, laparoscopic approach N=19). Specific lesions were pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery (n=2), bleeding from the cystic artery (n=1), ductal strictures (n=3), hepatic duct transection (n=2), bile leakage (n=5), hepatic duct ligation (n=2), subhepatic abscess (n=5) and retained common bile duct stones (n=6). Superselective transarterial embolization using coil spring and gelfoam cubes was successfully performed in three patients, while six patients with retained common bile duct stones were treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy and basket stone extraction. All patients with ductal strictures had successful balloon dilatation, and were free from clinical signs of ductal obstruction after 5-16 months follow-up. Definite diagnosis of bile leaks could only be demonstrated by either Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram (PTC), and therapeutic endoscopic biliary drainage and percutaneous biliary drainage were performed respectively for bile diversion.Percutaneous abscess drainage was done in three patients. In cases of hepatic duct transection, one patient received palliative percutaneous biliary drainage to relieve the sepsis, while the other died of sepsis after operation. These therapeutic interventions either cured the complications and obviated reoperation, or relieved sepsis and obstruction before definitive surgical procedures were applied.


The spiritual quest of the young Augustine was "essentially an itinerarium mentis ad Deum, a journey of the mind to God." This paper carefully studied Augustine's mind's journey to the Trinity. It reveals that his mind's journey towards the Trinity has the quality of ascent. Augustine's arguments in his presentations of the spiritual ascent are based on the authority of the Scripture and reason. This subsection explores the metaphor of ascent of the soul in the context of Augustine's search for the Trinity. It argues that Augustine presents a reasoned seven-step spiritual programme for the Christian who is intent on searching for the Trinity, but also that this seeking has three moments (withdrawal, interiority and ascent proper) and that it is a lifelong process.


The following short tribute elaborates and assesses the three central themes in the late James
Muldoon's scholarly work: 1) the nature and speed of transition, 2) the ins and outs of hybrid
governance forms, and 3) new governance forms, such as cross-sector partnerships.


In this communication, a short overview about congenital abdominal wall defects—laparoschisis is given. Focusing on all day clinical practice, possible surgical therapies and best postpartal care for these critically ill newborn babies are presented for the obstetrician in charge from a neonatal surgeon's viewpoint.


This paper briefly reviews the general principles and development of gene delivery with emphasis on the recent developments in the arena of lung cancer using nonviral(naked DNA,polycationic polymers,cationic liposomes) vectors.Employing gene transfer techniques to achieve therapeutically useful levels of expression of therapeutic gene in the lung could provide a new strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.


The main features of the Villar core evidence that in the headwater area of Rituerto River (Soria) an alluvial plain with palustrine areas developed during the Late Pleistocene, which prograded along time. The spectral analysis of the magnetic susceptibility values measured on the core evidence two periodic cycles (5.8 and 20.3 m-thick), very well defined in the uppermost 50 meters. Based on 14 C AMS and OSL dating is considered that the former (5.8 cycle) may correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations and the later (20.3 cycle) to the Bond cycles between Heinrich events. The correlation with the δ 18 O values of the GISP2 core permits to propose that during the coldest stages coarser facies deposited, showing the lowest values of magnetic susceptibility. During the warmest stages (interstadials of DansgaardOeschger cycles) finer facies with higher susceptibility values deposited. We consider this high values are related to magnetic minerals neoformated in soils, which during warmer periods were more stable.


A systematic ESCA study of the solid residues of supercritical critical extraction of Populus tremuloides prepared in various conditions has been performed. Reference materials also examined by ESCA included the initial wood, Whatman no. 1 paper, and two lignins prepared by different procedures. Interest has been focused on the Cls and Ols spectra and on the determination of surface O/C atomic ratio. A difference between bulk O/C values measured by chemical analysis and surface O/C ratios obtained from ESCA data is considered diagnostic of a difference in chemical composition of the bulk and the surface. In the Cls peaks of wood and its constitutive polymers, the usual components peaks C1, C2, and C3 were observed. For the solid residues, however, a fourth peak designated as C0 appears, the importance of which increases steadily when the temperature of extraction is raised from 250 to 350°C. The component C0 was ascribed to polyaromatic constituants. Its proportion is correlated with the fraction of the carbon in the residue comprised in the recondensed material and determined independently. The Ols peak shows also a complex structure with three components in the wood-derived reference materials and four in some of the solid residues. These structures have not been discussed previously in the literature and a tentative assignment for the component peaks is proposed.


A ground fissure is a geological disaster in which the vertical dislocation of strata causes surface rupture. Ground fissures can cause extreme harm to the surface and underground buildings. Ground fissure activity can result in different settlement on the two sides of the strata, which will generate additional stress (pressure) that differs from the stress of the general stratum on underground structures across the ground fissure zone. It is essential to assess the effective stress of strata in the design of underground engineering structures across a ground fissure zone. The Xi'an ground fissure through a utility tunnel was focus of the research, and a physical model and data for oblique crossing of the 45° ground fissure were analyzed. A model of the utility tunnel structure was established, including the surrounding soil load as an active ground fissure environment. This model was used to calculate the vertical formation pressure of the overlying soil on the utility tunnel. A method to calculate the overlying load on the utility tunnel caused by ground fissure activity was proposed and compared with the calculation based on the A. Marston principle. The results showed that the ground fissure load calculation method based on the strata-holding effect can effectively calculate the earth pressure of the surrounding soil layer of the utility tunnel in the cross-ground fissure section. The results of this work provide guidance and reference value for the design of a utility tunnel in an area with the potential for a ground fissure.


Although it may seem to be one of the more unpredictable sports, tennis can be rather accurately modelled using the Monte Carlo method. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a Monte Carlo simulation that integrates dynamic tennis parameters in forecasting the outcome of a specific match. To predict the outcome of a tennis match, a conventional Monte Carlo simulation based on the identical and independent point distribution assumption requires only two parameters: the probabilities of both players winning a point on their own serve. A more sophisticated method proposed in this paper considers how fatigue affects a player's performance and it analyses and implements the change in the probability of winning a service point after "breaking" an opponent's service game. Calculating the relevant statistics required for player profiling was a critical step in this study. Following that, both previously mentioned variations of the Monte Carlo simulation were implemented to compare their performance. Finally, the method was tested on real-world tennis data.


The Covid pandemic has caused shortages of food, drinks and health items such as medicines and masks. From the use of these masks, there are opportunities that can increase household income, namely the manufacture of mask connectors which are usually used by hijab users. The method used in this community service is training. The results during the training were based on the participants' statements that the training was very useful for opening a small business using a small amount of capital.


Name authority is a common issue in digital library. This paper mainly summarizes the practice of constructing name authority database based on multi-source data in NSTL. Firstly, we load, integrate different source data and convert them into unified structure. Then, we extract scientific entities and relationships from these data, according to metadata model. For different entities, we use different disambiguation rules and algorithms. As a result, we have constructed author name authority database, institution authority database, journal authority database, and fund authority database. Compared with Incites, taking six institutions name authority data as a sample, the result shows that the average accuracy can reach 86.8%


Mobile user location predication is critical to efficient data acquisition and message forwarding in participatory sensing systems.This paper proposes a Social-aware Mobile user Location Prediction algorithm(SMLP).The SMLP algorithm models application scenarios based on geographic locations,and extracting social relationships of mobile nodes from nodes' mobility.The SMLP algorithm preliminarily predicts node's mobility based on the Markov model,and then amends the prediction results using location information of other nodes which have strong relationship with the node.Two algorithms,SMLP1 and SMLPN,are proposed based on the Markov model and the weighted Markov model,respectively.Finally,the UCSD WTD data sets are exploited for simulations.Simulation results show that SMLP1 acquires higher prediction accuracy than the Markov model.SMLPNachieves more accuracy on prediction compared with SMLP1,andobtains comparable prediction accuracy with order-2 Markov model while presents extra lower algorithm complexity.Due to the introduction of weighting coefficients,both SMLP1 and SMLPN demonstrate high flexibility.


Chitosan react with salicyclaldehyde by schiff's base reaction in water,a polymer product S-CTS can be prepared.Glassy carbon electrode was modified with S-CTS by drop-coating method.Then,its electrocatalysis effect on the reduction of nitrite by the films of S-CTS was investigated.Experimental results showed that S-CTS modified electrode could reduce the oxidation overpotential of nitrite in pH4.5 B-R buffer solution,the peak current of reduction was proportional to the concen-tration of nitrite and a good linear relation from 0.20 to 81 mg/kg(r=0.9899)with a detection limit of 2.8×10-7 mol/L was obtained.The methods have been applied to determining nitrite in some samples,satisfactory results were obtained.


The present study examined the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of a specific phobia. Twenty-four spider phobic subjects were randomly assigned to either (1) an EMDR group (n=8), (2) an imaginal exposure group (n=8), or (3) a control group (n=8). Both the EMDR and the imaginal exposure group underwent a one-hour treatment. The control group initially received no treatment, and waited for one hour. Next, all groups received exposure in vivo. Treatment outcome was evaluated with a standardized Behavioural Avoidance Test (BAT). No evidence was found for EMDR being more effective than imaginal exposure or waiting list control. In fact, only exposure in vivo therapy resulted in significant improvement on the BAT.


This article deals with the ways and natural laws of the English food linguistic culture formation. Intensive transformation of this sector due to extralinguistic, intra-linguistic and linguistic and psychological factors, including socio-economic changes.


This paper describes a device that, in conjunction with an IR monochromator, allows the kinetics of chemical reactions to be studied according to the change in the intensities of the absorption bands of the reagents in the range of 5000-1000 cm/sup -1/. The width of the spectral interval selected by the monochromator is varied within 30-100 cm/sup -1/. The time constant of the recording circuit is 5 msec to 5 sec. The signal-to-noise ratio of the apparatus at a frequency of 1000 cm/sup -1/ is equal to 10 for a spectral-slit width of 30 cm/sup -1/ and a time constant of 5 msec. The apparatus has been used to study the Perkov reaction and the deutero-exchange reaction in alcohol-amine systems.


The Chekanov theorem generalizes the classic Lyusternik-Shnirel'man and Morse theorems concerning critical points of a smooth function on a closed manifold. A Legendrian submanifold \Lambda of space of 1-jets of the functions on a manifold M defines a multi-valued function whose graph is the projection of \Lambda in J^0 M = M x R. The Chekanov theorem asserts that if \Lambda is homotopic to the 1-jet of a smooth function in the class of embedded Legendrian manifolds, then such a graph of a multi-valued function must have a lot of points (their number is determined by the topology of M) at which the tangent plane to the graph is parallel to M \times 0.
In the present paper a similar estimate is proved for a wider class of Legendrian manifolds. We consider Legendrian manifolds homotopic (in the class of embedded Legendrian manifolds) to Legendrian manifolds specified by generating families.


A TeV scale leptoquark (LQ) is one of the promising explanations of the recent anomalies in the semileptonic decays of mesons. Among the various LQs, the vector U1 is capable of explaining the anomalies in both ' (∗) and ' (∗) observables. We use the current LHC data to put bounds on the parameter space of U1 relevant for the anomalies. Precise bounds are drawn by recasting the latest gg and `` searches by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. We find that it is imperative to include the resonant production modes for obtaining limits in the low mass regions. For higher mass points, the non-resonant production modes play a dominant role.


Dear editor

Firstly we would like to thank Upatising et al for undertaking an interesting and relevant study.1 Health professionals are well aware of the impending crisis that the aging demographics will have on future worldwide health care provision. With increasing hospital stays, "bed blocking," and longer duration of chronic illness as a result of increasing life expectancy the crisis is indeed underway.

With shifting society, the attitudes and expectations of health care are changing significantly. With increased pressures on waiting list times, drug provision/administration, and service provision, patients become more critical and budgets become tighter. Outside of health care the technological advancement is astonishing. Smartphones, robotics, tablets, the internet has truly revolutionized health care provision and training in countless ways.

The proposed union of this technological advancement with 'older adults,' as a mechanism to prevent hospitalisation through access to health care via telemonitoring is one which can help reduce the pressure on the health service. However more development and research needs to be undertaken to expand this proposal. Through the clinical use of telemedicine, frail individuals would be kept out of the hospital system, in which they often can become 'trapped;' allowing them to stay at home, where many wish to be. This equates to additional bed space, more nurse availability (as often these patients need more care than others), and a lesser reduction in mobility (very often frail patients in hospital become quickly immobile, which is unlikely to have occurred if they had still been at home).

An issue however surrounds the ever changing systems in health care, such as ObamaCare and the National Health Service in Great Britain. In these organizations with significant financial and political input from their governments, amendments and additions such as implementing telemedicine centrally, would be problematic and likely to have as many opponents as proponents given the results of this study.

This trial1 result failed to excite, however it does not stop one from turning to investigate more methods of how telemedicine could be used to provide better, more cost effective and patient-centered health care in the future. We strongly believe that telemedicine of this kind would be of benefit in the future.


Lesson plan is the important thing for teachers before they teach the students. To make the teaching learning process run well the teacher must have lesson plan. After the teacher makes the lesson plan, she must apply all of the steps in the lesson plan. The most important thing in the lesson is the learning process, how the teacher canteach the students with media, method, and technique that is appropriate with the syllabus and the situation of the students. The main point is how the teachercan implement the lesson plan in the classroom and make the students active in the teaching learning process.
This research aims to examine the implementation of lesson plan and the effect of the lesson plan for students by the English teacher of SD 1 Dersalam Bae Kudus. This is a kind of qualitative research. The subjects werethe English teacher and the fifth grade students of SD 1 Dersalam Bae Kudus.The data were collected through observation and interview. The data was analyzed using four steps, there are selecting, categorizing, coding and interpreting data.
This research found that the teacher can implement almost all of the steps in the lesson plan. Altought there are some steps that not use but the teaching learning process still run well. In the lesson the teacher gave the material to the students, she used media and technique, and she also made the students couldbe active in the lesson. The students enjoyed in teaching learning process and they gave feedback from this lesson. The teacher hopes that the students more serious in teaching learning process and get a good score.
 I hope that the teacher can implement the lesson plan more effective and efficient so the students can get the point of the lesson.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using a dual hole type storage node contact hole is provided to reduce parasitic capacitance by applying a dual spacer of a nitride film spacer and an oxidation film spacer. CONSTITUTION: A dual hole type storage node contact hole is formed to open the edges of an active area(46) adjacent in one direction. A storage node contact plug filled in the storage node contact hole is formed. A damascene pattern is formed to separate the storage node contact plug. A bit line(62) filled in the damascene pattern is formed.


In this paper, we analyze the usage and impact of information technology in the early design phases of the architectural design process. Typical topics of concern in these phases are idea generation, theory formation, hypothetical reasoning, analogical reasoning, and so forth. Although these phases of the design process have been studied before, not many facts are really known about them, nor about the impact of information technology on these phases. We therefore started an investigation of existing theories of the reasoning and decision-making processes of designers, and creative practitioners in general. This research makes diverse links with various theories in philosophy, in particular to theories that resulted from the work of Charles Sanders Peirce on the process of (scientific) inquiry (Peirce, 1958). These theories suggest that the human mind continuously cycles through three reasoning modes: abductive, deductive and inductive reasoning. The abductive reasoning mode is hereby considered as the one that produces ideas and enables interpretation; the deductive reasoning mode enables making predictions based on these interpretations; the inductive reasoning mode enables learning from experiments by refutation or confirmation. As such, we consider this interpretation of Peirce's theory a good explanatory framework for the topics of concern in the early design process. In Pauwels et al. (2012), two main approaches were distinguished towards information system support in the early design phase: (1) applications for experimenting or making design tryouts, and (2) applications as autonomous reasoning agents. This short paper briefly outlines the feasibility of applying both approaches.


Males have greater access to science and technical fields and greater earning power than females. Many argue that cognitive and psychosocial gender differences explain these career differences. In contrast, evidence from meta-analysis and process analysis indicate that (a) gender differences on cognitive and psychosocial tasks are small and declining, (b) gender differences are not general but specific to cultural and situational contexts, (c) gender differences in cognitive processes often reflect gender differences in course enrollment and training, and (d) gender differences in height, physical strength, career access, and earning power are much larger and more stable than gender differences on cognitive and psychosocial tasks. These trends imply that small gender differences in cognitive and psychosocial domains be deemphasized and instead that learning and earning environments be redesigned to promote gender equity.


Kubernetes is the most popular container orchestration platform that enables users to create and run multiple containers in cloud environments. Kubernetes offers resource management to isolate the resource usage of containers on a host server because performance isolation is an important factor in terms of service quality. This paper investigates whether the resource management of Kubernetes is sufficient to isolate the performance of containers. This is different from previous studies that mostly focuses on efficient resource management rather than the study on performance interference. We evaluate the performance interference 1) between CPU-intensive and networkintensive containers, and 2) between multiple network-intensive containers. Our evaluation results show that containers experience performance degradation by 50% due to the co-located containers even under the resource management of Kubernetes. This paper also points out that the root cause of the performance interference between multiple network-intensive containers is CPU contention, not network bandwidth. As a result, Kubernetes needs to consider the CPU usage of network-related workloads in resource management in order to mitigate the performance interference.


American Middle East Policy began in Truman Administration and finished in Eisenhower Administration.In the course of formation of American Middle East Policy,we can see that it has multiple objectives.First,it is the immediate and the most striking objective of America in the Middle East to contain the Soviet Union's expansion in this region,and stop communism from spreading in the world;Second,crowding powers of Britain and France out of the Middle East,would be the concealing objective of American Middle East Policy;Third,the central objective of American Middle East Policy is to realize interests of America.


In this paper, a mixture representation is derived for the pooled system lifetimes arising from a life-test on two or more independent samples. The components of each system are assumed to have the same common absolutely continuous distribution, but the system signature may vary between the samples. These mixtures are then used for developing exact nonparametric inference in the form of confidence intervals for quantiles of component or system lifetimes, as well as prediction intervals for future component or system lifetimes. Examples are finally provided to illustrate the developed methods. It is noted that testing with systems rather than components directly can reduce the expected number of failures while maintaining nominal coverage probability.


16 graduate students in a seminar on stress responded to a 30-item adjective scale (anxious, tense, weak, etc.) during a nonstressful situation and again after a difficult test was introduced. The Incremental R-technique of factor analysis applied to the 30 × 30 difference-score correlation matrix yielded 10 factors, whose structure clearly indicated the hypothesis-generating possibilities of this analytical method, which should be applied to a larger data base.


By Chase Winter for Southeast European Times in New York -- 28/09/11 Wrapping up his visit to New York, Erdogan sends a message of universal values and pushes for a common future with Balkan states. Speaking alongside leaders of the Balkan states at the New York Balkan Forum last week (September 22nd), Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan stressed the cultural and historical ties between Turkey and the Balkans, while calling on the region to overcome its troubled history to co-operate and inte...


This paper reports on interviews conducted during June and July 2015 to document ecological knowledge of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories. Beluga whales are not a traditionally available or important species for Ulukhaktomiut, but they have appeared in increasing numbers in the waters around the community, and hunters have actively pursued and taken them. We conducted interviews in English with 31 Inuit about their beluga knowledge. A


We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the interaction between a 10 Jupiter mass planet and a red or asymptotic giant branch stars, both with a zeroage main sequence mass of 3.5 M⊙. Dynamic in-spiral timescales are of the order of few years and a few decades for the red and asymptotic giant branch stars, respectively. The planets will eventually be destroyed at a separation from the core of the giants smaller than the resolution of our simulations, either through evaporation or tidal disruption. As the planets in-spiral, the giant stars' envelopes are somewhat puffed up. Based on relatively long timescales and even considering the fact that further inspiral should take place before the planets are destroyed, we predict that the merger would be difficult to observe, with only a relatively small, slow brightening. Very little mass is unbound in the process. These conclusions may change if the planet's orbit enhances the star's main pulsation modes. Based on the angular momentum transfer, we also suspect that this star-planet interaction may be unable to lead to large scale outflows via the rotation-mediated dynamo effect of Nordhaus and Blackman. Detectable pollution from the destroyed planets would only result for the lightest, lowest metallicity stars. We furthermore find that in both simulations the planets move through the outer stellar envelopes at Mach-3 to Mach-5, reaching Mach-1 towards the end of the simulations. The gravitational drag force decreases and the in-spiral slows down at the sonic transition, as predicted analytically.


Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveys were done in Luikonlahti tailings impoundment area, Eastern Finland. Purpose of the measurements were to find the structure of the tailings impoundment area and possible seepage areas. Totally 5 ERT profiles and 4 TEM profiles were measured in the tailings area. ERT and TEM measurements revealed clearly the structure of tailings impoundment. Results of the both methods agreed and coincide with the drilling results.


Greece holds the rotating presidency of the European Union for the first half of 2014. As some commentators in Germany and elsewhere have been quick to note, there is surely something incongruous, if not outright absurd, in the spectacle of the most wayward member of Europe's family of nations setting the agenda (or pretending to), even for such a short time. For Greece is still in the throes of a terrible crisis. The experience of economic failure, nearbankruptcy, deep and protracted recession, a sudden fall in living standards, and bitter political conflict has dangerously raised the temperature of public debate. As if to prove the critics right, the Greek presidency got off to an inauspicious start, marked by a series of events ranging from the grotesque to the tragic. Former Transport Minister Michalis Liapis was caught driving without a licence and with counterfeit registration plates by traffic police too young to recognize him. It then transpired that his family home had been refurbished courtesy of Europe's taxpayers: EU "structural funds" earmarked for upgrading tourism infrastructure were diverted for his private use. Since the faction Liapis belonged to in the ruling conservative party was no longer influential, the prime minister's office declined to lift a finger to stop the wheels of justice, opting instead for a show of respect for judicial independence and the rule of law. Liapis received a suspended sentence of four years. With a weakened political elite making a virtue out of its inability to close ranks as it did in the past, the prosecution of well-known (albeit usually have-been) politicians and businessmen has become more common. Vasilis Papageorgopoulos, the conservative former mayor of Thessaloniki (Greece's second largest city), in February 2013 was given a life sentence for embezzlement—he is expected to serve at least 15 years in prison. Akis Tsochatzopoulos, the once-powerful minister of defense and the second-ranking figure in the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) during the long reign of its founder Andreas Papandreou, in October 2013 was sentenced to 20 years for money laundering. Lesser figures close to either the conservatives or the socialists (or sometimes both) are also facing trial or have already been convicted.


The main reasons of causing disasters and the ice-snow hazard characteristics of bamboo forest stand in Jiangxi were determined.The disaster grade of living bamboo and stands were classificated.The related technical measure such as cleaning,cultivating and reconstruction etc.were put forward.Therefore,some related suggestions for promoting the bamboo industry development were proposed.


Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for additional autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A large amount of research reveals deficits in emotion-related processes that are relevant to social cognition in ASD. However, studies on the structure and level of emotional development (ED) assessing emotional maturity according to the normative trajectory in typically developing children are scares. The level of ED can be evaluated by the 'Scheme of Appraisal of Emotional Development' (SAED), a semi-structured interview with a close caregiver. The SAED assesses the level of emotional developmental based on a five stage system in 10 domains, for example, 'interaction with peers' or 'object permanence', which are conducive to the overall emotional developmental level. This study examined the ED as measured by the SAED in 289 adults (mean age: 36 years) with ID with and without additional ASD. A lower level in ED was observed in ASD/ID combined that corresponded to the ED of typically developing children aged 1.5–3 years versus an ED with a corresponding age of 3–7 years in ID individuals without ASD. Moreover, distinct strengths in 'object permanence', and weaknesses in 'interaction', 'verbal communication', 'experience of self', 'affect differentiation', 'anxiety', and 'handling of material objects' led to a characteristic pattern of ED in ASD. SAED domains with highest discriminative power between ID individuals with and without ASD (5/10) were used to predict ASD group membership. The classification using a selection of SAED domains revealed a sensitivity of 77.5% and a specificity of 76.4%. ASD risk increased 2.7-fold with every SAED level. The recognition of delayed and uneven pattern of ED contributes to our understanding of the emotion-related impairments in adults with ID and ASD these individuals. Assessment of intra-individual ED could add value to the standard diagnostic procedures in ID, a population at risk for underdiagnosed ASD.


To improve the communication quality in large-scale network communications,a new MANET routing protocols is introduced,which is based on P2P computing model——SPDSR(structured peer computing based dynamic source routing)[1].According to the feature of MANET and P2P,the feasibility and principle of moving structured P2P overlay network is given to MANET route,and then this algorithm is designed and implemented.The new protocol is put into simulation and it is compared with DSR in NS-2.The simulation results show that the new protocol gets better performance than DSR and it has high expan-dability.The research provides a feasible solution to improve communication quality in large-scale network.


We investigate the electrical switching of charge and spin transport in a topological insulator nanoconstriction in a four terminal device. The switch of the edge channels is caused by the coupling between edge states which overlap in the constriction and by the tunneling effects at the contacts and therefore can be manipulated by tuning the applied voltages on the split-gate or by geometrical etching. The switching mechanism can be conveniently studied by electron interferometry involving the measurements of the current in different configurations of the side gates, while the applied bias from the external leads can be tuned to obtain pure charge or pure spin currents (charge- and spin- bias configurations). Relevant signatures of quantum confinement effects, quantum size effects and energy gap are evident in the Fabry-Perot physics of the device allowing for a full characterization of the charge and spin currents. The proposed electrical switching behavior offers an efficient tool to manipulate topological edge state transport in a controllable way.


In vitro embryo culturing has arisen as a powerful tool for embryo germination of low-viability seeds. This tool has been used to germinate seeds of early-maturing or hybrid Prunus species. 'Myrobalan' (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) is a widely used rootstock for plum and apricot cultivars and its interspecific hybrids have a clear potential for breeding purposes. However, early seed abortion is often a problem in interspecific crosses because no protocol has been established yet for 'Myrobalan' seeds. In this work, we developed a procedure for in vitro germination of embryos of different sizes. Various factors affecting embryo germination such as the culture media, the presence of cotyledons, the stratification temperature, and the embryo size were tested in three different 'Myrobalan' clones. The developed protocol includes the use of full embryos that were stratified at 4 8C and cultured in C2d culture medium. The germination rate was strongly affected by the embryo size and reached 90% germination with interme- diate- to large-sized embryos (6.5 to 10 mm). However, smaller embryos could also be germinated, and up to 30% germination was achieved with 0.5- to 2-mm long embryos. The results obtained here provide a protocol for in vitro germination of 'Myrobalan' embryos that will likely be helpful in breeding programs.


For some industrial production processes, deep fault can be detected by data mining and data analytics of the process data. This can help to get a higher level of production quality. Anomaly detection of bolt tightening process was studied in this paper. Imbalanced data set is the main difficulty in this problem. An improved synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm is proposed based on density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). By oversampling within-class imbalanced samples, the improved SMOTE algorithm can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional SMOTE method and can retain more sample features. As for the model feature extraction and classification, the sample classifier is trained by the Xgboost algorithm. An Experiment is carried out on a factory's real data set, which shows that the improved SMOTE algorithm can help to achieve great classification performance promotion.


The BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene programme reached 150 upazilas in collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh since 2006. This study assessed the changes in the use of tubewell water and water safety measures in the households in the 11 upazilas of Bangladesh after BRAC WASH interventions.The study revealed that water safety measures including awareness of cleaning/purifying water and hygienic management of water increased significantly (p


Background: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in asthma is thought to be a consequence of underlying airway inflammation. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between blood eosinophil inflammatory markers and bronchial responsiveness to both methacholine and adenosine 5`-monophosphate (AMP) in atopic children with mild to moderate asthma. Method: Ninety-eight atopic children with mild to moderate asthma were included. Methacholine, and AMP bronchial challenges were performed, and blood eosinophil count and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level were measured. Correlations between PC20 to both broncho-constrictor agents and blood eosinophil count or serum ECP levels were assessed. Result: Ninety-five (95.9%) and 92 (93.9%) of 98 subjects showed hyperreactivity to methacholine (PC20<16 mg/mL) and AMP (PC20<200 mg/mL), respectively. There was a significant association between methacholine PC20 and AMP PC20 (r=0.506, P<0.001). AMP PC20 was significantly correlated with blood eosinophil count and serum ECP level (r=-0.386, P<0.001; r=-0.246, P<0.05, respectively). However, this significant association was not found between methatholine PC20 and blood eosinophil count or serum ECP level. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only the blood eosinophil count was significantly associated with AMP PC20. Conclusion: AMP PC20 seems to be more closely related to serum eosinophilic inflammatory markers than methacholine PC20. This result suggests that AMP PC20 is a very useful tool for evaluating eosinophilic inflammation in atopic asthma children. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;26:52-58)


This paper introduces the technological process and construction technologies of cold bonding construction of JS waterproof roll roofing,summarizes advantages of the cold bonding waterproof technology,and illustrates materials,machinery equipment,labor organization and quality inspection requirements,in order to popularize the technology.


The aim of this paper is to construct a new $\Omega-spectrum $ associated with infinite symmetric product functor of connected CW-complexes and their application to cohomology theory.\\ In this paper we studies all cohomology operation for the cohomology theory associated with new $\Omega$-spectrum.\\More precisely we prove that:\\i) the abelian group of all cohomology operations of degree k for the cohomology theory $H^*(\hspace{6pt};\underline{A})$ is isomorphic to the group $H^{n+k}(SP^{\infty}(\Sigma^n Y);\underline{A})$ ; and \\ii) the graded abelian group of all stable cohomology operations of degree k for the cohomology theory $H^*(;\underline{A})$ is isomorphic to the group $ \varprojlim H^{n+k}(SP^{\infty}(\Sigma^n Y);


Backgroung/Aim. Since combining conventional drugs with herbal medicinal products is in current research focus and possible of great interest as therapy improvement way, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of well- established antiatherosclerotic drug atorvastatin (CAS num- ber 134523-00-5) and commercially available artichoke leaf tincture (ALTINC), used as combined therapy, as well as to compare effects of these two treatments separately. Meth- ods. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: the group I (the control group of rats fed with standard diet during 11 weeks), and the remaining 4 groups of rats (II, III, IV and V) fed with standard diet during the first week and then with hypercholesterolemic diet during the next 10 weeks. The group II of rats were left without treatment, while in the groups III, IV and V were rats treated per os with atorvastatin (1.15 mg/kg body wright − b.w.), ALTINC (0.1 mL/kg b.w.) and their combination in same doses, respectively, for the last six weeks. Results. The cho- lesterol rich diet led to pronounced hyperlipidemia which could not be overcame with the therapy. However, the ther- apy showed positive effects on abdominal aorta wall thick- ness and parameters of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde − MDA, proxidative-antioxidative balance − PAB) and anti- oxidative protection (reduced glutathione − GSH, paraox- anase 1 − PON1, superoxide dismutase − SODA SH groups), especially ALTINC was successful in oxidative status improvement. Conclusion. Separate treatments comparison showed that artichoke leaf tincture is very po- tent antioxidant with beneficial effects in early stages of atherosclerosis. Since atorvastatin and constituents of ALTINC probably have different mechanisms of action, simultaneous use of both therapies could be beneficial but should be further investigated since our results showed that ALTINC is less effective when used in combination with atorvastatin.


This study examines the relationship between financial development, income inequality and poverty reduction in a sample of 48 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, observed during the 1980-2017 period. The results indicate that financial development, when proxied by private sector credit and liquid liabilities, reduces poverty. The results are mixed for the Claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector by the Central Bank. On the other hand, the results of the direct and cross-estimates showed a positive and significant effect of income inequality on poverty. We conclude that income inequality is such large that a larger proportion of the population is impoverished and the poverty gap is widening further. Moreover, income inequality seems to slow down the positive effects of financial development on poverty reduction. The findings allow us to recommend that monetary and public authorities in SSA countries support the development of the financial sector, particularly banks, encourage financial institutions to channel financial resources to the poor but with income-generating initiatives and enforce laws to control income inequality.


By using the unique continuation principle for linear elliptic systems, we can simplify the proof of a recent variational maximum principle due to Alikakos and Fusco. At the same time, this approach allows us to relax an assumption from the latter reference.


At present, the cultivation of college mathematics major students' innovation ability is a hot topic. For realizing this aim, there have been many domestic pieces of researches in the past ten years. Through the literature analysis, this study finds that these researches have provided many insights on existing problems, training principles, and training measures. Existing problems are more affected by historical development and society. The training principles focus on the research of teacher teaching and student subjects. And many training measures are proposed. Many aspects such as the curriculum system, teaching content, teacher teaching process, student self-development, and school measures are mentioned, but there are fewer specific cases. The change of university students' own thoughts is a deep-level content. While the existing research mainly focuses on the changes in external conditions, there is less research on their internal thoughts. So there are many problems yet are needed to be considered in the future.


In this report we describe the enzyme inhibitory, antiviral and pharmacokinetic properties of CGP 57813 and CGP 61755, structural analogues of CGP 53437 that were synthesized in an attempt to obtain human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors with improved selectivity and oral bioavailability. CGP 57813 inhibited HIV-1 protease with an IC50 of 11 nM (similar to CGP 53437). CGP 61755, on the other hand, was c.a. 10-fold more potent (IC50 = 1 nM; similar to saquinavir and indinavir). The selectivity profile of CGP 57813 was comparable to that of CGP 53437 while CGP 61755 clearly had improved selectivity for HIV-1 protease over human aspartic proteases. All three compounds had similar antiviral activity in HIV-1/MN infected MT-2 cells; ED50s were c.a. 5 nM and ED90s were 30 nM. Compared to CGP 53437, both CGP 57813 and CGP 61755 had markedly better bioavailability in mice after oral administration in a DMSO-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin formulation. However, when CGP 57813 was administered in a sesame oil-based formulation to either mice or dogs no useful plasma concentrations could be measured. In contrast, CGP 61755 was clearly bioavailable in dogs after oral administration of the compound in the same formulation; 1.2 g per dog resulted in a mean AUC0-8 h = 21.06 ± 3.53 μM.h, a mean Cmax = 4.8 ± 0.52 μM and compound was detectable for at least 8 h after administration. The potent antiviral activity of CGP 61755 together with improved selectivity and oral bioavailability holds promise for efficacy in AIDS therapy.


The research aims to increase customer buying interest through personal selling. Interest in buying insurance in Indonesia is low because there is no trust in insurance. To increase customer trust, direct interaction is needed. Interaction is manifested in Service Quality and Social Interaction. The object of research is PT Prudential Life Assurance. The research uses a quantitative approach through statistical testing. The test was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the help of AMOS 26. The research respondents were 160 who were active customers. The results showed that there was an effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention, Social Interaction on Customer Trust, and Customer Trust on Purchase Intention. By providing the services needed by customers, it will increase buying interest, because there is satisfaction with the agent's performance, so that it can increase buying interest. Meanwhile, the relationship of Social Interaction to Purchase Intention was re-measured using multiple linear regression and showed that the structural dimension and cognitive dimension had a relationship with Purchase Intention. It can be said that more interaction is needed that focuses on building relationships so as to create trust that will affect customer buying interest.


Abstract Background Restrictive atrial septal defect (ASD) is described as risk factor for Norwood procedure because of elevated pulmonary resistance. We hypothesized that it invariably could not cause pulmonary hypertension, unless it was combined with mitral valve or aortic valve atresia. We investigated how restrictive ASD influenced survival of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who underwent Norwood operation. Patients and Methods A total of 118 HLHS patients who underwent surgery between January 2005 and December 2012 were grouped into three groups. Group 1 included 31 patients with restrictive ASD combined with mitral or aortic atresia; Group 2 composed of 12 patients with restrictive ASD and mitral and aortic stenosis; Group 3 (n = 75) had no ASD restriction. Survival was determined for each group. Multivariate analysis was conducted to test risk factors for mortality. Results Mean follow-up was 26.3 ± 24.1 months. Survival was 78.7% ± 4.2% at 30-month interval and onward after Norwood procedure for the whole cohort; it was 43.8% ± 10.0%, 91.7% ± 8.0%, and 77.3% ± 5.0% for Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The difference was significant between Group 1 and Group 2 and 3: p < 0.001. Survival was similar for Group 2 and Group 3: p = 0.45. Combination of restrictive ASD and mitral or aortic atresia was found to be the sole risk factor for early and late mortality (odds ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–7.1, p < 0.001). Conclusion Restrictive ASD only affects survival of HLHS patients following Norwood procedure if it is associated with mitral or aortic atresia.


The aim of the intermittent control is to increase the global efficiency of Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) and its power converter in automotive applications. However, the SRM is characterized by torque ripple which could affect the driving experience and needs to be minimized. This paper analyses the torque pulsation impact of the intermittent control on the SRM in electric vehicle and proposes different sliding strategies of this control to reduce such impact. This is done by analyzing the electromagnetic torque and the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle given by a particular electric vehicle drivetrain.


The present invention relates to freely adjust the transmission rate of growth factors associated with bone regeneration, in particular it can be applied to a dental or orthopedic bone tissue filled with bone regeneration material mediator of growth factors. In the present invention, for adjusting a hyaluronic acid hydrogel pore distribution rate of transfer mediator growth factor formed by the interconnected and distributed between the calcium phosphate microspheres of hyaluronic acid hydrogel forming pores . Having pores of transmission line with a growth factor and calcium phosphate microspheres into the interstice crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogel, thereby forming a transfer body.


This note extends the superset method for sparse signal recovery from bandlimited measurements to the two-dimensional case. The algorithm leverages translation-invariance of the Fourier basis functions by constructing a Hankel tensor, and identifying the signal subspace from its range space. In the noisy case, this method determines a superset which then needs to undergo pruning. The method displays reasonable robustness to noise, and unlike ℓ1 minimization, always succeeds in the noiseless case.


Widening participation within higher education and increasing social mobility have been high on the agendas of former and current governments. This paper examines the admissions procedure of a Foundation degree in Early Years programme using Bourdieu's concept of capital as a vehicle for analysis. During the process of an admissions interview, the interviewer is required to make decisions regarding a student's suitability to fit into the existing field of the programme as they often feel it is outside of their position. The stories of three non-traditional students are explored to highlight existing capital and dispositions that they bring to the programme. Research findings showed that there are many variables that impact on a student's ability to gain entry and be successful on an HE programme, including accumulation of capital, emotional drivers and potential to acquire capital throughout the programme.


ABSTRACT To determine whether transport coefficients in desorption curves for northern red oak are constant, four sets of desorption data were compared against previously established mathematical conditions for infinite-series solution of the non-steady-state diffusion equation. For each data set, when moisture fraction in wood is above a certain value, designated as the first stage, these conditions are satisfied, with the diffusion and surface emission coefficients being positive and finite; below that value, designated as the second stage, these conditions are still satisfied, with the diffusion coefficient taking a smaller positive value but the surface emission coefficient becoming negative and finite. Mathematically, these two pairs of transport coefficients can be used to predict the whole diffusion curve that describes the variation of moisture fraction with time. However, the negative surface emission coefficient in the second stage of the desorption process implies that the moisture gradient has...


In this study, the effect of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) on the acoustic properties and clay dispersion of polypropylene (PP)/wood flour (WF) composites was investigated. To meet this objective, the blend composites were prepared through the melt mixing of PP/WF at 50% weight ratios, with various amounts of OMMT (0, 3, and 6 per hundred compounds (phc)) in hake internal mixer then the samples made by injection molding. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 2 phc for all formulations. The acoustic properties such as speed of sound propagation, time of sound propagation, and sound energy absorbance were evaluated. Results indicated that the time of sound propagation and sound energy absorbance of composites increased with increase in OMMT. However, the speed of sound propagation decreased with the increase in OMMT loading. Also, the biggest improvement of the tensile modulus can be achieved for the nanoclay loading at 3 phc. X-Ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanocomposites formed were intercalated. Also, morphological findings showed that samples containing 3 phc of OMMT had higher order of intercalation.


Naive bayesian algorithm is a simple and effective classification algorithm,but its attribute independence hypothesis,influence its classification performance.According to this problem,the paper proposes a kind of attribute reduction based on PLS weighted simple bayesian classification algorithm.This algorithm firstly analyzes the relationship between attribute,through attribute reduction choose a set of approximate independent attribute reduction subset,put forward the improvement of the partial least-squares regression weighted simple bayesian classification algorithm,experimental results show that the improved algorithm has higher classification accuracy.And the improved algorithm is applied to slop identification.


Background/Aim: The British questionnaire ECLiPS (Evaluation of Children's Listening and Processing Skills; Barry & Moore, 2015) aims to profile listening difficulties in children. The questionnaire consists of 38 statements, divided into five subscales, and a short survey with six questions about general health. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children diagnosed with Developmental Phonological Disorder (DPD) in their preschool years (3-6 years of age) show listening difficulties in early school years (7-10 years). Methods: 113 guardians of children with Developmental Phonological Disorder (DPD) and 44 guardians of typically developing (TD) Swedish children participated in the study. Comparisons were made between the Swedish TD-group and the English reference (ER) group presented in the ECLiPS technical manual. Mean scores between the DPD-group and the TD-group were compared, as well as were the responses on the short survey. The groups were categorized by age and gender. Results: In general, high consistency was found between the ERand TD-group in half of the comparisons; 7-, 9and 10-year-old boys and 8-year-old girls. The DPD-group tended to show more symptoms of listening difficulties than the TD-group. However, the symptoms varied in relation to age and gender. For example, girls in the DPD-group had more symptoms in younger than in older ages. The short survey revealed that the DPD-group had a higher prevalence of ear infections than the TD-group. The difficulties seen in the DPD-group were most profound in statements concerning language, literacy and laterality. Conclusion: Our results indicate that listening difficulties as measured with the ECLiPS are more common in children diagnosed with DPD in preschool years, than typically developing children. The strongest indication for difficulties is seen in the statements regarding language and literacy.


The electrical equipment short trouble is quite common,accounts for the proportion in the electrical equipment accident to be biggest,the initiation other electrical failure are also most,the harm is biggest.Therefore it is necessary to make the analysis and the research to the electrical equipment short trouble, enhances us to process the short trouble ability.


The Burden of tax and fee is a very important problem in rural economic development. It is connected to hackle the relations between government and peasant. The sensitivity of the peasant on burden of tax and fee was analyzed before and after reforming of rural tax and fee in Shanxi. It is found that the peasant approves of the new rural tax policy and very hope to put it in practice. In the rural area tried out new tax and fee, the degree of burden is considered to light in two pole of income of household, but it is considered to heavy in the middle-income household. It shows that the reform of rural tax and fee may certainly endow lower income household with good life chance, but the effect of policy is not evidently to weaken the unbalance of rural economic development and to push peasant co-richness wealth