Abstract Let C be a finite dimensional algebra with B a split extension by a nilpotent bimodule E, and let M be a τC-rigid module with U its Bongartz τC-complement. If the induced module, M ⊗C B, is τB-rigid, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for U ⊗C B to be its Bongartz τB-complement. If M is τB-rigid, we again provide a necessary and sufficient condition for U ⊗C B to be its Bongartz τB-complement.


Let $(M^{n+1},g,e^{-f}d\mu)$ be a complete smooth metric measure space with $2\leq n\leq 6$ and Bakry-\'{E}mery Ricci curvature bounded below by a positive constant. We prove a smooth compactness theorem for the space of complete embedded $f$-minimal hypersurfaces in $M$ with uniform upper bounds on $f$-index and weighted volume. As a corollary, we obtain a smooth compactness theorem for the space of embedded self-shrinkers in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ with $2\leq n\leq 6$. We also prove some estimates on the $f$-index of $f$-minimal hypersurfaces, and give a conformal structure of $f$-minimal surface with finite $f$-index in three-dimensional smooth metric measure space.


Different theoretical and empirical taxonomies of reading and listening comprehension (RC, LC) are available in the literature. Most of language tests and tasks in English as foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) coursebooks are based on the classifications of reading and listening subskills (micro-skills) offered in theory. However, these taxonomies have not cross-checked whether the theoretical subskills are practiced in ESL/EFL coursebooks and assessed in proficiency tests. Nor have they listed the shared and exclusive RC and LC subskills in a unified fashion. For this purpose, theoretical subskills offered in Applied Linguistics literature, nine internationally popular EFL/ESL proficiency tests and 25 widely used coursebook tasks were collected, cross-compared, repetitions were eliminated, and a final inclusive list of common and exclusive subskills was prepared. The findings suggested ten common reading and listening subskills. The subskills exclusive to reading were seven, and exclusive to listening were four. This list is hoped to be helpful for teachers in developing their own tests, and the coursebook developers in preparing the content materials.


It has been widely accepted that covalently cross-linked nanoparticles show extended circulation time in the blood due to their large stable structures compared to free linear polyprodrugs. Herein, an efficient method, combining living radical polymerization, a ring-opening reaction, and a copper(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reaction, was employed to prepare amphiphilic polyprodrugs with a reduction-responsive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug and photothermal converted near-infrared dyes (IR780). The drug content could be regulated as needed through the monomer feed ratio. The obtained amphiphilic P[CPTM-co-GMA(-IR780/-OH)]-b-POEGMA polyprodrugs could molecularly dissolve in a good solvent and self-assembled into nanoparticles consisting of thiol-responsive P[CPTM-co-GMA(-IR780/-OH)] cores and well solvated POEGMA coronas in the selected solvent. Cross-linking of the P[CPTM-co-GMA(-IR780/-OH)] cores could be facilely achieved via the reaction between the residual hydroxyls and hexachlorocyclic triphosphonitrile (HCCP; acid sensitive and biodegradable) to form structurally stable core cross-linked (CCL) nanoparticles. DLS, TEM, UV-vis and fluorescent techniques, as well as subsequent in vitro cell experiments, confirmed that these CCL nanoparticles possessed excellent aqueous stability, high tumor micromilieu sensitivity, controlled drug release and severe cytotoxicity to HeLa cells with the aid of near-infrared light irradiation. Not only that, these CCL nanoparticles could serve as nanocarriers for loading other anti-cancer drugs (curcumin) to realize synergistic and highly effective treatment. Overall, this work provides a convenient way to produce promising intelligent, responsive and enhanced anticancer therapies.


Can psychologists help performers in sport, business, and the performing arts achieve peak performances more often and with greater consistency? Sport psychologists have taken the lead in researching peak performance in an attempt to answer this question. This article focuses on optimal experiences


Catalysts for the low-temperature dry-type simultaneous removal of sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were investigated, and Cr2O3-TiO2 prepared by the coprecipitation method was found as a superior catalyst.In this process, SO2 was catalytically oxidized to SO3, then deposited onto catalyst surface as ammonium sulfates by the reaction with H2O and NH3, and NOx were reduced to N2 with NH3 over the same catalyst at low temperature (ca. 130°C).The experiments were carried out using a flow type packed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 110-150°C. Inlet gases were SO2 (mainly 250ppm), NO (250ppm), NH3 (500-750ppm), O2 (5%), H2O (10%) and N2 (balance gas).The main results obtained are as follows:1) 10-30mol%Cr2O3-90-70mol%TiO2 gave the higer activity than the other composition oxides for the simultaneous removal of SOx, and NOx.2) The salts deposited on Cr2O3-TiO2 were amorphous form of NH4HSO4 and (NH4) 2SO4.3) The used catalyst could be regenerated by heating at 500°C in N2 stream, and then treating with O2 (5%)-N2 mixture at 500°C.4) The active oxygen of Cr2O3-TiO2 gave the high activity for not only the denitrification (NOx removal), but the oxidation of NO to NO2. When the active oxygen was consumed, the addition rate of the oxygen from the gas phase was promoted by the coexistence of SO2.5) The almost complete removal of SOx, and NOx without the leak of NH3 could be done by controling the quantity of NH3 supplied over Cr2O3-TiO2.


Accountability has become a hot topic in federal HRM. The authors describe how downsized, reinvented Government places a great demand on line managers both to comply with personnel laws and to achieve excellent results from their management of people. Yet, the task of identifying a viable approach to HRM accountability has not been easy. There has been no common understanding of what accountability is, let alone any clear idea of how to measure it. Indeed, the bewildering array of results measurement models that seem to promise "The Answer" often only end up confusing managers and HR professionals alike. To help Federal managers and HR professionals make sense of this situation, the authors offer the HRM Accountability System Development Guide, the product of an interagency task force of which both were members. The Guide provides a clear depiction of accountability as applying to both legal compliance and HR program results, and examples of how each can be measured in the federal context. While acknowledging that there is no one answer or set of answers in HRM accountability, the authors advocate the Guide as an invaluable framework that can show the way to any and all federal agencies as they set out to achieve accountability.


Purpose Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder that is characterized by pleomorphic features involving many organ systems. Renal manifestations are the second most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and include renal cysts, angiomyolipomas (AMLs) and malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated patients with tuberous sclerosis in our clinic for renal involvement. Methods In our clinic, the renal manifestations of children with TSC between 0–18 years of age were evaluated. Age of the first diagnosis, TSC history of family, renal ultrasonography findings of angiomyolipomas and cysts such as size, quantity, location, renal function tests, urinalysis, presence of hypertension, additional organ involvement,and the presence of renal cell carcinoma were assessed. Results There were 17 (8 male and 9 female) patients with TSC. The mean age of the patients was 11.6 years and first diagnosis time was 2,3 years. Angiomyolipoma was the most frequent lesion (15 of 17 patients) and twelve of them were bilateral. At the time of diagnosis 3 patients had angiomyolipomas. The sizes of AMLs of the patients were smaller than 5cm. Six patients had also renal cysts and 2 of them with renal cysts had no AML. Additional organ involvement was observed in 3 patients. All of the patients had normal renal function tests and urinalysis. Conclusion The most common renal lesions in TSC are angiomyolipomas and kidney cysts. At the time of TSC diagnosis, all the children must be screened for renal involvement and changing of renal findings in TSC with time should not be forgetten since the new findings can be added to old ones.


Titanium is one of the most valuable elements found in blast furnace slag, with a concentration of approximate 2.7%. Because of the low level of titanium in slag, the best method of extraction is hydrometallurgy. In this study, parameters such as slag particle size, temperature, concentration of acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, and ultrasonic wave time were used to determine the recovery of titanium. Parameters such as time and stirring speed were kept constant. To examine the results, a two-level fractional factorial experimental design was used. Particle sizes in the ranges of 2.35–3.36 and <0.85 mm, temperatures of 25–65 °C, acid concentrations of 1–2 M, solid-to-liquid ratios of 1:10–1:30 g/L, and ultrasonic wave times of 0–20 min were studied. A total of 20 tests were performed, and using statistical analysis and ANOVA, the optimum conditions were identified, and a confirmation test was also performed. A recovery of titanium of over 98% was determined, and the predicted and actual results were determined...


Objective To evaluate the fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX) predictive value on male fracture. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on 698 non fracture history Shanghai men. Collect the age, height,weight,parents brittle fracture history,oral hormone history,history of rheumatoid arthritis,drinking history, smoking history,combined with the other can cause secondary osteoporosis disease history,lumbar 1-4(L 1-4),left femoral neck,and total hip bone mineral density(bone mineral density,BMD). Application of fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX) Chinese model to calculate the occurrence probability fracture individual 10 years,reached the standardscreening high-risk patients of osteoporotic fractures in individuals. Be divided into 5 groups by age,40- 49 years old group,50- 59 years old group,60- 69 years old group,70- 79 group and 80- 90 group at the age of 10 years,the probability of occurrence of hip fracture and osteoporotic fracture analysis of different ages. And analysis of 50- 59 years old group,60- 69 years old group,70- 79 group and 80- 90 4 group different age bone mass reduction ratio. According to body weight were divided into 4 groups,the marasmus group(BMI 18. 5 kg / m2),normal group(18. 5 ≤ BMI 24 kg / m2),overweight(24 ≤ BMI 28 kg/m2),obesity group(BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2),analysis of different BMI groups decreased bone mass ratio. Results Only 3 subjects reached the standard risk patients with osteoporotic hip fracture. 10 years of hip fracture probability of(0. 53 ± 0. 4)(0- 4. 0); 10major osteoporotic fracture probability of(1. 62 ± 0. 76)(0. 4- 5. 4). 10 years of hip fracture probability in 40 to 70 years of age increased with age,then subsequently increased with age and gradually decreased,the difference was statistically significant between groups of all ages(P 0. 05); 10 major osteoporotic fracture probability increased with age and gradually decreased,the difference was statistically significant group between the ages of(P 0. 05). Each age group and the body weight of bone loss rate between groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion FRAX Chinese model operation results may underestimate Shanghai male occurrence probability fracture 10 years,particularly the major osteoporotic fracture probability in 10 years; FRAX China mode on male fracture prediction value is worthy of further investigation.


This paper addresses the $H_\infty$-stability analysis of neutral time-delay systems with multiple commensurate delays, including those with poles asymptotic to the imaginary axis. The location of asymptotic poles is completely described, and easy-to-check necessary and sufficient conditions of $H_\infty$-stability are derived. Robustness relative to a change in the delay or the parameters is discussed. Moreover, $H_\infty$-stabilizability by rational controllers is considered, and, finally, several examples are given.


In the course of our recent studies on the synthesis, solid phase structure, solution and solid phase 13C CPMAS [1], and its application in Ion Selective Electrodes [2] of the smallest benzo crown ether, Benzo-9-Crown-3, B9C3, we accomplished the synthesis of B9C3 derivative 3.[...]


It introduces the area,in dependence,space-time effect and environment effect of underground deep foundation project,represents the design points of underground deep foundation supporting system,analyses the selection of the foundation strengthening method and the problems should attention in construction,to meet the need of the deep foundation project construction quality requests.


Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis in patients undergoing clinical cardiac surgery. miRNAs are involved in MIRI. However, the effect of miR-760 on MIRI and molecular mechanism have not been revealed. In vivo experiments, twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10): Sham group and Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) group. In vitro experiments, H9C2 cells were exposed to hypoxia for 6 h, and then reoxygenated to establish hypoxia / reoxygenation (H/R) model. High expression of miR-760 was observed in MIRI rats and H/R-H9C2 cells. Besides, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and myocardial infarct size were notably enlarged in MIRI group, suggesting miR-760 may aggravate MIRI. miR-760 low-expression enhanced the inhibitory effect of NaHS on apoptosis of H/R-H9C2 cells as well as the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter assay further confirmed the targeting relationship between dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP1) and miR-760. Additionally, miR-760 overexpression and H/R treatment in H9C2 cells inhibited the expression of DUSP1, which further promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, DUSP1 enhanced the protective effect of NaHS on MIRI. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-760 restrains the protective effect of NaHS against MIRI.


We take a look at the newest high-quality dividend payers in the index, and we take a closer look at an undervalued name.


Objective To understand the status of blood lead level of children in Harbin,and prevent lead poisoning.Methods We analyzed the result of blood lead level of 140 320 patients from Jan 2009 to Nov 2010,and used BH-2100 automatic absorption spectrometer and special diluent to tested the content of blood lead.Results The blood lead level 10 μg/dL was set as the abnormal determination standard.According to the analysis,we learned that the blood lead level of people had the close relationship with their ages and gender(P0.05).Conclusion The lead poisoning of the children has the great harm for their growth,so the effective prevention and early treatment are crucial.


For all of the doubts raised about the effectiveness of international aid in advancing peace and development, there are few examples of developing countries that are even relatively untouched by it. This book offers us one such example. Using evidence from Somaliland's experience of peace-building, the book challenges two of the most engrained presumptions about violence and poverty in the global South. First, that intervention by actors in the global North is self-evidently useful in ending them, and second that the quality of a country's governance institutions (whether formal or informal) necessarily determines the level of peace and civil order that the country experiences. The book explores how popular discourses about war, peace, and international intervention structure the conditions of possibility to such a degree that even the inability of institutions to provide reliable security can stabilize a prolonged period of peace. It argues that Somaliland's post-conflict peace is grounded less in the constraining power of its institutions than in a powerful discourse about the country's structural, temporal, and physical proximity to war. Through its sensitivity to the ease with which peace gives way to war, the book argues, this discourse has indirectly harnessed an apparent propensity to war as a source of order.


One of the main aspects of subsea pipeline design is ensuring pipeline stability on the seabed under the action of hydrodynamic loads. Hydrodynamic loads acting on Piggyback Pipeline Systems have traditionally been determined by pipeline engineers using an 'equivalent pipeline diameter' approach. The approach is simple and assumes that hydrodynamic loads on the Piggyback Pipeline System are equal to the loads on a single pipeline with diameter equal to the projected height of the piggyback bundle (the sum of the large diameter pipeline, small diameter pipeline and gap between the pipelines) [1]. Hydrodynamic coefficients for single pipelines are used in combination with the 'equivalent diameter pipe' to determine the hydrodynamic loads on the Piggyback Pipeline System. In order to assess more accurately the dynamic response of a Piggyback Pipeline System, an extensive set of physical model tests has been performed to measure hydrodynamic forces on a Piggyback Pipeline System in combined waves and currents conditions, and to determine in-line and lift force coefficients which can be used in a dynamic stability analysis to generate the hydrodynamic forces on the pipeline [2]. This paper describes the implementation of the model testing results in finite elements dynamic stability analysis and presents a case study where the dynamic response of a Piggyback Pipeline System was assessed using both the conventional 'equivalent diameter approach' and the hydrodynamic coefficients determined using model testing. The responses predicted using both approaches were compared and key findings presented in the paper, in terms of adequacy of the equivalent diameter approach, and effect of piggyback gap (separation between the main line and the secondary line) on the response.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The morphological features of ENL, occurring in histoid leprosy are described. Its infrequent occurrence has been emphasised. The possible immunopathogenesis of its occurrence in histoid leprosy is briefly outlined.


This study was conducted to describe what teaching techniques were used to teach Indonesian as a second language to foreign young learners at an American school in Salatiga so that they can be alternatives for language teachers, especially to teach Indonesian to young foreigners. Observation was conducted at Indonesian classes of the elementary level, kindergarten to the sixth grade, twice for each class with the same teacher. A camera was put to record all class activities and checklist was used to identify the teaching techniques. The teaching techniques were based on four teaching approaches or methods. They were GrammarTranslation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Total Physical Response, and Communicative Language Teaching. The research findings showed that the teacher did not apply certain techniques of specific approaches and methods. Instead, the techniques were the compilation of several techniques of those approaches and methods. It was found that some techniques which were considered outdated were still applied. The teacher created fun teaching and learning atmosphere. The teacher developed the enjoyable materials, such as telling about the learners' family, using pictures, cartoon movie, and songs as the teaching aids, and also arranging a field trip to give the students opportunity to interact with the society using Indonesian.


The computational study of energy and angular distributions of charged particles in low-temperature plasma is presented. As a geometrical arrangement of our computational study the cylindrical one was chosen. For this purpose we have created two self-consistent particle models of low-temperature argon plasma in cylindrical arrangement. The first computer model is one-dimensional and the second one is two-dimensional in space, both of them being three-dimensional in velocities. As a computational technique for simulations of the transport of electrons and argon ions the particle-in-cell (PIC) method together with Monte Carlo treatment of scattering events including null-collision technique was used. Comparison of energy and angular distributions was carried out for various distances from cylindrical probe immersed into plasma and for various integration steps for these two types of computer models.


serum on colonization and invasiveness ofE. coli KJ in orally infected inbred LEW baby rats was investigated. Strains expressing MR adhesins had significantly higher colonization and invasion rates than non-MR strains did. Mixed-infection experiments of LEW rats revealed interactions between different types of E. coli Kl strains affecting colonization and invasion rates. P-fimbriated strains appeared to have a selective advantage for colonization. The bacteremic potentials of different E. coli Kl strains could not be associated with their resistance to sera from LEW rats free of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. No differences in virulence between fecal E. coli Kl isolates and clinical isolates from diseased humans were found. An influence of the major histocompatibility complex on host susceptibility to invasive E. coli Kl was indicated by comparing the parental LEW rat strain with different congenic LEW strains (RTI).


Chemical industries produce large amounts of short-chain halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are used as organic solvents, paints, pesticides, herbicides and intermediates for the synthesis of other organic compounds. Significant quantities of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) have been produced over recent years. Due to toxicity and carcinogenity of this chemical a vast scientific interest has focused on its removal from polluted water. The effect of constant electric field for 1,2-dichloroethane degradation by Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ 10 was investigated. Processes of dehalogenation were carried out with initial substrate concentrations of 0,12, 0,14 and 0,2 g/l 1,2-DCA in the presence and absence of constant electric field. The anode potential was maintained constant by a potentiostat of value 0,1 V vs. quinhydrone electrode. When no electric field was applied the biodegradation was impeded. It stopped before one chlorine atom in the substrate molecule was released completely. In the case of electric field application the dechlorination process is completed. The concentration of chloride ions in the medium reaches its stoichiometric values. The results shows that the stimulating effect of constant electric field is due to biophysical or biochemical influence of the field applied to bacteria but not because of electrochemical processes.


only a small difference in height. None of the groups reach mean values for American children of the same age. This may reflect either genetic size differences between Korean and American children or the effects of chronic undernutrition extending for several generations in developing countries such as South Korea. Perhaps even more striking and less in accord with-previously reported experience is the fact that the mean IQ of the severely malnourished children is 102 and slightly skewed to the right. It is about 40 points higher than that reported in similar populations that were returned to their early home environments (1, 3). In addition, achievement in school for the severely malnourished group is equal to that expected of normal U.S. children. However, the stigmata of malnutrition had not entirely disappeared by the time these children were studied. There are statistically significant differences between the previously malnourished and well-nourished children in IQ and achievement scores. Whether these are permanent differences it may be too soon to judge. It should be noted, however, that the initially well-nourished children attained a mean IQ and achievement score higher than that of middle-class American children. It may be that these attainments (and those of the other two groups as well) reflect the select character of adoptive parents and of the environment they provide to their adopted children. In this study all the children came to their U.S. homes before the age of threethe mean age was 18 months. Thus they spent a major portion of their early developmental years in their adoptive homes. It would be important both theoretically and practically to determine whether adoption at later ages produces similar results. Such studies are being planned.


SUMMARY The clinical and microbiological features of infective endocarditis are changing. Nevertheless, Streptococcus viridans remains the most common aetiologic agent re ported in the literature. The role of Staphylococcus epidermidis in postcardlotomy endocarditis is well established. However, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the commonest bacterium isolated from all patients with endocarditis at the Johannesburg General Hospital. It is likely that in many cases this organism, when isolated from a blood culture bottle, originated in the patient, but we are unable to say whether as a patho gen or contaminant. Bacteriophage typing, the nitroblue tetrazolium test, and plate counts on patients' blood may aid in this regard. The incidence of negative blood cultures, as well as that of probable contamination of blood samples from endocarditis patients, is higher in this series than reported from most centres. The addition of sodium polyanethol sulphonate (Liquoid), and 10 - 20% sucrose plus magnesium sulphate to the culture medium and the utilization of a closed blood culture system should favourably affect these results.


Thank you for reading clinical magnetic resonance angiography. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this clinical magnetic resonance angiography, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. clinical magnetic resonance angiography is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the clinical magnetic resonance angiography is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The application of the high temperature ageing anaerobic chamber is presented. its main specification, principle, configuration and key points of the electronic controlled test part are introduced. An oxygen concentration control device is designed to address the issue of easily oxidized materials during the high temperature ageing.


A new electrostatic accelerator has been constructed and tested. The entire vacuum system including the accelerating tube and ion source is of bakable construction. The accelerating tube, corona tube, and support column are constructed of thin metal disks hard‐soldered to alumina ceramic rings and the insulation length of each is 5 ft. Without the accelerating tube the generator has been operated at potentials in excess of 7 Mv corresponding to gradients of over 1400 kv/ft. With flat disk molybdenum electrodes usable voltage was limited to 2.1 Mv. When these electrodes were replaced by flat disk steel electrodes having smaller beam apertures and provided with side pumpout holes, the accelerator was operated for short times at potentials in excess of 4 Mv corresponding to a tube gradient of over 800 kv/ft. There was no evidence of small discharges or electron loading in the tube. During the course of these tests three tube ceramics were cracked—probably by sparking—and it is now difficult to operate the ma...


According to the present situation of the small and medium-sized enterprises with dispersed offices,this paper analyzes the present situation of the requirements of enterprises for implementing the service informatization,puts forward a universal platform which can supply web services to many enterprises synchronously,and taking Tianjin Haihe Yacht Ticket System as the example,expounds the usability,security and economical efficiency of this platform,and points out that the problem of informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises can be solved by building an independent network service system on this platform for the enterprises having the requirement for informatization.


Basic helix‐loop‐helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is located in 3p26.1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor of the circadian rhythm by suppressing the expression of the clock genes and clock‐controlled genes. Recent research indicated that BHLHE40 may be involved in regulating tumor cell progression. However the mechanism by which BHLHE40 regulates the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells is unclear. Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40 promoted tumor cell invasion while BHLHE40 silencing by siRNA suppressed tumor cell invasion of MCF‐7 cells. BHLHE40 suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of CLDN1 CLDN4 and CDH1 and promoted the expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2. Reporter assays demonstrated that BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription but not through direct binding to the E‐box motifs in the CLDN1 promoter. Further studies demonstrated BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription by preventing the interaction between SP1 and a specific motif within the promoter region of CLDN1. BHLHE40 could not further suppress CLDN1 transactivation after SP1 siRNA transfection that is, BHLHE40‐induced suppression of CLDN1 relied on SP1. Furthermore our data indicated that SP1 was a major regulator of CLDN1 transcription by binding to a specific motif that was located at −233 to −61 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Immunoprecipitation and co‐localization data revealed an interaction between BHLHE40 and SP1. By constructing deletion mutants we found that the BHLH and Orange regions are both essential for the BHLHE40‐SP1 interaction. BHLHE40 probably acts as an inhibitory nuclear cofactor or perhaps recruits other inhibitory cofactors to inhibit the SP1‐mediated CLDN1 transactivation. These results suggest that BHLHE40 facilitates cell invasion and may be used as a novel target for breast cancer prevention and treatment.


In this paper, a novel reactive power compensator based on current control is proposed. The fundamental principle of the reactive power compensator is that the primary winding of transformer is shunted in power utility while multiple secondary windings are connected with PWM inverters. In terms of the substitution principium in circuit theory and by properly control of the output current of the inverter, the transformer can exhibit an inductance or capacitance arbitrarily. The system configuration and control strategy are presented. The experimental results verify the validity of the novel principle as well as the feasibility control scheme.


Western spruce budworm defoliated area in the Northern Region has differed
significantly across three discrete geographic zones during the past decade. Aerially visible defoliation in northern Idaho increased from 1.7 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.2 million acres in 1974,
and declined to none in 1979. Defoliated area in western Montana increased from 1.8 million acres in 1969 to a high of 2.8 million acres in 1972 and declined to 0.6 million acres in 1979. Conversely, defoliated
area in eastern Montana fluctuated at low levels between 0.1 and 0.7 million acres between 1969 and 1974, and then rose to a high of 1.6 million acres in 1979. Analysis of defoliation trend, the ratio of acres defoliated in the current year by acres defoliated the prior year, and weather during budworm larval and pupal periods during the past decade revealed the following relationships: Defoliation trend in all
three geographic areas varied (a) directly with mean maximum temperature during May, June, and July of the year before, and (b) inversely with frequency of measurable precipitation during May, June, and July of the year before. Based on warm, dry conditions throughout the Region in 1979, we predict a general increase in budworm populations in the Northern Region in 1980.


Technological improvements in the past few years have made strict metabolic control a real possibility for patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The question now is whether benefits of intensive insulin treatment through infusion pumps or multiple injections outweigh the considerable time, effort, and risks involved. The ongoing multicenter Diabetes Control and Complication Trial is trying to answer that question. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the long-term study began in April 1983. Investigators are trying to determine whether maintaining the blood glucose level as close to normal as possible ("tight control") in a patient with diabetes will help prevent the often-progressive retinal and renal complications of diabetes. Testing an Assumption The crux of the problem lies in determining whether abnormal blood glucose levels are directly responsible for the complications. "The general assumption has always been that lower blood sugars prevent complications," says William Tamborlane, MD, associate professor of


ology for the social sciences, Hekman maintains that "methodological implications" can nevertiieless be drawn from his work. His "fusion of horizons," for example, avoids what she calls die "errors" of positivism and subjectivism. Hekman's study faUs to deliver on its promise of a major reorientation in our understanding of the social sciences. Like many odier exemplars of the once-again fashionable genre, "Grand Theory," the book neither substantiates nor exemplifies the "radical" proposals and methodological initiatives it announces. In the face of the postmodernist chaUenge, Hekman invokes that familiar subject of American social theory, "the normative values of our tradition" (p. 186). Hekman successfully "fuses horizons" with Mannheim and Gadamer, but she refuses to come fuUy to grips with alternative lines of theory and research. She upholds her program largely by advancing facUe dismissals of relevant work in the sociology of scientific knowledge, ethnomethodology, and interpretive sociology; and her critiques ofWittgenstein, Rorty, Habermas, Derrida, and Foucault often amount to heavy-handed, and sometimes outlandish, assertions, such as "Wittgenstein's essentiaUy epistemological approach" (p. 119), or Foucault's and Derrida's having "forgotten that historical, social and cultural grounds are necessary to human life" (p. 196). Hekman writes as one possessed of a truth which enables her to pinpoint the "errors" of other thinkers, and she repeatedly asserts that "it is not difficult to show" how these rivals go astray. The criticism underplays the extent towhich some ofdie rejected approaches not only anticipate the sorts of critique she gives, but offer refinements and singular applications of the themes she espouses.


The determination of absolute neutrino masses is crucial for the understanding of theories underlying the standard model, such as SUSY. We review the experimental prospects to determine absolute neutrino masses and the correlations among approaches, using the Delta m^2's inferred from neutrino oscillation experiments and assuming a three neutrino Universe.


The novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a coronavirus that has not been found in human before. It often uses animals other than human as its host and intermediate host. The nCoV reported at present includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and recently discovered 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). nCoV is a new type of coronavirus. ncov can cause severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, renal failure and other critical disease states. It is urgent to improve the clinicians' understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of nCoV infection. To improve the ability of outpatient triage and early identification, to strengthen the prevention and control of nosocomial infection, to improve the comprehensive treatment ability of severe patients and to strengthen clinical research are the key to deal with the epidemic situation of nCoV infection.

Key words:
SARS-CoV-2 infection; Severe acute respiratory infection; Pneumonia of unknown origin


This paper provides a utility knowledge of how and widely and freely available online video clips can be collected and utilized to teach English Language. English language video clips from various Internet sources have been searched, categorized and provided to pre service TESOL teachers to view their applicability for the teaching in terms of technical qualities, content, attitude and readiness, student engagement and pedagogical parameters. The teachers filled in a questionnaire on the applicability of the video clips which was developed and distributed to 33 TESOL pre service teachers at a public university in West Malaysia. The result shows that pre service teachers highly accept the applicability of online video clips and they show very strong attitude and readiness to use the video clips in the future teaching.


Recent studies of the broadband rotational spectrum of acrylonitrile, H2C=CHC≡N, revealed the presence of multiple resonances between rotational levels in different vibrational states. The resonances affect even the ground state transitions and their analysis allowed determination of vibrational term values for the first three excited states above the ground statea and of vibrational energy differences in several polyads above these states.b At that time there was no infrared data of sufficient resolution to assess the reliability of the resonance based vibrational energy determinations.


A simple method is proposed in this paper.Compared with the performance of the conventional tractor-trailer,this method reaches the stability of a tractor-trailer by using a trajectory based on the notion of controlling the hitch-angle of the trailer instead of the steering angle of the tractor.The method is proved to be stable,and viable through various experimental results conducted on our test platform.


This paper studies the interval exponential input-to-state stability (interval e-ISS) for switching impulsive systems (SIS). The notions of interval e-ISS and interval event-e-ISS are defined for SIS. And the SIS are classified into the time-based SIS and the state-based SIS according to whether the switching control is driven by time or state. By using the decomposition of the interval matrix and the method of variation of constants formula, the equivalence between interval e-ISS and e-ISS is established for the time-based SIS. It shows the time-based SIS has interval e-ISS if and only if its average-value system has e-ISS. And the criteria of interval e-ISS and interval event-e-ISS for the time-based SIS and the state-based SIS are derived separatively. Then, the result is used to test the ISS property for a micro-grid under hybrid control. The simulations for the micro-grid have been worked out to illustrate the results.


The Affective Domain Achievement Level for Fielding Game 5 Physical Abstract This research was carried out to identify the level of affective domain learning achievement for fielding game category in Year 5 Physical Education subject. The study was conducted at 10 primary schools in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia with a sample of 400 Year 5 pupils who attended the Physical Education (PE) classes. The research design was in the form of survey by using the Affective Assessment Instrument (r = 0.90) which contained the assessment in the form of scoring rubrics for affective domains. The research data were analyzed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Science) version 23. The results showed that the pupils affective domains achievement levels for fielding game category in the PE subject was (M = 75.93; SD = 1.57) at level four which showed overall good. From this study, it is suggested that pupils can improve their achievement level of affective domains in various types of games through teaching and learning in PE subject to produce pupils who possess good level of affective domain, thus become successful students.


Green recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with high strength and low shrinkage is prepared based on recycled coarse aggregate produced by the particle-shaping and aggregate-strengthening method and green low-carbon new cement. This not only effectively alleviates the shortage of natural resources, but also improves the performance of recycled aggregate concrete, which is of great significance for multi-channel resource utilization of construction waste. In this study, three kinds of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA), including simple crushing recycled coarse aggregate (JD-RCA), one-time particle-shaping recycled coarse aggregate (KL-RCA) and two-time particle-shaping recycled coarse aggregate (EKL-RCA), were prepared from the preparation technology of recycled aggregate, and high belite sulphoaluminate cement with excellent performance was used. The effects of aggregate quality, aggregate replacement ratio, and cementitious material content on mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of green recycled aggregate concrete were studied in comparison with ordinary Portland cement-based recycled aggregate concrete. The testing results show that the particle-shaping method can effectively improve the aggregate quality. The compressive strength and dry shrinkage performance of recycled aggregate concrete made of particle-shaped aggregate are only a little different from those of natural aggregate concrete, and even the performance of recycled aggregate is better than that of natural aggregate concrete under the condition of a low replacement ratio of recycled aggregate. In addition, high belite sulphoaluminate cement-based recycled aggregate concrete (HBRAC) not only has early strength and rapid hardening, but also has excellent drying shrinkage resistance, and its shrinkage rate can be reduced to more than 75% compared with ordinary Portland cement-based recycled aggregate concrete (OPRAC).


This paper deals with two aspects of characterization of the fracture process zone (FPZ) in concrete beams. A comparative study is done between acoustic emission (AE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to understand the microlevel aspect of the FPZ in concrete beams. SEM analysis, is mainly based on the preparation and analyzing samples which are considered as being a very important part (poor preparation techniques can lead to erroneous diagnosis of the concrete study). On the other hand, an AE is a localized and quick release of strain energy in a stressed material. The released energy causes stress waves, which propagate through the specimen. These waves can be detected at the specimen surface and analyzed to evaluate the magnitude and the nature of damage. The results obtained from the two experimental studies have shown that there is a small divergence between experimental results (SEM and AE). This may be related to some details during the sample analysis.


On 2 january 2014, I saw Hamayun Ghanizadeh's preview of Waiting For Godot at the Tehran Theatre (Teatr-e Shahr). After waiting close to two hours in traffic to reach the building, 45 minutes to enter the building, and another 10 minutes or so to be searched before entering the hall, I finally took my seat.1 The 650-seat auditorium was full to capacity. Waiting for Godot had been scheduled for September 2013 but was postponed for unknown reasons until 1 February 2014. A month before its official opening, tickets for previews were sold to enthusiastic theatregoers. It was sold out every night, even though ticket prices had recently increased to 1,500,000-2,500,000 rials.2 Waiting For Godot shared the stage with a second production by Homayun Ghanizadeh, The Beauty Queen Of Leenane; the two shows ran consecutively six nights a week.This was the second time Ghanizadeh, the director of Mungu Theatre Troupe, had staged Waiting For Godot. His first production of the play took place in 2004 in Teatr-e Shahr. For both productions, Ghanizadeh served as director, set designer, and dramaturg. The themes, characterization, and structure of Waiting For Godot, this absurdist play by Samuel Beckett, resonate with Iranians living in an Islamic republic that is devastated by sanctions and alienated from the world. At first glance, it might seem that straightforward references to the ruling system and the social crisis the nation faces might have been a very apropos directorial choice; the themes of Waiting For Godot are relevant to a nation that is waiting for the new government of President Hasan Rohani to miraculously end its misfortunes. However, Ghanizadeh rejected this strategy, emphasizing instead the universality of Waiting For Godot. In interviews, both he and Ramin Sayyardashti (the actor who plays Lucky) emphasized that Beckett's play is not about any particular sociopolitical situation and is not bound to a distinct geographical location. They believe, and rightly so, that this play deals with universal human relationships, reactions to the absurdity of the world in general, and the dilemmas of the postmodern world we live in.The insistence of Ghanizadeh and his cast that their production was not political is understandable, especially for younger Iranian artists. Since the Islamic revolution of 1978-79, the Ministry Of Culture And Islamic Guidance has strictly censored productions in the visual and literary arts. Artists of all disciplines must have an official license from the ministry in order to secure budgets, receive permission to use performance spaces or have exhibitions, get published, hold screenings, or have access to any other form of public exposure. The ministry reserves the right to stop any artwork at any stage of development, ban any artist from producing an artwork, and/or deny any artist financial aid. These policies are implemented for all artists, regardless of artistic medium. Some Iranian artists are sponsored by the government; they produce visual or literary artworks that promote the interests of the Islamic Republic. These artists receive a significant portion of their funding from the government and thus have access to better facilities than other artists. However, the majority of artists living in Iran are independent individuals who either receive small budgets from the government or use their own assets to fund their work. Regardless of how artistic work is funded, all artists are obliged to abide by the ministry's rules in order to obtain permission to produce art for the public.Waiting for Godot was staged in Teatr-e Shahr's main hall. The theatre is located in central Tehran, a few minutes away from Roudaki (Vahdat) Hall, one of Tehran's opera houses. Teatr-e Shahr has changed significantly since 2007, the last time i was in Iran. The city has decided to use the land that surrounded the theatre, which used to be filled with alleys and gardens, for mosques and other facilities. In protest against this ignorant decision, large groups of artists, university students, neighbors, and ordinary people gathered in front of Teatr-e Shahr to protest the demolition of the areas surrounding the theatre. …


In this paper, we study semi-structured data mining. In this paper, we adopt labeled unordered trees as a more suitable model of real-life semi-structured data, and proposed an efficient algorithm UNOT that discovers all frequent unordered tree patterns. the algorithm enumerates each frequent pattern T in O(kb 2 m) per pattern, where k is the size of T , b is the branching factor of the data trees, and m is the total number of occurrences of T in the data trees. We also show empirical analysis of the algorithm.


New techniques and technologies for MIN * Neuroendoscopic treatment of Hydrocephalus * MIN for Space Occupying lesions * Minimally invasive treatment of AV-Malformations * Endoscopic carpal tunnel release Neuronavigation * MIN-perspectives for the future * Neurotransplantation.


Rwanda harbors a great diversity of wild orchids. Th is work provides an update to the diversity, distribution and ornamental potential of the Vo lcanoes National Park orchids. A total of 50 orch ids species grouped in 23 genera have been identified. In the park, orchids appeared to occur mostly in the area extending fro m Mount Bisoke to Gah inga. The park proved to be ho me to a number of orchid species of flo ric u lture merit with their brilliant and delicate b loo ms such as Satyrium crassicaule, Cynorkis kassneriana, Satyrium sacculatum and Habenaria praestans. Unfortunately, the orchid diversity of the park has been subject to a number of human- originated threats. Through this study, the issue of an integrated effort of preservation which in part can be done by domestication and ex-situ conservation through ornamental horticu lture was discuss ed. (Jean Leonard SEBURANGA. Diversity, Distribution and Ornamental Potential of Rwanda"s Volcanoes National Park Orchids. Researcher. 2010; 2(10):30-34). (ISSN: 1553-9865).


The coastal regions of Kerala are mostly dynamic in nature and is accentuated as the result of various developmental activities taking place along the coastline. Choking of river mouths and sandbar formation is a persistent perennial problem occurring in the tropical states of the Indian sub-continent during non-monsoon seasons. Predominant sediment transport is attributed as a major reason for this occurrence. Critical locations along the Kerala coast were identified to be Cheruvathur, Korapuzha, and Chettuvai. Training of river mouths was identified as the long-term solution for the aforementioned problem, and, hence, the same were proposed for construction after carrying out a detailed study by adopting numerical modeling techniques. The magnitude and direction of the net sediment drift was evaluated. The patterns of shoreline changes corresponding to the proposed training walls were assessed. Wave transformation studies for typical monthly wave climate were performed to analyze the phase and amplitude variation in the presence of proposed structures. The detailed analysis of the results from the numerical model that were analyzed are presented and discussed in this paper. Post implementation of the proposed training walls, desirable effects were yielded.


Introduction This paper examines the degree to which changes in local and regional governance are altering the educational and training needs of public servants who work within the field of economic and social regeneration. Fundamentally, it argues that the traditional skills and competencies of individuals who work in local and regional agencies require enhancement and that educational and training providers, such as University Business Schools, must adapt existing provision to accommodate this change agenda. It draws on some of the findings from current ongoing research into the effectiveness of relationships between Regional Development Agencies (RDAs), Sub Regional Partnerships (SRPs) and Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) in the North East of England, but also uses data from recently held forums at the University of Durham Business School involving multi-disciplinary teams of academics and academic related staff from across the university together with practitioners and consultants from national, regional, and local public and private agencies.


Considering the material dispersion, TM guided modes in a four-layer slab waveguide including left-handed material are investigated. Firstly, two types of dispersion equations are obtained for TM guided modes through Maxwell′s equations. In terms of these equations, based on experimental model, the corresponding dispersion curves are plotted, respectively. Then, these curves are analyzed and some new dispersive properties of TM guided modes are found. Besides, the normalized power fluxes of TM guided modes in the waveguide is calculated, and it is found that: for the first type of fundamental mode, the direction of group velocity is opposite to that of the normalized power flux; and the normalized power fluxes for the first type are always positive, however, for the second type, the fluxes may be positive, negative, or zero in different frequency regions. The positive normalized power flux implies the energy travels forward and the negative one means the energy moves back. As the normalized power flux equals zero, it tells that all energy is stored in the slab waveguide. This may provide us a theory foundation for designing new optical switches and sensors.


Non-formal education is considered today as a service sector aimed at meeting the population needs; flexibly reacting to a change of the sociocultural situation in nation; capable of promoting values, images, lifestyles, culture of conflict-free dialogue between different countries' representatives and affecting the transformation of society. It is necessary to change the legislation and other conditions for the non-formal education development in the countries of Eurasia for the dynamics of the educational activity content in non-formal education structures and the training of its subjects. The search for ways, forms of subjects training capable of building of events educational network is very important. One of the effective ways to identify and prepare such entities is to create conditions for their (self)organization. The most used forms of (self)organization of non-formal education of different age's communities: school non-formal communities (clubs, music groups), family (family education, leisure), hobby reader's clubs, religious communities of parishioners, groups of travelers and participants of excursion routes. Among the methods of (self)organization of different age's communities, we single out game and project activities. The independent group activities development, crowdsourcing, and foreign bibliographic sources on the aforementioned problem of research, modelling, systematization of the experience of professional activities of teachers in Eurasia (data on the activities of the СIS teachers are using), opinion polls, interviews, "included" observation, public examination of educational outcomes.


Performance benchmarking plays a major role in setting and maintaining the objectives of the operational units. Traditional productivity measures are found to be inadequate in assessing the performance and hence advanced techniques like Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are recommended. This paper demonstrates the use of DEA for benchmarking the performance of electricity generating and supply stations and illustrates how the results enable to find out the best performers and the poor performers among the selected operational units and provide clues for improvement. DEA has been successfully applied to assess the productivity of different units and further helps to address the gaps between the superior and poor performers. The paper uses the Excel software to perform the computations and thereby providing an easy way to carry out a benchmarking exercise.


The research work presents the study of heat transfer enhancement in a solar air heater channel fitted with V-Shaped ribs. The experiments are carried out by varying airflow rate for Reynolds number ranging from 5000 to 25,000 in the test section with a constant surface heat flux on the upper plate of the channel which is similar to a solar air heater channel or solar collector. The V-shaped ribs with a transverse pitch value equal to two time of channel height and with the attack angle of 30° are mounted on the upper plate only. The effects of five rib to channel height ratios (e/H) of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 on heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and friction loss in the form of friction factor are experimentally investigated. The experimental result shows that the V-Shaped rib with the e/H = 0.25 provides higher heat transfer and friction factor values than others. The mean Nusselt number values are found to be about 5.35, 4.75, 4.41, 3.72 and 2.74 times over the smooth channel while the mean friction factor values are around 22.58, 14.48, 9.98, 4.88 and 2.35 times for using the ribs with e/H = 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1 and 0.05, respectively.


This paper proposes the NLMS algorithm which is filtering the impulsive noise adaptively and compensates for the bias caused by the input noise in the sparse system. The weight is updated by incorrect data in the impulsive noise environment. To reduce the influence of the impulsive noise, it is filtered using a modified Huber function and the step size scaler. The steady-state misalignment is negatively affected by the bias caused by the input noise. To eliminate the bias, the unbiasedness criterion is used to derive a bias compensation vector. Simulations in system identification with impulsive noise and input noise show that the proposed algorithms outperform other algorithms.


In recent years, since the cooperation of multiple robots provides numerous advantages in engineering applications, the research topics on multi-robot systems have received great attention. Due to the complexity and/or difficulty of a task, the performance by one single robot is usually limited. However, the performance limitation could be overcome by the cooperation of multiple robots. Compared with one single robot, a multi-robot team could provide advantages such as better efficiency, robustness, execution time saving, and so on, which are mainly achieved because of the characteristics of multi-robot cooperation. In a multi-robot team, the possible abilities of each robot can be usually classified as the following four types: communication, sensing, computation, and actuation. Among these abilities, the communication between robots is the most important factor for the cooperative characteristics of a multi-robot team. If every robot is considered as a networking node, the communication links between any pair of robots form a communication network. In order to guarantee the cooperative characteristics of a multi-robot team, the method of maintaining a good communication network thus becomes a critical issue. Considering the robot mobility, environmental limitation, user requests or other factors, many moving algorithms driving robots to form a good communication network are previously proposed. In most of these algorithms, robots are assumed to be well equipped with advanced sensing or positioning devices such as global positioning system, radar and/or camera. These equipments could provide enough information for the moving algorithms and hence output good performance. Sometimes, because of the computation complexity of the algorithm, other advanced processing units are also needed. These assumptions, however, are not easily implemented in real applications. Moreover, cost or retrieve would be another important design issue for the searching task by a robot team. To achieve the cooperative characteristics and information sharing, the team of robots must maintain a good communication connection while moving or performing tasks. In real implementation, sharing enough information quantity among multiple robots could be a challenging problem. In this chapter, inspired by the bacteria mobility behavior, a dispersion movement design for a multi-robot team is presented. The goal of the dispersion algorithm is to maintain the communication network among robots and enlarge the coverage area as widely as possible. Unlike other previously proposed algorithms, the O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te hw eb .c om


EEU is a relatively newly discovered process in microbiology. The Bose research group is bringing an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind EEU and how it can be engineered to provide potential solutions to the climate crisis. These solutions come from the capacity of some EEU-capable microbes to use chemical energy (chemoautotrophs) or light energy (photoautotrophs) in a process like photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomass. EEU-capable chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs are quite common in nature and could not only be used to remove CO2 from the environment but also to concurrently produce bioplastics or biofuels through microbial electrosynthesis.


It is discussed that the time delay is serious in the network,and it seriously influences the precision of the time calibration in the Internet.A new method is presented in this paper it can accurately measure the time delay of information package in the network.Point out that this method is important for time services and network communication.


Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of digestive signs and symptoms in rural workers and identify frequently associated factors.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 182 rural and horticultural farm workers aged 18 years or older. To assess internal data consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. To compare means between groups, student's t-test was used for independent samples. The Mann–Whitney test was used in cases of asymmetry.Results: The prevalence of digestive signs and symptoms was 31.9%. The signs and symptoms included epigastric pain (27.4%), regurgitation (18.1%), bloating (9.9%), nausea (9.9%), and vomiting (6.0%).Conclusion: The prevalence of digestive signs and symptoms reported by rural workers was high and was associated with being older than 60 years, using agricultural pesticides, and being of Italian descent. Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalencia de sinais e sintomas digestorios em trabalhadoras rurais e identificar fatores associados mais frequentes.Metodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 182 trabalhadoras rurais maiores de 18 anos e de agricultura de hortifrutigranjeiros. Para avaliar a consistencia interna dos dados utilizou-se o coeficiente alfa de


This report focuses on policies, programs, and benefits of interest to veterans. Included are discussions of issues before the 105th Congress, and the current status of major legislation.


Objective
Based on the nature, location and size of parotid tumor, different incisions were chosen and method of selecting the best cosmetic incision for parotid gland tumor operation would be discussed.

Methods
33 cases of parotid benign tumor patients that received by Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University during 2015-2017 were included in this study. According to the size of the tumor location, different incisions, mainly pretragal vertical, pretragal crutch and rhytidectomy incision were selected. The facial nerve and the great auricular nerve were protected during the operation. In 1-month and 3-month follow-up, clinical examination of temporary facial paralysis, salivary fistula, especially the cosmetic outcome after the surgery were evaluated.

Results
The satisfaction rate of parotid cosmetic incision was significantly higher than that of the traditional group, the incidence of transient facial paralysis, salivary fistula was not statistically significant compared with the traditional incision.

Conclusions
According to the location of parotid tumor, we should choose the proper cosmetic incision approach, which is better than the traditional surgical incision.

Key words:
Parotidectomy; Benign tumor; Cosmetic incision


In an oral health instruction program it is very important to elevate the plaque removal effect by adequate guidance of toothbrushing. The toothbrushing of an individual is accompanied by manners and customs which are reflected in the brushing force, and the number of brushing strokes is related with the plaque removal effect. Guidance in toothbrushing is reasonably expected in order to improve the plaque removing effect.Thirteen women 18-20 years of age who had never been instructed as to adequate toothbrushing were trained with the rolling method. Day to day observations were made of the influences of the brushing force, the number of brushing strokes, and the plaque removal effect in these women with the following results:After instruc tion brushing force was increased, while the number of brushing strokes showed a sudden temporary increase and more decrease than the pre-instruction stage, followed by a gradual increase.Immediately after instruction, individual differences among the trainees in the brushing force and the number of brushing strokes were slight, because of little familiarity with the training.This indicated that instruction in a certain brushing method might level off individual technical differences. Several days after instruction individual differences grew larger. This resulted from individuals' degree of adaptation to guidance leading to the establishment of their own habits.The above changes observed in the brushing force and the number of brushing strokes after instruction tended to be similar in all sites of brushing. In other words, the merit of instruction was reflected in all sites with a resultant increase of plaque removel effect.Throughout the pre- and post-instruction period it was found that the examinees with a 100% plaque removal effect had an inverse proportional relationship between brushing force and the number of brushing strokes, that the labial surfaces of the upper and lower frontal teeth showed high plaque removal effect, and that the lingual surfaces of the right upper and lower molars showed low effect. This finding indicated that the fundamental principles of toothbrushing could not be changed so long as a manual toothbrush was employed. In carrying out a toothbrushing training program it is important to take into consideration individual trainees' manners and habits in brushing.


Bimodality is a common feature of globular cluster (GC) color distributions in galaxies. Although it is well known that the GC system of the Milky Way is bimodal in metallicity, this has yet to be directly demonstrated for an elliptical galaxy. We use Lick index measurements from the literature to derive metallicities for 47 GCs in the giant Virgo elliptical galaxy NGC 4472. The resulting distribution shows clear evidence for two metallicity subpopulations of GCs.


There has been an emphasis in recent years on understanding how value is created within the firm. To understand what drives value, managers must have in place performance measurement systems designed to capture information on all aspects of the business, not just the financial results. Many firms are implementing a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) performance measurement system that tracks measures across four hierarchical perspectives: learning and growth, internal business processes, customer, and financial perspectives. Although BSCs should ideally be tailored to each firm's unique strategy, evidence shows that managers tend to rely on generic measures, particularly as measures of the outcome of each perspective. We use cross‐sectional data on seven archival measures from 125 firms over a five‐year period to proxy for typical outcome measures of the four BSC perspectives. We find that a model that allows each outcome measure to be associated with outcome measures in all higherlevel BSC perspectives captures th...


The paper considers the Hilbert space ˆ H r of real functions summable with the square L 2 ( a, b ) r on any interval { ( a, b ) r } ∞ r =1 ∈ R . It is shown on the basis of the theorem on zeros of real orthogonal polynomials if in ˆ H r there exists a complete orthonormal basis { f ( x ) k } ∞ k =1 and the function f ( x ) ∈ { f ( x ) k } ∞ k =1 has zeros, then these zeros are simple and real. The generalized Hardy function Z ( σ, t ) = (cid:60) ζ ( σ + it ) e iθ ( t ) is considered. It is shown that in the Hilbert space ˆ H r there exists a complete basis { Z ( λ k , t } ∞ k =1 where λ k ∈ Q and Z ( t ) ∈ { Z ( λ k , t } ∞ k =1 when λ k = 1 / 2 , hence the Hardy function Z ( t ) = ζ (1 / 2 + it ) e iθ ( t ) has all simple and real zeros.


Numerical simulation is an economic and fast selection to investigate the resin film infusion process.In this paper,the flow behavior and cure process of resin of this technique in complex shape performs were analyzed,and a flow simulation code was compiled on control volume/finite element and pure finite element,respectively.Cure code was developed also.A simulation of an example showed that this code can be used to forecast the filling time,flow front,pressure and temperature distributing,cure degree and the viscosity of resin at any time of resin film infusion,which would help to optimize the process parameters,control residual stress and improve products quality.


The masses and residues of the triply heavy spin-3/2 baryons are calculated in framework of the QCD sum rule approach. The obtained results are compared with the existing theoretical predictions in the literature.


The present paper reports on an attempt to annotate noun phrases in Hungarian using cascaded regular grammars. Hungarian presents several difficulties to shallow parsing such as discourse oriented constituent order as well as left-branching recursive possessive and participle structure inside noun phrases. The approach uses cascaded regular grammars and was developed with the CLaRK system. The NP grammar was tested on a morphologically tagged and disambiguated corpus of 928 sentences representing a sample of highly sophisticated written style of journalism. The results are encouraging even on this challenging text type.


Fluid therapy can be a pivotal component of the treatment plan for calves with diarrhea, respiratory disease or any other health problem that results in reduced fluid intake or accelerated loss from the body. Daily fluid requirements in health and disease are described. Routes of fluid administration, components of fluid loss and the types of fluid available to resuscitate and rehydrate calves are discussed and applied.


Quantification of proteinuria by the collection of 24 hour urine sample is inconvenient and often unreliable due to the difficulty in accurately collecting a complete 24 hour sample in children. These problems suggest need for a more convenient and accurate method of urine protein estimation particularly in the outpatient setting(1). UP/UC ratio is a semiquantitative method for the estimation of proteinuria with only a few studies conducted in children(1,2). This study was done to evaluate the UP/UC ratio as a rapid and reliable test for the estimation of various ranges of proteinuria.


Based on the organizational strategy,the balanced scorecard(BSC) is a kind of customized performance measurement system.Put forward by Robert Kaplan and David Norton in 1990,it has been using at several healthcare organizations and led to a great deal of innovation in organizing and management.This paper aims to introduce the composition,characteristics and successful cases of BSC,and analyze the feasibility of adopting this method in domestic healthcare organizations.


Anaerobic digestion is a multi-step process for conversion of organics wastesto methane (CH4), for energy and biofuels production. The range of application is expanding, as well as the covered studies. The variety of equipment and methods used for access the biomethane potential in batch assays makes their comparison very difficult. This work aims to evaluate the influence of some parameters, like the type of inoculum (suspended sludge, granular sludge and manure), the pre-consumption of the residual substrate and the volume of the headspace in the blank assay (no addition of substrate), in determination of biochemical methane potential (BMP) and anaerobic biodegradability (B0) of wastes.The blank assays used to discount the CH4 produced are crucial to a correct determination ofBMP and B0. Moreover, higher amounts of CH4 produced insmaller volumes of headspaces could minimize errorspropagation. The degassing process appears to be unnecessary for the suspended and granular sludge.


Rtg1p is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for basal and regulated expression of CIT2, the gene encoding a peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase. In respiratory incompetent ° petite cells, CIT2 transcription is elevated as much as 30-fold compared with respiratory competent cells. Here we provide evidence that Rtg1p interacts directly with a CIT2 upstream activation site (UAS) and that the °/ regulation is not due to a change in the levels of Rtg1p. A fusion protein consisting of the DNA binding domain of Gal4p fused to the NH2 terminus of the full-length wild-type Rtg1p was able to transactivate an integrated LacZ reporter under control of the Gal4p-responsive GAL1 UAS in a °/ -dependent manner. Other Gal4p fusions to deletions or mutations of Rtg1p indicate that the helix-loop-helix domain is essential for transactivation. Regulated expression of CIT2 also requires the RTG2 gene product. The Gal4-Rtg1p fusion was unable to transactivate the LacZ reporter gene in a strain deleted for RTG2, suggesting that the RTG2 product does not act independently of Rtg1p in the °/ transcriptional response.


Open government data (OGD) is believed to enhance democratic outcomes by empowering citizens with the information necessary to participate in meaningful ways. Nonetheless, questions remain about whether OGD is indeed empowering citizens to participate or if the data that governments publish is more reflective of the interests of non-citizen stakeholders. Using the metadata of 2607 publicly available datasets scraped from New York City's open data portal, this exploratory study uses qualitative content analysis to identify what types of data are published and what the data say about OGD's potential as a tool for advancing inclusion in democratic processes. The analysis focused particularly on the datasets' relevance to five particular stakeholder groups: citizens, private sector firms, nonprofits, researchers, and the city's internal agencies. Findings showed that non-citizen-relevant datasets not only outnumbered citizen-relevant datasets by a large margin but they were also viewed and downloaded at higher rates too. The implications of this for inclusion in democratic processes are discussed, including power imbalances among OGD user groups, the discretionary power data publishers possess, and, ultimately, whether the types of data cities publish is sufficient for empowering an informed citizenry, as an effective democracy demands.


The problem of poverty in Indonesia is the manifestation of society empowerment in accessing state development outcomes. Meanwhile, the result of development done by the government are only enjoyed by a handful of people because the resource is not equitably distributed. Therefore, the role of zakat is needed to give direct fund to redistribute the weatlh, so that human development can be realized. This research aimed to give the empirical result whether zakat has influence on human development in Indonesia. This research used Human Development Index (HDI) indicator as analysis tool, such as life expectancy, mean year school, and income. Hypotheses testing conducted in 15 years (2004-2018). Data collection is done by the documentation method. From the regression analysis of Ordinary Least Square (OLS), it is found that zakat can increase human access to health care, education, and can raise revenues. This study provided implication for governments, zakat institutions, and Muslim communities who are obligated to pay zakat, in order to synergize the optimization of zakat funds in Indonesia.


We consider one source of decoherence for a single trapped ion due to intensity and phase fluctuations in the exciting laser pulses. For simplicity we assume that the stochastic processes involved are white noise processes, which enables us to give a simple master equation description of this source of decoherence. This master equation is averaged over the noise, and is sufficient to describe the results of experiments that probe the oscillations in the electronic populations as energy is exchanged between the internal and electronic motion. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent experiments and predict that the decoherence rate will depend on vibrational quantum number in different ways depending on which vibrational excitation sideband is used.


Single phase gallium nitride (GaN) powders were produced by ammoniating reactions using Ga2O3 powders as raw material.The effect of reaction temperature and time on the properties of as-synthesized GaN between 900 ℃ and 1050 ℃ was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurement,respectively.The results show that the hexagonal wurtzite GaN powders appear above 920 ℃.The samples fabricated at 1000 ℃ have quite well crystallization,and the samples ammoniated for 1.5 h at this temperature have quite well luminescent properties.Besides,the sheet-like and columnar grains suggest that the growth of GaN crystals are attributed to the V-S mechanism at first stage,and with the ammoniating time prolonged,it is transformed to a decomposition-re-crystallization process,which make the GaN powders thinner.The effect are significant with further increasing of reaction temperature and time.


The process analysis and optimization of process equipment for a typical structure of plate type parts on a certain aircraft are discussed. To meet the demand for improving production efficiency,product quality and reducing processing cost to improve process program,the original processing methods are changed which including multiple sets of tooling and surface location to craft boss positioning process so as to reduce processing difficulty and the number of tools used for insurance of product quality. The overall specific implementation process for optimization of process equipment is described to summarize and refine instructional technology materials.


Furthermore, in spite of its potential and importance in terms of its working force and its contribution to the gross domestic product, of the estimated private sector investment amounting to about £816 million, during the 1970-1974 plan period, only £123 million or 15 per cent was estimated investment expenditure by the rural sector (3). And of the £780 million planned public investment, only about £140 million or 18 per cent was for direct or indirect investment in the rural areas, as the following table shows :


Literacy development in a second language (L2) is a key goal of college foreign language study; language programs aspire to graduate students with strong L2 reading ability. Research has shown a strong correlation between L2 vocabulary knowledge and L2 reading proficiency; however, much of this research has focused on English as a second language. Research among other language learning populations is needed to offer empirically grounded suggestions on how best to achieve high levels of L2 literacy. This article presents data on the reading proficiency and vocabulary knowledge of 48 native American-English-speaking college-level learners of Russian in order to determine whether there are identifiable lexical thresholds associated with moving from one level of reading proficiency to the next. Participants completed the ACTFL Reading Proficiency Test rated according to the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines 2012—Reading and the Russian Vocabulary Levels Test, which measured knowledge of the 5,000 most frequent words in Russian. Results showed that there are statistically significant lexical minimums associated with different levels of reading proficiency. These findings suggest the utility of similarly designed studies for other languages and are discussed in terms of implications for the role of developing vocabulary knowledge in an undergraduate curriculum.


Abstract Although an extensive body of literature shows the importance of managing and measuring corporate reputation (CR), empirical studies investigating how stakeholder evaluations of reputation are influenced by the external business environment in which they operate has received scant attention. This study explores the extent to which country and industry drivers influence the assessment of CR. We use a mixed-methods design to investigate the perceptions of industrial buyers in the South African steel industry. Comparisons of our findings with normative measures of CR suggest that whilst some dimensions of standardized measures of CR are universal across contexts, others such as innovation may not be as relevant. Findings show that industrial buyers consider a number of country and industry drivers that are not included in standardized CR measures when evaluating CR. These results underscore the need for those who manage and measure CR to investigate how the countries and industries in which they operate influence their stakeholders' evaluations of CR.


When rat thymocytes were cultured with concanavalin A (con A), addition of trypsin increased the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) several fold over that observed with mitogen alone. The potentiating effect of trypsin was greatest with suboptimal concentrations of mitogen, less with optimal, and least with superoptimal concentrations. Trypsin also increased blastogenesis and stimulated [3H]-leucine incorporation into thymocyte proteins. Thymocytes cultured with trypsin in the absence of mitogen sometimes showed increased 3H-TdR incorporation but the increase was usually small and not consistent. The potentiating action of trypsin is due to its proteolytic activity since it was completely blocked by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Elastase, α-chymotrypsin, and subtilisin also potentiated the action of con A, while papain, collagenase, thrombin, and plasmin had either very little or no effect. Trypsin potentiated 3H-TdR incorporation into thymocytes cultured in serum-free or serum-supplemented media, but its effects were usually greater in media supplemented with 5% autologous serum. Although heating serum at 56° for 0.5 or 2 h markedly reduced stimulation by con A, the effects of trypsin were relatively greater in media supplemented with heated serum. The possible physiological significance of the results was discussed with respect to protease secretion by macrophages and lymphocyte—macrophage interactions.


Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are characterized as an infrastructure-less communication networks formed among a set of stranger nodes. Service Discovery is a challenging problem in such networks due to their non-deterministic and improvised nature. This manuscript addresses two main issues related to service discovery in MANET i.e. consistency management and knowledge representation. Consistency management i.e. the problem of maintaining a coherent view of the services in the network is a taxing job due to the sharp variations in the service availability information in MANET. Similarly, the lack of a standard mechanism for representation of data and resources on the network engenders syntactic and semantic interoperability issues during discovery of services. The use of a colossal schema to describe the services can resolve the issue of noninteroperability, but this approach is certainly not viable because of the limited capabilities of nodes. In view of these challenges, this paper presents a robust and scalable network layer semantic service discovery scheme. A network layer service discovery scheme is presented that finds out the requested service jointly with the corresponding route to the provider of service. For ensuring the robustness of the process, a network layer consistency management scheme is also proposed that maintains the valid state of the services by exploiting the vigilance of network layer. To solve the knowledge representation issue, we recommend a scalable multi-tiered approach based on a general purpose ontology called Software Ontology for Ad hoc and Vehicular Network Applications (SLAVE). The multi-tiered approach keeps a portion of global schema at individual nodes of the network and advocates progressive growth of schema information. The proposed scheme has been simulated in JIST/SWANS simulator. The simulation results assert the robustness and scalability of the consistency manager and knowledge representation scheme respectively.


A system for measuring the velocity of a flowing liquid is presented using three interdigital transducers, one of which is used for the radiation of the compressional wave into the liquid. The velocity is estimated from the measurement of the output voltage corresponding to the phase difference between two output signals detected at the output transducers, mounted on the same surface opposite to the surface with the input transducer.


Foliar dust is an important indicator of particulate matter(PM) in the near ground atmosphere,it can provide valuable information about the accumulation and characteristic of PM.The study on distribution and pollution characteristics of foliar dust is important for identifying the airborne particle source.With the rapid increase of traffic flow in cities,emission from traffic has become one of the main sources of the air PM pollution,and led to the deterioration of air quality in urban area.However,characteristics of road-based particle emissions and their effects on PM pollution have not been well studied.Sophora japonica is the main species of roadside trees of the urban area of Beijing and also serves as a good indicator species for mornitoring PM pollution.In this study,we collect 105 samples of foliar dust on Sophora japonica,which contains 91 samples along different types of road and 14 samples in parks and gardens as background.Foliar dust is obtained by elution and filtration,and the dust retention is classified according to road type and analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA).The total concentrations of main heavy metals Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr in foliar dust are determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry(ICP-OES).The possible pollution sources of these metals are identified by Pearson correlation and Principal component analysis(PCA).The result shows that the highest foliar dust retention,mainly affected by the traffic volume,is found on roadside trees of freeways,followed by major arterial,minor arterial and collector road,with a ratio of 100 ∶84 ∶75 ∶75.Foliar dust retention by the roadside trees(0.68 g/m2) is significantly higher(with P=0.054) than that of the garden trees(0.51g/m2).The concentrations of Cu,Zn and Pb in foliar dust of roadside trees are 6 times higher than the soil background values,indicating that traffic emission is a significant source of metal pollution.The concentrations of heavy metals may affected by a number of factors and have a generally uniform spatial distribution on traffic area.The correlation among Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr is significant in traffic areas,which means they are mainly originated from particle emissions from on-road vehicles.Lots of heavy metal pollutants are generated from vent-pipe emission,tyre abrasion,brake wear abrasion,road surface abrasion and resuspension in the wake of passing traffic.More than one source of particulate heavy metals is identified for foliar dust of garden trees and traffic emissions accounts for a large proportion.The major heavy metal pollutant Pb,Cu and Zn are mainly derived from traffic emissions.By comparing the concentrations of Pb,Cu and Zn between garden samples and roadside samples,we find that Pb is most likely to transport,followed by that of Cu and Zn.This study implies that traffic emission has become the major anthropogenic source of PM and heavy metal pollution in the urban area in Beijing,corresponding measures should be adopted for the pollution control.


We examine a sample of 300 publicly listed companies in three European countries (France, Germany and the UK) during the period 2003-2008 to investigate the relations between audit fees and several auditor and company attributes. These include quantitative and qualitative variables. The presence of Big Four and non Big Four firms in charge of the audit of a company's financial statements is also considered. The overall evidence indicates that the presence of the Big Four, clients' specific characteristics in terms of industry, size and complexity of operations have inevitably a significant impact on audit fees. However, the contrasting results we observe in our cross-country analysis lead to the conclusion that the environmental factors specific to each country, such as the size of professional accounting body and audit market as well as the regulations in place in the area of auditing, may play an important role in this type of research.


A political scientist and specialist on Russian electoral and ethnic politics provides an explanation of machine politics in Russia's regions that accounts for the great variation in the power of these machines. The focus is on distinguishing among the economic and ethnic legacies of the Soviet period, the effects of the transition itself, and the impact of provincial leadership. As evidence, the author presents a historicalinterpretive examination of Russia's transition at the level of provincial politics as well as a statistical analysis of factors impacting the strength of regional machine candidates in the 1999 single-member-district Duma elections.


In radiology, cost-effectiveness is usually gauged in terms of minimizing cost to maximize the diagnostic yield of a particular procedure. On Monday, Dr. Giles Boland added a different parameter. Assuming that a busy imaging department has a virtually unlimited supply patients, the Massachusetts General Hospital radiologist found that the department can generate up to an additional $6.2 million by assigning two or three technologists to maximize the productivity of a multislice CT scanner.


The spider Heteropoda venatoria preyed on fly Calliphora vomitoria . This paper reported result of the first study on predation and the predatorial functional response in the lab..The temperature was controlled at 19 23 ℃ and opposite humidity is 80%. The functional response of spiders Heteropoda venatoria on flies Calliphora vomitoria wes the Holling Ⅱtype,which can be described by Holling's disc equation: N a=1 0031 N /(1+0 0626 N ). This result can afford theoretic basis for the spiders to control hygeian pests.


The interface formation and band-lineup between ZnO and epitaxial CuInSe2 substrates is investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy. ZnO films prepared by a metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy process lead to the formation of an intrinsic ZnSe buffer layer. The effect of substrate orientation on the band alignment is studied for the orientations (112) and (001). We found a weak dependence of the interfacial dipole on orientation. Together with our findings for CuInS2 films, we suggest a ubiquitous CuInX2–ZnX–ZnO (X=Se, S) structure with an ultra-thin ZnX buffer layer for ZnO growth on chalcopyrites at elevated temperatures.


For the purpose of time sequential circuit status verification and fault detection,a pre-determined test sequence will be input to stimulate the circuit.Based on the properties of circuit binary tree node and branch,time sequence circuit binary tree can be established and then directly and precisely design the test sequence according to the circuit binary tree's node(status) and branch(input) layer and logical relationship.Corresponding output is the analysis to test whether the circuit shows the expected status,and whether it can achieve the expected status transformation.


Hypothesis Debriefing provides students with the opportunity to reflect on their simulation experience in relation to practice.1,2 Although instructor-led debriefing is considered the gold standard5, this needs further inquiry as results from studies are mixed and inconsistent.3,4,5 Approaches like self-debriefing and peer-debriefing or use of multimedia resources that do not require the presence of a facilitator may be a more cost-effective alternative to video-facilitated instructor debriefing6. Despite widespread support, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of the best simulation-based debriefing method. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of peer-led (PL) debriefing compared with instructor-led (IL) debriefing among nursing students. Such research will inform and support faculty and facilitators in strategies for the promotion of learning through reflection in post-simulation debriefing. Methods This was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design study. A convenience sample of 65 second-year nursing students enrolled in two-week clinical placement rotation in an intensive care unit was randomly assigned to the IL debriefing group (Group A, n = 36) or PL debriefing group (Group B, n = 29). For Group A, after completion of the pretest simulation, an experienced instructor led the debriefing session for participants to reflect on their performances. Printouts from the manikin's SkillReporter7 and the video recording were used to reflect and analyze students' actions. The instructor used a standardized debriefing process8 to lead the discussions about the quality of CPR skills and algorithm. Group B underwent PL debriefing, which included two participants comparing their performance with a structured adult BLS video. After the debriefing sessions, the CPR psychomotor skills of both groups were reassessed to identify any differences between the two groups. Results Descriptive statistics and t tests were calculated to summarize the quantitative data using SPSS version 21.0 program. Group differences at each testing interval were analyzed using independent samples t tests. A significance level of p=.05 was chosen. Mean difference of total penalty score in quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills was significantly lower in IL debriefing group than PL group (t = 3.779, p = < .001), that means IL group performed better than PL group. The mean score of satisfaction with simulation experience in IL group was significantly higher than those of PL group (t = 2.698, p = .009). Overall, mean score of quality of debriefing was significantly higher in IL group compared to PL group (t = 4.068, p < .001). Conclusion IL debriefing is an effective method in improving skills performance, and inducing favorable satisfaction, and quality of debriefing among nursing students. This study reports students' preference for IL debriefing in light of effectiveness, reflective practice, and feedback to participants. Although satisfaction with clinical reasoning and clinical learning was similar in both groups, the quality of subsequent CPR psychomotor skills assessed by raters and data from the simulator, and self-reported satisfaction with simulation and quality of debriefing was higher in the IL group than the PL group. As simulation grows within undergraduate nursing programs, there remains a need to establish the effects of PL debriefing as a possible alternative or addition to the curricula. The impact of the level of student experience, for example final year versus more junior students, needs to be determined if PL debriefing is to be accepted as a viable option within undergraduate nursing education. References 1. Fanning RM, Gaba DM. The role of debriefing in simulation-based learning. Simul Healthc 2007;2 :115–125. 2. Issenberg SB, McGaghie W, Petrusa E, Gordon DL, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulation that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Med Teach 2005;27:10-28. 3. Boet S, Bould MD, Bruppacher HR, Desjardins F, Chandra DB, Naik VN. Looking in the mirror: self-debriefing versus instructor debriefing for simulated crises. Crit Care Med 2011;39 :1377-1381. 4. Boet S, Bould MD, Sharma B, Revees S, Naik VN, Triby E, Grantcharov T. Within-team debriefing versusinstructor-led debriefing for simulation-based education: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2013; 258 :53-58. 5. Chronister C, Brown D. Comparison of simulation debriefing methods. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2012;8:281-288. 6. Levett-Jones T, Lapkin S. A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Simulation Debriefing in Health Professional Education. Nurse Educ Today 2013. In press. 7. Madden C. Undergraduate nursing students' acquisition and retention of CPR knowledge and skills. Nurse Educ Today 2006; 26: 218-227. 8. Rudolph JW, Simon R, Dufresne RL, Raemer DB. There's no such thing as "nonjudgmental" debriefing: a theory and method for debriefing with good judgment. Simul Healthc 2006; 1:49-55. Disclosures None


We present a new 1:25,000-scale geological map of the Middle Aterno Valley basin, the epicenter of the 2009 L'Aquila MW 6.1 earthquake. This earthquake highlighted the incomplete understanding of the geology of the area, in particular the Quaternary continental deposits and active tectonics, which caused the Paganica fault system to be ignored by researchers. The map, utilizing airborne LiDAR analysis and traditional field survey approaches, is the first example in Italy (and one of the few in Europe) that integrates high-resolution topography in active tectonic studies. With unprecedented detail and precision on the spatial distribution of deposits, the map of the geomorphic and tectonic features provides new insight for the reconstruction of the Quaternary basin evolution and estimation of long-term deformation rates for the the Paganica fault system. Detailed fault mapping of Quaternary deposits represents an essential input for seismic hazard assessment and surface faulting hazard evaluation.