This paper applies such indexes as macro tax burden, tax elasticity and tax coordination index to calculate the tax contribution of China's three industries. The results show that the second and third industries are the main tax bearer, and the third industry has the greatest tax contribution. Meanwhile, the eastern region is the main bearer of industrial tax burden, and has excess tax contribution, while the central and western regions depend more on the construction industry and the realty business than the eastern region. Therefore, we should perfect the agricultural tax system to promote the development of the primary industry, further standardize the turnover tax to lessen the tax burden of the third industry with value-added tax replacing business tax, and apply the corporate income tax policy to accelerate the readjustment of industrial structure in the central and western regions.


Monocular scene reconstruction from posed images is challenging due to the complexity of a large environment. Recent volumetric methods learn to directly predict the TSDF volume and have demonstrated promising results in this task. However, most methods focus on how to extract and fuse the 2D features to a 3D feature volume, but none of them improve the way how the 3D volume is aggregated. In this work, we propose an SDF transformer network, which replaces the role of 3D CNN for better 3D feature aggregation. To reduce the explosive computation complexity of the 3D multi-head attention, we propose a sparse window attention module, where the attention is only calculated between the non-empty voxels within a local window. Then a top-down-bottom-up 3D attention network is built for 3D feature aggregation, where a dilate-attention structure is proposed to prevent geometry degeneration, and two global modules are employed to equip with global receptive fields. The experiments on multiple datasets show that this 3D transformer network generates a more accurate and complete reconstruction, which outperforms previous methods by a large margin. Remarkably, the mesh accuracy is improved by 41.8%, and the mesh completeness is improved by 25.3% on the ScanNet dataset. Project page: https://weihaosky.github.io/sdfformer.


The assembly of sophisticated high nuclearity coordination complexes with relatively simple ligands allows the combination of their nanoscopic size with the magnetic or optical properties of the metals leading to interesting new materials. The incorporation of lanthanides (III) in such highly organised polymetallic complexes is of great interest in supramolecular chemistry, in view of their interesting luminescent properties and the potential application in carbon dioxide storage.1 The creation of polymetallic architectures is crucial for the design of lanthanide-based devices such as light converters, logic gates, biomedical probes or sensors. In spite of this, the assembly of lanthanide based supramolecular architectures has lagged behind that of other systems due to the difficulty in controlling the coordination environment of these ions which display high and variable coordination numbers with little stereochemical preferences.


The principle of shot peening is to hit the surface of a metallic part with spherical shots to introduce a compressive residual stress field by plastification. The compressive stress introduced by shot peening lowers the number of cracks initiation on the material's surface. This process is thus used to increase fatigue life of many mechanical parts. The efficiency of shot peening depends on parameters such as the coverage rate or the size and speed of the shots. The values chosen for these parameters should be accurate to obtain the required fatigue life; investigations on the influence of the shot peening parameters, should be efficient and easy. A few analytical models have been proposed to better evaluate the residual stress field of a shot peened part, but most of the knowledge on shot peening processes today is empirical. In this study we chose to use a finite element model. Indeed, finite element codes are now powerful enough to simulate shot-peening processes extensively and to analyze the influence of the relevant parameters. This paper presents finite element simulations of shot peening processes and the residual stress fields obtained. We validated the model with a confrontation between numerical and experimental results. Two types of materials often used in aircraft and automobile industry were chosen for the study. The mechanical properties of these two materials were experimentally measured. In the same way, the coverage rate, the diameter and the speed of shots used to treat the surface of the materials were evaluated. Selected data were extracted from the literature and experimental measurements carried out in our laboratory. Three-dimensional models reproducing the experimental conditions were then investigated to simulate the shot peening of these materials. Results such as the displacement and the residual stress field are presented and compared to experimental results when possible. The models proposed show how the finite element simulation is able to predict the residual stress field of a shot peened part. The possibility to vary parameters values easily confirms the interest of shot peening numerical simulations.


The soil inhabits many microbes, including plant parasitic nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes are reported to cause substantial damage to crops which results in yield and economic losses. Chemical control is the most widely used method to control plant parasitic nematodes. However, the consequences of synthetic chemicals are detrimental to human health, animals, and the environment and face so many strict regulatory measures. Synthetic chemicals are also not reliable with their inability to provide long-term protection. Many studies have shown that the use of beneficial fungi and bacteria has the potential to prevent and suppress plant parasitic nematodes while keeping the environment safe. Several experiments have demonstrated that bioproducts of microbial origin are cheap, safe, and provide long-lasting biocontrol effects against pathogens both in vitro and field conditions. Therefore, this review aims to discuss mechanisms that beneficial microbes and their products use to successfully suppress plant parasitic nematodes. The review also explains the importance of using commercial bionematicides in the sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes. The existing challenges that are limiting the full application of beneficial microbes, and what needs to be done to fully utilize biocontrol agents in the management of plant parasitic nematodes have also been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review has come at the right time to give researchers and plant growers more options when several synthetic chemical nematicides are being banned by regulatory authorities due to their hazardous effects.


Abstract The stellar success of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has led to the interpretation of the 2002 and 2007 elections as sharp deviations from past political trends. Through an analysis of national and regional‐level party system indicators in the post‐1980 period, the authors find that the success of the AKP should rather be seen as the continuation of trends that started in the early 1990s. Throughout the 1990s, the pro‐Islamist and nationalist bloc had already established a strong base in Central Anatolia, and the success of the AKP is due to its expansion of this voter base to Western regions and some of the predominantly Kurdish provinces in the southeast.


Objective ‐ To assess the preclinical effects on cognitive functions of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (NRAF) in patients with negative history for cerebrovascular disease. Materials and methods ‐ The study included 37 consecutive patients with chronic (n= 16, mean age 65.3±6.6 years) or paroxysmal (n=21, mean age 58.3±9.5 years) NRAF and an equal number of control subjects in sinus rhythm, who were matched for age, education and presence of hypertension. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery including tests of attention, memory, language and visuospatial skills was administered. Results ‐ Patients with chronic NRAF showed significantly poorer performances in tasks exploring attention and verbal memory functions, while the paroxysmal group was significantly impaired in a long‐term memory task. The neuropsychological findings were confirmed excluding from both groups patients with CT evidence of cerebrovascular damage. A small subgroup of patients was also submitted to cerebral MRI. Conclusion ‐ Neurologically asymptomatic NRAF is related to a subclinical but significant impairment in attention and memory. These deficits could be produced by minor ischemic lesions due to microembolization, or by diffuse hypoxic damage due to hypoperfusion.


Its use per discloses, the catalyst (i) the support and (ii) elemental molybdenum in combination with oxygen and vanadium and niobium and if necessary tungsten and components for the oxidation of the catalyst composition and ethane to ethylene and acetic acid consists of a Z, the component Z is one or more metals of group 14 table periodic table, a, b, c, d and e are each 0 <a ≦ 1; 0 ≦ b <1 and shows a and 0 <e ≦ 1 become such elements Mo, W, Z, gram atom ratios of V and Nb; a + b = 1; 0.05 <c ≦ 2; 0 <d ≦ 2.


Article obtains questions of functional modeling and system engineering in ASTPP. Presenting a model of managing technical reconstruction of innovative projects.


The structural properties of the Au-Pd dimers including,andclusters are optimized by Density Functional Theory(DFT) approach with Relativistic Effective Core Potential(RECP) using Gaussian 98 code.Finally,the HOMO-LUMO gaps and the chemical activation of the Au-Pd dimers are investigated.


We have studied the effect of Sm on the magnetic surface anisotropy (MSA) of Pd/Co100−xSmx/Pd (111) trilayers, where Sm content x was varied from 0 to 11. All samples show perpendicular anisotropy due to the strong MSA at the interfaces. The MSA significantly increases with x and attains a maximum value of 0.60 erg/cm2 at x≃8.3, which is 36% larger than that of pure Co (x=0). The volume term of the magnetic anisotropy shows a similar behavior as the MSA. The appreciable increase in MSA is considered to be due to the enhancement of orbital moment of Co by the addition of Sm.


Data transmission in a secure manner over the internet has gained higher interest since last decade as the use of encryption for transmitting embedded files before compression is very essential. The major challenge is designing the architecture so as to perform the file encryption at sender side and the file compression at the NSP side in order to achieve the distinguished works assigned to senders and NSP. The proposed architecture comprises a novel architecture where resources required for file compression are utilised from NSP quota while resources only for encryption are used from Sender quota. The proposed system makes use of pre-defined AES encryption algorithm for encrypting the files and LSB Steganography for hiding the sensitive data in the images. With the AES, arithmetic methodology is more productive for better compression of images that are been already encrypted. While as far as compression is concerned, Huffman algorithm is not so suitable, as it gives less compression proportion, than the advanced lossless coders of image which takes input as, intrinsic or decoded images.


After 2 years, ComPlexUs seems to meet a widespread demand. In different fi elds researchers feel the need for new tools in order to confront, analyze and understand the complexity of the real world. Postgenomic biology, or functional genomics or 'systems biology', as it is also named, provide many opportunities to test this new paradigm. However, similar problems are encountered in other disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, and economics, while similar tools are borrowed from physics, mathematics and computer sciences. Previous and current issues contain several articles with new insights in the fi elds not only of functional genomics, proteomics and cell biology, but also health management, transportation systems, neuroendocrinology and psychology. Special issues are in preparation on the complexity of the microbial world, including contributions to the 'European Conference on Complex Systems', Paris, 2005.


Food literacy is a set of knowledge, skills, abilities and attitudes needed for the planning, management, selection, preparation and consumption of food. With their attitude to food and nutrition and their established views, parents make a significant contribution to the food literacy level among children. This dissertation aims at finding out how well parents know the food-related topics taught at school, what their views on food literacy are, and what they do to improve the level of food literacy in their children. The survey was completed by 62 parents of primary school 8th and 9th graders. The data was obtained through a questionnaire filled out by the parents.

The survey has shown that the parents know well which food-related topics their children are being taught at school. In the parents' views on and attitudes to food literacy, differences were observed based on their level of qualifications. The parents with secondary school qualifications find it most important for their children to know how to use kitchen utensils and cooking appliances and to make simple meals, while parents with higher-level qualifications find it most important for their children to know healthy food and food hygiene. Encouraging children to do house chores plays an important part in teaching children to be independent. The parents with secondary school qualifications mostly encourage their children to make simple dishes and plan their daily meals. The parents with higher-level qualifications find it very important to encourage their children to eat healthy food and to observe hygiene standards in food preparation. In passing down the knowledge of food and nutrition, the parents assigned an important role to themselves, so it can be said they feel responsible for teaching their children to be food literate. It is vital for the parents and the school to engage in shared activities designed to promote food literacy among children, since having common goals helps yield better results in teaching healthy eating to children.


This paper presents a model of NAND flash SSD utilization and write amplification when the ATA/ATAPI SSD Trim command is incorporated into object-based storage under a variety of user workloads, including a uniform random workload with objects of fixed size and a uniform random workload with objects of varying sizes. We first summarize the existing models for write amplification in SSDs for workloads with and without the Trim command, then propose an alteration of the models that utilizes a framework of object-based storage. The utilization of objects and pages in the SSD is derived, with the analytic results compared to simulation. Finally, the effect of objects on write amplification and its computation is discussed along with a potential application to optimization of SSD usage through object storage metadata servers that allocate object classes of distinct object size.


Netted muskmelon fruits of Hale's Best, Magnum 45 and Saticoy cultivars in 6 different maturity classes, from immature to mature were examined. Maturity class was based on days after anthesis. The melons were evaluated for differences in delayed light emission (DLE) measurements and physical and chemical properties that relate to maturity. DLE, firmness, and chlorophyll decreased with increasing maturity, whereas Hunter a and soluble solids increased. DLE correlated highly (r =−0.94) with a calculated maturity index, indicating that DLE could be used as a nondestructive technique for measuring the maturity of netted muskmelon.


Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are the growing fields of scientific research and commercial development. Nanosize powders are solid particles with typical size in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Nanosize powders have very large specific surface area giving rise to many special physical and chemical properties. The important objective of the present research is to produce high purity Nanopowder using pulse power technique. The advantage of the pulse power generation is that particle size could be controlled by varying the injected power and the method has high energy efficiency and high product purity. In the present study charging voltage, dielectric strength of operating medium, length and size of operating wire on the production of Nanoparticle were analysed. We exploded Cu wires of 25 mm in length and 0.08 mm in diameter in distilled water with same discharge energy /mol. The capacitance of the energy storage capacitor was 50000pF, and the charging voltage was varied from 30 kV to 40 kV. The mechanism of generation of Nanoparticles using pulsed power technique is explained in detail. Also the relationship between different control parameters on the particles were explained in detail.


These are lecture notes for the course titled Lie-theoretic methods in analysis taught by Professor Alladi Sitaram. In these lecture notes, Professor Sitaram defines a linear Lie group and the exponential map and discusses preliminary results on these. 1. Linear Lie groups 1.1. What is a linear Lie group? Definition. A linear Lie group(defined) is a group along with an embedding as a closed subgroup of GL(n, R). Some comments: (1) GL(n, C) can be embedded as a closed subgroup of GL(2n, R) by treating C as a two-dimensional vector space over R. (2) GL(n, R) is an open subset in Rn2 and the multiplication and inverse maps are smooth maps. (3) GL(n, R) is not connected. It has two connected components: the subgroup comprising matrices of positive determinant (denoted as GL(n, R)) and the subgroup comprising matrices of negative determinant 1.2. Examples of linear Lie groups. The following are linear Lie groups, either directly viewed as closed subgroups of GL(n, R), or viewed as closed subgroups of GL(n, C) (and hence, by transitivity of closedness, as closed subgroups of GL(2n, C). (1) GL(n, R) itself (2) GL(n, R) (3) SL(n, R) is the group of matrices with positive determinant (4) O(n, R) is the group of matrices A such that AA is the identity matrix (5) SO(n, R) is the intersection of O(n, R) and SL(n, R). Note that SO(n, R) is the connected component of O(n, R). (6) U(n, C) is the group of matrices A over C such that AA∗ is the identity matrix. 1.3. Proofs of connectedness. We now show how the problem of proving connectedness of GL(n, R) can be reduced to the problem of connectedness of SO(n, R). We make a series of observations: (1) Every invertible matrix can be expressed as a product of an orthogonal matrix and a positive definite matrix In particular, every invertible matrix of positive determinant can be expressed as a product of a special orthogonal matrix and a positive definite matrix. (2) Every positive definite matrix can be expressed as the exponential of a symmetric matrix. This follows by first diagonalizing (using an orthogonal matrix) and then writing the corresponding diagonal matrix as the exponential of a diagonal matrix. Since conjugating by an orthogonal matrix preserves the property of being symmetric, the conclusion holds. (3) The upshot of these is that the map: Orthogonal matrices× Symmetric matrices → GL(n, R) given by (X, Y ) 7→ X exp(Y ) is surjective. It is in fact a set-theoretic bijection. In particular, if we restrict to special orthogonal matrices, we get all elements of GL(n, R). c ©Vipul Naik, B.Sc. (Hons) Math and C.S., Chennai Mathematical Institute. 1 (4) The above map is continuous. Hence, if we are able to show that SO(n, R) is connected, we can also show that GL(n, R) is connected. The proof that SO(n, R) is connected follows from the fact that every element of SO(n, R) ca nbe written in block form with each block looking like ( cos θ sin θ − sin θ cos θ ) . Since each of these blocks can be obtained from the identity by moving the parameter θ from 0 to 1, the given matrix is connected to the identity. Since any conjugate of an element connected to the identity is also connected to the identity, every element is in the connected component of the identity. In the complex numbers, every invertible matrix is a product of a unitary matrix and a positive definite matrix (for a Hermitian inner product). Thus, a similar argument to the previous one shows that GL(n, C) is connected. 1.4. Lie groups and linear Lie groups. The abstract notion of Lie group (which we shall not dwell upon here) is as a differential manifold with a group structure that is "compatible" in the sense that the multiplication and inversion maps are smooth. Linear Lie groups are thus very special cases of Lie groups. The natural question is: under what conditions can an abstract Lie group be treated as a linear Lie group? Fact 1. Every compact Lie group can be treated as a linear Lie group. Thus, as far as compact Lie groups are concerned, there is no loss of generality in assuming linearity. 1.5. The exponential map. We had seen the exponential map earlier. Let us now consider it formally: exp : M(n) → GL(n) is defined as follows: exp(X) = I + X + X 2! + X 3! . . . Some observations: (1) The series for exp(X) is absolutely convergent, so there is no problem about rearranging the terms when manipulating the exponential series (2) exp(X) exp(−X) = 1 follows by just considering the series product and observing that the manipulations we do for real numbers are equally valid here because the series is absolutely convergent. Hence, in particular, exp(X) is in GL(n, R). (3) exp(A + B) = exp(A) exp(B) whenever A and B commute (multiplicatively). (4) The Jacobian of the exponential map at the origin is the identity n × n matrix. From the Inverse Function Theorem, we now have: Fact 2. There exists a neighbourhood U1 of the origin in M(n) and U2 of the identity matrix in GL(n) such that the exponential map, restricted to U1, is a smooth (C∞) diffeomorphism from U1 to U2. Definition (Lie algebra of a Lie group). Let G be a linear Lie group. The Lie algebra of G, denoted by g, is defined as the subset of M(n) comprising elements X with the property that exp(tX) is in G for every t ∈ R. It is clear that exp(tX) commute with each other, and in fact they form a one-parameter group inside GL(n) (a homomorphic image of R). This can also be viewed as a curve in GL(n), in which case X can be viewed as a tangent direction to the curve. 2 Theorem 1 (Lie algebra is a Lie algebra). If G is a linear Lie group and g is its Lie algebra, then: (1) g is a vector space over R (2) Whenever x, y ∈ g, xy − yx ∈ g Combining the above two statements, g is a Lie algebra over R (3) There is a neighbourhood U1 of 0 in g and U2 of the identity in g, such that the exponential map defines a diffeomorphism from U1 to U2. In fact, U1 and U2 can be taken as the intersections with g and G of tyhe neighbourhoods corresponding to M(n) and GL(n) respectively. We shall prove this theorem later. The significance of this result is that it makes G into a differential manifold where the exponential map serves as a coordinate chart. Definition (Dimension of a Lie group). The dimension(defined) of a linear Lie group is defined as the real dimension of its Lie algebra. Note that this is the same as its dimension as a differential manifold, because the Lie algebra is the vector space containing coordinate charts for the Lie group. 2. More on the exponential map 2.1. Simple properties of the exponential map. This includes properties we have already seen and properties we will see for the first time: (1) exp(0) = I (2) exp(−A) = (exp(A))−1 (3) If A and B commute, exp(A + B) = exp(A) exp(B) (4) exp(A) = exp(A) (5) exp(PAP−1) = P exp(A)P−1, that is, the exponential commutes with inner automorphisms (6) If λis are the eigenvalues for A, ei are the eigenvalues for exp(A). (7) If A is upper triangular, so is exp(A) (8) log is defined in a suitable neighbourhood of the identity, by:


In the present paper, we discuss some inclusion relations between certain subclasses of k-fold symmet- ric functions with fractional powers. Their several interesting and important consequences along with some examples are then discussed.


Aperture Domain Model Image REconstruction (ADMIRE) is an advanced ultrasound beamforming method that uses a model-based approach to suppress sources of acoustic clutter and improve ultrasound image quality. However, it requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem for which regularization is utilized. As a result, the iterative nature of solving this problem is computationally expensive, and the choice of regularization bounds the fidelity of the obtained solution. Therefore, in this work, we pose ADMIRE as a sparse coding problem and unfold the iterations of the iterative shrinkage and thresholding algorithm (ISTA), training it end to end to yield learned ISTA (LISTA). This enables effective tailoring of the solver to the specific data distribution and task at hand, while enjoying higher data efficiency and robustness than generic deep learning methods. Evaluation of our proposed method on both simulated cyst data and in vivo liver data demonstrates its potential to outperform conventional ADMIRE.


In this work, the synthesis of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-N,N-di -n-propyl-1H-benz[g]indol-7-amine (1) is described. This compound was designed as an indole bioisostere to the known dopamine receptor agonist 5-OH-aminotetraline 2. The key step of the synthesis was a Mukaiyama type aldol condensation between the dimethyl acetal of 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)pyrrole-3-acetaldehyde (4) and 4-di-n-propylamino-1-trimethylsilyloxycyclohexene (8) followed by cycloaromatization to afford 1-p-toluenesulfonyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-N,N-di-n- propyl-1H-benz[g]indol-7-amine (10). Scission of the sulfonamide bond in 10 gave the target compound 1. A byproduct which was isolated was assigned to the structure of 1-(p-toluenesul-fonyl)-6-[3-[1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)]pyrrolyl]indole (11). This compound was also synthesized in good yield by an acid catalyzed dimerization of the dimethyl acetal of 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl)pyrrole-3-acetaldehyde (4). Preliminary screening of 1 indicated that it possesses central dopamine receptor agonist properties.


Slug and bailer tests are being used increasingly to evaluate the hydraulic properties of "tight" geologic units. Although these pulse methods of stressing a system are used typically only on single wells, the repeated pulse method described here stresses the system in the same manner, but the response is measured in observation wells. This type of pulse test yields much the same information as conventional pumping tests, but it is easier to perform in very low permeability units.

The observation well response hydrographs are analyzed by curve-matching techniques. In general, a unique set of type curves must be computed for each pulse test. These type curves are computed easily if the pulsed well is treated as a line-source (or sink). The accuracy of the value of transmissivity (T) determined from the line-source type curves compared to using the finite-diameter well solution depends both on the pulsed well radius (rc) and the time interval between pulses (Δt). If TΔt/rc2 is maintained greater than 50, then T determined from the line-source solution will be within 25% of that determined from more accurate, but computationally inconvenient, finite-diameter well type curves.

The repeated-pulse test technique was applied to an experimental well array completed in the Conasauga Shale Formation at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Values of transmissivity determined by the repeated-pulse method agreed well with the results of slug tests performed on each well individually, and in addition, provided information on storage coefficients and anisotropy at the site.


Ubiquilin‐2 (UBQLN2) is a protein quality control protein involved primarily in shuttling ubiquitinated substrates to the proteasome for degradation and by modulating autophagy. UBQLN2 has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease due to its accumulation in neuropathological deposits and its potential role in regulating protein dyshomeostasis common across different neurodegenerative disorders. The relationship of UBQLN2 to one of the most common aggregating proteins in disease, tau, is unknown.


A proposed method that can be applied to light sources illuminating toward the center of the sensor with limited divergence is estimating the light source position using a single line image from the linear-type sensor.


Ice mantles that formed on top of dust grains are photoprocessed by the secondary ultraviolet (UV) field in cold and dense molecular clouds. UV photons induce photochemistry and desorption of ice molecules. Experimental simulations dedicated to ice analogs under astrophysically relevant conditions are needed to understand these processes. We present UV-irradiation experiments of a pure CO2 ice analog. Calibration of the QMS allowed us to quantify the photodesorption of molecules to the gas phase. This information was added to the data provided by the FTIR on the solid phase to obtain a complete quantitative study of the UV photoprocessing of an ice analog. Experimental simulations were performed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. Ice samples were deposited onto an infrared transparent window at 8K and were subsequently irradiated with a microwave-discharged hydrogen flow lamp. After irradiation, ice samples were warmed up until complete sublimation was attained. Photolysis of CO2 molecules initiates a network of photon-induced chemical reactions leading to the formation of CO, CO3 ,O2 , and O3 . During irradiation, photon-induced desorption of CO and, to a lesser extent, O2 and CO2 took place through a process called indirect desorption induced by electronic transitions (DIET), with maximum photodesorption yields (Ypd) of 1.2 x 10-2 molecules/incident photon , 9.3 x 10-4 molecules/incident photon , and 1.1 x 10-4 molecules/incident photon , respectively. Calibration of mass spectrometers allows a direct quantification of photodesorption yields instead of the indirect values that were obtained from infrared spectra in most previous works. Supplementary information provided by infrared spectroscopy leads to a complete quantification, and therefore a better understanding, of the processes taking place in UV-irradiated ice mantles.


We consider the space of graph connections (lattice gauge fields) which can be endowed with a Poisson structure in terms of a ciliated fat graph. (A ciliated fat graph is a graph with a fixed linear order of ends of edges at each vertex.) Our aim is however to study the Poisson structure on the moduli space of locally flat vector bundles on a Riemann surface with holes (i.e. with boundary). It is shown that this moduli space can be obtained as a quotient of the space of graph connections by the Poisson action of a lattice gauge group endowed with a Poisson-Lie structure. The present paper contains as a part an updated version of a 1992 preprint ITEP-72-92 which we decided still deserves publishing. We have removed some obsolete inessential remarks and added some newer ones.


Background Accuracy of implantation is a recognized prognostic factor for the long-term survival of TKA. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of component orientation and post-operative alignment of the leg following CT-based navigation-assisted TKA and to compare these parameters with those of a conventional surgical technique. Methods We retrospectively compared the alignment of 130 total knee arthroplasties performed with a CT-based navigation system with that of 130 arthroplasties done with a conventional alignment guide system. The knee joints were evaluated using full-length weight-bearing antero-posterior and lateral radiographs. Results The mean hip-knee-ankle angle, the frontal femoral component angle and the frontal tibial component angle were 180.7° (normal angle: 180.0°), 88.8° (90.0°) and 90.6°(90.0°), respectively, for the navigation-assisted arthroplasties and 180.9°(180.0°), 89.8°(90.0°) and 89.3°(90.0°), respectively, for conventional arthroplasties. The mean lateral femoral component angle and the femoral tibial component angle were 0.99° and 89.9°, respectively, for the navigation group and 2.62° and 88.5°, respectively, for the conventional group. All pre-operative leg axes of 10 outliers (HKA 183) in the navigation group were over 193°, while in the conventional group, 23 outliers' data were scattered. Conclusions Our retrospective study with randomly assigned cases (consecutive patients in two separate hospitals) demonstrates significant improvements in component positioning with the CT-based navigation system compared to the conventional alignment guide system. Furthermore, we found that when analyzing cases within each group with pre-operative hip-knee-ankle angles lower and equal 192°, no outliers were found in the navigation group indicating a high level of alignment accuracy in this group. However, in cases with pre-operative hip-knee-ankle angles larger or equal 193°, outliers were found in both groups and no significant difference between the two groups was observed (p = 0.24). A detailed analysis of the outlier cases in the navigation group revealed that the femoral component was placed in the varus position. We thought that pre-operative underestimation of osteophytes of the medial femoral condyle might have led to a lateral shift of the femoral component during its intra-operative placement and was one of the contributing factors causing lower alignment accuracy.


A cascaded-ring optical sensor with Vernier effect is demonstrated experimentally by using Si nanowires. The Vernier effect helps to obtain ultrahigh sensitivity. In order to enhance the sensitivity further, a suspended Si nanowire is used for the sensing ring by removing the SiO2 insulator underneath with a wet-etching process. The measurement result shows that the sensitivity Δλ/Δna of the demonstrated cascaded-ring optical sensor is up to 4.6×105 nm/RIU experimentally. The detection limit for the index change is about 4.8×10-6.


In this paper, we will describe how we used four course design concepts to develop two new courses that have been successful in exciting and motivating students. Our efforts to include motivation and excitement as course design parameters are tied to increasing importance being placed on retention rates, graduation rates, and student satisfaction with their college experience in recent years [2-3]. Faculty members are beginning to buy into the idea that retention rates and graduation rates must be improved in order to bring public accountability to the table in curriculum planning. Developing courses that are motivating and exciting will certainly help this cause. This is in contrast to the prior faculty beliefs that (1) it is not their responsibility to motivate and excite students, (2) students should be motivated by what the future will bring when they earn their degrees, and (3) should be excited by the course materials under the assumption that they chose their major based on interest.


In the Xiaoliugou copper-tungsten deposit,the upper part of the subsection of Zhulongguan group and the lower middle part of the upper section of Zhulongguan group are the main source of ore and ore-bearing bed.Skarnization limestone and amphibole-mica schist are the main host rock.The primary ore-control structure consists of "D" pattern quaquaversal structure,ring and radiating faults and the contact zone between rock mass and surrounding rocks.The hidden granite mass provides main ore and heat resource for mineralization.The cooperation factors mentioned above have supplied necessary geological conditions for tungsten mineralization.The quartz vein and scheelite ususlly parageneses with impregnation chalcopyrite and pyrite.The wall-rock alterations are universal,and the alteration can be divided from the center of tungsten body to the outside just like the following:skarnization and marbleization→silication and pyritization→chloritization→carbonation→sericitization.Tungsten and copper bodies will be found when panned sample abnormality is greater than 0.05%,tungsten content in secondary halo greater than 500×10 -6 ,tungsten content in primary halo greater than 500×10 -6 ,copper content in primary halo greater than 1 000×10 -6 .


The soil reaction of the monopile foundation subjected to lateral loading in offshore wind turbines is typically assessed relying on p-y curves advocated by API. However, this method is inadequate for gradually increasing monopile diameters and significantly underestimates the lateral soil confinement. In the present works, a 3D pile-soil interaction finite element model was first established, considering the soil suction and strain hardening characteristics for the normally consolidated clay in China's sea. Modifications to the p-y curves in API were accomplished in the comparative process between the lateral soil resistance-displacement curves retrieved from the finite element model and the representative expression. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy for the corrected p-y curves has been proved by forecasting the monopile lateral bearing capacity with varying length-to-diameter ratios, which also demonstrates that the modified p-y curves could successfully reflect the lateral soil confinement of the normally consolidated clay and flexible piles. It also provides an approach to assess the deformation response and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of monopiles with different length-to-diameter ratios.


The switching characteristics of a thyratron-switched low pressure N2 laser was studied. Under optimal conditions +or-100 ps short-term shot-to-shot jitter was achieved. Using an active feedback loop, +or-230 ps long-term stability of switching time was obtained. The results can also be used in designing excimer lasers.


Since the beginning of the transition, Serbia has been trying to include the public sector in that process. Although efforts have been made to restructure public companies, the situation is still unsatisfactory and this sector has remained mostly untransformed and ineffective. The public sector has a high share in the formation of the country's gross social product, has large assets and employs one third of the total number of employees. Although state-owned enterprises have huge assets and have a monopoly position on the market, they generally operate at a loss. Realized losses indicate that the very large resources of the country are poorly managed. Due to the vital importance of state enterprises for the economic development of the country, it is necessary to implement structural reforms and make these enterprises become generators of development.


Extended abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
 Remote and inaccessible rural unlike the rural adjacent to large cities which benefit from the effects of population density and suburbanize, traditionally have to rely on their own internal resources and they do not have any opportunity for attracting urban population. At the same time, some of villages are at a higher level due to the presence of natural capacities and the availability of open space for leisure and recreation without any stressful factors, and therefore are interested for diversity of outlooks, relaxation and meditation. Similarly, under different circumstances, different perspectives of demographic changes can be found, along with stagnation, dynamism can be observed. In fact, the experiences of life and rurality are significantly different between individuals and society (however, if we have similar and homogeneous situations spatially). This is rooted in a set of cultural and social characteristics that bring residential preferences and expectations and, consequently, demographic movements. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the plurality and diversity of remote rural areas (micro level) in relation to immigration motives and demographic movements based on different routine lives of local residents and various moral and cultural discourses in societies, and control the preferences of individuals in choosing the location.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
With the expansion of communications and information technology, we see not only tourists, but also permanent residents of urban areas in remote rural which has led to new jobs and, consequently, population growth. However, in some places, as well as in the past, there is a continuing decline in population and movements to the benefit of urban areas. Accordingly, focusing on rural discourses and representations is highlighted in recent rural studies as part of the cultural turn and portrays the importance of rural redevelopment, the movement from produce space and consumption space for audiences. Although all the studies have been directed alongside the "cultural turn", there is a clear difference in the applied methods: to prevent the imposition of different guidelines and conflicting claims of the concepts of Frows rurality (1998), three major discourse streams with themes agricultural-rural, benefit-driven and hedonism have been identified. In addition, in recent years, Lopez-i- Glate (2009) has identified four major groups of rurality discourses such as environmentalism, entrepreneurship, agriculture, and endogenous development, which are the source of many research on demographic dynamics in rural areas.
3. METHODOLOGY
The analytical strategy in this research is a socio-cultural background and a qualitative methodology, and, most of all, in this paper, "case study based grounded theory", multiple representations of rurality in relation to population movements and residential decisions. This technique contributes to combining and creating an equivalence between the complex dimensions of research namely, the knowledge of the researcher and how to communicate with local residents, events and events in the area, systematic observations (cultural dynamics), and semi-structured interviews on the (moral) status of the residents.
Extracting the ethical and cultural discourses related to different prospect of demographic changes in the present research is carried out through the principles embodied in the Q methodology: The general objective of this method is to study the "personal perspectives, concepts and beliefs" of the people.
4. DISCUSSION
The mentality obtained by the Q methodology acknowledges that despite the spatial and geographical similarities of rural settlements in the Shirvan County, two different social and ethical discourses have been formed in Sarhad/ Ghooshkhaneh and the central part, and on this basis, there are differences in the prospects of the population. The mentality identified at Sarhad/ Ghooshkhaneh are more aligned with traditional and historical identities. There is a great demand for maintaining economic and social structures, namely grazing livestock in the rangeland at first, and second, farming by local residents. In contrast, the public policy of the country's economic development has limited the use of rangelands due to limited environmental sensitivities and attempts to transform the herd and sheep economy into livestock production, both industrially and lividly. On the other hand, the agricultural sector should be transformed from the secondary activity to main economic pillar of the region and in some cases it will provide most of the financial needs of the rural household. These imposed identities are a controversial area, and in the light of our social economic disparities, we experienced the increasing withdrawal of labor in Sarhad/ Ghooshkhaneh for the benefit of other economic sectors, especially urban ones. On the other hand, the expansion of the agricultural sector is not accompanied by the general popularity of local people and is limited to women's households. It should be said that the continuous decline of the population is not entirely focused on the subject of identified mentality, and other realities in everyday life can manipulate villagers' decisions to stay or not.
5. CONCLUSION
In the conclusion, the macro-rural development patterns are emerged from local micro practices. The rural is merely an integral part of a community that is linked to a set of cultural, social, and moral characteristics before being examined by agricultural and productive activities or entrepreneurial initiatives. It is predicted that rural settlements are based on the principles of past developmental patterns of the emerging and new demands of local residents (due to extensive changes), as well as the destructive effects of local micro practices are in executive initiatives. So that, improving the quality of rural life became a complex problem, and development prospects are not accepted locally, and people are alien to them. On the other hand, the rural community has turned to conservatism and use motivational mechanisms, while does not deceive the plans of the construction companies and pursues their own cultural and moral interests.


This paper presents an approach for multifrequency eddy current testing based on special waveform excitation signals. Digital processing of received signals provides data for experimental hodographs of a "sensor – testing sample" system. Hodographs for the testing of samples of aluminum materials with an applied dielectric layer demonstrates the reliability of the proposed approach. The application of principal component analysis improves the identification and differentiation of testing parameters. The obtained results can be used in systems for nondestructive testing of metallic materials and products.


Pretend play is an important skill that fosters creativity, language, and representational skills, but children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) do not display high levels of this play (Hobson, Lee & Hobson, 2009). The present study aimed to qualitatively compare the pretend play of children with ASD and Typically Developing (TD) children in order to gain insight into possible differences. A class with both children with ASD and TD children was observed through their daily morning schedule. The study utilized participant observations and the event-sampling of pretend play. The study found that children with ASD primarily display social imitative play, while TD children prefer to engage in make-believe play. Children with ASD did not show creative substitution, unlike TD children. Children with ASD also did not display attachment to their pretend play, while TD children were prideful and satisfied after engaging in pretend play. Children with ASD maintained neutral expressions during pretend play, as opposed to TD children's expressed positivity. The results imply that more attention should be given to these areas to foster more creativity and the development of higher-level pretend play.


Excimer-laser-induced ablation has been used to produce surface structuring of various metals. Such structuring contributed to a 5-15% enhancement of the bonding strength of these metals when a commercial adhesive was used.


The present paper aims to investigate the function of the dog-headed image of Saint Christopher among the Romanian Orthodox representations of the 18th century. The research will address the relationship between the existing zoomorphic representations and a new hagiography created by the popular lore, which circulated in Wallachia after 1700. This legend converted the monstrous ugliness of the hagiographic hero into his voluntary relinquishment of physical beauty, a semantic change intended to stress Saint Christopher's virtue. The article will focus on the role of this unusual visual representation within the religious edifice, as well as on the saint's exemplarity which operates in triggering the contemplation of Christian virtues


A simple and efficient iterative method for the removal of superimposed reflections caused by a stroke tower from digitally recorded lightning flash currents is presented. The method has been demonstrated on several typical cases and the reliability of input data is discussed. The method is extended to the estimation of lightning channel surge impedance, completing lightning current data independently of stroke tower parameters. Complete data of a lightning source model for the transient analysis of lightning strokes to electric power systems may be estimated in this way. The method also enables comparison of lightning data obtained by measurements on both short and very tall towers.


OBJECTIVE
Aggressive behavior in dementia is a major clinical management problem.

METHOD
Postmortem brain tissue was obtained from 24 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and 25 comparison cases. [3H] Prazosin binding to alpha1-AdR was determined.

RESULTS
Aggressive behavior was significantly correlated with alpha1-adrenoceptor number in patients with AD (R(s)=0.454, N=24). Furthermore, patients receiving ongoing neuroleptics had significantly higher Bmax for [3H] prazosin (21 +/- 2, N=9) than those who were not (16 +/- 1, N=15).

CONCLUSIONS
Upregulation of alpha1-AdR is associated with aggressive behavior and chronic treatment with neuroleptic medication.


1. Growth rate, laying traits, food intake and food conversion efficiency of laying hens were compared in several experiments on pairs of full or half sibs one of which was a pea‐comb bird (Pp), the other single‐comb (pp). 2. There was a slight but significant depressing effect associated with the Pp genotype on 8‐week weight of chicks and body weight of laying hens in some populations. 3. Pea‐comb hens showed a reduction of about 2% in food consumption, independent of the effects on body weight and egg production, and we suggest that with the smaller size of comb and wattles for Pp hens, heat losses and hence energy requirements are less. 4. Appetite seemed to be more depressed at high ambient temperature in birds of the Pp genotype.


In many adaptive optical systems the standard wave front sensing and reconstruction process involves a conventional least squares reconstruction of gradient measurements obtained from a Shack-Hartman wave front sensor (WFS). This reconstruction algorithm assumes the WFS measurements are equal to the average phase gradient within each subaperture. However, this assumption does not account for the effects of scintillation in the wave front. As scintillation increases, intensity fluctuations in the wave front increase the disparity between the output of the WFS and what the reconstruction algorithm expects, which in turn causes a degradation in the performance of the reconstructor. We present an algorithm that attempts to mitigate the scintillation problem by reconstructing the real and imaginary components of the wave front using gradient and intensity information obtained from a Shack-Hartmann WFS. This algorithm estimates the wave front by inverting a more precise model of the WFS measurement process. Wave optics simulations over a variety of atmospheric conditions are used to compare the performance of our algorithm against a least squares reconstructor and a complex exponential reconstructor.


We present a generalization of a model that takes into account the magnetic disorder of paramagnetic host with interstitial point defects towards the case of alloy hosts. In the framework of disordered local moment approach combined with magnetic sampling method, we calculate solution enthalpy of carbon impurity in the paramagnetic fcc Fe-Mn steels. First, we use the magnetic special quasirandom structure (M-SQS) method for simulation of the paramagnetic state in Fe-Mn alloys without impurity. Here, Fe and Mn atoms are randomly distributed at the sites of a supercell following the chemical SQS method. Next, to calculate the energies for various magnetic realizations around the interstitial carbon impurity, we vary the position of the impurity within the SQS. Our calculations show that in alloys containing $\ensuremath{\sim}20$ at. % Mn, the solution enthalpy of carbon reduces compared to the pure fcc-Fe. By analyzing the local and global effects of impurity on the properties of the matrix, we discuss various factors that could increase the carbon solubility in high-manganese austenitic steels.


Flood risk is increasing in many areas, due to an increase of the flood hazard caused by land use changes in the catchment and climatic changes as well as due to the increasing vulnerability by allocating human goods into the floodplains. As a result of this, a number of places in Europe have been affected by serious floods since the mid-1990s. Especially affected have been regulated stretches of large rivers, thus proving that only technical flood protection is not effective enough. In response to these disasters, many countries have initiated flood control programmes, which combine civil-engineering measures, such as dam construction and developing flood reservoirs or "polders", with river basin planning, aimed at the reduction of run-off from catchment areas. In evaluation of these measures, there is a common agreement that we should "keep water where it falls", i.e. within the catchment area [Kundzewicz, Menzel, this issue]. At the same time, there is more and more evidence that certain technical interventions seriously disturb natural river dynamics and lead to a degradation of natural ecosystems and a loss of biotic diversity. Recently, scientists and stakeholders are becoming aware that floodplains also offer exciting opportunities for simultaneously decreasing the risk of floods and allowing the development of natural habitats. The creation of ecological flood defences may help to restore the biodiversity in the floodplain [Maltby, Blackwell, this issue]. Methods of combining flood control with natural habitat protection formed the main focus of the International Conference "Ecoflood: towards natural flood reduction strategies", held in Warsaw (6–13 September 2003) as a milestone of the EU-funded research project "ECOFLOOD" (http://www.ecoflood.org). During the symposium one hundred and twenty-four participants from nineteen countries discussed the prospect of using floodplains for storing and/or discharging flood water. The subject was examined from the perspectives of hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry, ecology, ecological restoration and conservation, sociology and economy. In the wake of the conference, scientific papers have been prepared for publication in special editions of three journals. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology [Vol. 5, No 1, 2005] publishes the results of the ecological research on the natural values of the floodplains and possibilities ways to restore them. The Journal of Water and Land Development [Vol. 8, 2004] presents papers concerned with specific subjects of hydrology and water management, whereas the present volume of the Journal of River Basin Management contains multidisciplinary papers on natural flood protection strategies at river basin scale and provides the overall conceptual context to the issues addressed in the other two journals. The present volume opens with papers introducing the concept of natural flood protection strategies from the perspective of the hydrological sciences and water management policies (the already mentioned reviews by Kundzewicz and Menzel, and by Maltby and Blackwell). This is followed by an analysis of the recent developments of the sectoral flood policy in Europe by Dworak and Gorlach. All these authors conclude that an integration of nature conservation and flood protection functions of floodplains needs to be a key part of developing water management policies. This recommendation is further strengthened by Morris et al., who demonstrates the socio-economic advantages of such an approach, based on examples from the United Kingdom. The remaining papers are rather case studies, in which prospects for non-structural flood protection and floodplain restoration are analysed in particular geographical and ecological settings. Hydrological modelling is one of the standard methods for assessing the future hydrological functioning of restored floodplains, as shown by Kreis et al. on a mountainous river in France. Another means of planning restoration programmes is by looking at historical reference data, as in the Austrian Danube restoration project, described by Hohensinner et al. Finally, a complete system of non-structural flood mitigation is presented for a small mountainous river system, showing the influence of various small structures distributed throughout the catchment on slowing down the water flow. In our view, the papers in the present volume of IJRBM once again support the notion that only the cooperation of experts from different scientific fields allows us to achieve the required new vision on integrating flood mitigation with ecological restoration, protection of biodiversity and other functions of river valleys.


In past ten years the world of retailing has changed dramatically due to changes to consumer consumption, product saturation and most of all to technology improvements. Retailers have to operate in environment that fluctuates among different challenges that global economy puts on their way of doing business. Also global economy and internationalization of business reduced dependence on home markets and mood swing of domestic consumers. Needless to say attractiveness of foreign-new markets and its possibilities of growth. But unfamiliar and unpredictable territory has its treats and risk. In our paper we are focused on analysis of the strategies that retailers have as option when their wont to internationalize their business. Analysis of theoretical aspects of retail internationalization, and also of motives that shift retailers operations and attention from domestic toward unfamiliar markets are also given. The question for new analysis or research is put is there the best entry strategy for retailers or is it a mix of skill, experience and luck?


The main purpose of this work is to describe and explain the instauration process and development in the wine field in the brazilian state of Sao Paulo. The ...


ABSTRACT This study assesses climate change impacts on the hydrological regime of a river basin and its implications for future irrigation water availability in the Koshi River basin using RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 over short-term (2016-2045), mid-century (2036-2065) and end-of-century (2071-2100) periods. Average flow in the Koshi River is projected to increase. Projections of average minimum monthly river flow suggest that the areas of winter wheat and monsoon paddy rice could be increased. However, the planting period of paddy rice should be delayed by one month (July to August) to capture the expected increased water availability in the river.


In this paper, the authors continue the investigation of P colonies introduced in Kelemen, KelemenovAi, and Paun (2004). This paper examines a class of abstract computing devices composed of independent agents, acting and evolving in a shared environment. The first part is devoted to the P colonies of the capacity one. The authors present improved results concerning the computational power of the P colonies with capacity one and without using checking programs. The second part of the paper examines the modularity of the P colonies. The authors then divide the agents into modules.


Objective To investigate the clinical and pathology characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of Aggressive Angiomyxoma(AAM).Methods A retrospective study was made of 12 patients with AAM,who were hospitalized at Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University between 2006 and 2013.Those patients' clinical and pathology characteristics,diagnosis and treatments are analyzed respectively.Results The patients ranged between 26 and 53(average 38.75).The patients with no obvious symptoms,firstly found masses gradually increases(vulva,pelvic cavity and buttocks 8 cases),secondly inspection found masses(3cases,icluding 2 cases had lower abdominal pain at the end),frequent micturition 1case.Enhanced CT and MRI can find"swirled"or"layered"specific structure.Stellate,oval or spindle-shaped tumor cells and matrix showed large amounts of mucus,dilated thin or thick wall vessel could be seen in the pathological section.All patients accept ed surgery,following up 7 cases,relapse-free,lost to follow-up 5 cases.Conclusion Although AAM were benign,AAM have a high recurrence rate after surgery,which should closely follow-up.The main treatment of AAM is surgery,GnRH-a can also be considered.


ABSTRACT The significant influence of the ground on the hypervelocity jet flow as well as the stability of the projectile cannot be discarded due to the intensity and the wide influence range. The present study examines two three-dimensional simulation models, one with the ground effects included and the other without, based on FLUENT software, using the finite volume method (FVM). The simulation models couple the FVM model with a standard k-ε turbulence model and unstructured dynamic grid based on the Local Remeshing method. An intermediate ballistic model and the six-degrees-of-freedom model are also utilized. For the 300-caliber 1730 m/s countermass propelling gun, two different flow phenomena, with and without the ground effects, were examined. The simulation results indicate that the effect of the ground surface on the jet flow and the projectile emerged gradually at 1.5 ms. The hypervelocity muzzle shock wave was reflected off the ground, creating a new shock-wave phenomenon in the opposite direction. The wave system interacted with the muzzle shock wave so that the pressure in the lower half of the domain was significantly higher than that in the upper half. This phenomenon produced a complete shock-wave surface. Shock waves at the ground produced a vortex, which gradually expanded and developed. The wavefront, which was formed by the ground reflection, led to a new wavefront, producing vortices at the wavefront and propagated towards the front and rear of the main shock wave. The hypervelocity jet flow twisted and generated a more complex wave system. The distorted gas jet caused the projectile to be disturbed, and the lift and torque were influenced so that the parameters such as the angular velocity of the rotation were changed.


In this paper we analyze the rate-distortion function R(D) achievable using linear codes over GF(q), where q is a prime number.


There are more than 135 years of experience behind Walker Industries Holdings Limited and our company has been strengthened by tradition while dedicated to progress. Company founder, John Walker, came to Canada from Scotland in the 1840's to seek a future in the New World. He trained and worked as a marble cutter, contributing his energy and skill to the building of the Niagara Peninsula. In 1875, John Walker started his own stone cutting business in the town of Merritton. Cutting stone with chisels and sheer strength, he helped construct the Merritton Town Hall, now a designated heritage building. In 1882, John Walker expanded the business into a family enterprise, bringing in his sons-William, John G. and David. The company was renamed John Walker & Sons and the legacy of Walker Industries began. In 1887, John turned the business over to his sons who acquired their first limestone quarry that same year, Walker Brothers Quarries, on leased land in Stamford Township. Cutting and quarrying construction stone was extremely hard, muscular work and its movement was difficult. Stone from the quarry was transferred via the Welland Canal to help build armories, churches and government buildings across Ontario, Quebec and New York State. Early on, construction stone was hauled by horses and cart across to Niagara Falls, New York for a meager 40 cents a ton. No matter how carefully construction stone was cut, wastage through cracks was inevitable, however an important use for this limestone waste was found in paper mills that used the sulphite process. Canada's first sulphite mill was built in nearby Merritton, then a separate town in Niagara and the company began shipping " one man rubble " , pieces of stone a man could carry, usually weighing between 50 to 70 pounds in weight. This product was used to provide the solution in which wood was cooked, to free fibres for papermaking. By 1905 the company progressed to supply a new and expanding market: crushed stone to construct efficient roadways. The company's first crusher, powered by steam and with a daily output of 200 tons, was completed that same year. It processed stone too small for paper mills and involved intensive, hard labour. Stone chips were loaded onto rail cars manually, at a rate of 19 cents per ton. The oldest ledgers for the company date back to 1905, when crushed stone was sold to Newman Brothers …


With the intensity of anti-corruption work constantly increasing,as accounting staffs who work on the economic front,whose professional ethics building has also been referred to the schedule of anti-corruption work.Analyzing from the occurrence process of a number of corruption cases,not strict or directly involved in committing crime are the directly or indirectly reasons to cause some cases occurred.So it is very important to strengthen the construction of accounting professional ethics and improve the political and professional qualities of accounting staffs.


For unsolvable generalized equations with monotone mappings on the left side the notion of approximative roots is introduced. The (existence) theorems are proved and numerical methods for finding approximative solutions are proposed. The application areas are the analysis of contradictory models of optimization, game theory, economic equilibrium, etc.


Objective To determine the pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers following intravenous administration of lansoprazole.Methods A three-way crossover Latin square design was applied.Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to administer a single dose of lansoprazole at 15,30 and 60 mg,respectively.Wash-out period lasted a week.The concentration of lansoprazole in human plasma was determined by HPLC-UV.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS Ver 2.1.Results The pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole fit a two-compartment open model.The main parameters of a single dose were as follows(low,medium,and high):t1/2(1.76±1.43),(1.21±0.4)and(1.86±1.29)h;Cmax(0.92±0.33),(2.05±0.59)and(4.04±0.55)μg·mL-1;AUC0-10h(3.41±2.14),(6.25±3.55)and(11.65±5.96)h·μg·mL-1;AUC0-∞(7.67±6.37),(9.21±7.13)and(14.68±10.01)μg·h·mL-1;V(5.95±5.18),(6.32±3.74)and(5.26±6.03)L;CL(3.98±4.38),(4.81±2.18)and(5.43±2.43)L·h-1 respectively.Conclusion The process of lansoprazole in the dosage range of 15-60 mg fits the linear dynamic feature.There are great inter-individual variations in the metabolism of lansoprazole in humans due to the close relation with the gene polymorphism of CYP2C19,which should be personalized when taking medicine.


Highway administrators and engineers are faced with a continuing challenge from a variety of sources. You all know the " engineers with bulldozers" theme. By this, there is created an image of the highway man destroying all that stands in the way of the laying of broad swaths of pavement in some geometric pattern that satisfies the scientific urge of the engineer but violates the treasured esthetic and historic values of our land. Then we have representatives of other governmental functional agencies who look with envy on the highway agencies because of their huge highway fund budgets. While the judgments of representatives of such agencies may be more fair than those who play on the " engineers with bulldozers" theme, they none the less raise a specter of concrete vs. bread, or new bridges vs. education, in the interests of diverting highway funds to other purposes. A challenge quite in contrast with those I have mentioned is pro voked by the questioning of progress in meeting highway needs and carrying forward authorized programs— particularly the Interstate System program. Some states and selected areas in states have been pointed out as lagging in completion of the Interstate System. In some instances the competence of highway agencies has been questioned and the historic Federal-state relationship criticized. There have been suggestions for substituting full-scale Federal responsibility for the Interstate System, a most unpalatable suggestion to those who have taken pride in the accomplishments under the BPR-state highway department partnership. There are challenges, too, from those who view the tremendously expanding urban areas as requiring transportation facilities of a differ ent sort than freeways. These interests want highway money for sup port of mass transit. It is implied that the urban transportation problem


Plants produce a variety of compounds with diverse structure and abundance that play an important role in the development, growth and response to the environment. Metabolomics involves studies of a great number of metabolites, which are small molecules present in biological systems.Metabolite profiles can be obtained from several samples by LC/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry). However, the large number of ions detected for each run from different treatments and replicates require automatic processing for both spectra (metabolite identification and quantification) and global analysis of the metabolome. Thus, this protocol describes in detail, step-by-step, the comparison of the metabolite profiles from LC/MS data for determination of dysregulated pathways, as well as for Exploratory Statistical and Functional Enrichment Analyzes.


he paper reviewed the trending topic of climate change. It x-rayed its causes, T progression and effects on our environment, especially as it affects indoor thermal comfort in buildings in south eastern Nigeria. The paper agreed to facts from scholars on the issue that our globe has been going through a warming period, and that the action is most likely to continue. Climate change was concluded to be responsible for present environmental degradation in our societies, especially those arising from increase in temperature, ocean surge, desert encroachment acid rain and heat stroke to mention a few. These unholy occurrences have left sad memories in our minds and environments, and should be discouraged. The paper assessed the thermal effects on buildings especially in south eastern states of Nigeria, and called on architects and other professionals in the challenge and come up with architectural solutions that will ameliorate presently felt thermal discomfort in buildings and bring sustainable healing thermal healing in indoors of our buildings. The paper then enumerated architectural design and developmental guidelines that will lead to reduced in indoorheating, and attainment of acceptable thermal comfort status.


This paper examines the problem of classifying linguistic objects on the basis of information encoded in the system network formalism developed by Halliday. It is shown that this problem is NP-hard, and a restriction to the formalism, which renders the classification problem soluble in polynomial time, is suggested. An algorithm for the unrestricted classification problem, which separates a potentially expensive second stage from a more tractable first stage, is then presented.


Purpose
Purpose of this study is to classify the states of Markov Chain for the implementation of Markov Password for effective security. Password confirmation is more often required in all authentication process, as the usage of computing facilities and electronic devices have developed hugely to access networks. Over the years with the increase in numerous Web developments and internet applications, each platform needs ID and password validation for individual users.

Design/methodology/approach
In the technological development of cloud computing, in recent times, it is facing security issues. Data theft, data security, denial of service, patch management, encryption management, key management, storage security and authentication are some of the issues and challenges in cloud computing. Validation in user login authentications is generally processed and executed by password. To authenticate universally, alphanumeric passwords are used. One of the promising proposed methodologies in this type of password authentication is Markov password. Markov passwords – a rule-based password formation are created or generated by using Markov chain. Representation of Markov password formation can be done by state space diagram or transition probability matrix. State space classification of Markov chain is one of the basic and significant properties. The objective of this paper is to classify the states of Markov chain to support the practice of this type of password in the direction of effective authentication for secure communication in cloud computing. Conversion of some sample obvious password into Markov password and comparative analysis on their strength is also presented in this paper. Analysis on strength of obvious password of length eight has shown range of 7%–9% although the converted Markov password has shown more than 82%. As an effective methodology, this password authentication can be implemented in cloud portal and password login validation process.

Findings
The objective of this paper is to classify the states of Markov chain to support the practice of this type of password in the direction of effective authentication for secure communication in cloud computing. Conversion of some sample obvious password into Markov password and comparative analysis on their strength is also presented in this paper.

Originality/value
Validation in user login authentications is generally processed and executed by password. To authenticate universally, alphanumeric passwords are used. One of the promising proposed methodologies in this type of password authentication is Markov password.


Rubus parvifolius L. and R. coreanus Miq. are two morphologically distinct, endemic wild bramble species in East Asia.The two species are sympatric in southwest of China. Natural hybrids between R. parvifolius and R. coreanus do generally occur. In this study, chromosomal, palynological, RAPD and ISSR markers were developed to identify R. parvifolius, R. coreanus and their putative hybrids. UPGMA model-based clustering of the genetic data indicated that two genetic units existed in these populations. One contained twenty-one accessions, mainly characterized by R. parvifolius and R. coreanus with typical morphological features ("pure").The other was composed of sixteen accessions, which shared an intermediate morphology with the R. parvifolius and R. coreanus ("hybrid"). These results showed obvious genetic differentiation between their potential parents and among individuals of hybrids themselves in the long evolutionary history by several hybridization events. A triploid accession R03-10 (2n=3x=21), was identified as a probable natural hybrid of R. parvifolius and R. coreanus based on morphological, chromosomal and palynological identifications. The species R. parvifolius, an important resource involved in the hybridization, multipolyploidization and speciation of the genus Rubus, is discussed.


The response of potentiometric anion selective electrodes consisting of undoped GaN or In0.2Ga0.8N films grown on Al2O3 (sapphire) was measured in electrolyte solutions of F−, NO3−, Cl−, SCN−, ClO4− or Br− anions at concentrations ranging from 10−6 to 10−1 M. The slope of the linear regions varied between −32.8 and −51.9 mV/decade for the GaN electrode and between −31.0 and −72.0 mV/decade for the In0.2Ga0.8N electrode. The drift of the GaN electrode reached 1.57 mV/day in KNO3 solutions, whereas the drift of the In0.2Ga0.8N electrode could not be evaluated due to large drops in the slope of its linear range over time. Both electrodes were sensitive to pH variations over the pH range from 12.8 to 1.3. The GaN electrode surface could be electrochemically etched under anodic polarization; however, both GaN and In0.2Ga0.8N electrodes remained chemically stable and mechanically intact under open circuit conditions even after prolonged use.


This interdisciplinary review series provides an economic analysis of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court, the implicit or explicit economic reasoning employed by the Court, and the economic consequences of the Court's decisions.


As the increasing environmental impact of human activities, high energy consumption, low utilization, and high pollution electronic equipments are widely used. The environment encounters severe challenges. How to reduce the sabotage to the environment has become an important problem. Compiler is not only the foundational software, but also the most important tool for the software optimizations. Recently, many compilation optimization researches transform from traditional pure performance optimization into green optimization such as low power consumption, high resource utilization and high endurance. According to the conception of green and the characteristic of compiler, this paper proposes green compiler and its major optimization. Then, from the aspects of buses system, memory system and processor, this paper analyzes the existing compiler optimization methods for green purpose and illustrates some possible improving methods. Finally, this paper analyzes the compiler-directed methods for improving the efficiency of software test and reducing the overheads of software development. These contents can be a good fundamental for further green optimization based on compiler.


Ultra-wideband positioning systems intended for indoor applications often work in non-line of sight conditions, which result in insufficient precision and accuracy of derived localizations. One of the possible solutions is the implementation of cooperative positioning techniques. The following paper describes a cooperative ultra-wideband positioning system which calculates tag position from TDOA and distance between tags measurements. In the paper positioning system architecture is described and an exemplary transmission scheme for cooperative systems is presented. Considered localization system utilizes an Extended Kalman Filter based algorithm. The algorithm was investigated with simulations and experiments. Conducted experiment consisted in fusing results gathered from typical TDOA positioning system infrastructure and ranging results obtained with ultra-wideband radio modules. The research has shown that the use presented cooperative algorithm increases positioning precision.


The methods of finite time thermodynamics are applied to processes whose relaxation parameters are chemical rate coefficients within the working fluid. The direct optimization formalism used previously for heat engines with friction and finite heat transfer rates—termed the tricycle method—is extended to heat engines driven by exothermic reactions. The model is a flow reactor coupled by a heat exchanger to an engine. Conditions are established for the achievement of maximum power from such a system. Emphasis is on how the chemical kinetics control the finite‐time thermodynamic extrema; first order, first order reversible, and second order reaction kinetics are analyzed. For the types of reactions considered here, there is always a finite positive flow rate in the reactor that yields maximum engine power. Maximum fuel efficiency is always attained in these systems at the uninteresting limit of zero flow rate.


AIM:To detect the mitogenic activity of porcine platelet derived growth factor(pPDGF). METHODS:In the present experiment,the NIH 3T3 cells were cultured and the mitogenic activity of pPDGF were investigated with 3H TdR incorporation in cultured NIH 3T3 cells. RESULTS:pPDGF could stimulate DNA synthesis of quiescent NIH 3T3 cells in a concentration range of 1~30 ng/ml dose dependently,with a maximal response at a concentration of 30 ng/ml at 24 h. The mitogenic activity of pPDGF was destroyed with 2 mercaptoethanol. CONCLUSION:pPDGF had a strong mitogenic activity,but lost its biological activity with 2 mercaptoethanol.


This paper investigates the problem of robust ℋ∞ state estimation for a class of uncertain discrete-time piecewise affine systems where state space instead of measurable output space partitions are assumed so that the filter implementation may not be synchronized with plant state trajectory transitions. The objective is to design an admissible state estimator guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the resulting filtering error system with a prescribed ℋ∞ disturbance attenuation level. Based on a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function combined with S-procedure and some matrix inequality convexifying techniques, two different approaches are developed to the robust filtering design for the underlying piecewise affine systems. It is shown that the filter gains can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are numerically efficient with commercially available software. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


In a total of 142 experiments performed over a 3-year period, the amount of oxytocin released in response to vaginal distention was found to vary with the time of year. Stimulation increased plasma oxytocin by 41.7 ± 6.7 (SE) μU/ml in the 74 experiments performed during Dec-May, but by only 11.0 ± 2.2 u,U/ml in the 68 experiments performed during Jun-Nov. In the latter period, a high frequency of animals failed entirely to respond to distention. Hour-long infusions of estradiol (5-100 μg/hr) significantly potentiated oxytocin release in responsive animals but uniformly failed to activate the reflex in the 25 unresponsive cases tested. The relative frequency of animals responsive to distention appeared to have a sinusoidal distribution with annual period and a phase which followed that of the annual breeding cycle by about 4-5 months. An hypothetical explanation for this distribution in responsiveness, based partly upon the seasonally related, divergent effects of estradiol on oxytocin release is presented...


This essay will use current and historical advertisements by the British charity Barnardo's to analyse the representation of abused children. In particular, it will focus on the 1999–2003 campaigns to explore the connection between the experience of trauma, death and the photographic image in the context of a first world, Western preoccupation with the spectre of the missing, lost or abused child. It will consider the complex attempt to photographically capture the missing image, to invoke a subjective loss and to conjure up the accompanying wound of trauma. The Barnardo's adverts, like many charity adverts of abuse, attempt to show a traumatic past, that by its very nature as trauma, defeats easy representation. Trauma as an experience produces a crisis of representation. The traumatic event, with its radical disruption of psychic defences, results in an absence or gap in memory, knowledge and recall. The devastating event so overwhelms the senses that it produces a perpetual sense of "belated uncertainty" about "a truth to which there is no simple access" (Caruth 1995, p. 6). These photographs attempt to capture the dislocation of time and distortion of identity for the traumatised child. Whilst structurally they can be read for invoking a sense of aura or credibility as testimony, they do so in a digital age when the status of the "truth" of the photograph as evidence is called into doubt (Robins 1996). This dislocation of image from referent can be read for its parallels with the dislocating structures of trauma. As such they raise questions of the ethics of "spectral evidence" in a commercialised charity sector.


The utility model relates to heating heat-preserving tableware for people while dining, which can carry out heating or heat preservation for food inside the tableware by utilizing fire power and heat storage mediums (such as hot water) as well. The structure is divided into three parts: a (1) which is a heat-preserving upper cover, a (13) which is a heating furnace body, and a (6) which is a support bracket for dish plates. The support bracket can be placed on the heating furnace body, and can also be placed inside the heat-preserving upper cover. The utility model has the advantages of simple and compact structure and convenient operation, which is tableware with low price and fine quality suitable for household use.


We present an approach to efficient computation of performance indicators that can be used to select array beamforming directions for subsequent locally optimal detection processing. Previous results have shown that selection of beamforming directions that have minimum amplitude squared variance are good candidates for subsequent adaptive locally optimum signal processing. We present a novel and flexible method for computing the amplitude squared variance using the FFT, and we present some simulation results on the effectiveness and potential of this approach.<<ETX>>


We study the multicomputer performance of a three-dimensional Navier--Stokes solver based on alternating-direction line-relaxation methods. We compare several multicomputer implementations, each of which combines a particular line-relaxation method and a particular distributed block-tridiagonal solver. In our experiments, the problem size was determined by resolution requirements of the application. As a result, the granularity of the computations of our study is finer than is customary in the performance analysis of concurrent block-tridiagonal solvers. Our best results were obtained with a modified half-Gauss--Seidel line-relaxation method implemented by means of a new iterative block-tridiagonal solver that is developed here. Most computations were performed on the Intel Touchstone Delta, but we also used the Intel Paragon XP/S, the Parsytec SC-256, and the Fujitsu S-600 for comparison.


Urban planning and Atmosphere effect and restraint each other.Based on a study of atmospheric environment impacts in urban planning,this paper examines the relationships between atmospheric change and urban development,which helps to strengthen the scientific components of urban planning.This paper proposes urban planning solutions of atmospheric environmental problems based on historic data analysis and numerical simulation.In addition,discussion is held from the perspectives of functional zoing,disaster prevention and mitigation,ecological protection zones and densities in urban development.


Allen's rule posits that the appendages of endothermic organisms will be larger in warmer climates to allow for dumping of heat loads. Given a link between appendage size and climate, we tested the prediction that climate change has driven the evolution of larger bills in birds, resulting in measurable changes over the recent past.


To cultivate mechanical talents' three-dimensional digitalization design ability,we should construct the cultivation system from teachers,course system,teaching materials,teaching mode and practice etc.,make clear the teaching requirements,strengthen practical teaching,and cultivate comprehensive application ability.


Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The results of laboratory-scale simulators of landfill reactors treating municipal solid wastes were studied, the effect of solid waste size, leachate recirculation, nutrient balance, pH value, moisture content and temperature on the rate of municipal solid waste(MSW) biodegradation were determined, and it indicated the optimum pH value, moisture content and temperature can used to decompose MSW. The results of waste biodegradation were compared with that of the simulators of the leachate-recirculated landfill and conservative sanitary landfill. In the control experiment the antitheses of a decreasing trend of the organic load, measured as biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, was shown, and heavy metals concentration was observed. An obvious enhancement of effective disposal from simulator of conservative sanitary landfill(CSL), to that of leachate-recirculated landfill(LRL) and to that of conditioned bioreactor landfill(CBL) would be noted, through displaying the compared results of solid waste settlement, heavy metal concentration in leachate, methane production rate, biogas composition, BOD and COD as well as their ratio.


The recombinant protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx), a Drosophila melanogaster Hox transcription factor, self‐assembles in vitro into biocompatible materials that are remarkably extensible and strong. Here, it is demonstrated that the strength of Ubx materials is due to intermolecular dityrosine bonds. Ubx materials autofluoresce blue, a characteristic of dityrosine, and bind dityrosine‐specific antibodies. Monitoring the fluorescence of reduced Ubx fibers upon oxygen exposure reveals biphasic bond formation kinetics. Two dityrosine bonds in Ubx are identified by site‐directed mutagenesis followed by measurements of fiber fluorescence intensity. One bond is located between the N‐terminus and the homeodomain (Y4/Y296 or Y12/Y293), and another bond is formed by Y167 and Y240. Fiber fluorescence closely correlates with fiber strength, demonstrating that these bonds are intermolecular. This is the first identification of specific residues that participate in dityrosine bonds in protein‐based materials. The percentage of Ubx molecules harboring both bonds can be decreased or increased by mutagenesis, providing an additional mechanism to control the mechanical properties of Ubx materials. Duplication of tyrosine‐containing motifs in Ubx increases dityrosine content in Ubx fibers, suggesting these motifs could be inserted in other self‐assembling proteins to strengthen the corresponding materials.


Abstract : In the winter of 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland expecting a quick and easy victory as they were highly numerically superior. Realizing that the Soviets had far greater numbers of personnel and equipment, the Finns employed a simple form of distributed operations. They utilized company and battalion-size units spread across the battlefield and successfully attacked the Soviet Union's less mobile columns and inflicted disproportionate casualties upon a larger force. Although initially successful, the Finns lacked the throughput of supplies and logistical capabilities to maintain their effort. Even though the Soviets suffered tremendous losses in personnel and equipment, they were able to re-establish their assets. On the other hand, the Finns were unable to replace their losses and were eventually attrited by the sheer numbers of the Soviet Union. Because the Finns were not able to sustain their campaign, they were unable to continue combat operations. Similarly, as the Marines Corps faces adversaries that are ever-changing and creative, the Marine Corps staying true to its maneuver warfare philosophy has adopted distributed operations (DO) as a conceptual answer to the emerging threat. The DO concept employs "small, highly capable units spread across a large area of operations that will provide the spatial advantage commonly sought in maneuver warfare, in that they will be able to sense an expanded battle space, and can use close combat or supporting arms, including joint fires, to disrupt the enemy's access to key terrain and avenue of approach." As with the Finns however, DO presents logistical problems. For DO to be successful, the Marine Corps must take significant steps to sustain combat forces, specifically in the throughput of supplies and casualty evacuation.


Part 1 Introduction: genetics of sexual differentiation normal growth and development of the gentalia in infancy and childhood normal pubertal development gynecologic examination of the adolescent. Part 2 The prepubertal child: congenital defects of the external genitalia in the newborn and prepubertal child surgical management of genital ambiguity psychological aspects of disorders of sexual differentiation trauma to the vulva and vagina vulvar disease in the prepubertal child vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding in childhood precociuos puberty. Part 3 The adolescent: the menstrual cycle adolescent amenorrhea abnormal uterine bleeding dysmenorrhea premenstrual syndrome hirsutism in the pediatric or adolescent patient pelvic pain in children and adolescents sexually transmitted disease uterovaginal anomalies adolescent sexuality adolescent contraception. Part 4 Tumors of the genital tract in childhood and adolescence: tumors of the vulva tumors of the vagina and cervix in the child and adolescent tumors of the uterus and gestational trophoblastic disease the ovary. Part 5 Other considerations: disorders of the breast child sexual abuse gynecological care for the mentally handicapped individual.


Do I have a symptom?, how do I know what I feel? I've got a symptom, am I ill? I'm ill!, shall I see my doctor? I've seen my doctor, but I'm still not sure - doctor patient communication "I'm very well thank you", but how do I know I'm well? resisting common sense - menstruation and its consequences on women's health, behaviour and social standing deconstructing common sense - review and future directions.


Copper phthalocyanine-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) using ZrTaO high-k gate dielectric with different Ta contents have been fabricated and characterized. It is found that devices with more Ta incorporated in the dielectric film exhibit better electrical properties such as smaller leakage current density, larger breakdown field strength, smaller sub-threshold slope and larger on/off ratio. The involved mechanism lies in that increasing Ta concentration can reduce the interfacial trap density and increase the formation of Al-O bonds in interfacial layer resulting in better interface properties.


Two types of P91 steel with different microstructure were oxidized at 650℃ in water vapor for 300 hours in a home-made tubing device.Morphologies observation,EDS and XRD test were carried out with the oxide scales.Isothermal oxidation results showed that the oxidation kinetics of the two steels followed parabolic law.P91 steel with coarser grains exhibited higher mass gain than steel with finer grains.The effects of grain size on water vapor oxidation resistance were discussed.


This study was conducted to investigate the far-infrared ray emission and electrical properties ofwoodceramics manufactured from pine sawdust at different carbonizing temperatures and resin impregnation ratios. The far-infrared ray emission values and emission energy values decreased as the carbonizing temperature increased, but there was little effect of resin impregnation ratio. The electric resistance decreased as the carbonizing temperature increased but did not show any further change with temperatures over 1000°C. The electrical resistance was decreased with increased resin impregnation ratio. The findings suggest woodceramics might be useful as electromagnetic shielding materials, heating materials, and sensor materials.


This research aimed to identify the linkages between marketing mix elements and the purchase decision process among consumers in the Malaysian retail industry. To fulfill this objective, the present study followed a quantitative survey for gathering the data from the consumers of department stores at the East Coast region in Malaysia. All of the obtained data were inserted and coded using SPSS and then analysed by AMOS 18. The findings indicated that the impact of advertising on the consumers' purchase decision is positive and statistically significant. Besides that, the findings demonstrated that distribution intensity has a negative effect on purchase decision, whereas price plays a key important role in affecting purchase decisions process of the consumers. Lastly, the findings of this paper verified that store image and store location have significant positive linkages with purchase decision. These outcomes enhance our understanding on the role of marketing mix elements in determining a consumer's purchase decision, particularly in the retail context.


In [2], the author discusses derivations of A(p,q) when A(p,q) is prime and p,q A satisfy the condition A=Ap+Aq+R where R is a subspace of Z(A). In this paper, we consider a general-ization of Theorem 1 in [2] for the semiprime case of A(p,q).


Progress in Transplantation, Vol 12, No. 4, December 2002 Awareness about cadaveric organ donation and transplantation is significantly lacking in India. Although facilities are available to perform transplantation of organs, not much headway has been made in this area because of superstitions and lack of awareness. To increase the number of donors, it is necessary to introduce measures to improve the opinions of the general public and healthcare personnel. Increasing the awareness about organ donation could be focused at 2 levels, among hospital staff and in the community. Nurses' attitudes and behavior regard ing cadaveric organ donation have positively correlated with their knowledge on this subject. There fore, this study was conducted to quantify the level of aware ness among hospital staff, so that appropriate inter ventions may be designed to increase their knowledge in deficient areas. Additional reasons for this study included the following: • Previous studies had mainly focused on nurses, whereas this study focused on paramedical (nurses, tech nologists, medical physicists) and nonmedical (administrative, clerical, engineering, social scientists, miscellaneous) staff, because unless the hospital staff ac cepts and approves of organ donation, it is not possible to perform cadaveric transplantation on a regular basis. • In India, one of the ways in which information about cadaveric organ donation is disseminated in society is by the interaction with hospital staff. • Once the patient is declared brain dead and the family is approached for consent to organ donation, the relatives often seek the opinions of known and famil iar hospital staff. If the staff is unaware of these is sues, they may inadvertently discourage the relatives. • No research has been reported from India about the specific components of transplantation, brain death, and organ donation.


Abstract : A method for growing large area, thin, single crystal platelets of TNT is reported. The optical absorption properties of these crystals were studied, and dichroic behavior was observed. The absorption edge is approximately 3.1 eV and is tentatively assigned by comparison were solution spectra.