Estimation of spatial correlations should be an integral part of objective analysis of geophysical variables. However, a statistical assessment of spatial correlations has been absent from studies of objective analysis of snow depth since its debut over 2 decades ago. We show a method for computing regional spatial correlations of observed snow depth and the daily snow depth increment and fitting them to correlation functions to estimate the correlation scale parameters. Both horizontal and vertical distance correlations are computed from station observations over a well sampled part of North America. The vertical and horizontal distance correlations are fitted to exponential functions using the least square method to estimate the correlation scale parameters including the amplitude, which represents short distance correlation. Our assessment suggests a large horizontal e-folding correlation scale for both the observed snow depth and the daily increment, with implications for improving predictions in poorly monitored areas with relatively flat topography. Over mountainous terrain, vertical e-folding correlation scale for observed snow depth is much smaller than that for the daily snow depth increment and for the snow depth increment used in operational snow analyses. That means that optimal interpolation-based analysis of the increments may be more accurate than the interpolation of snow depth data.


According to the design of swept signal source with embedded system,a TFT-LCD chromatic display system was designed based on S3C4510B target board,IS2102B and IS2202.The function and feature of IS2102B and IS2202 was presented in detail.The hardware interface circuit of TFT-LCD was designed.The process of adding a new driver in ucLinux operating system and how to access the frame Buffer was also introduced. This display system has tailorable hardware and software.A universal method was given for exploiting nicer man-machine operation interface for embedded instrument.


Abstract : The particular features which must be considered when sensing arctic regions from space platforms include a generally dry atmosphere, thin and low water content clouds which often cover large areas, a highly reflective snow or ice background in the visible spectrum, and weak thermal contrast between snow and cloud in the thermal infrared spectrum. In recent years, more attention has been given to the problem of identifying clouds in arctic regions. An investigation of operational cloud analysis programs for arctic regions has been initiated; results from this study have shown that clouds are often specified in regions which turn out to be generally cloud-free and vice versa. Some possible reasons for this error will be presented. Results of discriminating clouds from a snow background using multi spectral visible and near Infrared sensors will also be given. A new Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) operating at four frequencies from 19 to 85 GHz is designed to provide estimates of several surface and atmospheric characteristics. Several parameters which will be estimated from SSM/I data are of particular interest to arctic regions. These include snow parameters, sea ice attributes, cloud amount over snow, cloud liquid water content, soil moisture, and land surface temperature. As an example of parameter retrieval from SSM/I data, the basis for estimating cloud amount over a snow surface will be discussed. Retrieval algorithms have been developed which lead to temperature profiles on a global scale. In addition, a microwave system operating in the 183 GHz water absorption band is being developed which will provide estimates of water vapor profiles.


In June 1986 a Conference was convened in Philadelphia, USA at which current research concerning the solvency of insurance companies was discussed. The Conference was distinctive in its international coverage and its multidisciplinary nature. Papers were presented from the perspective of accountants, actuaries and economists and the subject was approached from a wide variety of angles. In the light of the success of this Conference, the convenors felt that there would be interest in and support for further Conferences specializing in solvency research at suitable intervals. The Second International Conference on Insurance Solvency was organized, therefore, to take place in Brighton on 25-27 May 1988. There were 59 participants, from 13 countries. A full programme of 7 sessions was arranged, at which 15 papers were presented. The Conference was sponsored by 16 companies, firms and organizations, who contributed over £ 15,000 for the purpose of underwriting the travel expenses of those who would otherwise have found it difficult to attend the meeting. The availability of these funds enabled a good number of overseas participants to attend. A major benefit of the Conference was to bring together academic researchers and pratically-orientated actuaries and others to discuss the latest developments in research related to insurance solvency. Much attention has been paid in the United States of America in recent years to the use of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Option Pricing Models in determining fair rates of return for pricing purposes and in examining capital structures and requirements. These ideas are not familiar to most actuaries, nor do they have the same currency in Europe and elsewhere in the world. However, leading exponents of these ideas were able to present them at the Conference and allow them to be subjected to informed discussion. D'ARCY and GARVEN (1988), and also VENEZIAN (1988), presented some practical results of the experience over recent years of using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in premium rating. CUMMINS (1988) presented the latest type of model to emerge from the CAPM stable, which uses stochastic diffusion processes. This is a similar approach to that used in BLACK and SCHOLES (1973), where the theory of option pricing was first presented. Whereas CAPM models tend to assume that the risk of default by the insurance company is negligible, diffusion-based models permit the risk of default to be taken into account directly. CUMMINS (1988) looked at the general question of the capital structure of an insurance company and the implications that this has for the determination of fair profits. Another interesting area of development amongst financial economists is looking at ways of modelling the demand side of insurance purchasing. DOHERTY and SCHLESINGER (1988) examined how the risk of default of an


HOMICIDAL poisoning means killing human beings by poison. It may be accidental, suici dal or murder. The reason or motive for the killing makes no difference to the analyst when he receives a collection of viscera for analysis, but with accident and suicide he may be given much more information as to the nature of the poison than in a case of murder. Judging from the number of prosecutions, the number of murders by poisoning is very small, but there is some doubt as to whether some cases are missed. By its very nature a successful murder by poisoning is one that is not recognised as a crime and the body is buried without suspicions being roused. This is the case where the words "crime detec tion " have their true meaning, for unless the death is detected as a crime it will not be investigated. The serious view taken of murder by poisoning is revealed by the tradi tion that in such cases the prosecution is led by a Law Officer of the Crown. Murder by poisoning is usually premeditated and requires access to the poison and the opportunity to administer it. This raises two questions: (1) What is a poison? (2) How can it be administered? One definition of a poison, given in his book by Professor Camps, your Secretary-General, is "any substance which when absorbed into the living body in sufficient quantity will cause ill-health, disease or death." This is an all-embracing definition and includes many substances which the layman would not con sider poisonous. For example, we heard yester day how several babies died as a result of common salt being used in their feeding bottles in mistake for sugar. We all know that you die as a result of drinking too much sea water if you are shipwrecked without pure


Ernest Amory Codman was an early orthopaedic surgeon and pioneer who proposed the End Results Idea in 1910 [5]. Codman's goal was to document, report, and study complications to predict and prevent these adverse outcomes. Unfortunately, being ahead of his time did not help Codman. He was ridiculed and ostracized by his colleagues, fell into poverty, and was buried in an unmarked grave outside Boston. Codman's work was unappreciated in his time but forms the basis of modern clinical outcomes research. Predictive analytics, as a subset of this field, continues with great vigor today. The Argument


The Snipe Lake Field represents a typical oil pool which was developed during the late 1950s and in operation through to present. The field was recently purchased by POCO Petroleums Ltd. and, as part of the acquisition, a framework was developed for conducting environmental assessments at both the existing and suspected historical facilities. The framework can be compared to a funnel with all of the sites from the Snipe Lake Field having phase 1 environmental assessments. During this phase, sites were identified as having potential areas of contamination which require additional investigations. Geophysical surveys were then utilized to determine the lateral and vertical extent of any areas of mappable contamination. The results of geophysical surveys identify those sites which require phase 2 environmental assessments and assist in the targeting of intrusive investigative measures at these sites. By presenting a review of the Snipe Lake Field utilizing specific case histories from the phase 1, geophysical and phase 2 assessments, the approach adopted by POCO Petroleums Ltd. results in an efficient and cost effective approach to the delineation of contaminants, while providing sufficient data to adequately budget for and design a reclamation program.


We use simultaneous electronic transport and optical characterization measurements to reveal new information about electronic and optical processes in nanoscale junctions fabricated by electromigration. Comparing electronic tunneling and photocurrents allows us to infer the optical frequency potential difference produced by the plasmon response of the junction. Together with the measured tunneling conductance, we can then determine the locally enhanced electric field within the junction. In similar structures containing molecules, anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman emission allow us to infer the effective local vibrational and electronic temperatures as a function of DC current, examining heating and dissipation on the nanometer scale.


The article is devoted to determining the adaptation level of the visual system to illumination in condition of changing the surrounding field brightness arising from the dynamic control of artificial lighting in industrial premises, as well as when controlling the brightness of modern displays' illumination. There is given a general idea of the visual system structure and retina properties and considered two consecutive mechanisms of adaptation to illumination. In the article an experimental calculation of determining the contrast threshold under conditions of complete adaptation is presented, the results of which allow us to conclude that there is no dependence of the color tone perception on brightness in a wide range of its measurements. The research materials can be used to create lighting control systems and select appropriate displays for operators of automated control systems in order to minimize the load on the organs of vision.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of dual-source dual-energy CT in myocardial perfusion imaging.Methods:Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in 30 subjects using second-generation dual-source CT.Two senior radiologists assessed the image quality of coronary arteries,perfusion distribution of iodine map of myocardium,and degree of coronary artery stenosis.Afterwards,the two physicians correlated the degree of coronary artery stenosis with the perfusion distribution of iodine map.Results:Coronary CTA image qualities of 30 subjects all met the needs of diagnosis.A total of 36 branches of coronary arteries in 19 cases in 30 subjects displayed different degrees of stenosis or occlusion.There were 22 branches with mild stenosis,6 branches with moderate stenosis,7 branches with severe stenosis,and 1 branch with subtotal block.Myocardial iodine maps from 30 cases of subjects could all be used for rating iodine distribution.In 510 segments of myocardium of left ventricular,21 segments(4.1%)got 0 point,75 segments(14.7%)got 1point,218 segments(42.7%)got 2 points,and 196 segments(38.4%)got 3 points.The ratios of the myocardium segments above 2 points,corresponding to mild,moderate,severe stenosis and occlusion,were 85.6%,76.7%,93.0%and 100.0% respectively.Conclusion:Dual-energy myocardial perfusion as a "one-stop" technology for combined evaluation of coronary artery and myocardial perfusion examination,provides a certain application possibility.At present,correction of all kinds of artifacts in dualenergy scanning to improve the consistency between myocardial perfusion and coronary artery stenosis degree is the key to promoting this modality in clinical practice.


We show that there is a unique maximal decomposition of a pure multi-partite (N>2) quantum state into a sum of states which are "locally orthogonal" in the sense that the local reduced state for a term in the sum lives in its own orthogonal subspace for each subsystem. Observers can make local measurements on any subsystem and determine which "branch" they are on. The Shannon entropy of the resulting branch weights defines a new measure of global, GHZ-like entanglement, which is insensitive to local pairwise entangling operations and vanishes when there is no piece of information recorded at every subsystem. In the bi-partite (N=2) case, this decomposition reduces to the (not necessarily unique) Schmidt decomposition and the entropy reduces to the entropy of entanglement


E-learning, which encompasses the use of technology and other computer enhanced learning methods, has been identified one way of delivering low cost and efficient education service in both developed and developing countries. These technologies have been adapted to support other methods of teaching in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). However, despite efforts by many HEIs to integrate e-learning in their teaching processes, many of them have not succeeded or they have not obtained benefits from the e-learning due to barriers that limit the integration process. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the integration of e-learning with other teaching methods. To achieve this, five Higher Education Institutions in Uganda were purposively identified to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to a sample of 341 students and staff from the selected HEIs. Quantitative statistics including means, frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the data. The main barriers to integration of e-learning were identified as lack of knowledge, lack of resources and staff failure to adapt to new teaching technologies. Key words: e-learning, e-learning integration, teaching methods, Uganda


In the face tracking process, if occlusion occurred, the search window of Camshift tracker would converge to a minimum and remain in a local area, thereby causing tracking failure. In this paper, we proposed a new tracking algorithm to overcome this problem by integrating the Camshift algorithm and alpha-beta-gamma filtering prediction. After obtaining the human face location in the first three frames by Camshift, we switch to initializing alpha-beta-gamma filter parameters, and estimate reference point of the face candidate in the next frame using alpha-beta-gamma filtering algorithm. In the absence of occlusion, the predicted point can be used as the initial iteration point by Camshift algorithm to reduce the number of iterations and achieve real-time performance; otherwise, the value obtained by alpha-beta-gamma filtering prediction will be used to replace the Camshift output to ensure the continuity of tracking. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.


The fracture properties of various grain boundaries in graphene are investigated using the cohesive zone method (CZM). Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted using REBO2+S potential in order to develop a cohesive zone model for graphene grain boundaries using a double cantilever bicrystalline graphene sheet. The cohesive zone model is used to investigate the traction–separation law to understand the separation-work and strength of grain boundaries.


Summary Peroneal reaction time was measured in two groups of patients with either acute or chronic unilateral instability of the ankle, both before and after treatment. Group A consisted of patients with chronic functional instability who were treated with surgical stabilization while Group B contained patients with acute functional instability who were treated with proprioceptive exercises. Statistical analysis of the electromyographic recordings taken from peroneus longus muscles of these patients showed longer mean peroneal reaction time before conservative or surgical treatment in both groups ( P P


A new type of weld-necked flange (WF) joint is presented in this paper. The flange neck of the new WF joint adopts an inner-slope section with a taper angle ranged from 20° to 25°, with the flange plate being thicker than the traditional WF joint. Compared to the traditional WF joint, the bolt cluster circle of the new WF joint is reduced relative to the steel tube wall. As a result, the effect of tensile load eccentricity on the steel bolts is significantly reduced. A series of dynamic tensile tests is conducted on the new WF joint. The stiffness of the flange plate is of importance to reduce the prying force for the new WF joint. The thickness of the flange plate, which is an important parameter for the new WF joint, is investigated to study the effects on the new WF joint's dynamic behavior. Meanwhile, the finite element model of the new WF joint is developed to study their dynamic tensile behavior. The finite element model is verified by experimental results and proved to be precise and reliable. Base on the finite element analysis, the dynamic stress distribution and contact pressure at typical locations of the new WF joints are better revealed. Afterwards, a simplified design model for the new WF joints under tensile force is proposed, which can meet the safety and economic requirements in practical engineering projects. Furthermore, the design model can provide valuable reference for the design of the new WF joints.


© 2014 IBRACON This paper presents the structural behavior of six reinforced concrete pile caps in rectangular arrangement, considering the ground deformability of pile support, different concrete strengths with square or rectangular cross section of column under central load. For this purpose, the analysis emphasizes a strut and tie method design and a three-dimensional numerical using the finite element method. So, the stress flow configuration and the formation of struts were seen in perspective. How much deformable is the ground, more uniform are the reactions distribution observed between the piles. The column cross section influenced the configuration of the connecting struts. The concrete strength variation had more influence in the pile caps strength than the stiffness. The analytical method has shown compatibility which obtained from the numerical simulation results.


The dynamics of urban development coupled with economic growth have contributed positively to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Optimizing the utilization and strengthening of the capacity of SMEs' human resources will encourage increased productivity of economic enterprises and the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to analyze (1) strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR) of small and medium enterprises to work as a determinant of increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and labor absorption; (2) the effect of strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR), business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and (3) optimizing the role of government in supporting business development, increasing productivity, business stability and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study uses a sequential explanatory design approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. Qualitative analysis in this study was carried out through a process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while the quantitative analysis in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that strengthening the capacity of human resources, coupled with the use of technology, and followed by diversification of business, had a positive contribution to increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, strengthening human resource capacity, business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification simultaneously have a positive and significant correlation to the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with a determination coefficient of 72.3%. This study recommends that government policy support through strengthening human resource capacity, increasing business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification have an impact on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City, Indonesia.


To order the complete compilation report, use: ADA402512 The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections f proceedings, annals, symposia, etc. However, the component should be considered within [he context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report. ABSTRACT Magnetization reversals in sputtered Co electrodes of a magnetic tunnel junction are studied using transport measurements, magneto-optic Kerr magnetometry and microscopy. Using the tunnel magneto-resistive effect as a probe for micromagnetic studies, we first evidence the existence of an unexpected domain structure in the soft Co layer. This domain structure originates from the duplication of the domain structure of the hard Co layer template into the soft layer via ferromagnetic inter-electrode coupling. A detailed analysis of the kerr microscopy images shows that all features appearing in the variation of tunnel resistance as a function of the applied field are associated to the domain phase evolution of each electrode. By tailoring the magnetic properties of the hard Co layer, we have demonstrated that the appearance of the domain duplication is driven by the magnetic anisotropy of the hard layer. Finally, a brief theoretical description of the domain duplication process allows us to extract the main parameters governing the effect.


The article is devoted to the design of parts of assembly units and the calculation of their technological potential. An effective means of increasing the productivity of engineering work is the introduction of all kinds of automatic design systems (CAD). In the criteria for the transition to the production of new products, ensuring mobility and constant modernization of manufacturing, the reduction of terms and the improvement of the quality of developments come to the fore. This means that the life cycle of the product must take the shortest time intervals.


The genus Triquetrorhabdulus was erected by MARTINI, 1965, for "three-edged rods, with pointed, rounded or truncated ends", T,carinatus was designated as the type species for Triquetrorhabdulus, Since then, several . other species have been assigned to Triquetrorhabdulus (Fig,l) and some have been removed again, as T.inversus BUKRY & BRAMLETTE, 1969, which was used to define a new genus, Pseudotriquetrorhabdulus in WISE & CONSTANS, 1976.


The results of deep long-slit optical spectroscopy for a sample of eight 6C radio galaxies at redshift z∼ 1 are presented. Emission-line ratios are derived for many emission lines with rest-frame wavelengths of 1500–4500 A and the kinematic properties of the emission-line gas are derived from an analysis of the two-dimensional structure of the [O ii] 3727-A emission line at ≈5 A spectral resolution.
In general, the 6C spectra display many characteristics similar to those of more powerful 3CR sources at the same redshifts. The emission-line region gas kinematics are more extreme for the smaller radio sources in the sample, which often display distorted velocity profiles. The ionization state of the emission-line region also varies with radio size: the spectra of large radio sources (>120 kpc) are consistent with photoionization by an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN), whilst smaller (<120 kpc) sources typically exist in a lower ionization state and have spectra that are better explained by additional ionization due to shocks associated with the expanding radio source. The kinematic and ionization properties of the 6C radio galaxies are clearly linked. As for the 3CR sources, smaller radio sources also typically possess more extensive emission-line regions, with enhanced emission-line luminosities. A high-velocity emission-line gas component is observed in 6C 1019+39, similar to that seen in 3C 265.
It is clear that the best interpretation of the spectra of radio sources requires a combination of ionization mechanisms. A simple model is developed, combining AGN photoionization with photoionization from the luminous shock associated with the expanding radio source. The relative contributions of ionizing photons from shocks and the central AGN to an emission-line gas cloud vary with radio source size and the position of the cloud. This model provides a good explanation for both the ionization properties of the emission-line regions and the radio size evolution of the emission-line region extents and luminosities.


Objective To investigate the state of depression and social support of inpatients with ovarian carcinoma,to know the main related influential factors of depression in the patients,and to provide the scientific evidence for making distinctive preventive measures for patients with ovarian carcinoma. Methods Totally 110 patients with ovarian carcinoma accepting chemistry treatment in Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital,the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,and Xiangya Hospital from November,2008 to February,2009 were selected by cluster sampling method.General data of the patients were collected by the self-made questionnaire,the depression state was measured by self-rating depression scale(SDS),and the situation of social support was measured by social support scale.Chi-square test,Rank sum test and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the influential factors of depression of patients with ovarian carcinoma,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related influential factors of depression of the patients. Results The incidence rate of depression of patients with ovarian carcinoma was 71.82%,in which mild degree,moderate degree,and severe degree were 38.18%,25.44%,and 8.20% respectively.The difference of depression of different age(P=0.00),different education level(P=0.00),different economic status(P=0.00),different frequency of chemotherapy(P=0.035),and different medical fee payment style(P=0.027) had statistical significance,while the difference of depression of different inhabitation area(P=0.021) and different profession(P=0.072) had no statistical significance.Subjective support(P0.01) and utilization degree of support(P0.01) exhibited a negative correlation with depression,and the difference of depression had statistical significance.Logistic regression analysis showed that utilization degree of support and subjective support were the protective factors,and the frequency of chemotherapy was possible risk factors. Conclusions Medical staff should pay attention to subjective support of patients,improve utilization degree of support,decrease side effects of chemotherapy,and therefore,the depression level of the patients is decreased and their mental health is improved.


Technological developments have a major impact on human life. The existence of machine translation is the result of technological advances to make it easier for humans to translate one language into another. This research focuses on the accuracy of google translate in translating burf ma'ani in Arabic. The corpus of data that is the object of this research is a number of texts such as in the book Dalilun fi Al-Tarjamah by DR. H. Rofi'i. The method used in this study is a qualitative method (qualitative method) by comparing the google translate translation with the translation according to Arabic rules. Data collected through library research (brary research). The results showed that in terms of accuracy of vocabulary and terms, google translate has a fairly good translation quality, both in terms of clarity and fairness of meaning. However, google translate is not able to convey ideas from the source language (SL) Arabic into the target language (TL). From these data it can be seen that google translate should not be used as a basis for translating Arabic texts into Indonesian, especially in translating the verses of the harfu Ma'aniy. A novice translator should choose a dictionary instead of using google translate for business and improve translation skills.


Depending on the operational environment, installation location, and aging of oil and gas pipelines, they are subject to various degradation mechanisms, such as cracking, corrosion, leaking, and thinning of the pipeline walls. Failure of oil and gas pipelines due to these degradation mechanisms can lead to catastrophic events, which, in the worst case, may result in the loss of human lives and huge financial losses. Traditionally, paper-and-pencil proof methods and Monte Carlo based computer simulations are used in the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines to identify potential threats and thus avoid unwanted failures. However, paper-and-pencil proof methods are prone to human error, especially when dealing with large systems, while simulation techniques primarily involve sampling-based methods, i.e., not all possible scenarios of the given systems are tested, which compromises the accuracy of the results. As an accurate alternative, we propose to use a higher-order-logic theorem proving for the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines. In particular, this paper presents the higher-order-logic formalization of commonly used reliability block diagrams (RBDs), such as series, parallel, series–parallel, and k-out-of-n, and provides an approach to utilize these formalized RBDs to assess the reliability of oil and gas pipelines. For illustration, we present a formal reliability analysis of a pipeline transportation subsystem used between the oil terminals at the Port of Gdynia, Poland, and Dębogórze.


The definition of contaminant source release is a necessary element of contaminant mass transport simulation in the saturated zone. At many sites the release history is unknown, and there has been a significant body of research to develop inverse models to define finite release histories. Instead of rigorously defining the source history, a mass balance-based approach is tested to explicitly account for uncertainty in rectangular pulse release variables. The approach has been incorporated into a spreadsheet model which uses a one-dimensional solution to the advection dispersion equation, which readily lends itself to Monte Carlo applications. After the model was tested with synthetic data sets, the model was calibrated and verified using a concentration data set collected at a Superfund site. Model calibration with synthetic and actual data resulted in a reasonable domain of source history parameters and the model provided reasonable results when the mass of contaminant in the aquifer was assumed to be ra...


The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects that neighbourhoods hâve upon pupil achievement in the Outaouais région. The objective is to détermine which démographie characteristics hâve an impact on grade 10 and 11 student achievement. Neighbourhoods were assessed using basic démographie characteristics; they were also classified into various neighbourhood types using status indicators such as socioeconomic position and various familial and linguistic characteristics. Neighbourhood types were then analysed in terms of student ù u i u u i duilit/v oi i iCiit , a ixu u iCn iC~tu.ia.j.yo^/u., c u i i i n j i n i i c , iwi i l i^ ^ n v u u \JX u-CIiiw^icApiii^


In this paper, we use the observations of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and Xray surface brightness to reconstruct the radial profiles of gas temperature and density under the assumption of spherically symmetric distribution of gas. The reconstruction method, firstly raised by Silk & White (1978), is directly dependent on the experimental measurements of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray surface brightness. There is no need to incorporate additional assumptions such as the equation of state of gas or the hydrostatic equilibrium conditions. The method is applied on the cluster RX J1347.5-1145, which has both the SunyaevZel'dovich effect and X-ray observations with relative high precision. It is shown that it will be an effective method to get the gas distribution information in the galaxy cluster. The statistical errors of the derived temperature and density profiles of gas are estimated according to the observational uncertainties. Subject headings: cosmic microwave background—cosmology: theory—galaxies: clusters: general—X-rays: galaxies


A newly designed diagnostic robot, Mark II, basically consisting of three modules with a joint between modules has capabilities of straight and spiral movement along the outside of pipelines, and of freely passing over obstacles such as flanges, T-joints and other plant equipment by sensing and recognizing obstacles in from of it; and of controlling its attitude automatically. By calculating the position and orientation of the robot using a transformation matrix, a method of motion control in the passing of T-joints is shown. A method of compensating for the torque generated by gravitational forces is also applied for each module, independently, to keep the holding torque constant, which leads to less vibrations in movement and, hence, yields better diagnostic results. The Mark II equipped with diagnosis sensors can identify the location and depth of flaws on the surface by inspecting pipelines in the spiral-moving mode. The Mark II also has intelligent abilities, such as routing the most efficient path for inspection in plants, provided a plant map has been previously furnished.


Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a nonconventional low‐cost method of newborn care. Our aim was to assess the effect of sustained KMC on the growth and development of low birthweight Indian babies up to the age of 12 months.


Technology has changed the way people live, from use of the Internet to the way they communicate with text messages and e-mails. This change is also evident in education system. This study traced how principals' leadership roles have changed in the school setting because digital natives and society in general have become technologically savvy. The findings for this study were generated from interviews and observations of high school principals. This qualitative research study revealed that administrators are apprehensive about social media in the classroom and that they need to become more familiar with this to better implement technology effectively in the classroom. To ease their apprehension, principals need to change their ways of thinking about social media's use. st digital educational environment.


A regular meeting of the General Council of Urantia Brotherhood was held at 5:l5 P. M., January 22, 1961, at 533 Diversey Parkway, Chicago 14, Illinois. The following members were present, constituting a quorum: Russell W. Bucklin, Ruth F. Burton, Arthur M. Burch, E. L. Christensen, Edith E. Cook, Philip A. Copenhaver, Jr., Albert H. Dyon, Everett M. Farwell, Mary Lou Hales, Thomas A. Kendall, Alvin L. Kulieke, Edmond F. J. Kulieke, Warren H. Kulieke, Alfred Leverenz, James C. Mills, Ernest C. Pritchard, Anna Rawson, Marian T. Rowley, Leone M. Sadler, William S. Sadler, Meredith J. Sprunger, Helen C. Carlson, Thomas E. Wideroe. The following members were absent: Cathryn Adler, David Adler, Clyde Bedell, Floyd S. Bordsen, Robert Burton, Ruth R. Carothers, Luther J. Evans, Lee Miller Jones, William S. Sadler, Jr., Sylvia B. Sunderland, Anna K. Whitchurch, Mrs. Anna B. Kellogg, deceased . This meeting was called to order by the President, Warren H. Kulieke, with Anna Rawson acting as secretary. The minutes of the regular annual meeting of January 24, 1960, were read and approved. The Secretary gave the census reports from the five Urantia Societies: First Urantia Society, Chicago 141 Second Urantia Society, Chicago 10 Urantia Society of Glenwiew 21 The West Coast Urantia Society (The First Urantia Society of Los Angeles, California) 19 First Urantia Society\Oklahoma 31 222 The Secretary also reported on the members-at-large, now 5 in number. Upon motion duly made, seconded, and carried, the meeting was recessed for an informal discussion of business and problems. The annual reports of the Committee Chairmen were read and may be summarized as follow:


1. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma angiotensin I concentration (ANG I), plasma angiotensinogen concentration (PAC) and the plasma levels of active, total and inactive renin (prorenin) were measured in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute renal failure. Rats were treated with a single oral dose of CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg) and killed 1, 2, 3 and 7 days later.


FOM is a generally accepted performance and efficiency indicator for power MOSFETs. However, it is found that the traditional FOM can no longer provide a quick measure of the overall device performance for switched mode power supplies, especially for DC-DC converters using the low voltage (sub-lOV) power MOSFETs fabricated in a deep sub-micron CMOS technology. To give a subjective analysis, a new comparison method has been proposed to compare the true overall device performance and power conversion efficiency.


A simple model of multiple filamentation of single femtosecond laser pulses in LiF was obtained on the basis of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The results of a computer simulation were compared with experimentally observed fluorescent traces of filaments in LiF.


Despite the success of central nervous system (CNS) directed therapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapse involving the CNS continues to be observed in 5–10% of children when utilizing standard intrathecal prophylactic chemotherapy. While most pediatric ALL treatment protocols mandate regular lumbar punctures (LP) for the intrathecal injection of chemotherapy, the value of routine cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during therapy is unknown. Our objective was to assess the diagnostic value of routine CSF analysis during ALL therapy.


BACKGROUND
Leuconostoc spp. are vancomycin resistant Gram positive lactobacilli. Little is known about their significance in transplant recipients.

CASE REPORT
A 64-year-old female liver transplant recipient developed Leuconostoc sepsis originating from a bile leak after extended exposure to vancomycin. The infection was readily controlled clindamycin, however, the patient died later on unrelated to the infection. Five articles on Leuconostoc infections in transplant patients were found in PubMed including two liver recipients with intraabdominal infection due to biliary complications and four stem cell recipients with sepsis.

CONCLUSIONS
Leuconostoc spp. should be considered pathogens in transplant recipients who are exposed to vancomycin.


Summary Tracheal neoplasms occur infrequently, the majority of primary tracheal tumours in adults are malignant, and in 40% of cases it is adenoid cystic carcinoma, which can be asymptomatic for a long period of time. Surgical treatment can be justified even in advanced disease, because progression of tracheal tumour usually causes obstruction of airways. Improved long-term outcome seems to follow combined surgical resection and full-dose radiotherapy. Patients after resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma need careful and long-term observations to detect a relapse


Cooperative communication in VANET has become the de-facto in enabling technology to improve safety and efficiency on inter-vehicle communication (IVC). The safety related messages broadcast on emergency must have a minimum delay and high reliability. This paper proposes a cross-layer approach to efficiently broadcast the safety messages by minimizing the message redundancy and maintaining low end-to-end communication delays. We propose a scheme to select a one-hop neighbor relay as a potential forwarder for relaying the broadcast messages to improve the transmission reliability in a platoon of vehicles. The relay selection metrics compose of vehicular density, velocity, and the geographical location. The selected relay controls the broadcast messages with minimum overhead and with minimum bandwidth consumption. Similarly, a multimedia emergency message needs high priority with a shorter transmission delay. To provide the service differentiation to different traffic classes, we adopt 802.11e MAC. The cross layer is further extended to the transport layer to dynamically adapt the data transmission rate based on the physical channel state. The extensive simulation analysis conducted reveals that the proposed cross-layer scheme effectively propagates the critical broadcast messages with lesser packet latency and higher packet delivery ratio.


Ga-soc-MOF hollow cubes with an average size of about 300 nm were prepared by a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assisted acid etching process. Colloidosomes with sizes of around 5-10 μm composed of single-layer tetrakaidecahedron building blocks (BBs) were synthesized for the first time. Au@Ga-soc-MOF nanocomposites with excellent catalytic properties were obtained.


In this paper, we investigate the pertinence and the relevance of the modeling of proactive routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) under the OMNeT++ simulator. In such dynamic networks, the constantly changing topology affects the validity of the established routes as time elapses farther from the start of the routing period. In OMNeT++, as is indeed the case of all the other network simulators, the IP model forecasts an IP packet as soon as it receives an upper layer data unit from the upper layer independently of when this packet will effectively be sent by the lower layer (i.e., the underlying MAC). As such, delayed packets will wander through established invalid routes which will amount to poor performances. We first investigate the inherent functioning of the OMNeT++ simulator and exhibit its modeling drawbacks. Then, we propose practical enhancements to accommodate a proper modeling of dynamic networks that provides a priority treatment to control traffic and fills up the IP next hop field only when the MAC is ready to handle the packet. We conducted an extensive set of simulations to compare both implementations using different load and mobility scenarios and performance metrics. These simulations show that our proposal resolves the malfunctioning of current implementations, yet it allows more accurate network performances.


This paper analyses the inspection in Sado Island (Japan, September 8-13, 2014) with the scientific
staff Niitaga's Prefecture, World Heritage Inscription Promotion Office Cultural Administration Division
Niigata Prefectural Board of Education. Since XIV century the Sado Island is famous for the gold and
silver mines. The paper intends to analyze three particular aspects of the Japanese island and to illustrate the main activities of the research: urban archeology, industrial archeology and archeology of
the natural landscape. All the mines were closed permanently in 1989 and the present project aims to
valorize the mines, the natural landscape, the villages of the miners and their productive activities for a
correct understanding and knowledgeable use of the territory.


The recent progress in learning image feature representations has opened the way for tasks such as label-to-image or text-to-image synthesis. However, one particular challenge widely observed in existing methods is the difficulty of synthesizing fine-grained textures and small-scale instances. In this paper, we propose a novel Global-Affine and Local-Specific Generative Adversarial Network (GALS-GAN) to explicitly construct global semantic layouts and learn distinct instance-level features. To achieve this, we adopt the graph convolutional network to calculate the instance locations and spatial relationships from scene graphs, which allows our model to obtain the high-fidelity semantic layouts. Also, a local-specific generator, where we introduce the feature filtering mechanism to separately learn semantic maps for different categories, is utilized to disentangle and generate specific visual features. Moreover, we especially apply a weight map predictor to better combine the global and local pathways considering the highly complementary between these two generation sub-networks. Extensive experiments on the COCO-Stuff and Visual Genome datasets demonstrate the superior generation performance of our model against previous methods, our approach is more capable of capturing photo-realistic local characteristics and rendering small-sized entities with more details.


We consider a node where packets of fixed size are generated at arbitrary intervals. The node is required to maintain the peak age of information (AoI) at the monitor below a threshold by transmitting potentially only a subset of the generated packets. At any time, depending on packet availability and current AoI, the node can choose the packet to transmit, and its transmission speed. We consider a power function (rate of energy consumption) that is increasing and convex in transmission speed, and the objective is to minimize the energy consumption so as to satisfy the peak AoI constraint at all times. For this problem, we propose a (customized) greedy policy and derive an upper bound on its competitive ratio (CR) that depends on the power function, but is independent of the packet generation times as well as the time horizon. We also derive a lower bound on the CR of all causal policies, and show that the dependence of the CR of the proposed greedy policy on the system parameters (such as packet size, peak AoI and power function) is similar to that of an optimal causal policy.


Recently, foams have been widely investigated for several processes such as: cell and proteins recovery, enhancing mass (oxygen) transfer in fermentation process, heavy metals and pigments removal and soil remediation. This fact is due to its characteristic of high interfacial area, which leads to better removal of solutes from the aqueous phase. In remediation processes the utilization of foam has shown advantages on the contact between the surfactants and the soil contaminant, reducing channeling flow, besides supplying nutrients and oxygen, essential for further bioremediation process. The present work aimed to study the generation and characterization of two types of foams: conventional or regular foams (RF), produced by air injection through surfactant solution, and colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), produced by high speed stirrer when surfactant solution is submitted to high shear rate in presence of air. These foams differ on some aspects: CGAs presents a gas content (gas hold-up) in the range of 30 – 60% and RF up to 90%. Another difference regarding these foams is associated to their structures; the former contains internal spherical micro-bubbles, whereas the latter present a polyedric structure composed by thin liquid lamellas surrounding the gas phase. Experiments were carried out in batch and continuous systems in order to evaluated the characteristics of produced foam like gas hold-up, density and bubble size under specific operational conditions. The methodology proposed in this paper was effective and enable to produce foams continuously, at constant characteristics, throughout the assay and defined according to the experimental conditions employed. Foam generated from the proposed assemblies, which is easily constructed and operated, can be applied as to separation (heavy-metals, ions, oil) or remediation process.


The observations were performed toward TW Hya on 2016 May 31 and on 2016 June 1 with 39 antennas and baselines from 15.1m (6.5kλ) up to 713.1m (310.0kλ) with an on-source time of about 39 min with ALMA during Cycle 3. The spectral setup consisted of (i) six spectral windows, each with 960 channels and a channel width used during the observations of 244.141kHz (about 0.6km/s) that covered about 1.4GHz between 129.538 and 132.405GHz, and (ii) one spectral window, centered at 130.973GHz, of 2GHz bandwidth (128 channels each of 15.625MHz) for continuum imaging. (2 data files).


In the typical application of a cognitive diagnosis model, the Q-matrix, which reflects the theory with respect to the skills indicated by the items, is assumed to be known. However, the Q-matrix is usually determined by expert judgment, and so there can be uncertainty about some of its elements. Here it is shown that this uncertainty can be recognized and explored via a Bayesian extension of the DINA (deterministic input noisy and) model. The approach used is to specify some elements of the Q-matrix as being random rather than as fixed; posterior distributions can then be used to obtain information about elements whose inclusion in the Q-matrix is questionable. Simulations show that this approach helps to recover the true Q-matrix when there is uncertainty about some elements. An application to the fraction-subtraction data of K. K. Tatsuoka suggests a modified Q-matrix that gives improved relative fit.


With the prospect of sustained annual rises in traffic volumes in all the major container ports located along the US/Canadian West Coast, and in almost every case, with no possibility of expanding capacity through the provision of new port areas, both port and terminal management bodies are busily engaged in implementing schemes to make their existing facilities more productive. The strategies that the various port managements are employing to attain this goal focus on three main areas: the reconstruction of established facilities; the revision of contractual arrangements with tenants; and the installation of "high technology" handling equipment. The "new look" taken by terminal operators has also noticeably concentrated on the "high technology" sector of the equipment spectrum, with the computer finding particular favor and also the gantry handling system, as opposed to that offered by the straddle carrier.


Privacy has become an important aspect when modeling computational systems that have personal information and actions that deal with them. Control access models are used to provide security of such information. Some of these models, altough, are just applied to specific domains. It is proposed an access control model simple yet generic enough to comply with the security and privacy aspects of a system. The proposed model uses an adaptive automaton to perform the access control, and has a set of privacy commands, coded from a legislation or policy. These commands verify if a certain action in the systen may be characterized as a privacy violation. Moreover, the model may be used with auditing mechanisms to register actions in the system and guarantee the privacy.


This paper deals with the design and simulation of a lowcost active shielding system for the mitigation of the magnetic field generated by electrical installations, like power lines or substations. A previously developed prototype is now improved by extending the hardware features and adding a Perturb and Observe algorithm that makes the shielding system more flexible and adaptable to any magnetic field source and to its loading conditions. The new algorithm is fully described; moreover, its behavior is tested by several simulations referred to a complex MV/LV substation.


Abstract The forward bending centrifugal fan features long vanes and narrow passages, and the internal flow is apt to be affected by wall boundary layer of the blade surfaces. An aerodynamic investigation on the forward bending centrifugal fan is presented in this paper. The performances of the unsteady flow field in the centrifugal fan is predicted by solving the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations based on the Shear Stress Transport (SST) – Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) turbulence model. And three-dimensional (3-D) flow phenomenon of non-uniform fluid flow is discussed through observing the flow separation and vortex distribution in the impeller region. The installation location of inlet nozzle is finally adjusted based on the calculated results, and the centrifugal fan with eccentric inlet nozzle is proposed. From the results, the eccentric inlet nozzle with L=3 mm, θ=120° could improve the internal flow of the forward bending centrifugal fan and enhance its aerodynamic performance.


Encroachment data gathering in the past explicitly excluded heavy vehicles; this exclusion compelled assumptions to be made about the frequency at which heavy vehicles encroached onto the roadside. This paper examines the assumption that heavy vehicles encroach onto the roadside at the same rate as passenger vehicles. This assumption may be untrue for several reasons. In general, heavy vehicles are driven by trained professionals, who operate with additional restrictions on operating hours. Driver behavior and the performance characteristics of heavy vehicles differ from those of passenger vehicles. In this study, four data sets were analyzed: a national sample, two statewide samples, and a regional sample. The results challenged the long-held assumption that heavy vehicles encroached at the same frequency as passenger vehicles. The findings indicated that heavy vehicles encroached at approximately 30% of the rate of all vehicles. Although the causes of this reduced encroachment rate remain speculative, the examined data demonstrate that a difference does exist and should be accounted for in the modeling of run-off-road crashes for roadside safety benefit–cost and risk analyses.


Malignant thymoma associated with severe aplastic anaemia Abstract Malignant thymoma is a very rare neoplasm in paediatric patients; it is usually associated with para-neoplastic syndromes, the most frequent is myasthenia gravis; some haematological abnormalities may also be present, such as pure red cell aplasia or aplastic anaemia. We report a 12-year-old boy suffering from a very large thymoma, treated with multiple chemotherapy, and who developed a severe aplastic anaemia after surgery. He had a poor response to immunosuppressive treatment and later developed massive pulmonary bleeding as a complication. & 2008 Asociacion Espanola de Pediatro´a. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.


This study was carried out to investigate the effects of deer antler extract on the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 300 gm were fed deer antler extract for 1, 2, and 3 weeks per oral (1.5 ml/100 gm B.W.), respectively, once a day and transected both sides of sciatic nerve of each leg. After keeping for 6 hours, sciatic nerves taken from proximal part of transected region were treated with conventional transmission electron microscopical method and then observed with electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Sciatic nerves of normal control group were not showing any sprouts and electron dense axolemmal projections were frequently observed. 2. Sciatic nerves of saline treated groups were showing axonal sprouts at the nodes of Ranvier. The length of them was usually short, and numerous vesicles, vacuoles and organelles including neurofilament were contained. The number of nodes of Ranvier containing sprouts from 100 longitudinal sectioned nerve fibers was 29 (29%) in 1 week treated group, 32 (32%) in 2 weeks treated group, and 30 (30%) in 3 weeks treated group, respectively. 3. Sciatic nerves of deer antler treated groups were showing axonal sprouts at the node of Ranvier as well. Although most of the sprouts were short, some sprouts of 2 weeks and 3 weeks treated groups were quite long. Sprouts usually contained numerous vesicles, vacuoles and cell organelles such as neurofilaments and mitochondria. The number of nodes of Ranvier containing sprouts from 100 longitudinal sectioned nerve fibers was 38 (38%) in 1 week treated group, 46 (46%) in 2 weeks treated group, and 48 (48%) in 3 weeks treated group respectively. The results described above explain pretreatment of deer antler extract improves the sprout formation of transected sciatic nerves, and then it suggests deer antler may be effective for the regeneration of peripheral nerves.


Combined with several years experiences in crane's installation according to installation technology of bridge crane in workshop from preparation work, track installation, derrick setting and other aspects corresponding suggestions are proposed.


Before 1905, Poincar\'e stressed the importance of the method of clocks and their synchronization, but unlike Einstein, magnet and conductor (asymmetries in Lorentz's theory regarding the explanation of Faraday's induction) or chasing a light beam and overtaking it, were not a matter of great concern for him. In 1905 Poincar\'e elaborated Lorentz's electron theory from 1904 in two papers entitled "Sur la dynamique de l'electron". In May 1905 he sent three letters to Lorentz at the same time that Albert Einstein wrote his famous May 1905 letter to Conrad Habicht: "I can promise you in return four works,[...] The fourth paper is only a rough draft at this point, and is an electrodynamics of moving bodies". In the May 1905 letters to Lorentz Poincar\'e presented the basic equations of his 1905 Dynamics of the Electron. Hence, in May 1905, Poincar\'e and Einstein both had drafts of papers pertaining to the principle of relativity. Poincar\'e's draft led to a space-time mathematical theory of groups at the basis of which stood the postulate of relativity, and Einstein's draft led to a kinematical theory of relativity. Poincar\'e did not renounce the ether. He wrote a new law of addition of velocities, but he did not abandon the tacit assumptions made about the nature of time, simultaneity, and space measurements implicit in Newtonian kinematics. Although he questioned absolute time and absolute simultaneity, he did not make new kinematical tacit assumptions about space and time. He also did not require reciprocity of the appearances, and therefore did not discover relativity of simultaneity: these are the main hallmarks of Einstein's special theory of relativity. Nevertheless, as shown by other writers, Poincar\'e's theory had influenced later scientists especially Hermann Minkowski.


Desktop processed manuscripts are well on their way to dominating camera-ready-copy science journals. The spread of this technology over time (1984-1987 and distance (author's country) is plotted. An analysis of over 1,000 papers in four major journals finds fewer flaws in the desktop entries than is common with conventionally prepared typescripts. In today's allegedly paperless information age, mutual interests will sustain this form of print journal. Desktop authors have greatly enhanced control over the appearance of their articles. Publishers get improvements in overall graphic quality at no added cost. Manuscript turnaround will further accelerate at little added cast for either publisher or author with increased use of telefaxing.


The predominant indigenous microbial population and strain JU1 PAHs-degrading was obtained by selective enrichment culture from DongBei old industrial estate contaminated oil.The bacteria were obtained with Fluoranthene as the solo carbon source for growth.The bacteria were identified as Klebsiella sp.based on the sequence analysis of 16s rDNA and its morphological and physio-biochemcial characteristics.In a mineral salts medium with 50 mg·L-1 fluoranthene,the microbial population and the strain could degradate fluoranthene well.92.71% of fluoranthene in the medium were degraded in 6 days.Study on concentration was found that the degradation etticiency was the better than other concentrations in the 50 mg·L-1.The degradation of Phenanthene could be 40.76% and Benzo[a]pyrene of also could be reached 62.38%.After 5 days,in the mixture solution the degradation rate of Fluoranthene was 59.74% and Phenanthene was 55.36%.


The identity of a city is understood as a collection of individual features, which give the city its individual character and distinguish it from other places; it undoubtedly constitutes a cultural value, which should be cherished. A city is made special thanks to its geographical location, landscape values, urban layout and – architecture. In the case of Sopot – a spa located on the Bay of Gdansk, the mosaic of the above-mentioned features has created a unique image of a seaside resort. Sopot architecture is distinguished by a complex of buildings dating back to the turn of the 20th century, which is the largest one in the country. The architecture of the city is dominated by eclectic influences, mainly Neo-gothic and Art-Nouveau, as well as early modernism; it is also possible to find examples of holiday architecture, with characteristic wooden verandas. The identity of a city and its image is not always permanent and unchanging in time. In the case of Sopot, only 5% of the existing buildings were damaged during the Second World War. However, the most important ones, characteristic for the city and located in its representative part, were destroyed. The war was followed by a period of economic stagnation and isolation from the free world, which lasted for almost 45 years. At that time there were no comprehensive revitalisation projects for this prestigious area of the city. The buildings constructed in the 1960s did not create an architecturally and spatially coherent urban tissue. The situation changed in 1989, when Poland regained its sovereignty. Since that time numerous investment projects have been carried out in Sopot, including the prestigious ones, located in the representative part of the city. This paper has been devoted to Sopot architecture – both historic and modern, the dominating architectural trends and the issues connected with the coexistence of "the old and the new". The buildings characteristic for the city, historic and modern ones, which constituted (or constitute at present) important landmarks in the urban area, and which were (or still are) the city symbols, have been analysed. Unfortunately, some of the buildings constructed over the last 25 years in the representative part of the city are not consistent with its unique character. The decisions made by investors, architects, city authorities and the monument preservation office may have serious negative effects; they may cause degradation of urban space and, as a result, harm its image. In the summary of this paper possible dangers connected with realising investments in the most important city locations, the ones with historic context, have been indicated, and recommendations aimed at elimination of such dangers have been presented. The priority – particularly in cities with an established, unique image – should be to ensure that architectural and cultural heritage is preserved, while new architecture should speak with modern language and introduce new values to its historic surroundings.


The ultrafast and sensitive detection of an optical beat signal generated from an optical heterodyne system in an integrated traveling-wave photoconductive detector with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coplanar electrode lines has been introduced for generating THz signals.While the optical beat signal has been absorbed by photoconductive substrate and an HTS center strip, the THz signal is gradually bulit up on the HTS coplanar waveguide (CPW). The kinetic inductive photoresponse of the HTS strip contributes excessively in the generation of multi-THz signal while the response of the photoconductor substrate decreases with increasing THz frequency. A rigorous optical analysis of a multilayer waveguide in conjunction of optical-to-THz signal conversion analysis have been carried out to find the external conversion effciency of such a photodetector. Our simulation shows that the GaAs-based structure with YBCO electrode at1.5 μm exhibits more output THz power than its Si counterpart in 850 nm wavelength.


The wave finite element (WFE) method is investigated to describe the dynamic behavior of periodic structures like those composed of arbitrary-shaped substructures along a certain straight direction. A generalized eigenproblem based on the so-called S + S −1 transformation is proposed for accurately computing the wave modes which travel in right and left directions along those periodic structures. Besides, a model reduction technique is proposed which involves partitioning a whole periodic structure into one central structure surrounded by two extra substructures. In doing so, a few wave modes are only required for modeling the central periodic structure. A comprehensive validation of the technique is performed on a 2D periodic structure. Also, its efficiency in terms of CPU time savings is highlighted regarding a 3D periodic structure that exhibits substructures with large-sized FE models.


This paper discusses how the multimedia learning tools can enhance the quality of e-learning systems. The construction and use of multimedia learning tools is a relatively new pedagogy, where multimedia learning tools are a learning style. Keefe defined learning style as being characteristic of the cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to the learning environment. Learning style also represents both inherited characteristics and environmental influences. There are many types of learning styles; Visual Learners, learn through seeing, Auditory Learners, learn through listening and Tactile/Kinaesthetic Learners, Learn through, moving, doing and touching. Multimedia learning tools contain three types of learning styles. These three types are effective in the classical ways of learning. The most important question in this paper is; how can multimedia learning tolls improve the quality of e-learning? To get the answer of this question, we must find out what are the requirement of elearning quality and are the multimedia learning tools meet these requirement and what is the effect they can make for quality. It is hard to assure the quality of e-learning, since it differs from the old fashion of learning.


This article deals with the evaluation of the solar radiation distribution inside a solar cooker, which was evaluated under the following circunstances : a) black walls b) reflective walls, each one in summer (january/02) and in winter (august/02). The suplementary light from the concentrator was a 20% greater in winter than in summer, and the wave length was increased between 500 and 700 nm. The glass produces an extintion of 35 %. It was also determinated the relationship between received radiation and total incident radiation inside the cooker. REFERENCIAS M. Quiroga L.R.Saravia, C. Cadena. (2001) Aplicación Del Programa Sceptre Para La Simulación De Una Cocina Solar Tipo Caja "Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente Vol 5 106-08 R. Echazú, C. Cadena, L. Saravia. (2000) Estudio de Materiales Reflectivos para Concentradores Solares. en "Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente Vol 4 No 2 pp 08-12, 08-17


The energy levels of the 1s2, 1s2l and 1s3l states of helium-like iron Fe XXV have been calculated using two sets of configuration-interaction wavefunctions. One set of wavefunctions was generated using the fully relativistic GRASP code and the other was obtained using CIV3, in which relativistic effects are introduced using the Breit-Pauli approximation. For transitions from the ground state to the n = 2 and 3 states and for transitions between the n = 2 and 3 states, the calculated excitation energies obtained by these two independent methods are in very good agreement and there is good agreement between these results and recent theoretical and experimental results. However, there is considerable disagreement between the various excitation energies for the transitions among the n = 2 and also among the n = 3 states. The two sets of wavefunctions are also used to calculate the E1, E2, M1 and M2 transition probabilities between all of the 1s2, 1s2l and 1s3l states of helium-like iron Fe XXV. The results from the two calculations are found to be similar and to compare very well with other recent results for Δn = 1 or 2 transitions. For Δn = 0 transitions the agreement is much less satisfactory; this is mainly due to differences in the excitation energies.


business Administration undergraduate is according to the level of subject professional,there is not strong,vague positioning,professional employment rate is low problem,how to solve the problem of wide caliber,the college major of industrial and commercial management important problems need to be solved.This combination of Northeast Dianli University business management specialized school situation,to industrial and commercial management major problems undertook an analysis,put forward the way of characteristic,the reform of teaching mode construction business management measures,to industrial and commercial administration construction significance.


Despite the comprehensive literature and guidance on the conservation of the historic settlement, little practice has put into the test of relevant guidelines for conservation in the context of sustainable regeneration of these settlements.
In the literature revealed that differing emphases and directives between current conservation legislation and codes for sustainable buildings, it was found that each agenda also has a limited perspective, which could be bonded together in certain way in order to perform a well-balanced design practice without leaving any party behind.
This study attempted to formulate and refine a design framework to guide designs within the historic settlement, embracing conservation, enhancement and environmental sustainability. The hypothetical design framework together with a point-based assessment tool is tested repeated through a series of hypothetical domestic design cases in a historical settlement to discover how different physical conditions influence building form and performance. A combination of methods including literature review, case studies and design studies has been applied.
Having tested the context of creative designs within a typical historic settlement, the research demonstrates that a reconciliation could be restored among conservation, and sustainable design in order to face inevitable interventions in the future but that there are inevitably areas of design where some tensions emerge which require a holistic design approach.


RFID information technology has gradually become a new favorite in cold chain logistics management, and cold chain logistics belongs to temperature control logistics, so the application demand of RFID system with temperature sensor is more intense. At present, the construction of cold chain logistics in China can not meet the development needs, and the food quality and safety problems caused by uncontrollable logistics links are becoming increasingly serious. Combined with the characteristics of RFID technology, and in view of the pain points of China's food cold chain logistics management, this paper will discuss the application of RFID technology in all aspects of food cold chain logistics.


SUMMARY A new species of Scaphopetalum from Monte Mitra is described. Small shrub 20-150 cm tall. Petiole 3-5 mm. Leaves obovate, glabrous and shiny, 7.5-13 by 2.5-5.5 cm, base rounded, apex shortly caudate. Inflorescence raminascent, few-flowered cymes, peduncle 3-4 mm long, 1-5 flowers, pedicel 2-3 cm. Sepals 9-10 by 4-3 mm narrowly ovate, hairy on the inside of the tip. Petals hooded, whitish transparent and ribbed, 0.8-1 by 0.5-0.7 cm, apex with three short slips. Stamens fused in vase-like tube, 1 cm diam. and 0.5 cm high, with 5 sharply angled lobes, each lobe has a red ray, anthers inserted on the lobes. Ovary 5-lobed, style 1 mm long. Capsule glabrous, 1.5-2 by 0.6-0.9 cm, with 5 sharply angled ridges. Seeds 2 mm, adorned with a brown aril. Distribution — Equatorial Guinea, at the base of Monte Mitra. Habitat — Understorey of (submontane) rain forest at an altitude of 700 m. Note — Equatorial Guinea is the only country in central Africa without a national flora. Some believe that such a reference book is not needed arguing that the plants of Equatorial Guinea are completely a subset of those found in Cameroon and Gabon


The purpose of this study was to examine the organizational citizenship behavior of the staff and its precursors at Begemidir College of teacher education. A correlational survey design that involved 96 instructors recruited through a comprehensive sampling technique was employed. Questionnaire was used to collect data that were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result indicated that instructors demonstrated above-average mean scores in all the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior. It also revealed that organizational support and job satisfaction had a moderate relationship with altruism, civic virtue and sportsmanship while they had a modest relationship with courtesy and conscientiousness. On the other hand, there was a strong relationship between organizational commitment and altruism, civic virtue, courtesy, and sportsmanship. Overall, while OCB had a strong relationship with organizational commitment, it had a moderate relationship with organizational support and job satisfaction. Whereas organizational commitment has a positive and significant contribution to all organizational citizenship dimensions; job satisfaction did not influence all of them. Organizational support has a significant contribution to altruism, civic virtue, sportsmanship, and organizational citizenship behavior. Hence, it was suggested that the college should constantly work on the functions of organizational commitment and support to promote organizational citizenship behavior and ensure sustainable organizational development.


A process for gold plating on free cutting 303 stainless steel mainly including chemical degreasing, electrochemical degreasing, alkaline film removal, activation, nickel pre-plating, bright nickel plating, and gold plating was developed. The bath composition, process conditions, and matters needing attention were introduced. The removal of alkaline film after degreasing solves the problem of easy passivation and difficult plating on 303 stainless steel surface. The coating obtained is uniform and well adhered. The process widens the application range of free-cutting 303 stainless steel.


INTRODUCTION 1 I. BACKGROUND 6 A. Early Urban Redevelopment Movement 6 B. "Blight" and the First Federal Housing Acts 8 C. Evolution of Blight in Michigan 13 1. Michigan Supreme Court Approves Blight 14 2. Michigan's Expansion and Retraction of the Definition of Public Use 16 II. REDEVELOPMENT STATUTORY SCHEMES 18 A. Approaches Found Within the Various State Statutes 18 B. Michigan's Current Blighted Area Redevelopment Act 20 III. RISING TO THE CHALLENGE: PROTECTING PROPERTY RIGHTS THROUGH NEW LEGISLATION 23 A. Heightened Judicial Review 24 B. Increased Compensation 25 C. Proposed Michigan Blight Rehabilitation Act 27 1. New Definintion Section. 28 2. Added Procedural Safeguards 29 3. Post Designation Safeguards 31 CONCLUSION 32


I at submitting herewith a dissertation written by Robert J. Resnick entitled "An Investigation of the Modi-fiability of Visual Integrative Abilities in Children." I recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Psychology.


A complete listing of all validly published generic names in the Umbelliferae, with references to author(s), date and place of publication, typification, synonyms, geographical distribution, number of species, and essential bibliography.


Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits understudy. The charactersviz., seed yield per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant exhibited moderate Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and high Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). High differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated high influence of environment on these characters. The characters viz., protein content and seed index exhibited high heritability. Moderate estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for seed yield per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant and seed index.


Two experiments (mid- and late lactation) were conducted to test whether methionine (Met) limited milk production in Friesian cows fed sole diets of fresh perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture. In mid-lactation (exp. 1), 26 cows were assigned to one of three treatments: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1), continuous intrajugular infusion of L-Met (15 g d–1) and control. Twelve animals from exp. 1 were used during late lactation (exp. 2) and distributed in two experimental groups: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1) and control. Dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein and Met intakes, milk yield and composition and blood Met, cysteine and urea were measured. Oral and intravenous Met supplementation increased blood Met concentration by 50–90% compared with controls. Met supplementation did not alter the concentration of milk fat, protein or lactose in either experiment. Met supplementation had no significant effects on yields of fat, lactose, casein, whey proteins or non-protein nit...


duce what he describes as the 'necessity' of labour for Rousseau. Labour is necessary, Faı̈ck argues, first of all as a response to the material dangers and threats of the natural world. But the activity of human labour leads quickly to a risk of loss of autonomy and to dependence on others: 'en sortant de lui pour chercher le secours d'autrui, l'homme sort de la jeunesse du monde' (pp. 84–85). This risk is not generated by labour as a general category, far less by any sense of labour as a divine curse, but rather is produced by a social organization of labour that reduces individual autonomy and creates inequalities: 'la division du travail rompt cet ordre individuel [. . .] c'est ce labeur assidu que Rousseau condamne, conséquence directe de la division du travail' (p. 87). Faı̈ck argues forcefully that Rousseau's critique of a certain organization of human labour should not be read as a condemnation of human labour as such. Drawing particularly on Émile, Faı̈ck demonstrates the importance that Rousseau ascribes to human labour: 'le travail, nous l'avons vu, fait d'Émile un être libre, indépendant' (p. 130). Faı̈ck then moves his argument finally towards a claim that Rousseau did not reject or denounce human labour, but rather criticized the human consequences of its organization within capitalist social relations. Faı̈ck's argument in this essay is that Rousseau's importance as a theorist of labour has been underestimated or, worse, overlooked. He is keen to demonstrate both that the notion of human labour is a key unifying principle within Rousseau's texts, and also that Rousseau was raising fundamental questions about labour before Hegel or Marx. This aspect of the book's polemic is, finally, the least persuasive. Faı̈ck does not really demonstrate how his reading of Rousseau leads to a new or different understanding of the work of later thinkers, or show why Rousseau's earlier tackling of these issue is philosophically or politically important, and indeed Faı̈ck's treatment of other philosophers or theorists of labour is generally rather brief. Faı̈ck presents a clear and interesting account of aspects of Rousseau's thought, but he does not stage the major reappraisal of philosophies of labour that his essay seems to promise.


Individually targeted resource supplementation for wildlife is difficult to achieve when other non-target, free-living animals can access the resource. The use of microchip-automated technology has the potential to improve conservation outcomes globally. Microchip-automated technology can facilitate targeted food and nesting supplementation, while offering a refuge from predators and competitors. Eight adult wildborn brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained in situ to use commercially available microchip-automated doors installed on nest boxes placed within 5 m of their most used nesting site. Training to use the microchip-automated door was conducted in three stages where the position of the door was lowered in sequential stages until it was fully closed at stage 3. Training was deemed complete at each stage when the possum entered the nest box on 2 separate nights. Seven of the 8 possums completed training. Successful training demonstrated that free living possums can be trained to use microchip-automated technology in situ, thus avoiding stress, costs, and biosecurity risks associated with bringing wild animals into captivity for training. Training methods can be extrapolated to a wider range of species to assist with wildlife management from reintroductions to sustaining reduced populations.


Goddard and Stern indicated to Clark, Dean of the Women's College at the University of Rochester, that they supported
 her effort to nominate McClintock for an honorary degree from the university. Included are three pages of handwritten highlights
 of McClintock's career. McClintock was awarded an honorary degree from the school in 1947.


Taking as its central question: 'What narrative functions does the disaster in young adult postdisaster fiction have?', this paper explores how the genre is utilised to make comment on a range of issues, and argues that there are three connected sub-genres within young adult post-disaster fiction, with the disaster having a different function in each, and the nature of the comments made by each of these sub-genres tending also to be different. Stephens considers that: 'The main distinguishing feature of the genre is that its texts are set in a fantasy future which exists some time after the world we know has been destroyed by a cataclysmic disaster, usually caused by human actions' (1992, p.126). This paper broadens this definition to include texts in which the disaster actually happens but in which the focus is on life after the disaster. It understands fantasy to include speculative fiction which seeks to portray pre-disaster life as similar to the implied young adult reader's, as well as works of high fantasy in which the disaster has made Earth into a kind of secondary world (see Sands 1998, p.232), and focuses on novels in which the disaster has clearly been caused by humans in some way.


Different cultivars of seeds may have different properties. Therefore, distinguishing cultivars may be important for seed processing and product quality. This study was aimed at revealing the usefulness of innovative models developed based on selected image textures built using traditional machine algorithms for cultivar classification of quince seeds. The quince seeds belonging to four cultivars 'Uspiech', 'Leskovac', 'Bereczki', and 'Kaszczenko' were considered. In total, 1629 image textures from different color channels for each seed were extracted from color images acquired using a flatbed scanner. Texture parameters were used to build models for a combined set of selected textures from all color channels, sets of selected textures from color spaces RGB, Lab, and XYZ, and individual color channels R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, and Z using algorithms from different groups. The most successful models were developed using the Logistic (group of Functions), IBk (Lazy), LogitBoost (Meta), LMT (Trees), and naïve Bayes (Bayes). The classification accuracy reached 98.75% in the case of a model based on a combined set of textures selected from images in all color channels developed using the Logistic algorithm. For most models, the greatest misclassification of cases was observed between seeds 'Bereczki' and 'Kaszczenko'. The developed procedure can be used in practice to distinguish quince seeds in terms of a cultivar and avoid mixing seed cultivars with different properties intended for further processing.


with the acceleration of the course of scientific technology and unification of economy on the whole world, the competition information system plays more and more important part in the department of making policy of the corporation management. In this paper is introduced the basic condition of competition information system, and investigated the development theory and the technology problems of the competition information system under network circumstance.


Bacterial cell differentiation constitutes an appropriate and efficient way to respond to an ever-changing environment. Bacillus subtilis is no exception where in some conditions planktonic cells differentiate into highly motile swarmer cells. The hyper-flagellated swarmer cells, located usually at the colony edge, move in a cooperative manner in order to reconnoiter new sites for colonization, this movement is called ―swarming‖. Whether chemotaxis plays a role in swarming migration remains controversial and therefore we examined the effect of amino acids (chemo-attractants), glutamic acid and lysine deprivation on swarming. Here we show that deprivation of glutamic acid in synthetic B-medium results in attenuated, defective and random swarming patterns, while deprivation of lysine leads to almost normal swarming. However, deprivation of both amino acids results in a major reduction in swarming. We also developed a method using swarm plates with a concentration gradient to measure chemotaxis. Using this approach, we found that B. subtilis swarmed normally towards 100 % glutamic acid but did not swarm towards medium lacking this amino acid. However, the bacteria swarmed to both sides of plates with a concentration gradient of lysine. Furthermore, our results indicated that these two chemo-attractants affect motility by modulating the expression of the hag gene. Thus, the absence of glutamic acid and lysine decreased the expression of hag during swarming, respectively by 36 % and 15 %. .


The invention provides an air duct power generation device, and relates to a wind power generation device. The air duct power generation device is composed of a speed-up air duct, a windmill electric generator, a fan blade and a machine frame, wherein the speed-up air duct is of a reducing circular pipe structure, an inner cavity of the speed-up air duct comprises a contracting cavity body and an expanding cavity body which are coaxially arranged, the contracting cavity body is located below the expanding cavity body, the contracting cavity body is of a horn structure which contracts from bottom to top, the expanding cavity body is of a cup structure which gradually contracts from top to bottom, the lower portion of the expanding cavity body rapidly contracts and is then connected to the upper end of the contracting cavity body, and a throat opening is formed at the joint of the expanding cavity body and the contracting cavity body; the windmill electric generator and the fan blade are arranged in the inner cavity of the speed-up air duct and installed on a rotating shaft of the windmill electric generator, and the windmill electric generator is installed on the wall body of the speed-up air duct through the machine frame. The air duct power generation device is suitable for being applied to waste heat recovery systems in industrial production or applied to vegetable greenhouses; electric power is generated through waste heat wind power in industrial production and difference of temperatures inside and outside the vegetable greenhouses; green energy is developed, and the ecological environment is protected.


The utilization of glycollate as a substrate for photoheterotrophic growth by a strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa has been demonstrated. Glycollate stimulated growth of this alga in basal medium over the pH range 4-0 to 8-0 in the light, but did not support growth in the dark. Stimulation of growth in the light occurred over a wide range of glycollate concentrations and was optimal at 30 ml. Enzyme and inhibitor experiments suggested that the synthesis of cell constituents during growth on glycollate is achieved by the same pathway which operates during the metabolism of exogenous glycollate by autotrophically-grown cells. For algae to metabolize and grow on exogenous glycollate the cells must be readily permeable to this compound. When the cells readily take up exogenous glycollate, the level of activity of enzymes in the cell, in particular glycollate :DCPIP oxidoreductase, may regulate the over-all rate of glycollate metabolism.


The present essay proposes an alternative theoretical framework regarding the notion of normativity in international law, beyond the dominant kelsenian-positive paradigm. By using a decisionist approach, it is shown how the preambles of international treaties are conceptualized and instrumented so as to serve a non-literal exegesis of the relevant legal norms. Thus, not only the general rule of VCLT is taken into consideration, but also the underlying principles that guarantee its effectiveness. As regards the BITs, our inquiry begins by analyzing the structure of preambles and their latest evolutions, continuing by explaining the influence that such instruments actually played in investment arbitration case-law, as well as the role they exerted in expanding the rights of the investors in relation to indeterminate standards such as FET.


On the basis of ultrasonic,the system referred in the paper uses DS1820 for temperature correction,so as to reach the measurement demand in different environment.This design can store,display and transmit data,and possess the characteristics of high precision and stable capability.In addition,it had been applied to a robot measurement system.


The results of model tests of 18 ground anchors vertically buried in sand are described in this paper. Also described are tests on half‐section model anchors which were tested to observe movement and behavior during uplift loading of the soil surrounding the anchors. Comparison tests were done to determine the influence of factors such as diameter, fixed anchor length, and buried depth on the uplift capacity of anchors. Two types of failures, deep and shallow, were observed in the tests. The tests showed that top resistance and skin resistance did not occur simultaneously. Peak skin resistance required very little anchor movement, while peak top resistance required substantially more movement. It is concluded that equations currently used to estimate anchor capacity by adding peak skin and top resistance should be modified. Based on the results of the model tests, and confirmed by field tests, an equation was developed for estimating uplift capacity and displacement of anchors.


In the paper which I had the honour to read before the Society last winter, I stated the reasons, drawn from history and from comparative philology, which exist for concluding that the Brahmanical Indians belong to the same race as the Greek, the Latin, the Teutonic, and other nations of Europe. If this conclusion be well-founded, it is evident that at the time when the several branches of the great Indo-European family separated to commence their migrations in the direction of their future homes, they must have possessed in common a large stock of religious and mythological conceptions. This common mythology would, in the natural course of events, and from the action of various causes, undergo a gradual modification analogous to that undergone by the common language which had originally been spoken by all these tribes during the period of their union; and, in the one case as in the other, this modification would assume in the different races a varying character, corresponding to the diversity of the influences to which they were severally subjected.


We analyze a toy model which has a structure similar to that of the recently found QCD evolution equations, but without transverse dimensions. We develop two different but equivalent methods in order to compute the leading-order and next-to-leading-order Pomeron loop diagrams. In addition to the leading-order result which has been derived within other toy models [A. H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. B437, 107 (1995).][A. H. Mueller and G. P. Salam, Nucl. Phys. B475, 293 (1996).], we can also calculate the next-to-leading-order contribution which provides the ({alpha}{sub s}{sup 2}{alpha}Y) correction. We interpret this result and discuss its possible implications for the four-dimensional QCD evolution.


DISCLAIMER
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE
A recruitment strategy was designed to increase the racial diversity of applicants to the postgraduate year 1 pharmacy program at University of Michigan Health, Michigan Medicine (MM). This article describes MM's diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) residency recruitment approach, from conceptualization through implementation, and includes an evaluation of its effectiveness.

SUMMARY
The report of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Task Force on Racial Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, published in January 2021, provided a foundation for our recruitment approach. The approach consisted of establishing a residency DEI subcommittee, conducting outreach to under-represented students, and reducing bias in the process by amending the application screening rubric. The combination of these efforts resulted in a 5% increase in applicants from pharmacy schools with a high proportion of under-represented minority students.

CONCLUSION
A diverse residency program benefits patients, trainees, and the larger healthcare organization. In addition, incorporating DEI into resident recruitment is required by the new ASHP Accreditation Standard for postgraduate pharmacy residency programs effective July 1, 2023. Evaluation of our recruitment efforts demonstrated targeted recruitment as an effective strategy to increase the diversity of a residency program's applicants. There may be additional barriers not addressed by our interventions to be further explored.


PCBN cutter shows excellent cutting performance in the process of cutting, especially its super- hard characteristic. For this reason, this paper introduces its physical, cutting behavior, and its common type, and also states its service characteristic and requirement from some aspects, such as geometric parameters, cutting data, service conditions, process instance.


Background: The paper presents issues related to the deficit in medical student training in the field of disaster medicine. According to Polish medical educational standards, there is no obligation imposed by the legislator to educate future doctors in disaster medicine. However, there is the university's authorial capacity, which, as exemplified by Lazarski University in Warsaw, has been successfully implemented for teaching students disaster medicine and has demonstrated effectiveness in education in this field. Methods: The study was conducted by means of a diagnostic survey method, using an authorial survey questionnaire. A total of 168 medical students between 2020 and 2022 took part in the survey. The questionnaire contained 10 questions, one- and multiple-choice ones, of which one was about self-assessment. Students completed the questionnaire twice, before and after the disaster medicine course. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate the need for educational standards for issues related to disaster medicine, especially for faculties of medicine, where future doctors will be trained to deal with large numbers of casualties. Students manifest the need for such courses during their studies and as part of postgraduate training.


SUMMARY The cardiovascular responses, ventilation and pulmonary gas exchanges of 8 treated and 6 untreated hypertensive patients were studied during artificial ventilation under nitrous oxide/oxygen/relaxant anaesthesia, with and without halothane (1%). Mean arterial pressure (m.a.p.) fell to 69% and 62% of the awake values in the treated and untreated patients respectively during hypocapnia (mean PaCO2 23 mm Hg) induced by IPPV under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. When halothane (1%) was added under the same conditions of IPPV, m.a.p. fell to 60% and 53% of the awake values respectively, as a result of reduced cardiac output (50% and 53% respectively of awake values), whereas systemic vascular resistance was raised above the awake values in all patients. Electro-cardiographic evidence of myocardial ischaemia was observed during these periods of arterial hypotension in 50% of the treated patients and in all the untreated patients. Increased alveolar-arterial Po, differences during IPPV were due to desaturation of mixed venous blood associated with raised arteriovenous oxygen content differences. Pulmonary venous admixture did not change significantly during the course of anaesthesia with IPPV, and recovery. VD/VT increased during spontaneous ventilation following induction of anaesthesia, but decreased significantly below awake values during IPPV, returning to control values in the postoperative period.