Moritz Geiger, Edmund Husserl's pupil, was the fi rst phenomenologist to devote himself to the issues of aesthetics throughout all his life. Growing out of a background in psychological aesthetics, mainly the aesthetics of empathy, he was chiefl y concerned with the study of aesthetic experience. Th e present article pays attention to Geiger's concept of aesthetic enjoyment and especially the position in it of music, while analysing the most important assumptions of Eduard Hanslick's music aesthetics as Geiger implemented them into his own reasoning. Th e paper shows that Geiger's position was mainly rooted in the Kantian formulation of the aesthetic attitude as it was echoed in Hanslick. Both Hanslick and Geiger were helped in their thoughts about the position of music among the arts by the role of perceptual parameters. While Geiger acquired a more diff erentiated position in classifying aesthetic perception over Hanslick's brusque distinction between the right (aesthetic) and inappropriate (pathological) experience of art, in the context of his seemingly puritan formalism he could also appreciate Hanslick's cautious claim about the ideas conveyed by music because his position later shifted toward positing the existential signifi cance of art. 63 Geiger was very well acquainted with theories of empathy, he even presented an elaborated paper on approaches to empathy at the 4th Congress of Experimental Psychology. In fact, similar values, namely depth and vital intensity, were emphasised by empathy aestheticians.


In this paper we analyze, from a different point of view, some values and power indices well defined in the social context where the goods are public. In particular we consider the Public Good index (Holler, 1982), the Public Good value (Holler and Li, 1995), the Public Help index (Bertini, Gambarelli and Stach, 2008), the Konig and Brauninger index (1998) called also Zipke index (Nevison, Zicht and Schoepke, 1978), and the Rae index (1969). The aims of this paper are: to propose an extension of the Public Help index to cooperative games; to introduce a new power index with its extension to a game value and to provide some characterizations of the new index and values.


The weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii, explores its environment by generating pulsed electric fields and detecting small perturbations in the fields resulting from nearby objects. Accordingly, the fish detects and discriminates objects on the basis of a sequence of electric "images" whose temporal and spatial properties depend on the timing of the fish's electric organ discharge and its body position relative to objects in its environment. We are interested in investigating how these fish utilize timing and body-position during exploration to aid in object discrimination. We have developed a finite-element simulation of the fish's self-generated electric fields so as to reconstruct the electrosensory consequences of body position and electric organ discharge timing in the fish. This paper describes this finite-element simulation system and presents preliminary electric field measurements which are being used to tune the simulation.


Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation, centering ratio, debris and smear layer score after using 3 rotary Ni-Ti systems, Revo-S (RS; Micro-Mega, Besancon Cedex, France) and ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and M-Pro system( Guangdong, China, Mainland). Material and methods: Thirty nine mesiobuccal root canals of extracted lower first molars with 20˚ to 45˚ angle of curvature and were divided randomly into 3 groups of 13 samples each: group RS, group M-Pro and group PTN. Root canal transportation and centering ratio were evaluated at 3, 6 and 9 mm from apex using i-CAT CBCT (Hatfield, pennsylvania ,USA) before and after preparation.Thirteen Roots from each group were split longitudinally using diamond disc, by making a groove on buccal and lingual side of root without reaching the lumen of the canal.The root halves were examined under Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) by magnification x 1000 and x 4000 for debris and smear layer respectively The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in canal transportation, canal centering ratio, debris and smear layer score between the three tested groups. Conclusion: From the obtained results and within the limitations of this study, the following could be concluded:M-Pro Nickel Titanium rotary system had a negligible effect on root canal transportation which was similar to the ProTaper Next and Revo-S systems and no system was able to clean the root canal system completely.


This is an exciting time at the nexus of quantum computing and materials research. The materials frontiers described in this report represent a significant advance in electronic materials and our understanding of the interactions between the local material and a manufactured quantum state. Simultaneously, directed efforts to solve materials issues related to quantum computing provide an opportunity to control and probe the fundamental arrangement of matter that will impact all electronic materials. An opportunity exists to extend our understanding of materials functionality from electronic-grade to quantum-grade by achieving a predictive understanding of noise and decoherence in qubits and their origins in materials defects and environmental coupling. Realizing this vision systematically and predictively will be transformative for quantum computing and will represent a qualitative step forward in materials prediction and control.


In this paper,we present Legendre-Galerkin spectral method for the two point boundary problem of the Helmholtz equation.In order to improve the fficiency,we construct appropriate base functions,which can lead to a sparse linear system for the discrete variational formulation.In the end,numerical experiment demonstrates that this method can enhance the efficiency and stability.


Hydroesterification of tert-butyl alcohol with ethanol catalyzed by transition metal triphenylphosphine complexes in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid was investigated using room temperature ionic liquids as the reaction medium at 373–413 K and 3–6 MPa of CO. In comparison with the organic solvents as reaction medium, higher conversion was achieved and ethyl tert-valerate could be directly formed in the ionic liquid medium. The products could be separated from the ionic liquids easily due to their immiscibility in this medium.


Feminist Interpretations of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Edited by Dorothea Olkowsi and Gail Weiss. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006. This edited collection, which is part of the Re-Reading the Canon series edited by Nancy Tuana, seeks to understand Maurice Merleau-Ponty's impact on feminist philosophy, both positive and negative. In exploring and critiquing Merleau-Ponty's work on the relationship between the body and the space it inhabits, the authors cover a wide range of issues, such as race, motherhood, violence, and sexual difference. The authors also examine the work of other philosophers, including Luce Irigaray, Carol Gilligan, and Emmanuel Levinas, as they relate to Merleau-Ponty. Contributors are Jorella Andrews, David Brubaker, Judith Butler, Laura Doyle, Helen A. Fielding, Vicki Kirby, Sonia Kruks, Ann V. Murphy, Johanna Oksala, Dorothea Olkowsi, Beata Stawarska, and Gail Weiss


There is an inherent conflict between the desire to maintain privacy of one's medical records and the need to make those records available during an emergency. To satisfy both objectives, we introduce a flexible architecture for the secure storage of medical records on smart phones. In our system, a person can view her records at any time, and emergency medical personnel can view the records as long as the person is present (even if she is unconscious). Our solution allows for efficient revocation of access rights and is robust against adversaries who can access the phone's storage offline.


In the last article of the series on the senses, Viv Hampshire introduces some fun and flavourful activities to try with your children, so that they can fully explore what their taste buds can do!


With development of intelligent robots and autonomous driving, images/videos with motion blurs occur frequently. However, these images/videos with blurs might be retrieved. Instance search has been studied for many years in the computer vision field. However, few works are focused on instance search on blurred images. In this paper, we propose a framework of instance search on blurred image datasets which is built on three components including query blur mixing, image-wise feature based ranking, and instance-wise feature based re-ranking. Due to lack of the benchmark, we also collect and build a blurred image dataset on which we conduct performance experiments. Experimental results show that our solution is significantly promising in instance search task.


Prior research has investigated earnings management primarily through the use of discretionary accruals. We examine whether, in addition to discretionary accruals, firms further engage in earnings management using transactions with affiliated companies. When a parent company has a dominant relation over affiliated companies, the parent company can structure transactions between itself and affiliates in a way that allows it to achieve income‐reporting objectives beyond the use of discretionary accruals. We address this research issue in Japan because Japanese firms issue both parent and consolidated financial statements. In addition to earnings management techniques that can be used to manage consolidated earnings, parent earnings can also be managed using transactions with affiliates. We find earnings management behavior for both parent and consolidated earnings around three earnings thresholds: avoiding losses, avoiding earnings declines, and avoiding negative forecast errors. Consistent with additional ...


A process for preparing granular bentone includes choosing white bentone, baking or drying in sun, adding sodium carbonate, pulverizing by 100-200 meshes, adding solution of sodium silicate and water, stirring, squeezing, baking and screening. The resultant bentone particles (0.8-4 mm) features high hydroscipicity, strength and caking performance, and high purity.


This research aims to find out the existence of Homo neandertal and Homo sapiens from the perspective of science and the Qur'an. This research is qualitative research with library study methods. Namely the presentation of data by tracing Islamic and scientific manuscripts in the form of books, journals, and so on, combining, analyzing, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study area in the science of Homo neandertal is a human species thought to be the ancestor of ancient Europe. In the Qur'an homo neandertal is Al-basyar which has been mentioned by Allah in surah Al-Baqarah verse 30. Homo Sapien sapiens were modern ancient humans who were the ancestors of the Mongols and Melanesians. In the Qur'an, Homo sapiens sapiens is thought to be the evolution of the previous man to become the caliph on earth as God said in Surah Noah 14, 17, and Surah As-Shaad verse 26.


In April 1861, The Atlantic Monthly stunned readers with the publication of Rebecca Harding Davis's "Life in the Iron-Mills," an industrial-themed tale that propelled Davis into the world of the li...


The importance of coadsorption for applications of porous materials in gas separation has motivated fundamental studies, which have initially focused on the comparison of the binding energies of different gas molecules in the pores (i.e., energetics) and their overall transport. By examining the competitive coadsorption of several small molecules in M-MOF-74 (M = Mg, Co, Ni) with in situ infrared spectroscopy and ab initio simulations, we find that the binding energy at the most favorable (metal) site is not a sufficient indicator for prediction of molecular adsorption and stability in MOFs. Instead, the occupation of the open metal sites is governed by kinetics, whereby the interaction of the guest molecules with the MOF organic linkers controls the reaction barrier for molecular exchange. Specifically, the displacement of CO2 adsorbed at the metal center by other molecules such as H2O, NH3, SO2, NO, NO2, N2, O2, and CH4 is mainly observed for H2O and NH3, even though SO2, NO, and NO2 have higher binding...


This paper presents finite element analysis simulations of a steel sheet for radially laminated permanent excited synchronous machine. The focus is on the path of the eddy currents and the dependence of the eddy current losses on the steel sheet length. Three different models are presented. The first model considers only the stator field, the second model only the field generated by the rotor with surface mounted magnets, and the third model considers stator and rotor field. It is shown that in all models the highest losses occur by the eddy currents in axial direction. Nevertheless, eddy currents in the steel sheet surface occur by certain rotor positions due to the stray fields. The eddy currents are not linearly related to the length of the steel sheet, so that the length cannot be scaled linearly.


Chapter 1 Introduction-"On the Shoulders of Giants": Women Public Intellectuals in America Part 2 I Pre-Civil War America Chapter 3 "Visionary of the New Age" Chapter 4 "First Woman in the Republic" Part 5 II Post-Civil War Era Chapter 6 "Intellectual Architect of American Feminism" Chapter 7 "A Mixed Legacy" Chapter 8 The New Woman Chapter 9 "Citizen of the World Part 10 III The Interwar Years Chapter 11 American Cassandra Chapter 12 An Unsuitable Job for a Woman Part 13 Postwar America Chapter 14 Keeping Memory Alive Chapter 15 A Passionate Friend Part 16 America at the Millenium Chapter 17 A New Mestiza Consciousness Chapter 18 Talking Back Chapter 19 Afterthoughts Chapter 20 Selected Readings Chapter 21 Index


insiders (including the company itself) have captured gains from trading during the fraud period. Only those actions that involve insider trading or the equivalent entail genuine financial harm to the plaintiff class because only those actions involve an extraction of wealth from the public market. If the case does not involve insider extraction of gains, it should be dismissed—no harm, no foul. If the case does involve insider extraction of gains, it should be litigated in the name of the corporation, and the corporation should recover any gain extracted by insiders. Treating a securities fraud action as an action by the corporation (whether it is maintained by the corporation itself or derivatively by a representative stockholder) will make stockholders whole and will avoid the collateral damage to the issuer corporation.


Laboratory measurements are reported that identify a new class of plasma oscillation driven by the inhomogeneity in wave energy density caused by transverse‐velocity shear [Ganguli et al., Phys. Fluids 31, 823 (1988)]. The experiments concentrate on a branch of oscillation in the ion‐cyclotron range of frequencies that results from the coupling of the magnetic‐field‐aligned current and the inhomogeneous dc electric field localized in a layer thicker than the ion gyroradius. The observed transition between the well‐known current‐driven electrostatic ion‐cyclotron mode and this inhomogeneous energy–density‐driven mode is related to the ratio of the azimuthal and axial Doppler shifts. The mode characteristics associated with the two instabilities have significantly different properties. For conditions of large transverse‐velocity shear, turbulence is generated with a broadband, spiky spectrum around the ion‐cyclotron frequency at small values of the magnetic‐field‐aligned current. The experimental identification is reinforced with numerical results from a nonlocal eigenvalue condition.


OBJECTIVE: To survey the utilization of drugs in outpatient prescriptions of our hospital. METHODS: By cross-sectional survey method, outpatient prescriptions of 3rd to 4th day each month were randomly selected from our hospital. Outpatient prescriptions were analyzed in respect of department distribution, category of drugs and route of administration, etc. RESULTS: The number of patients in breast oncology department took up the first place, accounting for 23.41% of the total number of patients, followed by that in radiation oncology department and general internal medicine department, accounting for 14.98% and 11.22%. Most of prescription drugs were antineoplastic drugs accounting for 18.74%, followed by circulation system and digestive system drugs accounting for 9.41% and 9.41%. Of 6 457 cases, 2 076 cases received antimicrobial drugs accounting for 32.16%. Many cases received single kind of antimicrobial drug. Injection was the main route of administration accounting for 73.73%, followed by oral administration accounting for 22.75%. CONCLUSION: The utilization of antineoplastic drugs and antimicrobial drugs in our hospital are reasonable basically. But there still are some problems, which require further improvement of rational use of drugs.


This study answers the question: What are the results of assuming the nature of technological progress as Harrod-neutral in growth accounting for the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries? Accordingly, this study contributes to the debate over whether the sources of economic growth stem from technological progress, capital or human capital accumulation. The study finds evidence that economic growth stems from capital accumulation rather than total factor productivity for the MENA countries, except Israel and Saudi Arabia. The authors concluded that assuming the nature of technological progress as Harrod-neutral in growth accounting for the MENA countries does not have a critical impact on the results.


SYNOPSIS

Ultrastructure of the plasmodium wall and of sporogenesis were studied in Myxosoma funduli Kudo infecting the gills of Fundulus kansae (Garman). Plasmodia were located within the lamellar tissues adjacent to sinuses and capillaries. The plasmodium wall consisted of a single unit membrane which was continuous with numerous pinocytic canals extending into the parasite ectoplasm. The plasmodium membrane was covered by a surface coat of almost uniform thickness which prevented direct parasite-host cell contact. Numerous generative cells and cell aggregates, representing early stages of spore development, were seen in immature plasmodia. Later stages of spore development, including mature spores, were observed in older plasmodia. Sporogenesis was initiated by envelopment of one generative cell, the sporont, by a 2nd, nondividing cell, the envelope cell. The sporont and its progeny proceeded through a series of divisions until there were 10 cells, all compartmentalized within the envelope cell. Subsequently, the 10 cells became structurally differentiated and arranged into two 5-celled spore-producing units, each consisting of 1 binucleate sporoplasm and 2 capsulogenic cells, all surrounded by 2 valvogenic cells. Observations of later developmental stages revealed the major events of capsulogenesis, valvogenesis, and sporoplasm maturation, which occurred concomitantly during spore construction.


A step-index optical waveguide with an antireflection coating is analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method combined with the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition (PML-ABC). It is demonstrated that the numerical simulations having a dynamic range over that for the Mur absorbing boundary condition can be obtained for a single-layer coating. The analysis of a double-layer coating reveals the transient behavior of reflected fields.


Mobile robotic autonomous device, comprising a mobile base, which is capable of moving, using its own motion mechanism and comprising a machine for preparing integrated autonomous coffee automatically serves beverages or liquid comestibles without external influence, except the process request.


Introduction: Oxycodone is a heavily used and abused analgesic agent. Its pharmacological effects, including euphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, and drowsiness, have the potential to adversely affect performance. The postmortem distribution of oxycodone has not been well characterized, particularly at sub-lethal levels. Therefore, an attempt was made to evaluate the distribution of oxycodone in postmortem specimens collected from aviation accidents. Methods: A search of our database identified 4 oxycodone-positive fatalities from separate civil aviation accidents that occurred during a period of 6 years that had numerous biological tissues and fluids available (blood, urine, vitreous humor, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, lung, spleen, heart muscle, and brain). These specimens were extracted using solid-phase extraction and were analyzed for oxycodone by GC/MS. Results: Oxycodone concentration ranges (μg/mL, μg/g) found in the different tissues and fluids were: blood 0.027-0.742, urine 2.20 - 12.5, vitreous humor 0.048 - 0.118, liver 0.103-3.35, lung 0.047-1.35, kidney 0.045- 3.12, spleen 0.115-2.43, muscle 0.017-0.400, brain 0.032-1.36, and heart 0.038-3.19. Conclusion: The blood concentrations found indicate that the oxycodone in these cases ranged from therapeutic to above therapeutic, but all were below lethal levels. Tissue/fluid to blood distribution coefficients were found to have large coefficients of variation (ranging from 26-128%), thereby rendering them unreliable for estimating a blood oxycodone concentration from a tissue value when no blood is available for analysis.


We discuss $d=1, {\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric matrix models and exhibit the associated $d=2$ collective field theory in the limit of dense eigenvalues. From this field theory we construct, by the addition of several new fields, a $d=2$ supersymmetric effective field theory, which reduces to the collective field theory when the new fields are replaced with their vacuum expectation values. This effective theory is Poincare invariant and contains perturbative and non-perturbative information about the associated superstrings.


To investigate the different expression of β-defensin in normal and inflamed mammary epithelial cells of Holstein cows,BNBD5 mRNA expression changes were detected by establishing expression model in mammary epithelial cells of experimental mastitis and using real-time quantitative RT-PCR.The results showed that the expression of IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-α mRNA of inflammatory factor in mammary epithelial cells was notablely raise(P0.01) compared with the contrast group and the expression of α-casein was markedly degrade(P0.01),which illustrated that addition of LPS induced certain inflammatory factors generated from epithelial cells,moreover,and the expression was at high level when mammary epithelial cells were treated by 300 μg/L LPS for 48 hours,and there was significant difference(P0.01) compared with the contrast group.The results confirmed that BNBD5 may participate in the defense mechanism of mastitis by adding LPS.


Issues of the Buyan-Boyets tomato variety yield increase in conditions of the Per-vomaiskiy District of the Altai Region are considered in view of application peat-humic fertilisers "Panatseya" and "Talisman" and chitinous fertiliser "Artemia".


Just-In-Time (JIT) is a lean manufacturing tool, which provides the benefits of efficiency, and of minimizing unnecessary costs for many organisations. However, the risks arising from these benefits have been disregarded. These risks impact on system processes disrupting the whole supply chain. This paper proposes an inventory model that can simultaneously reduce costs and risks in JIT systems. This model is developed to ascertain an optimal ordering strategy for procuring raw materials by using regular multi-external and local backup suppliers to reduce the total cost of the products, and at the same time to reduce the risks arising from this cost reduction within production systems. Some results that will be illustrated in the second part of this paper are presented. Keywords—Lean manufacturing, Just-in-Time (JIT), production system, cost-risk reduction, inventory model, eternal supplier, local backup supplier.


Tourists' decisions on selecting their destinations are driven by their imagination of available offers, rather than by the real offers. The special role of the image of tourism destination in the process of building a competitive position result, among other things, comes from the fact the image is a factor of competitiveness influenced by both intentional and accidental actions of entities, whom are active in a particular tourism destination as well as environmental elements, which are beyond the influence of these entities. The cities of the Upper Silesian Conurbation were for many years perceived as completely dominated by heavy industry. Nowadays, after significant changes in their economy and environment, local authorities are struggling to fight that negative perception. The aim of the paper is to examine if the negative image of the Conurbation is grounded by the textbooks for geography for secondary schools in Poland. The textbooks were studied using the content analysis as an example of important autonomous sources of information. Particular stress was put on analysis of the heading and pictures in the chapters on the Conurbation. The results prove that industrial image of the region is being grounded by the geography textbooks. It was discovered that the picture of Upper Silesian Conurbation that might be found in researched textbooks is almost identical with what was previously presented in the literature as tourists' perception of the Conurbation. The results prove the role of the textbooks and the whole school education as factors shaping the image of particular places that people have also as adults. That role was neither researched nor clearly stated in the literature so far.


During the meiotic analysis of gamma ray treated sets, two induced translocation heterozygotes (P-1 and P-8) were cytologically isolated at 200 Gy and 400 Gy doses in Lathyrus sativus L. var. Pusa-24. However, both translocation heterozygotes (P-1 and P-8) exhibited the formation of a ring and chain of multivalents in majority of PMCs at diakinesis and metaphase-I. At anaphase-I, both the translocation heterozygotes displayed various abnormalities as well, although some PMCs showed normal 7 : 7 separations but the most common and frequent separation to be encountered in these two variants was 6 : 8 separation. Pollen fertility was found to decline to 41.32% in P-1 and 39.46% in P-8 against 98.92% in the control sets.


Accompanying the rising ethnic diversity of Western countries is a burgeoning number of mixed-ethnic unions and people with mixed-ethnic ancestry. These people do not fit neatly into one group or another. This ambiguity is compounded by the fact that their ethnic identity is affected by how they are perceived and labeled by others. Theories have been advanced to explain ethnic identity, and its corollaries for cognition, emotions, and consumer behaviors. However, aside from a handful of ethnographic studies, knowledge about how social identity for mixed-ethnic consumers is formed and shaped, and how it potentially affects consumer dispositions, remains largely uncharted. Using data gathered in three countries (Canada, USA, UK), and considering various ethnic mixture combinations, this paper presents the development and validation of a multidimensional scale for measuring mixed-ethnic identity (MEI) and examines the relationships of the thirteen MEI components to consumer dispositions used to segment domestic and international markets. The consistency of the relationships between the MEI components and the established consumer dispositions are scrutinized. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.


The mortality from and/or incidence of neurological sequelae of childhood acute encephalopathies, including Reye's syndrome, influenza encephalopathy and acute necrotizing encephalopathy, are still high. We have already reported that mild hypothermia therapy facilitates excellent recovery from acute encephalopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) as a nonintensive care technique for severe acute encephalopathy during mild hypothermia therapy. The subjects comprised 12 children with acute encephalopathy: nine boys and three girls. The mean age of the patients was 4.6±4.56 (mean±standard deviation), ranging from 1 year 8 months to 15 years 3 months. The etiologies of acute encephalopathy were thought to be influenza-related in 8 patients, varicella in one, and unknown in the remaining three. They were evaluated and treated at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital during a 7-year period (1993 to 1999) . We used TCD (TC2-64, EME) for bedside monitoring, and evaluated the PI (pulsatility index, Gosling 1974) of the MCA and ACA at three points during therapy (before, during and after hypothermia) . The PI of the MCA and ACA was significantly higher before hypothermia than during and after hypothermia (p<0.01) . There were no significant changes in the PI during and after hypothermia. In the group showing excellent recovery, the PI fell on the day after the start of hypothermia therapy. On the other hand, in the poor outcome group, the PI rose on the day after the start of hypothermia therapy. Thus we were able to decide the timing of the rewarming point using TCD. TCD is useful for bedside monitoring in children with severe acute encephalopathies.


In recent years,excess use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide,random discharge of excrement and urine of livestock and poultry and unreasonable use of crop straw brought serious rural non-point source pollution.Referring the "EKC" theory and based on the development of rural economy,taking rural per capita GDP as the research index to improve the limitation that use the whole per capita GDP index in the related research.The relationship between rural economic development and non-point source pollution of Jiangsu Province from 2001 to 2010 was empirically researched.The results verified the "EKC" hypothesis,namely their relationship displayed as "inverted U".In addition,knee point of the chemical fertilizer and pesticide in "EKC" curve was 2.13 and 1.97,respectively,and the actual per capita GDP in 2010 was closed to it,thereby indicating pollution of chemical fertilizer and pesticide was tending to mild;but knee point of excrement and urine of livestock and poultry in "EKC" curve was 3.44,which far away from the actual per capita GDP,thereby indicating pollution from excrement and urine of livestock and poultry would be serious deterioration with development of rural economy,it became main source of rural non-point pollution.


A critical problem
associated with the southern part of Nigeria is the rapid alteration of the
landscape as a result of logging, agricultural practices, human migration and
expansion, oil exploration, exploitation and production activities. These
processes have had both positive and negative effects on the economic and
socio-political development of the country in general. The negative impacts
have led not only to the degradation of the ecosystem but also posing hazards
to human health and polluting surface and ground water resources. This has
created the need for the development of a rapid, cost effective and efficient
land use/land cover (LULC) classification technique to monitor the biophysical
dynamics in the region. Due to the complex land cover patterns existing in the
study area and the occasionally indistinguishable relationship between land
cover and spectral signals, this paper introduces a combined use of
unsupervised and supervised image classification for detecting land use/land
cover (LULC) classes. With the continuous conflict over the impact of oil
activities in the area, this work provides a procedure for detecting LULC
change, which is an important factor to consider in the design of an
environmental decision-making framework. Results from the use of this technique
on Landsat TM and ETM+ of 1987 and 2002 are discussed. The results reveal the
pros and cons of the two methods and the effects of their overall accuracy on
post-classification change detection.


Management (SCM) is planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling all supply chain activities. Supply Chain Management prioritizes the flow of goods between companies from upstream to downstream (from company to shop) and involves suppliers to customers. This Supply Chain Management will provide capabilities regarding the importance of managing the supply chain in creating an efficient and effective manufacturing system, as well as systematic procedures for managing various activities in order to obtain a transformation so that it becomes a product in process, then becomes a finished product and is forwarded by delivery to consumers through the system distribution. This supply chain management aims to provide sufficient knowledge about SCM and its components, and has the ability to analyze SCM components related to the use of information technology implementation. Supply Chain is the management of various activities in order to obtain raw materials, followed by transformation activities so that they become products in the process, then become finished products and continue with delivery to consumers through the distribution system.


Plant-parasitic nematodes have developed a series of enzymes to degrade the rigid plant cell wall; β-1,4-endoglucanase is a very important component. Ditylenchus destructor is a migratory endoparasite for which few molecular data have been published. Two novel β-1,4-endoglucanases (Dd-eng-1a and Dd-eng-2) were cloned and characterised from D. destructor. The DD-ENG-1A putative protein consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). By contrast, the CBM domain is absent from DD-ENG-2. The exon/intron structure and phylogenetic tree indicate that both cellulase genes could have evolved from common ancestral genes. Southern blotting confirmed that the β-1,4-endoglucanases were of nematode origin and a member of a small multi-gene family. In situ hybridisation localised the expression of Dd-eng-1a and Dd-eng-2 to the subventral pharyngeal glands. RT-PCR showed that both genes were expressed in the adult female and second-stage juvenile. The stylet secretions of D. destructor showed clear cellulase activity in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) plate assay, and similar results were observed in total homogenates and DD-ENG-1A and DD-ENG-2 recombinant proteins. These results demonstrated that D. destructor can produce and secrete functional cellulases. Silencing the putative β-1,4-endoglucanases by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) resulted in an average decrease in infection of 50%. Successful RNAi in vitro was demonstrated in this study, which confirmed that Dd-eng-1a and Dd-eng-2 play important roles in nematode parasitism.


Objective: To systematically evaluate interventions designed to improve the sustainability of surgical practice with respect to their environmental and financial impact. Background: Surgery contributes significantly to emissions attributed to healthcare due to its high resource and energy use. Several interventions across the operative pathway have, therefore, been trialed to minimize this impact. Few comparisons of the environmental and financial effects of these interventions exist. Materials and methods: A search of studies published up to 2nd February 2022 describing interventions to increase surgical sustainability was undertaken. Articles regarding the environmental impact of only anesthetic agents were excluded. Data regarding environmental and financial outcomes were extracted with a quality assessment completed dependent upon the study design. Results: In all, 1162 articles were retrieved, of which 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-five interventions were described, which were categorized into five domains: 'reduce and rationalize', 'reusable equipment and textiles', 'recycling and waste segregation', 'anesthetic alternatives', and 'other'. Eleven of the 21 studies examined reusable devices; those demonstrating a benefit reported 40–66% lower emissions than with single-use alternatives. In studies not showing a lower carbon footprint, the reduction in manufacturing emissions was offset by the high environmental impact of local fossil fuel-based energy required for sterilization. The per use monetary cost of reusable equipment was 47–83% of the single-use equivalent. Conclusions: A narrow repertoire of interventions to improve the environmental sustainability of surgery has been trialed. The majority focuses on reusable equipment. Emissions and cost data are limited, with longitudinal impacts rarely investigated. Real-world appraisals will facilitate implementation, as will an understanding of how sustainability impacts surgical decision-making.


came into being during the late war, and, as Mr. Goodchild records, its institution was due to the energetic initiative of our Director, Professor Mortimer Wheeler, and our Fellow, Mr. J. B. Ward Perkins, both of whom were at the time serving in Tripoli with the Eighth Army. The publications are an impressive record of the researches and preservation works conducted by successive Antiquities Officers of the Department (including Mr. Ward Perkins, the first holder of the appointment, and Mr. Goodchild himself), ably supported by their Italian colleagues of the Sopraintendenza ai Monumenti e Scavi della Libia. The first publication is an attempt to reconstruct the Roman road-system of Tripoli tania, on the basis of a study of the distribution of milestones. Its results are recorded on a large-scale map, which provides a permanent framework into which future studies can easily be fitted. The second publication, as well as giving an interesting account of the organization and work of the Antiquities Department during the period 1943—8, contains reports on works of excavation, preservation, and restoration, carried out on various sites, including Sabratha and Lepcis Magna, a study of the use of local building materials by the Romans, and notes on newly discovered epigraphic records bearing on the life of the Tripolitanian communities. These various papers give a foretaste of the immense archaeological riches of Tripolitania and form a fitting prelude to the brilliant discoveries since made by Mr. Ward Perkins and Mr. Goodchild in their explorations at Lepcis and Sabratha and by their preliminary investigation of the Limes Tripolitanus. A warm tribute of praise is due to all the officers, both British and Italian, of the Department of Antiquities of the British Administration, and not least to Mr. Goodchild himself. V. E. NASH-WILLIAMS.


Abstract Combinations of red and near infrared reflectance and radiance measurements commonly called vegetation indices (VI) have been successfully correlated with certain vegetation canopy characteristics. However, little is known about the dependence of these indices on viewing geometry. In this paper reflectance data acquired under laboratory conditions at various viewing geometries are used to evaluate the variability of five vegetation indices as a function of the changing viewing combinations. The results indicate that ratioed indices are less affected by viewing geometry changes than non-ratioed indices, but it has yet to be determined which of the indices are most successful at estimating vegetation canopy characteristics and least affected by changing viewing geometry. The results have implications for the use of vegetation indices with airborne scanner and pointable sensor data.


The aim of this paper is to present a new computer aided design technique for the design of sewers networks or rehabilitation and extensions of existing systems. The software that embodies this new technique is entitled SewerGUI. The paper will also compare different design techniques for sewer network using a case study from Almanshiya area of Khartoum city, Sudan. The design methods investigated and compared are namely; SewerCAD V8 (version 2014), SewerGUI, and manual spread sheet calculation. SewerCAD was upgraded and is currently marketed by Bentley, USA. SewerGUI was developed by the first of this paper. The Microsoft Excel was the spread sheet used in the manual calculations. The collected wastewater is pre-settled in septic tanks and free from large objects, this condition encourages the use of low self-cleaning velocity of 0.4 m/s. The comparison resulted in an estimate of the total cost of the project to be the highest of approximately 15,647,000 SDG when using the design by SewerCAD, the manual calculations yielded an estimated cost of 14,924,000 SDG, and as expected SewerGUI resulted in the minimum cost of 14,097,000 SDG, i.e. over 10% saving with respect to an automated design by SewerCAD.


Mine hoist is the key equipment in the production process of coal mine,its performance directly influences the efficiency and safety of mine production.At present,hoist mainly adopts the traditional control mode of the AC motor rotor,cutting resistance,which is high cost,low reliability program.Therefore,this research uses the programmable control technology(PLC),AC variable frequency speed control technology,aimed at the realization of elevator's safety,reliable speed control.The test results show that using the PLC control inverter output signal,the hoisting machine can run at a given speed and position,so as to reduce accidents,prolong the service life of electrical equipment.It has certain practicability and economy.


This study pursued to obtain 3 consecutive purposes. First, a conceptual model for comparing 3 constructivist teaching and learning strategies( problem-based learning[PbBL], case-based learning[CBL] and project-based learning[PjBL]) was developed. Relationships of these constructivist strategies with the development of expertise for learners were discussed. Second, specific differences between PbBL, CBL and PjBL as applied in architectural design courses were analyzed under each of the teaching and learning category. Some analytical indexes were developed by content analysis, which are applicable effectively to reveal the differences. Based on the previous findings, third, a set of strategic guidelines for use in class were made and suggested in order to develop and improve expertise in architectural design. These guidelines were largely targeted for university design courses as well as education or reeducation of practicing architects. Expecially, combined application of PbBL, CBL and PjBL was hypothesized and suggested as class management guidelines. In sum, a variety of PbBL problems, CBL cases and PjBL projects should be developed for expecting audience based on design subjects and tasks. As working domains of practicing architects, exploring/analyzing, understanding/making applications, and criticizing/self-reflecting should be considered in the development process.


To solve the mismatching between candidate model and reference model caused by state changing of the tracked target, a novel model updated method based on object prior knowledge was proposed in Mean Shift framework. The algorithm was implemented by using an auxiliary model constructed on color statistical knowledge of the tracked object under different states. This auxiliary model instructed the update of different color characters. Therefore, a reference model with tracked object prior information was formed. In such way, the time selection problem of model update was also solved by the proposed method. Experiment results under complex scenes show that the novel algorithm overcomes the mismatching of models caused by head rotation effectively and is able to realize continuous head tracking. In addition, the adaptive ability of Mean Shift algorithm is greatly improved.


Homology and K-theory methods for classes of branes wrapping nontrivial cycles A A Bytsenko C*-Algebras and their Applications to Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory: Proceedings of the International School of Physics 'Enrico Fermi', Course LX, Varenna, Italy, 23 July–4 August 1973 G Barton Brane charges and Chern--Simons invariants of hyperbolic spaces Andrei A Bytsenko and Emilio Elizalde On extensions connected with group C*-algebras


We consider the propagation of intense femtosecond pulses in a dielectric medium with an induced plasma. This plasma is excited by the strong electric field of the pulses, stimulating sequential electron transition to the conductivity band through excited discrete energy states. It is demonstrated that this simple dynamic model of ultrashort optical pulse propagation in a dielectric medium with self-induced plasma can be applied to experiments on the superbroadening of the pulse spectrum into the long-wavelength range, including terahertz generation, as well as the generation of high-order harmonics.


The mixed-valent indium chalcogenides InTe, In4Se3, In4Te3, In6S7 and In6Se7 were studied together with b-InS3 and TlInS2 by In and Te K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. These well-characterized crystalline solids were chosen as model systems to assess the general applicability of EXAFS for structural studies of first order mixed-valent solids containing indium. The question was whether the interatomic distances and coordination numbers derived from EXAFS data could be used for a basic structural characterization in the sense of "structural fingerprints" to identify the indium species present in a given sample. Indium species in the samples comprised In+, In3+, (In2)4+ and (In3)5+, with up to 3 of them being simultaneously present. While the analysis of compounds with only one indium species was possible with high accuracy, it was impossible to interpret the EXAFS data of complex mixed-valent solids containing three different indium species (e.g. In+, In3+, (In2)4+) without prior knowledge of the crystal structures. Intermediate cases are those compounds in which two indium species are present, e.g. In3+ in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination or In+ in a highly regular coordination accompanied by In3+. In conclusion, EXAFS measurements alone can be a reliable basis for structural discussions beyond the first coordination sphere only for compounds of moderate complexity. In most cases prior information of structural data from single crystals or other sources is necessary. This is particularly relevant for future experiments with amorphous or poly-crystalline samples that cannot be studied with standard diffraction techniques.


ABSTRACT One of the valuable interventions in controlling chronic kidney disease is the dietary management. The study was designed to test effect of Persea Americana on adenine induced kidney injury. Four groups of mice were used: control group; adenine group: received adenine (0.2% w/w) daily with normal chow for 4 weeks; diet I group: received adenine then avocado [50% w/w in food] for 2 weeks; diet II group: received adenine then avocado [100% w/w] for 2 weeks. Serum levels of creatinine and potassium were measured in addition to oxidative stress biomarkers. Renal tissue injury and collagen deposition were scored. Renal expression of TGF-β1, CCL3L1 and IL-2 were assigned. Results showed significant decrease (p < 0.01) in serum creatinine level in diet I group. Serum potassium was elevated (p < 0.01) in diet I and II groups. Level of MDA was decreased (p < 0.01) while reduced glutathione and catalase were elevated (p < 0.05) by diet I and to a lesser extent by diet II. Both diet I and II markedly reduced fibrosis and tubular injury. Levels of TGF-β1 and CCL3L1 were decreased in both tested groups (p < 0.001) while IL-2 was increased. Enriching diet with Persea Americana fruit can attenuate renal fibrosis progression through anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.


"Tactical EMS" (TEMS) is a term referring to nonmilitary emergency medical services (EMS) that have been modified for the realities of the tactical environment and is emerging as a new subspecialty with nationwide application in prehospital care. 1 It can be defined as the spectrum of services necessary to establish and maintain the health, welfare, and safety of special operations law enforcement providers, and refers to "tactical emergency medical support," rather than "tactical emergency medical services," recognizing the broad spectrum of health services beyond acute care. The goal of TEMS is to help the tactical team accomplish its mission. This is achieved by keeping the team members healthy before, during, and after operations by providing preventive, urgent, emergent medical, and, in some cases, dental services. Few prehospital providers and fewer medical directors are knowledgeable of the unique attributes and skills necessary to safely and effectively function in this potentially hostile and functionally austere environment. The objective of this paper is to discuss the roles and responsibilities of TEMS providers.


Abstract : With the current defense spending cuts in the Department of Defense it is becoming increasingly important to get the most productivity out of all remaining personnel. Most United States Air Force installations are maintained by crews of military and civil service civilian skilled craftsmen. These craftsmen perform work ranging from maintenance to minor construction and serve a vital role in keeping the Air Force running. The motivation of these workers is a key ingredient to make them as productive as possible. This thesis attempts to find out from the workers what factors affect their motivation and offer some recommendations to managers. Data was collected through 23 in depth field interviews with skilled craftsmen at three different Air Force Bases. Interview results were analyzed for trends and conclusions and recommendations were related to the literature review on motivation theories.


Our understanding of sheet metal forming processes and materials is well matured, yet the level of industrial implementation lags behind current capabilities. There is a need for academics to develop pragmatic solutions that are accessible to industrial partners while embedding the process knowledge in new adaptive machine control systems.


In the framework of the Papillon project, there are acceptions that are not lexicalized in a given language. They correspond at best to some hypernyms. Moreover, in order to easily supervise a translation process, we would like to be able to name meanings instead of referring to definitions by numbers. Dictionaries define words using a "genus + differentia" approach and can be exploited for new compound extraction. This approach is relates for various research efforts in sense naming. The conceptual vector model (CVM) aim to represent meanings in a non lexical way and vectors are calculated through the analyses of multiple dictionary resources. The following article describes how our work on sense naming can be easily applied to the Papillon project and could offer simultaneously a lexical augmentation approach, a disambiguation checking process and a new lexical resource. Using this information, an automatic process helps building a mixed lexical and acception network.


Simple Summary The rate of total tumor engraftment of patient-derived xenografts is 50% in cervical cancer. These cancers retain their histopathological characteristics. The gene mutations and expression patterns associated with carcinogenesis and infiltration and the expression levels of genes in extracellular vesicles released from the tumors are similar between patient-derived xenograft models and primary tumors. Patient-derived xenograft models of cervical cancer could be potentially useful tools for translational research. Abstract Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful tools for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, and personalized medicine strategies, and can be developed by the heterotopic or orthotopic grafting of surgically resected tumors into immunodeficient mice. We report the PDX models of cervical cancer and demonstrate the similarities among original and different generations of PDX tumors. Fresh tumor tissues collected from 22 patients with primary cervical cancer were engrafted subcutaneously into NOD.CB17-PrkdcSCID/J mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to compare primary and different generations of PDX tumors. DNA and RNA sequencing were performed to verify the similarity between the genetic profiles of primary and PDX tumors. Total RNA in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from primary and PDX tumors was also quantified to evaluate gene expression. The total tumor engraftment rate was 50%. Histologically, no major differences were observed between the original and PDX tumors. Most of the gene mutations and expression patterns related to carcinogenesis and infiltration were similar between the primary tumor and xenograft. Most genes associated with carcinogenesis and infiltration showed similar expression levels in the primary tumor and xenograft EVs. Therefore, compared with primary tumors, PDX models could be potentially more useful for translational research.


modern science. Broadly defined as a shift from internal virtues to external practice, this process affected both science and religion to the same degree, but also shaped them in a dialectical relationship that would ultimately set them apart. However, the emergent new wave of scepticism would affect both areas equally. For instance, the age of discovery and exploration threw religious dogma into disrepute, but also undermined long-standing scientific authorities such as Ptolemy or Aristotle. The defining factor would ultimately come from the practical implications of the new science, as Harrison shows in chapter 5, and from its usefulness much later, during the industrial revolution, as witnessed by the emergence of the term 'progress', another concept closely associated with our modern understanding of 'science'. Finally, in chapter 6 Harrison examines how the plurality of new experimental methods and knowledges were eventually unified during the nineteenth century, for academic, industrial, and professional reasons. Originally conceived and written as a series of lectures aimed at a nonspecialist audience, this wonderful book provides a succinct, highly engaging overview of a growing field of historical research. This book, ultimately, is also a fine example of modern integrated historical research for anyone interested in the history of science, or in early modern European thought. Perhaps this richly textured map — stimulating and clear for both the layperson and the specialist — will be most welcome in these days in which we are advancing towards a better, more nuanced, more culturally aware understanding about the place of faith in contemporary society, and about the ethical and moral challenges of science for better, fuller, more balanced living. carles Gutiérrez-sanfeliu, The University of Queensland


This research work highlights the promotional strategies and the consumption pattern of Aluminium manufacturing firms, a study of Asaba Aluminium Company Ltd, Asaba Delta State. It examined the relationship between the promotional strategies and the sales of the products of the company. It also focused attention on customer patronage of the products in line with the cost of these products. Primary information for the study was obtained through questionnaire and personal interview. This was supplemented with secondary information gathered from journals and textbooks from prominent scholars. A total of  one hundred and forty seven (147) respondents, comprising staff and customer of the company were sampled and data gathered from them were analyzed with Liket five point scale and presented in tables. Results shows that the promotional strategies  used by Asaba  Aluminium Company has relationship with customers consumption pattern. The study concluded that promotional strategies should be seen as a veritable tool for achieving organizations' corporate marketing objectives. It was recommended amongst others that the company should establish product research and development department for improving already developing existing products and development of new once and also the use of incentives should be encouraged to boost customer patronage.


Early-onset emphysema may have genetic and environmental causes. This case study reports on two cases that draw attention to the importance of taking a careful occupational history.

### Patient 1

A 51-year old male presented with a 10-year history of progressive breathlessness on exertion, noticed initially while training a youth football team. By the time of assessment in 2003 he was unable to run and had stopped work as a window fitter due to breathlessness. He had an intermittent cough and wheeze with daily clear sputum production. There was no diurnal variation in breathlessness, nocturnal cough, or history of asthma and atopy. He took no regular medication, and had never smoked, though both parents smoked at home when he was a child. His father died of ischaemic heart disease and emphysema at the age of 67 years. Computerised tomography (CT) scan of the lungs showed severe emphysema (Figure 1). Lung function was typical of centriacinar emphysema with mild airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC = 53%; FEV1 = 2.77 L, 73% predicted; FVC = 5.19 L, 109% predicted), significant air trapping (residual volume = 3.02 L, 135% predicted) and severely reduced gas transfer (DLCO = 3.96 mmol/min/kPa, 37% predicted). Liver function tests and alpha-1 antitrypsin phenotype (MM) and level (1.93 g/L) were normal. He was treated with inhaled beta-agonist, corticosteroid, and antimuscarinic drugs, and attended pulmonary rehabilitation. There was a steady decline …


High-heat-load studies on Si double crystal monochromator that is internally cooled with liquid nitrogen flow were performed as APS-Upgrade planned to increase ring current to 150 mA. The monochromator consists of two separated Si crystals with diffraction surfaces oriented along (111), diffracting vertically to produce a fixed 35 mm beam offset. Rocking curves were measured for the beam footprint on the first crystal lying both above and away from cooling channels. The beam was produced by two collinear APS undulators type A, each 2.4 m long with 3.3 cm period. Most of the data were obtained for a monochromator set to Bragg diffract at 8 keV for the Si (111) reflection. Through the use of aluminium filters between two sequential ion chambers, we also measured the Si (333) reflection diffracting at 24 keV. We measured the FWHM of rocking curves with either one or both undulators tuned so that the energy of the 1st harmonic matched the Si (111) Bragg energy. Our results show sensitivity to the distance between the beam footprint above and away from cooling channels under high power conditions.


Leveraging random examiner assignment and detailed patent prosecution data, we find that non-practicing entities (NPEs) purchase patents granted by examiners that tend to issue incremental patents with vaguely-worded claims. In comparison, practicing entities purchase a very different set of patents, but assert patents similar to those purchased by NPEs. These results show that on average NPEs purchase and assert patents productive for litigation but lacking technological merit, thus adding to overall litigation fees without providing incentives for high-quality innovations. Their activities are in part the symptom of a broader problem with the issuance of ill-defined intellectual property rights, which leads to (likely inefficient) litigation even among practicing entities. A cost-benefit calibration shows that investments in improving examination quality at the United States Patent Office would have large social returns.


ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID) MEASURES DURING LARGE RAINFALL EVENTS IN THE HUMBER RIVER WATERSHED, ONTARIO, CANADA Philip De Boer Advisors: University of Guelph, 2019 Dr. Andrew Binns Dr. Yiping Guo This research used an EPA SWMM model of the Humber River watershed and simulated the 2 to 100 year rainfall event to assess peak flow attenuation for LID measures. The EPA SWMM model used a semi-distributed modelling approach to test three configurations of LID measures. The LID measures were implemented on 39 subcatchments grouped into four categories. Two design storm distributions (Chicago and AES) and a continuous simulation from 1976 to 1997 were input as rainfall into the model. The continuous simulation was compared to the design storm results by converting maximum annual peak flows using the extreme value distribution to 2 to 100 year peak flows. The design storm and continuous simulation modelling demonstrated that LID measures offer minimal reduction to the peak flow for large rainfall events and provide inconclusive conclusions for smaller rainfall events suggesting design storm modelling can be inaccurate in determining peak flow.


The immune surveillance and pullorum quarantine have been conducted in layer flocks of a poultry breeding farm in Guizhou province.The negative infection rates of pullorum were 6.9%(2/29)、19.3%(6/31)and 0%(0/41)in three tested layer flocks.The chickens of NO.22 workshop developed higher titers of antibody against ND and AI after immunization,the antibody levels were uniformity,the geometrical mean titers reached 1∶90.510 and 1∶193.207 respectively,all the chickens have got immunological protection.In four tested layer flocks,the vaccinated results against egg drop syndrome were not satisfied because of lower antibody titer and dispersive distribution.The relation between immune effect and vaccine quality,flock health status has been discussed in this paper.


There is increasing interest by the naval engineering community in permanent monitoring systems that can monitor the structural behavior of ships during their operation at sea. Hull monitoring systems offer opportunities to better understand the performance of hulls during extreme sea states. Additional functionality envisioned for future systems includes automated health monitoring of the ship. In this study, a hull monitoring system assembled from wireless sensors is proposed for high-performance ships. Wireless sensors provide a low-cost platform for the collection of structural response data. In a military setting, wireless sensor networks can provide advantages over their cable-based counterparts in the form of cost, adaptability, redundancy, and weight savings. In this study, a 28-channel wireless sensor network is deployed on a high-speed littoral combat vessel. The FSF-1 SeaFighter provides an ideal platform for a proof-of-concept study since the ship has been previously instrumented with a dense network of cabled sensors. The wireless sensors are used to compile acceleration and strain data and to compute modal properties of the vessel.


The common researches for radar system modelling are mostly based on deductive methods, which forward simulate the radar working process according to the information of radar parameters and expert system. However, the radar prior information obtained is limited under battlefield background. So it is difficult to model the radar operating modes and schedule schemes accurately, especially for the multi-function radars (MFRs) which are able to employ multiple modes flexibly. A novel method of reverse modelling for MFR is proposed. The information of the waveform is translated into grammar according to the theory of formal language, and the corresponding Finite-state Automaton (FSA) is composed as initialization. Then, according to the thought of data-driven, the transition relations and probabilities between MFR modes are yielded by analysing the intercepted signals. Finally, the stochastic finite automaton (SFA) is composed, achieving the MFR model by reverse modelling. Simulation with hypothetical MFR signal data is presented, showing that the proposed method is able to compose its SFA effectively, which can be used in MFR state recognition to support the adaptive radar countermeasures.


The fundamental arena of the universe is a timeless space that has a granular structure at the Planck scale and clock/time provides only the numerical order of material changes inside this arena. Stellar objects and particles move into space only and not into a temporal dimension that flows on its own. Granularity of space allows speculation that space has a density which is in relation with the amount of matter in a given region. Two fundamental quantities can be introduced in order to describe gravitational interaction: density of universal cosmic mass and density of empty space. The density of universal cosmic mass increases with the increasing of the amount of matter present in a given region. Density of empty space decreases with the increasing of the amount of matter in a given region. Density of empty space provides a quantitative measure of its geometrical structure. Less dense space is more curved and very dense space is more flat. Physical objects have tendency to move into direction of higher curvature/lower density of space. Gravitational interaction mass-space-mass is immediate: presence of a mass causes change of density of empty space, change of density of empty space causes gravitational motion. A mass acts on another mass indirectly via the change of density of empty space. Gravity is an immediate physical phenomenon carried directly by the quantum space: no motion of particles or waves in space is needed to transmit gravitational interaction from one to another material object, and numerical order of gravity is zero. Finally, a timeless quantum-gravity space theory is suggested which is based on density of universal cosmic mass, density of empty space and the perspectives of this theory as regards the picture of the gravitational space are analyzed.


Hypertension is a common chronic disorder affecting 20 - 30% of adults in South Africa. Individuals who are normotensive at 55 years have a 95% lifetime risk of developing hypertension.


Abstract : Reactions of trifluoroacetic acid with poly(vinyl alcohol) and various model alcohols were investigated by observing the fluorine and the proton magnetic resonance spectra of the reaction mixtures. At equilibrium the degree of conversion to ester under given conditions decreased in the order isopropanol, pentane-2,4-diol, heptane-2,4,6-triol and poly(vinyl alcohol). Therefore the equilibrium constant for esterification of a hydroxyl group is depressed by the presence of neighboring hydroxyl groups. It was observed that the steric structures of the models and polymers also affect the equilibrium position of the reaction and this is mainly ascribable to the fact that meso (isotactic) molecules react more slowly with the acid than do racemic (syndiotactic) molecules. In acid-catalyzed acetylation of the model alcohols with acetic acid no similar dependence on the steric configuration was found. Therefore trifluoroacetylation seems to be specific in this respect. (Author)


When the world's leaders meet in Copenhagen to trash out the replacement for the Kyoto protocol in December, they'll be plotting our road to a sustainable planet. But as the author reports just weeks ahead of the crucial meeting, the outcome is still in the balance.


F.A. Hayek argues that the best that economics can hope for is "explanation of the principle" of complex economic systems, arguing against the feasibility of precise prediction and thus of successful economic planning. However, subsequent work in economics, often under the heading of Market Design, has claimed some ability to design the contours of action situations for success. This essay attempts to resolve this apparent contradiction. We argue that Hayek is essentially correct about the limits of knowledge about broad-scale economic systems, but that local conditions are often close enough to closure to allow for more specific predictions and thus control. The distinction between the open system level and the somewhat closed local level is roughly analogous to the distinction between general equilibrium and partial equilibrium. We then distinguish between economic knowledge that is useful for experts and that which is useful for citizens.


INTRODUCTION Mohr & van Baren (1954) indicated that organic matter accumulation in soils is balanced by decay due to oxidation and microbial attack. Usually, organic matter increases with altitude where it is cooler (Birch & Friend 1956). In most soil profiles the content of total organic carbon is at a maximum at the surface and decreases log normally with depth. The decay of organic matter is often a first order reaction (Jenkinson & Rayner 1977). Original resistates of high molecular weight (e.g., lignin) degrade to simple molecules that form the building blocks for highly polymerised products called collectively humus (Figure 1). In the top few centimetres of the soil turnover times of organic matter are very rapid; as little as 0.165 years at Rothamsted (Jenkinson & Rayner 1977). It is here that low molecular weight carbon compounds polymerise up towards humus (Thomas et al. 1978) so that residence times of macromolecular associations (Hayes 1998) can become several thousand years in lower topsoils (Allison 1973). This paper examines the chemical kinetics mainly of andisols under tropical rainforest. Temperate and cold region examples are given for comparison. Toposequences in pristine environments of crestal sites provide the best data but are rare.


Since the generator is only restricted to produce good images in terms of texture loss, nothing stops it from generating samples with small variance between them. Therefore, if a model archives lower texture loss it does not implicate that this model is preferable. The generator should be powerful enough to combine texture elements, but not too complex to degrade to similar samples. The degrading effect is similar to overfitting but there is no obvious way to control it as there is no analogue of validation set available.


Starting from 2009 academic year, the instructional coaches in a school district in a northwest American city began to provide Workshop II (pseudonym) to elementary school English teachers. This study aims to discuss the use of graphic organizers in English teachers' professional development. Different types of graphic organizers such as conceptual development charts, Venn diagrams, or T-charts, were used by the instructional coaches in Workshop II to help English teachers understand the academic language and lesson planning process. Moreover, English teachers were expected to implement these graphic organizers into their classroom practice and help their English learners understand academic language and content knowledge. The provision of graphic organizers helped the participating teachers learn and process the knowledge and concepts taught in Workshop II. Two participating teachers applied T-chart and bubble maps, two graphic organizers introduced in Workshop II, into their classroom practice. Suggestions on effectively use graphic organizers for both classroom practice and professional developments will be provided.


Objective To enrich renal cell carcinoma(RCC)stem cells from RCC cells line in serum free medium(SFM)with the method of suspension culture and to study its apoptosis.Methods RCC cells were collected and dissotiated into single ones whose expression of CD133 and apoptotic rate were first detected,then they were seeded in SFM containing EGF and bFGF.Seven days later the expression of CD133 and apoptotic rate in cells from SFM were detected by flow cytometry and normal RCC cells were set as negative control.Results RCC stem cells spheres were appeared after RCC cells were cultured tow days in SFM ;Seven days later,more spheres came out.Then collected and detected them by flow cytometry and found that about(1.22±0.34)% cells were CD133+cells in normal OS-RC-2 cell line,while CD133+cells reached to(8.25±1.43)% after cultivating in SFM for 7 days and had low apoptotic rate.Conclusion RCC stem cells can be enriched from RCC cells by SFM,and they have lower apoptotic rate than normal RCC cells and are keeping their unlimited proliferating.


Abstract This study examined corporate governance, risk control in deposit money banks and how operational problems within commercial banks and information on them in Nigeria has been hoarded to a great extent. The result shows a negative but a significant impact on bank's financial performance. However, a corporate-governance system that is sound increases the profitability of loans as well as the stability of banks. Furthermore, the study finds that board size, board independence, directors' shareholdings and board meetings are negative while the coefficient number of board committee is positive on Tobin Q. It, therefore, means that there exists between the corporate governance a significant relationship with financial performance. Shareholders, board meetings & members of the board does have negative relationship to performance. In contrast, the coefficient for the number of board sizes, board independence & board committees are positive on ROE-Return on Equity. This shows that any increase in shareholding of directors, the directors of the board and board of directors would result in decreased ROE of deposit money banks (DMB) in the economy of Nigeria. This research then recommends proper corporate risk management practices should be encouraged with financial institutions carrying out frequent quality control checks to ensure compliance.


Abstract The tensile, dynamic mechanical and morphological properties of PC/HDPE, PC/LDPE and PC/PS blends have been investigated with the intent of clarifying the major factors governing the modulus of these essentially incompatible blends. Scanning electron microscopy shows that all of the PC/HDPE, PC/LDPE and PC/PS blends have a domain structure whose morphology is strongly dependent on the concentration of the dispersed phase; when the dispersed phase concentration is less than 15%, the domains are mostly of spherical shape, while above 20% agglomeration takes place to form rodlike structures. Dynamic mechanical data shows there is essentially no adhesion at the PC-HDPE and PC-LDPE boundaries, while there is appreciable adhesion at the PC-PS interface. The existence of an intermixed zone was postulated to explain this interfacial adhesion. Morphological and thermal analysis results also indicate that both the HDPE and LDPE inclusions are loosely sitting in the holes in the PC matrix while the PS inclu...


Review(s) of: Shamanism, Catholicism and Gender Relations in Colonial Philippines, 1521-1685: Women and Gender in the Early Modern World, September 2004, 219 x 153 mm 270 Pages, Hardback 0 7546 3437 X 45.00 Includes 16 b and w Illustrations.


e14014Background: The incidence of brain metastases (BM) increases with frequent use of stereotactic radiotherapy. The main complication is radionecrosis (RN), without any validated treatment. Retr...


S(pacelike)D-branes are objects arising naturally in string theory when Dirichlet boundary conditions are imposed on the time direction. SD-brane physics is inherently time-dependent. Previous investigations of gravity fields of SD-branes have yielded undesirable naked spacelike singularities. We set up the problem of coupling the most relevant open-string tachyonic mode to massless closed-string modes in the bulk, with backreaction and Ramond-Ramond fields included. We find solutions numerically in a self-consistent approximation; our solutions are naturally asymptotically flat and time-reversal asymmetric. We find completely nonsingular evolution; in particular, the dilaton and curvature are well-behaved for all time. The essential mechanism for spacetime singularity resolution is the inclusion of full backreaction between the bulk fields and the rolling tachyon. Our analysis is not the final word on the story, because we have to make some significant approximations, most notably homogeneity of the tachyon on the unstable branes. Nonetheless, we provide significant progress in plugging a gaping hole in prior understanding of the gravity fields of SD-branes.


In celebrating the centennial of the American Society for Microbiology, many people will surely recall the central importance that research using microbial systems played in the birth and the subsequent development of molecular biology in the latter half of the 100-year history. Starting from the


High yielding factors of F1 hybrid rice was extensively examined from the time changes in the percent of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC%) and total nitrogen (N%) in the leaf blade, culm and leaf sheath. There was no large difference in NSC% of leaf blade (LB) between the F1 hybrid rice and common rice varieties. However, NSC% of the culm and leaf sheath (LS) in the F1 hybrid rice showed a higher value than common rice varieties. NSC% of LS in all common rice varieties decreased rapidly after the heading stage, and then increased again at the middle stage of ripening. On the other hand, that of the F1 hybrid rice continuously decreased up to the harvesting stage. There was a highly positive correlation between the decreasing rate of NSC% and translocated products from the LS during ripening period. There was also a highly positive correlation between the decreasing rate of NSC% and grain yield. These results show that NSC in the LS moves to grain and contributes greately to the production of brown grain rice. The N% of the LB is higher than that of the LS in all varieties. N% of the F1 hybrid rice was lower than that of common rice varieties in both plant parts. There was significant positive correlation between N% in the LB and grain yield when excluded the F1 hybrid rice. These results show that a high yield of the F1 hybrid rice depends more on the reserved carbohydrate accumulated in the LS before the heading stage as compared with common rice varieties.


In this paper, unsteady characteristics of pressure in solid rocket motor were analyzed by using response of pintle actuation, pressure and thrust data from ground test. Pressure and thrust in solid rocket motor can be controlled in real time by varying nozzle throat area with pintle, installed in the valve. Unsteady characteristics of pressure can be observed in this system occurred by various reasons. An effect of each reason can be analyzed individually by re-prediction of pressure with response of pintle actuation and analyzing thrust to pressure ratio.


This paper proposes an improvised D- flip flop configuration based on tristate inverter logic, which reduces the power dissipation, decrease the transition time from the input to output as well as reduced time to reach rail to rail voltage. The flip flop uses transmission gate instead of pass transistor to achieve this requirement. The design is simulated using 90nm CMOS technology and data is propagated at 50% duty cycle. The circuit is simulated using Cadence tools to assess the performance with respect to delay and power. These D-flip flops have numerous applications such as buffers, registers, digital VLSI clocking systems, microprocessors etc.


This bibliography includes scholarly journals, dissertations, papers, and books published primarily from 1980 through December 1984 that focus on teacher evaluation and merit pay. These materials are presented in separate chapters, according to the type of publication in which they appeared. In addition to materials identified and annotated from a literature search of several education databases, the authors wrote to public school districts with student populations of over 5,000 requesting copies of their teacher evaluation materials. They received 348 sets of evaluation documents and these materials are annotated in the chapter entitled School District Publications. Other materials prepared by school districts are included in the chapter entitled Papers.


Founded in 1982 as the result of an anonymous donation, the Panizzi lectures celebrate the achievements of Sir Anthony Panizzi (1797-1879), the notable librarian of Victorian Britain and effective creator of the British Museum Library at Bloomsbury. Each series of lectures is concerned with bibliography in its widest sense, drawing at least part of its material from the British Library's collections. The dissolution of the monasteries and other religious houses by the English kings Henry VIII and Edward VI, in and after 1536, resulted in the dispersal of libraries of books, manuscripts and other written records which had been accumulated over centuries. In the aftermath of the destruction, a number of collectors sought to salvage what they could and, inspired by their example, Sir Robert Cotton (1571-1631) formed the richest library then in private hands in England. In this illustrated study of Cotton's manuscript collection, Collin Tite assesses the contribution which Cotton and his successors made to it as librarians and offers a reconstruction of the arrangement of the manuscripts in Cotton House, Westminster, under the famous system of press marks named after early Roman emperors. The volume concludes with an analysis of Cotton as a collector.


Protection of individual privacy is a common concern when releasing and sharing data and information. Differential privacy (DP) formalizes privacy in probabilistic terms without making assumptions about the background knowledge of data intruders, and thus provides a robust concept for privacy protection. Practical applications of DP involve development of differentially private mechanisms to generate sanitized results at a pre-specified privacy budget. In the sanitization of bounded statistics such as proportions and correlation coefficients, the bounding constraints will need to be incorporated in the differentially private mechanisms. There has been little work in examining the consequences of the incorporation of of bounding constraints on the accuracy of sanitized results from a differentially private mechanism. In this paper, we define noninformative and informative bounding procedures in the sanitization of bounded data, depending on whether a bounding procedure itself leaks original information or not. We formalize the differentially private truncated and boundary inflated truncated (BIT) mechanisms that release bounded statistics. The impacts of the noninformative truncated and BIT mechanisms on the statistical validity of sanitized statistics, including bias and consistency, in the framework of the Laplace mechanism are evaluated both theoretically and empirically via simulation studies.


This paper presents a method to selectively elevate the degree of an S‐Patch of arbitrary dimension. We consider not only S‐Patches with 2D domains but 3D and higher‐dimensional domains as well, of which volumetric cage deformations are a subset. We show how to selectively insert control points of a higher degree patch into a lower degree patch while maintaining the polynomial reproduction order of the original patch. This process allows the user to elevate the degree of only one portion of the patch to add new degrees of freedom or maintain continuity with adjacent patches without elevating the degree of the entire patch, which could create far more degrees of freedom than necessary. Finally we show an application to cage‐based deformations where we increase the number of control points by elevating the degree of a subset of cage faces. The result is a cage deformation with higher degree triangular Bézier functions on a subset of cage faces but no interior control points.


Innovative antiseismic techniques have already been applied in Italy to more than 150 bridges and vidaducts over 30 buildings and other structures. For the latter, seismic isolation systems, mostly formed by high damping rubber bearings have already been used in 20 cases. For such systems detailed numerical analyses and wide-ranging experimental campaigns have also been performed in the framework of both national and international collaborations to support applications. Proposals for design guidelines and standards have been developed for the isolation devices and both civil and industrial structures, including the nuclear plants. This paper focuses on the main feature of the activities performed in support of the development of the aforesaid seismic isolation systems.


In The Race Card (2001),Mendelberg finds support for her theory that implicit racial appeals, but not explicit ones, prime racial resentment in opinion formation. She argues that citizens reject explicit appeals, rendering them ineffective, because they violate widespread egalitarian norms. Mendelberg's innovative research, however, suffers from several limitations. We remedy these deficiencies using two randomized experiments with over 6,300 respondents. We confirm that individuals do tend to reject explicit appeals outright, but find that implicit appeals are no more effective than explicit ones in priming racial resentment in opinion formation. In accounting for the differences between previous research and our own, we show that education moderates both the accessibility of racial predispositions and message acceptance. This suggests that the necessary assumptions of Mendelberg's theory hold only for different and exclusive subsets of the general population.


The invention relates to a dishwasher, at least comprising a washing container (1) and a hydraulic circuit, in which a distributor (19) is provided, a washing liquor (I) in at least two partial streams (II, III) divides, each to within the arranged washing container (1) spraying devices (7, 9) are guided. According to the invention the distributor (19) is integrally and / or unitarily formed in a boundary wall of the rinsing container (1), in particular in the bottom wall (13) integrated.


ImageCLEF 2021 Caption Prediction Task is an example of a challenging research problem in the field of image captioning. The goal of this research is to automatically generate accurate captions describing a given medical image. We describe our approach to captioning medical images and illustrate the text and image pre-processing that is effective for our task dataset. In this paper, we have applied sentence-ending period removal as text pre-processing and histogram normalization of luminance as image pre-processing. Furthermore, we present the effectiveness of our text data augmentation approach. Submission of our kdelab team on the task test dataset achieved a BLEU evaluating of 0.362.


Music, which in the very moment of its making must vanish, is ultimately a poignant pursuit. The singing voices of people in ancient times, and the sounds of their instruments, are themselves forever beyond our ability to hear. In the latter 12th century, retired emperor Go-Shirakawa-in 後白河院 (1127–1192; r. 1155– 1158), himself a passionate devotee of the musical art known as imayō 今様, left the following famous saying in his collection of imayō musical lore, the Ryōjin hishō kudenshū 梁塵秘抄口伝集:


A database of compound properties is established, in which standard heat of formation and other important properties of about 5 000 compounds are included. With the help of Visual Basic 6.0 language, the intelligent management of database through computers is realized. Performances such as uerying, retrieving, printing for users become more feasible. This database has been formed as a complete and detailed handbook for researchers.


This study aims 1) To determine the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4-5 years prior to the application of the letter in the post card media ECD Mekar Sari subdistrict Tapung. 2) To determine the ability to recognize letters in children aged 4-5 years after the implementation of the letter in the post card media ECD Mekar Sari subdistrict Tapung. 3) To determine how much influence the media card application letter to the ability to recognize letters in Pos Paud Mekar Sari District Tapung. This type of research is an experimental research. Samples of research that children aged 4-5 years in Pos Paud Mekar Sari District Tapung consisting of 14 children, consisting of 7 men and 7 women. Collecting data using observation and documentation. Based on the survey results revealed that 1) The ability to recognize letters in Children Aged 4-5 Years in Pos Paud Mekar Sari District Tapung before treatment is given in the form of media cards belonging letters began to grow, meaning that a new child to know some letters and can not recognize letters well. 2) The ability to recognize letters in Pos Paud Mekar Sari District Tapung after treatment is given in the form of letters increased media card and classified evolve as expected, meaning that children are able to recognize the letters are taught by a teacher and be able to distinguish the letters designated by the teacher. 3) The effect of the application of the card media letter to the ability to know the letters in Childhood 4-5 Years in Pos Paud Mekar Sari District Tapung that is equal to 51.55%, which means that children are able to recognize the letters well after applying the letter card media.
Keywords: Media Card Letter, Letter Know Your Capabilities


The problem of management of ecological safety of territorial motor transportation system and creation of its formalized model is considered. As a conceptual framework to solve this problem we used the paradigm of the biosphere compatibility settlements, while methodological basis was agent-based approach, which is a new area of simulation. is used. The conceptual scheme of agent model of territorial motor transportation system was provided and its set-theoretic description was given. The results of modeling of separate scenarios of management and administrative decisions to predict an ecological situation in the urbanized territory caused by the influence of objects of motor transportation infrastructure were described.


Tremendous endeavors have been made to improve the sensitivity of brain tumor detection and the efficacy of treatment in the past decades. However, the cure rate of brain tumor patients is not sign...


Freeway ramp metering systems have been used to improve urban freeway flow. However, control strategies must be properly adjusted to account for ramp queue overflow onto surface streets and to provide equitable on-ramp control during various operating periods. An improved solution can be obtained by optimizing this problem simultaneously for an extended control period (a group of time slices). This study identifies and examines a microcomputer-based optimization scheme that will assist engineers in developing efficient freeway control strategies to enhance the real-time freeway surveillance and control. This programmer's manual basically describes the software design aspects of the proposed freeway ramp metering system. The report documents the various programming issues of the component modules, including the main program, input data processor, graphics user interface, and the optional output interface program using Quattro Pro system.


Activated carbon (AC) is widely used for removing organic contaminants; however, its finite adsorption capacity may limit the long-term use. Oxidation regeneration of saturated AC is one of the effective measures to recover the adsorptive capacity of AC, even though the deterioration of AC during the regeneration is common. In this study, advanced oxidation process (Fenton combined persulfate system, Fe/H2O2/S2O8) was used to regenerate the saturated AC, the mechanisms of AC deterioration were evaluated, and the interactions of oxidants, contaminants, and AC during the adsorption/regeneration processes were investigated. The results indicate that the oxidants mainly functions on the AC surface, resulting in the deterioration of AC along with the destruction of the sorbed contaminant (e.g., trichloroethylene in this study). Deterioration of AC exposed fresh carbon to the surface, however, such emergence of the fresh carbon to the AC surface does not seem to increase the AC adsorption capacity. Iron precipitation on the surface of AC was also observed during the adsorption/regeneration process, however, it can be partially removed from the surface of AC along with the carbon deterioration.


In this paper we tackle the problem of instance-level segmentation and depth ordering from a single monocular image. Towards this goal, we take advantage of convolutional neural nets and train them to directly predict instance-level segmentations where the instance ID encodes the depth ordering within image patches. To provide a coherent single explanation of an image we develop a Markov random field which takes as input the predictions of convolutional neural nets applied at overlapping patches of different resolutions, as well as the output of a connected component algorithm. It aims to predict accurate instance-level segmentation and depth ordering. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the challenging KITTI benchmark and show good performance on both tasks.


We propose an implantable CMOS micro system for detection of neural spike signals from complex brain neural potentials which achieves the characteristics of ultra low-power and high-precision. The neural recording micro system consists of a low-noise bioamplifier, a neural spike detector based on nonlinear energy operator (NEO) and a precision hysteresis comparator. The DC offset in the bioamplifier is rejected by introducing a new active feedback configuration instead of the large capacitors, the NEO algorithm is implemented through simple analog circuits operating in sub-threshold region, and the hysteresis comparator is added to determine the location of neural spike. The current consumption of the recording system is 3.02 μA with 3.3 V supply. The proposed system has been implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS process and precisely detects neural spike signals from extra cellular recording.


A critical layer thickness study of strained GaAs/InGaAs and AlGaAs/GaAsP quantum wells (QWs) grown by atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) is reported. Characterization by conventional photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and x-ray diffraction suggests that partial or regional relaxation begins to occur at critical thicknesses predicted by the force-balance model. To test the stability of strained quantum wells with well width near or exceeding the predicted critical thickness, annealing up to 850°C for ten minutes was carried out. No sign of degradation or complete relaxation of the QW layers was observed.


Abstract Perpetuating the discipline of philosophy is not the main educational responsibility of philosophers. Instead, it is to equip students with those distinctively philosophical intellectual resources that will serve students in serving the public good through participation in the economy (broadly conceived) and democratic life. Given this responsibility philosophers, individually and collectively, have a duty to take teaching and learning more seriously than they do. The paper offers some confident ideas about what this means when it comes to approaching training and professional development and some more tentative ideas about what it means, specifically, for the Philosophy curriculum and the pedagogical strategies philosophers should adopt in the classroom.


Xi'an cultural tourism industry constitutes cultural tourism and social cultural tourism industry,covering more than 20 categories industries.It forms six gathering areas in the space,the prominent feature are humanistic agglomeration and cultural experience factor.The main drivers of the industrial agglomeration are slow market pulling power plus government policy exciting and cultural inheritance responsibility,its operation mode is "culture + tourism + residential + commercial",its development mode is cultural economy.Its obvious disadvantages expresses in three aspects.So the industry needs accurate positioning in world perspective,fully dig the cultural connotation of ZHOU,Qin,Han,Tang dynasty,and speed up the construction of comprehensive cultural tourism industry area,further strengthen industry clusters,accelerate regional aggregation,to get the cultural and tourism industry collaboratively develop.


The Capgras delusion is a condition in which a person believes that an imposter has replaced some close friend or relative. Recent theorists have appealed to Bayesianism to help explain both why a subject with the Capgras delusion adopts this delusional belief and why it persists despite counter-evidence. The Bayesian approach is useful for addressing these questions; however, the main proposal of this essay is that Capgras subjects also have a delusional conception of epistemic possibility, more specifically, they think more things are possible, given what is known, than non-delusional subjects do. I argue that this is a central way in which their thinking departs from ordinary cognition and that it cannot be characterized in Bayesian terms. Thus, in order to fully understand the cognitive processing involved in the Capgras delusion, we must move beyond Bayesianism. 1   The Simple Bayesian Model 2   Anomalous Evidence and the Capgras Delusion 3   Impaired Reasoning 4   Setting Priors 5   Epistemic Modality 6   Delusions of Possibility 7   Delusions of Possibility in Different Contexts 8   How Many Factors? 1   The Simple Bayesian Model 2   Anomalous Evidence and the Capgras Delusion 3   Impaired Reasoning 4   Setting Priors 5   Epistemic Modality 6   Delusions of Possibility 7   Delusions of Possibility in Different Contexts 8   How Many Factors?