The central questions which this paper will try to illuminate are the following: Are the efforts of donor agencies and third world governments towards achieving basic education for all likely to lead to a further development of peace education programmes in Africa? Are the outcomes of the Education for All (EFA) conference in Jomtien, Thailand from 5 9 March 1990 likely to lead to positive peace, that is a situation where violence is not built into the structures, where equality of opportunity is strived for and self-fulfilment and self-worth enhanced? Is the new EFA strategy likely to lead to a "self-reliant development" for third world countries? The expression "self-reliant development" is being used in the preamble of the World Declaration on Education for All. (p.3).


The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, published in the bestselling Strand Magazine in 1891–2, shows Holmes investigating not just his clients' problems, but the hidden wiring of Victorian Britain. The wires were the social and economic relationships that connected cab drivers to kings, pawnbrokers to bankers, and hotel attendants to countesses. In these stories Holmes detects not only the physical traces of those relationships, such as the bruises on a woman's wrist or the shiny patch on a man's cuff, but also the financial traces. Usually overlooked by readers and critics, Holmes's skill as an economist is fundamental to his detective method, and fundamental to the social function of Conan Doyle's detective fiction.


/ Department of biomedical engineering Introduction Numerical models can assist in studying the highly coupled interplay between mechanical loading, collagen modelling and tissue compaction. In this study, a structural constitutive framework is introduced that relates the collagen fiber architecture to the cell mechanical behaviour. In its turn, the cell mechanics is related to the local mechanical conditions within the tissue. To demonstrate its capabilities, the model is applied to study the collagen orientation of the TE constructs developed under either static or dynamic conditions.


This study was designed to determine the effect of interventions on accelerated proactive male involvement in family planning (FP) and factors influencing acceptance of male contraceptive methods. It was observed that a program can be successful if management cadres can be motivated and involved in the process. Other findings suggest the importance of education and communication materials, supply of information, orientation of fieldworkers, and mobilization of resources including hands-on refresher training. Misconceptions about male contraception (particularly vasectomy) are rampant in traditional Bangladeshi society, thus ideas should be positively expressed through visual aids. Among the various communications materials, at least one must be for service providers. According to this report, motivation is important in getting men involved in FP, as are efforts to create a male-friendly service delivery system at existing service delivery centers. Specially scheduled hours should be set aside for the provision of information and services to men, from the Health and Family Welfare Centers and at the community level.


Review(s) of: Show Sold Separately: Promos, Spoilers and Other Media Paratexts, by Gray, Jonathan, New York University Press, New York, 2010, ISBN 9 7808 1473 1956, xi + 247 pp., A$36.95, Distributor: Footprint Books.


Three experiments using brief, audio tape recordings as models, demonstrated observational learning of inkblot percept categories. The tapes created significant increases over baseline scores for all three classes of determinants, and two of three location classes studied; with the exception noted, Ss generalized to a new set of inkblot stimuli the percept categories they had heard. Further, except for one class of determinants, the modeling tapes induced increases in all other categories significantly greater than the spontaneous changes of a non-modeling control group. The implications of the results for observational learning of cognitive behavior and for clinical use of projective techniques were discussed.


Shows a circular inset of a tui illustrated by Edward Parlett at the centre top, against a background of a lake or river, bush and mountains. Gives a caution to poachers, vandals and collectors.
Dated from the date below the picture of the tui.
Quantity: 1 colour photo-mechanical print(s).
Physical Description: Coloured photolithograph 569 x 429 mm.


How to use and manage the database is what all the developers concern about in the process of developing application software by using Visual Basic.Visual Basic provids a lot of tools and ways for those who writes program for database,but how to visit the database according to user's needs.So in this article the author carried out an analysis and comparison about the plans provided when visual basic visits database so that program designers could choose appropriate plans when developing application software.


The purpose of this study is to analyze about weight control of college students who are major in dancing and it aims to different phenomena of their styles and foods concerned on eating disorder which is explained by a qualitative interpretation. The six college students who are major in dancing and play visual arts participate on this study of weight control and eating disorder. The method of research is used by in depth-interview which means asking originally person to person. Interview materials is conducted by thematic analysis and it goes to the issue of weight control and eating disorder through major to minor themes. The fallowing were found as the reseult of this study: First of all, most of six students think that they are fat even it is not true and they are never satisfied with their weight. Thus their eager feelings to lose weight make serious psychological problem. Secondly, the problem of eating disorder can be found at the physical wound by irregular eating and one of six students has bad experience of eating disorder. Eating disorder has high rate of psychological conditional problem. Finally, abnormal weight control and eating disorder may cause bad influence to dancers who will take care of future arts culture. In this respect, this research is very important to solve the problem of weight control and eating disorder.


The imaging unit 1 is electrically connected to the imaging element 4 for detecting an object image, a circuit board 5 having a land 9b at least on the surface, electrically conductive, the connecting member 10 fixed to the circuit board 5, connecting a wiring connection portion 10c provided on the member 10 is extended bent from the side of the wiring connection portion 10c, the substrate connecting portion 10a which is electrically connected to the lands 9b, and 10b, connected to the wiring connection portion 10c is comprises a, the lands 9b and electrically connected to the wiring 8 through the connecting member 10.


The relationship between ministers and the public service is at the centre of the Westminster model of public administration. It does not lend itself to capture in a neat phrase or two. While there is a framework defined by statute and convention, the modus operandi at any time and in any portfolio is determined by personalities, the political context, and the agenda requiring attention - whether it be policies or unexpected events.


This paper discussed about Calculation of joint life insurance premiums based on Gompertz mortality assumptions that affect the probability of joint insurance participants. One important variable in calculating premiums and reserves is interest rates. The foreign exchange rate is the price of a currency if exchanged with another countrys currency. Depreciation in the foreign exchange rate causes fluctuations in interest rates which ultimately affect the calculation of premiums for joint life insurance. Based on the calculation results, the greater the depreciation value, the greater the interest rate. This will increase risk for insurance companies. Calculation of insurance premiums that are affected by dollar fluctuations, is expected to be able to obtain calculations that are in accordance with the world economic trends.


The title of Londa Schiebinger's Has Feminism Changed Science? (1999) invokes questions which are of interest to feminist philosophers of science: Will the inclusion of more women in scientific fields bring about socially more responsible or epistemically more successful science? What sciences have been changed by feminism and by what kind of feminism? What aspects of science have been changed: The culture of science? Questions posed by scientists? Or even the very content of science-its theories, concepts, and hypotheses? For philosophers who are interested in these questions, Schiebinger's book offers an informative overview of recent scholarship on women in science and gender in science. The book is divided into three parts. The first part treats women in science, past and present; the second treats gender in the culture of science; and the third addresses gender in the content of science. Schiebinger begins the overview by arguing that both liberal feminism and what she calls "difference feminism" (4) have their blind alleys. Liberal feminism has encouraged women to assimilate to science while leaving gender ideologies that inform and shape scientific cultures and institutions invisible and intact. "Difference feminism" has tended to emphasize gender differences to the point of romanticizing those values traditionally considered feminine in its search for women's distinctive "ways of knowing." Schiebinger's own position is a sophisticated middle ground between liberal feminism and difference feminism. In order for gender equity policies to be effective, she argues, they need to be informed by studies of gender in the culture and content of science: "What we need is a healthy working relationship between scholars involved in developing gender critiques of science and those doing science" (185). Yet feminists should, she asserts, steer clear of those


This issue of The Family Planning Manager describes the use of national- and local-level data to guide development of reproductive health (RH) programs. The first section explains to family planning (FP) managers the importance of using a broad spectrum of data to guide expansion of FP services to cover a broader range of RH needs. The next section defines the scope of RH services and suggests that a comprehensive RH program may include services in the areas of maternal health, infant health, infant nutrition, adolescent health, and reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted disease/HIV infection prevention and control. The guide continues by describing the creation of a RH indicator panel template and by selecting program areas and indicators for the panel. Sources of national and regional RH data are offered, and information is given on the choice of appropriate local indicators. A sample of local RH indicators is provided, key terms are defined, and a sample RH indicator panel is illustrated. The next sections cover establishment of performance baselines, setting objectives for each indicator, analyzing the indicator panel data, using the indicator panel for decision-making, using the indicator panel to guide the program, and keeping the indicator panel current. After presenting the contributions of reviewers, this issue ends with a list of sources of national RH data and a checklist for using national and local data.


Knowing the appropriate time of irrigation and the amount of water applied to the crop is essential to increase yield and water productivity. There was no research activity which was conducted in Assosa district regarding to optimal irrigation scheduling of maize before this study. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the response of maize to irrigation regime( when and how much) and determination of water productivity. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years. The experiment had five treatments which were, Soil moisture depletion levels (SMD1=60% of ASMDL, SMD2=80% of ASMDL, SMD3=100% of ASMDL,SDL4= 120% of ASMDL and SMD5= 140% of ASMDL) with RCBD experimental design. Reference evapotranspiration, crop water and net irrigation requirements were calculated. The results were indicated that yield and water productivity were significance at SMD3 or 100% available soil moisture depletion level of maize variety of BH-540. Hence applying irrigation water when the available soil moisture content reaches at critical depletion and 444.2mm total net depth of water was contributed.


The studies on exisistence of pre-nicotine and signal substances at different organs and leaf positions of tobacco plant were reviewed,and the rule of nicotine synthesis and distribution were revealed.Nicotine synthesis influencing factors such as mineral elements of N,P,K,as well as other agronomic treatments including variety,topping,plant population,film-mulching,irrigation,maturity,external regulators,root slicing and root-cutting were discussed.The other influencing factors of soil,climate and elevation towards the nicotine concentration in tobacco leaves were also discussed.


Pharmacies are an inseparable part of the drug distribution chain until it reaches the patient. However, patients often hear complaints about the availability of drugs in pharmacies because sometimes there are drug shortage. The aim of this study was to identify the drug procurement pattern in four network pharmacies in the Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) area in 2019. A retrospective study of four network pharmacies in the Bumi Serpong Peace (BSD) area of South Tangerang was carried out. A total of 8,959 samples were obtained by census from procurement documents of all drugs sold beginning in 2019. (A, B, C, and D pharmacies). The ABC and VEN methods were used in this study. The information gathered includes the name of the drug, the unit, the manufacturer's name, the creditor's name, and the amount and selling price. During 2019, four pharmacies had a total of 2,876 medicinal items of pharmacy A, 1,918 medicinal items of pharmacy B, 1,939 medicinal items of pharmacy C, and 2,226 medicinal items of pharmacy D, with a total drug expenditure of pharmacy A Rp.2,649,438;pharmacy B Rp.683,389,661; pharmacy C Rp. 881,540,329; and pharmacy D Rp. 1,245,520,143. Based on the findings of the study, it is possible to conclude that the four pharmacies have the most drugs in the essential category based on the VEN analysis. However, based on the Pareto ABC analysis, there are still many drugs in four network pharmacies in the BSD Region that fall into the Pareto C category, necessitating further investigation of the procurement.


This paper presents a method for recognizing hand-written Chinese characters on ancient documents using optical character recognition (OCR). The method employs a segmentation algorithm based on histogram projection and Gaussian kernel convolution map, which accurately divides images of characters into sub-images of a single character. The algorithm was tested on a dataset of over one million Chinese handwritten characters and achieved a segmentation accuracy of over 97.75% in the best-case scenario for four categories of ancient documents. The proposed method provides a lightweight preprocessing technique for subsequent work aimed at recognizing ancient Chinese handwritten character documents using a neural network.


This article investigates the Relationship Marketing practices used by a Junior Enterprise (non-economic civil association), considering the growth of competitiveness among service companies and the need to differentiate themselves from the competition. The organization was chosen because it is a case of university entrepreneurship, whose analysis of practices can be useful for other junior enterprises, for other university initiatives, as well as for micro and small entrepreneurs. Its general objective is to analyze the marketing used by this organization, to relate to its stakeholders (clients and partners) and, as specific objectives, to identify its stakeholders, to present the Relationship Marketing actions used, to evaluate the actions in light of the theory, Besides proposing improvements to the Relationship Marketing practices adopted. It also seeks to prove the hypothesis of the existence of relationship practices involved in the organization's culture, strategy and operations and the creation of a trust relationship as the main strategy of Relationship Marketing of EJA Consultoria. To that end, we analyzed the existing references on the subject, subdividing them into: definitions, study currents, importance of relationships of trust, construction, evaluation of an organization's engagement, benefits and practices of Relationship Marketing, besides having studied the use of the same in service companies and the definition of a Junior Enterprise. The methodology is based on a case study, preceded by a bibliographical review and carried out through a semistructured interview (conducted in the second half of 2011), generating a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive analysis. The result obtained is that the organization has good practices of Relationship Marketing with its stakeholders, having detected the need to further define the strategies of such Marketing and a greater focus on customers.


We present a technique for calibrating spectrum measurement of terahertz time domain spectrometers (THz-TDS) using absorption lines of carbon monoxide (CO). The mean error between the peak positions measured by our THz-TDS and JPL database is 3.1 GHz. The results show that CO is suitable for frequency calibration of THz-TDS.


The hot corrosion of two iron-based alloys containing 5% and 10% yttrium as well as pure iron has been studied at 900℃ in the presence of Na2SO4 deposit.Both alloys formed an external scale of iron oxides,beneath which a zone containing a mixture of the two oxides and sulfides is also present.A region of internal oxidation of yttrium was formed in the alloys.The presence of yttrium has not been shown to be beneficial,and a selective oxidation scale of yttrium has also not been found.This corrosion behavior of the alloys is discussed by taking into account the limited solubility of Y in Fe and the enhanced diffusivity of oxygen in Fe-Y alloys.


Purpose To report on an unusual case of a branch retinal vein occlusion followed by occlusion of the respective branch retinal artery of the same eye 7 years later, in a young, otherwise healthy man with marginal elevation of antiphospholipid antibodies. Case Report On first presentation, a 30-year-old male patient was diagnosed as having a branch retinal vein occlusion with the sole risk factor of slightly increased diastolic pressure. On second presentation, 7 years later, a transient occlusion of the respective branch retinal artery was diagnosed on the same patient. Extensive ophthalmologic and general medical evaluations were performed including cardiovascular, coagulation, and immunology testing. Coagulopathy screening revealed slightly elevated titers of anticardiolipin IgM and anti–beta 2 glycoprotein-I IgM antibodies, and aspirin prophylaxis was initiated. Conclusions Retinal vascular occlusions are typically associated with well-defined, classical risk factors in older people. In younger, otherwise healthy patients, further autoimmune hypercoagulable disorders are often causal. Our case suggests the contribution of slightly elevated antiphospholipid IgM antibodies, although this remains to be proven.


Oceanic raised bogs have long been exploited, both commercially and privately in Ireland. At present, 23,628 ha or 8% remains in an active state (Foss 1998}, while at least 60,000 ha will be cutaway by the middle o f the next century (EGAN 1998). Industria! exploitation through milling involves the gradual removal of layers of peat until the less combustible fen peat is reached. On abandonment, the substrate is generally a mix of acid and alkaline peats and even occasionally lake marl and boulder clay. The surface level tends to be below the average water-table and in recent years areas of cutaway have been flooded to create lakes. Water is chiefly supplied by groundwater and precipitation, but some lakes may be fed by drains or small streams. These water-bodies have been allowed to colonise naturally. The development o f macroinvertebrate communities was studied in rwo such lakes in central Ireland. As part of a wider investigation, Corixidae were sampled regularly over the course o f a year and the animals examined. lnteresting comparisons berween sexes and berween lakes were made.


M uch attention in the past has been directed to the shoulder and neck problems related to competitive paddling. Recently, we have encountered difficulties related to the patellofemoral joint in paddlers of all ages, and most dramatically, in those paddlers that have been competing for over 5 years. It is the purpose of this paper to report to you a special orthosis that has been designed by our team at Nova Scotia Sports Medicine Clinic to reduce the stress at the patellofemoral interface.


How to cite this article: Carvalho DRS, Nery NML, Martins TS, Cecilio-Fernandes D. Health simulation: history and applied cognitive concepts. J Health Educ. 2021;5(1):xx-xx. http://dx.doi. org/10.17267/2594-7907ijhe.v5i1.3889 Inter. J. Health Educ., Salvador, 2021 October;5(1):xx-xx http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2594-7907ijhe.v5i1.3889 | ISSN: 2594-7907 Health simulation: history and applied cognitive concepts


An expression for the entropy of one gram atom of a substance in the solid state has been given by Ratnowsky. In a communication to the Physical Society in 1916 the author gave the correct form of the approximation required for high values of the absolute temperature in terms of Bernoulli's numbers. The data required for testing the formula have been supplied in a recent Paper by Lewis and Gibson, who have given values for the entropy of the elements under the condition of constant volume, and also under constant pressure. These values were deduced from observations on the specific heat assuming the truth of the heat theorem of Nernst, that the entropy of every actual substance in the pure state is zero at the absolute zero of temperature. It is found that the formula of Ratnowsky gives values for the entropy of a solid in very close agreement with those obtained by Lewis and Gibson. The hypotheses assumed in the theory of Ratnoswky are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that these are probably justified as being at least approximately true.


Inova Health System Foundation (Inova) and Prince William Health System, Inc. (PWHS) announced today that they will abandon their proposed merger. This announcement comes after the Federal Trade…


Multi-Agent Systems, a division of Intelligent Systems diversely applied in multiple disciplines. Desired for their efficiency in solving complex problems at a low cost. However, identified vulnerabilities include system security, integrity, and identity management. Blockchain Technologies was chosen for analysis in providing a suitable solution due to features of transparency, encryption, and trust.


The reflection spectra of KDP and ADP are studied in the vacuum ultraviolet region up to 35 eV. Polarized light is used in the study of low energy part below 13 eV. Some peaks in the spectra are found to show remarkable dependence on the polarization of the incident light. The energy levels of PO 4 3- , H 2 PO 4 - and H 4 PO 4 + are calculated by the extended Huckel method. By comparing the peak energies in the reflection spectra with the energy levels and taking the polarization characteristics into consideration, tentative assignment is given to the bands observed.


In recent years, the development of healthcare monitoring devices require sensor antennas with high performance and small size. Normal-mode helical antenna (NMHA) can achieve high efficiency when antenna structure is designed self-resonant. However, when antenna was placed in a human body, it was reported that an antenna efficiency was decreased owing to increase of input resistance. To ensure the input resistance through experiment is important. In this paper, measurement is performed by using a human body phantom. Input resistance results of measurement and simulations agree rather well.


The channel response of data communication over a multipath wireless channel is often required to be known at the receiver. An accurate estimation of channel can greatly increase the throughput of the whole systems. Training-based methods are commonly used to learn the channel response. But the traditional channel estimation doesn't take the characteristics of wireless channel into account. On the other hand, Compressive sensing has recently gained much attention in various areas. In communication, compressive sensing is also been used to estimate the channel response in wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we consider the channel estimation of frequency selective wireless channels which is the opposite of time selective wireless. An optimization for channel estimation based on compressed channel sensing is proposed in this paper. The optimization considers the character of channel. We use the delay of the channel to optimize the algorithm of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit. We present the LS and CS estimators and a method for modifications compromising of performance. The bit error number and the normalized mean square error for a 16-QAM system are presented by means of simulation results. Our simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction of the performance of the bite error number and the normalized mean square error. So that, the optimization for channel estimation based on compressed channel sensing achieves the same bit error number with the reduction of pilots by comparing the traditional channel estimation, then, the modified method also increase spectral efficiency.


Fort Madison, Iowa, Nov. 19, 1893. To the Editor: —In ourJournalfor Nov. 18, 1893, under caption, "Pathology of Influenza," I find an excerpt from the St. Petersburger Medicinische Wochenschrift , in which a painstaking microscopist finds on postmortem,intra-fibrillar hemorrhages invariably unilateral, from which pathologic find he draws the conclusion that the lesions in influenza involve the sympathetic centers. (Journal of the American Medical Association, p. 774, November, 1893). The observation substantiates my anatomico-physiologic deduction as presented in the Iowa State Medical Association in May, 1892. See Transactions of Iowa on page 93. Permit me to inclose reprint and oblige. Very truly,


Objective: To reveal the synaptic connections on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and acetyl cholinergic (ACh) interneurons in the basolateral nucleus (BL) of the amygdala. Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were employed to label the GABAergic and ACh neurons in the BL with anti-GABA and anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibodies for both light and electron microscopy. Results: At the LM level, majority of the GABA-immunoreactive (IR) interneurons revealed as round multipolar neurons, while most of the ChAT-IR interneurons were bipolar. The numbers of GABA-IR versus ChAT-IR interneurons were approximately 7-9 to 1 in a given section of 35μm thickness. Under EM, GABA-IR interneurons were innervated with 52.7% asymmetric (excitatory) and 47.3% symmetric (inhibitory) synapses. Comparatively, the ChAT-IR interneurons received about 44.9% asymmetric and 55.1% symmetric synaptic inputs. Conclusion: The GABAergic neurons constitute a dominant population of the local circuit interneurons with the ACh interneurons as subsidiary elements in the BL of amygdala. The GABAergic neurons exert an inhibitory, while the ACh interneurons exert a neutral (balance in excitatory and inhibitory) influence to the amygdalar neurons during emotional learning and memory process.


These experiments in rats were undertaken to investigate possible changes in uterine weight and its correlation with the water content following insertion of an IUD 7-14 or 21-28 days previously. As controls 10 rats at estrus and 10 at diestrus were sacrificed. In 20 rats (10 at estrus and 10 at diestrus) a silk thread was inserted into 1 uterine horn and a sham operation done on the other horn. After the different periods of wearing the IUD the 2 horns of these animals were examined separately. Water content of uterine tissue was determined by weighing before and after drying overnight in a hot oven. In the control rats there was no significant change in water content or uterine weight at the estrus or diestrus phase of the cycle. The IUDs caused some increase in the water content and wet weight of the rat uterus at 7 and 14 days but the increase in the wet and dry weight of the uterine horn with an IUD was significant only at 21 to 28 days after insertion (p less than .05). The increase in wet weight was not significant when results were calculated according to dry weight. These increases were shown to be party due to an increase in water content and party due to an accumulation of some chemical substance like glycogen in the uterus.


The effects of aging treatment and La content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloys were investigated by XRD,SEM,EDS and microhardness meter. The results showed that a great number ofβ-phases were precipitated and distributed along the grain boundaries after aging treatment.As the content of La increased,the grain size ofβ-phase decreased gradually,whileα-phase decreased first and then increased.The mechanical properties of as-cast and aged specimens increased first and then decreased as the content of La increased.The tensile strength, yield strength,elongation and Vickers hardness of aged magnesium alloys were increased by 12.65%, 16.85%,13.71%and 37.24%,respectively.When the content of La was 0.1648%,the tensile strength, yield strength,elongation and Vickers hardness achieved 276 MPa,208 MPa,13.85%and 132 HV, respectively.


During World War II, publishing was an important element of the war effort for both the Allies and the Axis powers. Wartime propaganda and cultural diplomacy relied primarily on books, magazines and the daily press. The exiled governments in London, including the Polish government, undertook a major effort to translate, publish and promote numerous books and pamphlets that would appeal to British readers and thereby help to sway public opinion. This paper focuses on translation as an important aspect of wartime publishing that has not yet received much scholarly attention. It offers a contribution to research into the role and place of translations in wartime publishing by discussing the Polish government-in-exile's translation and publishing campaign. Drawing on various archival sources, it demonstrates that publishing translations was an important part of wartime cultural diplomacy and led to the development of extensive state-private networks that brought together exiled governments and British publishers. By analysing this material in a broad cultural context, the paper highlights the historical, ideological and political relevance of translation studies research to wartime publishing and censorship.


THE GOVERNMENT has finally caved in to pressure from nursing unions and is to launch a major recruitment campaign to attract more nurses into the profession.


Veratryl alcohol and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene were found to be ineffective mediators for the oxidation of anisyl alcohol by the lignin peroxidase model, iron meso-tetra(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin chloride (TDCSPPFeCl). However, veratryl alcohol can mediate the electrochemical oxidation of the polymeric dye Poly B-411. The TDCSPPFeCl catalyzed reactions of lignin model compounds were found to be dependent on pH and the solvent being used. The importance of the mediating role of veratryl alcohol in lignin degradation is discussed


D.N. Lir1,2, A.Ya. Perevalov2, N.V. Tapeshkina3,4, A.V. Sherstobitova2, E.A. Misharina2 Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation Novokuznetsk State Institute for Doctors Skills Development, a branch of the Russian medical Academy for Continuous Occupational Education, 5 Stroitelei Ave., Novokuznetsk, 654005, Russian Federation Kemerovo State Medical University, 22А Voroshilova Str., Kemerovo, 650029, Russian Federation


An inorganic fiber and ceramic honeycomb structure comprising at least two separate smaller ceramic honeycombs that have been adhered to fit an adhesive consisting of binder phase, is less than the honeycomb and fiber, silicates, aluminate or alumino - ceramic honeycomb structure to be coupled in conjunction with binder phase consisting of silicates. Fiber, a portion of the fibers have a length of up to 1000 microns, with a multi-modal length distribution other fiber has a length of 1mm greater. The adhesive composition may, for example, by mixing together an inorganic binder having opposite charges in order to produce a useful adhesive composition for application to a smaller honeycomb to be bonded in water, shear thinning while realizing adhesive can be prepared in the absence of other inorganic and organic additives.


Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC) is a kind of syndrome of general bleeding,which results from many diseases.If it is not treated in time,DIC will endanger patients' lives.In this article,a few kinds of methods of curing DIC through blood component transfusion have been reviewed.


This report tabulates an extensive geochemical database on waters, gases, scales, rocks, and hot-spring deposits from the Dixie Valley region, Nevada. The samples from which the data were obtained were collected and analyzed during 1996 to 1999. These data provide useful information for ongoing and future investigations on geothermal energy, volcanism, ore deposits, environmental issues, and groundwater quality in this region.


This study aims to (1) To determine the workload of the conveyor belt system (2) To determine the distance between idlers (3) To determine the slope of the conveyor belt (4) To determine the driving motor power. The design of the 25 TPH conveyor belt is a problem at PT. Bumi Mineral Sulawesi. That is because, one of the components in the conveyor belt equipment does not yet exist. The intended component is the motor drive on all belt conveyor passes (planned to have 4 belt conveyor passes). The results of this activity have been obtained on belt conveyor 1 (BC 01) the material to be destroyed is rock crushed with a density of 2 T / m3, belt length of 17 meters, conveyor belt capacity of 25 TPH, belt slope of 170, belt width of 500 mm, the maximum belt voltage is 7,806 kN / m, the distance between the carrying idler is 1200 mm, the distance between the return idler is 3000 mm, with a motor power of 5.5 kW. In conveyor belt 2 (BC 02) the material to be destroyed is rock crushed with a density of 2 T / m3, belt length of 13 meters, conveyor belt capacity of 25 TPH, belt slope of 170, belt width of 500 mm, belt maximum voltage of 7,806 kN / m distance between carrying idlers 1200 mm, distance between return idlers 3000 mm, with motor power of 5.5 kW. On conveyor belts 03 and 04 (BC 03 and BC 04) the material to be destroyed is rock crushed with a density of 2 T / m3, belt length of 10 meters, conveyor belt capacity of 25 TPH, belt slope of 170, belt width of 500 mm , maximum belt voltage 7,806 kN/m distance between carrying idlers 1200 mm, distance between return idlers 3000 mm, with 5.5 kW motor power


Four experiments used a programmable ultrasonic friction-modulation device to explore parameters that might be candidates for roughness modulation and to assess whether spatially modulated texture gradients could be discriminated by their direction of change. Candidate roughness parameters included frequency, amplitude and two implementations of local friction variation (noise). Amplitude, frequency, and noise all moderated roughness. Observed interactions between parameters could reflect peripheral or attentional effects. Directional discrimination of graded frictional changes was well above chance, but did not indicate accessible and reliable differentiation that could readily be exploited in use contexts.


• References Abstract: The language, structure and undertone using which the media frame an issue influence, formulate public opinion. A manifestation of this is the largest in scale, intensity and impactmilitary operation conducted by the Pakistan army since the country's explicit involvement in the global war on terror. "Zarb-e-Azb (ZeB)", Pakistan Military's flagship operation against militant outfits operating predominantly from erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas, (FATA) was launched in June, 2014. The initial successes of the operation could be attributed to the whole-of-the-nation approach deployed by the Pakistan army reflecting a national consensus to extricate terrorism. Media is a strong driver of public opinion and ZeB could prove to be ineffective without public consensus and support. Therefore, any understanding of the causal effects of ZeB's outcomes must begin from an analysis of the media frames, developed through opinion making in print journalism, that have done to form, or in certain cases unformed, a certain public opinion.


Objective:To explore the protective effects of sulforaphane(SFN)on inflammation of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its possible mechanism.Methods:Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was induced by intraluminal suture.Five mg/kg SFN was administrated intraperitoneally at 60 min after MCAO.At 24 h after reperfusion,neurologic deficiency scores were detected and the infarct volume was evaluated by TTC staining.Myeloperoxidase(MPO)activities in rat brain were measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration.Expressions of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) in rat brain were determined by Western blot.Results:Neurological deficiency scores((2.49±0.48)vs.(1.34±0.62),P=0.000)were significantly improved,infarcted volume was diminished((0.41±0.02)% vs.(0.26±0.03)%,P=0.000)and activity of MPO in cerebral tissues((0.43±0.02)U/g vs.(0.35±0.02)U/g,P=0.000)was decreased in 5 mg/kg SFN group than in MCAO group.Results of Western blot showed that SFN could also decrease the expression of NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 compared with those in MCAO group((0.39±0.05)vs.(1.65±0.05),P=0.000;(0.30±0.05)vs.(0.91±0.03),P=0.000;(0.49±0.11)vs.(1.50±0.03),P=0.000).Conclusions:SFN exerts the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibiting the inflammatory response,which may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 expression.


A new solid-state laser material——Yb:Y 2 O 3 transparent ceramic based on nano crystalline technology and the vacuum sintering (NTVS) method is reported. The manufacture technology, the physical and chemical properties, the energy level split structure and the spectra characteristics of Yb:Y 2 O 3 ceramic media are discussed and compared with those of Yb:YAG single crystal. Further more, with the compact active mirror laser (CAMIL) design, the laser parameters of Yb:Y 2 O 3 ceramic are demonstrated at room temperature. An optimum output power of 10.5W has been obtained under the max imum pumping power of 35 W. Its corresponding slope efficiency was 37.5%. The laser wavelength red-shift was observed with the increasing of the pump power and the reflectivities while the decrease of the radium of output coupler (ROC). In fact, Yb:Y 2 O 3 ceramic is an ideal laser material, it has excellent physical and chemical properties and spectra characteristics comparable with those of the Yb:YAG single crystal. Further more, its thermal conductivity and emission bandwidths are nearly twice those of Yb:YAG, which shows that it is a promising candidate in high power and femto-second pulsed laser applications.


The E J characteristics of well-characterized fully strained epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films have been investigated up to high current densities J 104–105 A /cm2 . Different electric contact resistances and different current path configurations have been used to sort out the role of Joule self-heating from contact heating in the transport properties. It is demonstrated through macroscopic transport and conductive scanning force microscopy measurements that contact heating may lead to nonlinear and irreversible E J characteristics when high contact resistances are used. Low dissipative contact power measurements are crucial to define the upper J limits to keep linear and reversible E J characteristics. We demonstrate that Joule self-heating in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films only induces moderate warming at high temperatures while achieving bistable resistivity at low temperatures would require the use of very high current densities J 5 105 A /cm2 .


The growing demand for network programmability has led to the introduction of complex packet processing features that are increasingly hard to provide at full line rates. In this paper, we introduce a novel load-balancing approach that provides more processing power to congested linecards by tapping into the processing power of underutilized linecards. Using different switch-fabric models, we introduce algorithms that aim at minimizing the total average delay and maximizing the capacity region. Our simulations with real-life traces then confirm that our algorithms outperform current algorithms as well as simple alternative load-balancing algorithms. Finally, we discuss the implementation issues involved in this new way of sharing the router processing power.


The design of a racing car needs several aerodynamic design steps in order to achieve high performance. Each component has an aerodynamic interaction with the others and high performance requires a good match between them. The front wing is undoubtedly one of the main components to determine car performance with a strong interaction with the downstream components. The Gurney Flap (GF) is a small appendix perpendicular to the pressure side of the front wing at the trailing edge that can dramatically improve the front wing performance. In the literature, the performance of a GF on a single profile is well documented, while in this paper the GF mounted on the front wing of a racing car has been investigated and the interactions through the 3D flow structures are discussed. The global drag and downforce performance on the main components of the vehicle have been examined by comparing the cases with and without a GF. The GF increases the downforce by about 24% compared to a limited increase in the drag force. A fluid dynamic analysis has been carried out to understand the physical mechanisms of the flow interaction induced to the other components. The GF, in fact, enhances the ground effect, by redistributing the flow that interacts differently with the other components i.e., the wheel zone.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicating cirrhosis has a high intrahepatic recurrence rate after treatment by surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). In this study, certain clinical, biochemical, and pathologic parameters were evaluated as risk factors for intrahepatic tumor recurrence in liver segments different from that of the first neoplasm in a group of 57 cirrhotic patients with single HCC < 5 cm treated by PEI.


In Western society, many colonial practices, such as the removal of Aboriginal women from their communities prior to birth, still detrimentally affects Aboriginal peoples' lives. Health Canada's evacuation policy for pregnant Aboriginal women living in rural and remote areas involves nurses, who are employed by the federal government, coordinating the transfer of all pregnant women to urban cities at 36-38 weeks gestational age to await the birth of their baby.1 The policy states that it is founded on concerns for the wellbeing of Aboriginal women, in an attempt to "curb First Nations' child and maternal mortality rates".1 However, there is a need to problematize the practice of obstetric evacuation given its colonial roots and its impact on Aboriginal women. The objective of this review paper is to explore and bring awareness to some of the consequences of Canada's evacuation policy for pregnant Aboriginal women who live in rural and remote regions. Morespecifically, this paper, drawing on ethnographic research previously conducted with Canadian Aboriginal women on their lived experiences of prenatal care and birth, will examine the lack of social support, loss of control, and lack of culturally competent care that Aboriginal women face. The findings demonstrate an urgent need for policy makers to also consider the lived experience of Aboriginal women when making decisions that impact their health.


It is not immediately obvious that Archigram's architectural legacy, which is in some ways slight, deserves to be documented in a book. The slightness is hinted at in the paradoxical title of Simon Sadler's book Archigram: Architecture Without Architecture, an allusion to Bernard Rudolfsky's Architecture Without Architects of 1964, about vernacular architecture. However, Sadler's treatment leaves one in no doubt that the exercise was worthwhile. He writes beautifully and persuasively. It sounds as if the Archigram group was hedonistic and high spirited, with a flair for self-promotion; but if that were the whole story, then we would not want to hear about it now. What Sadler shows is that, whether by luck or judgment, their work connected with important cultural developments and was a compelling assertion that the way forward for architecture would involve dealing with new technologies and people with newly uninhibited attitudes to the pursuit of pleasure.The book is carefully researched and properly documented but never weighed down by extraneous commentary. It is a real aid to understanding, especially useful for students who know about the 1960s only as a remote historical era, but fascinating for those who already know about the ideas because there is also material about the connections between people and other projects that were realized, such as the Centre Pompidou in Paris. What Archigram did was to focus attention on a particular range of concerns that were not seen by all as the legitimate concerns of architecture.They made technology look cool and desirable. In doing this, they paved the way for the British architects of the ''high-tech'' tendency, who tended to be less ''cool'' and more ''nerdy,'' and who translated the aspirations into commercially viable versions, which were less extreme, less exciting, and less desirable as images—but were built. The graphic images produced by the Archigram group during the 1960s seemed to be more science fiction than architecture. They represented ideas about aspects of living, especially ways in which new technology could make life more pleasurable. Often the technology did not really exist. For example, there is a design by Michael Webb from 1967 that shows a ''suitaloon'' in action. It is presented as a sequence of images in which a man and a woman dressed in water-cooled space suits with antennas meet one another. The man is modeled on Michelangelo's David, here called ''Dave.'' Their suits coalesce to wrap both of them together, pressed flesh to flesh. In a modern science-fiction film using seamless special effects, we could see this happening without it challenging our imaginations at all. As a proposition to issue to a building contractor, it would still—two generations later—present problems. It still does not look like architecture, but Archigram's central concern was never the way buildings looked, it was how people might live. The characteristic graphics are—unusually for architectural illustrations— dominated by people, typically cut out of advertisements and stuck to the page. The original artwork often looks crude in an engagingly homemade way, but when reproduced (as was intended), the image becomes seamless and slick. It is the images that are the basis of Archigram's reputation, which has proved to be surprisingly durable. The images continue to circulate and still look fresh, which cannot be said of many of the buildings produced at the same time. The Archigram project that came closest to being actualized was an entertainments center in Monte Carlo, with places to plug headphones into the grass lawn to listen to music and periscopes for people beneath to look through to see what was happening. Now that we have personal music systems and web-cams, the machinery looks oldfashioned; had the project been realized, it would now look quaint, or else it would have been refitted and refurbished. The collages still look good. There is a side of Archigram's achievement that was accurately predictive, and their ''pop'' version of architecture's culture now looks much more mainstream than it did in the 1960s, when aspirant architects' principal role-models were Mies and Le Corbusier. If Archigram seemed out of date in the 1980s, they look less so now that some of the ideas have been consolidated in the mainstream, even to the point of being taught in the universities. The sexual stereotyping in the images dates them, but the fusion of high and pop culture now seems normal. The technologies that looked futuristic then have either been superseded or still look impossible (the suitaloon). Nevertheless, the images, produced with stencils, scissors, and rotring pens, still have some power to provoke in our age where digital media are routine. Archigram's floating world is a place of dreams, which are never so compelling when they are retold in the cold light of day; but now that we spend so much time in


In this paper,an artificial-immune-algorithm-based QoS multicast routing algorithm in IP/DWDM optical Internet is proposed.Given a QoS multicast request and the delay interval required by the group,an algorithm is pro- posed,being able to finda flexible QoS-based cost near-optimal routing tree.The proposed algorithm constructs the multicast tree based on artificial immune algorithm,and assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph ideas. It integrates routing and wavelength assignment into one single process,and also considers load balanc- ing.Simulation results have shown that it can construct a feasible and effective routing tree for group applications in IP/DWDM optical Internet.


A 21-year-old man applied to our outpatient clinic with palpitation. The 12-lead electrocardiogram showed a sinus rhythm. Physical examination was in normal limits. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) revealed an echogenicity on the septum at the right ventricle ( Figure 1A ). The max/mean pressure gradient across the tricuspid valve was 7/3 mmHg and there was trivial tricuspid …


Due to the recent challenges in access control, surveillance and security, there is an increased need for efficient human authentication solutions. Ear recognition is an appealing choice where the data acquisition procedure is contactless, non-intrusive, and covert. This article proposes a deep learning-based solution for effective ear recognition. First, we explore multiple strategies to enhance learning using alternative ear datasets with a wide range of ear poses. Second, we investigate the performance of the proposed deep ear models in the presence of various image artifacts, which commonly occur in real-life recognition applications, to identify the robustness of the proposed ear recognition models in controlled and uncontrolled conditions (dataset dependent). Finally, we propose an efficient ear image quality assessment tool designed to guide the proposed ear recognition system. By performing a set of experiments on extended degraded ear datasets, we determine that the employment of the proposed ear image quality assessment tool improves ear identification performance from 58.72% to 97.25% for the USTB degraded dataset and from 45.80% to 75.11% for the degraded FERET dataset.


Introduction: Palatal rugae (rugae palatinae) are transverse folds on hard palate of most mammals, but their number and position is specific for each species. Palatal rugae are also known as plicae palatinae transversae. They are formed in the third month of intrauterine life from the covering connective tissue. Length of palatal rugae and space between them increase with development and growth of the anterior part of palate in early childhood. They are very wide-spread in mammals, but their biological significance is still unclear. When we talk about palatal rugae, we describe their shape, definition, length, distance between two folds, height and width.
 Palatal rugae are irregular, asymmetrical elevations of the mucouse membrane made from the lateral membrane of the incisive papilla, directly along foramen incisivum and the anterior part of the medial palatal suture. The histological folds are a multi-layered, planocellular, mostly paraceratinized epithel on connective tissue of the base, similar to the adjacent palatal tissue.
 For almost more than a hundred years, it has been attempted to categorize palatal rugae. Today, the most significant and the most wide-spread is the Lysell's classification from 1955. According to this classification, palatal rugae are divided into three categories and are measured in a straight line. The three categories are: primary (5 mm and more), secondary (3-5 mm) and fragmentary (2-3 mm). Lysell concludes that shape, length, width, prominence, number and orientation of palatal rugae vary greatly among patients. Besides Lysell's classification, another classification widely used in researches is the Lima's classification, which distinguishes among four main types: intermittent, straight, curvy and combined.
 Generally, there is no symmetry in number, shape and position of rugae. Variations are also present, although in a smaller number, between left and right half of every person's palate. Growth of teeth or their loss does not affect the shape, appearance and characteristics of rugae.
 A great number of researches agree that appearance and structure of rugae are unchangeable and do not alter under the influence of heath, chemicals, illness or trauma. If palatal rugae are destroyed, they are reproduced at the exact same place. This is why palatal rugae represent an ideal parameter in forensic identification.
 Study of palatal rugae for the purpose of identification of people is called palatoscopy or palatal rugoscopy. In forensic researches in Bosnia and Herzegovina, palatal rugoscopy has not been used so far and researched in this area are quite modest. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine specificities of palatal rugae patterns based on a sample of Bosnian-Herzegovinian population of different age groups and different sex, so that the palatal rugoscopy could be used as an auxiliary method in identification in forensic researches in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 Examinees and research methods: The research includes 250 gypsum models of upper jaw of both sexes and different age groups from Sarajevo and the surrounding area. The sample did not include: patients with severe congenital anomalies, patients with severe systemic diseases and underage patients whose parents did not sign an approval for participation in the research. The gypsum models belong to 127 (50.8%) men and 123 (49.2%) women aged 10 to 60. Impressions were taken with commercial (factory) metal spoon of an appropriate size, depending on the state and size of jaw. The impression material used was alginate "Hydrogum" produced by Zhermack Clinical.
 On the gypsum models, counters of palatal rugae, median palatal suture and papillae incisiva were drawn with pencil HB 0.5 mm. Then, each model was placed on a flat surface and photographed with digital camera Olympus FE-130 placed vertically. Palatal rugae were then marked in computer program Paint with letter of the alphabet, starting from the anterior part of the right side of patient's palate and then clockwise. The measuring of palatal rugae on gypsum models was done in computer program VistaMetrix. Length of palatal rugae were measured with a straight line, regardless of eventual irregular shape of palatal rugae. Width of palatal rugae were taken on the widest part of rugae. Distance from the median palatal suture was taken with a straight line from the rugae to the closest point on median palatal suture. Distance from papillae incisiva was measured with a straight line, from the papillae incisiva to the same point from which the distance to the median palatal suture was measured. All measurements are in millimeters.
Results and discussion: Results of analysis of number, shape, size and position of palatal rugae in the sample of Bosnian-Herzegovinian population points to certain similarities, but also to differences from the populations researched so far. In the Bosnian-Herzegovinian sample, the number of palatal rugae is from 1 to 6 on the right side of palatal arch and 1 to 7 on the left side. The most frequent were examinees with 2 and 3 palatal rugae per each side of the gypsum model. Distribution of palatal rugae between right and left sides show great similarity, which leads to the conclusion that they are almost fully symmetrically distributed.
 Distribution of palatal rugae classified according to length according to Lysell shows that, in Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, which was expected, each person has primary palatal rugae, secondary were present in only one third of examinees, while prevalence of fragmentary palatal rugae was insignificant.
 Classification of palatal rugae according to their shape, i.e. according to Lima's classification, shows that in Bosnian-Herzegovinian population, the corrugated shape was predominant, being present in almost all examinees (94.8%). The curved shape was also very present (78%), and straight shapes were also very frequent (49.2%).
 Analysis of sex- and age-related difference in number according to Lysell and Lima's classification of palatal rugae, especially according to their position in relation to the papillae incisiva, confirms to a great extent their independence from sex and age of examinees.
 The research has shown almost no difference between sexes in the tested parameters, except in the number of secondary palatal rugae where, with the error of 7.6%, it can be concluded that women have more secondary palatal rugae. The 20-39 age group has, on average, a significantly higher total number of palatal rugae then a total number of primary palatal rugae according to Lysell, as well as a total number of corrugated shapes of palatal folds according to Lima than the other two age groups.
 The literature used shows that most other authors have found statistically significant difference between men and women regarding different characteristics of palatal rugae (number, shape, length).
 In an attempt to establish a person's sex based on palatal rugae characteristics, a great number of researchers has used the logistic regression analysis (LRA). In this research, LRA has not resulted in a statistically significant predictors, and is therefore insignificant in sex-based differentiation in Bosnian-Herzegovinian population.
 Conclusion: Palatal rugae in humans are asymmetrical, which is unique for this species. Besides, in their shape, position and number, i.e. their pattern, palatal rugae are unique in each patient. Changes occur in bone structure, but palatal rugae pattern remains the same throughout life. In short, there are no two identical palatal rugae patterns, not even in identical twins.
 The purpose of this research is to establish particularities of palatal rugae patterns in a sample taken from Bosnian-Herzegovinian population of various age groups and different sex, so that the palatal rugoscopy could be used as an auxiliary method in identification in forensic researches in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 Based on results of the research, it can be concluded that there are no statistically significant differences between palatal rugae on the right and those on the left side of palate regarding their dimensions, number and type. Unlike in case of sex, analysis of palatal rugae patterns of Bosnian-Herzegovinian population in different age groups has shown statistically significant differences.


2 1 -hydroxylase deficiency is the most common enzymatic deficiency observed in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a group of disorders of adrenal steroidgenesis. There are four recognized clinical forms of 2 1 -hydroxylase deficiency: salt wasting, simple virilizing, late onset, and cryptic [ 1 ] . The disease is inherited as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait closely linked to HLA [ 21. The HLAlinked gene affected in 2 1-hydroxylase deficiency has been identified as a structural gene for the cytochrome P450 specific for steroid 21 -hydroxylation [31. There are two 2 1-hydroxylase genes, 2 1 A and 2 1 B, each located on the 3' side of one of two genes encoding the fourth component of complement, C4A and C4B, in the class 111 region of HLA [4, 5 ] . The 2 1 B gene is functional, whereas the 2 1 A gene is a pseudogene [6, 71. We performed Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from Japanese patients with the disease, using the 21-hydroxylase cDNA probe. Some of the affected haplotypes did not have certain restriction fragments corresponding to the 2 1 B gene, a result not due to dele-


Pine and Gilmore (1998) identified a paradigm shift in the perception of economic value, noting that experiences had emerged as the fourth step in the progression of economic value, as commodities, goods and services had before them. Hemmington (2007 cited in Bharwani & Jahari, 2013) illuminated this progression, noting that consumers no longer buy service delivery and quality; they instead buy experiences and memories. Furthermore, when a consumer purchases an experience they pay to spend time enjoying a series of memorable events staged by a business. The subsequent experience, "rich with sensations", is created within the individual, as they are "engaged on an emotional, physical, intellectual or even spiritual level" (Pine & Gilmore, 1998, p. 99). Extending this economic evolution to a fifth stage, the transformation economy emerged, whereby customisation of guest experiences to make them "just right for the individual" elicits a "transformation"; consequently, the economic offering of a business becomes the change in the individual (Pine & Gilmore, 2011, p. 54). Despite the spa industry's growth (Global Wellness Institute, 2014; Tabacchi, 2010), concepts within it remain largely unexplored. Concepts such as the spa service encounter is particularly unexplored and several authors have called for further studies (Guillet & Kucukusta, 2016; Loureiro, Almieda, & Rita, 2013; Reitsamer, 2015). The destination spa is one such setting, which provides an opportunity to investigate factors on the stage (Pine & Gilmore, 1998) that contribute to the formation of memorable experiences. Different parties have presented typologies of spa, for example, ISPA (2017) use the categories club spa, day spa, destination spa, hotel spa, cruise ship spa, medical spa and mineral spring spa. In addition, Allied Market Research (2014) segments the spa market as salon spa, hotel spa, medical spa, destination spa, mineral spa and "other spa". The environment of a destination spa provides an exemplar setting in which to study the spa service encounter as the time in which the consumer spends in the setting is somewhat prolonged compared to other types such as day, salon, club and mineral spring spas. Voorhees et al. (2017) recently reconceptualised the service encounter, identifying three distinct periods (pre-core, core and post-core service encounters) which together they assert, from the holistic service experience. The core period, which constitutes the delivery of the main service offering and encompasses the customer–service provider interactions (Voorhees et al., 2017), provides a window of opportunity in which to study many aspects including the servicescape and sensory factors that are heightened whilst


ABSTRACT Able Archer 83, a NATO nuclear exercise conducted in the fall of 1983, has been the subject of considerable debate in recent decades. While some analysts have argued that the superpowers came close to blows due to Soviet fears that the exercise was a ruse meant to disguise a NATO attack, revisionists have maintained that the danger associated with Able Archer 83 has been seriously overstated. In this article, the authors review the scholarship, take stock of the evidence, and discuss some of the challenges of studying nuclear history and close calls. They argue that further research is needed to determine how close of a nuclear call Able Archer 83 actually was and conclude that the case highlights the uncertainty inherent to nuclear policy making.


We prove that the normalized Poincaré bundle on the moduli space of stable rank r vector bundles with a fixed determinant on a smooth projective curve X induces a family of nef vector bundles on the moduli space. Two applications follow. We show that when the genus of X is large, the derived category of X is embedded into the derived category of the moduli space for arbitrary rank and coprime degree, which extends the results of Narasimhan, Fonarev-Kuznetsov, and Belmans-Mukhopadhyay. As the second application, we construct a family of ACM bundles on the moduli space. A key ingredient of our proof is the investigation of birational geometry of the moduli spaces of parabolic bundles.


hortly after the German surrender in World War II, a physician named Captain James Fulton Neil S in the British Royal Army Medical Corps inspected a German military hospital and encountered a young soldier being treated for a pressure injury with a suspension apparatus. Captain Neil published a photograph of the device (Figure 1) and its description in the British Medical Journal. His recording of this suspension device employed by National Socialist (Nazi) physicians provides an important perspective on contemporary techniques for pressure injury prevention and treatment and serves as a reminder of how far the healthcare profession has comewith regard to ethical practices. This commentary will discuss the suspension device and its historical context and use the term "bed-sore" interchangeably with "pressure injury" because this was the term used within the original publication. This author notes that this device is not approved by the FDA for any purpose and is not available or labeled for current use under any circumstance.


In this increasingly competitive world of technology, there needs to be efforts to improve the quality of educational institutions. However, it is often constrained by data processing that runs less than maximum and is less explored further. Therefore, Educational Data Mining as one of the clumps in data mining is tasked with uncovering student characteristics and behaviors hidden in a form of data that needs to be analyzed first. Based on these techniques, efforts to create a quality academic life by reducing the risk of student failure can be realized through a pedagogical plan of learning in the future. Through the following techniques, efforts to find association rules, group and classify data comparisons that have the best ability and value in the data mining process can be realized by implementing various tools such as WEKA, R, and Orange.


Climate change and its negative consequences represent a common problem for all the people on Earth and are likely to become one of the most serious challenges that humankind faces. As such, mitigation measures and adaptation actions are of particular importance. Although often thought as the two sides of the same coin, the climate change mitigation and adaptation differ from each other, especially in the context of indigenous peoples. Therefore, the first part of the paper centres on the relation between climate change mitigation and adaptation and their consequences for indigenous communities. The newest international treaty on climate change, the Paris Agreement, establishes the global goal on adaptation, which should take into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and more importantly, should be based on and guided by the best available science and knowledge of indigenous peoples, often referred to as 'traditional knowledge'. As such, the second part of the paper focuses on the adaptation methods guided by the traditional knowledge. Although examples include indigenous peoples' traditional knowledge from all over the globe, much attention is given to the Arctic Indigenous Peoples as, due to current speed of climate change, the Arctic is recognized as a global climate change hotspot. Although indigenous peoples have been living in their territories since the time immemorial, adapting their ways of life to the difficult weather and environmental conditions, with the current climate change happening so rapidly, their possibilities of adaptation are weakening and climate change renders them more vulnerable, altering their economic and cultural activities and threatening their very existence. However, the current rate of climate change is not the only factor impairing the indigenous peoples' adaptive capacities. Therefore, the final part of the paper is aimed at presenting what the obstacles to the successful adaptation to climate change are and whether migration should be considered an adaptive action.


Development of internet and new technologies leads to big changes in communications. Every sport organization is in search for the most efficient communication channel. In order to find the most efficient communication channel with the lowest cost, sport organizations have recognized the importance of social media networks in communication strategies. Being that social media networks can be considered as a source of information for customers, this article considers social media networks as one of the main tools used in sports branding and communication strategies due to its communicative, broadcasting, organizational and interactive potential. As a network with the higher number of active users, Facebook was the main network which has been analyzed. Using the example of Premier League football clubs, the authors analyzed the content of the most popular official Facebook pages dedicated to the English football clubs and tries to identify the key conditions for successful social media campaign. Results show that the top Premier League clubs are usually using four content formats combined with nine content types.


The metal layer on the surface region of the base material activated by the catalyst may be formed by a plating process. The catalyst CVD, is incorporated at least partially in depositing the or underlying material is deposited by PVD or ALD. In this way, it is possible to form a metal seed layer excellent in high aspect ratio vias metallization structure.


The construction of streetcar and electric trolley bus lines in urban areas poses some unique challenges regarding the installation of overhead contact systems (OCS). These considerations range from the aesthetics of a catenary system to costs for land procurement, high voltage feeds required by a typical substation, and possible extensive buried conduit. An integrated solution of both the overhead contact system and the traction power supply substations can be used to address these issues without the need for expensive feeders along the track. Feederless power distribution systems have been developed and implemented effectively in both Portland and Seattle using novel solutions. The systems were designed independently but have similarities, which can be used as a basis for the installation of electric traction systems in other cities. Issues which were considered include: restriction of the OCS to a single contact wire; use of existing 480 Vac supply power systems; minimizing property procurement requirements; minimizing the need for underground conduit; minimizing stray currents and utility relocations; and providing adequate power to operate electric vehicles. Each of these issues is described with specific examples of how the challenges were addressed.


Novel design of tunable THz plasmonic devices based on liquid metals is presented in this paper. The designed devices will be able to dynamically control and change the spectrum responses of THz signals. An equivalent circuit model has also been developed to describe the operating principle of the proposed THz devices. Good agreement has been achieved between the theoretical models and the numerical results.


Fault detection and diagnosis is a task to monitor the occurrence of faults and pinpoint the exact location of faults in the system. Fault detection and diagnosis is gaining importance in development of efficient, advanced and safe industrial systems. Three phase inverter is one of the most common and excessively used power electronic system in industries. A fault diagnosis system is essential for safe and efficient usage of these inverters. This paper presents a fault detection technique and fault classification algorithm. A new feature extraction approach is proposed by using three-phase load current in three-dimensional space and neural network is used to diagnose the fault. Neural network is responsible of pinpointing the fault location. Proposed method and experiment results are presented in detail.


Wireless communication system consists of wireless communicating entities that transmit data through bandwidth flexibly and conveniently. Wireless entities have the freedom to change their position which implies wireless communications support mobility in the system. With such benefits, wireless communication systems are challenged by many security issues. In this paper, we have prevented malicious behaviour of compromised communicating entity or any other malevolent entity to disrupt the communication system with our probabilistic approach of trust based security management. We have proposed Probabilistic Trust Management (PTM) in wireless communication system with consideration of current and previous interactions along with indirect evaluations depending on timing constraint. Our simulation results show the efficiency of proposed PTM in wireless communication system.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the experience of people with chronic kidney disease using arteriovenous fistula.

METHOD
Qualitative and exploratory study based on Social Phenomenology, conducted on 30 adults undergoing hemodialysis by using the fistula, interviewed in 2017. The interviews were analyzed according to the empirical-comprehensive model proposed by Amedeo Giorgi.

RESULTS
We found the categories "The changed body aesthetics"; "The perception of the other about my body"; and "The fistula as an inseparable condition for life maintenance."

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The experience of people using fistula showed that this venous access leaves marks that change the body aesthetics, making the body imperfect. Such changes cause low self-esteem and attract the look of the other, causing embarrassment in those who have the body changed. Thus, they react by camouflaging the fistula, without which there is no life. This perception arises from the fear that works as a catalyst for self-care.


Artemisia annua L. (Quinghao) is a promising and potent source of antimalarial herbal drug. Its activity has been ascribed to the content of artemisinin; it has been analyzed by different chromatographic techniques. In this research, we have developed a TLC/UV, a simply available, rapid, and cost-efficient method, for the simultaneous determination of artemisinin. The crude extracts from plant samples were used together with a standard in our HPLC/UV and TLC/UV techniques. Artemisinin (standard and in the extract) was converted into a UV-absorbing compound, Q258 by being treated with 0.25% (by weight) NaOH solution and then 0.2 M acetic acid. The resulting TLC method utilizes separation on silica gel RP-18 with methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetic acid (30:20:2:1) as mobile phase, highly specific densitometric evaluation at 254 nm. This precise and accurate assay could be performed in the linear working range of 10–100 µg/mL and 1–40 µg/mL for TLC and HPLC methods, respectively. The new technique has enabled us to screen high artemisinin producing plants from a large number of samples.


We have completed our investigation on a LSS organization located in Vastra Gotalandsregionen. This organization has four leaders who has responsibility for multiple devices but do not have any phy ...


Cognitivism, a prevailing standpoint in psychology and cognitive sciences in general, constitutes a paradigm for the understanding of the mind, which apparently, is compatible with science's materialistic postulates. That way, it would seem that approach would be the first fully scientific attempt, conceived to research and develop explanations regar -


PURPOSE: A DDR and QDR converter and an interface card, a motherboard and a memory module interface using the same are provided to significantly improve the efficiency of the DDR RAM's without incurring high fabrication cost. CONSTITUTION: The DDR and QDR converter and an interface, a motherboard and a memory module interface using the same. The DDR and QDR converter has a QDR interface, a DDR interface and a conversion core. The QDR interface is used to exchange a signal with QDR devices. The DDR interface is used to exchange a signal with DDR devices. The conversion core is used to convert QDR command and data formats into DDR command and data formats, and to convert DDR command and data formats into QDR command and data formats.


In the past few years, many types of surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors have been developed using various piezoelectric substrates to improve detectable range and sensitivity. In this paper, we report a SAW flexible strain sensor based on ultra-thin AT-X quartz plate with a thickness of 31 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu {\mathrm {m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The sensor has a high sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$251.9 \mathrm{~Hz} / \mu \varepsilon$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an excellent linearity for the strain range from 1 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5000~\mu \varepsilon$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and which is about 12 times higher than those of other SAW strain sensors based on bulk substrates. The resolution of the sensors is about 3280 Hz in frequency and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14~\mu \varepsilon$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in strain. Moreover, the sensors exhibit a very low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of about −1.06 ppm/°C in the temperature range from 20 to 80°C. Our new sensor paves the way for the fabrication of high-performance strain sensing devices.


HORTLY after the organization of the Federal Reserve System the Federal Reserve banks assumed the role of banker for the government in conformity with generally accepted ideas of the proper functions of central banks. Few persons appear to realize that the relationship thus established provides the monetary authorities with a powerful weapon of monetary control. It is quite obvious, however, that because the central banks hold both Treasury deposits and member-bank reserve deposits, a change in the former will tend to produce an exactly inverse change in the latter, provided of course that other things remain equal. By varying the size of the balance which it carries with the Federal Reserve banks, the Treasury can effectively control the reserve position of the member banks. Moreover, the various monetary operations of the Treasury make their effects felt via Treasury deposits. For example, additions to the gold stock normally produce additions to member-bank reserves, but under present conditions the new reserves appear as the result of a reduction in Treasury deposits, and the Treasury subsequently restores its balance to the former level by depositing newly issued gold certificates in the Reserve banks. In recent years movements of Treasury deposits have been an important short-run factor in the money market. There is some evidence that some of these movements have been deliberately induced in order to control the volume of member-bank reserves. In the following sections of this paper an attempt will be made to trace the effects of major movements of Treasury deposits and to analyze the usefulness of deliberate control of this factor as an instrument of monetary management.


This chapter describes the start of the US-led coalition intervention (Odyssey Dawn) as the prelude to NATO involvement, aimed at reducing Gaddafi's combat forces, especially his air defences, command and control nodes and fielded forces. It lays out how NATO became finally the body executing the UN mandate despite French, German, Turkish and African Union reticence. The chapter also discusses the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect, which became the NATO mandate but did not include regime change or removal of Gaddafi from power. The chapter concludes describing deepening resolve by Gaddafi to remain in power, political maneuvering across the global stage and the final preparations by NATO to integrate forces into its command and control and begin combat operations.


Tea and honey are natural substances that had been consumed for a long time, and can be used as medicine. Both are known consists of many kind of material that may recover infectious diseases, such as gastrointestinal infection. The most common Microorganism causing gastrointestinal infection is Eschericia coli. The aim of the study is want to know an antibacterial activity of tea extract and honey mixture against Eschericia coli. Research methode is a quasi experimental with cross-sectional approach to examine an antibacterial activity of tea extract and honey mixture against Eschericia coli by determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by tube dilution method. Tea extract and honey mixture that are used are divided into three composition; tea extract 75%honey 25%, tea extract 50%honey 50%, and tea extract 25%honey 75%, it done to know which composition that has the biggest antibacterial activity against E.coli. The result : MIC and MBC mean value of tea extract and honey mixture are; mixture of tea extract 75%honey 25% are 4,4% and 8,9%, tea extract 50%honey 50% are 0,78% and 1,56%, tea extract 25%honey 75% are 6,25% and 12,5%. Conclusion tea extract and honey mixture has the antibacterial activity against Eschericia coli, and the composition that has the biggest antibacterial activity against E.coli is the composition of tea extract 50% and honey 50% mixture. Keyword : Tea, Honey, MIC, MBC, Eschericia coli Contact Person : dr. Inayati M.Kes. Sp.M.K. firstname.lastname@example.com, 08122723205


Evangelism is the watchword of the hour. It has become a popular subject for conversation even in religious circles which a few years ago bitterly opposed it. Now scarcely can any kind of church assembly adjourn without making some stirring pronounce ment upon this subject. It would almost seem that to be respectable in the church today, one must appear to be devoted to this cause. However, remembering the hiunanistic emphasis of many of these churchmen in the period before the lastworld war, one cannot help suspecting that some have subscribed to the new fashion from ex pediency rather than from personal conviction. Doubtless, not a few have accepted the evangelistic terminology only after it has been interpreted to accord with their own suppositions and preju dices. They use it more to exalt their piety than to challenge their dedication. Unfortunately, disgruntled liberals are not the only ones to be deceived. Many sincere men, committed to uphold the historic Christian faith, have unwittingly forced evangelism into a rather narrow mold. Through nearsightedness or stubbornness, these have sometimes failed to distinguish between true evangelism and erroneous applications of it. While the work goes on, the


Summary:  Purpose: We examined the effect of adjunctive levetiracetam (LEV; 1,000 to 3,000 mg/day) on the number of seizure‐free days gained per quarter in adult patients with refractory partial‐onset epilepsy.


To address the challenge of accurate lifespan prediction for bearings in different operating conditions within ship propulsion shaft systems, a two-stage prediction model based on an enhanced domain adversarial neural network (DANN) is proposed. Firstly, pre-training features containing comprehensive degradation information are extracted from the entire source domain dataset encompassing all operational conditions. Subsequently, DANN is employed to extract domain-invariant features that are difficult to distinguish. Following this, a feature alignment process is utilized to align high-dimensional features with pre-training features, thereby mitigating the adverse effects caused by missing data in the incomplete target operational condition dataset. Finally, the effectiveness of this approach is validated using operational data from bearings under multiple operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the method presented in this paper achieves an average error reduction of 0.0626 and 0.0845 compared to the MK-MMD transfer learning method and self-attention ConvLSTM algorithms, respectively, and exhibits higher predictive reliability. This method can provide valuable insights for lifespan prediction challenges concerning bearings in ship propulsion shaft systems under various operational conditions, as well as similar cross-domain lifespan prediction problems.


Discussions are included of the objectives and research results of studies toward acquiring basic knowledge of the mechanisms which regulate the passage of elements into and out of cells, and to learn the mechanisms of their accumulation. Experimental results for calcium and strontium accumulation in Tetrahymena pyriformis substantiate a proposed hypothesis concerning the source of the necessary thermodynamic work for the accumulation, and the mechanisms of the accumulation. Significant results are discussed for research on the metabolism of calcium and strontium for: accumulation; intracellular distributions of the exchangeable and the non-exchangeable fractions; the effects of nutritional deficiencies and metabolic inhibitors on the metabolism patterns; and the influence of sulfadiazine on the growth and alkaline earth metabolisms, and their interrelations. (B.O.G.)


The information of medical instrument standard plays an important role in the development,manufacturing,quality control and other links of the products.This paper introduces some printed retrieval tools of medical instrument standard,and discusses emphatically the retrieval tools and strategies by using Internet to obtain the medical instrument standard.


Let f(m, c) = ∑ ∞ k=0(km + 1) k−1cke−c(km+1)/m/(mkk!). For any positive integer m and positive real c, the identity f(m, c) = f(1, c)1/m arises in the random graph theory. In this paper, we present two elementary proofs of this identity: a pure combinatorial proof and a power-serial proof. We also proved that this identity holds for any positive reals m and c.


Dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio are important mechanical parameters in soil dynamics analysis. Considering the characteristics of heavy-duty railway loads, the dynamic modulus and damping ratio of cement-stabilized expansive soil are less. Based on the background of the railway coal transportation channel(hereinafter referred to as Meng-Hua Railway) in the central area of the city of Tolemon and the central China, the dynamic modulus and damping ratio of 3% and 5%cement reinforced expansive soils were studied and compared with the expanded soil from Dashanzhai expansive soil in Dengzhou City, Nanyang, under the consolidation with different frequencies, confining pressure, ratio and dynamic stress amplitude. The results were compared with expansive soils. The results show that the maximum dynamic modulus of cement modified with 3% and 5%modified expansive soil is about 3-4 times that of expansive soil. When the dynamic strain is less than 0.002, the dynamic elastic modulus has a steep drop and decreases by 70%. In the dynamic elastic modulus-strain curve, when the dynamic strain is greater than 0.002, the decrease is small, and the dynamic elastic modulus tends to be stable with the dynamic strain. The dynamic elastic modulus increases as the confining pressure, the frequency and the cement content increase. Damping ratio decreases as the confining pressure and consolidation ratio increase. At low strain levels, the consolidation ratio is positively correlated with the dynamic modulus. At high strain levels, the consolidation ratio is inversely related to the dynamic modulus. At the same time, the dynamic modulus and damping ratio are normalized and analyzed, and an empirical formula for estimating the dynamic modulus and damping ratio is established.


A representation of the density of a one-dimensional strongly stable law via Meijer's G-functions is obtained. The paper also considers the expressions of integral transforms with Euler kernels of these densities in terms of G-functions which make it possible to obtain representations of distribution functions of strongly stable laws with rational parameters. Some examples are given of representations of densities of multivariate spherically symmetric stable laws in terms of Meijer functions.


This paper analyzes the algorithm of SAR interferometry for generating a DEM in Taiwan. Our preliminary test results show that the DEM determined using INSAR and ERS data has an accuracy of about 23m in average in urban area, and about 5m in bare areas without vegetation and buildings, if all data in areas with usable radar echoes (higher coherences) is processed properly.


We analyse the evolution of Manufacturing Value-Added per inhabitant in 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries during the period 1980-2002, and present a comparison with more industrialized countries. We find that very few Latin American countries have experienced an increase in that variable during the sample period, corresponding the most outstanding increases of the real value of this variable the following countries: Dominican Republic with 70%, Chile with 46%, Costa Rica 28% and Mexico with 22%, but unfortunately many other countries have experienced very small increases or even stagnation or decrease in this variable which has an important impact on economic development. In spite of the decrease experienced during the peeriod 1997-2002, and thanks to the slight recovery of 2003-2004, Argentina follows to be the Latin American country with the highest value of this variable, although very far below the values of Spain, the USA and other industrialized countries. Our main conclusions support the development of socio-economic policies which give a high priority to the increase of Manufacturing in Latin American countries.


—Code smell is an indicator of potential problems in a software design that have a negative impact on readability and maintainability. Hence, it is essential for developers to make out the code smell to get tips on code maintenance in time. Fortunately, many approaches like metric-based, heuristic-based, machine-learning based and deep-learning based have been proposed to detect code smells. However, existing methods, using the simple code representation to describe different code smells unilaterally, cannot efficiently extract enough rich information from source code. What is more, one code snippet often has several code smells at the same time and there is a lack of multi- label code smell detection based on deep learning. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model with multi-level code representation to further optimize the code smell detection. First, we parse the code into the abstract syntax tree(AST) with control and data flow edges and the graph convolution network is applied to get the prediction at the syntactic and semantic level. Then we use the bidirectional long-short term memory network with attention mechanism to analyze the code tokens at the token-level in the meanwhile. Finally we get the fusion prediction result of the models. Experimental results show that our model can perform outstanding not only in single code smell detection but also in multi-label code smell detection.


When eating, I am often guilty of a slightly heavy-handed use of salt. This activity ionically attracts unsolicited advice from friends, family and strangers - the core of which is that salt is 'bad' for me. When quizzed for details, my educator usually makes vague reference to blood pressure and heart disease. My blood pressure and markers for heart health are much better than average for my age, and my life-long disdain for popular opinions on health matters remains.


A method of manufacturing an ink jet recording head includes the steps of: forming an adhesive layers and the side walls of a flow path on a substrate; pasting a dry film, which is a part of a flow path forming member, on the side walls; and forming discharge ports in the layer.


Is a reflection on the current world from the perspective of Bioethics and Law, taking into account the importance of an ethical approach considering the commodification of human life several new technology-related developments, and value crisis of our times, emphasizing on the need for a humanistic approach to address them.


Heat extraction from a penny-shaped crack having both inlet and outlet holes is investigated analytically by considering the hydraulic and thermal growth of the crack when fluid is injected at a constant flow rate. The rock mass is assumed to be infinitely extended, homogeneous, and isotropic. The equations for fluid flow are derived and solved to determine the flow pattern in the crack. Temperature distributions in both rock and fluid are also determined. The crack width change due to thermal contraction and the corresponding flow rate increase are discussed. Some numerical calculations of outlet temperature, thermal power extraction, and crack opening displacement due to thermal contraction of rocks are presented for cracks after they attain stationary states for given inlet flow rate and outlet suction pressure. The present paper is a further development of the previous works of Bodvarsson (1969), Gringarten et al. (1975), Lowell (1976), Harlow and Pracht (1972), McFarland (1975), among others, and considers the two-dimensional rather than the one-dimensional crack. Furthermore, the crack radius and width are quantities to be determined rather than given a priori. 11 refs., 1 tab., 5 figs.


Evidence is clear that percutaneous stereotaxic breast biopsy is playing an increasing role in the management of mammographicall y diagnosed breast abnormalities. The computer assisted stereotaxic large core needle biopsy technique has proven to be an accurate way to determine the diagnosis of many lesions identified by mammography [ 11. This biopsy can be accomplished on an outpatient basis with local anesthesia with virtually no morbidity or mortality. The cost is essentially one half of that of the traditional wire localization and surgical biopsy


Proposed is a traction drive of an internal combustion engine and a method for its operation. in two power levels of the traction mechanism comprises an auxiliary drive (1) and a starter drive (7) and permits not only the normal operation mode, the following operating modes: - starting the engine, - boosting the internal combustion engine, - independent air conditioning and - disconnection of the secondary assembly drive (1).


The invention relates to a tensile skeleton layer board belt, a manufacturing device and method of the tensile skeleton layer board belt and a rubber track of the tensile skeleton layer board belt. The tensile skeleton layer board belt comprises cord threads of a single type. The tensile skeleton layer board belt is characterized in that the surfaces of the cord threads are provided with glue covering layers, and the cord threads are bonded together through the glue covering layers on the surfaces of the cord threads and arranged in a winding mode to form the annular tensile skeleton layer board belt free of a joint; sizing materials with a certain thickness are arranged between every two adjacent cord threads, bonding between a cord thread board belt and rubber of the upper side and the lower side is better facilitated, and the striping strength of a rubber track body skeleton layer is enhanced. According to the tensile skeleton layer board belt, the problem of stripping and fracturing of a track body can be effectively solved, and the service life of the track is prolonged.