PURPOSE: To provide a means capable of bypassing individual virtual route or virtual channel from an active route to an alternate route. CONSTITUTION: Only a communication cell stream supplied from a central synchronization device AS through the active route AP first is relayed and transmitted further through a belonging switching device CCb and the supplied two communication cell streams are synchronized. Along with the achievement of the synchronization, instead of the communication cell stream supplied from the central synchronization device AS through the active route AP first, the communication cell stream supplied through the alternate line EP is relayed and transmitted further through the belonging switching device CCb. Consecutively, the central synchronization device AS outputs and couples the communication cell streams supplied through the alternate route EP from a transmission route.


In the present paper, we investigate the solutions of a fractional Schrodinger equation with sublinear perturbation and steep potential well. First, we obtain the existence of at least one solution by the minimisation result due to Mawhin and Willem. Second, by virtue of the symmetric mountain pass theorem, the existence criteria of infinitely many solutions are established. Lastly, an example is given to demonstrate the main results.


The aim of this study was to determine level of virulency of several Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) isolates against cv Ambon hijau. The study was conducted at the laboratory of plant diseases and screen house of Solok Tropical Fruit Research Institute from August 2012 to February 2013.The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications, each treatment consisted of fiveplants. The treatments were the mixture of isolates FocVCG 01213/16, 0121, and 0124/5 andthe single. The results revealed that several VCG isolates of Foc grouped in race 1 and 4 inoculated in single or mixture caused the highest disease incidence with the percentage of wilt was 100%. The fastest incubation period of disease on cv Ambon hijau caused by isolate VCG 01213/16 (5.95days), followed by VCG (11.35 to 12 days), single isolate of VCG 0121 (13.15 days) and VCG 0124/5 (17.45 days).
Keywords :banana, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Vegetative Compatibility Group, inoculation


IntroductionMany tests have been published which measure frictional torque [1–4] in THR. However, different test procedures were used in those studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of test setup on the measured friction torque values.MethodsSpecimen Description Table 1 lists tested study groups (n≥3). Metal-on-Metal specimens were custom designed and manufactured, and are not approved for clinical use. The remaining groups consisted of commercially available products (Stryker Orthopaedics, NJ).Test Model – AA 50 mm outer diameter (OD), Solid-Back Trident PSL shell (Stryker Orthopaedics, NJ) was assembled into a test block and the Ti6Al4V trunnion was oriented parallel to the central axis of the articulating surface [Fig. 1]. A 2450N axial load was applied. The head underwent angular displacement of ± 20° about the central axis of the shell.Test Model – BThe same shell and block as in Test Model A were used but positioned to simulate a 50° abduction angle [Fig. 1]. A Ti6Al4V trunni...


One factor that has a critical impact on mutual fund investors' terminal wealth is the fees which investors incur directly or indirectly in connection with establishing and maintaining their investment. Applying the Sharpe's Terminal Wealth Ratio Analysis, this study shows that cost burdens imposed by mutual funds operating in Poland greatly exceed the cost burdens of comparable investments made in more developed European countries, magnifying the erosive effect on investors' terminal wealth value, especially as the investment horizon is extended. For example, over a forty-year investment period the reduction in investment performance (investors' terminal wealth value) attributed only to the disparity of mutual fund fees in Poland compared with the other European countries, on average, are as follows: about 35% in money market funds, 42% for fixed-income funds, 197% in the case of equity funds, and 234% in the case of allocation funds. This fact demonstrates both the immaturity of the Polish mutual fund market and a lack of economic knowledge and experience among domiciled  investors. This, coupled with the absence of sufficient involvement of public institutions to create a cheap, efficient and safe allocation mechanism for investors' savings, contributes to a much deeper erosion of their wealth than in developed countries.


In this paper, systematic analysis on the digital microphone is performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Digital microphone is an integrated chip composed of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Using EDS, quantitative chemical composition and elemental maps on the integrated CMOS-MEMS-based microchip were obtained. Microanalytical X-Ray technique along with TKD was applied to reveal the nanostructure of the MEMS region, i.e., diaphragm membrane and then the CMOS region, i.e., tungsten through-silicon via. Device performance and lifetime were correlated with chemical diffusions, metal interface boundaries, grain structures, and phases existing at CMOS and MEMS junctions. Our results demonstrated that SEM-based TKD with EDS is a powerful microstructural characterization tool and performs vital role in failure analysis for device optimization.


b ABSTRACT In this research selecting a proper project portfolio is discussed. For maximizing the value of a project portfolio an optimization model is proposed, considering multiple objectives consisting of strategic alignment, expected benefit and balance of project portfolio. Having such decision model which studies organizational behavior closely to the reality raises the decision makers' confidence in solution quality, and helps them realize why their proposals were not chosen. Since the used model is known to be NP-Hard and it is considered to have three objectives, we use multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to solve it. Due to the extensive application of genetic algorithms in optimization problems, NSGA-II and NRGA algorithms are used to solve the model and a comparative approach is applied to verify whether valid solutions are obtained.� ms,�GeneticAlgorithm,�SoftwareIndustry� Oneofthemajorconcernsofmanagersis� selectingprojectproposalsinawaythatthevalue � of� projectportfoliowouldbemaximized.�Inmostcases �out� ofasetofprojectproposalsreceivedbytheorgan ization,� onlyanumberofthemcanbeimplemented.�Inorder� to� filterprojectproposalssomelimitationshavetob etaken� intoaccount.� Thedecision)makerhastodecideofa ll� projectproposals,�whichcanbeselected,�inaway� thatthe� organizationsetsupanoptimizedprojectportfolio .�The� goalofthispaperistoprovidetoolsformanagers �tohelp� themwithselectingprojectproposalsconsideringt


The exploding growth of the Internet has lead to a general deterioration of service levels experienced by its users. The IP best effort model that is currently in use is inadequate to provide guaranteed service levels. Internet service providers are seeking scalable methods for providing differentiated services to customers who are willing to pay more. This paper proposes a scheme called dynamic capacity contracting for providing differentiated services to users. Technical and economic issues pertaining this scheme are explored. The central idea of dynamic capacity contracting is a network that could, based upon congestion monitoring mechanisms, raise prices and vary contract terms dynamically. This is achieved through a software entity called bandwidth broker which liaisons between the users and Internet service providers. The bandwidth broker, based on user prescribed constraints (such as budgets), negotiates "soft contracts" with the service providers on an on-going basis. Soft contracts would expire within a time span and should be renewed to maintain a level of service. This scheme builds on the concepts of expected capacity (Clark, 1995) and smart markets (MacKie-Mason & Varian, 1993), presents a technical architecture for its implementation.


This journal was firstly published on March 11, 2016 by UPI (Indonesia University of Education) Press in Bandung. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN is a new version journal from the old journal with the similar name that was published since 1995 to 2005. This journal is dedicated not only for Indonesian scholars who concern about educational studies, but also welcome to the scholars of Southeast Asian countries and around the world who care and share related to the educational studies in general. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN journal is published twice a year i.e. every March and September.  Bandung, Indonesia: March 11, 2016 Prof. Dr. Didi Sukyadi Editor-in-Chief of the MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal


The inability of the child to represent his or her own interests as a legal subject (by definition), and the continued interest of the state in the child as a futurity or resource locks the child in an eternal pas de deux: the child continually approaches the possibility of 'personhood' but never achieves it. In the past 40 years, in western nations the child's legal personhood has been simultaneously invoked and constrained: through a growing array of persons and organizations that, as an exteriority, purport to 'best represent the child'; and through an ever more finely gradated mapping of the child's interiority—which filters the child's voice through a range of interpretive theories, and mechanisms. In this myopic and hyperopic reading of the child, the child's voice disappears. This paper is the first of two examining the relationship of the child to the liberal notion of the subject. In the case law explored around fetal rights and custody issues in the United States and elsewhere we find a paradoxical situation where the 'fetus' is granted a more authoritative voice in terms of what it 'wants' than is the child, whose wishes are perpetually called into question. Together these papers raise questions about the nature of the subject qua individual. They highlight the potential for a ventriloquist discourse around the child whereby neo-liberal and neo-conservative groups that purport to speak for the child mobilize their own political interests.


The characteristics of ion-exchange membrane electrolytic devices are introduced briefly.The production management and control optimization of ion-exchange membrane electrolytic devices are described in respect of brine refinement,temperature of electrolyzers,voltage,control on acid supply,direct current consumption,and pressure difference of main pipeline.It is pointed out that all the processes,the determination and the equipment related to ion-exchange membrane electrolytic devices should be surveyed periodically in order to ensure safe and stable running of the devices.


Swiftness is the salient characteristics of our modern time. The intention of this behavior is to respond to modern life needs. Folk are in a hurry, everything is done quickly, people have realized the importance of time, and the value of minutes or seconds. When you stand at take away food, you find no much seats are available why because he buyers are in a hurry, they want fast food. Staying at home, asking for your personal needs through internet, they are going to bring your things in no time. So clothes, shoes, books, doctors , maintenance ...etc. that sort of life has become the model of today life modernization has no patience for waiting just keep moving, even you notice this at literature books, shortcuts are much and acronyms are many !! Why for, they say modernization. Economic, it's a new style of life, others say, no it is old began since at the Greek area, the purpose of it to give a brief about adjectives or qualifications. Now we have followed the suit, but in other words, the frame is one but the output is different. That, what we are going to discover later on. Today's life in treatments specially merchant's has become easier specifically at airports, commercial places, medicine industries that was really seen and tangible at civilized people in Europe where people are used to such way of life openly, other continent are creeping to copy the best. So this research is an attempt to know more about this modern science and to shed light on it, to know how it began, and where and how can we get it, the better use of it as a new jargon entered our modern life smoothly but positively. The way of understanding this science is not difficult, because it based on the vocabulary you have and to harness it for your benefit. So as to ease life dealing and handling, that is the main objective of acronyms.


We study a pursuit-evasion game in which one or more cops try to capture a robber by moving onto the robber's current location. All players have equal maximum velocities. They can observe each other at all times. We show that three cops can capture the robber in any polygonal environment (which can contain any finite number of holes).


After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party,the "Left" dogmatism represented by Wang Ming occupied the leading position in the CPC.For the question of the land reform,they negated and opposed the correct opinions of Mao Zedong,and enforced the "Left" policy of "landowners get no land while rich peasants get poor land".It caused a serious damage to the revolution.But under the condition of being squeezed and retaliated by others,Mao Zedong still persisted in proceeding from actual conditions and thus carried on a hard and complicated struggle against such a mistake of the "Left" adventurism.


The (4,4′)-bipyridine molecule (44bpy) has attracted particular interest in molecular electronics because single-molecule junctions can be directly formed via nitrogen–gold affinity, obviating the need of understanding nontrivial invasive effects due to extra anchoring groups. In a recent study, an apparent conundrum related to the transport through 44bpy junctions has been resolved by emphasizing the essential role of the environment (solvent vs ambient conditions). In the present paper, we demonstrate the robustness of the conclusion of that study, by introducing intramolecular reorganization as a new and essential element in the analysis. This extension is necessary in the light of recent investigations drawing attention to the unusual character of intramolecular reorganization in 44bpy as a molecule possessing a floppy, highly anharmonic degree of freedom, which is strongly and nonlinearly coupled to the molecular orbital dominating the charge transport. As a further important effect related to the si...


In this paper,the present situations and developing trends of ribbed bars and wires for the buildings in China are summarized.Bars by remained heat treated,ultra-fine grain reinforcing steel bars,HRB400 bars produced by different microalloying techniques,HRB500 bars,590 MPa grade bars,800 MPa grade or greater high intensity bars,high carbon wires and cold forging steel wires for the buildings,etc are introduced.We put forward proposals how to promote variety optimization of ribbed bars and wires for the buildings in China and how to replace the older generations of products by new ones.


METHODS. We used ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry with C18 liquid chromatography for metabolomic analysis on frozen plasma samples from 72 POAG patients and 72 controls. Metabolome-wide Spearman correlation was performed to select differentially expressed metabolites (DEM) correlated with POAG. We corrected P values for multiple testing using Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to depict the relationship between participants and DEM. Differentially expressed metabolites were matched to the METLIN metabolomics database; both DEM and metabolites significantly correlating with DEM were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst to identify metabolic pathways altered in POAG.


The invention relates to a method for processing fruits, in particular to an apricot (stone fruit) cutting and coring production process and a mechanical production line. The apricot cutting and coring production process comprises the processing procedures of washing, selecting apricots, classifying, lining, automatically directing, cutting and coring, separating the pulp from the stone, turning the pulp, selecting the pulp and the like. The mechanical production line comprises an elevated conveyer, a vapor bubble cleaning machine, a high pressure spray device, a rolling lever fruit selector,a classifier, a cutting and coring machine, a pulp turner, a picking conveyer and the like. The apricot cutting and coring mechanical production line can realize continuous operation of apricot cutting and coring, and cuts apricots into halves along the fruit suture according to the process requirements of food production to obtain unbroken carpel which can be widely used for the production of candied fruit, dried fruit and canned fruit. The apricot cutting and coring production process meets the food safety and sanitation requirements, and the mechanical production line has reasonable link among the procedures and has high production efficiency.


With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of real estate, people pay more and more attention to the change of urban housing prices. Over time, the change of city center will inevitably affect the urban land or housing prices, which is reflected in the spatial distribution of urban land or housing prices. Therefore, this article attempts to explore the impact of urban center on housing prices from the perspective of multi-center city and study separately from two aspects of time and space. This paper takes the six main urban districts of Hangzhou as the research scope. At the time level, we select the residential data from 2007 to 2015 to construct models respectively based on the hedonic price theory and find that the influence of different urban center on housing price shows a certain change with time. On the spatial level, this paper choses the residential data in 2012 to construct geographic weighted regression model and the result shows that the impact of three centers on housing prices shows a certain degree of spatial heterogeneity.


This paper presents the results of the comparative studies concerning the functionality and the usage cost of the infusion solution preparations in two types of packages. The study group was 1000 units of the preparationsin the Medipur type polyethylene packages with the Eurocaps lock. The control group was the type and amount analogous infusion solution preparations in the polyethylene standard packages in a cylinder shape. The solution loss significantly more frequent in the control group comparing the study one was reported. Furthermore, this finding follows the real increase of the involved units cost. The conducted comparative analysis shows that the undertaking of the optimal bidding decisions should be based on the pharmacoeconomic analysis made by hospital pharmacists because of their contribution to the reasonable spending of our financial resources.


This paper analyzes the characteristics of recursion algorithm and the correlative factors of C language.It also analyzes,by testing and calculating,the main factor qualifications of realizing recursion algorithm with C language.


A large number of photovoltaic power sources connected to the grid will increase short-circuit current level of power system, and its fault transient process will change the fault characteristics of power grid. In this paper, the equivalent models of transient and steady state faults are obtained, by analysing the full current expression of photovoltaic power sources and its current characteristics in different fault stages. Based on the superposition theorem, the short-circuit current calculation method of power system with photovoltaic power sources is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the analysis of actual power grid calculation examples, and the results can be used for power grid planning and relay protection setting.


An evidence theoretic classification method is proposed in this paper. In order to classify a pattern we consider its neighbours, which are taken as parts of a single source of evidence to support the class membership of the pattern. A single mass function orbasic belief assignment is then derived, and the belief function and the pignistic ("betting rates") probability function can be calculated. Then the (posterior) conditional pignistic probability function is calculated and used to decide the class label for the pattern. It is shown that such a classifier extends the standard majority voting based k-nearest neighbour classifier, and it is an approximation to the optimal Bayes classifier. In experiments this classifier performed as well as or better than the voting and distance weighted k-nearest neighbours classifiers with best k, and its performance became stable when the number of neighbours considered is greater than 4.


The impact of corruption charges on the electoral performance of parties is conditioned by specific institutional factors. This article shows the extent to which the effects of political corruption depend on the control that party leaders exercise over the ballot. It is argued that voters might abstain or support other lists if they cannot select individual candidates to revitalize the reputation of the political party. Employing data on judicial investigations in Italy from 1983 to 2013, we provide evidence of the role of electoral rules and intra-party xcandidate selection in shaping the relationship between corruption and voters' behaviour. Parties implicated in corruption or related crimes experience a loss of votes when they compete under a closed list formula or when the candidate selection process is strongly centralized.


Jurisprudence involves studying, interpreting, and applying the law to comprehend its societal impact. Judges annually review cases to ensure accurate law application, which raises privacy concerns when accessing files from other courts. While the legal field has garnered interest from the research community, the challenge of masking personal data, particularly in the Arabic language with limited resources, remains in its early stages. To address this research gap, we develop a two-component system for generating anonymous Arabic judgments. The first component, a personal data extractor model, utilizes Named Entity Recognition (NER) to identify key individual entities like names, addresses, birthdays, case numbers, and national identity codes. We train this model on a purpose-built Arabic legal corpus. The second component involves a Python module designed to mask the personal entities extracted by the first component. Together, these components enable the generation of anonymous judgments. Our model achieves an F1-score of 96.14% when detecting entities in the created Arabic Legal corpus. Additionally, experiments on the ANERCorp corpus, with training and testing splits of 70%-30% and 90%-10%, yield F1-scores of 93.78% and 95.77%, respectively. With these results, our proposed system demonstrates the promising potential for generating anonymous Arabic judgments. Furthermore, the built Arabic legal corpus provides a valuable resource for researchers aiming to enhance domain-specific NER models in Arabic text.


The aim of this work is to continue the cooperation on Fixed WiMAX experimental propagation characterization between Instituto de Telecomunicações — DEM of University of Beira Interior, Portugal, Fondazione Ugo Bordoni and the Department of Electronics and Information Systems of the University of Bologna, both from Italy. The field trials addressed different environments, i.e., suburban and open areas in a hilly terrain for the study of the propagation characteristics of WiMAX systems. The IEEE 802.16–2004 equipment operates at 3.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 3.5 MHz. Different antenna heights are considered. The measurements have been performed in outdoor, indoor and mixed environments, with omnidirectional and 120º sectored antennas. In the outdoor environment, results show an adequacy between the trend-curve for the experimental results with the modified Friis equation with propagation exponent 2.71.


Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder that results from mutations in the dystrophin gene, which leads to muscle degeneration and atrophy (Birnkrant et al. 2018). Patients with DMD begin to show symptoms in the first few years of life, which progresses to severe atrophy of skeletal and cardiac muscle. There is no cure for DMD and current treatments such as corticosteroids, physical therapy or breathing assistance are primarily for symptomatic relief. The severity of DMD is due to the absence of functional dystrophin, a cytoskeletal structural protein that protects muscles during contraction. Loss of dystrophin increases the susceptibility of muscle to damage and stress during repeated contractions, which is further exacerbated by inflammation and subsequent replacement of muscle by fat or fibrotic tissue. In addition, satellite cells or muscle stem cells become depleted during multiple cycles of repair, which further accounts for the loss in total muscle mass in DMD. One potential molecular target for DMD therapy is to directly promote muscle regeneration by targeting microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences of 22 amino acids that can regulate the expression of other genes during transcription. In DMD patients, muscle-specific miRNAs such as miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206, are elevated in blood in response to muscle damage and have been useful as serum biomarkers that indicate disease progression and severity (Cacchiarelli et al. 2011). A previous study showed that local delivery of muscle-specific miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 into the anterior tibialis muscle can improve muscle regeneration and recovery after acute injury in a rat model (Nakasa et al. 2010). However, it is unclear how these miRNAs lead to muscle regeneration and many studies have not investigated the molecular mechanisms of individual miRNAs. In a paper published in this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Taetzsch et al. (2021) sought to examine the downstream molecular effects of miR-133b isolated from other miRNAs in the mdx mouse model of DMD. The mdx mouse model has a natural nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene and develops DMD pathology with a shorter lifespan (Duddy et al. 2015). In mdx mice, some pathological changes and muscle damage are noticeable during the first 30 postnatal days (P30), but a period of recovery and remission occurs after the initial damage at 60 and 90 postnatal days (P60 and P90). First, Taetzsch et al. showed that, similar to DMD patients (Cacchiarelli et al. 2011), the mdx mice had increased miRNA levels including miR-133b at P30 when muscle damage occurred, which decreased at P60 and P90 after muscle recovery. Different from miR-133a and other miRNAs, miR-133b was elevated before muscle damage and reduced after recovery has occurred. To specifically study the role of miR-133b in DMD, Taetzsch et al. (2021) genetically deleted miR-133b in mdx mice by crossing mdx mice with miR-133b−/− knockout mice to generate mdx;miR-133b−/− mice. At P30, the deletion of miR-133b in mdx mice resulted in a more severe DMD phenotype and pathological changes: hindlimb muscles showed reduced muscle fibre size, matrix remodelling from increased laminin in the interstitial space, and increased inflammatory infiltrate. At later ages of P60 and P90, these pathological changes were diminished during muscle recovery and remission. This suggests that miR-133b may be important in slowing the initial muscle damage and its absence led to enhanced muscle damage and inflammation. Taetzsch et al. (2021) further established the definitive roles of miR-133b in stimulating satellite cells via myogenesis and promoting muscle regeneration. During muscle injury, satellite cells or muscle stem cells can become activated and proliferate to replenish skeletal muscle cells. In the mdx;miR-133b−/− mice, satellite cells were tracked with the Pax7 marker, which showed normal levels of satellite cells at P30 during the early stages of muscle damage. However, the total number of satellite cells become progressively depleted at the older ages of P60 and P90, suggesting that loss of miR-133b impairs satellite cell proliferation. They also demonstrated that miR-133b is involved in muscle regeneration in an acute injury model obtained by local muscle injection of cardiotoxin. At one-week post-injection, miR-133b−/− mice had smaller muscle fibres with decreased cross-sectional area and distribution compared to miR-133b+/+ mice. miR-133b is likely to be important for stimulation of satellite cells during muscle regeneration in the context of both acute and chronic injury. Through transcriptomic analysis of muscle-specific RNA-sequencing, Taetzsch et al. (2021) identified novel functions of miR-133b as a direct regulator of multiple downstream genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis. Deletion of miR-133b in mdx mice led to upregulation of genes and pathways implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. There was increased expression of inflammation-related TNF-alpha signalling pathway and downstream targets like TNF-alpha induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). Additionally, there was upregulation of the TGF-beta signalling pathway that promotes fibrosis, which includes members such as TGF-beta receptor and other signalling molecules like SMAD3 and SMAD5. These results suggest that miR-133b normally suppresses both inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. miR-133b may act specifically in the context of muscle damage to downregulate pathways involved in inflammation and fibrosis, because both wild-type miR-133b+/+ and miR-133b−/− mice with normal muscle mass did not show significant changes in these pathways. Overall, this study established a definitive role for miR-133b as a part of the body's compensatory mechanism during muscle repair after acute injury (Taetzsch et al. 2021). miR-133b is directly involved in muscle repair by stimulating satellite cells and can suppress pathways involved in inflammation and fibrosis. These results


Contact toxicity and control effect of Acorus gramineus Soland extract,A.gramineus extract 30% EC and buprofeizin 30% EC,against Nilaparvata lugens St1 were studied.The results show that after being treated with A.gramineus extract for 48 hours,the LD50 of 3rd instar and macropterous females was 0.64 μg/instar and 0.95 μg/adult.In an indoor potted test,a 30 times dose of A.gramineus extract 30% EC and a 50 times dose of dosage buprofeizin 30% EC showed significant control effect on the 3rd instar,achieving mortalities of 85.56% and 96.67% respectively three days after treatment.A field trial showed that the control effect of a 20 times dosage of A.gramineus extract 30% EC and a 300 times dosage of extract-buprofeizin 30% EC were 78.46% and 79.76% respectively after seven days.


Cow's milk protein allergy is the most common food allergy, affecting approximately 2-3 % of infants until the age of 3, in industrialized countries. It seems to be important to understand the impact of this problem in the paediatric population. Material and Methods: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study of all infants followed in our department (from January of 1995 to December of 2004) with the diagnosis of cow's milk protein sensitization was made. Their allergy work-up included specific IgE determinations using CAP technology performed against alphalactalbumin (ALA), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), casein and also soy protein. The following data was also analyzed: sex and age of sensitisation, type of feeding, symptoms of allergic disease (atopic dermatitis, wheezing and gastrointestinal symptoms) and the relationship between symptoms and sensitization pattern. Results: A total of 153 infants (87 boys and 66 girls) was studied; from this group, 114 (74%) showed sensitization to ALA, 98 (64%) to casein, 97 (63%) to BLG and 12 (7,8%) to soy protein. One third of all children showed sensitization to the three cow's milk proteins. Initial clinical symptoms were seen between 1 and 108 months of age. Major clinical signs were wheezing in 52,9 % and atopic dermatitis, found in 32,7 %. Conclusions: We could not find any variation in the pattern of sensitization to milk or soy proteins during the ten years included in the study. Boys were more often sensitized to cow's milk protein than girls. A relation was found between sensitization to ALA and wheezing, as well as between BLG and atopic dermatitis.


My objective of the diploma thesis is to depict a comprehensive view of the introduced CRM system in this company and make out a project concerning possibilities to enhance it, since nowadays this is vital to found and create competitive advantages in particular when building a long-term, quality and profitable relationship with the customer. In a theoretical part I attempted to present pregnant characteristics of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM), including its main pros and cons. In an analytical part I particularly assessed a relation level of Znovin Znojmo,a.s. towards its customers. In a main part of my thesis - the project part- I selected one of the offered solutions which deals with creating qualification criteria being a key to more precise segmentation of customers in the company and to an approach toward individual segments.


ABSTRACT Lee et al. in 2016 proposed a nonparametric estimator of the joint distribution of the gap time between transplant and the first infection and the following gap times between consecutive infections. In this article, we propose an alternative estimator based on the inverse-probability weighted (IPW) approach. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are established . Simulation results indicate that the IPW estimator performs as well as the estimator proposed by Lee et al. We also propose an IPW estimator for estimating the joint distribution function of the gap times between consecutive recurrent events beyond the first episode.


In this paper we will analyze the effects of Sanitation by Vices redhibitory in contracts of sale of a vehicle framed in the Ecuadorian civil code , remember that elbow contract is a law for the contracting parties when legally held , and it shall not be invalidated but by their mutual consent or by the relevant legal grounds at the time of execution.


Abstract In the era of information today, knowledge workers are abundant and job hoppings occur frequently. It is urgent for a company to retain its best employees by ways similar to marketing campaign. Therefore this study starts with internal marketing to explore this complicated but important subject. In addition, it is also an important issue in internal marketing that how to transfer information into knowledge between employee and employer. One of the core concepts in internal marketing is employees are customers, therefore the idea of marketing for external customers to be used internally on employees should has its value. This research includes relationship quality and relational bond in the study. In addition, it also includes organizational citizen behaviors that may affect employers marketing oriented behaviors. Finally, a good employee will be ultimately tested by the external customers. Therefore this study use marketing orientation as the final factor. Employees in domestic financial sector that provides financial management commodities were chosen as targets for questionnaires to test our theory and hypothesis. Hierarchical linear model was used for analysis. Internal marketing mechanism and organizational citizen behaviors are treated as variables at the level of organization. Employee knowledge conversion and combination, relationship quality and relationship connection are at the level of individual. The direct or interactive effects of these variables on marketing oriented behaviors were studied. The results showed that all variables have significant and direct effect on marketing oriented behaviors. Interactive effect only happens significantly when organizational citizen behavior is mixed with employee knowledge conversion and combination or with employee relationship quality.


A companion of moving objects is an object group that move together in a period of time. Platoon companions are a generalised companion pattern, which describes a group of objects that move together for time segments, each with some minimum consecutive duration of time. This study proposes a method that can instantly discover platoon companions from a special kind of streaming traffic data, called automatic number plate recognition data. Compared to related approaches, the authors transform the companion discovery into a frequent sequence mining problem. The authors propose a data structure, platoon tree (PTree), to record discovered platoon companions. To reduce the cost of tree traversal during mining platoon companions, they utilise the last two together-moving objects of a group to update PTree. Finally, a lot of experiments have been carried out to show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Melanie Sonnabend, Kati Fikenzer, Antje Körner, Wieland Kiess, Mathias Bruegel, Joachim Claudia Walther, Luise Gaede, Volker Adams, Götz Gelbrich, Alexander Leichtle, Sandra Erbs, Progenitor Cells : A Prospective Randomized Trial Effect of Increased Exercise in School Children on Physical Fitness and Endothelial Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2009 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.865808 2009;120:2251-2259; originally published online November 17, 2009; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/120/22/2251 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the


To perform a surface mine planning it is necessary to start from an initial evaluation of the mineral resource. The open pit schedule evaluation is a key step in the process of planning the extraction activities of a mining company. Traditional approaches applied to define the ultimate pit limit consider a single estimated model, which deviates from a real assessment of the mineral asset. Over the recent years, new approaches were proposed, so that the benefits of departing from deterministic world view, where every variable are static and modeled from an arithmetic average, to a stochastic evaluation which allows understanding the risk associated to the open pit long term mine planning. Exact optimization approaches were studied due the major roll of mine planning to financial analytics, however the implications associated with these methods are considered and a metaheuristic approach is proposed to solve the case of study.


This article used the recent tax rebate policy in Hainan, China, as an example to illustrate how a typical tourism policy was initiated, administered, and practiced in Mainland China. The discussion and analysis reflect the characteristics of the dynamics of contemporary Chinese tourism policies at large, which are centrally coordinated in policy agenda setting, multi-bureaucratic in policy elaboration, and incremental in policy decisions.


The article first summarises the history of ethnic minority policy in the Netherlands and the development of the 'ethnic minority' and 'allochthonous' categories, which are peculiar in comparative perspective in emphasising socio-economic disadvantage as a constitutive dimension of minority status and in setting the minority question within the broader Dutch political principle of 'pillarisation'. The article then examines the use of statistics in public policy, in a context where the national census has been discontinued since 1971, focusing more specifically on the case of education, where major statistical efforts have been devoted to identifying patterns of disadvantage and integration. Finally, the article briefly examines current debates on the situation of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands in the context of growing questioning of established Dutch models of minority policy.


Hybrid bonding has emerged as a promising 3D integration packaging technology for the next generation stacking devices, with the advantages of higher performance and smaller form factor over the conventional micro-bump interconnects. Despite the current development and understanding of such methodology so far, detailed mechanisms underlying the dielectric surface activation and bonding processes have yet been fully elucidated at the atomic level. Here, we present the full atomistic-scale simulation results that demonstrate surface activation process of dielectric oxide materials using reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We modeled a substrate material of silicon oxide $(\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}_{x})$ and investigated the chemical and physical modifications introduced by N2 plasma which is one of industrial-wise widely adopted gases for surface activation process. The plasma ion species and their impact energy along with flux data were collected from the plasma chamber simulation and were directly reflected into the MD framework. On the basis of simulation results, we first discuss the surface chemical state change of dielectric oxides after the plasma treatment. The degree of changes was quantified by evaluating the penetration depth, number density, and bond information (e.g. dangling, bridging bonds) which can potentially be correlated with the XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) data. Another major finding which is a surface reconstruction mechanism is further discussed. We propose that ion bombardment plays an important role of breaking the chemical bonds, but at the same time, it physically reconstruct the surface to produce surface inactive sites. These sites hinder the formation of interfacial bonds during the hybrid bonding process thereby deteriorate the bonding strength of dielectric materials after the annealing process. The atomistic insight presented in this work can provide thorough understanding of plasma activated surface topology at the resolution scale that is often hard to reach with the experimental characterization techniques. In addition, the computational workflow represented here may provide a useful guideline for the surface modification process and overcome the time and expense resource constraints by supplementing empirical decisions made from the trial-and-error based full design of experiment endeavors.


Attitudes guide behavior. The social-cognitive approach to decision-making has been building on this assumption for almost a century (Allport, 1935). In this field, the model of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1974) was probably the most influential advance in describ-ing the relation between attitudes and behavior. Accordingly, attitudes are the key predictor of behavioral intentions. They are formally described as a function of a linear integration of evaluations and prob-abilities (beliefs). The attitudinal part of the model dovetails with the subjectively expected-utility (SEU) approach to risky decision-making (Edwards, 1954). In line with attitude–behavior models, preferences are stable attitudes toward behaviors.After its formation, an attitude can be stored in memory in association with the attitude object (e.g., Fazio, 1990; Wilson et al., 2000; Betsch, 2005). Attitude stor-age opens the path to stability. If a person re-encounters an attitude object, she can look up her attitude in memory and use it for subsequent judgment and choice. Individual preferences should be stable to the extent that the person relies on stored attitudes.This so-called "file-drawer" notion (Wilson and Hodges, 1992), however, has been challenged by empirical evidence. Attitudinal responses in risky and non-risky choice domains were shown to be susceptible to a variety of task conditions. Krosnick and Schuman (1988) showed that response order, question wording and for-mat systematically affect attitude judgments irrespective of their subjective importance, extremity, and certainty. In a similar vein, empirical violations of the axioms of deci-sion theory challenged the notion that preferences are stable (e.g., framing effect, Tversky and Kahneman, 1981).The


Pollution and deficiency of water always have been serious threats to human beings; it reduces the quality of fresh and drinkable water. Water has a crucial role for human security. The southeastern Anatolia project (Turkish: GA¼neydoAŸu Anadolu Projesi) GAP project includes 22 dams and 19 hydraulic power plants for controlling the Tigris and Euphrates waterways. The purpose of the GAP construction in the western and the southern of Turkey is to develop and improve agricultural and mechanical sectors, and also decrease the rate of unemployment. Iraq and Kurdistan regional government (KRG) as neighbor of Turkey will suffer because of the GAP project, as they rely on Turkey for water supplement. Kurdistan through the overflow of the Zagros Mountains and waters, the upstream part of the Tigris plays an important role in Iraq's water supply. By two Dukan and Darbandikhan dams in Kurdistan, both Baghdad and the Kurdistan region can grow their economies in the trade industry, and clean water, as they face major challenges in the future.


Analysis ability is one of the important skills in higher-order thinking skills (HOTs). This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of guided inquiry model in improving students' analysis ability on simple machine topic. This study was quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design in one elementary school in Surakarta, Indonesia in 2017/2018 academic year with one class as an experimental class by using guided inquiry model and the other class as the existing class that used STAD (student teams achievement division) learning model. The data were obtained by using analysis ability test instrument in the form of multiple choices that has passed expert validations, namely the validation from the education and evaluation experts, science for elementary expert, and the certified elementary school teacher, as well as the empirical validation through try-out. The result showed that the average score of the analysis ability gain score calculation in the experimental class was higher by 0.66 compared to that in the existing class of 0.51. The independent sample t-test showed the difference between the experimental class and the existing class with the value of t of 3.554 and the sig value of 0.001 < 0.05, and the result of the effect size test was in large criterion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that analysis ability in the aspects of organizing, differentiating, and distributing can be improved effectively through guided inquiry model activities.


Measurements of the open circuit potential of AA1050 were performed in 10mM CrO 3 , and the Al-matrix around the intermetallic particles was found to dissolve locally. Pre-immersion in 1M NaOH promoted the dissolution of the Al-matrix around intermetallic particles, resulting in the improvement of pitting corrosion resistance in NaCl solutions. The pitting corrosion resistance provided by molybdate treatment is e ff ectively improved by pre-immersion in NaOH. The maximum pit depth of the specimen treated in MoO 3  HNO 3 solution after pre-immersion in 1M NaOH was small compared to the chromate-treated specimen. It was determined that immersion in an acidic solution containing an inhibitor after pre-immersion in NaOH is an e ff ective method to improve the pitting corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys.


Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large proportion of genomes of multicellular eukaryotes including flowering plants. TEs are normally maintained in a silenced state and their transpositions rarely occur. Hybridization between distant species has been regarded as a "shock" that stimulates genome re-organization, including TE mobilization. However, whether crosses between genetically close parents that result in viable and fertile offspring can induce TE transpositions has remained obscure. Here, we investigated the activation of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in three Lotus japonicus recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. We found that at least six LTR retrotransposon families were activated and transposed in 78% of the investigated RILs. LORE1a, one of the transposed LTR retrotransposons, showed transgenerational epigenetic activation, indicating the long-term effects of epigenetic instability induced by hybridization. Our study highlights TE activation as unexpectedly common events in plant reproduction.


Summary In this article coefficients of kinship between and within populations are proposed as a tool to assess genetic diversity for conservation of genetic variation. However, pedigree-based kinships are often not available, especially between populations. A method of estimation of kinship from genetic marker data was applied to simulated data from random breeding populations in order to study the suitability of this method for livestock conservation plans. Average coefficients of kinship between populations can be estimated with low Mean Square Error of Prediction, although a bias will occur from alleles that are alike in state in the founder population. The bias is similar for all populations, so the ranking of populations will not be affected. Possible ways of diminishing this bias are discussed. The estimation of kinships between individuals is imprecise unless the number of marker loci is large (> 200). However, it allows distinction between highly related animals (full sibs, half sibs and equivalent relations) and animals that are not directly related if about 30‐50 polymorphic marker genes are used. The markerbased estimates of kinship coefficients yielded higher correlations than genetic distance measures with pedigree-based kinships and thus to this measure of genetic diversity, although correlations were high overall. The relation between coefficients of kinship and genetic distances are discussed. Kinship-based diversity measures conserve the founder population allele frequencies, whereas genetic distances will conserve populations in which allele frequencies are the most different. Marker-based kinship estimates can be used for the selection of breeds and individuals as contributors to a genetic conservation programme.


In February 1937 the prestigious British Medical journal carried an article by Sir Thomas Lewis describing a hitherto unknown network of cutaneous nerves.' He called it the 'nocifensor system' and deduced, from his experiments, that it was an independent cutaneous nerve system, unrelated to known pathways and unconnected to the autonomic nervous system. It was composed, not of nerve fibres, but a network of thin lines, similar to meridians.


A preoccupation during the last decade with the problem of the subject in literary discourse, and with the role of language in our conception of the "self," has led to a new interest in autobiography, and in autobiographical fiction.2 Perhaps this is because in no other kind of literary work is the relation between the self-as-author, and the self-as-subject, at once so obvious, and yet so problematical. This paradox led Rodolphe Gasche, editor of a recent special issue of MLN entitled "Autobiography and the Problem of the Subject" to observe that due in part to its own "insurmountable contradictions" autobiography is a "paradigm for writing as such; either as the mode of confronting the inaugural gesture of writing involved in all discourse, or as a privileged mark of the text's selfreferentiality."3 While autobiography, he continues, constitutes the "venture" of "a subject in search of identity," the contradictions inherent in such a constitutive enterprise are inseparably linked to the more general contradictions inherent to writing itself, where there is always a "radical disappropriation" of identity by language.4 Nietzsche's insistence that the subject, the "I," is not a "given," but an "invention," has now become nearly axiomatic. We have become accustomed, when thinking about the concept of a thinking or a writing "subject," at once to demystify and problematize that concept, to understand it as having reference less to a Natural, privileged, and potentially unified psychological condition, than to a


This article aims to investigate the waste behavior of the college students through the investigation of their daily cost, food, water, electricity and paper waste. Then the author explores the waste situation, analyzes the reason of it, and at last puts forward some solutions and countermeasures, which provides reference about strengthening the thrifty education to students for ideological and political education workers.


On the basis of our research, the GDV does not seem to possess a specific medical diagnostic capability, however, the GDV does display very significant change with interventions designed to reduce stress; therefore, the GDV technique can potentially be used in tracking the effectiveness of physical and mental fitness programmes. We also concluded that the level of GDV-entropy is an important indicator of mental health and can help to identify which individuals are more likely to suffer from stress and its consequences.


A mirror-like surface (MLS) reflects highlight, aggravating the image saturation in structured light 3-D reconstruction systems and precluding defect detection based on reconstructed 3-D profiles. Previous studies have focused on a strategy of limiting the luminous flux entering the camera. However, the high intensity of the reflected highlight forces the limitation to be strengthened, which heavily reduces the modulation in the images for the 3-D reconstruction. Therefore, we propose a new strategy to adjust the source of the reflected highlight, i.e., the bidirectional reflectance (BR) of the MLS, which fundamentally suppresses the highlight and removes the limitation on the luminous flux. To execute the proposed strategy, an unfixed view structured light system (UVSLS) is established. The UVSLS converts the reflection viewer from the real camera to the virtual camera, realizing the flexible adjustment of the MLS BR. Finally, an MLS 3-D reconstruction framework is constructed to obtain the 3-D profile of the MLS. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework reduces the saturated pixels by 73.72% compared with the conventional method. Compared with the previous methods, the saturated pixels are reduced by an average of 47.62%.


The Cronica Troyana by Juan Fernandez de Heredia is an Aragonese
adaptation of the Historia destructionis Troiae by Guido de la Columna, from
which it takes the speeches and all the narrative stoff necessary to understand
them completely. Otherwise the Aragonese text approaches a great variety of literary
genres and anticipates some of the caracteristics of the incoming Humanism.


: For urban rail transit, an environmentally-friendly transportation mode, reasonable passenger flow assignment is the basis of train planning and passenger control, which is conducive to the sustainability of finance, operation and production. With the continuous expansion of the scale of urban rail networks, passenger travel path decision-making tends to be complex, which puts forward higher requirements of networked transportation organization. Based on undirected graphs and the idea of the recursive divide-and-conquer algorithm, this paper proposes a hierarchical effective path search method made up of a three-layer path generation strategy, which consists of deep search line paths, key station paths composed of origin–destination (O-D) nodes and transfer stations, and the station sequence path between the key stations. It can effectively simplify the path search and eliminate obvious unreasonable paths. Comparing the existing research results based on the classical polynomial Logit model, a practical Improved C-Logit multi-path passenger flow assignment model is proposed to calculate the selection ratio of each path in the set of effective paths. Combining the hierarchical path search strategy, the O-D pairs of passenger flow are divided into local-line and cross-line situations. The time-varying cross-line passenger flow is decomposed into a series of passenger sections along the key station paths. A passenger flow pushing assignment algorithm based on line decomposition is designed, which satisfies the dynamic, time-varying and continuous characteristics. The validation of Guangzhou Metro's actual line network and time-varying O-D passenger demand in 2019 shows that the spatio-temporal distribution results of the passenger pushing assignment have a high degree of coincidence with the actual statistical data.


With the development of social practice,education is an important part of higher education system.Ideological and political education as an important part of social practice activities for students for the full understanding of the community,understand the country and increase their abilities and contributing to society,exercise perseverance,character-building,enhance the sense of social responsibility plays an irreplaceable important role.Society as a whole must stand on "talent" in height,attention and support students in extra-curricular activities of social practice.In the period of social transition,we must pay attention to college students in the form of extra-curricular activities of social practice and content of innovation.Based on the current practice of colleges and universities to carry out social activities,Pointed out the prevalent social practice students the main issues and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.


Objective:To establish the lumbar intervertebral disk cataplasia model of rabbits.Methods:Ten common New Zealand white rabbits(male,weighing about 2.0 kg,3 months old) were percutaneously punctured the annular fibrosus at surface allocation with 18 G needle to establish the stabbed model on the 5 to 6 lumbar disc and the location of the needle puncture was examined by X-ray.We put the rabbits to death and kept the location of the indwelling needle.Autopsy was performed to determine the path and location of the needle.Results:1).X-ray showed the needle puncture located within the intervertebral space.2).The needle successfully entered the intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus not into the spinal canal,without damaging the nerve root and piercing large retroperitoneal vascular to the abdomen.Conclusion:The experiment may provide a simple lumbar intervertevral disk cataplasia modeling methods that is with small damage,small chances of infection,high survival rate,and short operation time.


[Objective] To study green-protecting effects of different methods on potherb mustard.[Method] Blanching,alkali,ZnSO4 was used to found the green-protecting technology of potherb mustard.The effects of temperature of blanching,time,alkali concentration,soaking time,ZnSO4 concentration and soaking time on green-protecting of potherb mustard were studied.[Result] The results showed that the products could stably keep green for a long time through the pre-blanching processing with temperature of 95 ℃ for 2 min,0.05% Na2CO3 solution immersion 30 min before the material soaked with ZnSO4 for 2.0 h.[Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis and reference for green protecting of potherb mustard during processing.


This paper analyzes the necessity of pharmaceutical morality education,and explores the specific content and methods of how to foster pharmaceutical morality.Pharmaceutical morality education should have the characteristics of utility,practicality,effectiveness and permeability.


s Electronic Education (eLearning) is the art of converting the brainware of the teacher into a courseware to be shared and disseminated via electronic media (K.Durah,2003). It deals not only with obtaining the right information in the right time but also with full understanding and processing of the information in the given context. eLearning facilitates Distance Learning which is a technology, where the distance between a teacher and a student, or among students, is characterized by the speed of the feedback, i.e. how quickly the student gets the feedback from his teacher – tutor (K.Durah,2003). This type of education cannot exist without electronic education. It means providing the students with the content of a course via all electronic media including Internet, intranet and CD-ROMs. Before processing of the materials into this form, it is necessary to develop the methodology, which could be used effectively by distance learning project teams. Such methodology is a keystone in developing national educational program that can positively contributes to better livelihoods for all community levels. Classification: GJCST I.2.6


This note considers the mathematical model published in the Journal of Biomechanical Engineering by McKee et al. [1]. The model presented there suffers from the fact that there is a line discontinuity in the first derivative producing what appears to be a kink in each of the leaflets. This note is concerned with regularizing the shape of the valve while holding to Wheatley's essential idea [2].


The invention relates to a motor vehicle bumper, which comprises, in its lower part, a flap (5) movable between a low position in which it extends the shield (3) downwards, and an upper position in which it is retracted at least partially behind said shield.


Through analyzing the features of the gas-pouring from the comprehensively mechanized mining face,this paper advances some methods for making comprehensive treatment of the gas to ensure the safety in the production.


1. From Latin to Romance: Introduction 2. Syntheticity and Analyticity 3. Configurationality and The Rise of Constituent Structure 4. Configurationality and The Rise of Functional Structure 5. From Latin to Romance: A Configurational Approach 6. Head-marking and Dependent-marking 7. The Rise and Fall of Alignments References Index


Abstract Heavy metal ions, including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), are serious pollutants in farmland soils. The effective removal of heavy metals is an important task in soil remediation. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of seven ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivars to remove heavy metals. Results showed that the seven ramie varieties grew well in Cd and Pb polluted soils. The aboveground biological tissues and raw fiber yield of "Zhongzhu1" were 20.71 and 24.61 Mg ha−1 per year, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the six other varieties. Cd levels in each ramie part can be arranged as husks > root > stem bone > leaf > raw fiber, while Pb levels in each ramie part can be arranged as root > leaf > husks > stem bone > raw fiber. The Cd content in the shoots of "Zhongzhu1" was 19.89 mg kg−1, and the Pb content of the aboveground shoots of "Shiqianzhugenma" was 9.41 mg kg−1. The extraction efficiency of Cd in "Zhongzhu1" was greatly higher than those of the six other varieties. The extraction efficiency of Pb was similar in all varieties. Our observations suggest that ramie can be used to remove toxic ions (Cd and Pb). This study provides a new understanding of planting ramie for heavy metal removal from contaminated soils.


Nornicotine and formaldehyde were formed from nicotine by an enzymatic preparation from rabbit liver. Nornicotine was identified by paper chromatography and was isolated and characterized by physical and chemical methods. Incubation of nornicotine with the same test system gave rise to demethylcotinine. Demethylcotinine was also found in chromatograms of liver extracts following the intravenous administration of nornicotine to the rabbit. Chromatograms from liver, kidney, and urine extracts showed the formation of nornicotine, cotinine, demethylcotinine, and nicotine-1′-oxide, following the intravenous administration of nicotine to the intact rabbit. These metabolic studies indicated that nicotine is demethylated to nornicotine which is further oxidized to demethylcotinine.


The electronic structure of Cu(111)/pentacene and Ag(111)/pentacene interfaces were investigated with photoelectron spectroscopy and the hole barrier heights were determined to be 0.74 and 0.90 eV, respectively. When combined with previous measurements of the Au(111)/pentacene interface, the slope of the plot of metal work function against barrier height for Schottky barrier formation was determined to be 0.36, in agreement with current-voltage (I−V) measurements in the literature. However, the absolute barrier heights from photoemission measurements are 0.16 eV higher. The offset between the I−V measurement and the x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements was attributed to differences in how the highest occupied molecular orbital position is determined. Photoemission data indicates that at low coverages the pentacene molecules lie flat on the metal substrates, whereas at higher coverages the molecular orientation changes to orient the long molecular axis normal to the surface. Thicke...


The aim of this study is to develop a system for investigating human falls and mobility based on a Smartphone platform. We have designed and tested a set of software applications building on the inertial data captured from the tri-axial accelerometer sensor embedded in the Smartphone. We will describe here two applications: a fall detection and management application, and an application for the administration of a popular and standardized test in the field of human mobility assessment, namely the Timed-Up-and-Go test.


Wireless relaying networks have attracted much attention in recent years due to their many advantages in terms of spatial diversity, increased coverage and better data rates. More specifically, wireless relaying networks employing the log–likelihood ratio (LLR) as the criterion of activation/deactivation of a relay node in a multiple– node system have been applauded for their simplicity and high efficiency. Most of such research works focused on evaluating the performance of these networks by utilizing the BER as the prime performance metric. In this paper, we carry out a performance comparison of two relaying networks, by deriving closed–form expressions for their probability of outage.


The key technique for automatic video analysis is Background subtraction, especially in the domain of video surveillance. In this paper Saliency detection can be used in background subtraction. The proposed method is effectively used in the case where the scene is highly changing or the camera is not moving. The separation of foreground and back ground regions within and across video frames is done by visual and motion saliency information. Input video contains all this information which can be extracted. The saliency induced features is effectively combined by conditional random field (CRF) which deals with unknown pose and scale variations of the foreground object .The method is computationally efficient, reliable, and simple to implement and thus it can be easily extended to various applications. It is effective in detecting saliency compared to various State-of-the-art methods.


BACKGROUND
Statins may have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that could reduce the risk of mortality from influenza virus infections.

METHODS
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program conducts active surveillance for persons hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in 59 counties in 10 states. We analyzed data for hospitalized adults during the 2007-2008 influenza season to evaluate the association between receiving statins and influenza-related death.

RESULTS
We identified 3043 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza, of whom 1013 (33.3%) received statins and 151 (5.0%) died within 30 days of their influenza test. Patients who received statins were more likely to be older, male, and white; to suffer from cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and chronic lung disease; and to have been vaccinated against influenza that season. In a multivariable logistic regression model, administration of statins prior to or during hospitalization was associated with a protective odds of death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.59 [95% confidence interval, .38-.92]) when adjusting for age; race; cardiovascular, lung, and renal disease; influenza vaccination; and antiviral administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Statin use may be associated with reduced mortality in patients hospitalized with influenza.


In 1997, Professor Robert M. Stevenson wrote an article entitled "Pedro Cerone (1566-1625): Impostor or Defender of the Faith." Professor Stevenson ends his provocative article, which includes a brilliant analysis of the reception history of El Melopeo y Maestro (Naples, 1613) as well as a comprehensive biography of its author, with an invitation to further research on various aspects of El Melopeo . In response to this invitation, the present article seeks to further our understanding of this frequently misunderstood treatise. I have often asked myself this essential question: if Cerone had never written El Melopeo or if every copy of this treatise had been lost, would our understanding of the music and theory of the 16 th century be different? I think the answer is obvious.


Proposed for Multi-waveshape signal generator design one kind of simpler solution, the basic principle which produces ac-cording to each kind of profile, establishes its mathematical model using Matlab/DSP Builder, then the Singacompler tool which pro-vides using ALTERA Corporation to it carries on the translation, has VHDL source program which QUARTUSII can distinguish, and has produced the multi-waveshape signal generating device top layer schematic diagram, after the process profile simulation, down-loads to the goal device in, has realized the multi-waveshape signal output. Its design simple, revision nimble, the output waveshape signal steadily grades the merit, definitely may need to carry on the scene according to the user to be programmable.


Objective:To assess efficacy,quality of life and survival rate of the colorectal cancer patients receiving Jianpi Compound Recipe combined with chemotherapy.Methods:By searching CBMdisc,CJFD,Wangfang Data,the search was updated to April 2013.Software Revman5.1,provided by Cochrane Library,was used to perform systematic review method.The combined odds ratio(OR)and its 95% confidence interval(CI)were calculated as well.Results:Six RCTs and three CCTs were analyzed.The results showed that Jianpi Compound Recipe combined with chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy in CR+PR(OR=2.01,95%CI=1.11-3.65,P0.05),KPS score(WMD=8.44,95%CI=5.96-10.92,P0.05)and three years' survival rate(OR=3.13,2.35,3.16;95%CI=1.88-5.19,1.49-3.70,1.93-5.18,P0.05).Conclusion:Jianpi Compound Recipe combined with chemotherapy has effect for colorectal cancer,and may be better than only chemotherapy.However,the quality of the RCTs and CCTs using Jianpi Compound Recipe combined with chemotherapy on colorectal cancer should be improved.


Sodium sulfate is a common waste material which can be produced in many chemical processes. Typical source of sodium sulfate wastewater is the process of beneficiation of uranium ore. At present, the sodium sulfate wastewater generated in this process is dominantly treated by combination of evaporation and crystallization eventually with integrated membrane processes such as electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. However electrodialysis with bipolar membrane is a modern alternative which is capable to improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of the process. The process allows to recovery sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid from corresponding waste salt. This work is focused on analyzing the possibility of reusing the products of electrodialysis with bipolar membrane back into the technology of benefication of uranium ore. It was found that the efficiency of the process is dependent on considered reuse location in the leaching technology with different requirements for their initial concentration and purity. Further research should be focused mainly on increasing the purity and maximum concentration produced sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.


Background: One of the major drawbacks in the use of biomedical materials is the occurrence of biomaterialcentered infections. Adhesion of microorganisms to an implant is mediated by their physico-chemical surface properties and the properties of the biomaterial surface itself. Subsequent surface growth of the microorganisms will lead to a mature biofilm and infection, which is difficult to eradicate by antibiotics. Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine the adhesion in the combined cultivation of Staphylococcus aureus and the Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic bacterium on the surface of different metals (copper, aluminium, lowcarbon steel, and zinc). Methods: The precise weighing (with an allowance of 0,0001 g) of the metal plates before and after the treatment found a minimum negative change in their weight, which may be caused by reduction resulting from corrosion processes, on one hand, or growth because of the forming of a biofilm, on the other. The structure of the layer over the metal plates was analysed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) JSM 5510. Results: The thinnest biofilm for both bacteria was registered on the surface of the copper plate. When a combined culture is used on the surface of the aluminium and the steel plates, the pathogenic bacterium is adhered predominantly. On the zinc plate it is only the probiotic bacterium that adheres. Conclusion: This is an initial research on this problem of significance for the doctors and it is about to be further examined.


..................................................................................................iv List of Figures...........................................................................................vi Chapter One: Introduction..............................................................................1 Chapter Two: Methods.................................................................................13 Chapter Three: Results.................................................................................26 Chapter Four: Discussion..............................................................................43 Chapter Five: Literature Cited.........................................................................51 Appendix A1: Monitor Programming................................................................56 Appendix A2: Shock Programming .................................................................58 Appendix B: ELISA Testing..........................................................................60


The applications of wireless sensors/body area networks comprise a wide variety of scenarios. In most of them, The Networks is composed a large number of nodes deployed in an extensive are in WSN.It is quite necessary that the data must be transferred in a secure way to the WBAN system coordinator. We must also take care of the fact that the data of one patient must not get mixed up with another one's. The patient's data is highly private and it must have limited access and must be highly secure. This paper compares the two recently proposed protocols ATTEMPT and SIMPLE along with simulation results. Later sink position is optimized.


This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory heat loss in sheep from the equations developed for this species and its relations with meteorological variables in semi -arid regions. The respiratory heat loss (sensible and latent) was estimated through the equations in the literature for four 12-month-old male Morada Nova sheep, kept in an installation with shading of ceramic tiles and a 3-meter-high ceiling. The following environmental variables were measured: air temperature (T A ), wind speed (U), relative humidity (R H ) and partial vapor pressure (P P {t A }). The physiological variables measured: rectal temperature (T R ) and respiratory rate (R R ). Statistical analysis was performed based on regression using PROC REG procedure in SAS. The latent respiratory heat loss showed a linear and positive correlation with ambient temperature . However, the respiratory convection showed a linear and negative correlation , but with incipient values . Therefore , the latent heat loss is more important than the sensible one in the respiratory system to maintain thermoregulation of sheep in a semi-arid region of Brazil.


Psoriasis is a common and chronic disease in dermatological clinical settings. Dermatologists often estimate the impact of the disease on patients by their intuition. Accurate measurement of psoriasis disability is essential for the development of treatment strategy and evaluation of its efficacy. This paper describes several measures of psoriasis severity which involve the rating of symptom (such as psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), psoriasis global assessment (PGA) and lattice system physician's global assessment (LS-PGA)) and health-associated life quality (including general health questionnaires, dermatology specific questionnaires, disease specific questionnaires), as well as the criteria for definition of severe psoriasis.

Key words:
Psoriasis; Quality of life; Severity of illness index


Friction spinning is an innovative incremental forming process for the manufacture of tailor-made components with defined functionally graded properties. The process is characterized by the use of friction sub-processes for self-induced heat generation that can be employed for the defined thermo-mechanical treatment. Due to this in-process heat treatment, it is possible to extend the forming limits and achieve more complex geometries as well as favorable part properties. One very interesting application for friction spinning is the sealing of tube ends. There are a lot of conceivable application fields, including the substitution of soldering or welding operations in chemical engineering. Another interesting field is the use of this incremental forming process for industrial or automotive applications such as the manufacture of very slim cylindrical cups. An advantage of this method is the feasibility of defined control of the thickness distribution in the bottom and side wall area. This is supported by a new tool system with a pivoting forming tool. The pivot movement is controlled by a process control system. This system makes it possible to achieve different contact conditions between the tool and the workpiece during the process so as to attain a defined influence on the material flow and hence to enhance the attainable bottom wall thickness compared with previous fixed-angle tools. This tool concept thus offers an opportunity to improve the properties of the components as well as to manufacture new and complex geometries, such as hollow, fully closed roll type parts.


S. Bigelow proved that the braid groups are linear. That is, there is a faithful representation of the braid group into the general linear group of some field. Using this, we deduce from previously known results that the mapping class group of a sphere with punctures and hyperelliptic mapping class groups are linear. In particular, the mapping class group of a closed orientable surface of genus 2 is linear.


In this paper we discuss how newly arrived students experience, and perform in, school mathematics. There is little research on immigrant students' initial time in Swedish school, and it is methodo ...


Honey has been found as fluid produced by various bees from nectar flower abd
known as a material that can accelerate healing process. Its contains large
ammount of dextrose, flavonoid and anti oxidant. The aim of this research is to
determine effect of honey in proliferation of fibroblas. This research has been don
in Laboratorium biochemistry departement of medical faculty of Airlangga
University. Twenty eight samples of cavia cobaya's central incisive of mandible
have extracted and the socket was injected with hoeny. Twenty eight samples are
divided into 4 group which 2 group in days 5 and the other is days 7.
Histopatologic examination shows that there are significant different between
control group and treatment group in days 5 (sig<0,05) but there's not significant
different in days 7 (sig>0,05). The result of this research have prove that honey
have effect in fibroblast proliferation in days 5. Limitation of this research is there
arent's further test on the content consentration of the honey.


No matter whether a person has a mild, moderate, or severe case of rosacea, a disorder affecting an estimated 14 million Americans, it can be devastating to one's social life, often making it difficult to appear in public or establish new relationships, according to a survey conducted by the National Rosacea Society and published in Rosacea Review. In the survey of 660 patients with rosacea, 86% of respondents with severe rosacea reported it had inhibited their social lives compared with 67% with moderate and 38% with mild disease. Of the respondents with severe rosacea, 74% reported they had avoided public contact or canceled a social engagement because of the disorder's effect on their appearance, and 65% had found it difficult to establish new relationships. Of the patients with moderate and mild rosacea, 42% and 18%, respectively, reported canceling social engagements because of a flare-up, and 44% and 19%, respectively, found establishing new relationships difficult. Seventy-three percent of respondents with severe rosacea reported being the subject of stares, misconceptions, or rude comments or jokes compared with 63% of those with moderate and 37% of those with mild manifestations. Rosacea usually first occurs in patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years as a flushing or redness on the face. In severe cases, the nose may become red and swollen from excess tissue, and the eyes may become irritated (ocular rosacea). Adding to the potential embarrassment is a common misconception that the flushed face and the swollen red nose are the result of heavy drinking. However, while alcohol may aggravate the condition, the symptoms may be just as severe in an abstinent person. Despite its devastating social effects, many patients with rosacea falsely assume that, similar to teenage acne, their complexion problem will eventually go away by itself. Fortunately, medical treatment and lifestyle changes can bring the unsightly symptoms of rosacea under control, and nearly 70% of all survey respondents said effective therapy had improved their social lives. DRUG ABUSE


The artificial rainfall simulator was used to simulate different durations, different rainfall intensities on a colluvial landslide. During the experiment period, the internal pore water pressure, soil moisture, groundwater level and surface runoff were monitored. A time series analysis was conducted based on the monitoring index on the nearly saturated colluvial slope to obtain the infiltration and runoff patterns, and to reveal the influence mechanism of monitoring indicators that affect the deformation and slope failure.


Proposed message for a mobile terminal receiving a push from a network server push method and apparatus of the present invention and a mobile terminal, the method comprising: a mobile terminal establishes a TCP connection with the network through its own push server modem; if the mobile terminal at predetermined period not push the push server receiving the network message, the mobile terminal in addition to the modem system enters hibernation module; active modem disconnected and spaced at a predetermined time reconstructed TCP module when the system enters hibernation connection; modem via TCP coupled to receive the push message from the network push server; wake-up system and a modem module sends the message to the mobile terminal receiving module. The present invention is active and disconnect the TCP connection via the modem reconstruction, other system modules may not need to wake up, to reduce the power consumption required to maintain the connection, while ensuring the real-time data push.


Cover, editors' note, and table of contents for volume 1 of the Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary STEM Teaching and Learning Conference. Creative Commons License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This front matter is available in Proceedings of the Interdisciplinary STEM Teaching and Learning Conference: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/stem_proceedings/vol1/iss1/2 1 Millsaps: Cover, Editors' Note, and Table of


Mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectra were measured for the 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(NH3)2 [7HQ⋅(NH3)2] and d2-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(ND3)2 clusters cooled in supersonic expansions. UV/UV hole burning measurements prove that a single cluster isomer is formed. Ab initio self-consistent field and density functional calculations predict that the most stable cluster form has an "ammonia wire" hydrogen bonded to the –OH and N groups of the cis-7HQ rotamer. The experimental S0 and S1 frequencies are in very good agreement with the calculated normal mode frequencies for both the normal and deuterated ammonia-wire clusters. S1←S0 excitation leads to contractions of the –O–H⋯N and NH3⋯NH3 hydrogen bonds, as well as smaller displacements for the NH3⋯N(quinoline) stretch and the in plane rotation (or bend) of the ammonia dimer relative to 7HQ. The coupling of these modes to the S1←S0 electronic excitation indicates that hydrogen bond contractions in the excited state a...


A direct spectrographic method was developed for determining trace amounts of impurities in plutonium nitrate solutions. A 25 mu l volume of the solution containing 500 gamma of plutonium is evaporated onto 800 gamma of sodium fluoride, previously evaporated in a shallow cratered electrode. The electrode is excited by an alternating current arc and the spectrum recorded on a photographic plate. The method is applicable for the determination of 34 elements. (auth)


The application of uniform design(UD) for the optimization of ELISA method for determining parathion in soil was investigated and compared with the regular optimization method.Firstly,the regular method for the optimization of ELISA showed the optimal conditions were 5% methanol,ionic strength 0.50 mol/L and pH 7.40.Under these conditions,the method showed the IC50 and IC20 were 89.17 ng/mL and 12.49 ng/mL,respectively.Further,the uniform design was introduced into the optimization of ELISA and the results were computed by statistical method.Then the forecasting model was brought out and the optimized conditions were recommended.The results showed the optimal conditions were with 10% methanol,ionic strength 2.00 mol/L and at pH of 5.00.The IC50 and IC20 of this UD optimized method were 9.96 ng/mL and 1.21 ng/mL,respectively.Both two optimized methods were applied for the residue determination of parathion in five types of soils.The results showed the application of uniform design for the optimization of ELISA method was quick and easy compared with the regular method. Moreover,the optimized conditions from the uniform design method contributed to a more broad-specific method,which could be applied for parathion determination in complex samples with different matrix effects.


The incidence of schistosomiasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is low; although the presence of ureteric schistosomiasis is low, its presence in association with the other complications is considered a rare event among males, especially in a country like KSA. The objective was to study a 56-year-old Saudi Arabian male, who presented with scistosomiasis in ureter with the development of transitional-cell carcinoma instead of squamous-cell carcinoma. An investigation was carried out in this case by repeated cystoscopes and biopsies for histopathological examinations, as well as several imaging procedures such as plain X-ray, CT, and MRI along with several lab assessments. The presence of all these complications in this patient makes this a case of special interest. This will reflect on conducting further research workup for accurate estimation of schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia.


This paper analyses recent and less recent information on an Italic-Roman sanctuary on terraces near the Fucine lake, which discloses an extraordinary cultic continuity from the Paleolithic period to the Middle Age. A dedication to Jupiter and to the Dioscuri permits to us to identify with no doubt the gods here worshipped at the end of the III century B.C. However, a few clues suggest that the figures of these gods are moulded upon those of mythical ancestors and find a prosecution in those of the saints Magno and Castulo, to whom theMedieval sanctuary was dedicated. A connection with the cult of springs and ponds, as well as with hospitium and fides, can be recognized.


Because of the various constraints imposed on ad hoc mobile wireless networks, a cost efficient routing protocol is crucial to the success of an ad hoc mobile wireless network, especially in a dynamic environment such as battlefields. In this paper, we present a cost efficient routing scheme for ad hoc mobile networks by taking advantages of the benefits of traffic aggregation. The central idea of our proposed routing scheme is motivated by the observation that traffic aggregation can reduce the effects of traffic variations. Based on similar studies in the fixed networks, we device a more realistic cost model in ad hoc mobile wireless networks, and propose a routing scheme based on this cost model that effectively promotes the traffic sharing in ad hoc mobile wireless networks. A much higher traffic variation factor than in fixed networks is used to account for the higher traffic fluctuations in an ad hoc mobile wireless network environment.


This article explores the links between African artefacts in European museum collections and the slave and ivory trade in Sudan in the nineteenth century. It examines how 'ethnographic' collections were acquired from southern Sudan and how this process was entangled with the expansion of predatory commerce. Presenting evidence from contemporary travel accounts, museum archives and from the examination of objects themselves, I argue that the nineteenth-century trade in artefacts from South Sudan was inseparable from a history of enslavement and extraction. This evidence from Sudan illuminates the relationship between collecting artefacts in Africa and other markets. It shows how collecting interests intersected with Ottoman and European imperial networks in Sudan and helps to better understand the history of African collections in European museums.


The invention provides an information processing apparatus, a data sharing method and program that can improve the convenience of data sharing. A portable apparatus has a voice call function implemented by a voice call block and a data storage function implemented by a shared data storage block. A voice call destination information output block identifies the destination of a voice call, when the voice call block and the voice call function of the information processing apparatus start the voice call, and outputs voice call destination identification information identifying the voice call destination. Receiving the identification information output by the voice call destination information output block, an access control block judges whether the received identification information is included in access control information stored in an access control information storage block. If the voice call destination identification information is included in the access control information, the access control block permits the information processing apparatus to access the shared area through a network.


Children with Down's syndrome have a higher prevalence of obesity than children without Down's syndrome. Obesity has a negative impact upon mortality and morbidity. Studies report that obesity is more prevalent in individuals with Down syndrome than individuals with intellectual disabilities not associated with Down syndrome. Aim was to evaluate the effect of healthy diet intervention program on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile of children aged 4-16 years with down's syndrome their IQ ranged from 50 – 70. The IQ level was taken from children' school file. Hypothesis: Dietary intervention group will have a positive effect on the Anthropometric measurements such as decrease over weight and lipid profile such as reduce Cholesterol ,Triglyceride ..etc of Down's syndrome children aged from 4-16 years. Design: A quasiexperimental research design was used. of 3 classes Setting was: EL Tarbya El Fekrya School in Shebin El Kom Egypt. The school consisted for children in the primary stage (nursery), 10 classes for children in the educational stage (primary) and 6 classes for training stage (preparatory). Sample was : 60 children who met study criteria. A simple random sample was used to equally divided into study and control group. Tools: Tool 1. An interview was conducted to collect data about biosocial characteristics of children and their parents. Tool 2. Likert scale about children's eating habits. It was developed by Schaeffer (2007). Tool 3. Biophysiological measurement for measuring weight, height and BMI. It was developed by WHO (2010) and National Nutrition Institution (2006). Results: was revealed that more than half of children (56.7%) in the study and approximately two thirds of control group (66.7%) were boys .The majority of children in the two groups lived in rural areas (66.7% experimental and 73.3% control groups). Children in the study group who ate ≥ 6 fresh fruit snacks were 40% vs. 32%, fresh vegetables snacks 40% vs. 8%, eating healthy food while he/she is outside the home 5% vs. 8% and fat utilization in food 90% vs. 48%). There were statistical significant differences between pre test and post test in positive eating habits, body weight, in children waist circumference in the experimental group. Lipid profile in the experimental group at pre and post test revealed that there was significant improvement in cholesterol, HDL and LDL therefore, there was statistical significant differences between pre and post tests. Conclusion: Healthy diet intervention program help in reduced body weight of down's syndrome children , affect abnormal anthropometrics measures and improve lipid profile of children with Down's syndrome. So, Recommendations were emphasized on provide an educational program about healthy diet intervention for school health nurses, teachers, children and their parents for prevention and control of obesity among down's syndrome children. This study should be applied in other settings on large sample to ensure generalizability of the study.


In this paper, terahertz attenuated total reflection (THz-ATR) technology is used to measure formaldehyde solutions with a concentration of 0% to 10%, and the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the formaldehyde solution in the range of 0.2~1.2THz are selected to establish partial least squares (PLS) quantitative detection model and back propagation neural network (BPNN) quantitative detection model. Among them, the correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the PLS model based on the refractive index are 98.99% and 0.4602, respectively; the R and RMSE of the PLS model based on the absorption coefficient are 99.05% and 0.4464, respectively; the R of the BPNN model based on the refractive index is 99.80%, and the RMSE is 0.2407; the R of the BPNN model based on the absorption coefficient is 99.93%, and the RMSE is 0.1182.


The calving interval is a key factor in the dairy industry that determines overall milk production and heavily influences management and the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of body condition score (BCS), post-partum mating (PPM), service per conception (S/C), and days open (DO) on calving interval (CI) for dairy cows at PT. Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan (UPBS). A total of 99 Friesian Holstein samples were used during their fourth lactation period. The reproduction traits were collected from the UPBS dataset. A linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect reproduction traits of CI. Furthermore, CI was used as the dependent variable (Y), while BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO were used as the independent (X). The result showed that BCS, PPM S/C, and DO significantly influenced CI (P<0.05). The regression equation obtained in Y = 244,243 – 13,710 X1 + 1,202 X2 + 12,563 X3 + 0,730 X4 + e with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 92,8%. It was concluded that BCS, PPM, S/C, and DO affected the CI of dairy cows at the PT. UPBS.


A new method of detecting Hg (II) ion with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is developed in this contribution. When Hg (II) ions were added into AgNPs solution, the solution displayed rapid color change and blue shift of the maximum absorption wavelength (Δλ), which was in proportion to the Hg (II) ion concentration over the range of 2.0 × 10−7–6.0 × 10−6 mol/L, with detection limit (3σ) of 6.6 × 10−9 mol/L. Under the same experimental conditions, other metal ions did not interfere. Thus, we propose a rapid, simple and highly selective method for detecting Hg (II) ion.