The founder and editor of the Journal of Criminal Law, Mr. P. B. M. Allan, M.A. whom I have known for some time, wrote and asked whether I would be willing to purchase the magazine, as he wished to retire owing to advancing years. My interest in law stems from the fact that I was appointed a magistrate 23 years ago, and sit now as chairman of the Hertford Bench. I have also had 36 years experience in the printing and publishing industry and this expertise I hope to bring to bear on increasing the circulation and size of the journal. As editor and proprietor I am now looking for more contributors especially from the Magistrates' Courts and to that end I have increased the rate paid for material printed by 20%. Although small in circulation the journal goes to 42 different countries in the world and I shall do my utmost to promote it further. R. L. S. HARRISON, J.P.


Data derived from property markets have spatial character, no doubt about it, thus treating them with methods taking into account property location and so called "neighborhood influence" seem to be natural. In this paper we present a step by step algorithm for two of many geostatistical methods of spatial prediction which can find their application in property market analysis. As an exemplification of theoretical consideration, authors calculated particular problem and made it available on the website. It is worth noting that carrying out all the computations without dedicated software is very time consuming and might cause a headache. Authors implemented all the algorithms in one computer application and encourage for testing it simultaneously waiting for constructive critics.


This article approaches disembodiment in Elizabeth Singer Rowe's verse as figuring for the possibility of poetic change. Rowe's poems imagine possible futures for the soul that correspond, the article claims, to her assessment of Restoration literary culture. Looking to a Whiggish Milton as a model, Rowe draws these possibilities against an angelic past. The future of English verse might resemble her poetry of hell, with real change foreclosed and the pain (as well as the libertinism) of the present reified. But a contrastingly joyous future can be identified in Rowe's poetry of heaven, which proceeds from her conviction that the human soul can even now experience enthusiastic release. Such a provisionally accessed future can, by implication, bridge the distance between Rowe, a Nonconformist woman writer whose poems were most often published anonymously or pseudonymously, and the English poetic mainstream. Even as she analogizes poems and spirits that fly human bodies, then, Rowe's desire to reform literary culture demands that her poetic souls take up textual bodies. The essay therefore concludes by asking whether Rowe's framework for poetic change may itself change; whether Rowe comes to rethink change (as Milton himself had done) so as not to sunder soul from body. The possibility has finally to do with the experience of time.


: Quality by Design (QbD) brings quality to the fore from the very beginning of the product development and manufacturing process, improving efficiency as a result. After all, testing products at the end of the manufacturing process limits your options for correction. Quality cannot be tested into a product; it needs to be infused into it, by design. Combined with Process Analytical Technology (PAT), QbD enables forward-looking companies to move away from traditional quality approaches and instead employ systematic, data-driven strategies to deliver quality outcomes. [1,2]. In this review, our analysis reveals the following tools as the frequently adopted for conducting each activity: Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), Critical Material Attributes (CMA), Critical Quality Attributes (CQA), Critical Process Parameter (CPP), Reference Listed Drug (RLD), Design Space, Design of Experiments (DoE), Risk Assessment (RA) and Mitigation/Minimization. Quality by Design, Formulation by Design, Analytical QbD. FDA initiative on process analytical technology. PAT as driver for improving quality and reducing costs: QbD, QA, QC and GAMP, PAT Guidance, Standards and Regulatory Requirements. The present paper deals on these two terms QbD and PAT.


An algorithm in matching of view angles is presented for a hybrid stereoscopic video imaging system consisting of two camcorders; one with an optical-zoom focusing lens and the other with single fixed focus. By stereo matching with the two pictures in same view angle, it generates practical depth maps for 3D movies. Herein, accurate view angle is essential against mismatches caused by e.g. residual distortion and repetitive pattern. We improve vertical matching with adaptively selecting feature points and areas, and obtain well-qualified result of dense depth maps and stereoscopic pictures.


Crosslinked chitosan resins were synthesized by two methods.Compared with conventional preparation,adding porogenic agents at the course of synthesis can enhance the adsorption ability of resin toward protein,while the mechanical strength is rather low.A good strength and large porosity chitosan resin was obtained by crosslinking it with epichlorohydrin.The experimental results indicated that this kind of resin posessed good capacity for both copper ion and protein.


Objective: In a previous review of 19 follow-up studies, we found that elderly people with high Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) live just as long as or longer than people with low LDL-C. Since then, many similar follow-up studies including both patients and healthy people of all ages have been published. We have therefore provided here an update to our prior review. Methods: We searched PubMed for cohort studies about this issue published after the publication of our study and where LDL-C has been investigated as a risk factor for all-cause and/or Cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in people and patients of all ages. We included studies of individuals without statin treatment and studies where the authors have adjusted for such treatment. Results: We identified 19 follow-up studies including 20 cohorts of more than six million patients or healthy people. Total mortality was recorded in 18 of the cohorts. In eight of them, those with the highest LDL-C lived as long as those with normal LDL-C; in nine of them, they lived longer, whether they were on statin treatment or not. CVD mortality was measured in nine cohorts. In two of them, it was inversely associated with LDL-C; in five of them, it was not


A conjugacy class D of 3-transpositions in the group G is a class of elements of order 2 such that, for all d and e in D, the order of the product de is 1, 2, or 3. If G is generated by the conjugacy class D of 3-transpositions, we say that (G, D) is a 3-transposition group or (loosely) that G is a 3-transposition group. Such groups were introduced and studied by Bernd Fischer who classified all finite 3-transposition groups with no nontrivial normal, solvable subgroups. His work was of great importance in the classification of finite simple groups. The basic example of a class of 3-transpositions is the class of transpositions in any symmetric group. This was the only class which Fischer originally considered, but Roger Carter pointed out that examples could be found in several of the classical groups as well. The transvections of symplectic groups over GF(2) form a class of 3-transpositions, so additionally any subgroup of the symplectic group generated by a class of transvections is also a 3-transposition group. The symmetric groups arise in this way as do the orthogonal groups over GF(2). Symplectic transvections over GF(2) are special cases of unitary transvections over GF(4), and this unitary class is still a class of 3-transpositions. The final classical examples are given by the reflection classes of orthogonal groups over GF(3).


A suggestive relation links Fisher' information measure (FIM)Iand Schrodinger equation (SE). The connection is based upon the fact that the constrained minimization of I leads to a SE. This, in turn, is the origin of intriguing relationships between various aspects of SE, on the one hand, and the formalism of statistical mechanics derived from Jaynes's maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt), on the other one. The link entails the existence of a Legendre transform structure underlying the SE, which allows for the emergence of two first-order differential equations that must, respectively, be satisfied by i) the Fisher measure and ii) the SE energy eigenvalues. The complete A) I-solution and B) energysolution are both obtained bypassing the SE and, furthermore, linked by the Legendre structure.


Meiotic "point recombination" refers to homologue recombination events affecting only individual SNPs. Driven mostly by gene conversion, it is common process that allows for a gradual adaptation and maturation of haplotypes during genetic evolution. In contrast to crossover recombination it is not tied to predetermined recombination sites and therefore assumed to occur largely randomly. Our analysis of archaic human haplotypes however revealed striking differences in the local point recombination rate. A linkage-study of 1.9 million SNPs defined by the sequence of denisovan hominids revealed low rates in introns and quiescent intergenic regions but high rates in splice sites, exons, 5'- and 3'-UTRs, and CpG islands. Correlations with ChIP-Seq tracks from ENCODE and other public sources identified a number of epigenetic modifications, that associated directly with these recombination events. A particularly tight association was observed for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks (5hmC). The mark was enriched in virtually all of the functional regions associated with elevated point recombination rates, including CpG islands and 'poised' bivalent regions. As intermediate of oxidative demethylation, 5hmC is also a marker of recently opened gene loci. The data, thus, supports a model of 'guided' evolution, in which point recombination is directed by 5hmC marks towards the functionally relevant regions.


The development and innovation of learning material based multimedia in acid base equilibrium done to help student in learning . The study is aimed to obtain a good and standart learning material in acid base equilibrium which can improve the student learning outcomes and student motivation to learn. The study was conducted through the development,innovation,integration of learning and multimedia on acid base equilibrium and then trial of the learning material to the student. The population of this study was all of the students in grade XI senior high school. The research sample was taken from SMA N 1 Berastagi, SMA N 2 Kabanjahe, and SMA N 1 Kabanjahe which consist of two classes, the experimental class and control class. The experiment class learn by using the developed and innovated learning material based multimedia, while the control class learn by using chemistry handbook. The results show that : (1) the chemistry books about acid base equilibrium that were analyzed have an average of assesment 4.32 which is considered quite good and do not need to be revised, however there are some weakness on each books that should be developed, (2) the component which are integrated into develop learning material were the integration of relevant laboratory experiment, application, pictures, problems and examples, of evaluation and key answer, and macromedia flash. The integration of multimedia done by make the developed learning material to be an e-book that created using the flip book maker software, (3) the assessment result from the expert validator toward the developed learning material is 4. which is considered valid and do not need to be revised,and the standarization result from student is 3.50 (4)Innovated learning material is found very effective to improve students achievement in chemistry. Students achievement in experimental class which were taught by innovated textbook is found higher that in control class that are taught by ordinary references


Formation of a thermodynamically metastable phase instead of a stable phase during crystallization has been interpreted by the Ostwald step rule. The rule was applied to natural crystallization of minerals in complex systems in the present paper. Phase transition from a metastable to stable phases and/or two dimensional nucleation of a stable phase on a pre-existing metastable phase are possible during growth of a metastable phase. Disappearence of a metastable phase is therefore strongly related to these processes, resulting in the formation of complex textures in grown crystals. The complex texture in cordierites from hornfels was then interpreted based on the growth and transformation of a metastable phase.


This paper presents a new methodology based on algorithms that includes the determination of optimal pressure surface, constraint programming and genetic algorithms to find an approximation to least cost design of water distribution network. REDES and EPANET programs are used for hydraulic simulation and two well known problems are solved finding solutions of less cost satisfying pressure constraints. This methodology is computationally much faster when compared with other algorithms used previously to solve this problem and good solution can be found. Furthermore is possible to optimize known solutions to find better solutions. The Hanoi network problem is tested and better solutions were found than those published previously in the literature.


The Government Purchase Card Program introduced purchase cards to streamline the acquisition of items and services under $2,500. Purchase cards have proved to be extremely efficient, with some estimates putting the savings for the Government at $75 per transaction. Unfortunately, the Government has failed to maintain effective controls over cardholders and this has led to systemic abuse, preventing the Government from realizing the full potential of the purchase card program. There are three main problems with the current scheme. First, cardholders are ignoring internal controls, resulting in purchases that supervisors cannot verify as consistent with procurement regulations. Second, the proliferation of cardholders has also led to a lack of control. In some agencies, one out of every four employees carries a purchase card, making it difficult to accurately supervise spending. Finally, cardholders do not receive enough training before being authorized to spend taxpayer money.This paper recommends a thorough overhaul of the purchase card program. The GAO has recommended several initiatives, including; pre-approval of purchase card transactions; establishment of documentation requirements; and a reduction in the number of cardholders. In addition to adopting these recommendations, the Government must improve its relationships with financial institutions and take advantage of the data-mining software those institutions have available. The Government should also learn from the private sector by implementing a policy of stringent oversight, to include daily and monthly spending limits; blocks on specific categories of expenditure; and "24/7 monitoring" of spending. These improvements would allow the Government to truly benefit from this efficient method of procurement.


ABSTRACT When technology integration is accomplished successfully in early childhood education settings, children tend to interact more with one another and exchange information related to computer tasks as well as the overall classroom on-going curriculum themes. Therefore, to explore how young children are interacting in computer areas when using computers as integrated tools for learning is valuable. Accordingly, the research questions were as follows: (1) What factors support young children's social interaction in technology integration?; and (2) What factors hinder young children's social interaction in technology integration? The supporting factors were found as the connection with classroom themes, user-friendly software design, working pairs, and open-ended software programme. The hindering factors were summarized as teacher interruption, closed-software programme, and environmental limitations.


We present a simple hot press-based method for processing La(Fe,Si)13-based compounds consisting of La–Fe–Co–Si–C particles and phenolic resin. The magnetic entropy change ΔS per unit mass for the LaFe10.87Co0.63Si1.5C0.2/phenolic resin compounds have nearly the same magnitude with the base materials. With the content of phenolic resin of 5.0 wt%, the compound conductivity is 3.13 W⋅m−1⋅K−1. In order to measure the cooling performance of La(Fe,Si)13-based compounds, the La(Fe11.6–x Co x )Si1.4C0.15 (x = 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85)/phenolic resin compounds were pressed into thin plates and tested in a hybrid refrigerator that combines the active magnetic refrigeration effect with the Stirling cycle refrigeration effect. The test results showed that a maximum cooling power of 41 W was achieved over a temperature span of 30 K.


Atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, and the burden of atherosclerotic disease is expected to increase even further in the coming decades due to soaring obesity rates that feed the diabetes epidemic. There is, therefore, a clear need for new drugs targeting atherosclerosis to add to our current therapeutic armamentarium. Drug approval currently is based on multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up in thousands of patients to demonstrate clear benefits in mortality and cardiovascular events and to allow adequate assessment of safety. Cardiovascular drug development has become a hostage to its own success. New drugs must be compared to placebo but on the background of highly effective standard therapy that lowers event rates and necessitates huge sample sizes and long follow-up. Failures of promising new cardiovascular drugs in large clinical trials1 have had catastrophic consequences for the sponsoring pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies. These conditions are inhibiting new drug development and are stimulating a search for alternate methods to assess new compounds. Cardiovascular imaging techniques have been used to fill this need.2 Cardiovascular imaging trials are shorter and require only a fraction of the patients needed for a large events trial because all patients who complete an imaging trial contribute to the end point. Thus, imaging trials are less expensive. By themselves, they are not sufficient for drug approval by regulatory agencies partly because of the limited safety data that can be generated with the study drug given the number of patients involved and duration of exposure. Nevertheless, imaging studies can provide evidence to inform the decision about whether a large outcome trial should proceed. They are therefore currently best suited in phase 2 of drug development. Ideally, imaging studies also should provide useful data regarding the mechanism …


The production of vacancies in the inner and outer shells of the target and projectile have been studied in Ne/subi/$sup +$+Ne collisions in the incident energy range of 45 keV to 2.2 MeV through the observation of K x rays and Auger electrons. Data are given for incident charge states i=0, 1, and 2. Parameters necessary for the analysis of collision kinematics were extracted from previous data and used to investigate these effects on the observed Auger spectra. The kinematic line broadening in the Ne collisions is shown to obscure the peak structure characteristic of the multiple ionization states. The centroid energies and average energy widths of the Auger groups, together with absolute intensities, are reported as a function of the Ne/subi/$sup +$ energy and electron emission angle for both target and projectile. Absolute cross sections for x-ray and Auger-electronproduction are reported with an accuracy of about plus-or-minus15%, and mean fluorescence yields are determined from these cross- section data. Information regarding the coupling of outer-shell molecular orbitals in the entrance channel is extracted from the comparison of the measured data and previous calculations.


[Objective] The aim was to explore technology on processing excrements in duck farms at scale,providing guiding method for effective control of environmental issues in breeding farms.[Method] Bio-safety disposal and recovering processing of excrements in a duck farm were researched based on configuration,detection,digestion and EM technologies and technology on poultry breeding.[Result] The comprehensive applied technology is quite simple and the cost is not high.During breeding period,excellent organic fertilizers and high-protein forages could be obtained without any antibiotics.Furthermore,secondary wastes and pollution would not occur.In addition,ammonia was lower in excrements processed with earthworm and air pollution was reduced;the produced humus provides organic fertilizers and improves barren soils.[Conclusion] The research provides references of multiple-technology processing for related industries.


The late Peter Hart's tentative yet provocative application of the term 'ethnic cleansing' to the Irish revolution, especially as practised in Co. Cork, continues to arouse widespread indignation and incredulity. Two associated issues have dominated the debate: the influence of sectarian hatred on the conduct of the I.R.A., and the extent to which Protestants were actually forced out of their homes by intimidation or fear. Though a few historians have endorsed Hart's claim that a substantial number of Protestants were murdered or expelled because of their religion, most argue that such attacks were primarily motivated by political or economic rather than sectarian motives. Similar points have been made, from the revolutionary epoch onwards, by liberal Protestants as well as republican sympathisers, whose rejection of the 'ethnic cleansing' hypothesis has sometimes degenerated into vicious ad hominem attacks on Hart and his allies. The issue of motivation is notoriously resistant to historical analysis: all motives are mixed, some are deliberately concealed, and others are unconscious. Little would be gained by making yet another attempt to disentangle the often contradictory hopes, fears, resentments, and rationalisations underlying republican conduct in the revolutionary years.


Three-dimensionally (3D) ordered macro-/mesoporous (3DOM/m) materials, which combine the advantages of high surface area of the mesopores, efficient mass transport within the macropores, and strong structural stability of the 3D interconnected porous frameworks, have shown remarkable performances in a wide range of applications. Herein, we demonstrate a novel dual-hard-templating technique as a general synthetic strategy for constructing the 3DOM/m materials by nanocasting mesoporous silica confined within the regular voids of a silica colloidal crystal (opal). Through this method, various materials, such as 3DOM/m Pt, Pd, Ni2P, carbon and N/P codoped carbon (NPC), have been successfully synthesized. The as-prepared 3DOM/m Ni2P and NPC are demonstrated to exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), respectively.


he purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the use of ICT, the accumulation of e-skills and innovation capacities of teachers. A Web questionnaire was designed in order to examine the e-skills and the daily practices of vocational high-school teachers in Tunisia. The results and findings are based upon 288 HET respondents. A structural Equation model was developed in order to understand the main determinants of innovative pedagogical uses of ICT by HET. Two unexpected results were found. First, gender differences in matter of innovative uses are not found in Tunisia. Female HET seem to use more innovatively ICT than male ones. Secondly, we did not find a relationship between tenure or research activities of HET and their pedagogical innovative uses. However our model shows that Computer and Internet Skills, Effective use of ICT and Facilitations conditions play a prominent role in the innovative pedagogical use of ICT by HET in Tunisia. Findings imply that the e-learning competencies of teachers in Tunisia must be strengthened in order to reach optimal use.


An integral model of jet fires, originally developed for free fires, has been extended to predict the internal flame structure of jet fires normally impacting cylindrical obstacles, and to predict the radiative and convective loading on the impacted obstacle, based on that flame structure. Predictions of mean temperatures, gaseous species and soot concentrations, provided by the integral model, are used in an adaptation of the discrete transfer method and a single grey-plus-clear gas radiation model to determine radiative fluxes. An independent assessment of the performance of the model in determining radiative heat transfer is presented for both laboratory and field scale fires. Convective loading to the impacted obstacle is determined via a Nusselt number/Reynolds number correlation, where local mean velocities, temperatures and thermodynamic properties of the flow are derived from the integral model. The performance of the complete model for predicting total fluxes to impacted obstacles has been assessed by comparing model predictions with data obtained from field scale experiments. In situations where the simplifying assumptions of the integral model for flame structure can be applied, predictions of the model are shown to be in good agreement with the available data.


This invention discloses a device to initialize timing synchronization used in communication system, which comprises a storage unit to storage the received reception sequence samples and to send the storage reception sequence samples to a relativity checking unit, a weighted power computing unit to compute the weighted power of the receipted reception sequence samples and to send the weighted power to a parameter estimation unit, the relativity checking unit to perform the relativity checking of the reception sequence samples sent by the storage unit to generate the relativity coefficient, the parameter estimation unit to estimate the location estimation of the timing synchronization according to the weighted power and the relativity coefficient. This invention also discloses the method and receptor used to initialize timing synchronization in communication system. Very high precision of timing synchronization can be obtained and the errors of the timing synchronization estimation andthe frequency deviation estimation can be greatly reduced by the adoption of this invention.


The authors consider coded block transmission over a memoryless Rayleigh fading channel based on an orthonormal transform. A new block-turbo equaliser is designed and its performance investigated and compared to an improved iterative block decision feedback equaliser.


ABSTRACT This research is aimed to find out the difference of financial performance at PT. Mitrabahtera Segara Sejati Tbk before and after the acquisition. This research is a comparative research which has been conducted by using quantitative approach. This research is focused on the case of a period of 3 years before and after acquisition. The financial performance can be seen from liquidity ratio, solvability ratio, activity ratio and profitability ratio. The data analysis technique has been carried out by using paired sample t-test. Based on the result of paired sample t-test analysis, the performance of liquidity and solvability shows that there is a significant difference after the acquisition has been conducted. The activity and profitability performance shows that there is no significant difference after the acquisition has been conducted, while on return on equity shows there is a significant difference after the acquisition has been conducted. Therefore it can be concluded that the financial performance it is reviewed from liquidity and solvability seems to be able to optimize the profit relatively in a short time, whereas the financial performance when it is reviewed from activity and profitability shows that it has not been able to generate the optimal profit yet. Keywords: Acquisition, financial ratio, and financial performance.


taking into account a) that the introduction and use of technology can contribute to substantial gains in terms of increased productivity, creation of employment and enhanced added value in the economy; b) that technological change may also lead to significant problems such as rising unemployment and increased costs of imports; c) that while the impact of introduction of new technologies or the process of transfer of technology may vary from country to country, it is imperative that policies be fashioned so as to maximize the beneficial effects of technology transfer and to assuage the negative effects,


With the advancement of analytical engines for big data, the healthcare industry has taken a big leap to minimize escalations on healthcare expenditure, while providing a reliably working solution for the customers based on the slice and dice of the collected information. The research and development (R & D) departments of the healthcare players are providing more focus on the stability and the usage of the system in the field. The field studies have created a reliability based feedback loop that has helped R & D provide hotfixes and service packs in shrinking time lines to better answer the customized needs of the user. Given the variety of possible optimizations in the actual usage, the software-hardware product combine such as the Philips Magnetic Resonance (MR) modality has to ensure that the business critical workflows are ever stable. In a nutshell, fault prediction becomes an important aspect for the R & D department because it helps address the situation in an effective and timely fashion, for both the end-user and the manufacturer to alleviate process hiccups and delays in addressing the fault. Reliability growth plot using the Weibull probability plots helps to predict failures that guide reliability centric maintenance strategies [1]; however, this will be a passive application of prediction for the new software yet to be released for market. This paper tries to address the case where a fault/failure at the customer-end can be better predicted for software-under-development with the help of analysis of field data. The terms failures and faults are interchangeably used in the paper to represent error events that can occur at an installed base.


The pursuit of "coordination" has been a prominent theme both in local responses to homelessness and in the current incentives in federal housing policy. This article reviews some of the conditions that make coordination important yet difficult to achieve in the homeless area. A variety of approaches for achieving coordination at the local level are reviewed, ranging from point-of-service coordination to system-design. The local examples are drawn from the cities participating in the evaluation of The Robert Wood Johnson and the Department of Housing and Urban Development Homeless Families Program. The questions of effectiveness and future prospects for homeless service coordination are raised.


Background: The therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin have been expanding due to deeper knowledge of its molecular behaviour and different mechanisms of action. Objective: To present suggested doses of Botox and Dysport for controlling the muscle hyperkinetic activity in facial palsy in the perioral area and to review other uses. Methods: An extensive updated literature review on the success and limits of the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) therapeutic treatments. Results/conclusion: BoNT can be considered to be the preferred single method for many disorders; it has substituted for some conventional surgical methods and it can be associated with other therapies to increase overall treatment performance. Depending on the disorder, the lack of permanent effect causes no major inconvenience.


Front‐end design decisions for a process to produce sustainable aviation turbine fuel from waste materials were presented. The design employs distributed conversion of wastes to oils, which are then transported to a central facility for gasification, syngas cleaning, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and refining, that is, a spoke‐and‐hub approach. Different aspects of the front‐end design, that is, the steps up to syngas cleaning, were evaluated. The evaluation employed a combination of case studies, calculations, experimental investigations, and literature review. The supply of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as a 50:50 mixture of waste‐derived and petroleum‐derived kerosene to meet the demand of an international airport (Pearson, Toronto) was employed as case study. The amount of raw material required made it impractical to make use of only one type of waste. Using the same set of assumptions, it was shown that in terms of cumulative transport distance required, a spoke‐and‐hub approach was twice as efficient as centralized processing only. Technologies for decentralized production of oils were assessed, and oils produced by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in pilot‐scale and larger facilities were procured and characterized. These oils were within the broader compositional space of pyrolysis oils and HTL oils reported in laboratory studies. The oil compositions were employed to study the impact of oil composition on entrained flow gasification. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of pyrolysis and HTL oil entrained flow gasification resulted in H2/CO ratios of syngas and O2 consumption rates in a narrow range, despite the diversity of feeds. At the same time, to produce an equal molar amount of syngas (H2 + CO), less HTL oil than pyrolysis oil was required as feed. Gas cleaning technologies were reviewed to ascertain types of contaminants anticipated after gasification, their removal effectiveness, and Fischer–Tropsch catalyst poisoning potential. Raw syngas cleaning requirements were comparable to that from coal gasification.


The representative sample La0.58Dy0.09Ca0.33MnO3 of Dy doped La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 rare-earth manganites was investigated.The most important effect of Dy doping is to introduce the magnetoimpurity and form the spin clusters which induce dramatically large CMR in La0.58Dy0.09Ca0.33MnO3. The fitting results of field-induced resistivity decrease to the Brillouin function indicate that the CMR is caused by the spin dependent hopping between spin clusters. It is the magnetic field that reduces the size of spin clusters and induces a field-induced irreversible CMR behaviour.


Abstract This article describes recent developments in the Multinational Project in Educational Technology of the OAS, the most important major project in this field in Latin America. The results of the follow‐up study of over 300 graduates of postgraduate courses are presented and show a significant multiplier effect from the project. Aspects of the results of project efforts in institutional development and stimulation of new techniques and knowledge are discussed and some of the efforts in the area of information diffusion are highlighted, particularly the extension of the Journal of Educational Technology which is published by the project. *The opinions expressed in this article are those of the. authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the Organization.


The nonlinear evolution equations(NLEEs) in many natural sciences fields like physics,chemistry and biology,etc.exhibit a rich variety of nonlinear phenomena.We have been very concerned about the exact solutions of these equations.We study the travelling wave solutions for the nonlinear Schr?dinger equations.We first change the equations to an identical differential equations by using the traveling wave transformation.The exact solutions are obtained by using the first integral method with the help of symbol computation software.


Internet is a huge repository of web pages housing tons of information on various sections of human development and implementation. The dark web refers to that part of Internet where the conventional search engines cannot reach as it cannot be indexed. the huge size of this Internet is itself a hindrance in retrieving efficient and relevant information this is the reason there is a need of a good search engine to bring information as relevant as possible to the user. One of the important and crucial process of searching relevant content is web crawling. A web crawler is a buffer that digs the Internet to gather and create a temporary database to further analyze and arrange data. This project is all about designing an efficient Web Crawler that not only crawls the World Wide Web but also focuses on the topic relevant content. The two stage architecture involves site based searching for home pages, prioritize relevant ones for a topic, second stage involves Insite exploring and adaptive link ranking. The efficiency of a crawler depends on the classification of web pages at the first place before ranking them. Naive Bayes Classifier is used in this paper. Efforts are made to improve this classification process by combining the results of NB and SVM classifier. Research has proved that his combination, popularly known as the NBSVM classifier does yield better results.


Abstract In this paper, the frequently noted variation between glottal stops and laryngealization is explored. Possible factors involved in this variation are discussed. The analysis of spectrographic data from the Carinthian Slovene dialect of Sele Fara, where the glottal stop has distinctive function, suggests that speech tempo and perhaps also sentence rhythm may be involved.


Doctors in New Zealand chose to assess the condition of footwear among their gout patients. The results point to a simple preventive measure.


We present a novel set of meta-programming primitives for use in a dependently-typed functional language. The types of our meta-programs provide strong and precise guarantees about their termination, correctness and completeness. Our system supports type-safe construction and analysis of terms, types and typing contexts. Unlike alternative approaches, they are written in the same style as normal programs and use the language's standard functional computational model. We formalise the new meta-programming primitives, implement them as an extension of Agda, and provide evidence of usefulness by means of two compelling applications in the fields of datatype-generic programming and proof tactics.


How does household forest use differ across different types of livelihood strategies? This paper investigates rural livelihood strategies in Malawi and the role forests play in these strategies. Data from a survey of 366 households living around Chimaliro and Liwonde forest reserves in Malawi are used. Principal component and cluster analyses identify four livelihood strategies at each site. The findings suggest that some households turn to forest and other non-agricultural activities to compliment inadequate agricultural income. The results underscore the importance of knowing the types of households that rely upon forests. This information can help policy makers achieve sustainable forest management by balancing forest protection with household needs.


It has now become imperative for routers to support complicated lookup schemes, based on the specific function of the networking hardware. It is no longer possible to ensure an optimal resource utilization using manual organization techniques due to the increasing complexity of lookup schemes, as well as the large number of potential implementation choices. We have developed an automated tool, AutoMapper, which can map lookup schemes onto a particular target architecture optimally, thereby providing a superior alternative to the time-consuming and resource inefficient technique of manual conversion. It is based on an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation that is able to allocate the limited hardware resources for a single lookup scheme, while optimizing any of the three performance metrics of latency, throughput or power consumption. Accurate formulation of the objective function and the constraint equations guarantee optimality in terms of the chosen performance metric. We demonstrate the operation of the developed tool, by successfully mapping complex real world lookup schemes onto a state-of-the art FPGA device, with execution times being under a second on a dual-core computer with 4 GB of RAM, running at 2.40 GHz.


This paper presents a finding from a case study of the convenience store system in Japan. Based upon two theories, strategic network theory and postponement-speculation theory, the evolutionary process of the supply chain management in the convenience store system is explained. Seven Eleven Japan, which is one of the large convenience store chains, has been developing its advanced system for several merchandise categories. This system is beyond the boundary of convenience store chains. The synchronization of production and distribution is persistently being aimed under the condition of the instantaneous consumption.


This  study  was  carried  out  on  100  fish  samples  of  Clarias  gariepinus.  The  samples  were  randomly  collected  from  different localities at Ismailia Canal and its tributaries at different seasons, to investigate the prevalence of enteric parasites, clinical signs, gross and  histo-pathological  changes.  There  were  no  characteristic  clinical  signs  in  the  infested  fish  .However,  emaciation  ,  cyst  like  structures attached  to  the  intestinal  walls,  anemic  internal  organs  and  hepatomegaly  were  observed  .  The  infestation rate was (81%) . The isolated parasites  included  protozoa  (4%),  mainly  (Henneguya,  4%),  digenetic  trematodes  (40%)  including  (Orientochridum  batrachoid,  39%, Astitrema  sp.,  8%  and  Allocreadium  sp.,  23%),cestodes  (32%)  including  (Monobothriodes  ,sp.5%  and  Polyonchobothrium,  29%)  and nematodes  (33%)  including  (Spinitectus  allaeri  6%,  Procamallanus  laeviconchus  ,26%  and  Paracamallanus  cyathopharynx,  31%).  The seasonal prevalence of these  parasites and the clinical signs ,gross and histopathlogical alterations which they cause were also investigated.


The utility model discloses a water body prepressing load structure of a soft soil foundation, characterized in that the water body prepressing load structure comprises a batardeau, a water-segregated film and a sand cushion. The sand cushion is paved above the soil in the consolidating area. The batardeau is filled around the upper portion in the consolidating area, which forms the carrier of the water body together with the sand cushion. At least one layer of water-segregated film for sealing is paved in the inner side of the water body carrier. The water body prepressing load structure of the utility model employs water body as the prepressing load material of the soft soil foundation, and utilizes the water dead weight to form prepressing load. Compared with the prepressing load of solid heaped material, the water body prepressing load structure is capable of saving resources of sand, rock, soil and the like. The water load is capable of adjusting loading according to the uneven sedimentation of the foundation, wherein the sedimentation is more serious, the water is deeper and the load is higher. The upper load of the profound soft soil can be facilitated, and the later uneven sedimentation can be reduced. The technology can save investment and shorten time limit of a project.


The Loess Plateau (LP) is a heavily soil-eroded area. Since the year 1999, the Chinese government has carried out the "Grain for Green Project (GGP)" that has focused on increasing the regional vegetation coverage. Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem services and the synergy in the LP is important for prospective regional re-vegetation and watershed administration. Therefore, three typical watersheds in the LP were selected: Huangfuchuan, Dalihe, and Yanhe. The spatial and temporal changes in carbon storage (CS), soil conservation (SC), and water yield (WY) in the watersheds were analyzed by the InVEST model from 2000 to 2020. Correlation analysis and root mean square deviation (RMSD) were used to investigate and compare the trade-offs in different ecosystem services (ESs). The results showed that the ES in the Huangfuchuan, Dalihe, and Yanhe watersheds overall developed in a positive direction, and increased from north to south. CS and SC showed a positive correlation in the three watersheds; however, there were negative correlations between CS and WY and between SC and WY. From 2000 to 2020, the trade-offs among CS, SC, and WY in the study area were in the descending order of the Yanhe, Dalihe, and Huangfuchuan watersheds, while the comprehensive benefits were in the opposite order. The results provided an essential basis for the high-quality development and ecological environment preservation of the Yellow River basin.


The paper presents a class of polynomially solvable instances of Quadratic SemiAssignment Problem. Some properties of this class are illustrated. In the light of these results lower bounds and solution techniques for the general case are proposed. A computational comparison of some lower bounds is reported.


The purpose and end of yoga practices are to achieve Kaivalya, the ultimate freedom that all of us seem to seek. The steps to this final goal are enunciated in Sage Patanjali's Yoga Sutras and it is necessary to follow these steps if one is aiming for the final outcome. Each step in the process of advancement has a specific role in shaping the outcome, and hence, it is necessary to follow each step meticulously. Let us briefly note the contribution of each practice in the overall development of an individual.


The utility model relates to a drum washing machine, in particular to a water circulation drum washing machine. The washing machine comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel, wherein a drainage pump is arranged at the bottom of the outer barrel; a water storage tank is formed at the bottom of the outer barrel and connected with a circulating water pump; and the circulating water pump is connected to the top of the inner barrel through a water pipe. The circulating water pump is used while the inner barrel drives clothes to rotate, and a small amount of water in the barrel is circulated and sprayed on the clothes, so that the clothes are fully wetted, and the aim of saving the water is fulfilled.


Because of existing fence effect,the frequency measurement algorithm based on DFT spectrum peak of signal will produce greatly error,so the correction to DFT spectrum of signal is necessary.The interpolation kernel function and interpolation of correction algorithm of single sine signal based on cubic convolution are derived and shape parameter is determined via simulation.According to the fact of pulse radar signal is constituted of countless sine signals,analysis and correction algorithm of DFT spectrum of pulse radar signal is derived.


Several new automated microplate readers which can take multiple readings in each well have, been commercially developed. Data gathered from one of these readers have been analyzed to determine a parsimonious algorithm for discriminating positive hemagglutination reactions from negative ones. The resulting classification algorithm provides more accurate classification of weak positive reactions than the one point measurements normally used with only a moderate increase in computational complexity.


Herein the authors report on the demonstration of a 50% enhancement in gain and 38% enhancement in continuous-wave laser power on the 1315nm transition of atomic iodine through the addition of a secondary discharge to predissociate the molecular iodine in an electric oxygen-iodine laser. In the primary discharge the O2(aΔ1) is produced by a radio-frequency-excited electric discharge sustained in an O2–He–NO gas mixture, and I(P1∕22) is then pumped using energy transferred from O2(aΔ1). A gain of 0.10%cm−1 was obtained and the total laser output power was 6.2W.


Healthcare quality is a basic demand of patients in a health services delivery system, and it is one of the rights of every patient.1 Therefore, a high-quality consultation is part of the rights of a patient as a citizen.1 2 On the other hand, most physicians, healthcare managers and policymakers will express that the patient–physician relationship is central to healthcare; unfortunately, despite this advocacy, patients seem to be easily overlooked.3 4 Medical consultation is essential to all aspects of healthcare, from history taking to providing information to patients, as it provides the primary means for the diagnosis of a disease, treatment of illness and prevention of health problems.1 2 5 6 Medical consultation is a dynamic, interactive process, during which the physician and the patient co-construct and negotiate the meanings and means of talk.4 7 8 Its success is seen as the joint responsibility of the doctor and the patient. Understanding patients' concerns, preferences and requests is vital in order for physicians to improve the …


Effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), the endogenous ligand of the opioid-like orphan receptor (ORL), were investigated in the rat lateral (AL) and central (ACe) amygdala in vitro. Approximately 98% of presumed projection neurons in the AL responded to N/OFQ with an increase in inwardly rectifying potassium conductance, resulting in an impairment in cell excitability. Half-maximal effects were obtained at 30.6 nm; the Hill coefficient was 0.63. In the ACe, 31% of the cells displayed responses similar to that in the AL, 44% were nonresponsive, and 25% responded with a small potassium current with a linear current–voltage relationship. Responses to N/OFQ were reduced by 100 μmBa2+, were insensitive to 10 μmnaloxone, and were blocked by a selective ORL antagonist, [Phe1ψ(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1–13)NH2(IC50 = 760 nm). Involvement of G-proteins was indicated by irreversible effects and blockade of action of N/OFQ during intracellular presence of GTP-γ-S (100 μm) and GDP-β-S (2 mm), respectively, and prevention of responses after incubation in pertussis toxin (500 ng/ml). These mechanisms may contribute to the role of N/OFQ in the reduction of fear responsiveness and stress that have recently been suggested on the basis of histochemical and behavioral studies.


Water stress is one of the main factors that affect the crop growth.Water stress can induce agricultural drought,and decrease the yield.Analysis on the water stress under rain-fed condition can reflect the influence of local climate and soil on the crop growth.It is very helpful for the agricultural drought management and improving the water use efficiency(WUE).This study simulated the growth of winter wheat under rain-fed condition using EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate Model) crop growth model.The temporal and spatial pattern of water stress was analyzed.It was found that the rainfall in this area could not afford the demand of the crop growth.The water stress in the later period of winter wheat growth season was very serious,especially in the third 10 days of May when the frequency of the severe water stress was up to 48.2%.Through the contrast between regions,the Hebei-Shandong-Henan low-lying plain and the agroforestry hilly region in Shandong were worse than the other two regions in the study period.


Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are one of the main constraints for sheep production worldwide. In Uruguay, the most prevalent and pathogenic parasite is Haemonchus contortus. One approach to control parasite infection is to select genetically resistant animals into a breeding program. Faecal egg count (FEC) is the criterion mostly used to evaluate genetic resistance to GIP, although there are alternative indicators that could be used. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for body weight, FEC, packed cell volume (PCV) and FAMACHA© score. To determine the possibility to include these traits in the genetic evaluation of GIP resistance, as complementary selection criteria to FEC. Data from 15,073 post-weaned lambs, the offspring of 343 rams, were recorded during a 16-year period from 2000 to 2015, from Uruguayan Corriedale stud flocks. A Bayesian analysis was performed to estimate genetic parameters, using a multivariate animal model including post-weaning body weight (BW), FEC, PCV and FAMACHA©. Heritabilities for these traits were of low to moderate magnitude (0.14 to 0.35). Genetic correlations (rg) were close to zero for FAMACHA©-BW, low but favourable for FEC-BW (-0.12) and for FEC-PCV (-0.23), and moderate to high between PCV-BW, PCV-FAMACHA© and FEC-FAMACHA© (0.54-0.73). The high rg between FEC-FAMACHA© estimated in the present study, indicate the possibility to complement both traits in order to select resistant and resilient animal to GIP. There would be an improvement not only at a genetic level but also for the environment and it would curb help to lead with the problematic situation of anthelmintic resistance.


The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), has recently become a persistent and explosive pest of cotton in the southeastern United States. It is, however, attacked by a large and diverse complex of beneficial arthropods and pathogens that appear capable of maintaining beet armyworm populations below economically-damaging levels. Disruption of this complex contributes to outbreaks of S. exigua. It can also exacerbate problems with other pests because the complex of beneficial organisms attacking the beet armyworm is comprised of generalist species that also suppress other pests in the cotton production system. Management of the beet armyworm through conservation of its natural enemies, therefore, provides multiple benefits to growers by managing other pests as well.


In this paper an account is given of a specific acoustical visualization device, called a <c Pohlman cell >), and its use in an acoustical holographic system. A comparison is later made between lens-less holographic visualization and imaging by means of a variable focus liquid acoustic lens. The Pohlman cell depends for its action upon the couple exerted on a disc by an acoustic field (a Rayleigh disc) so that it tends to set << broadside-on )> to the incident radiation, the magnitude of the effect being proportional to the square of the acoustic particle velocity. A number of techniques exist for the visualization of a two dimensional cross-section of an acoustic field. Most of methods available have now been extended to three-dimensional representation by the application of Gabor's [I] holographic imaging technique. Few of the acoustic visualization devices however match the overall performance of the optical photographic emulsion and holography with sound waves may be said to be in search of an (( acoustical


Criminal convictions carry a stigma.' The stigma associated with criminal activity may impact employment opportunities.2 Employers may avoid hiring individuals with criminal convictions because they fear being exposed to liability and feel a criminal conviction reflects poorly on an individual's character, making the employee less desirable and less qualified. However, once people who have been convicted of a crime have served their debt to society, they need the opportunity for meaningful employment in order to rehabilitate their lives and avoid falling into a cycle


In order to achieve an independent nation and national prosperity,Sun Yat-sen proposed the theory of the"three principles of the people"and the"five-power constitution",and timely developed into the new three principles of the people(alliance with Russia,alliance with the Communist Party and support of agricultural workers).But Dai Ji-tao,Chiang Kai-shek and other Kuominists,as heirs of Sun Yatsen,deliberately distorted the three principles of the people.It is the Chinese Communists that are the most loyal inheritors of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause.Only the Chinese Communists can achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and fundamentally realize Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Dream.


Insect stings can produce symptoms ranging from mild local reactions to severe anaphylaxis. The four major stinging insects are bee, wasp, hornet, and yellow jacket, all of which are members of the order Hymenoptera. Unusual reactions reported after insect stings include serum sickness, neurologic disease, renal disease, and delayed hypersensitivity-type reactions (1). However, isolated acute hepatitis has been rarely reported. Here we report a case of acute hepatitis following multiple hornet stings and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying toxic hepatitis. A 50-year-old man had a history of chronic hepatitis B, but normal liver function was documented during the outpatient follow-ups. He presented to our hospital after being stung by more than 200 hornets. He had been fishing near a river where he accidentally disturbed a hornet nest hanging in a tree. He was stung by more than 200 hornets over his nuchal area and bilateral upper arms, causing immediate and intense pain. No anaphylactic shock was noted during the ambulance transport. Upon arrival, his blood pressure was 150/90 mmHg, and he was in no apparent respiratory distress. He denied prior hornet stings, alcoholism, or drug use. The hornet was identified as Vespa affinis using colored insect atlas. Physical examination revealed icteric sclera and numerous sting wounds with swelling over his upper arms and nuchal area. Laboratory data, obtained 4 h after being stung, showed normal complete blood cell counts and markedly elevated aminotransferase levels. His initial serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 1390 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 1457 U/L. His activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was prolonged to 115 sec (control 36 sec), but his prothrombin time (PT) was normal. Results of serial liver function tests and coagulation profiles, obtained after admission to the hospital, are displayed in Figs. 1 and 2. The observed maximum level of ALT was 3156 U/L, AST 3006 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 626 U/L, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) 567 U/L. The total bilirubin checked on the second day was 10 mg/dL and declined gradually afterward. The time to the observed peak levels was 1 day for aPTT and 2 days for AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. Tests for disseminated intravascular coagulation, including fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer, were negative. Acute toxic hepatitis caused by hornet sting was highly suspected. Viral hepatitis profiles, including IgM Anti-HAV, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, HBeAg, and IgM anti-HBc were all negative, excluding other possible causes of acute liver damage. A positive HBV surface antigen was detected with a low HBV DNA level of 23.7 pg/mL, suggesting the unlikely possibility of acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. Abdominal sonography only revealed a fatty liver. No renal failure, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia or rhabdomyolysis was noted throughout his hospital course. His wound pain and pruritus were treated with cold compressants, oral antihistamines, and analgesics. With supportive treatment, the patient's liver function tests improved markedly within 4 days, and he was discharged 1 week later. This case demonstrates two unique characteristics of toxic hepatitis. First, the latent period between toxin exposure and liver injury in toxic hepatitis is usually short, usually within several hours (2). In our case, markedly elevated aminotransferase levels were documented 4 h after the hornet sting. Second, toxic hepatitis occurs with a predictable clinical picture in individuals exposed to the toxin and is dosedependent (2). Multiple or massive stings by hornets can be fatal in children (3,4) but may cause less severe toxic hepatitis in adults if dose-dependent relationship exists. The common findings of the two child fatalities were massive hemolysis, coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, encephalopathy, and hepatotoxicity (3,4). More observations through Address correspondence to Chu-Lin Tsai, M.D., Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Fax: 886-2-23223150; E-mail: email@example.com


The classical uniqueness theorem of Holmgren (as extended to distribution solutions by Hörmander [l]) gives a sufficient condition for UCP for the system (P, x°, F) in the case in which P is a linear partial differential operator with analytic coefficients and the boundary of F is a C hypersurface S. This condition is that 5 is not characteristic with respect to P a t x°. Although this condition is sufficient for UCP it is certainly not necessary. Malgrange [2], Hörmander [ l ] , Treves [3] and Zachmanoglou [4], [5], [ó] have obtained some necessary and some sufficient conditions for UCP but the general problem is still unsolved. In this note we present a necessary and sufficient condition for UCP for first order linear partial differential operators with analytic complex valued coefficients. No additional assumptions on the closed set F are made. Let & denote the ring of all real-valued analytic functions in £2 and let


In this paper, we discuss and study the advantages and disadvantages on multi-media assistance in higher mathematics teaching in different ways. Moreover, we propose some suggestions on improving teaching modes and methods with multi-media assistance.


Solu bili zati on of dimethyl yell ow (DMY ) in dilute ~-cyc l odext rin (~-CD) aqueous so lu tion (the concentrati on range is fro m 0 to 9 x 10-3 M) have becn determined by spectrophotometry at 293.2, 298.2, 303.2,308.2 and 313.2 K respecti vely. The results show that DMY and ~ -CD form hos tgues t co mplex of I: I stoichi ometry. The equi librium constan ts (K,O) of the complexi ng proccss at the five tempcratures arc calcul ated and the thermodynamic parameters (1'>0', 1'>Hil and T1'>S') arc cstimated based on the values of the equi librium constants. The data indi cate that the complcx ing process is an enthalpy dri vcn one.


Nuclear resonant excitation of the 29.19-keV level in $^{229}$Th with high-brilliance synchrotron- radiation and detection of its decay signal, are proposed with the aim of populating the extremely low-energy isomeric state of $^{229}$Th.The proposed experiment, known as nuclear resonant scattering (NRS), has the merit of being free from uncertainties about the isomer level energy. However, it requires higher time resolution and shorter tail in the response function of the detector than that of conventional NRS experiments because of the short lifetime of the 29.19-keV state. We have fabricated an X-ray detector system which has a time resolution of 56 ps and a shorter tail function than the previously reported one. We have demonstrated an NRS experiment with the 26.27-keV nuclear level of $^{201}$Hg for feasibility assessment of the $^{229}$Th experiment. The NRS signal is clearly distinct from the prompt electronic scattering signal by the implemented detector system. The half-life of the 26.27-keV state of $^{201}$Hg is determined as 629 $\pm$ 18 ps which is better precision by a factor three than that reported to date.


Objectives:Fetal intrauterine hypoxia is the main cause mental retardation and epilepsy.This study tried to setup a new system to reduce perinatal death and some irreversible sequelae such as nervous system injury,to predict fetal distress.Methods:Viscosity of whole blood and plasma(BVL,BVH,PV,HCT,Fib)were detected in pregnant women with PIH.Color Doppler was used to detect the resistive indexes(S/D,PI,RI)of fetal middle cerebral arteries.Results:Negative relation ship was demonstrated between mother blood viscosity and resistive indexes of fetal blood flow.The PIH and injured perinatal fetus occurred when mothers hemoheology was abnormal,ie:BVH≥4.63,BVL≥6.23,PV≥1.68,HCT≥0.36.The fetal distress occurred when fetal MCA blood flow dereased to S/D≤4.0,PI≤1.6,RI≤0.6.All above values may be critical prediction of PIH and fetal distress.Conclusions:Monitoring of these indexes might provide the early detection of fetal distress and thus tinely treatment can be considered to improve the health of mothers and fetus.


Objective To understand the situation on immunization of vaccines for National Immunization Program among migrant children in Wenzhou, and to improve the immunization coverage of these vaccines. Method 1543 migrant children who were born from January 1, 2001 to July 30 2007 were investigated in 15 towns from 3 counties in Wenzhou by randomized sampling method. Results The percentage of migrant children who had immunization card, carried immunization card , and were registered were 96.18 %, 81.40 % , and 80.0 % respectively. Among the children aged 1 year, immunization coverage rates of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Oral Poliomyelitis Attenualed Live Vaccine (OPV), Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine (DTP), Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine (MV), Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB), Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine(JEV), and Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine(MPV)were 85.5 %, 82.9 %, 79.7 %, 80.2 %, 78.9 % , 42.4 %, and 26.7 % respectively. In addition, the coverage of timely HepB 1 was 70.7 % ; the scar rate of BCG was 82.7 % . Finally, the boosting immunization rates of OPV, DTP, and MV were 42.6 % , 44.1 % , and 42.9 % respectively. Conclusion The results shows that the immunization rates of NIP vaccines among migrant children were obviously lower than the local children. Thus, the immunization of NIP vaccines among the migrant children in Wenzhou should be strengthed.


Purpose

This paper aims to comprise the new ideas for the efficient implementation to autonomous mobile robot navigation over the complex environment in presence of static obstacles.

Design/methodology/approach

The fuzzy decision via probability and its distribution is applied for the generating objective function subject to the robotics path and obstacle avoidance. The present objective function is formed to achieve high level of significance for the real-time obstacle avoidance and the efficiency.

Findings

The proposed controller makes a robot take its decision effectively in complex environment in a feasible time. In comparison with other AI approaches the proposed controller reflects that the proposed method outperforms in terms of optimal path and quality of solution. The experimental and simulation results are nearly same.

Originality/value

It has been tested in a complex crowded environment to find shorter path than existed approaches. For the validation, the experimental and simulation result using Matlab Software (R2008) has provided at the end of the paper.


Summary form only given. In summary, we have developed MQW (EAM) electroabsorption modulator modules for broadband WDM systems. By utilizing anisotropic electroabsorption, 40-nm bandwidth operation was successfully achieved, and 100-nm bandwidth operation was confirmed by the measurements of /spl alpha/ parameters and the simulations.


(57) Abstract: bromide n- propyl least 90 wt% content to the solvent portion and a nitroalkane, 1,2-butylene oxide and 1,3-dioxolane include 1,4-dioxane does not contain a stabilizer It stabilized solvent composition which was composed of the system. The solvent composition is useful as degreasing agents and cleaning agents in both cold wash system and vapor cleaning system.


A numerical model for computing scattering from a three-dimensional (3D) dielectric object above or below a rough interface is described. The model is based on an iterative method of moments solution for equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities on the rough interface and equivalent volumetric electric currents in the penetrable object. To improve computational efficiency, the canonical grid method and the discrete dipole approach (DDA) are used to compute surface to surface and object to object point couplings, respectively, in O(N log N), where N is the number of surface or object sampling points. Two distinct iterative approaches and a preconditioning method for the resulting matrix equation are discussed, and the solution is verified through comparison with a Sommerfeld integral-based solution in the flat surface limit. Results are illustrated for a sample landmine detection problem and show that a slight surface roughness can modify object backscattering returns.


Excerpt Tuberculosis of the pericardium is a more common finding for the pathologist than for the clinician. It more often occurs in the presence of demonstrable active tuberculous lesions elsewher...


Abstract : This research work aims at the development of the autonomous, self-cooling multi - functional material systems. Similar to our skin that maintains our body temperature, the proposed material system will react to the external heat and open itself for the purpose of self - cooling. Thus, we have coined the term, Perspirable Skin. The autonomous, self-regulating action of the skin comes from the inherent, unique capacity of each material in response to a temperature change . The wide spectrum of the changes in a variety of materials is harnessed to create the openings for self - cooling. In the previously funded program , this concept mainly has relied upon the in - plane de formations on the surface plane of the skin and has limited capacity for self - cooling. This propos ed work intends to explore the possibility of achieving the out - of the plane deformation that can expel a much larger volume of the compressed gas onboard, thus achieving the high capacity for self - cooling. When this happens, the compressed air blankets the surface to prevent frictional heating as a similar technology was found to be incredibly effective in permanent holes on turbine blade . In particular, three approaches are being considered to create considerable out - of - plane deformations for high capacity of self - cooling; (1) Designed thermal deformation, (2) Buckling caused by thermal loading and (3) A hinged structure triggered by intern al pressure . All of these approaches must work with the thermal gradient loading prevalent in such application. At the beginning of the project, the first approach has been undertaken with modest gain in the cooling capacity. Even though the second and third approaches required precision machining capacity - which the request for DURIP has been discouraged due to the budgetary constraint , we were able to work on the development of a material system for the second approach.


We investigated the systemic hemodynamic effects and the early arteriovenous acid–base changes after 2‐h tourniquet ischemia on left hind limb in rats during the first hour of reperfusion. The right femoral artery and vein were prepared and catheterized for direct blood pressure monitoring and blood sampling. In ischemia‐reperfusion group, 5 min before releasing the tourniquet and during the first hour of the reperfusion (5′, 10′, 15′, 30′, 45′, and 60′), arterial and venous blood samples were taken in parallel with a sham operated control group. In the ischemia‐reperfusion group venous pH continuously decreased during reperfusion and was significantly lower compared to control and base in the 60th min, while arterial pH remained almost unchanged. PCO2 and pO2 showed moderate signs of a parallel respiratory compensation. Mean arterial pressure decreased almost by 20%, heart rate slightly increased during reperfusion. Our data indicates that besides the general effects anesthesia, limb ischemia‐reperfusion results in hemodynamic and acid–base changes during the first hour of reperfusion. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006.


The search for life in the universe is a major theme of astronomy and astrophysics for the next decade. Searches for technosignatures are complementary to searches for biosignatures, in that they offer an alternative path to discovery, and address the question of whether complex (i.e. technological) life exists elsewhere in the Galaxy. This approach has been endorsed in prior Decadal Reviews and National Academies reports, and yet the field still receives almost no federal support in the US. Because of this lack of support, searches for technosignatures, precisely the part of the search of greatest public interest, suffers from a very small pool of trained practitioners. A major source of this issue is institutional inertia at NASA, which avoids the topic as a result of decades-past political grandstanding, conflation of the effort with non-scientific topics such as UFOs, and confusion regarding the scope of the term "SETI." The Astro2020 Decadal should address this issue by making developing the field an explicit priority for the next decade. It should recommend that NASA and the NSF support training and curricular development in the field in a way that supports equity and diversity, and make explicit calls for proposals to fund searches for technosignatures.


Patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS) who present to specialist centers after undergoing apparent macroscopic total resection often have a significant incidence of residual tumor and may benefit from reresection of the tumor bed. The potential benefits of such reresection have not been documented adequately.


Every company occasionally deals with the problem of hiring new staff. The issue of selecting of a suitable candidate for a job is often very complicated and many criteria enter the selection and hiring process. This paper proposes an expert system for the selection of the most suitable applicants for employment. A part of the proposed approach is the definition of criteria for selection of suitable applicants and lining to the database of all applicants. Furthermore, this paper introduces each part of the proposed expert system and all the steps are verified on a specific example.


Annual grasses such as wild barley and Mexican sprangletop are of economic concern to alfalfa growers in western Arizona. Thus, granular formulations of thiazopyr (Visor 2.5G), trifluralin (Treflan TR-10), and norflurazon (Zorial 5G) herbicides were evaluated for annual grass control in an established alfalfa field in Mohave County when applied after the first hay cutting in early spring and prior to irrigation. Visor 2.5G was applied in spring 1998 and 1999 at application rates of 0.25, 0.38, and 0.5 lb a.i./acre. Treflan TR-10 was applied at 2.0 lb a.i./acre in early spring or in both early spring and late summer. Visor 2EC was applied at 0.5 lb a.i./acre in spring 1998 but was replaced with Zorial 5G at 2.0 lbs a.i./acre in spring 1999. In 1998, good wild barley control (81%) resulted from a spring application of Visor 2.5G at 0.50 lb a.i./acre. The Visor 2EC formulation at 0.5 lb a.i./acre provided poor weed control (40%) due to the retention of herbicide on the alfalfa foliage and lack of incorporation into the soil by irrigation. In 1999, fair wild barley control (73 to 79%) resulted from spring applications of Visor 2.5G at 0.50 lb a.i./acre and Zorial 5G at 2.0 lb a.i./acre. During summer 1998, good Mexican sprangletop control (83-93%) resulted from Visor 2.5G applied at 0.38 and 0.50 lb a.i./acre and Treflan TR-10 applied in both spring and summer at 2.0 lb a.i./acre. No alfalfa phytotoxicity was observed at the rates applied in this study. 1


In the light of latest neutrino oscillation data, we have investigated the one zero Majorana neutrino mass matrix $M_{\nu}$ with zero sum condition of mass eigen values in the flavor basis, where charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal. Among the six possible one-zero cases, it is found that only five can survive the current experimental data, while case with (1, 1) vanishing element of $M_{\nu}$ is ruled out, if zero trace condition is imposed at 3$\sigma$ confidence level (CL). Numerical and some approximate analytical results are presented.


The paper clearly differentiates between spatial update and upgrade and categorises three different methods for the transfer of incremental upgrade information. The impact on both the users and the custodian of the cadastral map are discussed in view of providing the most efficient and timely incremental upgrade information. A strategy that provides the maximum information to the users about the shift in the digital cadastral map and additional serves as input information for any adjustment procedures the user utilise to minimise the associativity problem.


Based on a partial data set collected with the D0 detector at Fermilab during the 1994-1995 p{bar p} Collider run at {radical}s=1.8 TeV, the authors present a preliminary measurement of the W and Z cross-section in the {mu} channel. A preliminary measurement of the W width {Gamma}(W) is derived.


This article describes challenges associated with a tunnel for Singapore's Land Transport Authority's (LTA) Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system tunnel for the Ayer Rajah Avenue (AYA). Focus was on the use of Sprayed Concrete Lining (SCL) as reinforcement for the tunnel. Geological conditions and the development and composition of the SCL are described. A finite element model (FEM) was also developed for both tubes of the tunnel's excavation. Ground movements were controlled using top heading, bench, and invert (TBI) methods, which prevented unwanted settlement in the tunnels. TBI also allowed for less deformation because the temporary invert acted as a ring enclosure. The stability of the pillar between the two tunnels was also of concern in this project, and it was stabilized by stiffening the first tunnel with a cast base slab and side walls and pillar stitching, among other methods.


The leading-edge separation bubble of a blunt circular cylinder was excited by sinuous disturbances with single-frequency components at Reynolds numbers of the order of 105. The disturbance was introduced by a woofer installed inside the cylinder through a thin slit along the separation edge. The level of the disturbances was defined by (i) the positive peak value of the sinuous velocity fluctuation at the middle of the slit without the main flow, and (ii) the r. m. s. value of the velocity fluctuation at a position immediately upstream of the separation edge with the main flow. Method (ii) was found to be more appropriate than method (i) although the latter was employed by previous investigators. In both methods the reattachment length was less than that for the unexcited separation bubble, attaining a minimum at a particular excitation frequency. This frequency for (ii) was approximately 5 times the frequency of shedding of large-scale vortices from the reattachment region. The vortex-shedding frequency was interpreted in terms of a feedback mechanism in which a disturbance produced by a large-scale vortex impinging on the surface propagates upstream to be accepted at the separation edge to modify the rolling-up of the separated shear layer.


The new round of curricula reform is of revolutionary importance. New curricula for multipurpose practice activities need a new system of objectives for support. In setting the objectives, the following four domains should be taken into consideration:goals of instruction, origin of course objectives, orientation of course objectives,and determination of objectives.


Search string: (((((((((("Abstract":drawback) OR "Abstract":challenge) OR "Abstract":limitation) OR "Abstract":issue) OR "Abstract":difficulties) OR "Abstract":problem) OR "Abstract":constraint) OR "Abstract":shortcoming) AND "Abstract":agile) AND "Abstract":software) ((((((((((("Abstract":drawback) OR "Abstract":challenge) OR "Abstract":limitation) OR "Abstract":issue) OR "Abstract":difficulties) OR "Abstract":problem) OR "Abstract":constraint) OR "Abstract":shortcoming) AND "Abstract":extreme programming) AND "Abstract":software) NOT "Abstract":agile)


The atmospheric fate of pesticides can be studied at the large outdoor European simulation chamber (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The reactions that can be carried out at EUPHORE (European PHOtoREactor) include photolysis using natural sunlight, OH, NO3 and ozone initiated oxidation reactions. The EUPHORE facility is up to the moment, one of the best equipped outdoor photoreactor worldwide. The installation consists of two half-spherical photoreactors made of FEP-foil (Teflon®) transparent to sunlight (also UV), each with a volume of 200 m approximately. For the detection of the compounds, the chambers are equipped with a wide number of sophisticated analytical techniques, ranging from monitor type instrumentation, chromatographic techniques and particle measurement as well as in-situ optical measurements in addition to the important physical parameters.


The article focuses on the possibilities of application of the Computerized System-Cognitive Analysis (CSC-Analysis) and the "Eidos" Intellectual System for the Russian criminal discourse in its various aspects. In the work, the author shows some simultaneous ways to transfer information to the Initiated and hide it from others. The author distinguishes such public-key cryptography system from their background and proves its resistivity to modern cryptography methods. The New Thieves' (Felons') Law as a public-key cryptography system is based on asymmetric functions, works according to the Kerckhoffs's law, uses accidental public keys and "knapsack trapdoors" (RSA algorithm and the Diffie-Hellman-Merkle Key-Exchange Protocol). The terms are used in this paper according to modern level of scientific knowledge. In the Russian criminal discourse, the mathematical principle for such system is called "The Russian Felony Idea". A classical content-analysis applicable for other ways to hide transferred information in this paper is inconsistent for such cryptosystem. The author also suggests some ideas concerning further modifications of the "Eidos" Intellectual System to apply it sufficiently for such public-key cryptography system. Moreover, the author focuses on the problem of the New Thieves' (Felons') Law as Fait juridique


We show experimentally that semiconductor lasers with a double cavity or with an injected signal behave dynamically as excitable media. We perform experimental tests in order to characterize excitable pulses. We also present experimental evidence of coherent resonance as the amount of noise is increased in the system.


A review was given about the current status of study on the corrosion behavior of submarine pipeline in sea mud.Moreover,the basic principle of corrosion of submarine pipelines as well as relevant research progress was briefed.The corrosion features as well as methods for evaluating the corrosion behavior of submarine pipelines were introduced.In addition,suggestions were provided about the future direction of submarine pipeline corrosion in sea mud area.


A drilling assembly is provided for drilling a hole into a zygoma of a patient. The assembly can comprise a template, an extension unit, a drill guide unit, and first and second drills. The template can be configured for orientation within a patient's mouth and can comprise a guide sleeve having a longitudinal axis extending towards the zygoma when fitted on the patient. The extension unit can include a central bore and be slideably received within the guide sleeve. The drill guide unit can also include a central bore of a different diameter than that of the extension unit. The first drill can be slideably received within the central bore of the guide sleeve. The second drill can have an outer diameter different than that of the first drill and can be configured to be slideably received with the central bore of the drill guide unit.


Four Bartholin's gland carcinomas constituting 5.3% of vulvar cancer and illustrating the aggressive nature of this tumor are presented. A racial preponderance for Caucasians is mentioned. The pertinent literature is reviewed and recommendations consist of increased physician awareness, closer follow-up of benign disease, careful re-evaluation of unresponsive bartholinitis, frequent use of biopsy, excision rather than marsupilization of Bartholin's lesions in the elderly, and routine use of cytology at the time of marsupialization.


Development of a unified strategy for the total synthesis of the enmein-type ent-Kauranoids is disclosed. A total synthesis campaign of this class of natural products is of particular interest due to the potent anti-proliferative activity of these natural products across a wide range of cancer cell lines. The synthetic strategy described relies upon formation of the central lactone unit through a challenging reductive crosselectrophile coupling reaction. This route is highly convergent, as it assembles the reductive coupling substrate through an esterification reaction of a stereochem.-rich epoxy alc. with a structurally complex [3.2.1|-bicyclooctane. The epoxy alc. can be assembled through a diastereoselective oxidn. sequence while the [3.2.1|-bicyclooctane can be prepd. through a gold-catalyzed Conia-ene reaction. The modularity of this synthesis can potentially provide access to a wide range of natural products with varying backbone functionalization. Current efforts directed toward the development of key reactions in this sequence and their application to the synthesis of these products will be presented.


During the early modern period, Europeans not only began to "discover" and conquer the world, but they also showed a growing interest in the usefulness of knowing the natural resources of their home territory.1 This trend intensified in the second half of the 18th century, when rulers came to appreciate the importance of such knowledge and supported initiatives to survey their subject territories. At the same time, new methods of generating knowledge emerged. Besides, and in collaboration with, state administrations, different actors took part in such efforts, including individual researchers as well as associations. In addition, let us not forget those local informants whom the "experts" often resorted to and had to rely on. In the Swiss city-state of Zurich, it was a private society, the "Physical Society," which took the first steps in this direction. In my article, I want to examine its motivation for doing so, as well as the methods it used and the theories that guided its activities. The focus will be on two cases where the society actively and systematically collected information: first, the censuses of the city's residents and, secondly, the Society's manifold efforts to gather information on the rural population and its subsistence strategies. Finally, this paper will show what the Society's new picture of Zurich and its territory looked like, and what conclusions the members drew from that. To begin with, however, let us provide some useful contextual information on the Society and the city where it was located.


Araceae is a family plant that generally inhabits the tropical region with relatively high humidity such as The Batang Toru Forest Area. Environmental conditions such as humid or wet, watery, shady and high rainfall support the growth of Araceae species. Araceae have an unique spadix inflorescence characteristic that protected by spatha. A study on Araceae in Batang Toru Forest Area has never been conducted, leaving the unknown status of the species diversity and distribuion. The aims of this study was to invent Araceae in The Batang Toru Forest West Block area. The study was carried out from July to September 2018. The exploration method were used to invent the Araceae along the existing track path. There were 34 species of Araceae belonging to 8 genera found in the study side. All of species, 25 of them were lived as terrestrial and 9 of them were as epiphytes. The genera with the most species are Homalomena (12 species) and the least are Pothos (1 species). Araceae can lived on the soil, stones, trees, riparian and pond. Araceae can be found at various altitude with high air humidity (73-99 %) and warm temperature (17-27 °C). Araceae also like acid soil (4-7), warm (19-27 °C) with various humidity (1.5-8).


The objective of this paper is to model the rime-ice accretion process on a horizontal-axis wind turbine blade(HAWT)operating under icing conditions with the help of Fluent,a commercial CFD code.A 4-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the droplet trajectory equation.Ice shape is determined with the assumption that all droplets freeze at their points of impact and that the ice grows in the direction normal to the surface.The flow field around the airfoil with software Fluent was simulated,to compare the correspondent aerodynamic performances variation before and after icing.Results indicate that the ice accretion leads to the loss of maximum lift coefficient by about 27%,the decrease of stall angel by about 4°and the drag coefficient increase by nearly 38% under the weather conditions of the simulation.Stall is the main reason for all these aerodynamic performances worsen.


The rear entrance ski boot comprises a boot shell to which a front quarter and a rear quarter are hinged. Also provided is a closure means for tightening the rear quarter toward the front quarter. The invention is peculiar in that it comprises a rear inner quarter connected to the cited shell and spanning the lateral and heel areas of the foot at the ankle region, the rear inner quarter fitting at least partially within the area bounded by the cited rear quarter, for securing the ankle region.


The objective of this report was to (a) determine if charge-transfer reactions occurred in IMS (ion mobility spectrometry), (b) explore trends in charge-transfer selectivity in binary mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons, (c) quantify behavior of photoionization-IMS response curves, and (d) compare these events to CI (chemical ionization) selectivity of the same compounds. Aromatic hydrocarbons were chosen for convenient comparison of results with prior findings in PI-IMS.


Machine learning models are essential tools in various domains, but their performance can degrade over time due to changes in data distribution or other factors. On one hand, detecting and addressing such degradations is crucial for maintaining the models' reliability. On the other hand, given enough data, any arbitrary small change of quality can be detected. As interventions, such as model re-training or replacement, can be expensive, we argue that they should only be carried out when changes exceed a given threshold. We propose a sequential monitoring scheme to detect these relevant changes. The proposed method reduces unnecessary alerts and overcomes the multiple testing problem by accounting for temporal dependence of the measured model quality. Conditions for consistency and specified asymptotic levels are provided. Empirical validation using simulated and real data demonstrates the superiority of our approach in detecting relevant changes in model quality compared to benchmark methods. Our research contributes a practical solution for distinguishing between minor fluctuations and meaningful degradations in machine learning model performance, ensuring their reliability in dynamic environments.


The groundwater is a characteristic of many factors and solubility of fluoride minerals, pH, temperature, ions in the water though fluoride enters the body through drinking water (1). Fluoride is the formation of the bond with metals (CaF2) in groundwater, a natural component in the environment fluoride is accessible Fluorite fluorspar, rock phosphate, cryolite, apatite, hydroxylapatite, mica, hornblende fluoride beyond suitable quantities (0.6 to 8 mg/L) in groundwater is the main problem in many parts of the arena (2). Fluorine is the lightest individual from the halogen gathering and one of the greatest responsive of every synthetic factor. It is thusly not found as fluorine in the earth. Fluorine is moreover the most electronegative everything being equal and subsequently, has a solid inclination to assemble a negative rate to frame a monovalent particle, fluoride (F ) (3). Fluoride in groundwater is chief trouble in many components of the global. Around two hundred million human beings from 25 countries have fitness risks because of excessive fluoride in groundwater. In India too, there has been a growth within the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Healthcare professionals globally are facing challenges with the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngologists are at a higher risk of exposure to aerosols from potential sources. Innovations to mitigate aerosols and deliver optimum patient care are the need of the hour. We aim to highlight a modified face shield that can be safely used for outpatient fiberoptic laryngoscopy.


Proton drivers with 5 MW average beam power are needed for short pulse spallation neutron sources as well as for neutrino factories. The main design goal is to avoid activation at the linac end and to guarantee loss free ring injection afterwards. Particle loss is caused by the development of a halo around the dense beam core. Only particles with large amplitudes in real space can cause activation. Loss free ring injection however requires at the linac end very limited energy and phase fluctuation of the bunch center and an unfilamented 6d phase space distribution. Numerical results are presented for noticeable mismatch later on caused by correlated field errors for bunched beams in periodic focusing channels. Monte Carlo simulations are shown for the 214 mA ESS linac by assuming a matched input distribution, but±1% correlated field errors at 70 MeV for a limited number of periods. Clearly visible is then at the 1334 GeV final energy more than 10% mismatch of all 3 beam radii, modest halo formation and quite large shift in energy and phase of the bunch center. For a space charge effected, but not dominated linac design, the single particle amplitude is limited to twice the initial mismatched core size. But in phase space single particles can have values above 40 ∗ rms for 30% mismatch of an unfilamented beam at the entrance of the high energy linac section. This case represents halo formation caused by current fluctuations and accumulated field errors. 1 BEAM LOSS BY EXCITING A 90 RESONANCE DUE TO CORRELATED FIELD ERRORS Particle loss is caused by the development of a halo around the dense beam core, driven by mismatch, high space charge and temperature anisotropy. For realistic particle distributions with nonlinear space charge forces, particles inside the beam core can have different tunes. Parametric particle-envelope resonances can occur between the single particle tune and the frequency of the mismatched oscillating beam core [1]. In a periodic focusing channel additional resonances and instabilities, which don't exist in an uniform channel, can influence the single particle motion. The envelope-lattice instability effects the whole bunch, whereas especially the 90 particle-lattice resonance drives single particles either to large radial or axial amplitudes . A parametric particle -lattice resonance can be excited either by temperature exchange or by mismatch [2]. For a space charge effected, but not dominated linac design with moderate temperature anisotropy, visible halo formation requires about 30% mismatch of the 3 beam radii if the envelope-lattice instability and either radial or axial 90 particle-lattice resonances are avoided . As field errors are typically at the % level, it is generally believed that field errors cannot be lead to 30% mismatch of the beam radii. The argument is correct for uncorrelated field errors in an uniform focusing channel. But it is not necessarily valid for correlated field errors in a periodic focusing channel. In Fig. 1 the oscillations of the rms phase width are shown for matched zero current beam in a periodic transport channel with90.3 longitudinal zero current tune. For the first 40 focusing periods, correlated RF errors of +1% resp. -1% from period to period are assumed. After 20 "superperiods", no error distribution is applied. Clearly visible are amplitude modulated phase oscillations with 180/period in the error free transport channel above period number 40. The phase width differs by more than 10% from its matched input value, compared to about 0.25% as expected from an uniform focusing channel with 1% field error. The reason is the enforced superperiod with its about 180 longitudinal zero current tune. Having +1% resp. 1% field error from period to period in an uniform focusing channel, these superperiod channel is unstable for an error free longitudinal zero current of 90 ±0.3o. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


Despite the success of the salvinia weevil ( Cyrtobagous salviniae ) at controlling giant salvinia ( Salvinia molesta ), its impact on the timing of reduction of giant salvinia cover and recovery of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and dissolved oxygen remains unknown. A two-year field study (2016 to 2017) was conducted in coastal wetlands in southwestern Louisiana to measure the impact of biological control of giant salvinia. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, weevil densities, and giant salvinia and SAV cover were assessed at 36 sampling locations comprising canals, small ponds, and large ponds. Results showed that adult weevils were distributed across the landscape. In 2016 mean adult densities were 46.9 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 42.5 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 38.7 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. In 2017 mean adult weevil densities were 28.2 kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 12.3 kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 29.4 kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. Percent cover of SAV was zero at all three site types in July 2016 but increased by 29.4, 35.0, and 73.3% in small ponds, canals, and large ponds, respectively, from July 2016 to January 2017. Our models demonstrate that higher adult weevil densities in June lead to faster control of giant salvinia and SAV recovery, subsequently increasing dissolved oxygen levels. The models can be used to estimate months needed to control salvinia given weevil density, percent salvinia cover, and site type. Resource managers could apply this to inform about timing to control and guide management decisions.