Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like protein involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The study of the association of this factor with the metabolic phenotype – metabolically healthy (MHAO) and metabolically unhealthy abdominal obesity (AO) and different fat depots (visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular) in young people is of undoubted scientific and practical interest. Aim. To determine serum FGF21 levels and match it with the distribution of adipose tissue in young people with AO. Outcomes and methods. The study enrolled 132 people (mean age 37.59±6.35 years). 3 groups were formed: 0th – 16 conditionally healthy volunteers; 1st –46 people of 40 years [34; 43] with MHAO; 2nd – 70 people of 40 years [35; 44] with metabolic syndrome (MS). All subjects underwent measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference, calculation of body mass index. The FGF21 levels (ELISA KIT, BCM Diagnostics, Germany), lipid profile, 2-hour glucose tolerance test, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR were assessed. Daily monitoring of blood pressure was performed. The volumes of subcutaneous, visceral, perivascular, epicardial fat, as well as subcutaneous fat to visceral fat ratio were determined with computed tomography. Additionally, for subanalysis, all patients (132 people, mean age 37.59±6.35 years) were divided into 6 groups depending on the presence of AO and the number of risk factors (RF): AO-0/FR-0 (n=16); AO-1/FR-0 (n=3); AO-1/FR-1 (n=40); AO-1/FR-2 (n=37); AO-1/FR-3 (n=14); AO-1/FR-4 (n=5). In each group, FGF21 levels was assessed. Results. The FGF21 levels was significantly higher in the groups of persons with MHAO (294.4 pg/ml) and MS (245.7 pg/ml) compared with the control group (110.2 pg/ml); p=0.04 and p=0.05, respectively. According to the correlation analysis data, there was significant weak association of FGF21 with age (r=0.22, p≤0.05), waist circumference (r=0.18, p≤0.05), hip circumference (r=0.26, p≤0.05), body mass index (r=0.3, p≤0.01). FGF21 was found to be associated with vis-ceral (r=0.2, p≤0.05) and subcutaneous (r=0.2, p≤0.05) fat depots. A significant association of FGF21 with triglycerides (r=0.21, p≤0.05) and leptin (r=0.24, p≤0.05) was registered. The FGF21 level ≥345.8 pg/ml reflected a 3-fold increase in the risk of MS in young people (AuROC 0.74, sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 75.0%, p<0.0001). The FGF21 levels ≥294.4 pg/ml was a risk marker for MHAO (AuROC 0,70, sensitivity 67.4%, specificity 75.0%, p<0.0001). According to the results of subanalysis, a significant (p<0.01) increase in the FGF21 concentration was revealed in the groups with an increase in the number of MS components. Conclusions. The FGF21 levels increases with the worsening of the metabolic phenotype; its increase is seen long before the formation of MS (in persons with MHAO). FGF21 in young people is associated with visceral and subcutaneous fat depots, triglyceride levels and leptin. FGF21≥345.8 pg/ml can be considered a predictor of MS in young people, but further research is required.


SUMMARY

Canopy enclosures were used to study the photosynthesis of two winter wheat genotypes with contrasting leaf posture (E, erect; L, lax). Over the grain filling period, the net carbon dioxide fixation during the daytime was nearly always greater in E than in L. In general, a greater proportion of the fixation took place in the lower leaves of E than L.

Because of the slower senescence of its lower leaves, the leaf area index of E was slightly but consistently higher than that of L and this appeared to account, in part, for the difference between the genotypes in canopy photosynthesis. However, during June and early July, when the leaf area indices were above three, the more uniform distribution of light in the canopy of E than in that of L appeared to be a cause of its higher rate of photosynthesis.

Over the grain filling period, more dry matter was lost from the stems of L than from those of E. It is suggested that the shortfall of assimilate for grain filling was met, at least in part, by translocation of materials from the stems and that their greater depletion in L made up for the lower contribution from current assimilation in this genotype.


In this paper a simplified approach to footbridge serviceability assessment under lateral crowd loading is proposed. The approach is based on the determination of a limit crowd density, which causes the lateral acceleration of the deck to reach the human perceptibility threshold. The approach relies on a lateral load model that describes the action of both uncorrelated and synchronised among-each-other pedestrians by proposing a law that links the percentage of synchronised pedestrians to the value of the crowd density, which is assumed to be uniformly distributed along the span. The approach is applied to three case studies and the results are compared with those obtained through the application of other serviceability and stability criteria.


Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen with steadily diverse habitats and rich food supplies,is inhabited by many different bird species. Nineteen bird species were observed feeding mainly on fruits of twenty-one tree species in the garden during autumn and winter. The tree fruits eaten by birds are mainly of fleshy types such as drupes,pomes, berries or cones.When the fruits getting matured, their colours usually become conspicuously red,black or yellow,which are very attractive to fruit-eating birds. The frugivorous birds handled the fruits by ways of ①ingesting the fruits in or beneath the tree crowns, sometimes regurgitating the seeds soon after; ②picking the fruits up away from the trees, then swallowing it or pecking it at their perching sites; ③crushing the fruit coats, and eat seeds from it. The frugivorous birds can obtain necessary nutrients from the fruits, and promote the dispersal of the seeds of the fleshy fruits enclosed by hard seed coat or by hard endocarp within their habitats.


Experimental measurements of the aerodynamic characteristics of five close-coupled wing-canard configurations up to moderately high angles of attack are used to evaluate the ability of the nonlinear vortex lattice method (NLVLM) to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of such configurations. The longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients, the rolled-up vortex trajectories, and the pressure distributions are compared for the five wing-canard configurations, as well as for the three wing planforms for which experimental data is available. The investigation includes the effects of varying the canard deflections and the canard positions relative to the wing of the various configurations. The lift- and induced-drag coefficients which are evaluated by the NLVLM for the wing-canard configurations are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data up to the angle of attack of 20-25 deg. The NLVLM works even better for wings alone in that the pitching moment can also be well-predicted. Therefore, this analysis tool can potentially be used in the "design by analysis" process employed during the preliminary design for wing-canard configurations. Nomenclature AR = aspect ratio b - wing span, mm CD = induced-drag coefficient based on wing planform area CL = lift coefficient based on wing planform area Cm = pitching moment coefficient based on wing area and wing root chord Cp = pressure coefficient when Ap is the "lifting"


Objective: To evaluate whether fecal calprotectin (FC) and fecal lactoferrin (FL) can be used as noninvasive markers in children and young people (4–17 years) with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 3 groups of children: those with active IBD, control individuals with other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (GI control) and control individuals with no GI disease (non-GI control). The number of patients for the FC assay was as follows: IBD = 26, GI control = 30, non-GI control = 25. The number of patients for the FL assay was as follows: IBD = 24, GI control = 26, non-GI = 24. FC and FL were measured by use of enzyme-linked immunoassays. Results: The median concentrations of FC and FL in isolation, and their interaction, were significantly higher in the IBD group than in the GI and non-GI control groups (P < 0.001). Although the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity for FC, FL, and FC × FL interaction were significantly better than chance, FL consistently had the lowest area under the curve, and FC × FL consistently had the highest area under the curve. Conclusions: FC and FL are both significantly elevated in children with IBD, and the interaction of these 2 biomarkers may produce a better initial diagnostic test compared with their use in isolation.


A field study to determine soil arthropods associated with termite monitoring stations (Sentricon®, DowAgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.) was conducted on Penang Island, Malaysia. The effects of environmental parameters and wood species [namely southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.), rubber (Hevea brasilliensis), jelutong (Dyera costulata ) and terentang (Campnosperma aunculata)] as monitoring stakes on the abundance of soil arthropods in the monitoring stations were studied. A total of 16 types of arthropods were found, with acarines (mites) being the most abundant (59.8 ± 9.9 % of the total of 72 stations). Other arthropods that were also frequently found included collembolans (springtails), isopods (sowbugs and pillbugs), formicids (ants), chilopods (centipedes), diplopods (millipedes) and aranea (spiders). Some environmental parameters affected the prevalence of soil arthropods in monitoring stations. Collembolan prevalence decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing rainfall. Aranea and formicid prevalence decreased with increasing soil moisture, while aranea were more abundantly found in monitoring stations with increasing soil temperature. We also found interaction between soil pH and soil organic matter content affecting the abundance of four arthropod groups (acarines, chilopods, diplopods and formicids). Different wood species used as monitoring stakes did not appear to affect the prevalence of soil arthropods in monitoring stations.


Orbital inflammatory disease includes a broad spectrum of disorders, ranging from diffuse involvement of multiple orbital structures to localized tissue inflammation. Orbital myositis is the most common non thyroid cause of orbital muscle diseases and may be idiopathic or secondary to any systemic and localized inflammatory disorders. We report a case of 69 year old female who presented with swelling of right eye muscles. There was no history of trauma, thyroid dysfunction or infection at this time. The laboratory data revealed normal T3, T4, TSH and ESR. The antinuclear antibodies were negative. CT scan of orbit defined soft tissue density mass was found in right orbit along the superior and lateral aspect. She did not show major response to steroid and immunosuppressant so was treated with external beam radiation. At 1 year follow up, clinically and radiologically she was in remission.


Hypothesis / aims of study Persistence with medications has been shown to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. Overactive bladder (OAB) patients are typically treated with oral medications, including antimuscarinics (AMs) and mirabegron before progressing to more invasive treatments such as intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA), sacral neuromodulation (SNM), and peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). The objective of this study was to compare healthcare costs in OAB patients who persisted on mirabegron versus OAB patients who switched from mirabegron to other OAB treatments.


THIS ESSAY SUMS UP THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE HAVE BEEN PUT UNDER LEGAL REGULATION. IT ALSO INCLUDES AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT DOCTRINAL CURRENTS THAT HAVE EMERGED TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND TAX PAYERS, WHICH ALLOW TO INFER THE NEED TO CONSTRUCT SUCH RELATIONSHIP IN TERMS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. MOREOVER, THE ESSAY SHOWS THE LOGICAL BELONGING OF FINANCIAL AND TAX LAW TO THE BROADER AREA OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, AND JUSTIFIES THE SPANISH ""CONTENTIOUS-ADMINISTRATIVE"" JURISDICTION, AS A COMMON MECHANISM TO ACHIEVE THE JUDICIAL CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATIVE, FINANCIAL AND TAX ACTIVITIES. LASTLY, IT IS ARGUED IN FAVOR OF AN EASY ACCESS TO THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE, AS A NECESSARY REQUIREMENT T


Many embedded systems belong to the class of reactive systems, which actively reacts to the environmental inputs and generates correct and effective outputs. However in this paper we will keep our discussion limited to a known Synchronous & Reactive language Esterel. Esterel is both a programming language, dedicated to programming synchronous, reactive systems, and a compiler which translates Esterel programs into finite-state machines. It belongs to the category of Synchronous languages, like SyncCharts, Lustre, Argos or Signal. These languages are particularly well-known to be used for programming reactive systems. Which also includes real-time systems and control automata.
This paper aim is to make an idea that when a language (Esterel) already reviewed as Imperative language that means it works like Imperative style and also reviewed as Synchronous & Reactive language individually then why not it is called as the combination of both Imperative, Synchronous & Reactive language. For that we have to just follow the mechanism of different reference papers and composite different angle of the language (Esterel) that it is imperative language, it is Synchronous & Reactive language. Then we had just made coordination that 'Esterel is an Imperative, Synchronous and Reactive Language'.


Nowadays, there is a vast range of resources that offer precise models of the morphology of the earth's surface. These data is often provided as height fields that can be applied to numerous applications such as hydrological analysis, management of natural resources, visual impact assessment and military and urban planning, among others. The simplest choice for representing a DEM is a regular mesh, where the values represent the elevation which is stored at regular intervals. Thus, the usage of grid Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in digital cartography allows the 3D representation of terrain on virtual globes. On visual applications these DEM are often represented by regular grids of triangles called Triangular Regular Networks or TRN. However, nowadays graphics hardware can not deal the complexity of full resolution DEM models. On multi level of detail systems, such as Hierarchical LoD (HLOD) schemes, TRNs of different resolutions can represent at the same time different zones of the rendered terrain based on the parameters of the user's view. Areas on which the DEM has a lower resolution than their corresponding mesh must be interpolated, whereas coarser levels of detail rely on the downsampling of the DEM. The generation of these coarser models for representing the same terrain on TRN can be achieved through various methodologies. On this work, we present a novel pipeline for the optimization of TRN meshes aimed to represent DEM at different LoDs. An algebraic approach based on iterative minimization of an error function is presented. Moreover, the resolution complexity problem is tackled, and various simplification techniques are shown and tested. In order to validate the presented approach, several DEM have been selected and processed. Concretely, several high resolution terrain models of the Canary Islands (Spain) have been used. These seven islands offer different terrain profiles, containing mountainous regions, gentle landscapes, ravines and cliffs, as well as long coastal areas. This variety of morphology is vital for the analysis to achieve general conclusions. For each one of these selected models, the resulting meshes are compared with analogous results of other downsampling methods. Moreover, the impact of the used complexity reduction strategies is analyzed, which sets boundaries to their applicability to the optimization process.


The metal–organic framework (MOF) was first utilized as an amplification platform for fluorescence anisotropy assay, which was identified to be effective for highly sensitive detection of DNA.


As new gate materials become increasingly interesting in conjunction with tunnel oxides, new deposition techniques have to be developed that deposit thin metal layers without degrading the gate dielectric. Recently, atomic layer deposition has been identified as a suitable method to deposit refractory metal alloys with well-defined properties. For the first time, a recently developed automated characterization of capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves is employed to identify challenges during the initiation of a metal atomic layer deposition process. While some problems were eliminated by adapting the deposition process, others will require further process or tool modifications to reduce the nonuniformities observed within each wafer. The temperature dependence of the C–V curves indicates an unintended titanium-rich layer at the interface, which disappears after annealing above 800 °C. A further development of the surface pretreatment and subsequent deposition will be necessary to avoid this phenomenon. In this...


Biomass burning on a global scale injects a substantial quantity of gaseous and particulate matter emissions into the troposphere. Some of these combustion products are known to accumulate in the atmosphere and are implicated in observed changes in tropospheric composition and chemistry. The practice of open burning of biomass has come under close examination as a result of its pollution potential. In the United States, most biomass burning is managed in order to limit pollutant release. Recently, it has been inferred that biomass burning may produce a net increase in the concentration of "greenhouse gases" and particles in the atmosphere. Estimates of the quantity of biomass consumed globally per year vary widely, but generally Seiler and Crutzen's (1980) estimate of 5 x 10 g yr1 (grams per year) is regarded as accurate to within a factor of 2. The degree of consumption of total available biomass is affected by the quantity of biomass present, size distribution of the fuel, precipitation history for the site, condition of the vegetation, local meteorology, and a host of other . factors. Combustion characteristics vary widely from vegetation types ranging from tropical grasslands to subarctic forest. As a result, the total emissions released are a complex function of many variables (Ward, 1990). Factors contributing to the total release of a particular pollutant species from a biomass fire can be quantitatively described by the following expression:


Abstract: Kotagede Mosque Mataram is one of the oldest mosques in Yogyakarta. This building is a mosque relics Mataram that can still be seen now and also still used as a function. One of the historic places in this city is the Great Mosque Kotagede built during the reign of Mataram in 1640 by Sulthan the Great. Kotagede Mosque Mataram also as one of the spreading of Islam religion

Keywords: Kotagede Mosque of Mataram; Tourist, Tourism; Tourism Object.


The community in Anak Setatah Village has made efforts to conserve and rehabilitate mangrove forest ecosystems that have been damaged by abrasion, land conversion and  mangrove forest encroachment. The TEGAS Community Group (Pokmas) established a mangrove nursery and planting business independently. The existence of mangrove forests that grow well can provide opportunities for the development of tourist villages. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of mangrove forests in Anak Setatah Village, Riau Province for the development of community-based tourism villages. The research uses survey methods, there are 3 (three) research locations, namely Station I of the mangrove tourism area (Dusun Karet settlement), Station II of the mangrove tourism area (mangrove forest conservation) and Station III of the mangrove tourism area (Dusun Karet beach). Research activities have been carried out in October 2021-January 2022. The results showed that the density of mangroves growing in the mangrove forest ecosystem of Anak Setatah Village, namely Station I, was 1122 ind/ha; Station II  is 1799 ind/ha and Station III is 1289 ind/ha. Mangrove density at Station I and Station III is classified as medium category, at Station II is classified as very dense category. the results of the identification of mangrove vegetation in Station I obtained 2 species of mangrove (Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina); Station II obtained 4 mangrove species (Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina); and Station III obtained 2 species of mangrove (Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina). The results showed that the mangrove forest ecosystem in Anak Setatah Village had an average IKW value, namely the appropriate category (S2) with an average IKW value at Station I (61.84%); Very suitable category (S1) with an average IKW score at Station II (84.21%) and suitable category (S2) with an average IKW score at Station III (65.79%). Overall the three research stations have the characteristics of mangrove forests that grow well and the community plays an active role in preserving the mangrove forest so that it provides opportunities to be developed as a tourist village.


focal point. The spectacular success of the book surprised both publisher and author since Green was relatively unknown at the time; sales of 32,000 were achieved even in the first year and a grand total in due course of half a million. His kind of 'people-centred' social history caught the imagination of a democratising society. Brundage explores the complex mixture of reasons which explains Green's movement in the direction of this kind of history the straitened circumstances of his own family background, his religious convictions, political views, and his work as a Church of England curate in the East End of London. Green disparaged what he termed 'drum and trumpet history' and aimed to make 'the growth, political, social, religious, intellectual, of the people itself' the central thread of his study. '1 have devoted more space to Chaucer than to Cressy', he declared, 'to Caxton than to the petty strife of Yorkist and Lancastrian, the Poor Law of Elizabeth than to her victorv at Cadiz, to the Methodist revival than to the escape of the Young Pretender'.' There is much in Green's Short History, as Brundage makes clear, that is unmistakably Whiggish in nature and the fact that he devoted so much space about a third of the whole text to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gave ample scope for these convictions to be indulged. And yet even here Green's distinctiveness came through. His account of Puritanism was much less rapturous and more ambivalent than was common at the time and his judgements on Charles 1 and Cromwell more balanced. Green, as this study makes clear, had a keen interest in literature. Shakespeare fascinated him because of his position at the junction of two epochs, the age of the Renaissance and the age of Puritanism, but the drama of the period, he insisted, pulsated not simply with the energy of individual writers but with the variety and collective vitality of the people as a whole. 'The people itself', he declared, 'brought its nobleness and its vileness to the boards. Wild, reckless, defiant of all past tradition, of all conventional laws, the English dramatists owned no teacher, no source of poetic inspiration, but the people itself'. Quotations such as this one, and Brundage has a good eye for them, demonstrate another reason for Green's success his racy, accessible style. His earlier experience as a journalist writing regularly for the Saturday Remeur; for instance, from 1867 was important here and equipped him to reach a wide audience. Brundage holds back, however, from a full analysis of the historian's style and so passes by the opportunity to broaden his historiographical study into an interdisciplinary one.


The prevalence of obesity worldwide has been steadily increasing. This has generated an uptake in research determining the cause of obesity. One of the primary drivers that have been identified is the "obesogenic environment', which is an environment that contains features that increase excess weight in individuals or populations. Obesogenic environments are unevenly distributed with socio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods being more affected.

 This survey is part of the CIVISANO ('Community-based participatory research to tackle the disparities in health-enhancing lifestyle within the municipality environment') project, which will be conducted in two municipalities. Respondents will be socio-economically disadvantaged adults between 25- and 65-years old. To gain information on individual characteristics and perceptions of the obesogenic environment, residents will be invited to complete a survey. Since it is known that socio-economically disadvantaged respondents are difficult to reach a non-random active recruitment approach will be applied. The following variables are included in the survey: sociodemographic information, subjective health and anthropometrics, dietary habits, food security and physical activity. Items from the SPOTLIGHT project survey and NEMS-P survey were added to assess respondent's perceptions of features of the obesogenic environment. Additional variables on individual characteristics were based on items from the Belgian National Health Interview Survey of 2019.

 Through the survey, we expect to gain insight into the perceptions of socio-economically disadvantaged adults on obesogenic features of their local environment. Initial results from the survey will be available in the upcoming months.

 The construction of instruments to assess the context-specific features, which can be compared with objective measurements, can increase our knowledge of contextual determinants of the obesogenic environment.

 The first Flemish survey that focuses on perceptions of socio-economically disadvantaged adults on obesogenic features of their local environment in the municipal context. Gaining a better understanding of the local obesogenic environment creates an opportunity to promote and strengthen the development of effective local interventions to build healthier environments.


In this paper, we consider the problem of robust face recognition using color information. In this context, sparse representation-based algorithms are the state-of-the-art solutions for gray facial images. We will integrate the existing sparse representation-based algorithms with color information and this integration can improve the previous performances significantly. Furthermore, we propose a new performance metric, namely the discriminativeness (DIS) to describe the recognition effectiveness for sparse representation algorithms. We find out that the richer information in color space can be used to increase the DIS, i.e. enhancing the robustness in face recognition. Extensive experiments have been conducted under different conditions, including various feature extractors, random pixel corruptions and occlusions on AR and GT databases, to demonstrate the advantages of using color information in robust face recognition. Detailed analysis is also included for each experiment to explain why and how color improve the robustness of different sparse representation-based methods.


The treatment of mandibular fractures has been in a constant state of evolution over the past few decades. The most significant advancements related to the management of fractures of the man‐ dible are based on specific technical refinements in the methods of internal fixation. Also there is improvement in the knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology, pharmacology and biomaterial science which influence our current management of mandibular fractures. Recent mandibular fracture management techniques have allowed for decreased infection rates and biological sta‐ ble fixation of bone segments. This philosophy produces bony union and restoration of prein‐ jury occlusion and normally eliminates the need for wire maxillomandibular immobilization. All this adds up to a faster, safer, more comfortable return to function. In spite of the presence of these modern techniques, closed reduction has by no means fallen by the wayside and still re‐ mains a commonly used procedure.This chapter presents an overview of general treatment principles in the management of mandibular fractures and also discusses the treatment strat‐ egies in detail depending on the age and anatomical site involved (symphysis, angle, condyle etc). Mandibular fractures in children and adults need different treatment approaches. Similar‐ ly, fractures of different anatomical sites in the mandible need different treatment modalities; they differ in their biomechanics, treatment requirements and complications. So each fracture is discussed individually taking care of the different schools of thought and controversies regard‐ ing their management. Major advances in the treatment of mandibular fracture in terms of bio‐ materials and minimally invasive surgical techniques are also discussed.


Oral Mucosal white lesions have been commonly found in the oral cavity as white coloured patches. Although most of these lesions appear similar to each other, their identification requires an integrated approach which includes a detailed history, clinical examination and appropriate investigations.


This paper deals with the procedure and principle of computer program design for use in oil-gas geochemical exploration in boreholes, and also treats on the utilization of the data analysis results and its geological significance. This system software has the function of calculation of in-situ testing results, oil-gas anomaly discrimination, multivariate data analysis, selection of chief indices, and facilitating report preparation etc.


Abstract The literature on global mindset indicates a growing array of different approaches to its definition and conceptualization. The components making up global mindset are often unclear and vary significantly between studies. Concomitantly, global mindset shows major overlap with the cultural intelligence construct. This leads to an unfortunate lack of comparability of research results and to potential confusion for readers. In this article, the authors systematically review and synthesize the existing definitions and conceptualizations of global mindset and cultural intelligence. These definitions and conceptualizations are grouped according to four dimensions of cross-cultural competencies: personal attributes, cognitive knowledge and skills, motivation, and resources for adapting behavior. Based on this analysis, we provide definitions and a demarcation of the constructs global mindset and cultural intelligence using the three levels of business management (normative, strategic, and operative). Whereas cultural intelligence is a sufficient cross-cultural competency for employees working in operative management, a global mindset becomes highly relevant at the strategic and normative management levels. We derive implications for management practice as well as for future research.


It has good adhesion to an insulating film such as a polyimide film, and to provide an adhesive composition having excellent dielectric properties. A carboxyl group-containing styrene-based elastomer (A), an adhesive composition containing an epoxy resin (B), the content of the epoxy resin (B), the carboxyl group-containing styrene-based elastomer (A) 100 from 1 to 20 parts by mass per part by mass, and adhesive composition, characterized in that the dielectric constant of the cured adhesive was measured at a frequency 1GHz is less than 2.5.


Purpose: Echocardiographic 2D speckle tracking left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS, %) has been proposed as an index of LV systolic function and a possible substitute of biplane ejection fraction (EFb, %), given its semi-automatic calculation modality. Peak systolic GLS (GLPS) is calculated online, but maximum GLS (GLMS, which includes post-ejection strain) offline. Aim of this study was to analyse determinants of and differences between GLPS and GLMS in identifying EFb< 50% in unselected patients.

Methods: We studied 300 consecutive patients with (203) and without (97) heart diseases undergoing echocardiography (ranges, age: 14-93 y., HR: 40-130 bpm, systolic arterial pressure: 90-180 mmHg, EFb: 15-78%), using a GE Vivid7 system and offline analysis on Echopac v12. GLPS and GLMS were derived by LV wall tracking in the 3 apical views. Low normal cutoffs for GLPS and GLMS were set respectively at -17% and -18% (based on lower 5% percentile of 60 previously screened normal subjects).

Results: GLPS and GLMS correlated highly (r=0.92, p<0.001). At multiple regression analysis, LV end-diastolic volume index, relaxation (tissue Doppler Ea) and stroke index (LV outflow pulsed Doppler) similarly determined GLPS (r=0.87, p<0.001) and GLMS (r=0.88, p<0.001); the former was also influenced by LV myocardial performance index (contractility), filling pressure (tissue Doppler E/Ea) and mass index. Relaxation did not influence EFb. For both GLPS and GLMS, feasibility and accuracy were high and negative (NPV) was superior to positive (PPV) predictive value in identifying EFb <50% (Table). Compared to patients with normal EFb and GLPS, those with reduced GLPS but normal EFb were characterized by concentric LV hypertrophy (p<0.001) and prolonged relaxation (p=0.002).

View this table:

Identification of EFb (feasibility = 100%

Conclusions: Both GLPS and GLMS are highly feasible and accurate in identifying reduced EFb in unselected patients. Given similar physiopathologic determinants, the online modality of the former makes it a preferred modality to evaluate global LV systolic function, with the added value of identifying patients with normal EFb and diastolic (prolonged relaxation) dysfunction.


The gradual (soon to be exponential) increase in the geriatric population has stimulated a great deal of interest in and a plethora of publications on the systemic disease that is known as osteoporosis. Chapter 1 begins with the statement that "osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture [Consensus Development Conference, 1993]." Osteoporosis is the result of the destruction of processes that normally maintain skeletal balance. Kanis discusses the manner in which skeletal mass is …


Based on analyzing the structure of omni-directional laser warning system,the contradiction between wide field of view and the narrow-band spectrum filter is expounded.The Fabry-Perot model is set up.And the transmissivity of the filter vary to different incident angle is analyzed from the factors such as reflectivity of the reflective coating,phase jump and optical path difference.The relationship formula of incident angle and the transmissivity is given out,and its validity is verified by experiment.


The relevance of the analytical review of the ample studies into the geological and geophysical characteristics of rocks which determine the reservoir potential as well as oil, gas and gas condensate content in the Meso-Cenozoic formations age is quite obvious. The most important source of knowledge on productivity of oil and gas reservoirs and the whole field as a whole is information on such petrophysical characteristics as carbonate, porosity, permeability, density, grain size distribution, sealing and elastic properties (longitudinal wave velocity) of the rocks. The research also estimated the average values of physical characteristics, the dependence of reservoir properties on the occurrence depth and the relationship of physical parameters [1–4]. The research results over the survey areas are presented in a tabular form and reveal variation in the physical properties of various type reservoirs in time and space, including the patterns of their change across the pay thickness. Preliminary estimates show that the physical properties of homonymous coeval rocks vary significantly as a result of geological and physical processes.


We introduce the optimal stopping problem of an infinite sequence of records associated with a planar Poisson process. This problem serves as a limiting form of the classical full information best-choice problem. A link between the finite problem and its limiting form is established via embedding n i.i.d. observations into the planar process.


Adaptive Backstepping Control Design.- Adaptive Backstepping Control.- Adaptive Control of Time-Varying Nonlinear Systems.- Multivariable Adaptive Control.- Decentralized Stabilization of Interconnected Systems.- Nonsmooth Nonlinearities.- Nonsmooth Nonlinearities.- Backstepping Control of Systems with Backlash Nonlinearity.- Inverse Control of Systems with Backlash Nonlinearity.- Stabilization of Interconnected Systems with Backlash Nonlinearity.- Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems with Dead-Zone Nonlinearity.- Adaptive Control of Systems with Input Saturation.- Control of a Hysteretic Structural System in Base Isolation Scheme.- Control of a Piezo-Positioning Mechanism with Hysteresis.


Outliers are observations (data) that lies in an abnormal distance from other observations. Outliers can be distinguished into outliers of univariate or multivariate observation and outliers of univariate or multivariate linear models. Multivariate linear model is a linear model with more than one dependent (response) variables. This research studied parameter estimation and hypothesis test for multivariate linear model using Likelihood Displacement Statistic-Lagrange Method called as LDL method for detecting outlier observations in multivariate linear models with the LDLAm statistical test.


Forecasting models for bond yields often use macro data to improve their properties. Unfortunately, macro data are not available at frequencies higher than monthly. In order to mitigate this problem, we propose a nonlinear VEC model with conditional heteroskedasticity (NECH) and find that such model has superior in-sample performance than models which fail to encompass nonlinearities and/or GARCH-type effects. Out-of-sample forecasts by our model are marginally superior to competing models; however, the data points we used for evaluating forecasts refer to a period of relative tranquillity on the financial markets, whereas we argue that our model should display superior performance under "unusual" circumstances.


It is shown that there exist finite optimum update positions in the gradient direction of the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. The optimum stepsizes to reach these positions are in a discrete set. On this basis, a new adaptive filter (ADF) algorithm is proposed. The discrete cosine transform, a fairly good approximation of the Karhunen-Loeve transform for a large number of signal classes, is used to estimate the optimum stepsizes. A block-averaging operation is also used for smoothing the gradient estimate. Computer simulations show that the proposed ADF algorithm provides fast convergence rates when the input signal autocorrelation matrix has either large or small eigenvalue spread (ratio of the largest to the smallest eigenvalues). The number of multiplications required by the new ADF is about 11 log/sub 2/ (N)+12, which is comparable to the 10 log/sub 2/ (N)+8 required by the fast LMS algorithm. >


By the 21 day, wound canal was closed and epithalamus restored for the animals of the II group. There was no hair follicle at the place of the wound. The scar was not determined. At the place of the wound the coverlet was regenerated (FIG.3а). At the same period of time, the canal of wound was absent and epithalamus appeared on the wound edges in the group of control. Considerable quantity of neucrotic dendrite was on the surface of the wound, inflammatory reaction inside (FIG.3b).


The addition reaction of fluoroiodoacetates 2 to various electron-rich alkenes 3 initiated by iron powder in dry THF at 70–80 °C gave 1 : 1 adducts 4 in good yields. A variety of functionalities in the alkenes such as trimethylsilyl, alkoxy, acetoxy, hydroxy and ester could be tolerated under the reaction conditions. Reduction of the adducts 4 with Zn–AcOH in ethanol or Zn–NiCl2·6H2O in moist THF was readily accomplished, and the overall procedure was amenable to a convenient one-flask procedure. Treatment of fluoroiodoacetates 2 with electron-deficient alkenes 7 in the presence of an Fe–CrCl3·6H2O– bpy bimetal redox system in ethanol at 70–80 °C resulted in the formation of iodine-free 1:1 adducts 8 in moderate to good yields. It is proposed that the addition reactions of fluoroiodoacetates 2 to electron-rich and electron-deficient alkenes proceeded through a single-electron-transfer mechanism.


Cooperative spectrum sensing plays vital role to detect existence of licensed user and avoid harmful interference. However, with the rise in spectrum sensing users' results, rise in reporting time, bandwidth utilization and communication overhead. To realize spectrum sensing, how to collect the sensing information from users, to decrease reporting time is problem of major concern. In this paper, we propose ordered-sequential reporting mechanism to reduce reporting time and communication overhead by collecting reports of the secondary users based on their reliability to meet the global decision requirement. The secondary users with high reliability transmit sensing information to the fusion center, which ultimately reduces reporting time and communication overhead. In the numerical results, we show that proposed ordered-sequential reporting has better performance than the order-less sequential reporting scheme.


This article is dedicated to peculiarities of passing through the third procedural stage of decision-making in situations of moral choice. The comparison of alternative options is the determining factor in the third stage of the decision-making process. During the choice of an alternative hypothesis, respondents compare the various options for solving situations of moral choice and determine the option of their own actions, which were investigated with the help of the third series of the author's methodology «Situations of the moral choice» and specially de-veloped accounting criteria. The analysis of determinative factors of the decision by the person of situations of moral choice was carried out taking into account its two sides — semantic and procedural. The semantic context of the decision is determined by the personal readiness of the subjects to take a conscious and responsible position in dealing with situations of moral choice, the procedural context is based on the clas-sical decision-making model. In the course of the research it was established that the semantic arguments used by respondents during the analysis of the presented variants of the decision of the stimulating situations of moral choice in the majority contained moral beliefs (68.4 %) and ideological attitudes (19.8 %). Also, the subjects were able to evaluate the solutions from the point of view of their abilities, life experience (31.9 %), and also con-sidering the circumstances of the situations being solved (17.5 %) and the specifics of their participants (26.1 %). Thus, a comparison of alternative solutions to situations of moral choice during the passage of the third procedural stage was carried out on the basis of the established system of value and sense personal coordinates.


An apparatus is disclosed for a mobile terminal comprising an antenna, a printed circuit board installed in a terminal body and an antenna receiving portion formed on one side of the terminal body formounting the antenna. The antenna is slidably-inserted in the antenna receiving portion to elastically and electrically couple the antenna to an antenna contact portion on the printed circuit board.


Economics in the future should embody "the welfare economics of markets" in a dynamic, nonequilibrium, evolutionary framework. This economics will include a "return to increasing returns" as a central research program. And, relatedly, the intersection between economics and ethics will necessarily assume more significance.


In the information society,libraries of private universities shall be fully aware of the urgency and importance of information quality education for university students.The libraries can adopt a variety of measures to implement the information quality education,so as to raise students'information quality.


We evaluated 133adult CD patients at diagnosis and 70 healthy controls. Fifty-three patients completed questionnaires every 3 months duringthe first year and more than 4 years after diagnosis. GERDsymptoms were evaluated using a subdimension of the Gastro-intestinal Symptoms Rating Scale for heartburn and regurgita-tion domains.


Exercise performed inthesupine position bypatients withcongestive failure was foundtocause notonly a greater elevation oftheperipheral venous pressurethanitcauses innormal persons, butalso aproportionately greater fall oftheplasma volume. IT ISNOW generally accepted that inheart failure ofalltypes thecardiac output isreduced relative totheneeds ofthebodyat thattime.'-3 Beyond thishowever, disagreementanduncertainty still confound ourideas ofthecausal interrelationships between this mechanical incompetence oftheheart andthe phenomena ofclinical heart failure. Thus, the elevation ofthevenouspressure isregarded bysomeasrelated directly tothedecrease in cardiac output andastheprimary orinitiating causeofedema.4- Byother workers7-9 itis viewed asa purely static manifestation produced bytheincrease oftheextracellular fluid volume orattimes bychanges invenoustone. Inthisregard though, itisworthrecalling that manyobservers'0 11havenotedthatexercise produces anabnormally great riseof theperipheral venouspressure inpersons with cardiac failure eventhough theperipheral venouspressure atrestmayhavebeennormal. Thishasrecently beenconfirmed byFelsovanyiandLewis'2 andbyothers.'3 14Byincreasing thebody's demandsbeyond thecapabilities ofa heart barely "compensated" at rest, exercise renders latent heart failure obvious. Landis, Brown, Fauteux andWise4 have goneintothisproblem, using dogs. Theyligated a coronary artery orinduced auricular fibrillation tosimulate clinical myocardial incompetence. Theythenfoundthatexercise caused thecentral venouspressure torise, though ithadnotrisen during similar exercise beforehand. Theywereledtopropose anhypothesis toaccount forthesequence ofevents indeveloping heart failure which maybeparaphrased asfollows:


number of practical guidelinesabout how to address them. The work is accompanied by a Python script (available at https: // github. com/ jotaraul/ object_ recognition_ in_ python ) to put them into practice using state-of-the-art techniques (from libraries like Pandas or Scikit-learn ), and aims to be a valuable resource for education, or as initiation to any enthusiastic in the topic.


Structure, coordination and communication are core elements of organizational models. This paper combines different organizational perspectives by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), Schoonhoven and Jeline...


The energy router is considered as the core equipment of the energy internet. When it is applied to manage the distribution grid, it will bring some dynamic stability problems. This paper establishes the main distribution gird and the user subgrids model of the distribution system managed by energy routers and verifies their correctness through frequency sweep. For scenarios of the subgrids expansion and the operation mode switching of subgrids managed by energy routers, the influence of the subgrids on the stability of the regional distribution system are analyzed based on the Generalized Nyquist criterion. Finally, a control method based on the virtual impedance which can improve the system stability is proposed.


Monocular vision-based vehicle detection is a low-cost solution for active safety and driver assistance systems (ASDA). However, the depth estimation deviates its true value when the flat ground assumption does not hold. In this paper, we propose a stereo approach with a large baseline to address the issue without extracting three-dimensional features from disparity map. The proposed system first searches vehicle template among possible discrete rectangle boxes in the image pair. The system detects the presence, and estimates the distance of a vehicle simultaneously. This joint problem of detection and matching can be formulated as a minimal cost flow problem, which can be solved efficiently. The experimental results show that not only we have a redundant monocular vision system, but also the performance of both detection and range estimation is significantly enhanced.


The formation of an inclusion compound and the interaction of both ionic and hydrogen bonding were shown to be indispensable in the asymmetric reduction of keto acid in the presence of 6-deoxy-6-amino-β-cyclodextrin with NaBH4 in an aqueous buffer solution. Furthermore, multiple interactions were elucidated and the enantioface differentiating reduction was induced in the concerted interactions. A mechanistic scheme for the enantioface differentiating attack of a reducing-reagent on the included substrate was suggested.


With the development of economic globalization and entrepreneurship research,people have paid more and more attention to the research on international entrepreneurship,a new field without complete theoretical framework and involving many disciplines.In this paper,an investigation of the background,definition,new main body,new incentives,and new driving force related to this subject and of its future research orientation is conducted based on the findings by the researchers at home and abroad,providing useful reference for further study in this field.


Curriculum and Assessment in an Age of Computer Algebra Systems. ERIC Digest................................................................... 1 RESEARCH ON ASSESSMENT WITH CAS TECHNOLOGY.......... 2 TEACHER ACCOUNTS OF ASSESSMENT WITH CAS TECHNOLOGY............................................................ 3 CURRICULUM ISSUES....................................................... 4 REFERENCES.................................................................. 4


A detailed response surface methodology for L-(+)-lactic acid production by lactobacillus casei was carried out to optimize the C/N ratio of the fermentation medium using the experimental design. The first study tested two factors(organic nitrogen sources and inorganic nitrogen sources)and one medium point was performed. The second factorial design was based on surface response with four factors (glucose concentration, peptone concentration, NH_(4)Cl concentration, (NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4) concentration). The statistical analysis of the data obtained from the factorial study showed that a C/N ratio of 12~13 and the glucose concentration of 120.13 (g/L), peptone concentration of 19.342 g/L,NH_(4)Cl concentration of 4 g/L, and (NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4) concentration of 2.010 g/L were the optimal condition, with L-(+)-lactic acid concentration as high as 103 g/L obtained.


Surface heat transfer coefficients (h) for steam/air mixtures were studied in a vertical, positive flow retort and a horizontal, forced circulation Lagarde retort, using rectangular metal bricks. Influences of test brick orientation and fractional steam content (S), temperature, flow rate and direction of the heating medium on h values were studied. In both retorts, steam content was found to be the major factor (p 0.05). Flow direction and flow rate in the positive flow retort, and brick orientation in the Lagarde retort also influenced h. Exponential equations, h = a exp (bS), described relationships between h and S, with a and b dependent upon retort type, flow rate, flow direction and test brick orientation.


Chest radiograph findings include an air–fluid level owing to stasis in a thoracic oesophagus filled with retained secretions and food, and a small or absent gastric bubble. A barium swallow study may be used to confirm oesophageal dilatation and gives classical bird's beak sign. Oesophageal manometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of achalasia, to find out aperistalsis of the distal oesophagus and a lower oesophageal sphincter resting pressure of more than 45 mmHg. Endoscopy should always be undertaken to rule out a stenosing process at the oesophago-cardiac junction simulating achalasia.


Soil-water characteristic curves of soils can be measured in the laboratory using conventional testing apparatus such as the pressure plate. This paper describes a modified pressure plate apparatus using a commercially available high air entry ceramic plate. The modified pressure plate apparatus has several advantages over the conventional pressure plate apparatus: It can be used to determine both the drying and wetting soil-water characteristic curves, whereas the conventional pressure plate can usually determine only the drying soil-water characteristic curve; the water reservoir beneath the ceramic plate ensures that the ceramic plate is fully saturated at all times; air appearing in the water reservoir due to air diffusion through the ceramic disk can be flushed out by the cross-flow system during the test without stoppage of the test.


This work applies a holographic setup that uses the photorefractive Bi/sub 12/SiO/sub 20/ and Bi/sub 12/TiO/sub 20/ crystals for real-time holography (RTH). This device is connected with an interferogram-analysis method that uses the phase-stepping technique for quantitative measurement of changes on object and topograph. So we captured holographic interferograms from analyzed surface, and calculated the phase and removed the wrapping of tangent function (unwrapping), using the cellular-automata technique, where obtained good results.


The characteristics of loss on ignition (LOI) at 200–500 °C of three types of authentic organic biomolecules (monosaccharides: MSs, fatty acids: FAs, and amino acids: AAs) are evaluated and compare...


A method for recognizing an RFID tag at a high speed is provided to receive all response signals without any data loss when a plurality of RFID tags within recognition area respond to a query signal of an RFID reader at the same time. A slot aloha efficiency for the number of RFID tags unknown through one tag recognition process is found. The number of RFID tags is estimated by using the slot aloha efficiency(S203). A Q parameter for performing an anti-collision algorithm for recognizing the RFID tags based on the give number of RFID tags is determined(S204). The Q parameter is determined based on the given number of RFID tags until all RFID tags are recognized. The RFID tag is recognized by applying the anti-collision algorithm using the Q parameter to an ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 18000-6 type, which is a standard protocol of 860-960MHz(S205).


The establishment, coming into force and fulfil of the deal contract of the house is three different stages. Correct areas divide into and make the come into force and contract the relations of the transformations of ownership s of contract clear three period of stage, and the house property shifts the lega l function registered. This not only has important theory meaning but also have important realistic meanings.


Resources-based city is one of important city types in China.As a result of the industrial structure singleness and relative inferior position,it faces austere problems on how to continue its development after its resources are exhausted.Karamay lies in the border of the northwest of Xinjiang, is a typical resources-based city that is developed and constructed by oil exploration.Taking Karamay city of Xingjiang as an example,this paper quantitatively evaluates sustainable development ability of Karamay city with AHP methods.The study shows that Karamay is at weak sustainable developing stage , sustainable development ability is relatively weak.In the course of development of more than 40 years of Karamay, there are many factors restricting the development of the city.Besides two objective of water resource shortage and remote geographical position , the outstanding restricting factor to the city is singleness in economic industrial structure of Karamay City, which seriously hindered the sustainable development of the economy of Karamay.The prospect of Karamay lies in taking the path to sustainable development through the industrial transformation.The strategy of industrial transformation in Karamay City is to seek the structural insufficiency of supply-demand on the market,explore the diversified industry that foster new economic advantage,choose the surging industry as the leading industry.On one hand, Karamay should optimize production connection , impel the industrial structure to rationalization,realize rational distribution of resource advantage , reasonable development and comprehensive utilization through expanding,shrinking, reorganizing , innovating industry organizations; on the other hand, the city should promote the new leading industry to change and upgrade with the industrious structure, shake off dependence on single petroleum resources, guarantee the sustainable development of the city economy.


The present invention includes: a search path exploration is now connected with a plurality of destination paths; and for a plurality of paths explored by the route search unit, based on the name of the geographic features of the various paths are extracted feature extracting section; and the display device according to the display characteristics of each path of each of the extracted characteristic extraction section.


Measurements of dark adaptation have been done by innumerable investigators using many different technics ever since the classic description of the phenomenon was made in 1865 by Aubert.1It has been only within recent years, however, that any progress has been made toward understanding the process. The intricate nature of the photoreceptor mechanism and the complexity of the retinal mosaic, where sensitivity to light varies throughout the structure, have provided pitfalls which were completely ignored by the early workers, with a resulting obscuration of the process of adaptation. Today, with the proper apparatus, measurement of dark adaptation is a simple procedure which is assuming greater importance in both research and clinical work. The theoretic development of dark adaptation and the working out of a practical technic have been reported in the physiologic rather than the ophthalmologic literature, with the result that the clinical application of the modern technic is


We demonstrate a novel 100G TFDM coherent PON architecture featuring low-cost ECL-free ONU enabled by remote optical carrier delivery through injection locking. System performance shows no degradation compared to a regular ECL based system.


Background: Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a solitary growth on the gingiva which is thought to arise from the periodontal ligament. We report a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in the maxillary anterior region of a 13 year old girl. Case Presentation: The patient presented with a gingival lesion in the maxillary left anterior region of the mouth since 2 weeks. Following thorough full mouth scaling, an excisional biopsy was done and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Healing of the surgical site was uneventful. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings a final diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma was made. Conclusion: The diagnosis warrants for frequent recall interval for monitoring recurrence. This report highlights the importance of definitive diagnosis in order to provide appropriate treatment.


Among the various leaf movements which have been studied, very little attention has been paid to the phototropic movements of the leaves of the so-called compass-plants. In the older American literature the phenomenon of the north-south direction of the leaves of Silphiutm laciniatum is often mentioned (Bay, 2), but little experimental work has been done with this plant. Many investigators (Erman, 3; Stocker, I2; Karsten, 9; Schanderl, 8) have considered these movements merely from an ecological point of view, the physiological basis of the movement being ignored. According to Stahl (i i), who was the first to study the leaf movements of Lactuca scariola, the leaves are diaphototropic, so that they tend to bring their laminae perpendicular to the sunlight. Stahl assumed that the growth conditions were favorable only during the early morning and late evening, that is, only the east and west sun would have an effect on the movements, with the result that all the laminae should point north and south. According to Mayer (5), however, the leaves twist in such a way as to place their laminae in the position in which they are equally illuminated from both sides. In nature, therefore, the leaves should only be in equilibrium if the laminae were pointing north and south. The occurrence of torsions is explained by Mayer by assuming that, if a leaf is unequally illuminated from both sides, the result will be two curvatures at different points of the leaf-base, which would combine to produce a torsion. The same explanation is given by Erman for the movements of the leaves of Iris pseudacoruts. Seybold (9), who studied the torsions in the leaves of Lactutca scariola, was able to prove that the leaves of plants rotating on a clinostat were still twisted. He was, however, unable to detect the northsouth orientation of the leaves, probably on account of the unfavorable weather conditions. As the conditions in Southern California are very favorable for these movements, I was able to study them further. The species used was Lactuca sctriola, which grows abundantly in waste places. The plants were dug out and grown in pots; some experiments were also carried out with plants growing in the field. In the case of a plant grown in the open field, all the leaves point distinctly north and south (text fig. 5). Closer inspection of the leaves shows that these positions are obtained either by torsions of the leaf base or by simple curvatures. The leaves inserted at the north and south sides of the


The humanitarian aid distribution process is a broad activity for helping disaster victims at the right time, with the right needs and at the right place during a disaster. However, there are always issues that could interfere with the humanitarian aid distribution process such as cases of food redundancy, uneven distribution of food supply to disaster victims, food insecurity issues, and volunteers' redundancy during and post disasters. These issues prove that there are weaknesses in managing the humanitarian aid distribution process within disaster management teams. Generally, these issues should be taken care of when the disaster management team was formed either from government agencies or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Both work as the supporting team in giving aids and helping the disaster victims. Therefore, this research reviews the key issues in the humanitarian aid distribution process in Malaysian disaster management. Key findings show that there is no standard operating procedure (SOP) to explain the roles and responsibilities of NGOs that can be used by Government agencies to coordinate NGO contributions to a supporting team. There are five (5) categories of issues that can have a negative impact on the humanitarian aid distribution process and the disaster victims. The issues are information, communication, collaboration, cooperation, and coordination. All disaster management teams should emphasize these issues as they affect effectiveness in dealing with the humanitarian aid distribution process.


Recently, there has been an issue on the importance of using a high-efficiency electrical machinery to reduce an amount of electricity consumption. Especially, in Korea, it is more important to use a high efficiency pump system since 20% of gross domestic electricity consumption has been used to operate pump systems. However, an effort to decrease the cost of electricity energy by using a high efficiency booster pump has not been enough yet. Also, due to the lack of understanding of maintenance management, the economic analysis study of the high efficiency pump system has been conspicuously slow. Therefore, this paper compares the economic efficiency of a high efficiency booster pump with that of a general booster pump and also analyzes the electric energy saving of both pump system through life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) techniques.


In this article, an attractive numeric–analytic algorithm, called the fractional residual power series algorithm, is implemented for predicting the approximate solutions for a certain class of fractional systems of partial differential equations in terms of Caputo fractional differentiability. The solution methodology combines the residual function and the fractional Taylor's formula. In this context, the proposed algorithm provides the unknown coefficients of the expansion series for the governed system by a straightforward pattern as well as it presents the solutions in a systematic manner without including any restrictive conditions. To enhance the theoretical framework, some numerical examples are tested and discussed to detect the simplicity, performance, and applicability of the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulations and graphical plots are provided to check the impact of the fractional order on the geometric behavior of the fractional residual power series solutions. Moreover, the efficiency of this algorithm is discussed by comparing the obtained results with other existing methods such as Laplace Adomian decomposition and Iterative methods. Simulation of the results shows that the fractional residual power series technique is an accurate and very attractive tool to obtain the solutions for nonlinear fractional partial differential equations that occur in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering.


Purpose
COVID-19 was officially declared as a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organisation on 11th March 2020, before the UK was put into lockdown on the 23rd March 2020. Organisations had to reconsider their policies and procedures to allow their businesses to continue. This paper aims to focus on the effects of COVID-19 that the UK construction sector has had to undertake to enable businesses while employees had to adhere to COVID-19 lockdown rules. In addition, how the sector can positively continue once normality has returned within the industry. In doing so, this paper understands the historical issues within the construction sector and has had an effect during COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative research methodology approach was taken to help obtain live information. In total, 19 semi-structured interviews from 15 organisations related to the construction sector were conducted to collect data. This information was evaluated using thematic analysis to arrive at the results, inferences and recommendations to the sector.

Findings
This research has revealed that companies have had to adopt a three-stage process to overcome a new dimensional challenge of COVID-19. These include: 1. Making quick decisions during the first stage of the pandemic. 2. Producing new policies and procedures to restart businesses enabling staff to return to the workplace safely. 3. Implementing methods to future-proof organisations against any potential pandemics. To help organisations future-proof their business five C's are recommended.

Originality/value
This paper provides a rich insight into the understanding and awareness of the effects of COVID-19 and the changes that the construction sector has had to undertake to adhere to the lockdown rules while remaining productive. This research contributes towards informing policymakers on some of the lessons learned during the management of the COVID-19 pandemic from a construction sector perspective.


Recent theories of homogeneous vapor condensation (density functional theory, self-consistent classical theory, phenomenological diffuse interface theory, and the scaling theory by McGraw, Laaksonen, and Talanquer) are compared with experiments on non-polar, weakly polar, and metallic liquids. In accord with a theoretical analysis, remarkable agreement between predictions of the density functional theory and the diffuse interface theory is observed.


This is one consideration of the "other power" thought of Pure Land Buddhism. Concretely, the point of view is applied to the language of Buddha's supernatural power (anubhava or adhisthana) in the Sukhavativyuha, namely terminology and examples of the use of expressions referring to Amitabha Buddha's altruism. There are ten examples in all, and five of the examples are related to the power of the vow of Amitabha (or Buddhas). Although it seems that the meaning of a vow is already contained in adhisthana, from these examples we learn that the power of Amitabha to save is left to this vow's power.


Introduction 1. Pilgrimage Polemics: 'Neos Asklepios Glykon' in Image and Text 2. Discourses of the Body and Travel: The Cultural Context of Healing Pilgrimage 3. The 'Hieroi Logoi' of Aelius Aristides: Aristides before his God in Body and Logos 4. Collecting and Displaying Marvels: Paradoxography and the Asklepieion of Pergamon 5. Choreography and Commemoration: The Asklepieion of Pergamon


Quantum simulation of electronic transport in double gate (DG) field-effect transistors (FETs) and FinFETs is usually deemed to be required as the devices are scaled to the nanometer length-scale. Here, we present results obtained using a simulation program to model ballistic quantum transport in these devices. Our quantum simulations show the presence of quasi bound electronic states in the channel and Fano-interference phenomenon in the transport behavior of ultra-thin body (UTB) Si DG MOSFETs. Vortices in electron wavefunctions are also reported at energies at which transmission zeros (antiresonance) occur.


Effective management of financial flows ensures the solvency of the enterprise, helps to accelerate the turnover of assets and accounts payable, minimize the financial cycle, the release of working capital on this basis and reduce financial dependence on sources of borrowed capital. Evaluation of the criteria for the effectiveness of money management and identification of the reasons for the deviation of indicators from the planned values allow the company to respond quickly to changes in the external and internal environment, to equalize the impact of negative factors. The sources of cash flow are funds received in three main areas, come from operational, investment and financial activities. When analyzing net cash flow, it is possible to determine which of these areas negatively affects the value of net cash flow.


Nude mice bearing xenografts of HT-29 human colon cancer cell line were treated for 4 weeks with a |n-1 rp"| agonist of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), somatostatin analogue (RC-160), and bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide antagonist (RC-309S). Some inhibitory effect of [D-Trp'| LH-RH microcapsules releasing 25 fig/day on tumor growth was observed that could be due to sex steroid deprivation, but the inhibition was not statistically significant. Microcapsules of RC-160, releasing 50 ¿tg/day, significantly reduced tumor volume after 21 and 24 days of treatment, but at the end of the experiment the inhibition in tumor volume and weight was not significant. Bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095, at a dose of 20 Mg/dayadministered by daily s.c. injections or by continuous infusion using Alzet osmotic minipumps, had the greatest inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Tumor volume, percentage change in tumor volume, and tumor weights were significantly decreased in both groups treated with RC-3095. This is the first report on inhibition of human colon cancer growth in vivo by bombesin antagonists.


Edge detection technology is an important pre-treatment means in many fields of fundus image processing,such as feature extraction or image registration based on the feature of images.Experiment proves the validity of above-mentioned methods.HHT is applied to edge detection of fundus image.A method of edge detection based on Bidimensional Empirieal Mode Decomposition(BEMD) is proposed.The experimental results shows that more image details could be retained and not too many false edges detected by the adaptive multi-resolution of HHT.The method provides an effective pre-treatment means for other treatment of fundus images.


A search for the non-conservation of lepton flavor in the decay {tau}{sup {+-}} {yields} e{sup {+-}}{gamma} has been performed with 2.07 x 10{sup 8} e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup -} events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV. They find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching ratio of {Beta}({tau}{sup {+-}} {yields} e{sup {+-}}{gamma}) < 1.1 x 10{sup -7} at 90% confidence level.


Minimization of the problems that humanity faces today is impossible without the organization and implementation of an effective way of culture development. A civilized person is guided by high moral guidelines and is aware of his or her responsibility for the results of his or her actions. Culture is the most common integral characteristic of a human, a leading generic feature. Outside of culture, a human ceases to be a human. The concepts of culture, spirituality, humanism, humanity, kindness, beauty, harmony are synonymous, they complement each other. Culture that represents such value principles is a significant force for uniting of the world community and its progressive transforming into a community of mutual agreement. Therefore, the development of culture of the rising generation has relation to the global problems of humanity. Based on this fact, the invaluable role of a teacher in this process becomes obvious.
Unfortunately, today's reality shows the shortcomings in the training of teachers for educational work. The authors of the article studied the causes of this condition and outlined the ways for their elimination. One of the conditions for the effective development of culture in the applicants for education is an increase in state investments into educational institutions and the state approach to the cultural qualities of the people as the most important capital of the nation.


The complete Type IIB supergravity solutions with 16 supersymmetries are obtained on the manifold AdS4 ? S2 ? S2 ? ? with SO(2, 3) ? SO(3) ? SO(3) symmetry in terms of two holomorphic functions on a Riemann surface ?, which generally has a boundary. This is achieved by reducing the BPS equations using the above symmetry requirements, proving that all solutions of the BPS equations solve the full Type IIB supergravity field equations, mapping the BPS equations onto a new integrable system akin to the Liouville and Sine-Gordon theories, and mapping this integrable system to a linear equation which can be solved exactly. Amongst the infinite class of solutions, a non-singular Janus solution is identified which provides the AdS/CFT dual of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills interface theory discovered recently. The construction of general classes of globally non-singular solutions, including fully back-reacted AdS5 ? S5 and supersymmetric Janus doped with D5 and/or NS5 branes, is deferred to a companion paper [1].


Question: Is it feasible to establish a classification of large biotic units of the world related to climatic types? Study area: The world. Methods: A total of 616 localities have been selected, their climatic parameters calculated and subjected to a PCA. The climatic characterization of biomes and subbiomes has been completed after data analysis. Results: A hierarchical classification is proposed for the biotic units within four main domains: Cryocratic, Mesocratic, Xerocratic and Thermocratic, divided into 7 ecozones, 9 biomes and 20 subbiomes linked to climatically defined territories. Most of the units are intercontinental. The mountains represent an abbreviated version of the latitudinal zonation and the altitudinal belts are related to the corresponding units of the lowlands. For the bioclimatic units, a parallel classification is proposed to fit with that of the biotic units: 4 Macrobioclimates and 10 bioclimates. Furthermore, 7 ombrotypes and 7 thermotypes are recognized to frame the climatic variation within each climatic territory due to terrain ruggedness, particularly in relation to large or medium sized mountains. Conclusions: The southern hemisphere is substantially more oceanic than the northern hemisphere. This is due to the distribution of the land masses and the modifying effect they have on the flow of air and marine currents. As a result, there is one biome and one subbiome exclusively found in the northern hemisphere (6. Biome of the steppe, and 5.b Continental scrub and woodlands subbiome) and two others which are almost confined to it (2. Biome of the boreal forest, and 3. Biome of the temperate deciduous forests). The 7. Biome of the deserts and 5. Biome of the temperate aridiestival evergreen forests and shrublands occur on the western side of the continents and expand in their interior favoured by rain shadow and continentality effects. Taxonomic reference: The Plant List (2013). Abbreviations: ITCZ = Inter Tropical Convergence Zone; NH = Northern Hemisphere; PCA = Principal Component Analysis; SH = Southern Hemisphere.


This research presents the kinetics of the saponification reaction using mixed fats of olein and stearin [in the ratio (3:1)] with NaOH solution. In this reaction, excess solution of NaOH was used to ensure the reaction being irreversible. Three parameters were varied to show their effects on the reaction rate .They are: percentage excess of NaOH solution (10 % - 100 %) , temperature (100-150)oC , and stirring speed (400-1100) rpm. It was noticed that increasing the percentage excess of NaOH solution enhances the rate of reaction while increasing temperature decreases the reaction rate since it is exothermic reaction.    Increasing stirring speed also improves the reaction rate because it is mass transfer controlled .Calculations of the activation energy and the frequency factor was also performed.
A new mathematical model for calculation of the reaction – rate constant was derived. It is shown that a good approximation was obtained between the experimental and calculated values of the reaction – rate constant k .


Modern computing paradigm such as the Internet of Things demands edge devices with limited resources to be capable of complex computing functions. In this work, we discuss a relatively new approach to combinational circuit optimization based on a low multiplicative complexity heuristic. The purpose of the optimization heuristic is to produce low gate count circuit to enable complex transformation to fit in devices that operate in ultra-constrained environments. We explain the concepts behind the heuristic and review the original optimization algorithm based on the heuristic. A new approach is then proposed to eliminate reliance on randomness in the original algorithm to improve computational time and quality of results.


An approach is presented for automatic formal verification of digital hardware designs using Prolog. Validation of design correctness is made by formal proof as an alternative to the traditional approach which utilizes simulation. A hardware design methodology based on this framework entails: writing a specification of required design, designing a circuit intended to implement it, and proving mathematically that the design meets its specification. Prolog is used both as a representational language for describing the design specification and implementation and also as an inference mechanism for proving its functional correctness. A developed verification system has enough domain specific and general mathematical knowledge to perform the proofs largely automatically. Designs can be handled from the transistor level up to the architectural levels. Some large designs, including a simple computer, have already been verified.<<ETX>>


Until recently, artificial selection has relied on the biometrical evaluation of individual breeding values from an animal's own performance and from performance of its relatives. This biometrical strategy is based on relatively simple genetic premises, operating within a "black box". Briefly, the majority of economically important traits are so-called complex or quantitative traits, meaning that the phenotype of an animal is determined by both environment and a large number of genes with individually small, additive effects. The proportion of the phenotypic variation observed in a given population that is genetic in nature is the heritability of the trait. Substantial genetic progress has been obtained using this approach. One of the powers of the biometrical approach is that it obviates the need for any detailed molecular knowledge of the underlying genes or Economic Trait Loci (ETL). However, it is believed that the molecular identification of these BTLs should allow for an increased genetic response by affecting both time and accuracy of selection, through a procedure called Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)(l,2). Moreover, we propose to use a scheme that we call "velogenetics", or the combined use of Marker Assisted Selection and germ-line manipulations aimed at shortening the generation interval of domestic species (especially cattle), which would allow the efficient introgression of mapped Economic Trait Loci between genetic backgrounds.


This paper outlines the design and evaluation procedure for a stacker reclaimer track structure with 29 ton wheel loads. To determine the track response and the rate of permanent deformation, the track structure as designed was simulated in the Track Testing Centre of the South African Transport Services. A response relationship for predicting the long term behaviour of the track structure was derived from measurements. The rate of permanent deformation predicted by this response relation corresponded well with the actual deformation measured in the track after construction. The response measured in the track trench was also used to evaluate existing track structure models and material evaluation procedures. For a heavy haul line it is essential to determine the rate of permanent deformation of the track structure for the correct planning of maintenance cycles. The above mentioned design and evaluation philosophy could be used to obtain the necessary information on the actual track response for a heavy haul track structure to optimize the maintenance cycle.


School is one form of organization in which there is teaching and learning activities under the responsibility of a Princi- pal. All the activities that take place in schools as a whole can not be monitored in the absence of a proper organi- zation. In terms of monitoring the activities of learners, 4 cities Bekasi SMA is still simple, either for assessment or attendance data from the students so that parents are still dicult to know whether their children really go to school or not. To avoid this, the authors attempted to create a sys- tem for data storage which includes faculty, students, atten- dance data and values ??in order to design a web-based aca- demic information system in order to provide convenience in terms of inputting and delivery of information to parents and students. Making this academic information system use Macromedia Dreamweaver and PHP and Mysql programe. The method used is a waterfall that is the needs analyze stage through an interview to the school to perform and display system design.


As the number of currently active space missions increases, so does competition for Deep Space Network (DSN) resources. Even given unbounded DSN time, power and weight constraints onboard the spacecraft limit the maximum possible data transmission rate. These factors highlight a critical need for very effective data compression schemes. Images tend to be the most bandwidth-intensive data, so image compression methods are particularly valuable. In this paper, we describe a method for prioritizing regions in an image based on their scientific value. Using a wavelet compression method that can incorporate priority information, we ensure that the highest priority regions are transmitted with the highest fidelity.


The width of the spin resonance of conduction electrons in n-type silicon, which is related to the spin-lattice relaxation time, has been measured at microwave frequencies, between helium and room temperature. There are two temperature regions of interest: (i) above about 50 °K scattering by lattice vibrations is the dominant relaxation mechanism, and the results are compared with existing theories due to Elliott and Yafet, and (ii) at lower temperatures the results are considered in the light of existing theories of scattering from ionized donor impurities.


Abstract This study investigated the effects of two types of bilingual programs (two-way and transitional) on the academic performance and attitudes of fifth-grade students who entered kindergarten or first grade with different levels of English proficiency. A mixed methods design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analyses phases was employed. Quantitative data analyses indicated no significant differences in standardized measures of English achievement, although significant differences were found in other measures, including measures of oral language acquisition in English, Spanish-reading ability, students' attitudes, and perceived levels of proficiency in English and Spanish. Qualitative data analysis indicated that the students in two-way bilingual education programs were more likely to express positive attitudes towards bilingualism. Based on the mixed data, it is concluded that despite some similarity in the effects, each of the bilingual programs also has unique effects. Policy decisions should be made on the basis of relative importance, value, and the costs of these unique advantages and disadvantages.


The regional industries with distinguishecd features are the result to utilize and give play to the comparative superiority and to form and develop competitive edge. From the comparative superiority, the authors analyse the competitive edge of the industries with the distinguished features on the basis of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia, putting forward the concrete countermeasures to enforce the competition of industries with distinguished features from the angle of protecting and building grassland, rearing the top industries; supporting and leading industries with distinguished features, setting up the bands with distinguished features, building the chains and communities of industries with distinguished feature, constantly bringing forth new ideas in the system and some other aspects.


The abstract is a brief and tidy statement that sums up the collection. It includes the most basic and essential information from the biographical/historical note and the scope and contents note. It serves as the primary gateway to the collection, and is usually included in the collection's MARC record. Hint: Though the abstract is the first descriptive element encountered by a researcher, the abstract should be written last. The easiest way to compose the abstract is to combine the first paragraph of the biographical/historical note and the first paragraph of the collection level scope and contents note. The abstract should describe the collection in a few sentences, which should include the following information: PACSCL Hidden Collections Processing Project, 2009-2012 Surveying and Minimal Processing Manual, March 2012 38 o Who or what the collection is about o Date span of the collection o What types of records are housed in the collection o Be sure to reference important subjects, names and/or keywords For more information on writing abstracts, refer to refer to Arranging and Describing Archives (2005), by Kathleen Roe, and Describing Archives: A Content Standard (2004). BOX AND FOLDER NUMBERS Every box (or container), folder, volume and/or loose item in the collection should receive a number. Folders, volumes or items housed within a box or container must be labeled with BOTH a box number and folder/volume/item number. It is unacceptable to skip this step. Hint: To avoid numbering the collection multiple times, do not assign box and/or folder numbers until the collection is fully processed, as the order of series and/or folders will likely change over the course of processing. Hint: Prior to assigning numbers to any part of the collection, processors should ensure that all boxes in the collection are adequately stuffed. Boxes should be full, so that folders support each other and do not slouch, but should not be so full that it is difficult to remove or refile folders. Hint: Throughout processing, processors can prep folders with "box" and "folder," written in the proper location on the folder tab. This will make the process of recording box and folder numbers at the end of processing significantly less time consuming. Box numbers Boxes should be numbered consecutively from 1 to however many boxes there are in the collection, including any and all oversize or custom built boxes. Box numbers should be assigned in the order in which boxes sit on the shelf. Assign numbers to oversize or custom built containers AFTER they are placed on the shelf in an order that makes sense in regard to their size and shape – making sure that boxes are arranged to minimize use of shelf space. Box numbers should be prominently and consistently marked on box labels. PACSCL minimal processing rule: Oversize boxes should be assigned a regular number, starting with whatever number follows the last numbered document case in a collection. For example, if the last document case is number 10, the first oversize or custom box will be number 11. Oversize boxes are NEVER assigned a separate numbering scheme or called "Oversized" as part of their box number. PACSCL Hidden Collections Processing Project, 2009-2012 Surveying and Minimal Processing Manual, March 2012 39 Folder numbers Folders should be numbered within boxes, with both the box and folder numbers clearly and consistently recorded on the folder tab throughout the entire collection. PACSCL minimal processing rule: New box and folder numbers assigned during processing should be easily identifiable; existing numbering schemes should be erased or clearly noted as having been superseded. PACSCL minimal processing rule: When recording the box and folder number on folder tabs, processors should write out BOX and FOLDER on each folder tab. The words box and folder may NOT be abbreviated in any way. PACSCL minimal processing rule: No matter the size, shape or contents of a box, folders should be consecutively numbered from 1 to however many folders there are in a box, with each box starting with a new folder 1. Volume numbers All loose or individually boxed volume(s) (only those that are not otherwise housed) should be shelved together, after the last box in the collection. Volume(s) should be shelved on their tails, backs or spines, depending on size and condition. Volumes resting on their tails or spines should be arranged in intellectual order on shelves. Volumes resting on their backs should be shelved in size order, with the largest volume on the bottom. Only after volumes are placed in order on the shelf, can they be assigned numbers. Volumes should be numbered from 1 to however many volumes there are in the collection. Numbers should be recorded prominently and consistently on each volume(s)'s bookmark label. Item numbers Occasionally collections house loose items (only those not housed in a box), which should be shelved and numbered in the same manner as volumes. Items should be numbered from 1 to however many items there are in the collection. COMPLETING THE FINDING AID and other DATA ENTRY TIPS Depending on the level to which a collection is processed, processors will bring together the abstract, biographical/historical note, scope and contents note and/or a collection inventory, or box and folder list, among other descriptive elements, to create a finding aid. The PACSCL Project used The Archivists' Toolkit to collect descriptive information and create finding aids, and published the finding aids in a custom-built online finding aid repository (findingaids.pacscl.org). It is not necessary to use the Archivist's Toolkit to create finding aids. Depending on an institution's available IT support, processors may prefer to simply create a document using MS Word, for example, which can be published online as a simple pdf document. PACSCL Hidden Collections Processing Project, 2009-2012 Surveying and Minimal Processing Manual, March 2012 40 The Archivists' Toolkit note: If the Archivists' Toolkit is being used to collect data and to create the finding aid, PACSCL recommends waiting to complete data entry until the entire collection is processed, and box and folder numbers have been both assigned AND recorded on folder labels. Currently, the process of entering box and folder number data into the database is a cumbersome, time-consuming task. The "Rapid Date Entry" function is a good timesaver, but in order to take full advantage, requires that all folder data be finalized prior to data entry. Refer to PACSCL Project Guide to the Archivists' Toolkit for more information. Additional finding aid notes In addition to the abstract, biographical/historical note, scope and contents note, and collection inventory, PACSCL finding aids may also include: Language of the materials note: This note tells researchers and reference archivists what language(s) are present in the collection. The Archivists' Toolkit note: The Archivists' Toolkit requires that the predominant language in the collection be identified at the collection level basic description screen. The "Language of the materials" note is only necessary, then, if the collection contains large bodies of material in more than one language. For more information, refer to the PACSCL Project Guide to The Archivists' Toolkit. Conditions governing access note: This note lets researchers know whether they can have access to a collection. The PACSCL Project used the following access notes for all collections processed during the project, unless otherwise directed by the host repository: This collection is open for research use.


particularly since 1842, China has had " two largely separate and distinct cultural environments evolving side by side " (p. 243). These he calls the littoral (the " Hong Kong-Shanghai Corridor ") and the hinterland, the former being identified with commerce, modernity, and western values, while the latter remained the home of agriculture* traditionalism and the inherited values of Chinese civilization. In this brief, 37-page section, the author suggests that one way to understand change in modern China is to consider it in terms of the interaction between these two environments. This he attempts to do through a study of the lives and work of 11 reformers, seven of whom were associated primarily with the littoral and four with the hinterland. Cohen admits that this part of his study is " tentative and exploratory in nature" (p. 241), and says he hopes to clarify and expand his thesis in future publications. While some of the ideas presented here are interesting, this section as a whole seems to me to raise as many questions as it answers. w <5 A


Shows through detailed analysis of Proust's philosophical and literary as well as his conscious oesthetic and how the various motifs in his works intertwine. Although Proust's work does not present the linguistic difficulties of Joyce, his narrative style is highly complex, and the reader must be alert to the enunciation and development of elusive themes. In this guide Milton Hindus shows how these motifs twine and intertwine. He discusses Proust's philosophical and literary influences as well as his conscious aesthetic. Particularly valuable are the sections on Proust's earlier works which, Hindus claims, are in so many respects studies of Proust's greatest achievement.


The Schemata theory not only provides the guidance on effective reading,but also discloses the essence of reading process.Therefore,in teaching reading,we should put focus on accumulation,stimulation,consolidation and expansion of students' schema on one hand,on the other hand,students should be encouraged to experience the essence of reading comprehension in order to improve their reading skill efficiently and spur the other linguistic skills.


Kamalesh K. Sirkar, Otto York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA firstname.lastname@example.com John Chau, Otto York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Prithis Basak, Otto York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA


Abstract The complexation of ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, acetic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, iminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, N 1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)di-ethylene-triaminetetraacetic acid, trans-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane-N, N, N, N'-tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with Eu3+ ion in aqueous solution has been studied by using the 7FO→5DO excitation spectroscopy of the Eu3+ ion. Because the energy of the 7FO→5DO transition of Eu3+ is dependent on the coordinating oxygen atoms, the "nephelauxetic" shift parameters for most typical coordinating atoms, such as in the carboxylate group, aliphatic amino nitrogen and the pyridine nitrogen atom were recalculated by multilinear regression with the present set of 22 complexes. The calculated shift parameters were used for the analysis of the excitation spectra of the complexes of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, trans...