The role of the boundary conditions in the Wigner-Seitz approximation applied to the neutron star inner crust. Abstract The influence of the boundary conditions used in the Wigner-Seitz approximation applied to the neutron star inner crust is examined. The generalized energy functional method which includes neutron and proton pairing correlations is used. Predictions of two versions of the boundary conditions are compared with each other. The uncertainties in the equilibrium configuration (Z, R c) of the crust, where Z is the proton charge and R c the radius of the Wigner-Seitz cell, correspond to variation of Z by 2 – 6 units and of R c , by 1 – 2 fm. The effect of the boundary conditions is enhanced at increasing density. These uncertainties are smaller than the variation of Z and R c coming from the inclusion of pairing. The value of the pairing gap itself, especially at high density, can depend on the boundary condition used. In the last two decades the interest on the structure of the neutron star inner crust has been stimulated by the increasing number of observational data on the pulsar glitches. The latter are commonly explained in terms of the dynamics of superfluid vortices within the inner crust of neutron stars (see [1] and Refs. therein). By " inner crust " one usually indicates the part of the shell of a neutron star with sub-nuclear densities 0.001ρ 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.5ρ 0 , where ρ 0 is the normal nuclear density. According to present-day ideas, the bulk of the inner crust consists mainly of spherically symmetrical nuclear-like clusters which form a crystal matrix immersed in a sea of neutrons and virtually uniform sea of electrons. Such a picture was first justified microscopically in the classical paper by Negele and Vautherin (NV) [2] within the Wigner-Seitz (WS) approximation. Up to now, the WS method remains to be quite popular in this field. Only recently a more consistent band theory was developed for the deep (high density) layers [3], where the " lasagna " or " spaguetti " structure of the crust matter is supposed to be favored, and for 1


We focus on maximum ratio combining at each base station and switching between base stations (BSs) as a simple macrodiversity technique. We obtain analytical results for pointwise outage probabilities for systems using one or a combination of both techniques to cover a desired area, assuming a certain correlation model for the set of path losses of the links connecting a terminal to the receiving BSs. Pointwise outage probabilities are averaged over the entire region of interest to get an estimate of the outage in the desired region. A comparison of micro- and macrodiversity schemes in terms of the outage gives insights as to the tradeoff between the two forms of diversity in the design of a cellular system.


In the first decade of this century subsequent Portuguese governments promoted two large programmes (RVCC Centres, 2001-2005, and Novas Oportunidades, 2006-2010) aimed at improving the educational qualifications of the adult population by means of an extended network of centres in charge of apprising prior and experiential learning. Based on the Quadros de Pessoal survey this paper assesses the wage return to the recognition of prior learning promoted by the RVCC Centres and the Novas Oportunidades programmes by means of DID-PSM estimates. The outcomes of the empirical analysis outline non-negative wage effects from participation in recognition of prior learning compared to traditional formal adult education. However, the path undertaken to upgrade individual qualification matters. Participation in recognition of prior learning under the RVCC Centres initiative resulted in no significant wage increases compared to formal adult education, whereas differentials became mostly positive and statistically significant under the Novas Oportunidades programme.


The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto gelatinized potato starch has been carried out at 70 oC using chromic acid as an initiator. The different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, initiator and monomer concentrations were optimized to get the maximum percentage grafting. The maximum grafting (93.54%) was observed at 60 oC, 0.57 molL -1 of acrylic acid and 0.03 mmolL -1 of chromic acid. The grafted samples were evaluated for other physico-chemical properties such as swelling behavior, moisture absorption and chemical resistance. The grafted samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The graft copolymers have been successfully used for the removal of metal ions and organic dyes from aqueous system. Copyright © 2012 VBRI Press.


A wrapper (510) for a smoking article comprises a sheet material extending in a first direction (24) in which the wrapper (510) is wrapped around a smoking article and a second direction (20) perpendicular to the first direction (24). The wrapper further comprises a window (512) in the sheet material, the window (512) having a perimeter wherein the perimeter comprises a first portion (518) that defines a projection (516) of the sheet material into the window (512). The projection (516) is delimited by the first portion (518) of the perimeter and a straight line (520) forming a tangent to each end (522, 524) of the first portion (518) of the perimeter, and the distance between the straight line (520) and the point on the first portion (518) of the perimeter furthest from the straight line (520) in a direction perpendicular to the straight line (520) is less than 1 millimetre.


Industrial products avocado-based include guacamole, pasta, frozen portions and crude oil. The pulp is susceptible to browning reactions and deterioration. Several technologies have been developed to control browning. A technology that could reduce the browning is the method of flash vacuum-expansion. In this process the plant material is heated by steam and then is introduced into a vacuum chamber where occurs disintegration due to their instantaneous vaporization of part of the water constituent. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the processing times of flash vacuum-expansion method on changes during refrigerated storage (5C) of physical characteristics (color and brightness) and biochemical (titratable acidity, pH, polyphenoloxidase activity and total phenols) of avocado puree. The color (102–106 8Hue) and luminosity (L556–60) of the puree are stable for at least 15 days. Modifies the initial pH (6.7–6.4). Polyphenoloxidase is inhibited and phenolic compounds increased. (Resume d'auteur)


Digital chaotic behavior in an optically processing element is reported. It is obtained as the result of processing two fixed trains of bits. The process is performed with an optically programmable logic gate, previously reported as a possible main block for optical computing. Outputs for some specific conditions of the circuit are given. Digital chaos is obtained using a feedback configuration. Period doublings in a Feigenbaum‐like scenario are obtained. A new method to characterize this type of digital chaos is reported.


The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Abandoned Mined Land Program has built and is operating the Eveline Mine Drainage Treatment Vault near Silverton, CO to investigate innovative passive treatment technologies for acid mine drainage (AMD) in high alpine environments. Column tests of several materials were conducted to determine treatment media to use in the vault. This case study examines the potential of combining Bauxsol TM Acid B Extra™ (an alumina refining by-product) with biochar, pea-gravel, and porous concrete to reduce AMD metal concentrations. The objective of the trial was to create a passive treatment system that (1) reduces metal concentrations in effluent waters, (2) reduces operational costs, (3) utilizes waste streams from industry, and (4) operates in cold weather climates with limited space for infrastructure. Results suggest that the combination of Acid B Extra™ and biochar achieved optimal near term results with >95% removal of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, and >60% removal of Al, while not clogging the pilot test columns.


A method for processing a normal hole via a triaxial numerically-controlled machine tool comprises the following steps: writing a processing program of a track moving toward the inner part of the normal hole along an axes of the normal hole via a computer installed with WINDOWS XP system and UNIGRAPHICS software, selecting a processing knife tool, and invoking the processing program via the triaxial numerically-controlled machine tool to process the normal hole on an inclined plane. The invention has the technical advantages of reducing the procedures of manually hole-processing, omitting unnecessary clearance grooves, and ensuring the normal direction and the position of the normal hole. The invention can save scribing machine embedding procedure (25min for each set) and three-coordinate measurement fine adjustment procedure (30min for each set). The cost of the scribing machine is 200yuan/h, the cost of the three-coordinate measurement machine is 400yuan/h, subtracting 400yuan of the cost of the program, the knife tool and the numerically-controlled machine tool for processing the normal hole, each set can save approximately 140yuan. Each set of checking jig needs to process 8 normal holes and 600 sets of checking jigs need to process normal holes, based on which, 672,000yuan can be saved each year.


A method for determination of seven inorganic elements(Ca, Mg, Mn,Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr) in Jinji Capsules has been developed. The sample was digested by the acid mixture of HNO3+HClO4 (8+2) and then was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that there were many kinds of inorganic elements good to human being health in the Jinji capsules. These elements include Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr and Cu and their contents were determined as 16356.00, 8525.00,714.30, 234.70, 52.49, 34.69 and 2 0.70 μg/g, respectively. The recovery ratios for each element determined by standard addition method were in the range between 95.4% and 104.8%(n=3); and relative standard deviation (RSD) were in the range between 1.4% and 6.2% (n=6). It concluded that the method was simple and rapid, the results were accurate and reliable. It can be used for simultaneous determination of multiple elements in Chinese traditional patent medicine.


TransJakarta since 2004 was expected as the backbone of the public transportation in Jakarta as well as TransMilenio in Bogota. However, the role of TransJakarta only approximately 1, 95% of the overall number of trips has reached 19 million/day. The analysis technique on this paper is descriptive analysis. TransJakarta operational perceived is still not effective, so that the necessary efforts to increase modal share sourced from BRT management best practice in other countries. Efforts could be made to increase modal share, among others, the elimination of thousands of parking and replaced by pedestrian friendly also develop a separate bike lane along 303 km in Bogota (Colombia). TransJakarta operational is still considered less in some aspects that are: total of fTransJakarta fleet, total of feeder route, Transjakarta speed and headway still need improved, overtaking lanes are built along the TransJakarta route, Integration with all public transport is absolutely necessary, integration with pedestrians and bicycle users TransJakarta ticket fares should be integrated with feeder and other public transportation such as KRL, city buses and paratransit and using smartcards. In terms of restrictions on the use of private vehicles can be done in the following ways implement a bike-sharing program, implement program of not using motor vehicles during weekdays for 1 day in a week, providing park and ride, implement fuel restriction program for gasoline purchases, implement car sharing program. If the operational performance of TransJakarta has been improved and restrictions on the use of private motor vehicles are implemented, it is expected that the modal split of road users in Jakarta can be expected to rise to be more ideal. In some other parts of the world some experts say ideal conditions of split capital between public transport and private vehicles can reach 65%: 35%. Hopefully the city of Jakarta can achieve this .


The history of the language policy of the Turks begins with the work Divanu lugat at-turk, written by Mahmud Kashgari in the 11th century. Despite the fact that the XI-XVII centuries were a mixed period for the language policy of the Turkic states and communities, it contained many guiding and important questions for subsequent stages. Issues of language policy, originating from the work of Kashgari, continued with the publication in 1277 of the first order in the Turkic language by Mehmet-bey Karamanoglu, who is one of the most prominent figures in Anatolian Turkic history, and culminated in the creation of the impeccable work Divan in the Turkic language by the great Azerbaijani poet Imadaddin Nasimi who lived in the late XIV - early XV centuries. Later, the great Uzbek poet of the 15th century, Alisher Navoi, improved the Turkic language both culturally and literally, putting it on a par with the two most influential languages of that time, Arabic and Persian. The appeal to the Turkic language and the revival of the Turkic language in literature before Alisher Navoi, the emergence of the Turkic language, both in Azerbaijan and in Anatolia and Central Asia, as well as in the works of I. Nasimi, G. Burkhanaddin, Y. Emre, Mevlana, made this the language of the common literary language of the Turkic tribes: Uzbeks, Kazakhs-Kyrgyz, Turkmens of Central Asia, Idil-Ural Turks, Uighurs, Karakhanids, Khorezmians and Kashgharts. This situation continued until the 19th century. This article highlights the history of the language policy of the Turkic states and communities.


Objective:To examine the expression of osteopontin-dependent receptor CD44v6 in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma tissues and the clinical significance.Methods:Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to detect the expression of osteopontin and CD44v6 in 10 cases of normal ovarian tissue,10 ovarian serous cystadenoma,20 ovary borderline serous cystadenoma and 40 ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma.Results:In ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma,the positive expression of osteopontin and CD44v6 was 80.00%(32/40)and 75.00%(30/40),respectively,which was significantly higher than that of normal ovarian tissues,ovarian serous cystadenoma and borderline serous cystadenoma(P0.01).The positive expression of both factors was associated with the clinical stage,presence or absence of lymph node metastasis,but was unparallel to the ages and pathology grading.Additionally,the expression of osteopontin was positively correlated with that of CD44v6(rs =0.58,P0.01).Conclusion:Osteopontin and CD44v6 may be involved in the genesis,development and metastasis of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma.The two factors detected in combination may serve as a biomarker to evaluate the progress and prognosis of this tumor.


Subtitle: A business jet is parked unlocked on a secure ramp. Strangers sit in silence at the next table. You sense something's not right. It may not be.


Socialization is the process of learning to be a human being that is born with the potential to be human. In this process, the person learns the basic values and norms of the society in which he lives, as well as the skills necessary to sustain his life. This learning takes place through parents, siblings, relatives, neighbors, peers, teachers, and other people with whom the person interacts, although their levels of influence may differ. The transformation of a baby into a human depends on being given the opportunity to live in a human community and learn to be human. As a result of research on children like Victor, Kamala, Shamdev who were abandoned in the forest and isolated at home like Isabella, Anna, Genie and Danielle, it has been observed that individuals who were deprived of the opportunity to learn to be human could not speak, make strange sounds, lack human feelings, and could not fully perform even simple physical activities such as sitting, standing and walking on two legs. More interestingly, efforts to humanize these people have not been successful enough, with the exception of Isabella. Similar results have emerged in studies conducted on children living in orphanages in different countries of the world, especially in Romania, in case the interaction is not humane, it has been seen that it is not enough to meet the basic needs of children such as food, drink and shelter.


The diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis (MG) is confirmed by clinical features with the presence of MG‐specific antibodies or the effect of intravenous edrophonium (Tensilon) administration. Diagnosis of MG is difficult in cases with negative serologic and Tensilon testing. Electrophysiological tests can support the diagnosis in such cases. Repetitive nerve stimulation testing (RNST) is one such electrophysiological test, and it is usually performed on several muscles.


Moving three-dimensional images have been depicted in many science-fiction films. This has contributed to 3D video and 3D television (3DTV) to be perceived as ultimate goals in imaging and television technology. This vision of 3DTV involves a ghost-like, yet high quality optical replica of an object that is visually indistinguishable from the original (except perhaps in size). These moving video images would be floating in space or standing on a tabletop-like display, and viewers would be able to peek or walk around the images to see them from different angles or maybe even from behind (Fig. 1.1). As such, this vision of 3DTV is quite distinct from stereoscopic 3D imaging and cinema. 3D photography, cinema, and TV actually have a long history; in fact, stereoscopic 3D versions of these common visual media are almost as old as their 2D counterparts. Stereoscopic 3D photography was invented as early as 1839. The first examples of 3D cinema were available in the early 1900s. Various forms of early 2D television were developed in the 1920s and by 1929, stereoscopic 3DTV was demonstrated. However, while the 2D versions of photography, cinema, and TV have flourished to become important features of twentieth century culture, their 3D counterparts have almost disappeared since their peak around 1950. Our position is that this was not a failure of 3D in itself, but a failure of the then only viable technology to produce 3D, namely stereoscopy (or stereography). Stereoscopic 3D video is primarily based on the binocular nature of human perception, and it is relatively easy to realize. Two simultaneous conventional 2D video streams are produced by a pair of cameras mimicking the two human eyes, which see the environment from two slightly different angles. Then, one of these streams is shown to the left eye, and the other one to the right eye. Common means of separating the right-eye and left-eye views are glasses with colored transparencies or polarization filters. Although the technology is quite simple, the necessity to wear glasses while viewing has often been considered as a major obstacle in front of wide acceptance of 3DTV. But perhaps more importantly, within minutes after the onset of viewing, stereoscopy frequently causes eye fatigue and feelings similar to that experienced during motion


This paper presents an analytical study of temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) in core-shell quantum dots (CSQDs) made of most frequently used II-VI semiconducting materials. The analysis incorporates the temperature dependent radiative recombination processes in the calculation of the integrated PL intensity. The PL intensity has been derived using semiclassical density matrix formalism for the CSQDs exhibiting excitonic and biexcitonic features. The numerical estimates show that the PL intensity response and PL peak shifts are non-trivial at low temperature in such CSQDs and can be useful in the design of a temperature sensor.


Objective
Voluntary organ donation is the sole legitimate source of deceased transplantable organs in China. Migrant workers have been major donors. The aim of this study was to examine willingness to communicate about organ donation and identify its predictors among Chinese migrant workers.

Methods
A total of 660 Chinese migrant workers were recruited into the study. Data were collected by the Chinese version of Organ Donation Attitude Scale, Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA), Willingness to Communicate Sale (WTCS), and a socio-demographic data sheet.

Results
A total of 688 eligible migrant workers was approached and 660 workers completed the study with the response rate of 95.9%. Migrant workers reported moderate level of willingness to communicate about organ donation. The best-fit regression analysis revealed five variables that explained 32.6% of the variance in willingness to communicate about organ donation. They were approval of organ donation, obstacle of organ donation, approach acceptance and death avoidance.

Conclusion
Migrant workers who had a stronger feeling about organ donation or death, and stronger altruism tendencies had a higher willingness to communicate about organ donation. Accordingly, the campaign strategy to promote family communication should enhance positive attitudes about donation, alleviate the fear of death and focus on the altruism element of donation behavior.


In its original form due to Ian Hacking, entity realism postulates a criterion of manipulative success which replaces explanatory virtue as the criterion of justified scientific belief. The article analyses the foundations on which this postulate rests and identifies the conditions on which one can derive a form of entity realism from it. It then develops in detail an extensive class of counterexamples, drawing on the notion of quasi-particles in condensed matter physics. While the phenomena associated with quasi-particles pass the entity realist's criterion of manipulative success, quasi-particles themselves are illusions, and can be seen to be so even on the basis of the largely non-theoretical "home truths" that one must be ready to admit as background knowledge. Hence, Hacking's entity realism is shown to be incoherent.


Understanding and knowing the meaning of culture that shape the culture of a nation is the first step. Indonesia as a country that has various shades of different cultures from Sabang to Merauke, the diversity of cultural patterns is a matter of pride that should be preserved and passed on to generations of recipients so that its presence can be maintained. Do not let the culture of Indonesia is claimed by other countries simply because of ignorance and indifference to the Indonesian cultural heritage. Various means have been taken to promote the culture of the archipelago in conventional media such as magazines, books and even articles. Generations who have lived in abundance world of digital media technology is the next target of inheritance. So it would be nice if steps are taken to a great start to focus more on the spread of culture and passed it along the changing times and of course without losing the identity of the nation.


In recent times the main source of energy is fossil fuels which is deposited beneath the earth surface years ago. Due to increased population, the deposited fossil fuels have been severely exploited emitting huge amount of toxins in the environment that diminish the quality of human life. This gave birth to explore the renewable energy. The most abundant source of renewable energy available to us is the Solar Energy, but due to inability of the PV cells to track maximum power point due to varying weather conditions and changing load it is necessary to intensify the output power of the Solar Photovoltaic. In this paper artificial neural network based maximum power point tracking algorithm is proposed to enhance the power output of the Solar PV with changing load and comparison between Perturb and Algorithm, Incremental Conductance and Artificial Neural Network has been done to determine the performance. The purpose of the study is to prove the effectiveness of artificial neural network with varying load over the time.


Summary — Nodulated soybeans, Glycine max (L Merr), were grown under 6 photon flux densities (PFD) from 0.351.03 mmol photons min order to determine the optimal light intensity for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in controlled environment. The nitrogenase activity (C reduction) was highest at 0.68 mmol photons m which also corresponded to the highest growth of plants and the biggest mass of nodules. The specific acetylene reducing activity was not affected by PFD, except at 1.03 mmol photons mwhere it was much lower. Decreasing the PFD had no effect on nitrogenase activity during the following 24 h. By contrast, an increase in PFD rapidly induced a significant decline of nitrogenase activity. At a similar PFD, the periodic light fluctuation was less beneficial than steady illumination for growth and nitrogen fixation. It is concluded that plant photosynthesis determines nodule mass which in turn determines the rate of nitrogen fixation. Nodule nitrogenase activity is not directly regulated by concurrent photosynthesis however, probably because of available photosynthate reserves and other regulatory mechanisms. Excess of light inhibits nitrogenase activity. nitrogenase / nodules / photosynthesis / Rhizobium / Glycine max = soybean


Bone-resorbing osteoclasts and activated macrophages express high amounts of type 5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP; EC 220.127.116.11) (1). Osteoclasts secrete TRACP into the circulation, and serum TRACP has been considered a potentially useful marker of bone resorption. Several technical problems have prevented the use of serum TRACP as a specific marker of bone resorption. Early enzymatic assays lacked specificity because of the presence of interfering acid phosphatases derived from platelets and erythrocytes (2)(3). Serum TRACP can be determined by use of fluoride (4) or by immunoassays with antibodies specific for TRACP (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). However, there are two forms of TRACP in the serum, namely TRACP 5a and TRACP 5b. Of these, TRACP 5b is derived from osteoclasts, whereas TRACP 5a originates from other, as yet unidentified sources (10)(11)(12).

Two diagnostic assays have been developed recently for serum TRACP 5b: a kinetic assay based on the use of specific inhibitors (13), and an immunoassay based on a highly characterized specific monoclonal antibody (12). The TRACP 5b-specific immunoassay has been shown to be a useful method for monitoring antiresorptive therapy (12). We have now further characterized the immunoassay by studying the clinical specificity and clinical sensitivity of serum TRACP 5b in various bone diseases and nonskeletal diseases.

We obtained serum samples from 303 individuals after written informed consent. At the time of sampling, none of the subjects was receiving antiosteoporotic treatment. Healthy premenopausal women, healthy postmenopausal women, and breast cancer (BC) patients without evidence of bone metastases (BC−) were included as control populations. Patients with bone …


A load cell, capable of measuring medial and lateral loads independently, was used to evaluate current methods of ligamentous balancing in total knee arthroplasty. Ten cadaveric knees were randomized with the surgeons blinded or unblinded to the load cell's output. Before ligament resection, there were differences between medial and lateral forces (p The purpose of this study was to employ a tibial load cell to assess current methods of ligamentous balance during total knee arthroplasty, and to determine whether the load cell can improve load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments. Current methods achieve imperfect load balance, however this may be improved with the assistance of an intra-operative load cell. Intra-operative assessment and quantification of load balance with a load cell may improve the longevity of TKA. TKA was performed on five pairs of cadaveric knees which were randomly assigned into one of two groups based upon whether the surgeons were blinded or unblinded to the load cell's output. A validated tibial load cell, capable of measuring medial and lateral loads independently, was inserted. Compartment forces were recorded at discrete flexion angles prior to ligamentous balancing and again after soft tissue balancing with final components cemented into position. Initially, there were significant differences between the loads in the medial and lateral compartments (p Failure to achieve ligamentous balance results in instability and unequal load distribution. Current balancing techniques are not perfect, but appear to be improved with the use of the load cell. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to improve the load distribution following TKA.


In this article, I address three questions: first, and most important, why scientists at all levels should care about gender equity in research; second, why there are so few women in science, from graduate school all the way to top-level research in academia and industry; and finally, what can be done to redress the imbalance. I argue that we should strive for gender equity because of a sense of justice, a desire to advance scientific knowledge, and a wish to improve the public image of science. I also make specific proposals that would make scientific research friendlier toward women, especially in graduate education.


Aiming at the characters of strength and strain localization of some anisotropic sand,an anisotropic constitutive model for sand with the method of macro-micro incorporation is employed to analyze the strain localization of sand.A novel anisotropic state employed in the model which is based on the critical state and state-dependent theories and the method of macro-micro incorporation describes the anisotropy of sand.In view of the relationship of fabric and stress state,the model can describe the mechanical characters of anisotropic sand under drained triaxial condition.From the view of sand microstructure,the model can explain the effect on the strength of plane strain tests when the shear band appears.One set of model constants can simulate well the strength responses and inclination angles of shear bands of Toyoura sand under different confining pressures and different bedding planes.


In this paper we propose a new projection method to solve large-scale continuous-time Lyapunov matrix equations. The new approach projects the problem onto a much smaller approximation space, generated as a combination of Krylov subspaces in $A$ and $A^{-1}$. The reduced problem is then solved by means of a direct Lyapunov scheme based on matrix factorizations. The reported numerical results show the competitiveness of the new method, compared to a state-of-the-art approach based on the factorized alternating direction implicit iteration.


Oxidation of lactic acid, α-hydroxyphenyllacetic acid and its 4-chloro derivative with quinolinium dichromate (QDC) in 30% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid at 303 K are first order in QDC and first-order in hydroxy acids. The reactions are acid-catalyzed and a medium of low dielectric constant favours the oxidation. The products are the corresponding aldehydes. Thermodynamic parameters are evaluated and a mechanism involving a C-C bond cleavage is proposed.


Abstract : To meet the demands of complex contemporary conflicts, civilian and military actors need to work together. Reaching the population and acquiring their support is often vital to mission success. Key Leader Engagement (KLE) is an important element of C2 that the commander can use to achieve this. KLE is not a new phenomenon. Military commanders and diplomats have been meeting with important local officials for decades in different countries and mission areas. However, the nature of contemporary conflicts and the need for collaborative C2 have renewed the interest in this concept. This paper is based on a literature review and interviews with Swedish civilian and military personnel who have conducted KLE during international missions. The paper gives a description of what KLE is and how it can be used in civil-military operations. It identifies common challenges associated with these activities and discusses how they can be met. The paper shows that there are inadequately developed procedures for conducting KLE and that these need to be further developed to enhance commanders' ability to perform C2 in complex operations. The paper argues that even though there are challenges, KLE is an important element of C2 in multinational operations. The presentation includes briefing charts.


A method of hydrophobic thermal insulation molding having a hydrophilic silica microporous, in a method of treating at least one organosilane of the molded product, heat-insulating molded article having a hydrophilic silica fine porous how in the chamber that houses, characterized in that the pressure difference until Delta] p> 20 mbar, introducing a gaseous one or more organosilane under reaction conditions a.


The key point of Three Rural Problems is peasants' problem.It's of great importance to raise peasants' quality and get rid of poverty through education.In recent years peasants' education in Western areas has improved peasants' quality,but in contrast with the advanced experiences in rural areas home and abroad,problems are still thare. To solve those problems,we should launch great efforts to solve the problems of fund investment,thinking concept and the combination of agriculture,technology and education,Meanwhile,we need further the improvement of educational system in western areas so that the whole quality of peasants will be promoted.


The author outlines aggregate process control procedures applicable to both single-plant and multiple-plant operations. The elements in establishing a control program covered here include: the basic plan, the selection and training of technicians, the sampling locations, and rapid testingand reporting methods. The main benefit of an effective control program is that it minimizes the chance of incurring penalties in the form of price reductions when the aggregate is used in products which fail to conform to the requirements of statistical or end-result specifications. Other benefits are also discussed.


The isotope shifts of eight lines of Sb I covering the UV–NIR spectral range have been measured. We used two different experimental techniques: high-resolution emission spectroscopy and optogalvanic absorption spectroscopy with a tunable dye ring laser system. Recurring to pseudo-relativistic Hartee–Fock estimates, the field and specific mass shifts of numerous configurations were evaluated. The comparison between experimental and ab initio line shift values is very satisfactory.


The condition switch and control tactics of CODAD were studied according to the results of experimentation and theoretic analysis. At the same time, an optimized design of the gear case was introduced also, and the conclusion was educed in the end.


In a biomass-driven bioprocess, the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) is controlled indirectly by controlling biomass concentration. Because the DOC depends not only on biomass concentration, but also on other factors (e.g. substrate concentration, efficiency of the aeration system), this solution may cause a decrease in the DOC below a critical level. To remedy this, in the presented article, a biomass-driven model that takes into account the DOC is developed and its accuracy is evaluated with experimental data. Then, the extended analyses and exemplary simulations of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae aerobic growth are carried out. The main aim of these analyses and simulations is the maximization of the biomass growth by ensuring good aerobic conditions and preventing against fermentation.


The contribution of Swami Vivekanand in Indian Renaissance is like ocean which filled by him with Dharma, Politics, nationalism and international Upnishads and Science.


Excess black-water flooding in central Thailand resulted in closure of several healthcare facilities in the Fall of 2011. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were presumably at risk for interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART), with consequent treatment failure. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of ART use among patients in care at a Thai HIV clinic that closed due to excess flood water. Among 217 patients on ART who had clinic appointments within the one-month interval before the floods through the one-month interval after the clinic re-opened, seven (3%) reported non-sustained ART access. Non-sustained ART access was independently associated with prior low self-reported ART adherence (P<0.001) and less than six-months duration on the ART regimen (P=0.03). Advanced ART receipt or procurement at other flood-free healthcare facilities were strategies associated with ART access. During a flood disaster, identification and close monitoring of at-risk patients, patient–staff communication, flood preparedness plans, "HIV care access for all" policies, and collaboration among patients, healthcare providers and the government are relevant issues within preparedness plans to optimize ART access.


This article analyzes the role of Imperial Free Economic Society as the first scientific society in Russia. The author presents the "Soviet" and "imperial" approaches to the genesis of the Imperial Free Economic Society and substantiates the arguments in favor of the reality of the "imperial" approach. The participation of academicians in the Free Economic Society in the first phase of its activity is analyzed. The paper shows the principles of the organization of the Society and the significance of changes in the charter of IFES as a factor of its evolution. It reveals the influence of the Imperial Free Economic Society on Russia's development. The emphasis is on openness, the main principle of activity of IFES throughout the entire period of its existence. The first instance of use of advertising activities in the history of Russian scientific societies .The author substantiates the provision for the establishment of Russia's first endowment of the scientific society, which created the basis of financial independence of the Society's activities. The author highlights the interdisciplinary approach in the development of the Imperial Free Economic Society and reveals the interaction of IFES with other scientific societies. The forms of organization of the scientific activities of the Society are shown which are of interest to modern research centers. The author emphasizes the role of the Imperial Free Economic Society in the formation of Russian economic culture.


A simple competitive immunoassay was developed for the measurement of glyphosate in food samples. It employed the avian antibodies (IgY) that recognised glyphosate as a capture reagent and glyphosate–alkaline phosphatase conjugate as an enzyme label. The assay depended on the competitive binding between the antibody and glyphosate derived from food samples for binding sites with immobilised glyphosate–OVA conjugate. The concentration of glyphosate in the food samples was quantified by the ability of the pesticide present in food samples to inhibit the binding of the enzyme conjugate to the antibody and subsequently the colour formation in the assay. The assay was specific to glyphosate with a limit of detection of 2 ppb. Mean analytical recovery of glyphosate in different food samples was 9.00–134.00%. The precision of the assay was satisfactory. The assay compared favourably with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in its ability to accurately measure glyphosate in the food samples.


Interactions between silver nanoparticles and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been investigated. Prior to the addition of EGCG molecules the silver particles are stabilized by borate ions. Studies on the surface plasmon resonance band of silver particles suggest that the EGCG molecules remove the borate ions from the surface of the metal particles due to the chelating property of the ions. The complex formation by EGCG and borate ions has been confirmed by NMR studies and pH titration. A possible scheme of interaction between the two has been proposed.


This paper is devoted to the study of the Reidemeister torsion. It is a piecewise linear invariant for n-dimensional manifolds and originally defined by Reidemeister, Franz and de Rham. In 1985 Casson defined an interesting topological invariant of homology 3-spheres by making use of a beautiful construction on the space of $SU(2)$-representations of the fundamental group. Later Johnson developed a similar theory of Casson's one by using the Reidemeister torsion as its essential ingredient. He also derived an explicit formula for the Reidemeister torsion of Brieskom homology 3-spheres for $SL(2;C)$-irreducible representations. In this paper, we call this type Reidemeister torsion the $SL(2;C)$-torsion following Johnson. Let $M_{n}$ be a 3-manifold obtained by the $1/n$-surgery on a torus $(p, q)$-knot. It is a Brieskom homology 3-sphere


Chaos based encryption may offer new quality in secure data transmission. A recently proposed Chaotic-Key Based Algorithm (CKBA) has been shown to be unavoidably susceptible to chosen/known-plaintext attacks and ciphertext-only attacks. In this paper, Hyper Chaotic-Key Based Algorithm (HCKBA) using hyper chaos is proposed to enhance the security of CKBA. The enhanced security of the proposed algorithm is analyzed through cryptanalysis. Further, VLSI architecture of the proposed algorithm is designed. The VLSI architecture is implemented on an image using XILINX's ModelSim to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Contemporary decision makers often must choose a course of action using knowledge from several sources. Knowledge may be provided from many diverse sources including electronic sources such as knowledge-based diagnostic or decision support systems or through data mining techniques. As the decision maker becomes more dependent on these electronic information sources, detecting deceptive information from these sources becomes vital to making a correct, or at least more informed, decision. This applies to unintentional disinformation as well as intentional misinformation. Our ongoing research focuses on employing models of deception and deception detection from the fields of psychology and cognitive science to these systems as well as implementing deception detection algorithms for probabilistic intelligent systems. The deception detection algorithms are used to detect, classify and correct attempts at deception. Algorithms for detecting unexpected information rely upon a prediction algorithm from the collaborative filtering domain to predict agent responses in a multi-agent system.


This paper designs a new speed controller combining the merits of Fuzzy and PI controller. On the basis of dynamic simulation, the paper simulates the dynamic logic function of the main engine remote control system using VB and provides it with 3D animation and sound to develop standard multimedia CAI system.


Background: The international expert committee recommendations on the use of HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus has just come on board. Thus, it is imperative to compare its performance with existing accepted standard for diagnosing diabetes mellitus. Objective: To use the new cut-off value of HbA1c of >6.5% as a diagnostic tool for type 2 DM among African blacks with systemic hypertension. Methodology: Two-hundred and seven subjects attending the out-patient department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited, out of which 131 of the subjects had oral glucose tolerance test done. Plasma glucose value of >200mg/dl at 2-hours was used as standard for diagnosis of diabetes. Thirty one of the subjects had HbA1c done. HbA1c of >6.5% was considered to be positive for diabetes. A 2x2 table was made to calculate specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, efficiency of the test. The Prevalence of diabetes by HbA1c and WHO criteria were calculated. Results: The mean age of the subjects that had HbA1c assay was 54.3±6.6years. The subjects were made up of 25(80.6%) females and 6(19.4%) males. Mean HbA1C was 6.6% and mean 2hour plasma glucose was 169.47mg/dl. HbA1c had a sensitivity of 73.91%%, specificity of 62.5%, positive predictive value of 85%%, negative predictive value of 41.66%, efficiency of 70.97%. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus by HbA1c and WHO criteria were 35.1% and 25.8% respectively. The correlation between HbA1c and 2hour plasma glucose was 0.73, r square 0.53 (P v = 0.000). Conclusion: The current cut off value of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus has performed better than the cut off of >6.1%. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus –HbA1c-oral glucose tolerance test


Leakage current was measured on devices with different oxide thickness ranging from 4.5nm to 13nm. Thinner oxide devices exhibited larger leakage, while all devices showed antenna ratio dependence. Detailed measurements were done on 4.5nm oxide devices. We observed high leakage current at low applied voltages in both NMOS and PMOS transistors, caused by charging damage due to plasma processing. Hot carrier measurements were done and the results correlate with leakage current in PMOS transistors having different antenna ratios, while there is no such correlation in NMOS devices. A possible explanation for this difference is given.


In this paper, an effective spatial sampling method is preliminary explored to assess the quality of the topographic data. The most novel idea in this study is we think the error as noise in the signal and we hope to direct spatial sampling through realizing this idea. First, we perform a prior partition of the original topographic data on the basis of the different error levels after a rough classification. Second, errors are supposed to obey the normal distribution, so we can use different Gaussian filters to remove the errors in each region. Then error-free topographic data after filtering can be seen as the true data. Finally, on the basis of this result, we can obtain the difference between the original topographic data and the error-free topographic data and then configure an error surface. The extreme points on the error surface are seen as the representative of the sampling sets. Finding the extreme points on the error surface is equivalent to selecting the least amount of sample points; meanwhile, these sample points can reflect the true error of the topographic data. By means of the proposed method, we hope to find the most optimum selection of spatial sample points from feature points, which can depict an approximate distribution of the errors, as well as reflect the entire quality of the topographic map.


The Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management (EM) Program has made significant progress in planning disposition of its excess nuclear materials and has recently completed several noteworthy studies. Since establishment in 1997, the EM Nuclear Material Stewardship Program has developed disposition plans for excess nuclear materials to support facility deactivation. All nuclear materials have been removed from the Miamisburg Environmental Management Project (Mound), and disposition planning is nearing completion for the Fernald Environmental Management Project and the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site. Only a few issues remain for materials at the Hanford and Idaho sites. Recent trade studies include the Savannah River Site Canyons Nuclear Materials Identification Study, a Cesium/Strontium Management Alternatives Trade Study, a Liquid Technical Standards Trade Study, an Irradiated Beryllium Reflectors with Tritium study, a Special Performance Assessment Required Trade Study, a Neutron Source Trade Study, and development of discard criteria for uranium. A Small Sites Workshop was also held. Potential and planned future activities include updating the Plutonium-239 storage study, developing additional packaging standards, developing a Nuclear Material Disposition Handbook, determining how to recover or dispose of Pu-244 and U-233, and working with additional sites to define disposition plans for their nuclear materials.


Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is an indispensable hormone for the commencement and maintenance of vertebrate reproduction. The development of GnRH neurons depends greatly on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Inactivating mutations on FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) have been shown to reduce GnRH, leading to compromised fertility in humans. However, how FGFR1 deficiency impacts the structural integrity of the GnRH neuronal network, gonadal function, and growth of the reproductive tract in adults was not well understood. This study investigates the organization of GnRH neurons, ovarian structures, and uterine mass in adult female mice globally deficient in FGFR1 (FGFR1-floxed mice). We hypothesized that there would be decreased GnRH neuron numbers associated with altered ovarian structure and uterine growth in FGFR1-deficient mice. This investigation was accomplished by quantifying (1) GnRH neurons in different brain regions, (2) ovarian follicles and corpora lutea, and (3) mass of the uterus, an estrogenand progesterone-dependent organ. Our results confirmed that there was a 66% reduction in the number of GnRH neurons in FGFR1-floxed mice. Specifically, this reduction occurs uniformly in all brain regions where GnRH neurons reside. This reduction in GnRH neurons was coupled with decreased numbers of maturing or mature ovarian follicles. Surprisingly, the uterine mass of the FGFR1-floxed mice was increased by about 40% due to unknown causes. These results suggest FGFR1 deficiency negatively impacts GnRH neurons in all brain regions and significantly alters the ovarian and uterine function in females. This study highlights how a single deletion of a signaling gene can lead to downstream defects that cause infertility and other reproductive disorders. Introduction: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a highly organized and hierarchical system consisting of three endocrine organs responsible for activating and maintaining vertebrate reproduction. It begins in the hypothalamus, which releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH then travels to the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH and FSH travel through the blood to the gonads (ovaries or testes) to stimulate gonadal maturation, gametogenesis, and the release of estrogens and androgens. The proper function and communication among the components of the HPG axis are crucial for many aspects of reproduction, including puberty and fertility. The proper functioning of the HPG axis is dependent, in part, on the binding of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) to fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). The FGF system consists of 22 ligands and 4 receptors. Each receptor is an evolutionarily conserved tyrosine kinase receptor with extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains. When a FGF ligand binds, the receptor dimerizes, resulting in the cross-phosphorylation of the intracellular domain to initiate a myriad of intracellular signaling events (Ornitz et al., 2015). Humans with inactivating mutations on several FGF ligands and receptors exhibited symptoms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), a condition of low gonadotropins, low gonadal steroids, and difficult pubertal transition (Miraoui et al., 2013; Falardeau et al., 2008; Dodé et al., 2003). Animal studies suggest FGF signaling likely supports HPG axis functions through multiple mechanisms, but the most important one is its ability to support the development of GnRH neurons, which are positioned at the apex of the HPG axis. FGFRs have been detected in the olfactory placode, the birthplace of GnRH neurons, at the time of GnRH neuron fate specification (Schwanzel-Fukuda et al., 1987). Specifically, an FGF ligand (FGF8) signaling through an FGFR (FGFR1) has been shown to drive the very early phase of GnRH neuron genesis (Tsai et al., 2011). After GnRH neurons are born, they are also guided by FGF signaling to migrate through a large span of forebrain regions, beginning at the olfactory bulbs and ending at the posterior hypothalamus. When FGF8 or FGFR1 were reduced in mutant mice, GnRH neurons failed to emerge properly, leading to a significantly smaller GnRH neuronal population in the brain (Chung et al., 2008). That being said, it is important to determine if the reduced GnRH neurons in these mutant mice are region-specific, to deduce which developmental stage is affected the most, and if this reduction leads to altered gonadal structure and reproductive tract growth. At present, no study has examined downstream of the GnRH system to understand the deficits in the gonad and reproductive tract resulting from FGFR1 deficiency. Using Cre-loxP technology, we generated a mouse globally deficient in FGFR1, a condition similar to humans with inactivating FGFR1 mutations (Dodé et al., 2003). The objectives of this investigation were to examine if global FGFR1 deficiency impacts: (1) GnRH neurons in different brain regions, (2) follicles and corpora lutea in the adult ovaries, and (3) the mass of the uterus, an estrogen/progesterone-dependent organ. These were parameters that could not be adequately evaluated in humans harboring FGFR1 deficiency. This study has tremendous clinical implications since humans harboring inactivating mutations on the FGFR1 gene can develop multiple reproductive issues including absent puberty, delayed puberty, and hypothalamic amenorrhea (Fraietta et al., 2013). Based on the well-established function of the HPG axis, I hypothesize that there will be decreased GnRH neuron number associated with altered gonadal function and reproductive tract growth in FGFR1-deficient mice. This hypothesis is based on the previous report that FGFR1 hypomorphy leads to reduced total GnRH neurons in mice (Chung et al., 2008; Chung et al., 2010). Consequently, a lack of GnRH should lead to a decrease in gonadotropins and ultimately abnormal follicular development and steroid production. The latter can then lead to the altered growth of the reproductive tract. This study aids in the understanding of how inactivating mutations on a single signaling gene can lead to human infertility. Material and Methods:


: We developed a telecentric 3D measurement system based on the fringe projection technique to measure phases corresponding to the 3D shape of bumps on a surface. A measurement algorithm based on an area scan camera with a flexibly programmable region of interest (ROI) was applied to reconstruct the 3D model. Only the pixel information within the ROI is stored, which reduces the data volume and processing and accelerates the area scan acquisition. Experiments showed that the fringe projection system provided good linearity between the calibration and optical data with excellent accuracy. A reflectometry sensor was implemented to provide a correction offset to the bump height in a protection layer in a subsequent high-speed inspection.


Proteins are a diverse class of biomolecules responsible for wide-ranging cellular functions, from catalyzing reactions and recognizing pathogens to forming dynamic cellular structure. The ability to evolve proteins rapidly and inexpensively towards improved properties is a common objective for protein engineers. Powerful high-throughput methods like fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have dramatically improved directed evolution experiments. However, it is unclear how to best leverage this data to characterize protein fitness landscapes more completely and identify lead candidates. In this work, we develop a simple yet powerful framework to improve protein optimization by predicting continuous protein properties from simple directed evolution experiments using interpretable machine learning. Evaluated across five diverse protein engineering tasks, continuous properties are consistently predicted from readily available deep sequencing data. To prospectively test the utility of this approach, we generated a library of stapled peptides and applied the framework to predict and optimize both affinity and specificity. We coupled integer linear programming with the interpretable machine learning model coefficients to identify new variants from experimentally unseen sequence space that have desired properties. This approach represents a versatile tool for improved analysis and identification of protein variants across many domains of protein engineering.


During the last century two kinds of methods were developed in the field of vaccine production: those of inactivated and of attenuated vaccines. Both of them contained the whole microorganism. In the last 15 years, due to the development of molecular biology and of genetic engineering, novel technologies of vaccine production dissimilar to the former ones were and are evolved, which are as follows: subunit, synthetic, recombinant, genetically engineered and anti-idiotype vaccines


Low-temperature X-ray Weissenberg photographs of deuterated 5-bromo-9-hydroxyphenalenone (d-BrHPLN) were taken at 14.4 K to investigate the phase transition of an intramolecular and isolated hydrogen-bonded system composed of a tautomeric molecule. The system has one hydrogen bond in a rigid molecular skeleton, with the hydrogen atom being replaced by deuterium. The superlattice reflection is found at ( h k +0.5 0) at 14.4 K, and it starts to deviate from the commensurate position above T C =22.8 K on heating. The transition is of the first kind and is characterized by a commensurate-incommensurate transition. The peak shift defined as 0.5+δ was also measured. Above T I =34.5 K, the profile becomes very broad and shows diffuse scattering behavior. The transition is of the second kind and is characterized by a so-called incommensurate-normal phase transition.


CASE This 2-year-old boy was having fun jumping on a couch and then fell. The fall was not witnessed by his babysitter or any other adult, but his 5-year-old cousin thought that the patient hit his left arm. At any rate, he cried immediately, and when the babysitter came to see him, she noticed that he did not want to move his left arm. He did not sustain any other injuries, and all his other extremities were normal. He was brought to our emergency department where he did indeed demonstrate swelling around the left elbow without any significant deformity. The elbow was painful to touch, but localizing the pain was not easy. He had normal movements of his fingers, wrist, and shoulder. The problem seemed to be centered around the elbow and the upper forearm. Radiographs of the forearm and the elbow were obtained (Fig. 1). There was an obvious fracture, but do you see anything else?


Th e paper explores some philosophical consequences of the phenomenological criticisms addressed (indirectly) to logical positivism. It introduces arguments by Husserl and Patočka concerning the duality inherent to the notion of world, as suggested by modern scientism: the real world is alleged to be diff erent from, and hidden behind, the everyday appearance (perception) of the world and things within it. Carnap's project of reconstructing (scientifi c) knowledge in reductionist terms of psychological—atomic sense-data—and, ultimately, physical objects distinguishes him from Husserl: for the latter, meaningful experience originates in primitive encounters with meaningful things. Both, however, share a certain preoccupation with reductionist analyses of scientifi c rigour, while this tendency has been abandoned in Wittgenstein's works. His expanded notion of verifi cation betrays motivations of a phenomenological kind. He tries to show that the relationship between simpler and more complex contents of knowledge is a relationship between contents playing diff erent, but interlinked, roles within our practices of understanding and making ourselves intelligible. Understanding other people and the events in their lives in terms of a soul (and what happens to it) is not a marginal, eccentric, or derivative case: it is the central, primitive form of this understanding. Wittgenstein's working with the notion of 'soul' parallels Husserl's analyses from Ideas II.


Intimate partner violence against women (IPV) is a critical social problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, little research has been done to investigate the extent of the problem and the society's attitude in South Wollo and East Gojjam Zones of Amhara Region. This study investigates women's decision making participation in household matters, physical and sexual abuse, and attitude towards wife beating using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show that women are deprived of their decision making rights, physical and sexual abuse of women are highly prevalent and are considered as 'normal' part of marital relationship. Majority of participants (66 %) support wife beating and statistically significant higher proportion of women support wife beating than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that women are experiencing high levels of intimate partner violence in the domestic sphere. Therefore, this issue should be a critical concern for social workers, other professionals and policy makers.


In the construction of newspaper websites in Hebei province,contents are poor,local color is short,new medium is not used efficiently,and the awareness of scientific operation is short.To solve these problems,this paper proposes to set up a comprehensive platform to provide much information and service,take advantage of new medium,explore profit pattern and make famous newspapers locally.In this way,newspaper websites in Hebei province will go smoothly.


Abstract On a sample of 180 handball players divided into 3 subsamples number 60 participants each, who belong to the I, II and republic handball league of Serbia,a system of 9 variables (6 motor and 3 cognitive) was applied with the aim of determining the statistically significant relations between the system of variables of motor and cognitive variables. The data were processed using a canonical correlation analysis. Using Bartlett's Chi-square test for handball players of various ranks of competition we tested the statistical significance of the coefficients of the canonical correlation which explains the linear combinations between the groups of variables, that is, the connection between two systems of variables. By solving the characteristic equations of the cross-correlation matrix we obtained, as the roots of these equations, the coefficients of the determination of the canonical correlation for I league handball players (Rc 2 =.23, Rc 2 =.10, Rc 2 =.08), for II league handball players (Rc 2 =.24) and national level handball players (Rc 2 =.23). By analyzing the obtained canonical factors of both groups of variables we may say that the cognitive mechanisms have a certain significance for achieving success in handball, at the level of concrete, individual and isolated motor and cognitive abilities, and thus of the greatest importance for handball in general, irrespective of the level of the competition and level of success. A further more detailed study of the connection between the effectiveness of the parallel processor which is responsible for the visual spatialization and the factor of the structuring of movement is needed. Key words: handball, intelligence, motor skills.


OBJECTIVE
We report a case of primary vaginal lymphoma. The clinical presentation was an episode of dysuria and acute urinary retention. We performed a bibliographic review.

METHODS
Thirty-six year-old patient who consulted in the urology clinic for hesitancy that triggered an episode of acute urinary retention. Physical examination revealed thickening of the vaginal wall. Biopsy was performed and diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell primary vaginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was obtained.

RESULTS
Primary lymphomas of the female genital tract are rare. The third most frequent location is vagina. The most common manifestation is vaginal bleeding. Urinary symptoms are rarely the first sign. Diagnosis requires a biopsy. The first choice for treatment is Rituximab- CHOP immuno-chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
Vaginal lymphoma is a rare disease. Unfrequently, the first clinical manifestations are urinary tract symptoms, and even less acute urinary retention.


We derive a new approximate formula for the bulk viscosity ζ in terms of microscopic information such as the interatomic potential φ( r ) and the pair distribution function g ( r ). This is a unique characteristic of this expression when compared with the previously proposed formulae in which the bulk viscosity ζ is expressed in terms of pressure. Debye relaxation is assumed for g ( r ) in the derivation of this approximate formula, and it is an effective method of determining a correct order of magnitude. This is confirmed by performing simulations of a Lennard–Jones fluid near its triple point.


The Thracian coal province in Bulgaria is comprised of three main coal basins, Maritza East, Maritza West and Elhovo, with extremely immature coals (Rr = 0.18–0.21%). These Miocene-Pliocene aged low rank coals (lignites) are characterized by high ash and sulphur contents, and low calorific values. Temperature programmed reduction/oxidation at atmospheric pressure (AP-TPR/TPO), coupled with on-line mass spectrometer (AP-TPR/TPO-MS) and with an off-line gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), were applied to the qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of sulphur functionalities in representative samples from each basin of the coal province. Carbonates and mineral sulphur were removed by preliminary treatment with diluted acids at mild conditions to prevent effects on the TPR kinetograms. This treatment mainly removed the mineral sulphur, and its effects on organic sulphur were insignificant. Most of the organic sulphur in the Thracian lignites occurs in thiophenic structures (~ 60%). The TPR-MS profiles showed the presence of alkyl and aryl thiols, dialkyl and aryl-alkyl sulphides and thiophenes. The main organic sulphur compounds registered by the off-line AP-TPR-GC-MS were highly volatile compounds (thiols, sulphides, disulphides), alkylated thiophenes, and a lesser proportion of benzothiophenes. The disulphides (-SS-) are relatively abundant in the Maritza East and Elhovo lignites. They are probably the main aliphatic sulphur species in the coal's organic matter. Aliphatic chains with sulphur bridges are also principal structural functionalities in the Maritza West organic matter. Aromatic compounds with two aromatic rings and high degrees of substitution could be key organic structures in the studied lignites.


The technical research was directed at problems involving the dynamics of fluid flow and elastic structures. Such problems occur in heat-exchange systems in energy generating plants. Fluid excited vibrations of structures can result in unwanted impact forces which can lead to metal fatigue failures. Mathematical theories based on linear models have been used for several decades. In this research the authors explored the phenomena associated with nonlinear effects using experimental models, mathematical models and numerical computation. A number of nonlinear effects were observed experimentally including chaotic dynamics, multi-fractal Poincare maps, quasi-periodic vibrations, subcritical Hopf bifurcations, helical waves in a tube row and spatial localization.


The invention relates to a control method of a processing technology of a novel vibration isolator suitable for a satellite sensitive load. The method comprises the following steps: first step, analyzing the structural characteristics of the vibration isolator to determine a local configuration and dimensions which are sensitive to processing precision; step two, analyzing the rigidity and strength of the vibration isolator to determine a local configuration and dimensions which are sensitive to the rigidity and strength; step three, discriminating the sensitive dimensions of the vibration isolator through combining the local configuration and dimensions which are sensitive to the processing precision and the local configuration and dimensions which are sensitive to the rigidity and strength; and step four, performing processing precision and processing process control on the sensitive dimensions of the vibration isolator. According to the control method of the processing technology of the novel vibration isolator suitable for the satellite sensitive load, at the time when the sensitive dimensions are identified, certain control is performed on the processing of the vibration isolator, and the purpose of ensuring the processing production quality of the vibration isolator is achieved.


Our approach consists in finding the eigenmodes and the complex eigenfrequencies of structures using a finite element method (FEM), that allows us to study mono- or bi-periodic gratings with a maximum versatility : complex shaped patterns, with anisotropic and graded index material, under oblique incidence and arbitrary polarization. In order to validate our method, we illustrate an example of a four layer dielectric slab, and compare the results with a specific method that we have called tetrachotomy, which gives us numerically the poles of the reflection coefficient (which corresponds to the eigenfrequencies of the structure). To illustrate our method, we show the eigenvalues of one- and two-dimensional gratings.


This manuscript discusses the potential use of assistive technology in promoting the mental health and well-being of the growing elderly population in the Arab world. While the use of assistive technology to address physical needs has been around for some time, its use in enhancing mental health and well-being is still in its early days. The manuscript highlights that assistive technology interventions have been shown to benefit the mental health of older adults. However, there are limited publications on the use of assistive technology in the Arab world, and certain assumptions held by healthcare professionals may hinder the access of older adults to these programs. The manuscript suggests introducing the topic of assistive technology in the medical and nursing undergraduate curriculum to address any misconceptions and make the technology more user-friendly. The manuscript also describes two specific types of assistive technology, mental health chatbots, and GPS trackers, and their potential benefits for older adults.


A filtering rectangle dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high band-edge selectivity is proposed in this paper. The DRA is fed by a simple hybrid feeding structure consisting of a microstripcoupled slot on the bottom and a thin metallic strip on the side of DRA to excite the fundamental TEy1δ1 mode. The feeding structure establishes a cross-coupled mechanism which includes electric and magnetic coupling. This mechanism introduces two radiation nulls at the band edge without any filtering circuits. By using the designed hybrid feeding structure, a bandpass filtering response is obtained. For enhancing band-edge selectivity, a shorted stub is introduced to weaken the coupling between the two microstrip stubs of the feeding structure. A wide impedance bandwidth of 19% and a flat gain around 5.6 dBi are realized. To validate the proposed design, a prototype is fabricated and measured, showing a favorable agreement with the simulated results.


Despite the well-established effectiveness of Complex Event Processing (CEP) in flagging complex events for real-time decision making, the rules which define event-driven behavior can be challenging and error-prone. The problem is that creating rules for CEP systems is increasingly difficult and error-prone because the categorization of errors in CEP rules needed by Big Data Analytics practitioners to improve CEP rule development has not been established. A sample of 10 CEP rule authoring practitioners from various organizations with profiles on LinkedIn was recruited. Participants were interviewed assessing their experiences with errors in rules governing CEP. The key findings of the study were that most errors in rules governing CEP systems were related to a lack of knowledge on the part of the rule author. While more complex issues (such as temporal windows and cross-stream correlation) played a part, participants mentioned gaps in fundamental knowledge more frequently. Specifically, nine themes were identified related to errors in rules governing CEP systems. The major themes which emerged during analysis are lack of knowledge, the nature of CEP, the nature of rules, event streams, planning and design, human and team errors, complexity, and lack of testing and code reviews.


The Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft have been published since 1862. For 155 years, the Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society published articles from around the world in all fields of entomology. At the general assembly in March of this year, the Swiss Entomological Society unanimously decided to break with this tradition and to set out in a novel direction with a new focus and format. The new journal is entitled Alpine Entomology. The new title comes not by chance, since a large part of Switzerland is mountainous and much of the European Alpine region is found inside the country. Beginning with this issue, the Swiss Entomological Society is relaunching the journal to provide an international forum for studies on insects and occasionally other arthropods from Alpine and other mountain regions all over the world. Focusing the scope will improve the quality of the journal and of the submitted papers and therefore increase the impact in the scientific community. Our definition of mountainous regions follows the one proposed by Körner et al. (2011), which is based on ruggedness of the landscape rather than on elevation. Following this definition, more than 12.3% of all terrestrial land area can be considered mountainous. In Switzerland, the proportion of mountainous terrain reaches 80%. Many articles published in recent years in the Mitteilungen would thus have qualified for publication in Alpine Entomology because their subject matter was in keeping with the journal's new focus. Received 8 November 2017 Accepted 8 November 2017 Published 20 November 2017


Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) is a large tree that grows best on deep, fine sandy loam soils with good moisture and moderately good drainage. It is rarely found naturally in such areas, however, and more typically forms pure stands in swamps because of the absence of vegetative competition. Baldcypress grows in the Coastal Plain from southeastern Texas through southern Delaware. Its range extends northward up the Mississippi Valley to southern Illinois and southwestern Indiana (2). Baldcypress, once highly prized for its lumber, is now processed in only a few mills. Natural and artificial regeneration is possible, and interest in managing cypress is increasing (3). Another important use of this species exists in the nursery and ornamental trade. More and more baldcypress is planted each year for use as street and shade trees. Its coni-


In Japan, aging is progressing at a speed rarely observed elsewhere in the world. According to a National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (NIPSSR) estimate announced in January 2002, Japan's population will peak out in 2004 at 127,480,000, after which it will decrease to 92,030,000 in 2050, among whom 39% will be 65 years of age or more. The nation's population of working-age adults (15–64 years of age) constantly grew since the close of World War II, reaching 87,170,000 in 1995, after which it dwindled to 86,380,000 in 2000. Inasmuch as estimates have it that this precedent will continue, there is no reason for the status of labor to remarkably change. In 2001 the number of in-home people with physical disabilities aged 18 or more, who could be considered as potential workers, was estimated at about 3,250,000, which is increasing compared with the fact that the number of the same group was about 2,990,000 in 1996. According to a Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare survey on employment for the disabled conducted in 2001, approximately 190,000 people with disabilities are retained by businesses and institutions, for a very low ratio of 5.4%. In spite of the fact the Law for Employment Promotion, etc., of the Disabled Persons set the employment quota of persons with physical or intellectual disabilities working in the private sector at 1.8%, as of June 1, 2001 the actual ratio was only 1.49% (MHLW 2001a, 2002a, 2001b).


The system including a memory system and the memory controller is coupled to the host system. The memory system has at least one memory device for storing data. The controller interprets the request from the host computer to at least one of the at least one detachable command that can be interpreted by the memory device. Each command has a modular structures (modular structure) containing a command identifier that represents the operation to be performed by a single memory device of the at least one memory device the address identifier and the at least one memory device on a memory device of the . At least one memory device and the controller for serial communication - by being connected to the arrangement, only one memory device is communicating with the controller for input into the memory system. The memory system may include a plurality of memory devices connected to the common bus.


Objective
To observe the clinical efficacy of digital 3D heads-up display viewing system(3D viewing system) and intraoperative OCT (iOCT) in vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis (MF).

Methods
A retrospective, consecutive case series. From October 2018 to May 2019, Nineteen eyes of 19 consecutive patients with MF diagnosed in Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University who underwent vitrectomy were included in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females, with the mean age of 54.47±11.38 years. The average axial length was 30.40±2.30 mm, the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.56±0.31, the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was 317.80±151.9.32 μm, the mean max retinal thickness (maxRT) was 556.7±143.7 μm. All the surgeries performed combined with 3D viewing system with iOCT. The standard 25G pars planar vitrectomy were performed with removing the posterior vitreous and indocyanine green (ICG) staining of internal limiting membrane (ILM) and air-fluid exchange. Thirteen of 19 eyes underwent fovea-sparing ILM peeling and the other 6 eyes not. The average follow-up was 4.2±1.4 months. All the patients were on regular follow-up to document the changes on BCVA, anatomical changes in macula, CFT and maxRT. Paired t test was used to compare BCVA, CFT and maxRT before and after surgery.

Results
The fine images of macula were clearly shown on the 3D viewing system in all eyes. The electronic green filter enhanced the contrast sensitivity of ICG stained images. Clear images of macula were captured by iOCT in all eyes. The average surgical time was 35.5±8.2 min. On the last follow-up, 16 of 19 eyes with MF resolved. The mean CFT was 178.5±103.5 μm, the maxRT was 341.8±83.8.16 μm, and the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.35±0.22. The differences of CFT, maxRT and logMAR BCVA before and after surgery were statistically significant (t=4.181, 7.154, 5.129; P<0.001). Minimal invisible full thickness macular hole were detected in 2 eyes by iOCT and repaired with auto serum or ILM flap covering. There was no complication associated with the 3D viewing system.

Conclusions
3D viewing system provides improved contrast and crystal clear macular image stain with ICG in pathological myopia. iOCT can detect the minimal invisible full thickness macular hole during surgery. Both may contribute to improved MF closure rate and BCVA.

Key words:
Vitreoretinal surgery/instrumentation; Tomography, optical coherence; Retinoschisis/surgery; Myopiadegenerative/complications; 3D heads-up display viewing system


(57) Abstract: compressed gas vehicle fuel storage system is supported by the shape of The combined disposed shock absorbing air bubbles in the container (33, 34), comprising a plurality of compressed gas pressure cell (30). Relative to the compressed gas pressure cell (30), the container is determined in size, whereby the clearance of the radial air surrounding around the compressed gas pressure cell. Its radial air gap (20), the adjacent pressure cells, or, without applying physical pressure to the container, allowing expansion of the pressure cell caused by the pressure (30). Pressure relief device which operates at a temperature, by manual safety shut-off valves and the gas control assembly including means for connecting the fuel storage system on an automobile power source and a fuel supply adapter (40), the pressure cell are connected to each other. Gas control assembly (40) is enclosed by a protective cover attached to the container. During high-speed collision, to allow for deformed to the chassis is intended, the system is attached to the car in tinged gold.


Fig. A Below, the cutting surface. Above, the conductor, with the boundary of the cutting surface drawn. The cutting surface is of course connected, but has been shown here as the assemblage of five pieces, as this may help to imagine how to stick the surface to the conductor. Attach the two big pieces first. Then the three twisted ribbons will fall into place. Remark that the ring R cannot be removed without cutting C, or itself being cut. Therefore, the middle line of this ring is a circuit which cannot be reduced to a point by continuous deformation taking place in the air region minus S. So the air, once S is removed, is not a simply connected region. A knotted conductor and its associated cut Surface S in Fig. A is an example of a 'Seifert surface'. (More precisely, it would be that, if the knot was ideally thin.) All knots, however tangled, can be spanned by a surface like this. Few textbooks address the subject. One of them is Reference C, which does so at a reasonably elementary level. We should like to thank Mr. Bossavit for his useful comments on our paper. The application of Ampkre's law for the path R in Fig. A gives J R H. dr = I-I = 0. This proves, that, from a homology point of view, this path is a boundary and a scalar magnetic potential can be defined in the space E-C-S. We should like to take the opportunity to point out that the curve R is homologically trivial and homo-topically nontrivial. The concept of homology is weaker than the concept of homotopy. Two curves which are homotopically equivalent will also be homologically equivalent; but not vice versa. The intuitive rule of 'defor-mations without cuts' is always good for homotopy and, in many cases, for homology; but, in some cases, it can be too strict for homology. The relevant concept for our purposes is homology and not homotopy. Another example similar to the one quoted by Mr. Bossavit is shown in Fig. B. The J R H. dr = 0, R is a boundary and the Siefert cut is sufficient for the defini-Fig. B The Seifert cut is sufficient for the definition of the magnetic scalar potential Example in which path R is homologically trivial tion of a magnetic scalar potential. For the topology of knots, one is recommended …


TUTI ZUHARIYYAH. The in-strore promotion influence analysis to impulse buying perseption decision of Yongki Komaladi Footwear. Supervised by Drs. EDWARD H SIREGAR, SE,MM. Impulse buying is the behavior of consumers who make a purchase spontaneously, without planning beforehand. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impulsive consumen behavior of footwear YK and analyzing the influence of in-store promotion on consumer impulse buying perseption decision footwear YK. In-store promotion variables in this research is the purchase with purchase, price discounts, in-store display and personal selling. The analytical method used was a cross-tabulation analysis and multiple linear regression F test results shows that in-store promotion simultaneously influence to consumer decisions of impulse buying on YK footwear. T-test results showed only the purchase with purchase which has positive and significant result toward on decision of impulse buying on Yongki Komaladi Footwear, with a value of sig 0.001 . The coefficient of determination R 2 0.178, it's means the influence exerted by the variables in-store promotion at 17.8%.


It is suggested from experimental data and theoretical analyses that the charge distribution fuction of the proton will become negative in the inaer region. The analysis of Stanford data on the electron-proton scattering is reexamined, and a lower bound for (r/sup 2/)/sub 1,p/ is given modelindependently from some general assumptions. As examples, two trial proton models are considered which are consistent with the present Stanford data and in which the values of (r/sup 2/)/sub 1,p/ are rather smaller than the usually accepted ones. (a-uth) Since anomalous creation of mesons ( mu ) has been observed experimentally in super high-energy collisions above 1O/sup 15/ ev, a simple estimation is carried out on meson ( mu ) production caused by weak interactions in the super high-energy region, using a proton collision with a fixed field as an exduction from the collision are calculated to be comparable to each other when the transferred energy reaches approximately 8 x 10/sup 12/ev. If this is for the center-of-mass system, the corresponding value for the laboratory system is approximately l0/sup 16/ ev, which is where the anomalous meson( mu ) creation more » was observed. It is pointed out that, if this mechanism is correct, the produced particles should be extremely collimated. M.L.C.) « less


Exchange rate regimes and monetary union. Exchange rate regimes. Historical overview. The choice of an exchange rate regime. Asymmetric shocks. Optimum currency area & the adjustment process. Is Europe an OCA? The European monetary union and the financial crisis.


Microsatellites or SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) are short (1~6 bp), tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The repeat times of basic units of each SSR sequence are different among different genotypes, so polymorphism of the seat is formed. The experiment steps of SSR include mainly DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis and dying. SSR technology has wide applications in vegetable breeding, including genetic mapping, DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity studying of germplasms.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), and to create prediction equations. Methods: The present study comprised 32 COPD and 29 ILD patients admitted to the Respiratory Center of Matsuzaka Municipal Hospital. REE was measured using AE-100i (Minato Medical Science, JAPAN) and calculations were performed using the Weir 9s formula. REE was measured 4 or more hours after meals. Evaluated parameters included patient background, pulmonary function test, physical function, body composition, and retrospective analysis of blood biochemical data. For statistical analysis, we used the Pearson9s-moment correlation to evaluate the relationship between REE and other parameters, and multiple regression analysis by the stepwise method. Results: REE in COPD patients was significantly correlated with body weight (r=0.529), predicted BEE (r=0.508), and lean body mass (r=0.565).REE in ILD patients was significantly correlated with body weight (r=0.501), height (r=0.715), lean body mass (r=0.776). In the multiple regression analysis, the lean body mass (β=0.504), WBC (β=0.304) and FEV1% (β=0.378) were independent factors for REE in COPD patients. Lean body mass (β=0.776) was independent factor for REE in ILD patients. The regression model formula for REE in patients with COPD was 467.4 + 19.8 × lean body mass + 4.8 × FEV 1% × 4.8 + 0.022 × WBC and of ILD patients was 345.2 + 27.2 × lean body mass. Conclusion: The results of this study may be useful to improve nutritional therapy of patients with COPD or ILD.


The mechanical reliability of lead-tin and lead-free solder joints under shock loading conditions is relevant to a wide range of electronic applications ranging from personal cellular phones to smart weapons. Prior studies on the dynamic constitutive properties of solder alloys have been largely limited to two regimes: conventional tests at strain rates 500/s. A gap exists in the intermediate rate regime which is directly applicable to failure events that occur over ~1100 ms durations. A recently developed high-rate servohydraulic method has been employed to characterize the temperature and strain-rate dependent stress-strain behavior of eutectic Pb-Sn solder alloys over a wide range of strain rates (10 -4 to 10


ObjectiveTo assess the ability of echocardiographic data to predict important functional status outcomes in patients with chest pain.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA large, urban teaching hospital.PatientsThree hundred thirty-three patients admitted from the Emergency Department for evaluation of chest pain.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography as well as a face-to-face interview during their initial hospitalization and a telephone interview 1 year thereafter. The interview included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) health inventory, a generic health status instrument with a physical function subscale. The relation between clinical and echocardiographic factors and functional status was explored by univariable and multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses. Multiple clinical and echocardiographic factors correlated significantly with functional status measures at 1 year. For the SF-36 score at 1 year, age, male gender, white race, the presence of rales, and a comorbidity score were independently predictors in multivariate analysis; echocardiographic findings of severe left ventricular dysfunction (parameter estimate [PE] −27.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] −43.1, −12.2) and aortic insufficiency (PE −16.7; 95% CI −26.4, −7.0) added independent predictive information. Explanatory power (r2) for models using clinical and demographic variables was .27 and increased after inclusion of echocardiographic data to an r2 of .35. Results in the subset of patients (n=148) with acute coronary syndromes such as unstable angina or myocardial infarction were qualitatively similar. Selected factors (rales on examination, electrocardiographic changes suggestive of ischemia, and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation) also predicted which patients would die or have a decline in their functional status. In multivariate analysis, only rales remained an independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio 2.4; 95% CI 1.2, 4.5).ConclusionsEchocardiographic data are correlated with measures of functional status in patients with chest pain, but the ability to predict future functional status from clinical or echocardiographic information is limited. Because functional status cannot be predicted adequately from either patients' characteristics or echocardiographic testing, it must be assessed directly.


A new Alcea species A. ilamica (Ma1vaceae), is described from Ilam province of Iran. The new species belongs to the sect. Pterocarpa. Differences from other Iranian species and its geographical distribution are discussed. SEM study of penicillate hairs showed that, A. ilamica is very similar to A. aucheri but has advanced characters. Illustrations and a distribution map are given.


Abstract The compositional variation of the fatty acid, triacylglycerol, tocopherol, tocotrienol and sterene composition of genuine cocoa butter (CB) due to different geographical growing regions and breeding lines as well as other vegetable fats used in confectionery manufacturing (cocoa butter equivalents, CBE) have been investigated. Genuine CB showed quite narrow ranges of compositional variation compared to CBEs. CBEs are prepared by blending different tropical fats to suit various technological requirements of confectionery manufacturers. Consequently, no consistent compositional patterns were observed within the latter group. The fatty acid and the triacylglycerol data presented could be utilized for the detection as well as the quantification of CBEs in plain chocolate, by using appropriate calibration models. However, the minor constituents (tocopherols, -trienols, and sterene data) are of limited use for quantitative purposes, but may be additional indicators for the presence of other vegetable fats in chocolate.


It is well known that the variational inequalities are equivalent to the fixed point problems.Using this equivalence,combining projection technique,splitting technique and self-adaptive technique,the author suggests and analyzes a new iterative method for solving variational inequalities.The proposed methods include several new and known methods as special cases;The new iterative methods converge for pseudomonotone and continuous operators.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between blocking level with right shoulder aching pain and restlessness during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) under epidural anesthesia.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ,continuously scheduled for LC under epidural anesthesia,were randomly divided into four groups (each group included 30 cases).Group A:Painless level was controlled at ulnaris of wrist(T1 level).Group B:Painless level was at axillary fossa and medial side of arm (T2 level).Group C:Painless level was at the center between nipple line and sternal angle (T3 level).Group D:Painless level was at nipple line (T4 level).The controlling effect of right shoulder aching pain and restlessness during operation were observed.Results:In group A the anesthesia effect was evaluated as good in all 30 patients (100%).In group B effect of seven patients were good (23%) and 23 cases were poor (77%).In group C and D the anesthesia effect was evaluated as very poor in all 30 patients (100%).Conclusions:The right shoulder aching pain and restlessness are closely related to blocking level.If only painless level is accurately controlled at T1 with assistance of small doses of analgetic and sedative,patients could spend operation time calmly without shoulder and arm pain or restlessness.


We show that hard-scattering factorization is violated in the production of high-p{sub T} hadrons in hadron-hadron collisions, in the case that the hadrons are back-to-back, so that k{sub T} factorization is to be used. The explicit counterexample that we construct is for the single-spin asymmetry with one beam transversely polarized. The Sivers function needed here has particular sensitivity to the Wilson lines in the parton densities. We use a greatly simplified model theory to make the breakdown of factorization easy to check explicitly. But the counterexample implies that standard arguments for factorization fail not just for the single-spin asymmetry but for the unpolarized cross section for back-to-back hadron production in QCD in hadron-hadron collisions. This is unlike corresponding cases in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation, Drell-Yan, and deeply inelastic scattering. Moreover, the result endangers factorization for more general hadroproduction processes.


The echo canceller burst mode (ECBM) is part of a "silicon boutique," a family of devices that offer a cost-effective industrial solution to the problem of ISDN basic access. ECBM takes advantage of both the echo cancellation and the time compression techniques. It leaves a silent period in each direction of transmission; this creates periods in which only the received signal or only the echo is present, which greately simplifies the echo canceller and the timing recovery. The components of the family implement the signal processing, power feed, and line interface functions needed for the ISDN basic access (144 kbits/s); they take into account the requirement of different connection schemes, yet offering flexibility to accommodate possible standards evolution. Their coordination avoids "glue" components and facilitates some basic access functions (e.g., activation, maintenance, monitoring).


A parallel computer specifically designed for the solution of ordinary differential equations is described. The first version of the machine contains thirty-two processors, running in an asynchronous multiple-instruction/multiple-data mode, communicating with high-speed parallel busses. Synchronization is accomplished by a microprogrammable communication controller. A number of processors have been designed and built for the machine. The processor types offer a wide variation in solution speed and accuracy. To permit easy comparisons with analog and hybrid systems, performance is measured by finding the highest frequency sine wave which can be integrated in real time with an accuracy of 0.1% or higher. Using this performance measure the performance limit of the current machine is 2000 Hz. The structure is capable of solving systems described by differential equations up to order sixty-four at these performance limits. >


Seed samples of two varieties of blackgram namely, Basant Bahar and Sarala were treated withthree doses each of Gamma-rays, ethyl methane sulphonate, nitrosoguanidine and maleic hydrazide. In M1 generation, the mutagenic treatments showed reduction in mean values of all characters studied and magnitude of reduction was directly related to dose / concentration of mutagen. Such adverse effects in M1 parameters were more pronounced in MH, NG and Gamma-rays + MH combination treatment. The varieties also showed differential response to mutagenic treatments. In M2 generation the mutagenic treatments were effective in inducing various types of chlorophyll and morphological macromutants and few of those affecting flowering, maturity and plant height were of some breeding value. The frequency of chlorophyll mutations were generally higher in moderate and higher doses of mutagens whereas morphological mutations were higher in middle doses of all mutagens and combined treatments. On an average, the frequency of morphological mutations were higher on NG and EMS treatments of Basant Bahar and combined treatments in case of Sarala.