Post-authoritarian Indonesia guaranteed the protection of Indegeneous People are accelerated on behalf of Indonesian Constitution UUD NRI 1945. Coherently, the Constitution obligated the government to emerged an effective and comprehensive regulation to protect traditional ethnic alongside their cultural rigjhts. As the consequences, state obligated all stakeholder included local government to reformulate legal platform as the implementation of UUD 1945 mandate. In the historical and political aspect, existence of in degeneous people is settled long time before the official declaration of state. Indegeneous people not only served as one of prequisite requirement of human rights implementation. However, based on historical context recognition of indegeneous people has been decreased recently. It is caused by the economic development that sometimes impacted the territorial of indegeneous people itself. Furthermore, the assimilation process of indegeneous people and "new-comer" citizen has limited the space for indegeneous people to conduct their ritual as cultural-religious community. The main puzzle to be elaborated in this research are how UUD 1945 maintain the constitutional protection to indegenous people. Secondly, how the implementation of constitutional protection over indegeneous people in Indonesia. This research suggested constructive advices to overcome the problem. Firstly, emerging recognition and protection over indegeneous people through sincronization of state and local government regulation. Secondly, this research urging the government to sttle a legal platform for conflict resolution among indegeneous people and between indegenous people and government. Keywords: Cultural rights, Constitutional protection, Indegeneous people


An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of multiple injection strategies on the performance of DME-fueled engine and the reduction of exhaust emissions. In this work, three types of multiple injection strategiesincluding split injection, pilot injection, and partial premixed charge compression ignition (PPCCI)are introduced, and the results are compared with those obtained by single injection under optimal operating conditions. To analyze the injection characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel, the injection rate profiles for multiple injections were investigated, in terms of their energizing current and injection rate. The result of an engine test reveals that multiple injection strategies of split and pilot injection showed a reduction in NOx emissions of ∼75% with a minor reduction in the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). PPCCI combustion offered a reduction in NOx emissions of ∼97.1%, whereas the IMEP was reduced by 23%. Under all operating conditions, no measurea...


THE ciliary ganglion in mammals receives nerve-fibres from the 3rd nerve, from the 5th nerve, and commonly also from the cervical sympathetic'. It has in consequence been considered as a group of cells placed, according to the predilection of the particular observer, on the course of either the 3rd or on the 5th or on the ciliary branch of the cervical sympathetic nerve. Since nicotin readily paralyses nerve-cells of the sympathetic type it seemed to us worth while to determine its action upon the ciliary ganglion. In doing so we have noticed also its effect upon the various functions of the 3rd nerve. Our experiments have been made chiefly upon rabbits and cats, one or two only having been nmade upon dogs; the animals were in all cases under the influence of anasthetics; for rabbits, chloral and the alcohol, chloroform, ether mixture were used; for cats, chloroform, the a.c.e. mixture and usually morphia; for dogs, morphia and the a.c.e. mixture. Laying bare the 3rd nerve in the skull presents no particular difficulty. We removed a variable amount of the anterior part of the brain on one or on both sides, and usually tied and cut the 3rd nerve as close to the brain as possible. In the cat, the bleeding, especially from the bones of the skull, is much more profuse than in the rabbit. In some cases the 3rd nerve rapidly loses its irritability, probably in consequence of the great enfeeblement of the circulation of blood in the head, which is not infrequently caused by the operation. As the


This paper proposes a new control scheme for achieving optimal power balancing in electrical power systems. Optimality is defined via economical criteria related to steady-state operation requirements. Limits on the capacity of the power lines are taken into account via inequality constraints that are added to the optimization problem. Due to these inequality constraints, the resulting control law has a piecewise affine structure. Furthermore, the control action is distributed in the sense that a controller is assigned to each node and each controller communicates only with the controllers associated with the neighboring nodes. We prove that the resulting steady-state solution is optimal. The proposed control structure is a relaxation and an extension of classical "automatic generation control" in power systems, and can be interpreted as a fast acting real-time market for electrical power.


Lao-Qi-Da, one of the earliest TCFL textbooks in Korea, combines the popular business words, expressions and the relevant knowledge into the texts, which can help the learners to communicate in their daily life and deal with the business problems, a good combination of everyday words with special terms. Lao-Qi-Da emphasizes the interaction between the cultural functions and the communicative functions of language and helps train the learners in using business Chinese and acquiring business culture and understanding their business situations and psychology, whose compilation principle offers reference value to the teaching of business Chinese and the compilation of Chinese textbooks.


Colleges concept of scientific development on the editorial board of the Journal of the construction and development of guiding significance.According to the requirements of the scientific concept of development,the Journal's editorial department to achieve scientific development,first of all to adhere to people-oriented,and the realization of the Journal editorial board of management of human nature,to be followed by all factors into consideration,properly handle the relationship between the elements environmental conditions,the competent authorities,editors,writers,etc.in order to achieve comprehensive,coordinated and sustainable development in harmony.


At present, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is not effective in dealing with discrete variables, avoiding local optimization, and satisfying all inequality constraints of voltage and power factor. Therefore, this paper employs variable reflection and integralization to find the discrete correspondent of continuous variable in the particle; and introduces chaos strategy to the searching process to strengthen the capability of finding global optimization solution. Then this paper improves the optimization solution by adjusting the voltage and power factor that exceed limits with "nine palaces" strategy, to ensure the particles in feasible solution space. At last, this paper tests the proposed algorithm with the standard IEEE sample system and some actual network planning. The comparison of calculation results with those in other literatures proves that the new algorithm has more advantages at searching speed and quality.


In this paper, a novel family of pulsewidth-modulation soft-single-switched DC-DC converters without high voltage and current stresses is described. These converters do not require any extra switch to achieve soft switching, which considerably simplifies the control circuit. In all converter family members, the switch is turned on under zero-current condition and is turned off at almost zero-voltage condition. From the proposed converter family, the boost topology is analyzed, and its operating modes are explained. The presented experimental results of a prototype boost converter confirm the theoretical analysis.


The significance of smear cytology of ultrasonography (US) or computed tomography (CT) guided core needle biopsy tissues have never been referred to. In this study, the first comparison between cytology and the corresponding histopathology was made to clarify the role of additional smear cytology in the diagnosis of lung lesions. This was a retrospective analysis of sixty-nine consecutive patients of clinically diagnosed lung neoplasm who received the examinations of smear cytology and histopathology in the same biopsy tissue guided by US or CT between April 2014 and June 2015. The overall consistent rate for smear cytology and histopathology results was 69.57% (48/69). The diagnosis rate of lung cancer was 53.62% (37/69) for smear cytology and 66.67% (46/69) for the corresponding histopathology (P = 0.118). Although 9 (13.04%) more cases were diagnosed as lung cancer by histopathology, 4 cases (5.80%) were diagnosed as lung cancer by smear cytology, not by histopathology. Smear cytology and histopathology shared the same pathological classification rate (89.19%) in patients with malignancy. The consistent rate of lung cancer subtypes for smear cytology and histopathology was 56.76% (21/37). Smear cytology of US or CT guided core needle biopsy tissue is a simple and cost effective diagnosis method, which shows a quick diagnosis and a good correlation with histopathology on lung cancer, and also enhances accuracy of histopathology. It is recommended as a routine cytology examination in case of core needle biopsy in lung tumor.


Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the two most often seen metabolic diseases in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of these pathologies is rising in modernized societies imposing major health risks and related costs. Many research studies have identified close associations between obesity and type 2 diabetes. These conditions are associated through glucose cycle (G) Randle fatty acid (AG) and the effects of AG upon glucid metabolism changes. An increase of free AG reduces muscle tissue sensitivity to insulin while AG oxydation inhibits G oxydation as well as its non- oxydative use. The intracellular concentration of G therefore increases inhibiting its transport and cell entry thereby fostering glycemia. The association between obesity and type 2 diabetes is further described followed by sections upon obese patients predisposition to developing type 2 diabetes abdominal obesity and risk factors of being obese and diabetic. Among environmental factors excess caloric intake overconsumption of particularly animal fat inadequate physical activity and lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking excess alcohol consumption and stress are the main factors favoring individual progression to obesity type 2 diabetes and their potentially serious and costly complications.


LBL-12547 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA I UMOTTD Engineering & Technical Services Division Presented at Online November 1 3 , 1980 '30 Conference, MASTER San F r a n c i s c o , CA, DOE'S ENERGY DATA BASE (EDB) VERSUS OTHER ENERGY-RELATED DATA BASES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Jo R o b i n s o n and Margaret Hu February Prepared for ths U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-740S-ENQ-48 iVtt


Probiotics are preparations or products containing a certain number of specific live microbes,which have a beneficial health effect via changing the microenvironment of the host through planting or colonization.At present tens of probiotics have been developed in China,and the application in clinical treatment is expanding increasingly.This article focuses on the immune defense mechanism of probiotics,and their clinical application in inflammatory bowel disease of children,food allergies,allergic dermatitis(eczema),allergic rhinitis,asthma and so on.


Background: Spirometry is a primary tool for early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) detection in patients with risk factors, for example, cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the strategy of an active screening for COPD among smokers admitted to the pulmonary and cardiology department. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between February and March 2019. All hospitalized smokers aged 40 years and older completed an original questionnaire and had spirometry measurement with a bronchial reversibility test (if applicable) performed by medical students using a portable spirometer. Results: One hundred and eighty-eight patients were eligible to participate in the study. Seventy (37%) subjects refused to participate. Eventually, 116 (62%) patients were included in the final analysis and 94 (81%) performed spirometry correctly. In total, 32 (34 %) patients were found to have COPD. Nine (28%) of these patients were newly diagnosed, 89% of them had mild-to-moderate airway obstruction. Patients with newly diagnosed COPD were significantly younger [age 63 (56–64) versus 69 (64–78) years], had a longer smoking-free period [17 (13–20) versus 9 (2–12) years], had fewer symptoms and had a better lung function compared with patients with a previous diagnosis of COPD (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: The proposed diagnostic strategy can be successfully used to improve COPD detection in the inpatient setting. The majority of the newly diagnosed COPD patients had mild-to-moderate airway obstruction. Patients who should be particularly screened for COPD include ex-smokers with less pronounced respiratory symptoms.


Introduction: By extending the concept of track-density imaging (TDI) [1] (of a dense full-brain short-tracks tractogram [2]) to also encode the angular distribution, a new kind of orientational information becomes available in each voxel (compared to the fiber orientation distribution (FOD)). In this work, we explore the idea of using this information anew for probabilistic tractography. We show results for data of challenging quality w.r.t. standard constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) practice. Methods: A single healthy subject was scanned in a Siemens 3T scanner, using a TRSE sequence, at 2.5x2.5x2.5mm3 isotropic voxel size. 10 non-DWI volumes (averaged) and 40 uniformly distributed DWI-directions at b=1000s/mm2 were acquired. The data were processed by performing super-resolved constrained spherical deconvolution (super-CSD), using a spherical harmonic (SH) order of 8. A "short-tracks" tractogram consisting of 80 million tracks was generated by probabilistic tracking within a full-brain mask using the following parameters: stepsize = 0.2mm, min. radius of curvature = 1mm, min. track length = 15mm, max. track length = 30mm, min. FOD amplitude to initiate tracks = 0.2, min. FOD amplitude to continue tracking = 0.1. The "short-tracks" strategy was chosen because it distributes track densities more evenly over the brain (rather than yielding artificially higher densities for longer tracts) [2]. In order to map complex track distributions, we extended the recently proposed track-density imaging (TDI) [1]: rather than simply adding a scalar "1", each track now contributes a full angular function to the voxels it intersects. To achieve this, each infinitesimal line element of a track is represented by an apodized point spread function (PSF) [3] (of maximum SH order 16), pointing along the local orientation of the track. A track's contribution to a voxel is calculated by averaging the PSFs of its line elements in the voxel (through integration along the track, divided by the length of the intersecting part of the track). The final track orientation distribution (TOD) is obtained by summing the contributions of each track in the voxel. The full process is illustrated in Fig. 1. While this technique is – just as TDI – amenable to super-resolution, we calculate the TOD in this work using the original voxel grid, so we can compare it more directly to the original FODs. Even though the TOD in each voxel has – by definition and construction – a completely different meaning as compared to the FOD, it is of a similar qualitative nature in the sense that both have sharp lobes in directions associated with white matter pathways. Per consequence we can also use the TOD to generate a new 80 million short-tracks tractogram and a new TOD (we refer to the former as TOD-1, the latter as TOD-2); the only difference in parameters is: min. TOD amp. to initiate tracks = 10000, min. TOD amp. to continue tracking = 5000 (both chosen to reflect the difference in magnitude between FOD and TOD). We then test the capability of FOD, TOD-1 and TOD-2 to guide a targeted tractography experiment: 10000 tracks are seeded in the genu of the corpus callosum (and this time, there is of course no max. track length). All implementation, processing and visualization was performed using MRtrix [4]. Results: Some results are presented in Fig. 2. Because we deliberately chose to work with data of challenging quality relative to typical CSD recommendations (40 directions is not enough for regular CSD at SH order 8 and b=1000s/mm2 provides only very limited angular contrast), the FODs display a good amount of spurious peaks and their main lobes' orientations show some random errors. The inherent continuity constraints of the (short tracks) tractogram, however, resulted in the elimination of most spurious peaks and a more coherent structure of TOD-1. A further, albeit more subtle, improvement along this trend can be seen in TOD-2. The quality of FOD, TOD-1 and TOD-2 is fully reflected in the targeted tractography outcome: less false positive/negative tracks and more coherent bundles are observed. We also experimented with datasets of different quality as well as several software phantoms, and saw consistent – often drastic – improvements (results not shown). Discussion: There are many ways to understand the meaning and effectiveness of using the TOD for tractography, but we particularly like to highlight a conceptual similarity with the iFOD2 strategy [5]: both try to "plan ahead". iFOD2 takes the joint probability along each candidate path into account. The TOD has inherent information on the support of directions by the surroundings: it can guide a track to where it is most likely to find more continuous structure over a longer distance. Conclusion: The short-tracks TOD shows great angular structure, contrast and coherence in continuous structures, and serves as a robust basis for fiber tractography.


This paper describes focuses on adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. It first describes the components of ACC systems, including their strengths and weaknesses. A system overview describes the basic structure and operation, control strategy, the driver-ACC interaction concept, and technical limits. Impacts on traffic flow, safety, and driver behavior are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion on development trends for the next generation of ACC systems.


Two gain enhancement techniques for monolithically integrated monopole antennas are presented in this work. The proposed configurations have been designed in a standard 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process. In the first one, Split Ring Resonators (SRRs) have been combined with Localized Backside Etching (LBE). These etched parts are removed locally from the silicon substrate, reducing the losses and thus contributing to increase the gain of the monopole antenna. In the second technique, an on-chip monopole antenna is paired with parasitically coupled SRRs. The latter elements are tuned using a capacitive load which serves to control their resonance frequency without changing their physical dimensions. These techniques have been compared with an unloaded monopole and they provide a gain enhancement of about 1 dBi within the band of interest without significantly increasing the overall antenna size which was fixed to 1.296 × 1.508 mm2.


We apply an inverse method to estimate the carbon monoxide emissions in Atlanta, Georgia. The resultant carbon monoxide inventory is unrealistically characterized by temporal oscillations on the frequency of 1 hour. We suspect that the difficulty in deducing the emissions is due to inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of the emissions. In several controlled experiments we reproduce the oscillations by introducing relatively small errors into the spatial distribution of the emission inventory. In similar experiments with isoprene in which the emissions are more homogeneous, we do not find this problem. These results are discussed in the context of previous inverse studies of carbon monoxide and isoprene.


When applying phase-only computer-generated hologram (CGH) as a standard model of optical measurement in computer-generated holography for aspheric surface testing, it has the advantage of simplifying optical path configuration and improving the diffraction efficiency of the incoming light. However, errors always exists during the encoding process of fabricating multiphase level CGHs and this kind of errors will be amplified level by level in the measurement. According to the analysis of the encoding error, the error of CGH increases linearly when its quantified period increases. For example, if the quantified period is 32, the maximum of encoding error is 16.46 which can lead wave-front aberration 0.085λ of a secondary parabolic surface with 512 x 512 sampling pixels. In this article, an optimization method based on deviation of minimum boundary value has been used to eliminate the encoding error of CGH. In the experiment, we use a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to generate CGHs and measure residuals of reconstructed wave-front of a secondary parabolic surface. The measurement results show that average decrease of the RMS values of the residuals is 0.07λ when their periods range from 3 to 6, which indicates the optimization method is effective.


The activity coefficients in dilute ternary systems are discussed in detail by using the Margules equations. Analyses of some relevant data at high temperatures show that the sparingly dissolved solutes in binary solvents follow complex behavior even when the binary solvents are very nearly ideal. It is shown that the activity data on the solute or the binary system cannot permit computation of the remaining activities except for the regular solutions. It is also shown that a fourth-order equation is usually adequate in expressing the activity coefficient of a solute in binary solvents at high temperatures. When the activity data for a binary solvent are difficult to obtain in a certain range of composition, the activity data for a sparingly dissolved solute can be used to supplement determination of the binary activities.


In May 2020, the European Commission published its Farm to Fork Strategy, which committed to propose harmonised mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FoPNL) to help empower consumers to make informed, healthy food choices. This article explores how EU food information law regulates FoPNL, and the implications for the development of effective FoPNL. First, it argues that regulating FoPNL effectively at EU level is important to promote both a high level of consumer protection and the functioning of the internal market. Secondly, it demonstrates that not only is EU law currently an obstacle to the development of effective FoPNL at national level, but that Member States also promote schemes which are incompatible with the provisions of EU law. Thirdly, it concludes by presenting how the EU should harmonise FoPNL with a single EU-wide mandatory scheme or, should the EU fail to agree on a specific scheme, for the EU to adopt a legislative framework which allows Member States to introduce effective, mandatory FoPNL schemes at national level.


Veterinary staff may encounter a range of potential health hazards during their routine work, including ionising radiation, anaesthetic gases, zoonotic diseases and aggressive patients. Many of these factors may be of particular concern to women due to their effects on fertility and during pregnancy. The authors carried out a comprehensive literature search to identify publications addressing hazards to female reproductive health in the veterinary workplace, to evaluate and summarise recommendations on minimising risk, and identify gaps in current knowledge. They point out that the demographic trends within the veterinary industry will expose increasing numbers of women of child-bearing age to these various health hazards. They conclude that while further investigations are needed into various aspects of occupational health and safety, enough is known already to justify an increased focus on mitigating these hazards. They propose that veterinary staff should receive greater training at the beginning of their careers in recognising hazards and responding appropriately. The goal, they say, must be to develop a safety-focussed work culture in veterinary practice.


Introduction The dawn of COVID-19 brought new rules, restrictions, and lockdowns but this led to the unlikely fall of many sectors, including the charitable sector. There has been a significant decline in funding received by mental health charities, especially during the pandemic. This study looks at the subsequent impact on fundraisers and mental health promotion during COVID-19. Objectives The main aim was to uncover how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way that mental health charities fundraise, raise awareness, and promote mental health. This aimed to look at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fundraisers supporting mental health charities and their opinion on whether fundraising has either helped or hindered mental health promotion. Methods Accounts from fundraisers and local representatives for mental health charities during the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Common themes looked at the impact, adaptation, and reasons why fundraisers decided to help during a tough period for the charitable sector. Results Mental health charities expressed difficulty in sourcing funds to support their users, especially in a vulnerable time. Fundraisers tried innovative ways to promote mental health and raise money for charities. Conclusions Altruism and understanding how precious services such as mental health charities are for the population was the main driver for fundraisers. Mental health charities adapted by turning to online communication and reached out to fundraisers to continually highlight the importance of mental health to their users and fundraisers. Disclosure No significant relationships.


ANTHONY J. TIGHE, National Endowment of Arts, reports three developments that should help expand cultural tourism in the United States in 1992. The National Endowment for the Arts' Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, the cooperative effort by the Arts Endowment and the U.S. Travel and Tourism Administration, and the Quincentenary of the discovery of America by Columbus will have a positive effect on travel.


: Government spending and economic growth is a popular topic to discuss in the last decades. Various studies reveal relationship between government expenditure and economic performance both in national and sub-national level. The association between government revenue and economic performance has also been discussed extensively. However, there has not been an agreement among scholars on the relationship. This study aims to analyze provincial budget performance, covers government spending and revenue, in 34 Indonesian provinces and its impacts on economic growth over 2013-2017 period. By using weighted least square method, it is found that employee expenditure significantly and positively affects Product Domestic Regional Bruto. Meanwhile, government spending on goods and services has a negative impact on economic growth. The rest of variables in a research model, which are, capital expenditure and own revenue have no impacts on an economic progress.


A sixteen-year-old boy was admitted to the oncological department on account of an abdominal wall tumour. Clinical appearance as well as ultrasound, CT and MRI findings, respectively, were non-specific. Early surgery was indicated because of tumour progression. Surgery revealed a large focus of slushy tissue. Only histological examination established the diagnosis of an actinomycotic abscess. The authors demonstrate difficulties with the establishment of the diagnosis of this rare disease.


The invention discloses corrosion-free rust-protection cutting fluid which is prepared from, by mass, 5-8 parts of tert-butylbenzoic acid, 5-9 parts of benzoic acid, 2-4 parts of organoboron, 3-6 parts of ricinoleic acid, 5-7 parts of diethanol amine, 0.5-1 part of triethanolamine, 1-3 parts of polyethylene glycol, 4-8 parts of pentaerythritol, 1.5-3 parts of polyacrylamide, 25-30 parts of organic phosphate, 8-14 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin, 12-22 parts of chromic oxide, 5-15 parts of cobaltous sulfate, 5-10 parts of barium petroleum sulfonate, 3-7 parts of sulfonated oil and 50-65 parts of water. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the corrosion-free rust-protection cutting fluid. The corrosion-free rust-protection cutting fluid has excellent cooling, lubricating and rust protection performance and is long in service life and not prone to deterioration and smelliness, and the rust protection cycle of a machined steel piece reaches three months or above.


Local food reflects the identity and image of a specific region. It is also a core element for determining tourists' experience of a region. The purpose of the present study was to develop a Jeju food tour package using local foods and estimate the economic value of the suggested tour package using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Five food tour packages were developed by researchers. In order to modify and measure the value of each package, an expert panel survey was conducted, and 'package 5' was selected as a food tour scenario for the tourist survey. A survey was conducted on 295 domestic tourists who visited Jeju within the past 10 years in order to evaluate the economic value and feasibility of the Jeju food tour package. A total fo 72.9% of respondents answered that they were willing to pay for the Jeju local food tour, and the willingness to pay (WTP) range was between ₩45,000 and ₩105,000. The primary factors correlated with WTP was food expenses, followed by leisure experience expenses, interest in local foods, education level, visit frequency and age. The WTP of the Jeju local food tour was calculated with the significantly affected factors using stepwise regression model. The result of the present study reveal that tourists' WTP increased with higher food expenses, education level, and age group. The average value of food expenses, education level, and age were substituted into the formula derived from the regression analysis, yielding 58,385.752 KRW as the WTP. The expected economic value created by exploiting the Jeju local food tour was shown to be 700 billion KRW per year, calculated by multiplying WTP of the food tour packages by the number of tourists. This study examined the feasibility and plan of the food tour package to increase the economic value of Jeju local food. In the case of the culinary tour program based on Jeju local food launching, the estimated economic effect was great. Therefore, in-depth research to merchandise the Jeju local food tour program is needed.


During the spinning of a l/48s 64s-quality worsted yarn, observations have been made on the physical state of the yarn at the Instant of an endbreak. The values of yarn tension and thickness, and of drafting force and roving thickness, have been measured corresponding to an end-break. It has been concluded that the yarn breaks primarily because of the existence of a thin place generated during the spinning draft. By using a technique for dyeing the ends of fibres, evidence has been produced that, in the case of Fibro, the fibres slip rather than break when a spinning end-break occurs.


model for which the conventional PN guidance law was tested. The only additional component is the inclusion of target dynamics, and target acceleration in particular, into the guidance loop. Clearly there is causation between the target dynamics and guidance loop performance, thus the book then presents a rudimentary target motion observer using a Kalman filter: an interesting topic, but yet again given far too little attention. The interested reader would be better to consult Blackman and Popoli(2) for a much more in-depth discussion of target tracking models. Finally, the optimal trajectory control is formed as a non-linear program with initial and terminal constraints whose solution is proposed via the transcription method (although not explained as such in the text). Overall, this is a frustrating book to read due, in the most part, to the incredible imbalance between chapters. Best exemplified by the ridiculous three pages of chapter 3, this book leaves the reader with more questions than answers as most of the concepts and techniques are introduced without context and to wildly varying levels of technical depth. With a little more work, this book could have found a valuable place as both an introductory text and teaching aid – an opportunity missed. Dr David Anderson, BEng, PhD MRAeS


False alarms and misdetections caused by the carrier leakage problem attract increasing attention for resource-limited platforms. To tackle the problem, we propose a target protected carrier leakage cancellation algorithm to rebuild the leakage signal from reference cells with those cells randomly updated based on each detection result to exclude the targets. The proposed algorithm eliminates the carrier leakage effectively without introducing false target due to the non-involvement of the target information in the reference cells based on a random update strategy. The noise level of our proposed algorithm is less than that of the commonly used algorithms such as the Cell average constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detection method. As verified in the simulations, the proposed algorithm performs better than the CA-CFAR method.


We analyze the lending behavior of the commercial banks in the credit market at the local level by localities in Brazil for the period from 2005 to 2013.We use a high-frequency database from Brazil Central Bank of the main items of balance sheets of commercial banks and multiple banks with commercial portfolio. We used fixed-effects panel and non-additive fixed-effect quantile panel for a universe of 2,601 localities. We find evidence of poor credit allocation by state-owned banks after the 2008-2009 financial crisis for the non-earmarked credit market segment. The larger credit expansion, the deteriorating loan quality and the political targeted bank lending seem to be main determinants of such poor allocation.


ABSTRACT Soil contamination by toxic elements causes concern and is increasing through industrial development, mining activities and the overuse of chemical fertilisers. Some toxic elements, such as boron, also play a structural role. The present study aimed to evaluate the behaviour of S. aterrimum plants growing in boron artificially contaminated soils. It has been found that S. aterrimum is tolerant to low doses of boron, moderately tolerating doses of up to 240 mg.dm−3. But high doses (doses above the adequate zone) cause decreased plant growth and present symptoms of toxicity, such as foliar chlorosis. The dose of 240 mg.dm−3 can already be considered toxic, since the tolerance index (TI) was less than 50%. The species can be used as a phytoextractor in low doses of boron because it presented a high tolerance index (TI) and demonstrated the ability to uptake and accumulate boron in root tissue.


Background:The expectation that nurses are prepared to act as patient advocates as part of their role is now embedded in international codes of conduct. Advocacy in nursing has been explored in relation to many different practice areas including critical care, public health, and perioperative care. Perioperative nurses care for patients when they are highly vulnerable and it is argued that many practice issues in this speciality involve advocacy. Although the literature surrounding patient advocacy and nursing is increasingly abundant, how nurses experience advocacy in the perioperative department, including the barriers they face and strategies they use to promote patient advocacy has not yet been explored by systematic review. Objective:To explore perioperative nurses' experiences as patient advocates, identify how perioperative nurses define advocacy, and to explore the barriers to and strategies for, promoting advocacy in the perioperative environment. Methods:The phenomena of interest for inclusion was perioperative nurses' experiences of acting as patient advocates, within the perioperative department, including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative recovery areas. Perioperative registered nurses, enrolled nurses, licensed practical nurses, licensed vocational nurses and midwives, including anaesthetic, scrub/scout and post-anaesthetic care room nurses were included. All qualitative studies that seek to examine perioperative nurses' experiences of advocacy were eligible for inclusion. A three step search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished literature in any language from 1985 until April 2014 using a wide range of databases. Two reviewers assessed studies meeting the criteria and extracted data using instruments from JBI-QARI. Data synthesis was performed using JBI-QARI software. Results:There were a number of studies identified and included in the review. The studies included make several recommendations for practice. Discussion:Clinical policies should recognise the importance of the advocacy role to perioperative nursing. Conclusion:The recommendations from this review highlight the importance of the nursing advocacy role for perioperative nursing care.


In recent years, pediatricians and epidemiologists have noted the emergence of some unfavorable trends in the child population health, namely: an increase in the number of allergic pathologies, autoimmune diseases, obesity, chronic nonspecific bowel diseases. Among the risk factors, changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota occupy one of the first places. This review discusses numerous mechanisms to explain how gut bacteria can be interconnected with immunity or the development of concomitant diseases. The article describes in detail various strategies used to manage the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The role of probiotic strains and their influence on various parts of the immune response are also described. Besides, the article presents the study data concerning the influence of probiotic drugs on the provision of immunological resistance in the human body. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction between the host and the microbiota and their regulation will allow us to determine individual therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of many diseases. The benefits of two strains — Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 — which have a comprehensive effect on the intestinal microbiota and having well-expressed immunomodulatory properties are discussed. KEYWORDS: microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, innate immunity, commensals, probiotics, lactobacilli, vitamins. FOR CITATION: Kanner E.V., Zaplatnikov A.L., Kanner I.D., Farber I.M. Probiotics and anti-infective resistance: modern concepts and new therapeutic possibilities. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):184–191 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2023-6-2-184-191.


Due to the extensive applications of large diameter/thickness and higher pressure gas transmission pipelines, and there will be an increasing need for reliable pipeline design and failure assessment that will preclude catastrophic accident. Specifically, the actual fracture toughness needs to be determined accurately. The present work innovatively correlate the material's fracture toughness with the crack-tip geometric constraint effect by using the crack-tip plastic zone. The significant "thickness effect" impact on pipeline steel's fracture toughness is elucidated by the proposed out-of-plane constraint factor 1αout. The critical loads (FCi) of three groups of thin thickness specimens at fracture are recorded by the three-point bending tests performed on the single-edge notched (SENB) specimens, corresponding fracture toughness are calculated according to the ASTM E1921-97 procedure. Moreover, finite element simulation of the SENB specimens, coupled with the applications of cohesive zone model (CZM), virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), the X70 pipeline steel's critical energy release rate (ERR) is achieved and applied to predict the FCi of arbitrary specimen thickness while crack initiates, corresponding fracture toughness KCi are obtained and compared with the experimental ones. The present research will be beneficial for the prediction of pipeline steel's actual fracture toughness and the retrenchment of experimental costs.


Sixty-nine undergraduates learned a serial-order list of trigrams (List I ) , then a paired-associate list of adjectives (List 2 ) , separated by a 2-wk. interval. O n the basis of trials to criterion on List 1, assignment was made to one of three matched groups on List 2. O n this second task, Group 1 learned adjectivepairs of high meaningfulness and synonymity from the Haagen (1949) list. The other two groups learned lists based upon responses supplied by the entire Sample to stimulus terms from Haagen. Ss in G r o ~ i p 2 learned a list derived from most frequently supplied responses, while each S in Group 3 learned a list using his own responses. Analysis of data was possible between groups by type of list (inter-individual) and within groups by rank from List 1 to List 2, using rho ( intra-individual) . The group learning the Haagen list took significantly more trials to criterion than either of the other two groups. The difference between Groups 2 and 3 was not significant. Rhos were positive but small and non-significant. Since different Rinds of lists (serial-order trigrams and paired-associate adjectives) and different presentation equipment (memory drum and Hunter Cardmaster) were used, reasons for results obtained are not clear. Results tended to support Deese's (1965) contentions that what he calls a free-association test is a close approximation of the general case of meaning for the individual learner. List 2 represents such a free-association test for Groups 2 and 3. The non-significant size of the rhos from serial-list learning to paired-associate learning support Jensen (1967). Apparently, serial-order learning does not predict paired-associate learning very well.


The article researches the problems of Indian Buddhist tradition and Confucianism in the early period of Chinese Buddhism formation. The author considers ideological positions of two doctrines in their attitude to some universal socio-cultural categories: an individual, society, ethics, education, etc.


A simple and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of biologically active 1,8-dioxo- octahydroxanthenes from various aromatic aldehydes with dimedone by using thiourea dioxide (TUD) as catalyst in aqueous media is reported. This protocol gives wide range of xanthene derivatives with high yield.


Four patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were treated by cryosurgery. In all cases there was considerable improvement in local symptomatology following treatment, although in 2 patients troublesome complications were encountered following application of the cryoprobe. All 4 patients are alive at 2 years.


We estimate the accretion rate Ṁ onto the black hole in the nucleus of NGC 4258. The result is model dependent. We find that a thin disk that is flat out to ≳2 × 103GM/c2 (M≡black hole mass) and that has inclination equal to that of the masing disk must have Ṁ ≃ 0.01 M☉ yr-1 for consistency with near-infrared data. A thin disk that is warped at ~103GM/c2 requires Ṁ ≳ 1.5 × 10-4 M☉ yr-1 for consistency with near-infrared data. Reasonable warp models and the near-infrared data are not consistent with Ṁ as low as the 7 × 10-5α M☉ yr-1 proposed by Neufeld & Maloney. An advection-dominated flow model combined with the X-ray data implies Ṁ ≃ 0.01 M☉ yr-1. Consistency with a tight 22 GHz upper limit on the flux from the central source requires a transition radius of ~(10-100)GM/c2, although the 22 GHz upper limit may be relaxed by appeal to free-free absorption. Physical conditions in the observed VLBI jet features can also be related to conditions in the inner accretion flow. We conclude with a list of observations that might further constrain Ṁ.


AbstractThe seasonality in large-scale meteorology and low-level cloud amount (CClow) is explored for a 5° × 5° area in the North Atlantic trades, using 12 years of ERA-Interim and MODIS data, supported by 2 years of Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) measurements. From boreal winter to summer, large-scale subsiding motion changes to rising motion, along with an increase in sea surface temperature, a clockwise turning and weakening of low-level winds, and reduced cold-air advection, lower-tropospheric stability (LTS), and surface fluxes. However, CClow is relatively invariant around 30%, except for a minimum of 20% in fall. This minimum is only pronounced when MODIS scenes with large high-level cloud amount are excluded, and a winter maximum in CClow is more pronounced at the BCO. On monthly time scales, wind speed has the best correlation with CClow. Existing large-eddy simulations suggest that the wind speed–CClow correlation may be explained by a direct deepening response of the trade wind layer to stron...


Science and technology policy is admittedly a complex subject, but attempts in Germany to use technology assessment in the political decision-making process are leading to politicking of such complexity that it is muddying, rather than clarifying the issues.


I Figure 1B, the description of y-axis should be "Radius (nm)" instead of "Diameter (nm)". In Figure 1C, the description of x-axis should be "pH" instead of "Time (h)". The updated version of Figure 1 and corresponding figure caption have been provided. On Page 4529, line 12 (right column) of the main text, "48 h" should be "12 h". The analyses and conclusions of our work in the manuscript remain unaffected.


ZrO2-based composites with 40 vol.% TiC0.5N0.5 addition were processed from both nanocrystalline and micrometer sized TiC0.5N0.5 starting powders by hot pressing. Flat samples were manufactured and finished by wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) in order to investigate their sliding-wear behavior against a WC-Co cemented carbide. Reciprocative sliding experiments were performed under unlubricated conditions using a small-scale pin-on-plate tribometer. The worn surfaces of the investigated composites were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and surface topography. Post-mortem obtained wear volume loss was compared to online measured wear depth. Wear rates were correlated to sliding distance and material parameters and microstructural characteristics. The experimental results revealed a significant dependence of the wear resistance of the ZrO2-based composites on loading conditions and the nature of the secondary phase. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shapes extreme weather globally, causing myriad socioeconomic impacts, but whether economies recover from ENSO events and how anthropogenic changes to ENSO will affect the global economy are unknown. Here we show that El Niño persistently reduces country-level economic growth; we attribute $4.1 trillion and $5.7 trillion in global income losses to the 1982–83 and 1997–98 El Niño events, respectively. In an emissions scenario consistent with current mitigation pledges, increased ENSO amplitude and teleconnections from warming are projected to cause $84 trillion in 21st-century economic losses, but these effects are shaped by stochastic variation in the sequence of El Niño and La Niña events. Our results highlight the sensitivity of the economy to climate variability independent of warming and the potential for future losses due to anthropogenic intensification of such variability. Description Editor's summary The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather globally and thus has many important socioeconomic impacts. How might possible changes to ENSO caused by anthropogenic climate change affect the economies of individual countries and the global economy? Callahan and Mankin show that El Niño persistently reduces economic growth and that national economies are sensitive to El Niño even when warming is taken into account. Future global economic growth could decline because of anthropogenic intensification of ENSO variability. —H. Jesse Smith El Niño has a persistent, negative impact on country-level economic growth.


Combustion chamber (1) a burner for a vehicle heating device or an exhaust gas particle filter, with a circumferential boundary wall (2), a front limiting wall (3) with a central opening, a radial circumferential flange (4) and an air-supplying pipe (5) with open-ended or closed slots in the nozzle wall (7), characterized in that at least a plurality of slots about the circumference of the pipe wall (7) and / or non-uniformly distributed in the longitudinal direction and / or formed differently in size.


Peyer's patches (PP) have been considered functionally incompetent because specific antibody-producing plasma cells are not identifiable in PP after oral or parenteral immunization, and in vitro models have demonstrated that PP are incapable of mounting specific antibody responses. An explanation forwarded for this functional inadequacy of PP has been a deficiency of functional accessory cells (AC) in Peyer's patches. It has recently been demonstrated, however, that PP cells obtained by enzymatic dissociation (with Dispase) are fully capable of in vitro mitogenesis, polyclonally activated immunoglobulin production, and primary in vitro antibody responses. These studies have indicated that PP possess functional AC. We have begun to characterize the AC population of PP and contrast it with the AC population of spleen (Sp). We have used oxidative mitogenesis (using sodium periodate) as an assay for accessory-cell activity. This assay has previously been demonstrated to require accessory cells, and dendritic cells are known to be the most potent stimulating population in the spleen. In our oxidative mitogenesis assay, irradiated (1500 R) stimulator populations to be assessed are cocultured with periodate-modified Sp T-cells (obtained by nylon wool purification), and pulsed with tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) at 24 hours. Cultures are harvested 24 hours later, and 3HTdR incorporation is assessed. Using this assay, enzymatic (Dispase) dissociation of PP releases a cell population with at least 5to 7-fold more AC activity than obtained with conventional (mechanical) dissociation. By contrast, an insignificant increase in accessory-cell activity is seen when Sp is enzymatically dissociated. Four murine strains (CD1, CBA/J, BALB/c, and C3H/HeN) show comparable results, and in these strains PP AC activity approaches spleen on a per cell basis. Artifactual alterations of PP populations by enzyme treatment have been eliminated as the source of increased accessory-cell activity. Experiments have been performed with total, adherent, and nonadherent populations as stimulators and reveal that AC activity released from PP is attributable to a radioresistant cell that resides predominantly (>75%) in the nonadherent fraction, whereas in Sp 9 5 % of the activity is present in the initially adherent fraction. Persistently adherent Fc receptor-bearing cells (macrophages) have been isolated from Sp and PP and are inactive as stimulator cells in this assay. Accessory-cell activity of PP is enriched in the cell pellicle obtained from flotation on dense bovine serum albumin columns ( p 1.078). The activity, again resides in the nonadherent fraction. Experiments using C3H/HeN (H-Zk] mice have demonstrated that the AC activity of PP is due to an Ia-bearing cell, as cytotoxicity with anti-Iak and rabbit complement abolishes AC activity of PP populations. Thus PP contains abundant accessory-cell activity in a cell population that is radioresistant, predominantly nonadherent, low density, Ia bearing, and lacking Fc receptors. These characteristics suggest a relationship with the Sp dendritic cell (described by Steinman and Cohn), but the appearance only after enzymatic dissociation and the lack of


Since the end of the nineties, in the face of bankruptcy, low productivity, owed wages, tax debts and abandonment by the owners, visibility of the phenomenon of recovery of companies. What has involved the implementation of self-management processes by workers as an alternative to unemployment. After 2001 until at least 2015, the Social Economy was positioned as a key area of public policies applied by the national government in its capacity as an objective population and as a component for generating employment and social inclusion. In this framework, and in the interior of the province of Cordoba, the city of Villa Maria had various experiences of cooperativization and, as a diagnostic data, in principle they seemed similar to those that occurred in the rest of the country. Thus, in this article we will try to address the reconfiguration of the local state in the cooperativization of three companies recovering public services in the city of Villa Maria: Cooperativa "Ctalamochita" Ltda., Cooperativa "El Sol" Ltda. Cooperativa "7 de febrero" Ltda.


What is known and Objective:  Coumarin derivatives such as acenocoumarol represent the therapy of choice for the long‐term treatment and prevention of thromboembolic diseases. Many genetic, clinical and demographic factors have been shown to influence the anticoagulant dosage. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of genetic and non‐genetic factors to variability in response to acenocoumarol in Moroccan patients.


Vehicle-mounted Forward-looking Ground Penetrating Imaging Radar(VFGPIR) has been widely used to detect shallow buried objects.It is the key to ensure a high detection probability while eliminate clutters by extracting effective features from the sequence images.To solve the limitations of the Fisher Discriminant Ratio(FDR) and the Sequential Floating Forward Selection (SFFS) in feature selection of landmine,a novel feature evaluation and selection method based on the distribution parameters and SFFS method is proposed.Firstly,the distribution parameters of features samples are used to evaluate the individual features,and the detection demand is considered to select the effective features.Then,the SFFS method and correlation analysis is exploited to fast search the optimal sub-aggregate and eliminate the redundancy features.Experimental results of the real data show that the features extracted from the sequence images have better discriminant power,and the proposed method can fast and effectively select the sub-aggregate with good discriminant power.


In this lecture, delivered at the celebration of the publication of Dr Makhlouf's book, I claim that it makes a significant contribution towards establishing the foundations of the Law of Islamic Finance as a specialist sub-field of Islamic finance, and that it therefore makes a significant contribution towards the making of further progress in the study and practice of Islamic finance generally. It does this mainly by filling significant gaps in a largely unsatisfactory body of literature on the Law of Islamic Finance. It also makes all the benefits of the book available to the francophone world, provides access for that world to an entire body of anglophone scholarship, and lays the foundations for a 'doctrinal substrate' of the Law of Islamic Finance in France.


The successful precision measurement of the rate of muon capture on a proton by the MuCap Collaboration allows for a stringent test of the current theoretical understanding of this process. Chiral perturbation theory, which is a low-energy effective field theory that preserves the symmetries and the pattern of symmetry breaking in the underlying theory of QCD, offers a systematic framework for describing $\mu p$ capture and provides a basic test of QCD at the hadronic level. We describe how this effective theory with no free parameters reproduces the measured capture rate. A recent study has addressed new sources of uncertainties that were not considered in the previous works, and we review to what extent these uncertainties are now under control. Finally, the rationale for studying muon capture on the deuteron and some recent theoretical developments regarding this process are discussed.


Combining the technological improvement of the puming station,the hardware and software disposition and function of computer monitoring system are introduced.


As a new generation of environmental-friendly catalyst,nanocatalyst has a great potentially application in environment-protection field.In this paper,the structure and characteristics of nanometer catalysts are outlined a few kinds of nanomaterial catalysts to applied in environmental protection and administer are also reviewed.Finally,the problems which need to be further solved are analyzed and forecasted.


The scholars were concerned with the biography of the Prophet, صلى الله عليه وسلم ,in their awareness of the importance of the biography, and among the scholars who dealt with the fragrant biography of Imam Ibn al-Qayyim in his book, where he created a new approach in dealing with the events of the Prophet's biography and presented in his book valuable scientific material. A combination of presenting and criticizing the narrations of Maghazi and biographies on the one hand and eliciting benefits from them on the other. And since the books of Maghazi and Al-Seerah collected the authentic and the week, and indeed the very weak from the traces and the news, Ibn Al-Qayyim would warn about what is acceptable from them, so he takes it and cites it, and what is rejected, showing his weakness and its reason. Thus, he judged the hadiths, and made clear the illusions and errors in them. This study aims to highlight his critical approach in dealing with these narratives, acceptance, and response. There are several standards used by Imam ibn Al-Qayyim to ensure the integrity of the text, and the following is a statement of the standards of Imam ibn Al-Qayyim in criticizing the texts of Al-Maghazi and Al- Seerah. 1- Presenting narrations to the Qur'an 2- Presenting narrations on the prevent History 3- Presenting narrations on the reason 4- Presenting the narrations according to the prevailing custom at the time of the incident.


In this study, a numerical investigation of cell-to-cell voltage variation by considering the impact of flow distribution and heat transfer on a stack of cells has been performed. A SOFC stack model has been previously developed to study the influence of flow distribution on stack performance (Burt, et al., 2003). In the present study the heat transfer model has been expanded to include the influence of radiative heat transfer between the PEN (positive electrode, electrolyte, negative electrode) and the neighboring separator plates. Variations in cell voltage are attributed to asymmetries in stack geometry and nonuniformity in flow rates. Simulations were done in a parallel computing environment with each cell computed in a separate (CPU) process. This natural decomposition of the fuel cell stack reduced the number of communicated variables thereby improving computational performance. The parallelization scheme implemented utilized a message passing interface (MPI) protocol where cell-to-cell communication is achieved via exchange of temperature and thermal fluxes between neighboring cells. Inclusion of radiative heat transfer resulted in more uniform temperature and voltage distribution for cases of uniform flow distribution. Non-uniform flow distribution still resulted in significant cell-to-cell voltage variations.© 2003 ASME


: Founded on the theoretical and methodological premises of the constructional approach, which defines language as a complex adaptative system, organized in networks of constructions that, linked by vertical and horizontal links and united by form and meaning traces, constitute families (BYBEE, 2016; DIESSEL, 2019; GOLDBERG 1995; 2006; 2019; 2020; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2021; inter alia ); this paper investigates, in diachronic perspective, the genesis and the development of the egressive aspectual constructional family in Portuguese, through three microconstructions' analysis: [deixar+de+V inf. ], [parar+de+V inf. ] e [largar+de+V inf. ]. Thus, quantitative and qualitative methods are used in the examination of the data collected from Corpus do Português (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2006; 2016) between 13 th and 21 st centuries; moreover, in order to verify the extensibility of the pairings in the network, checking the semantic-pragmatic verb types, sanctioned in the Vinf. slot, is listed as a parameter. The results demonstrates that the egressive aspectual group formation originates in the transitive family, whose semantics indicates the distance among the participants in the predication. Member of this family, the contentful microconstruction with deixar has its object slot neoanalyzed, giving rise to [deixar+de+V inf. ] pairing, which, by the spreading activation mechanism, becomes a member of the egressive aspectual family in the auxiliarity network. Subsequently, the [parar+de+V inf. ] e [largar+de+V inf. ] microconstructions emerge by analogization, and, since their sharing similarities, they also consolidate in this procedural group. Therefore, this investigation confirms the importance of associating diachronic trajectories and cognitive processes in explaining how multiform networks link and promote the constructional families' (re) configuration.


cases and materials on employment discrimination is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the cases and materials on employment discrimination is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Statistical machine learning methods often face the challenge of limited data available from the population of interest. One remedy is to leverage data from auxiliary source populations, which share some conditional distributions or are linked in other ways with the target domain. Techniques leveraging such \emph{dataset shift} conditions are known as \emph{domain adaptation} or \emph{transfer learning}. Despite extensive literature on dataset shift, limited works address how to efficiently use the auxiliary populations to improve the accuracy of risk evaluation for a given machine learning task in the target population. In this paper, we study the general problem of efficiently estimating target population risk under various dataset shift conditions, leveraging semiparametric efficiency theory. We consider a general class of dataset shift conditions, which includes three popular conditions -- covariate, label and concept shift -- as special cases. We allow for partially non-overlapping support between the source and target populations. We develop efficient and multiply robust estimators along with a straightforward specification test of these dataset shift conditions. We also derive efficiency bounds for two other dataset shift conditions, posterior drift and location-scale shift. Simulation studies support the efficiency gains due to leveraging plausible dataset shift conditions.


Two new flavonol glycosides, namely kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(l --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and quercetin 3-O-6"-(3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of Gymnema sylvestre and Euphorbia ebracteolata, respectively. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Bisphosphonates such as Fosamax and Boniva may reduce patients? risk of developing colon cancer, according to a new study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.


The domain X of the fuzzy F(X) set of all the algebraic concept of the structure and principles of the incomplete set of fuzzy Mathematics have a fundamentality of the reasons for the crisis,and it is clarified that the Law of Justice is not a panacea,it will make mistakes if we ignore the concept of the principle.


Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that contaminates different plant products and foods, including grapes and wine. Although many different approaches are available for OTA decontamination, most have not been adopted because of high cost or practical difficulties. This study evaluated reduction of ochratoxin A concentration in red wines using oak wood fragments. The effectiveness of the treatment depended upon the quantity of the oak wood fragments (chips and powder) used; best results were obtained with powder.


The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of monasteries as mediators of knowledge. The situation nowadays is compared with the time of the regency of Emperor Joseph II. Monasteries needed an area of specialisation in order to survive dissolution at the end of the 18th century. In this thesis, the transfer of those specific qualifications in the area of knowledge management into the 21st century is investigated. Issues concerning science, education, libraries and archives in the three most important male orders in the province of Northern Tyrol are addressed. The hypothesis that monasteries which managed not to be abolished during the regency of Emperor Joseph II still play a vital part in the area of knowledge management in Northern Tyrol is tested. A review of the literature on this topic is undertaken. Furthermore, discursive interviews are conducted with monks in order to investigate the current situation. In conclusion, it was found that monasteries nowadays are just one segment of a huge market in the sector of knowledge management. In order to be successful, they again have to diversify. On the basis of the research conducted, convents in the provinces of Eastern and Southern Tyrol could be analysed as well.


A broad-spectrum light source including an amplifying guide structure (1). The light source comprises an energising means (45) for energising the guide structure (1), the stimulated guide structure (1) emits light (7, 8) that may have high spatial coherence and low temporal coherence, and the light (7) emitted forwards (2) has a spontaneous emission spectrum. The light source includes a rear mirror (5) that is reflective only for a wavelength range narrower than the spontaneous emission spectrum, and generates an emission (E) in a forward direction (2) with a controlled emission spectrum close to an average wavelength. The rear mirror is positioned between the energising means and the guide structure.


The article examines information rights as a component of the fourth generation of human rights. It is emphasized that the fourthgeneration of rights is forming in the modern post-industrial society, in which the active development of information technology is ta -king place. The fourth generation of subjective human rights consists of the right to information and information systems. It is emphasizedthat nowadays information technology has a significant impact on the status of individuals, the realization of their rights and requirea review of legal regulation at both international and national levels. It is noted that the right to information, which is enshrined in theConstitution of Ukraine, consists of particular provisions representing independent subjective rights. In general, they can be divi ded intotwo groups: 'rights to the right' (freedom of thought and freedom of speech, freedom of the media, right to freely collect, store, use anddisseminate information in any lawful manner, right of everyone to reliable information about the environment) and rights to exercise therights of the first group (here the emphasis is mainly placed on forms of information dissemination, on storage and use of documentedinformation, on information technology and information protection, on protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in the proces -sing of personal data, including protection of rights to privacy, personal and family secret). It is concluded that change in the developmentof the information society clearly indicates that information technology (in particular, the right to information as a fourth generation right)is changing all generations of human rights. Therefore, the increase in the amount of information belonging to a person puts forward newrequirements for legal methods of protecting the human right to information. Timely response to alterations in the information sphere,including in the field of electronic interaction between citizens and the state, will allow developing new ways to ensure the human rightto information, the realization of which can accelerate the legal development of Ukraine in a post-industrial information society and therule-of-law state, protecting the information sphere of everyone no less than other, more traditional rights and freedoms.


This paper introduces Bayesian uncertainty modeling using Stochastic Weight Averaging-Gaussian (SWAG) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. We apply the approach to standard tasks in natural language inference (NLI) and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in terms of prediction accuracy and correlation with human annotation disagreements. We argue that the uncertainty representations in SWAG better reflect subjective interpretation and the natural variation that is also present in human language understanding. The results reveal the importance of uncertainty modeling, an often neglected aspect of neural language modeling, in NLU tasks.


It is shown that the resolution in microsphere-based imaging is enhanced with decreasing the period of nanoplasmonic arrays used for structured illumination of nanoscale objects represented by dye-doped fluorescent nanospheres. It is demonstrated that the maximal resolution about λ/6-λ/7, where λ is the operation wavelength, is possible without post-imaging processing. It is shown that achieving the maximal resolution requires the coupling of the nanosphere emission to the localized surface plasmon resonances in the periodic arrays.


Raw ground beef purchased at supermarkets across America have one thing in common: they harbor bacteria, some of which are drug resistant and can be detrimental to public health. To understand the impact of farming and processing practices on the quantity of bacteria and drug resistance, organic and regular beef were assessed using MacConkey media. Bacterial colonies were sorted according to lactose utilization, with positive colonies representing fecal E. coli. Lactose negative colonies were further characterized into one of two groups (fecal Hafnia-like or soil Pseudomonas) using a variety of metabolic tests (oxidase, sulfur, indole). Advanced metabolic testing showed that regular beef contained significantly more fecal E. coli-like bacteria, Hafnia-like bacteria and fecal Providencia-like bacteria than organic beef. Soil Pseudomonas was only isolated from regular beef. This procedure was repeated using MacConkey plates containing commonly used agricultural antibacterial drugs to assess the prevalence and types of drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteria resistant to penicillin, sulfamethazine, cefazolin, or ampicillin were found at significantly higher levels on regular beef than organic. Bacteria resistant to more than one of these drugs were only found on regular beef.


Compliance to standards has always been an important topic in quality management. It is the job of quality engineers to assure that their organization complies with public standards and is prepared for future developments. However, the quality models underlying company-specific and public standards are typically complex and not necessarily homogeneous. Analyzing and visualizing the conformity of a company-specific standard to a public standard is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a generic compliance check tool to support quality engineers of various industrial domains in this challenge.


ABSTRACT The Joint University Council for Social Studies (JUCSS) was formed 100 years ago at the end of the First World War in 1918. Its expressed aim was to coordinate and develop the work of social study departments across the UK, as part of the larger project of post-war reconstruction. In October 2018, an event entitled 'States of Change?' was held in London to celebrate this history and to explore what, if any, kind of future the JUC (as currently constituted) should have. At the event, I gave a short historical presentation that examined social work education's history in the context of the JUCSS's origins and development. This paper picks up some of the key ideas from this presentation in more detail. It will be argued that tensions which existed in the formation of the JUCSS in 1918 still exist today, not least because they are emblematic of the ambivalences and complexities that are at the heart of social work and social work education, then and now. Furthermore, it will be suggested that social work as an academic discipline must pay heed to these tensions if it is to survive—and thrive—in the academy today. (192)


In network analysis, the so‐called "rich club" describes the core areas of the brain that are more densely interconnected among themselves than expected by chance, and has been identified as a fundamental aspect of the human brain connectome. This is the first in‐depth diffusion imaging study to investigate the rich club along with other organizational changes in the brain's anatomical network in behavioral frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and a matched cohort with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Our study sheds light on how bvFTD and EOAD affect connectivity of white matter fiber pathways in the brain, revealing differences and commonalities in the connectome among the dementias. To analyze the breakdown in connectivity, we studied three groups: 20 bvFTD, 23 EOAD, and 37 healthy elderly controls. All participants were scanned with diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and based on whole‐brain probabilistic tractography and cortical parcellations, we analyzed the rich club of the brain's connectivity network. This revealed distinct patterns of disruption in both forms of dementia. In the connectome, we detected less disruption overall in EOAD than in bvFTD [false discovery rate (FDR) critical Pperm = 5.7 × 10−3, 10,000 permutations], with more involvement of richly interconnected areas of the brain (chi‐squared P = 1.4 × 10−4)—predominantly posterior cognitive alterations. In bvFTD, we found a greater spread of disruption including the rich club (FDR critical Pperm = 6 × 10−4), but especially more peripheral alterations (chi‐squared P = 6.5 × 10−3), particularly in medial frontal areas of the brain, in line with the known behavioral socioemotional deficits seen in these patients. Hum Brain Mapp 37:868–883, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


DHF is a disease that is a public health problem and is endemic in almost all districts / cities in East Java. The disease is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Albopictus. There is currently no anti-viral drugs and vaccines to prevent dengue fever, then to break the chain of transmission, vector control is considered most appropriate at this time, but because the vector is widespread, it is necessary to control the success of the total coverage (covering the whole area) so that mosquitoes can not be multiply. This research was proposed to investigate of classify the endemic regions in East Java based factor that causes dengue vector control can be focused on certain areas that have the highest potential of dengue fever in East Java. This research was used a method FGWC-PSO to classify areas in East Java with the approach of some of the factors associated with an increase in dengue disease. The data will be used is from the publication of the East Java in Figures In 2013, East Java Provincial Health Profile in 2012, and Indonesian Disaster Data and Information in East Java in 2012. Overall, causes the highest number of dengue fever in some areas in East Java province, namely:


The thought that physical objects and "me" have no distinction in mythology features aesthetic quality of reification thought in artistic creation,but it is also different from other reification thoughts in artistic creation for it is a way for primitive people to understand and know the universe when their self-consciousness is underdeveloped.


During May there has been a flurry of articles in the UK press bewailing the latest loan figures that have come from the Audit Commission (the UK's 'watchdog' for public spending). In a study of the 3,930 libraries in England and Wales that are run by local authorities, they record a 25% drop in borrowing over the past decade. Rather more worrying is their report that book spending has apparently fallen by a third. The arrival of the Internet has been cited as one of the main reasons for these figures, which are being called 'a crisis of confidence' in The Independent of 17 May. There is also concern at the spending on 'hi-tech' equipment at the expense of the buildings themselves, many of which are old, and often are no longer in the most convenient place for the public they aim to serve. There has been a large increase in sales of new books, so libraries are 'in danger of becoming a ghetto for the poor' -thus The Independent.


Firebot is an autonomous robot that was created to compete in the IEEE SoutheastCon 2003 Hardware Competition. This paper discusses the development of each component of the robot that is designed to find a small fire represented by a light emitting diode in a model home and extinguish it. This paper will talk about each component of the robot from the start signal to the robot platform to the line following and room finding and finishing with the fire detection.


The designers of lighting layout schemes for commercial offices operating under a number of constraints which limit their freedom of action and which, inadvertently, lead to the inefficient and wasteful use of electricity. Traditional installation and control methods severely restrict the freedom of the electrical engineer to modify such layouts to meet the changing needs of the client and/or achieve a reduction in general lighting running costs. The authors describe how the internal telephone network can be used to obtain totally flexible control over the local lighting environment. An installation is described where use of the system has eliminated the need for general switchwiring, the running cost of the lighting has been dramatically reduced and the client has total flexibility to alter switching patterns to meet constantly changing occupant requirements.<
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A new photochromic night-luminous coating has been prepared, which shows good decoration properties on day and special function of luminous effect at night. Optimums formulation, weatherability and production process of the luminous coating were investigated, the influence of coating layers on the luminous performance was discussed, and the luminous mechanism of the photochromic night-luminous coating has been resumed.


OBJECTIVES
To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of sulfide ion in blood and apply it to the practical cases.

METHODS
The 1, 3, 5-tribromobenzene was selected as an internal standard, and 0.2 mL blood sample was collected and analyzed using GC-MS after α-Bromo-2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization.

RESULTS
The mass concentration of sulfide ion in blood had good linearity in the range of 0.2-40 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μg/mL. The mass concentration of sulfide ion was less than 0.05 μg/mL in blank blood from different sources such as healthy subjects and dead cases. In 3 sulfide poisoning cases, sulfide ion was detected in the blood samples of 6 victims, and the mass concentration range was 1.02-3.13 μg/mL.

CONCLUSIONS
This study establishes a method for investigation of sulfide ion in blood which has been applied successfully to the cases of fatal sulfide poisonings.


1. [lnformants] The first group coRsisted of four children aRd an adult. Two of the children (Tominy and Bobby) are Rative English speakers; the others (Toro, Mio, and Kyoko) are native JapaRese speakers and they are biliRgual iR both Japanese and English. Kyoko was the only adult speal<ing freely in both Japanese and English. Actually, I arR Kyoko. 2. [Method] I taped the first group's coltversation in Palos Verdes Estates, California. Bobby was five years and two months old aRd went to kiRdergarten. Tommy was nine years and ten months old and attended public school. Bobby altd Toinmy are brothers, aRd they were born and raised in California. Their parents are native English speakers. Toro and Mio are siblings and lived in Toroltto, Canada. They were visltiRg their grandparents in Palos Verdes Estates. Mio was five years and niRe months old, aRd attended a Canadian l<indergarteR oR weekdays. Toro was eight years and eleven moRths old, and attended a Canadian public school on weekdays. Both Mio and Toro were born in Toronto, but their native language is Japanese and their parents and grandparents are Japanese. Both children attended a Japanese language school oR Saturdays. Becautse they vyTeye soon going to return to Japan, their parents forced them to speak Japanese at home. While I was preparing luRch and the children were eating, kaped the following conversatiOR.


Purpose The stage of disease is one of the strongest prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification was revised in 2013; stage IC was subdivided into IC1 (intraoperative surgical spill), IC2 (capsule rupture before surgery or tumor on surface), and IC3 (positive peritoneal washing or ascites). Our aim was to compare the outcome of patients in the new FIGO stage I subgroups, as this might influence adjuvant therapy decisions. Patients and methods Patient databases of three gynecological oncology centers were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with FIGO stage I ovarian cancers were restaged according to the revised classification, based on operative and pathological reports, and determined patient outcomes. Results We analyzed 128 patients with ovarian cancers. In FIGO IA, we found 11.3% recurrences and 4.2% deaths. In FIGO IC, 21.8% of the patients recurred and 7.3% died. There was a trend toward a shorter time to recurrence when comparing IA to IC (P=0.076). Within all new subgroups of FIGO IC, there was no difference in time to recurrence (P=0.59). There was also no significant difference in survival when FIGO IA was compared to FIGO IC in comparison with the new individual classifications (IA to IC, IA to IC1, 2, or 3; P=0.60, P=0.15, P=0.61, P=0.66, respectively) or within the different subgroups (P=0.56). Platinum-based chemotherapy was given to the majority (82.6%, n=38/46) of the FIGO IC patients compared to 30.9% in FIGO IA (n=17/55). There was no significant difference within the new subgroups of FIGO IC (P=0.88). Conclusion In our retrospective analysis, the new FIGO staging of IC ovarian cancers did not predict prognosis, but the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in 82.6% of the stage IC patients may have biased the outcome.


Our research focuses on the development and application of tunable THz-wave sources with high temporal and spatial coherence. Widely tunable THz-waves have been generated by the parametric-oscillation, parametric-generation, and difference-frequency-generation methods. Spectrum narrowing of the THz-wave to the Fourier transform limit has also been realized by introducing an injection seeding technique.


Large models have attracted much attention in the AI area. The sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique pushes the model size to a trillion-level with a sub-linear increase of computations as an MoE layer can be equipped with many separate experts, but only one or two experts need to be trained for each input data. However, the feature of dynamically activating experts of MoE introduces extensive communications in distributed training. In this work, we propose PipeMoE to adaptively pipeline the communications and computations in MoE to maximally hide the communication time. Specifically, we first identify the root reason why a higher pipeline degree does not always achieve better performance in training MoE models. Then we formulate an optimization problem that aims to minimize the training iteration time. To solve this problem, we build performance models for computation and communication tasks in MoE and develop an optimal solution to determine the pipeline degree such that the iteration time is minimal. We conduct extensive experiments with 174 typical MoE layers and two real-world NLP models on a 64-GPU cluster. Experimental results show that our PipeMoE almost always chooses the best pipeline degree and outperforms state-of-the-art MoE training systems by 5%-77% in training time.


1. INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs), which provide graphical spaces for social interaction, have attracted the interest of a number of researchers, especially for those interested in learning. Second Life (Linden Lab, 2008) is one example of a MUVE, which has gained a lot of exposure recently. According to an estimation published by Gartner Group (2007), 80 percent of active Internet users will have a virtual presence in the form of an "avatar" in at least one virtual world by the end of 2011. Following the same trend, the number of academics using some form of a MUVE as a platform for learning has grown at a rapid pace due to the success of Second Life (Livingstone and Kemp, 2006, 2007). For example, the University of California (UC), Irvine started an experimental distance learning initiative for the purpose of supporting courses so that they can use it as a platform for computer design projects; under supervision of Service Learning Projects with San Jose State University's Master of Library and Information Science (SJSU MLIS) program, a hybrid course in Second Life is offered at UC Davis, and Harvard University's Berkman Center built a virtual version of Austin Hall in Second Life and holds meetings there (Lester, 2006). As educators move their teaching platforms and adapt pedagogy towards the technology and culture of the information age, we can observe a shift in educational strategies. Today's students are more familiar and comfortable using technology as a learning tool. Online and hybrid courses have been around for many years; now however we are seeing a growing interest and increased usage of education within 3D virtual settings. Hundreds of universities and educational institutions have reportedly owned/rented land to hold classes or sessions in Second Life (Linden Research, 2009), and coupled with the myriad of related projects and initiatives related to Second Life and education (e.g., The Schome Community, 2007; Roussou, Oliver and Slater, 2006), we believe a need exists to further study the effectiveness of such a medium as a learning environment. From the author's preliminary investigation, the following research questions need to be addressed: RQ1: What are the advantages and disadvantages/ problems of involving Second Life in classrooms? RQ2: How to adopt virtual world technology to teaching and learning in universities effectively? RQ3: How to design effective activities for learning in an environment like Second Life? In an initial effort to explore the potential of Second Life in education and to answer the above research questions, a series of field trials were carried out involving Second Life activities in a classroom setting. This paper reports the series of field studies we conducted. It is organized as follows: in the next section, a brief introduction of Second Life is presented. Attempts of using Second Life for educational purposes in literature, the research methodology utilized, and field trials using the Second Life environment are discussed in sections three to five and our main study in section six. The findings of these field studies are summarized and future research directions are discussed at the end. 2. WHAT IS SECOND LIFE? Second Life (SL) is an Internet based three-dimensional virtual world, created by San Francisco based company Linden Labs. Originally released in 2003, Second Life has seen a large influx of users over the last few years, now totaling over 16 million registered accounts (Linden Research, 2008). Other similar virtual environments do exist, such as Twinity (Metaversum GmbH, 2009), Active Worlds (ActiveWorlds, 2009) and There (Mekena Technologies, 2009). While these other spaces remain competitors, Second Life still has a strong user base and strong attraction for new users, with some attributing its popularity to the large amount of varying in-world activities (Wagner, 2008). …


Middleware is the trend of the development of software,which is famed and the software developing fastest The conception,classification and profucing reason of middleware are introfuced combing with the exploiting example,the effect of middleware in E commerce are set and illustrate how to put it into effect.


Iron lathe waste powder has the potential as a raw material in the synthesis of hematite pigments. Hematite pigments have many advantages, one of which is anti-swelling properties that can maintain the dimensions of wood. Hematite pigment synthesis was carried out using the precipitation-sonication method. The precipitation stage uses an ammonium hydroxide solution as a precipitating agent. Stages of sonication using the PEG-6000 template were performed at different times were 30, 45, and 90 minutes then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), color reader, and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The result confirmed that a ferrihydrite phase obtained after the precipitation process and transform into hematite after the calcination process with the highest degree of crystallinity for 90-minute sonication. From a color reader, the brightness and redness degrees decrease with increasing time. Scanning electron microscope results illustrated that the morphology was not uniform with the particle size getting smaller with increasing sonication time. The EDX results show that hematite pigments still contain impurities such as carbon. The swelling test indicated that the highest stability in hematite-pigmented wood increased as increasing in the weight of pigment.


Two methods of HfO2 nitridation including plasma N2 nitridation and thermal NH3 anneal were studied for ultrathin HfO2 gate dielectrics with <1 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). The detailed nitridation mechanism, nitrogen depth profile, and nitrogen behavior during the anneal process were thoroughly investigated by XPS and SIMS analysis for the two types of nitridation processes at different process conditions. Intermediate metastable nitrogen was observed and found to be important during the plasma nitridation process. For thermal NH3 nitridation, pressure was found to be most critical to control the nitrogen profile while process time and temperature produced second order effects. The physical analyses on the impacts of various process conditions are well correlated to the electrical properties of the films, such as leakage current, EOT, mobility, and transistor bias temperature instability.


In the present work , PIN photodetector has been fabricated by vacuum evaporation technique, Al was evaporated on top side of an intrinsic – type silicon and In was evaporated on down side and doped for each sides of an intrinsic silicon with thermal diffusion technique using a furnace system, in this method PIN photodetector is made. The optoelectronic and electrical properties of photodetector were studied ,PIN has spectral responsivity in visible and near infrared region and has peak responsivity at wavelength 900nm ,I-V characteristic under dark condition the ideality factor is 3.2 and builtin-potential was determined by extrapolation of the curve (1/C 3 ) to a point 1/C 3 =0 equal 0.8v. a high speed response for the photodetector was determined , it is equal less than 2.35nS. Keyward: photodetector, vacuum evaporation, thermal diffusion.


We present an architecture where clients can make resource reservations through agents. For each domain in the network, there is an agent responsible for admission control. The architecture provides scalable resource reservations for uni-directional virtual leased lines. Reservations from di erent sources to the same destination are aggregated as their paths merge toward the destination. When there are su cient resources in a destination domain, pre x aggregation is performed. Thus, all reservations for a given destination domain are aggregated as their paths merge. Agents are responsible for setting up police points at edges for checking


Primary headaches are very frequent in childhood. Migraine consists the majority of them. It appears in all ages of childhood. Chronic Daily Headache is the most recent category of primary headaches and can be divided into 4 categories. The aim of our study was to estimate the effect of these headaches in the quality of life of school children. 100 migraine and 39 Chronic Daily Headache children, 6 to 14 years old were studied.These children underwent neurological examination and in some cases MRI and laboratory tests. CHQ - Parent Form 50 was carried out in all of them. CHQ is a general instrument that counts the social, emotional and physical state of children. Two summary scores occur, a physical and a psychosocial score, through the answers of the 50 questions of the CHQ by the parents. The results were compared to 100 healthy children. According to the study's results, migraine and Chronic Daily Headache caused a statistically significant adverse overall effect on all aspects of Quality of life in children. Furthermore, Chronic Daily Headache children had statistically significant lower CHQ scores in some aspects of quality of life and in psychosocial health summary score than migraine ones.


Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of the M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) may provide a novel non-opioid mechanism for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated that acute administration of the long-acting M 5 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) ML375 attenuates established self-administration of cocaine, ethanol, oxycodone


This paper aims to prepare an individual to function effectively in a constantly changing multi-faith, multi-cultural, multi-racial, multi-ethnic, and multi-everything society with minimum conflicts. Pluralism is a new subject with a focus on its effect on different aspects of life in building cohesive societies where no one has to live in apprehension or fear of the other. Pluralism means respecting the otherness of others in religion, culture, politics, and the workplace. You may see people of different faiths, races, cultures, and ethnicities interacting, working, studying, intermingling, playing, and marrying each other. A decade from now, you may not see the monopoly of a race or cultural groups in the workplace, place of worship, school, bus, train, theater, library, or other public gatherings. These interactions between people not familiar with each other's culture lend themselves to misunderstandings and are bound to create conflicts. As responsible members of society, we must prepare ourselves to prevent possible challenges and lay a foundation for the effective functioning of institutions where every human feels secure about his faith, race, ethnicity, culture, language, political or sexual orientation, or any other uniqueness. Exclusive communities will become a thing of the past. If you live amidst others, you should also respect the otherness of others, as you expect them to do the same for you.


The understanding of heat transport in biological tissues is important for enhanced insight on the physiological mechanisms and thermoregulatory mechanisms. This article presents a numerical simulation of microwave (MW) ablation using a single-slot MW antenna on two layers of porous liver tissue. The two layers are of tumor and normal tissue. A porous media approach is proposed for mathematical model of MW ablation. Three coupled models which include transient momentum equations and a transient energy equation coupled with an electromagnetic wave propagation (EWP) equation are analyzed. This article focuses on the influences of the tumor diameter, tumor porosity, and input MW power on the specific absorption rate (SAR) profile, temperature profile, and blood velocity profile within the porous liver tissue. The results obtained from the calculation of porous media model are examined and compared with the one of bioheat model along with the experimental results from previous work. The results indicated that all parameters have a significant effect on the SAR profile, temperature profile, and blood velocity profile in the porous liver tissue. The advanced results in this research can be used in applications such as it provides guidance on the practical treatment and can be developed medically for therapeutic.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of dipyridamole in dipyridamole sustained-release tablets.Methods Samples were separated on Eclipse XDB C18 column(Agilent,4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)using methanol-water-phosphate acid-diethylamide(275:225:0.3:0.1)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.The detective wavelength was set at 283 nm and the sample size was 20 μL.Results The dipyridamole had good liner relationship in 0.16~1.6 μg/mL(r=0.999 5),and the average recovery was 100.63%,RSD=0.35%.Conclusion This method was simple,rapid,accurate and precise.