As the phase transformation temperatures influence the phase transformation behaviors of shape memory alloys, a constitutive model which can predict their phase transformation behaviors is necessary. In this study, a series of DSC tests is conducted to determine the phase transformation temperatures of shape memory alloy, and a new constitutive model, based on the DSC results, is suggested to predict the phase transformation behavior. Such a constitutive model is formulated on the phase transformation peak temperatures as well as the phase transformation starting and finishing temperatures. Numerical calculations are also conducted in order to verify the capability of the constitutive model through comparing the results with Liang's model. According to the results, the suggested model can be used to predict the phase transformation behavior more precisely due to the fact that it contains the phase transformation peak temperatures as well as the phase transformation starting and finishing temperatures.


OBJECTIVE To explore the current situation of Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior about food safety of primary and secondary school students in Minhang District, so as to provide the basis for designing and implementing the effective health interventions about food safety. METHOD It investigated some students and their parents in grade four and seven by completing the questionnaire about Knowledge-Attitude-Behaviorof food safety by mulitstage cluster sampling method. The data were analyzed by software. RESULT Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior about food safety of primary students were 74.2%, 88.7% and 81.9%, respectively, compared with77.4%, 85.3% and 77.5% of secondary students. There was no significant difference among age groups and gender groups,respectively(P0.05). The main sources of gaining the relevant knowledge were "education of parents", "health education of school" and"radio or television". CONCLUSION Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior about food safety was from social practice. Usual Curriculum education could not meet the need of students. It appeals to carrying out the health education and interventionactivities of food safety by the "parents-school" interaction platform and opening unified curriculum about food safety.


WHY IS THERE no nursing equivalent of Bob the Builder? For years, children have enjoyed the antics of cartoon characters such as Bob, Fireman Sam, Postman Pat, Percy the Park Keeper and Fetch the Vet. But there is no nursing equivalent to help children learn about what nurses do and encourage them into the profession.


The paper showcases the general attitude of women students and the approach of teachers, at schools in Tamilnadu, towards Sports and Physical Education. It maps the wide difference in the involvement of women students in games and exercises in girls-only schools and coed schools. The traditional notions that Sports and Physical Education are unfeminine, undesirable in women and not suitable for the so-called 'weaker sex' hinder the enthusiastic participation of women students in these activities. The paper explores ways and means through which these challenges could be overcome. It charts out some effective modules in training women students, at school level, in games and exercises. It also points out how sports and physical education is a prerequisite soft skill and training women students at school level in this skill is essential for their physical, psychological health and academic productivity.


to lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. After the initial surgical excision of the tumour together with any affected adjacent structures and lymph nodes, the commonest site for recurrence is in the lungs. In many children the recurrence is confined to the lungs, and it is the management and prognosis of this particular group of children that we wish to discuss. On reviewing the larger series of children with Wilms' tumour in the literature, small numbers of patients have been described where pulmonary metastases have been successfully treated (Swenson, 1969; Snyder, Hastings, and Pollock, 1969; Johnson, Maceira, and Koop, 1967). A variety of methods has been employed; radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and various combinations of these. However, in a recent major textbook of paediatric urology the comment is made, 'late recurrences in the lungs have been treated . . . but with relatively little success' (Williams, 1968). We wish to describe


the largest scrotal hernias I ever recollect seeing. On further enquiry, his friends informed me t!/at he had, the day previous to my seeing him, lifted a large quantity of faggot wood,?to which they attributed his present complaints, as the hernia had increased much in size from that period. He complained of pain in the region of the abdominal ring, accompanied with flatulency; had vomited several times; the swelling was very tense, and the integuments a good deal inflamed ; his pulse was hard and quick. I immediately took, from a large orifice in the arm, thirty ounces of blood, and then had recourse to the taxis, in hopes of being enabled to effect a reduction of the strangulated portion; but found


In the drive for outcomes, the contribution that outdoor learning can make is sometimes neglected. Suzanne O'Connell talks to headteacher Ruth Dean about how it's become a foundation of their school


The features of Russian consumers' behavior are issued in this article. The first ones have influence on Russian economy penetration strategies, which are used by foreign transnational companies.


Abstract Pouteria. s. s. (Chrysophylloideae) includes ca. 200 species, representing the largest genus of Sapotaceae. In Brazil, 120 species are recorded in Amazonia and in the Atlantic Rainforest where the genus is centered. This paper presents a taxonomic survey of the 34 species of Pouteria s. s. from the northern portion of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, and includes an identification key, nomenclatural updates, new synonyms, descriptions, and detailed information about geographic distribution and phenology for all taxa, and illustrations. Species of Pouteria are mainly separated based on leaf venation, trichome type, stamen and staminode morphology, and fruit traits. Out of the 34 species recognized, 18 are endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil, 10 are disjunctly distributed with Amazonia, and six are widespread in South America. According to the IUCN red list criteria, 20 of the 34 species treated here are threatened; of these, 10 are vulnerable, seven are endangered, and three are critically endangered.


Cardiovascular diseases that affect arteries often result in vessel blockage which can have dramatic consequences on the patient's life. In situation of obstructed arteries, graft surgery is a common treatment to improve blood flow circulation. Nevertheless, in the particular case of lower limb arteries, the rate of success of this medical intervention is quite low. The patients suffer from graft blockages induced by Intimal Hyperplasia (IH). Local flow patterns are known to have a strong influence on the development of IH. In order to better understand the causes of graft failure, Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to study the role of hemodynamics in each patient bypass geometry. This thesis focuses on both the automatic mesh generation from medical images and the blood flow simulation. First, the patient graft shape is constructed from image segmentation with particular focus on the distal junction with the native artery. The initial mesh is then adapted from the surface curvature to take into account the influence of the geometrical specificities. An anisotropic metric field is generated on the surface and in the volume in order to reduce the total number of degrees of freedom. The obtained mesh is considered more suitable for numerical computation. Secondly, fluid simulations were run using experimental data from each patient to set the boundary conditions on the model. The localization of hemodynamic indicators allows to determine areas of the geometry most susceptible to the development of strong cell proliferation. Realistic geometries are shown to have a strong influence on the flow patterns and therefore on the pathology progression.


Abstract Complex matrices may occur in product process waste streams that can interfere with gas Chromatographic analysis of priority pollutants. Most interferences can be eliminated by simple column clean‐up procedures, pH change, direct aqueous analysis, or the use of selective detectors. Other interferences may require clean—up by molecular weight distribution, separation by capillary columns, or the use of pre‐columns and back‐flushing techniques. This paper suggests logical steps to follow when encountering these interferences.


The pressure-driven tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transition in CaWO4 and related scheelite-structured orthotungstates is analysed in terms of spontaneous strains. Based upon our previous high-pressure X-ray diffraction results and the Landau theory, it is suggested that the scheelite-to-fergusonite transition is of second order in nature.


Search for the mechanisms suppressing formation of Higgs field defects (e.g. domain walls) during the cosmological phase transitions is one of key problems in explanation of the observed large-scale uniformity of the space-time. One of the possible solutions can be based on accounting for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. Namely, if a coherent quantum state of the Higgs field was formed in the course of its previous evolution, then reduction to the state with broken symmetry during the phase transition should be correlated even at the scales exceeding the local cosmological horizons. Detailed consideration of the simplest one-dimensional cosmological model with Z2 Higgs field demonstrates that, at certain parameters of the Lagrangian, EPR-correlations really result in a substantial suppression of spontaneous formation of the domain walls.


We consider, for a spatially uniform hard‐sphere gas, the generalization of the connection between the H function and the thermodynamic entropy to that limit where gas imperfections are taken into account through the first virial correction term. Our choice of a generalized H function is based on the expansion of the canonical entropy density given by Nettleton and Green. We show that this choice allows us to give a physical significance to the condition that Boltzmann's H function be convex as a function of time.


Located in West Lombok, Gunung Sari is an area that frequently experiences landslides. Diverse land characteristics and the incompatibility of land allotment allegedly can be some factors causing the landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to analyze the land suitability in some areas with a high frequency of landslides. The research approach used in this research is descriptive quantitative with overlay analysis techniques using Arc Gis application program. Based on the data analysis results, it was discovered that Gunung Sari has an area of 2.376.36 Ha or 29% of the total land area which is not in accordance with its designation, an area of 4.032.49 Ha or 49% of the total land area can be categorized into a conditional land and an area of 1.786 Ha or 22% of the total land might be classified into a suitable area land. According to the land function of this area, it was found that the largest area that is unsuitable land and conditional land are located in the conservation zone covering an area of 2249.48 Ha for the unsuitable land and 2433.24 Ha for the conditional land.


opposing sides, but there were some signs that such action might be necessary in similar circumstances. Conclusions-As well as continuing to care for its normal patients an accident and emergency department will have to make special arrangements to prevent the department becoming overloaded with riot casualties. These arrangements should include (a) the use of a large area within the department, preferably next to the minor injury area, for receiving and sorting the riot casualties; (b) the provision of special teams for suturing, extra reception and portering staff, and facilities for rapid x-ray examinations; and (c) arrangements for detaining some patients for observation pending diagnosis because the emotional state of the casualties may make diagnosis difficult. There should also be plans for the hospital's security staff to be reinforced by police officers in case of violence among opposing factions within the department. Although it is accepted that when natural disasters produce large numbers of casualties the police should site a documentation team in the accident department,3 such action after riots, when criminal proceedings may be pending against some of the casualties, could be construed as a breach of confidentiality. Finally, our experience suggests that the specialised needs of a riot are not catered for by the major accident procedure.


In this paper we outline a framework designed to help analyse the sorts of factors that influence teachers' responses to, and decisions about, curricular innovations. The discussion is primarily concerned with the several types of barrier that exist against effective innovation in secondary schools. These barriers relate to: the meaning of the innovation, its perceived value, whether it is 'organisational' or 'pedagogical', the procedural clarity of its presentation, and departmental pressures. The four innovations we use for exemplification, relate to a course that has been adopted in many parts of the world Scottish Integrated Science (Scottish Education Department 1969) and each innovation has relevance for other areas of the curriculum. They are:


Within the existing literature, it is well established that thermal comfort thresholds play an integral part in sleep quality. For this reason and within consolidated urban environments that are continually witnessing increased vulnerability to heat stress as a result of urban densification and climate change, impediments upon sleep quality due to excess physiological heat stress is a growing concern. Such risk factors are particularly the case for older traditional building methods that depend on natural ventilation.

Focused upon the capital city of Ankara, and through the application and modification of the WMO’s Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) to determine the effects of sleep quality during different heat stress events, three different conditions were respectively examined, during a: (1) typical summer day; (2) very hot day; and lastly, (3) heat wave event. Within this case study, the relationship between the indoor thermal thresholds and sleep quality shall be undertaken through the use of: (i) the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) calculated from climatic variables retrieved from the residential units at a 10 minute temporal resolution; (ii) questionnaires to acquire qualitative responses from local residents; and, (iii) local urban climatic data, retrieved from Ankara’s meteorological station (#17130) at an hourly temporal resolution.

The outputs of the study address the growing need to identify and address the impact that urban augmenting temperatures have upon the sleep quality of occupants in more vulnerable construction typologies. Given that such vulnerabilities in urban settings are continually observing more frequent and intense heatwaves and hot days, the study highlights the need to strengthen the understanding between such outdoor events and sleep quality patterns in warming urban frameworks.


Coming of Age. Present and Future Roles of the Psychologist. The American Court System. Preparing to Serve as an Expert Witness. Admissibility. Psychological Tests in the Courtroom. Competency to Stand Trial, to Testify, and To Make Decisions. The Insanity Defense. Addiction and the Law. Domestic Issues: Marriage, Dissolution, and Custody. The Expert Witness and Personal Injury Litigation. Malingering, Deceit, and Exaggeration. Your Day in Court. Emerging Applications and Issues. Ethics, Constraints, Concerns, and Standards. Appendix A: Landmark Cases. Appendix B: Current Training in Psychology and the Law. Appendix C: Expert Witness Admissibility--Federal Rules of Evidence, 1993. Appendix D: Custody Evaluation Guidelines Recommended by the APA. Appendix E: Tables and Formulae for Comparing Military Test Performance with Current Test Results. Appendix F: Forensic Psychology Specialty Guidelines. Appendix G: Comparison of Neuropsychological Test Performance in Forensic and Non-Forensic Populations. Appendix H: Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Forensic Glossary. References. Author Index. Subject Index.


The description of the critical behaviour within liquid state theories is reviewed with emphasis on both the universal and the non-universal properties. Simple lattice and continuous models, such as the Ising model and the Lennard-Jones fluid, are examined by the use of several techniques, ranging from the integral equation method to the renormalization group analysis. A self-contained derivation of the hierarchical reference theory (HRT) of fluids is given together with a detailed discussion of the universal properties within a simple approximation to the exact HRT equations. Applications to simple models and comparisons with the results of other investigations are presented. HRT is then generalized to binary fluids, allowing for a complete description of the possible critical behaviours in these systems. The problems of a microscopic definition of the order parameter in mixtures and of the origin of strong crossover phenomena in binary fluids are also addressed.


This paper introduces a View_based method of objects recognition,analyses the RBF Neural Network and RBFNN training algorithm.A strategy that analyses and synthesizes images with View _based method and RBFNN model is presented,and is implemented on Matlab Platform.The simulation shows that the training speed and the analysis accuracy are quite satisfactory.


We investigate the potential of TESLA and JLC/NLC electron–positron linear collider designs to observe diquarks produced resonantly in processes involving hard photons.


Ten patients with idiopathic hemifacial spasm were subjected to transtympanic needling of the horizontal segment of the affected facial nerve. Seven patients showed relief of symptoms. This treatment modality is advocated.


THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A project conducted with the parents of children in early childhood classes from two different district high schools 1 . The project investigated the perceptions held by these parents in relation to mathematics education, and used an intervention program designed to encourage them to engage in numeracy activities with their child. Preliminary results indicated that, although the parents were not necessarily familiar with contemporary numeracy classroom practices, they were able to describe and evaluate their children's mathematical understandings. The findings add to the limited research available on the ways parents can support their child's mathematical education at home through encouraging home–school community partnerships. 1 District high schools in this context refers to rural schools with classes ranging from Kindergarten–Year 10.


As you all know, my day job is working as a General Practitioner in an outer urban suburb. This is what I do - providing medical guidance to a vast number of people in one of the fastest-growing areas anywhere in Australia.


We evaluated multiple patient characteristics for their prognostic significance in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL; n = 31] and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise unspecified [PTCL-NOS; n = 37]). Five-year overall survival (OS) rates in AITL and PTCL-NOS were 49% and 45%, respectively (p = 0.89). Cox proportional hazard model revealed that male sex, hemoglobin <10.0 g/dL and performance status (PS) ≥2 were independently associated with shorter OS in AITL. In patients with PTCL-NOS, low albumin, PS ≥ 2, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were independently associated with worse OS. When analysis in PTCL-NOS was performed incorporating Prognostic Index for PTCLu (PIT), low albumin and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were still both prognostic for OS. Three-year progression free survival (PFS) rates in AITL and PTCL-NOS were 49% and 47%, respectively (p = 0.578). None of the parameters was significantly associated with shorter PFS in AITL. In patients with PTCL-NOS, PS ≥ 2 and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were independently associated with shorter PFS. The result is in keeping with previous large scale studies. Besides, we showed the potential prognostic importance of albumin and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with PTCL-NOS.


The most important role of governments in the world today is to deal with the state of their national economies. Of the 200 or so countries in the world, perhaps half are in some form of serious economic dilemma, and most of the rest face major challenges to keep their economies up with burgeoning demands on them. After the fall of the U.S.S.R., the 15 nations that emerged from it and the countries of the former Soviet bloc in eastern Europe are all struggling to abandon their Soviet style governments and economies and accommodate to a "market tested economy" that few of them really understand. Most of the nations of Sub Saharan Africa have economies that are so weak that they are scarcely able to support even basic public services, especially when the country is in the hands of tyrannical and incompetent governments mired in wars, rebellions and the incursions of terrorist war lords. In the Far East, state socialist governments are also being forced to abandon much of their socialist economies and retreat slowly and reluctantly into some form of market economy. The countries of the Middle East deteriorate because of armed conflicts. Unfortunately, these realities come at a time when the more developed countries of the world are evolving into a complex new "globalization" world which widens the gap over the struggling less developed economies.


During the cruise of the•g Yoko-maru •h, the factory ship of the Nihon Suisan Co., to and from crab-fishing grounds in the Okhotsk Sea in April and in August 1955 respectively, there was an opportunity to carry out a standard sampling of surface microplankton (Marumo, 1954) on board the ship. The present investigations are attempted to observe seasonal and regional variations of the diatom communities on the basis of the above samples. The diatom samples contained in 330 cc of suaface water are concentrated by decanting and later centrifugalizing, and their subsamples are subjected to the cell count under microscope.


Global air passenger transport demand is expected to increase, and there is concern that the current airport operation will not be able to cope with aircraft overcrowding. In this study, we developed a cellular automaton (CA) simulator that can model the surface traffic of the entire Tokyo International Airport in detail, including aircraft that are arriving, taxiing, parking, and departing, using actual track data. The simulator can reproduce stop-and-go aircraft taxiing based on aircraft interactions and runway rules. It can simulate the stochastic features of the surface traffic flow. To validate the developed CA simulation, the taxiing speed distribution, local delays, and taxiing times for each route were compared with the actual track data. They were in good agreement. The effects of stochastic surface traffic features, such as arrival rate, runway occupancy time, and taxiing route, on airport operations were quantitatively analyzed. This tool could lead to a better prediction of future air traffic and improve airport operations.


The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin disorders in Kintamani Bali dog from 2009 to2013 using an observational study with purposive sampling technique. The data was taken from the patientrecords in veterinary clinics in Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency and Denpasar City which thereafteranalyzed descriptively. From 475 dogs, 99 dogs (20.8%) were infected by skin disorder. Skin disordersobserved in this study was caused by parasites (15.2%), fungus (2.1%), virus (2.1%) and bacteria (1.5%).The case of skin disorders frequently occurred in the dry season (53.1%) than in rainy season (46.9%), witha variation in age from 3 months to 12 years old.


Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, insulin secretion regulation, apoptosis, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage response, epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and myogenesis. Overactivation of CDK5 is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. Inhibiting CDK5 has shown potential in suppressing cancer development. Despite advancements in CDK5-targeted inhibitor research, the range of compounds available for clinical and preclinical trials remains limited. The marine environment has emerged as a prolific source of diverse natural products with noteworthy biological activities, including anti-cancer properties. In this study, we screened a library of 47,450 marine natural compounds from the comprehensive marine natural product database (CMNPD) to assess their binding affinity with CDK5. Marine compounds demonstrating superior binding affinity compared to a reference compound were identified through high-throughput virtual screening, standard precision and extra-precision Glide docking modes. Refinement of the selected molecules involved evaluating molecular mechanics–generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) free binding energy. The three most promising compounds, (excoecariphenol B, excoecariphenol A, and zyzzyanone B), along with the reference, exhibiting favorable binding characteristics were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 nanoseconds. These compounds demonstrated interaction stability with the target during MD simulations. The marine compounds identified in this study hold potential as effective CDK5 inhibitors and warrant subsequent experimental validation.


Background Hot, desert Gulf countries are host to millions of migrant workers doing outdoor jobs such as construction and hospitality. The Gulf countries apply a summertime ban on midday work to protect workers from extreme heat, although without clear evidence of effectiveness. We assessed the risk of occupational injuries associated with extreme hot temperatures during the summertime ban on midday work in Kuwait. Methods We collected daily occupational injuries in the summer months that are reported to the Ministry of Health's Occupational Health Department for 5 years from 2015 to 2019. We fitted generalised additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution in a time series design. A 7-day moving average of daily temperature was modelled with penalised splines adjusted for relative humidity, time trend and day of the week. Results During the summertime ban, the daily average temperature was 39.4°C (±1.8°C). There were 7.2, 7.6 and 9.4 reported injuries per day in the summer months of June, July and August, respectively. Compared with the 10th percentile of summer temperatures in Kuwait (37.0°C), the average day with a temperature of 39.4°C increased the relative risk of injury to 1.44 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.53). Similarly, temperatures of 40°C and 41°C were associated with relative risks of 1.48 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.59) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.63), respectively. At the 90th percentile (42°C), the risks levelled off (relative risk 1.21; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.57). Conclusion We found substantial increases in the risk of occupational injury from extremely hot temperatures despite the ban on midday work policy in Kuwait. 'Calendar-based' regulations may be inadequate to provide occupational heat protections, especially for migrant workers.


The mythico-theological approach to the Maya hieroglyphs continues to contribute workable factors that lead to the decipherment of non-calendrical text symbols. When such esoteric elements are properly assembled and applied, they often provide the researcher with the invaluable advantage of being able lo visualize the particular glyph from the ancient Maya viewpoint. Thompson (1950:9) has stated, "A knowledge of Maya theology and myth is essential to the student of Maya epigraphy". Mythico-theological factors are pertinent to the present consideration of hieroglyphs Imix and Kan.


Indian banking system is passing through a tough time with the increasing level of stress in balance sheet of almost all the banks. The major contributor to the stressed balance sheet is wholesale credit i.e. corporate credit and this has made a dent in the profitability of the banks thereby losing the confidence of all the stakeholders. However, retail sector has continued its marathon performance towards growth in the top line as well as bottom line of the banks. India is one of the most attractive retail destinations of emergent markets. The rise of the Indian middle class is an important contributory factor in this regard as they are moving from cash to credit concept which promises substantial growth in the retail sector which will decide the future of banking. With the lot of players in the market coupled with increasing use of technology, competition has become severe in the retail space resulting into lot of opportunities for the customers. However it has also thrown lot of challenges and opportunities for the banks which if understood and met properly can result into long lasting benefits not only for the Banking system but for the economy as a whole also.


Prunus Armeniaca,cold tolerant and drought endurable,is of great value and rich nutrition and has been proven to be of medical effect.Prunus Armeniaca is usually wide plantation,lacking proper management and low in yield.Measures to increase the yield in terms of site preparation, planting fixation,orchard management,pruning,insect and disease prevention and control were put forward.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the Third ACM Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media – SocialNLP'15, associated with WWW 2015. SocialNLP is a new inter-disciplinary area of natural language processing (NLP) and social computing. There are three plausible directions of SocialNLP: (1) addressing issues in social computing using NLP techniques; (2) solving NLP problems using information from social media; and (3) handling new problems related to both social computing and natural language processing.


Abstract:  A woman was treated for atopic dermatitis with coal tar containing ointments. Coal tar containing ointments contain genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Over a period of 50 days the accumulated dose of different coal tar containing ointments treatments corresponded to 993 mg of pyrene and 464 mg of benz[a]pyrene. During this treatment she gave breast milk to her 3‐month‐old daughter. Analysis of urine samples from the breast‐fed child showed elevated levels of urinary excretion of a metabolite of pyrene (1‐hydroxypyrene, 1‐OHP). These levels were in the same range as urinary excretion levels of this metabolite observed in the mother's urine. As no pyrene was observed in breast milk at a limit of determination of 0.0035 μmol/L, transfer of pyrene from mother to child via breast milk is not likely. Also, a low level of 1‐hydroxypyrene observed in the mother's milk did not account for the observed urinary excretion levels in the child. It must therefore be assumed that pyrene was transferred from mother to child via another route, presumably direct skin‐to‐skin or skin‐to‐mouth contact. Dermatologists should inform their patients who receive treatment with coal tar containing ointments of the risk of transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by skin‐to‐skin or skin‐to‐mouth contact.


We study the scaling laws of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and area spectral efficiency (ASE) in multi-antenna cellular networks, where the number of antennas scales with the base station (BS) spatial density $\lambda$. We start with the MISO case having $N_t(\lambda)$ transmit antennas and a single receive antenna and prove that the average SINR scales as $\frac{N_t(\lambda)}{\lambda}$ and the average ASE scales as $\lambda\log\left(1+\frac{N_t(\lambda)}{\lambda}\right)$. For the MIMO case with single-stream eigenbeamforming and $N_r(\lambda) \leq N_t(\lambda)$ receive antennas, we prove that the scaling laws of the conditional SINR and ASE are exactly the same as the MISO case, i.e. not dependent on $N_r(\lambda)$. We also show that coordinated beamforming amongst $K\leq N_t(\lambda)$ neighboring BSs does not improve the scaling laws regardless of $K$. From a system design perspective, our results suggest that deploying multi-antenna BSs can help maintain the per-user throughput and the linear increase in the ASE with BS density, while the number of antennas at the user equipment and the use of BS cooperation do not matter much.


p s T LEFT-HEART BYPASS (LHB) removes a portion of oxygenated pulmonary venous blood from the left atrium for delivery to a distal aortic site or the femoral artery. Partial LHB is often used in thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair in adults,1 whereas aortic coarctation surgery is a main indication in the pediatric population.2 The advantages of this technique when using a centrifugal pump without a venous reservoir or an oxygenator/heat exchanger include a reduction in left ventricular afterload and continuous distal aortic perfusion, which potentially reduces renal, splanchnic, and spinal cord ischemic times.3 Another potential advantage of partial LHB is the improvement of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) durng one-lung ventilation (OLV) as has been shown in adults ndergoing thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair.4 Two cases in children are described in which LHB during OLV substantially improved PaO2. The authors postulate that decompression of the left atrium during partial LHB and OLV increases the proportion of total pulmonary blood delivered to the dependent lung by increasing the gradient between the pulmonary arterial and venous pressures in the dependent lung. In addition, the mathematic modeling to explain the physiology responsible for this finding is presented.


The study was designed to test the following three rival hypotheses concerning the discrepancy between high Negro aspiration and low Negro achievement: (1) Negroes may have lower academic aptitude; (2) Negroes may be less motivated; and, (3) Negro aspirations may not be genuine, but simply a way of winning the approval of the researcher. The subjects were Negro and white middleand lower-class students at a Chicago junior college. Measures of motivation and aspiration were obtained from an instrument administered during a class period. Measures of aptitude and achievement were obtained from class records. As predicted, significant racial differences were shown in both aptitude and achievement, with Negroes lower on both. However, no significant racial or social class differences were obtained on any of the motivational measures. There was no racial difference in scores on a short social desirability scale, and social desirability was, in general, not significantly related to school interest or educational aspiration. However, different correlates of achievement were obtained in the four race-SES subsamples. Whereas among middle-class whites "test anxiety" was highly correlated with achievement, among lower-class Negroes and lower-class whites, "social science interest" was important. (Authc)r/a0 Final Report Project No. 0-E-091 Grant No. OEG-5-70-0033 (509) MOTIVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT IN NEGRO AND WHITE STUDENTS Eleanor R. Hall University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois July, 1971 The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant with the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in the conduct of the project. Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATI ON & WELFARE Bureau of Research IF"4 OFFICE OF EDUCATION TH IS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN R EPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM CZN THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN:: IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. Ow.


professional horticulturists and botanists, or anyone engaged in serious gardening. Its shortcomings will probably be in the limitations imposed on it by the definition of "amenity gardening." At the current price of $59.50 for this volume, buying and owning all six proposed volumes might be more than many of us can afford. Make sure that your institutional library gets the entire set. PETER A. Hyypio, L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York


Abstract 45 Background Homoharringtonine-based induction regimens have been widely used in China for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which have shown to improve the rate of complete remission (CR) and long-term survival. We aimed to further evaluate its efficacy and safety in treatment of de novo AML. Methods This phase 3 study was done in 17 institutions in China. Patients between the age of 14 and 59 with untreated AML were randomly assigned to receive HAA (homoharringtonine 2 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–7; cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–7, aclarubicin 20 mg/day, days 1–7), HAD (homoharringtonine 2 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–7; cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–7; daunorubicin 40 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–3) or DA (daunorubicin 40–45 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–3; cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–7) regimen as induction therapy. Patients who achieved partial remission or had a decrease of blast iÝ60% could receive a same second induction course. All patients who had a complete remission were offered the same consolidation chemotherapy according to the cytogenetic-risk. The primary endpoints were CR and event-free survival (EFS). The trial is registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR-TRC-06000054. Results 620 patients were randomly assigned to receive HAA (n=207), HAD (n=206) and DA (n=207) regimens. HAA or HAD regimen, as compared with DA regimen, resulted in a higher rate of CR in the first course of induction therapy (67.5% vs. 54.0%, P=0.005; 64.9% vs. 54.0%, P=0.026, respectively). The overall CR rate remained significantly higher in the HAA arm as compared with DA arm (75.0% vs. 61.9%, P=0.005). HAA or HAD regimen has similar rates of adverse events as compared with DA regimen, but was associated with significantly increased risk of induction death (5.8% vs. 1.0%, P=0.007; 6.6% vs. 1.0%, P=0.003, respectively). The EFS was greatly improved in the HAA arm (3-year EFS 35.4±3.5% vs.23.1±3.1%, P=0.002), while not significantly in the HAD arm (3-year EFS 32.7±3.5% vs.23.1±3.1%, P=0.078) as compared with the DA arm. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) did not differ significantly in the HAA or HAD arm as compared with DA arm, but an OS and RFS advantage of the HAA arm over the DA arm was observed in patients with favorable or intermediate cytogenetic profile (OS: P=0.014; RFS: P=0.022, respectively). Patients in the HAD arm with NPM1 but not FLT3ITD mutations, as compared with the patients in the DA arm, had an improved EFS (P=0.038). In intermediate cytogenetic profile, patients with mutant CEBPA had prolonged RFS in the HAA arm as compared with the DA arm (P=0.045). Conclusions Homoharringtonine-based induction regimens are associated with a higher rate of CR and improved survival as compared with DA regimen in AML. The toxicity is mild with the exception of a higher rate of induction death. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A small explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens set into motion an unusually complex series of geomorphic and hydrologic processes that had not previously been described in the literature. This event was unusual in that a laterally-directed eruption dislodged and mobilized a thick snowpack from the surrounding crater floor and walls, resulting in the formation of a temporary lake. Catastrophic release of this self-impounded lake spawned a series of destructive debris avalanches and debris flows that moved rapidly down the volcano's north flank and into the North Toutle River valley. Catastrophic release of volatiles mobilized by volcanic activity has been discussed as a possible mechanism to explain a class of outflow channels on Mars. The eruption of Mount St. Helens provides a unique opportunity to study the deposits and landforms created by such an event; a more detailed field study and examination of Viking photographs of martian outflow channels is underway.


The F/A-18E/F program has recently completed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental effort to determine sting and distortion increments for developing a preflight aerodynamic database. The CFD study provided pretest predictions of sting and distortion increments that supported initial performance predictions and directly contributed to the successful achievement of F/A-18E program goals. The study also produced quantitative pressure drag predictions for the F/A-18 wind-tunnel model at transonic conditions. Extreme fidelity in modeling the test article and care hi the execution of the CFD solutions produced high-quality results that were validated by excellent agreement with the subsequent test results.


Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has been widely used to provide inertia and damping for renewable energy generation systems. The added inertia and damping coefficients are usually designed according to the stability margin. However, VSGs can suffer from the inherent synchronous frequency resonance (SFR), which also limits the parameters in active and reactive power control loops. To analyze the parameter constraints owing to the SFR, this paper develops a sequence impedance model covering wide-range frequency characteristics of the VSG. The built sequence impedance is not only efficient in well-known small-signal instability analysis of weak grid-connected systems, but competent for intrinsic stability study of the VSG itself by means of pole-zero maps, which integrates the SFR into other small-signal stability issues because of the unified effective impedance models. Simulations verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the sequence impedance to reveal the SFR.


Representation results are provided for the densities of the minimal martingale and the minimal entropy measures in incomplete binomial models. Explicit constructions for the minimal aggregate entropy and related parity results, in reference to the two measures, are also given.


This study examines field agency expectations for technology literacy skills in new employees using a conceptual framework that organizes these desired skills of employees by categories including: ability to record data, generate information, produce knowledge, and communicate. Findings indicate that MSW graduates are expected to have the highest level of skills related to information and communication, and employers hold fewer expectations related to data and production of knowledge. These findings are concerning because data is the building block for information, knowledge, and communication skills, and social work education has a large knowledge component. Implications for social work education are suggested.


A Lady of the High Hills: Natalie Delage Sumter. By Thomas Tisdale. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 188. Illustrations. Cloth, $29.95.)In no way can Natalie Delage Sumter's life be called representative by the standards of early nineteenth-century America. It certainly was interesting, however. The goddaughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Marie Louise Stephanie Beatrix Nathalie de Lage de Volude was born at Versailles in 1782. As high-ranking members of the French nobility and staunch reactionaries, her parents were early targets of the revolutionary movement. In 1793 they sent eleven-year-old Natalie with her governess to New York for her protection. The rest of her family scattered across Europe, awaiting the defeat of Revolutionary forces so that they might return to France and reoccupy the privileged positions to which they believed they were entitled. They situated themselves within the city's burgeoning French emigre community. When Aaron Burr hired Natalie's governess to run his household and raise his daughter, Theodosia, according to the French manner, Natalie became a member of his household. Burr raised Natalie as his daughter until 1801, when, at the age of nineteen, she sailed back to France, encouraged by Napoleon's policy of reconciliation with the old aristocracy.On the crossing Natalie met and fell in love with Thomas Sumter Jr., a planter's son from South Carolina. Sumter was to serve as secretary to the American legation in Paris under Robert R. Livingston, a reward for his father's staunch Jeffersonianism. Chancellor Livingston proved instrumental in convincing Natalie's skeptical mother to accept the match. Readers will be left wondering why Livingston took such pains to aid Sumter, since Tisdale makes it clear that the two shared a mutual enmity. Nevertheless, Sumter overcame the marquise's objections, and he and Natalie married in March 1802. Sumter left the Paris embassy to serve in London, and after seven months there, during which Natalie gave birth to a daughter, they returned to his father's plantation in the "High Hills" of South Carolina in what is now Sumter County, between the lowcountry and the fall line. Though Tisdale suggests that Natalie adjusted to what he characterizes dubiously as a "wonderfully cosmopolitan rural community" (65) rather easily, the evidence suggests otherwise. Her husband's financial affairs were in disarray, she pined for France, and Natalie gave birth to two more girls in 1805 and 1806. …


after the nephrectomy. The cutaneous ureterostomy was working well, the blood-urea was normal, and she was already putting on weight. This patient remained fit and well with no clinical or radiological evidence of metastases. She continued to put on weight and there was no recurrence of anaemia. In February, 1956, 34 years after operation, she was re-admitted to the medical unit (Professor Harold Scarborough) with a history of lassitude and extreme anorexia of 5 weeks' duration associated with severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting. In addition, she complained of oliguria and cedema of the ankles for the two weeks prior to admission to hospital. Her tongue was brown, furred, and dry and she was obviously uraemic. The blood-urea was 428 mg. per cent and the serum potassium 9.4 mEq./litre. Following intensive treatment with resonium 'A' 30 g. daily, a left retrograde pyelogram was carried out via the cutaneous ureterostomy. The appearances are as shown in Fig. 330. There was a marked filling defect involving the junction of the lower and mid-thirds of the left ureter. A little of the dye which got into the left kidney showed a marked hydrocalycosis. SECOND OPERATION.-Accordingly, the left ureter was exposed well above the growth and a cutaneous ureterostomy performed at a higher level. Section of the ablated ureter showed a transitional-cell carcinoma of the ureter with invasion of a blood-vessel at one point. There was an immediate and satisfactory improvement in urinary output with a marked fall in the blood-urea. The serum potassium fell to normal within one week. The haemoglobin, however, remained at 34 mg. per cent. Retrograde pyelography was then carried out through the new ureterostomy opening. This showed extensive generalized negative filling defects in the pelvis and major calices (Fig. 330 B). Some papilliferous debris together with blood-clot continued to come down the stump of the ureter which remained, and in April, 1956, deep X-ray therapy (Dr. Glyn C. D. Evans) was carried out to the whole of the left kidney. The patient was discharged home wearing a ureterostomy plastic cup. For the past 24 years this patient has remained very fit and well. The blood-urea is still abnormal (about IOO mg. per cent), but there is no anaemia. She has now resumed teaching duties in school. The only evidence of any new development in the papillomatosis was when a subcutaneous nodule the size of a hazel nut was excised under a local anaesthetic. This was present at the extreme terminal end of the original left ureterostomy at the mucocutaneous junction, and in all probability must have developed in a minute portion of ureteric mucosa left after the original ureterectomy at this site. Section report on this tumour showed a transitional-cell papilloma with no invasion of the base. Fig. 331 shows a retrograde pyelogram carried out in September, 1958.


Forecasting is data in the past that is used for the purposes of estimating future data. Selling is a managerial social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want, create, offer, and exchange products of value with others. Yenie Embroidery and Embroidery Shop is a shop that is engaged in craftsmanship and sales of embroidery such as embroidery and embroidery, the results of craftsmen and embroidery located in Bukittingi. Currently Yenie Embroidery and Embroidery Stores are experiencing an increase both in terms of consumers and in terms of the type of merchandise. With the forecast can help to predict future sales and can minimize losses to a product. In this study, a forecast is carried out for the next month and to find out the success rate of the trend moment forecasting method for sales from Yenie Embroidery and Embroidery Shops through sales data. The method used in this research is the Trend Moment Method. The Trend Moment method is a method that uses certain statistical and mathematical methods to determine the function of a straight line as a substitute for a broken line formed by historical company data. The results of the study can forecast sales of embroidery and embroidery products properly and optimally. So that the store management can predict the inventory of goods for the future optimally. This action can improve service to the availability of goods very well


The study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping/College of Agriculture/University of Al-Qadisiyah/Al-Nouriah district - for the 2019-2020 agricultural season to study the effect of spraying with organic sulfur and hydrogen peroxide on the growth and yield of onions, Allium cepa L, where the study included two factors: the first factor was spraying organic sulfur at concentration (0, 2)., 4 ml. L-1) and symbol S1, S2, S3 and the second factor spraying with hydrogen peroxide at a concentration (0, 2, 4 ml. L-1) and symbolized by B1, B2, B3 and the interaction between them. A factorial experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and the comparison between the treatments was done using the least significant difference test L.S.D at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that spraying with organic sulfur or spraying with hydrogen peroxide in a single form led to a significant increase in all studied traits, as well as the interaction between the two factors, where the treatment S3B3 recorded the highest significant increase in plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf neck diameter and yield weight per hectare of 82.00 cm plant. -1, 63.0 cm, 11.00 leaf. Plant-1, 55.67 mm. Onion-1, 22.67 mm. Onion-1, 4.146 tons. hectare-1, respectively.


The role of SMEs in our society has become increasingly important as creators of employment opportunities and as key players of the local and regional prosperity. The changing environment in which the enterprises operate as well as the limited resources, emphasize the role of the professional accountants as main consultants for the enterprises. The present study aims to highlight the role of professional accountants as consultants, namely to provide the best services in the financial, accounting, fiscal, human resources, etc fields, offering solutions that help the enterprises to improve their activity by increasing the efficiency and productivity, giving them a quality product by extracting from the legal and financial chaos, practical solutions for the problems they are facing.


Significance Associations between genes and languages occur even with sustained migration among communities. By comparing phylogenies of genes and languages, we identify one source of this association. In traditional tribal societies, marriage customs channel language transmission. When women remain in their natal community and men disperse (matrilocality), children learn their mothers' language, and language correlates with maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. For the converse kinship practice (patrilocality), language instead correlates with paternally inherited Y chromosome. Kinship rules dictating postmarital residence can persist for many generations and determine population genetic structure at the community scale. The long-term association of languages with genetic clades created by kinship systems provides information about language transmission, and about the structure and persistence of social groups. Languages are transmitted through channels created by kinship systems. Given sufficient time, these kinship channels can change the genetic and linguistic structure of populations. In traditional societies of eastern Indonesia, finely resolved cophylogenies of languages and genes reveal persistent movements between stable speech communities facilitated by kinship rules. When multiple languages are present in a region and postmarital residence rules encourage sustained directional movement between speech communities, then languages should be channeled along uniparental lines. We find strong evidence for this pattern in 982 individuals from 25 villages on two adjacent islands, where different kinship rules have been followed. Core groups of close relatives have stayed together for generations, while remaining in contact with, and marrying into, surrounding groups. Over time, these kinship systems shaped their gene and language phylogenies: Consistently following a postmarital residence rule turned social communities into speech communities.


Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease. We have proposed a COVID-19 disease detection using deep learning method in this paper. Novel disease coronavirus bring forth diverse effect on population. Exponential growth of virus and lack of knowledge of treatment was the biggest challenge for doctors to save patient's life. Due to less availability of ventilator and ICU clinical trial and testing overloaded of COVID-19 health status. Lung infection diagnosed by Chest X-ray found as best and fastest approach to detect severity of COVID-19. The work presents an AI model to detect the COVID-19 by diagnoses of chest X-ray report. Chest X-ray report finding has been conducted using CNN (convolution neural network) model with ResNet50 and VGG 19 model. The model classify the patients into four category COVID-19, normal, pneumonia, lung obesity. AI model train the X-ray image through image processing methods with an accuracy of 99.3%. The efficacy of proposed model also has been analyzed in terms of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity, precision.


The insulating property of the insulator can effect safe operation of an electric system.The monitoring method of leakage current is now research key point of the insulator insultating property.First of all,present the form,developing process and the leakage current online monitoring system of the insulator leakage current from the physical model angle,and then on the basis of this,three different leakage current analytical methods are presented.We have analyzed the virftus and defects of these motheds.


The multifunction radar (MFR) has to make a decision as to which functions are to be performed first or which must be degraded or even not done at all when there are not enough resources to be allocated. The process of making these decisions and determining their allocation as a function of time is known as Radar Resource Management (RRM). The RRM has two basic issues: task prioritization and task scheduling. The task prioritization is an important factor in the task scheduler. The other factor is the required scheduling time, which is decided by the environment, the target scenario and the performance requirements of radar functions. The required scheduling time could be improved by using advanced algorithm [1, 6].


ABSTRACT Introduction Protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has been reported to augment myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, without increasing muscle connective protein synthesis rates. It has been suggested that collagen protein may be effective in stimulating muscle connective protein synthesis. The present study assessed the capacity of both whey and collagen protein ingestion to stimulate postexercise myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 45 young male (n = 30) and female (n = 15) recreational athletes (age, 25 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 24.1 ± 2.0 kg·m−2) were selected to receive primed continuous intravenous infusions with l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine and l-[3,5-2H2]-tyrosine. After a single session of resistance type exercise, subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups ingesting either 30 g whey protein (WHEY, n = 15), 30 g collagen protein (COLL, n = 15) or a noncaloric placebo (PLA, n = 15). Blood and muscle biopsy samples were collected over a subsequent 5-h recovery period to assess both myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Results Protein ingestion increased circulating plasma amino acid concentrations (P < 0.05). The postprandial rise in plasma leucine and essential amino acid concentrations was greater in WHEY compared with COLL, whereas plasma glycine and proline concentrations increased more in COLL compared with WHEY (P < 0.05). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates averaged 0.041 ± 0.010, 0.036 ± 0.010, and 0.032 ± 0.007%·h−1 in WHEY, COLL and PLA, respectively, with only WHEY resulting in higher rates when compared with PLA (P < 0.05). Muscle connective protein synthesis rates averaged 0.072 ± 0.019, 0.068 ± 0.017, and 0.058 ± 0.018%·h−1 in WHEY, COLL, and PLA, respectively, with no significant differences between groups (P = 0.09). Conclusions Ingestion of whey protein during recovery from exercise increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. Neither collagen nor whey protein ingestion further increased muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of postexercise recovery in both male and female recreational athletes.


This article introduces the Nokia Mobile Learning for Mathematics Project in South Africa, which made use of mobile technology to support mathematics learning at 30 public secondary schools. It draws on the evaluation of this project from January to June 2010. The article discusses learner access to mobile devices, learner and teacher uptake and use of the service, the relationship between learner and teacher use, and the impact on learner results in mathematics. The article outlines the assumptions made by project participants about the uptake and use of such a service, which were not substantiated by the evaluation findings.


An extract from cucumber cotyledons was shown to cause an inhibition of protochlorophyH biosynthesis and accumulation. The extract inhibited the net synthesis of protochlorophyll as well as the incorporation of 8aminol'4Cllevulinic acid into protochlorophyllide and protochlorophylide ester by excised cotyledons. The inhibition of 8-aminol'4Cllevulinic acid incorporation into the two protochlorophyfl species was also observed in isolated etiochloroplasts before and after lysis ofthe plastids. The inhibition did not appear to involve the oxidation of the 8-aminolevulinic substrate or its translocation across the plastid membrane. Kinetic analysis of the rate of protochlorophylide and protochlorophyllide ester biosynthesis in the presence and absence of the inhibitor suggested that the mode of inhibition of the two protochlorophyll species was different. The greening process can be conveniently divided into three phases: (a) the biosynthesis of protochlorophyll; (b) the conversion of Pchl3 into Chl; and (c) incorporation of the Chl molecules into the nascent thylakoid membranes. The latter process involves the integrated metabolism of pigments, proteins and lipids. The control of the greening process is presently ascribed to two steps of the Chl biosynthetic pathway; namely, the formation of 8-aminolevulinic acid (1) and the conversion of Pchl into Chl(ide) (2, 14). Both steps seem to be controlled by light (6). Recently, the existence of additional control points between ALA and Pchl has been suggested in higher and lower plants (4, 15). This paper describes an endogenous inhibitor of Pchl biosynthesis which occurs in etiolated and greening cotyledons and which seem to be active in the dark at a site past ALA formation and prior to Pchl biosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material and Growth Conditions. Cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Beit Alpha MR) were purchased from the Niagra Chemical Division, FMC Corporation, Modesto, Calif. The seeds were germinated directly in moist Vermiculite at approximately 30 C for 4 days in the dark (9). Radiochenicals. 8-Amino[4-'4C]levulinic acid was purchased 'This work was supported by Research Grant PCM 7811559 from the National Science Foundation and by funds from the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. 2To whom reprint requests should be sent. 3 Abbreviations: Pchl: (protochlorophyll) refers to a mixture of Pchlide and Pchlide ester; ALA: 8-aminolevulinic acid. either from New England Nuclear (25 mCi/mmol) or from Research Products Intemational, Elk Grove, Ill. (59 mCi/mmol). 8Amino[5-'4Cjlevulinic acid (56 mCi/mmol) was also purchased from Research Products International, Elk Grove, Ill. Isolation of Plastids. Etiochloroplasts were prepared from 4day-old etiolated cotyledons harvested, without hypocotyl hooks, under about 40 ft-c of white fluorescent light. The tissue was hand-homogenized in a co-factor-fortified medium adjusted to pH 8.0 (9). The homogenate was passed through four layers of cheesecloth and centrifuged first at 200g for 3 min, followed by a second centrifugation at l,500g for 7 min. The pelleted plastids were suspended in the same co-factor-enriched medium, adjusted to pH 7.7 (9). Preparation of the Inhibitor. Three g 4-day-old etiolated cucumber cotyledons were harvested under laboratory light (-40 ft-c). The cotyledons were chopped into small pieces (-1 ImM2) with a razor blade in a small amount of distilled H20. The chopped tissue was transferred to a deep Petri dish containing 5.5 ml distilled H20 and was incubated under 250 ft-c ofwhite fluorescent light at 28 C for various periods of time. The filtrate containing the inhibitor was separated from the chopped tissue by means of a transfer pipette. The inhibitor was alternatively prepared by grinding with mortar and pestle 6 g 4-day-old etiolated cotyledons in 12 ml cold distilled H20. The homogenate was centrifuged at 39,000g for 10 min. After centrifugation, most of the lipophilic materials were removed from the top of the tube with cotton swabs. The supernatant containing the inhibitor (the filtrate) was poured off and used as such without further purification. Incubation of Whole Cotyledons. Three g of hookless etiolated cotyledons were incubated in deep Petri dishes, 10 cm in diameter, either with 10 pmol ALA or with 2 ,Ci [14C]ALA. The total volume of the incubation medium was adjusted to 5.5 ml either with distilled H20 or with the filtrate. The incubations were conducted in the dark for 2 h at 28 C on a metabolic shaker operating at 10 strokes/min. Incubation of Isolated Plastids. Isolated plastids were incubated as described previously (10). In a total volume of 3.0 ml, the reaction mixture contained 400 ,umol Tris-HCl (pH 7.7), 1 mmol sucrose, 100 ,mol K-phosphate, 1 Lmol MgC12, 10 ,umol GSH, 0.6 ,umol CoA, 0.8 mmol methanol, 0.8 ,umol ATP, 0.15 ,umol NAD+, 5 ,uCi [14CIALA, and 0.928 ml of filtrate or of distilled H20. The incubations were conducted in the dark at 28 C on a metabolic shaker operating at 10 strokes/min. Unless otherwise indicated, the plastids were incubated for 2 h. Preparation and Incubation of Lysed Plastids. Etiochloroplasts were prepared from 10 g etiolated cotyledons as described above. The plastid pellet was suspended in I ml fortified 62 mM TrisHCI, 31 mm K-phosphate, pH 7.7, lacking sucrose. After 10 min at 0 C, the Tris-HCl and phosphate content of the lysed plastid suspension were readjusted to 200 and 50 mm, respectively, and 142 www.plantphysiol.org on May 1, 2019 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1980 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. PROTOCHLOROPHYLL INHIBITION the volume of the suspension was brought to 5 ml. Two ml lysed plastids were incubated for 2 h as described above for the isolated plastids. The final volume of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 3.0 ml. Extraction of the Pigments from Whole Cotyledons. Three g cotyledons were homogenized for 2 min in 20 ml acetone: 0.1 N NH40H (9:1 v/v) at 0-4 C in a Sorval Omni-Mixer and the homogenate was centrifuged at 39,000g for 10 min. When unlabeled ALA was the substrate, the pigments in the acetone extract were partitioned between hexane and hexane-extracted acetone prior to spectrofluorometric determinations (9, 11). When the substrate was [14CIALA, the pigments in the acetone extract were transferred to ether prior to chromatographic segregation. This was achieved by adding to the acetone extract, 11⁄47 of its volume of saturated NaCl and Y7o of its volume of 0.5 M KH2PO4. The mixture was extracted once with 10 ml peroxide-free ether followed by one extraction with 7 ml ether. The combined ether extracts were concentrated under N2 until a distinct water-acetone phase was formed. The latter then was reextracted with approximately 6 ml ether and the extracted aqueous layer was discarded. This final ether extract was reconcentrated under N2 and at this point a few ,tg unlabeled Chl and Pchlide were added to the ether as markers for chromatography. Extraction of Pigments from the Cell-free Incubations. The incubated plastids were extracted with 15 ml acetone-0. I N NH40H (9:1, v/v) at 0 to 4 C and centrifuged at 39,000g for 10 min (9). The pigments were transferred to ether after the addition of saturated NaCl and KH2PO4 by extraction first with 7 ml, then with 5 ml peroxide-free ether (vide supra). The combined extracts were concentrated under N2 and reextracted as described above. Chromatography. Pchlide was segregated from Pchlide ester by chromatography of the ether extracts on thin layers (5 x 20 cm) of Silica Gel H, 500 ,um thick. The volume of the final ether extract was from 2 to 3 ml; of this I to 2 ml were applied to four plates. The plates were developed in toluene-ethyl acetate-ethanol (8:2:2, v/v) at 4 C in the dark. The red fluorescent bands corresponding to the segregated pigments were viewed under UV light (366 nm). Pchlide ester was eluted from the silica gel with ether, whereas Pchlide was eluted with methanol-acetone (4:1, v/v). The silica gel slurries were centrifuged and the silica gel pellets were washed twice with the appropriate solvents. The spectroscopic purity of the bands was monitored spectrofluorometrically. Determination of 14C Incorporation. The eluted Pchlide ester band was concentrated under N2 to a volume of 1 ml or less, and the radioactivity of the entire sample was determined. To determine the 14C incorporation into Pchlide, aliquots of 1.0 ml were counted. The samples were counted in 15 ml toluene scintillation solution (0.6 g 1,4-bis[2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl)Jbenzene and 7.0 g 2,5-diphenyloxazole in 1 liter toluene). A Packard Tri-Carb scintillation counter model 3375 or model 3255 was used. Quenching was determined by using the instrument internal standard. Samples were counted to a SD of ± 5% or less. Trapping and Measuring 14CO2 Evolution. Small beakers were taped to the walls of the incubation vessels, ie. of deep Petri dishes. The beakers contained either 0.5 ml of 2 N KOH or strips of Whatman No. I filter paper (1.5 x 3.5 cm) which had been soaked in 2 N KOH. The incubation vessels were covered and sealed with parafilm. At the end of the incubation, the KOH solution was transferred to a scintillation vial. The beaker was rinsed with some of the scintillation cocktail and the rinse was also added to the scintillation vial. Alternatively, when strips of KOH-soaked filter paper were used the strips of paper were rinsed with 0.5 ml of distilled H20. The water rinse and the filter paper strips then were added to a scintillation vial, and the beaker was rinsed with the scintillation cocktail. The samples were counted in 15 ml of Bray's cocktail (3). Spectrofluorometric Measurements. Corrected fluorescence Table I. Inhibition of Pchl Net Synthesis in Excised Cotyledons Etiolated cucumber cotyledons were incubated for 2 h in the dark. The pigments were extracted and analyzed spectrofluorometrically (I 1). Total Pchl refers


Dopamine-deficient (DA−/−) mice were created by targeted inactivation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene in dopaminergic neurons. The locomotor activity response of these mutants to dopamine D1 or D2 receptor agonists and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) was 3- to 13-fold greater than the response elicited from wild-type mice. The enhanced sensitivity of DA−/− mice to agonists was independent of changes in steady-state levels of dopamine receptors and the presynaptic dopamine transporter as measured by ligand binding. The acute behavioral response of DA−/− mice to a dopamine D1 receptor agonist was correlated with c-fos induction in the striatum, a brain nucleus that receives dense dopaminergic input. Chronic replacement of dopamine to DA−/− mice by repeated l-DOPA administration over 4 d relieved the hypersensitivity of DA−/− mutants in terms of induction of both locomotion and striatal c-fos expression. The results suggest that the chronic presence of dopaminergic neurotransmission is required to dampen the intracellular signaling response of striatal neurons.


Morphologically defined stages of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis were correlated with concomitant changes in the immunological competence of susceptible SWR/J mice. The morphogenesis of colorectal tumors and the cellular changes occurring in the spleen, drain ing (mesenteric) lymph node, thymus, liver, and lung of mice were studied during and after chronic s.c. administration of the carcinogen (15 mg DMH per kg body weight per week for 20 weeks). The immunological competence of Tand B-lymphocytes of spleens and draining lymph nodes was measured biweekly by tritiated thymidine incorporation in response to in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A and bacterial endotoxin. A triphasic modulation of the regional (draining lymph node) and systemic (splenic) immunocompetence was demonstrated in DMH-treated mice during colorectal carcinogenesis. The three phases of modulation correlated with the latency of appearance of colorectal lesions, tumor progression, and the development of invasive adenocarcinomas. Cellular changes in the draining lymph node and the spleen reflected the mitogen reactivity of Tand B-lymphocytes in Phases I and III. In Phase II, however, splenic mitogen reactivity did not reflect the mor phologically detectable enhancement of the splenic immune response due to the dilution effect of the extensive myeloid metaplasia in the red pulp. In Phase I, a depression of the regional immunocompetence and an enhancement of the systemic Âimmunocompetence ini tiated by DMH preceded the development of the initial colorec tal lesions. In Phase II, an enhanced regional and systemic immunity corresponded to morphogenetic changes in the co lorectal epithelium representing a transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia. In Phase III, a reduction in both regional and systemic immunocompetence was associated with the growth of adenocarcinomas. Subsequently, systemic immunity, as in dicated by the continued depression of mitogen reactivity and the depletion of the splenic white pulp, was abrogated concomitantly with the increase in tumor burden. Regional immunity, however, recovered and became enhanced simultaneously with the appearance of invasive adenocarcinomas. The observations indicated a DMH-initiated, tumor develop ment-mediated modulation of immunocompetence. This mod ulation resulted in a compromise, a dynamic tumor-host inter action which favors the ultimate development of invasive colo rectal adenocarcinomas. INTRODUCTION Experimental models for the study of colon tumor develop ment have been described for rats, mice, and hamsters (4, 8, 9, 22, 29). Currently, models utilize DMH3 or azoxymethane, the synthetic analogs of cycasin, for the induction of colorectal tumors (9, 10, 29, 35, 46, 47, 50). The histological similarity of the induced lesions to colon tumors of humans emphasizes the relevance of these tumor models in the study of colon tumor development (10, 24, 25, 32, 47). A recent report from our laboratory on the sensitivity of 5 different strains of mice to DMH-induced colon tumor devel opment supports the functional role of genetic factors in the determination of susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis (9). Among the mice studied, SWR/J and P/J mice were the most susceptible, with colorectal tumor incidences of 85 and 80%, respectively. The high incidence of colorectal adenocarcino mas, associated with only occasional anal tumors, makes the SWR/J model especially suitable for the study of the morpho genesis and immunology of colorectal tumor development. Information on the influence of DMH or tumor growth on the immune system of animals during colorectal carcinogenesis is not yet available. Chemical carcinogens and the progressive growth of tumors are both known to depress immunological competence (2, 23, 37, 38, 43, 44). While carcinogen-induced immunosuppression is not an absolute requirement of chemical carcinogenesis (39-41), the results of some recent studies imply that immunocompetence during colorectal carcinogene sis is depressed. Immunological surveillance, which theoreti cally incorporates the necessity of immunosuppression for the successful development of antigenic tumors, has recently been reported to be functional during DMH-induced colon carcino genesis in rats (2). Similarly, Bacillus Calmette-GuA©rin immunotherapy, which requires for its success immunological com petence (19, 20, 26), has been unsuccessful in DMH-treated animals (36). The results of these studies indicate an immu nological deficiency in animals undergoing DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis. To study the possibility of DMHand/or tumor growth-in duced modulation of host immunity, we examined systemati cally the morphogenesis of colon tumors as related to concom itant changes in the immunological competence of SWR/J mice during and after treatment with DMH. The histological study of neoplastic development in the colon, the histological evaluation of cellular changes in the organs of the immune system, and the monitoring of the mitogenic responses of Tand B-lymphocytes during carcinogenesis were utilized for this purpose. ' Research conducted at Meloy Laboratories, Inc. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Meloy Laboratories. Inc., 6715 Electronic Drive, Springfield. Va. 22151. Received August 24. 1979; accepted April 15, 1980. 3The abbreviations used are: DMH. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; Con A. concana valin A; LPS. lipopolysaccharide W (Escherichia coli, serotype 0111 :B4:H).


High date rate wireless systems with very small symbol periods usually face unacceptable Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) originated from multipath propagation and their inherent delay spread. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier-based technique for mitigating ISI to improve capacity in the wireless system with spectral efficiency (bps/Hz). On the other hand, Multiple -Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have rising attention of the wireless academic community and industry because their promise to increase capacity and performance with acceptable BER proportionally with the number of antennas. Thus we have obtained better bit error rate using V-BLAST technique.


We propose to use intense optical vortex to control laser-based ion acceleration for obtaining high-quality ion beams. An acceleration field favorable for generating well-collimated energetic proton beams results from the interaction of a tailored vortex laser pulse with thin solid-density foil in a blowout regime. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that the foil protons can be efficiently accelerated to the GeV level in the form of a beam with small radius (<1 μm), narrow divergence (<0.1 rad), and low emittance (∼0.004π mm mrad). The proton beam is of high energy density (>1018 J m−3) and high brightness (>1022 A m−2 rad−2), exceeding that of the Gaussian laser case by four orders of magnitude, and the energy conversion efficiency is about 12 times that under the same laser intensity. The scheme can also be used to accelerate heavier, such as carbon, ions. The resulting ion beams should be useful as compact neutron source, for creation of warm dense matters, as well as ion-beam direct and indirect drive inertial confinement fusion, ultrafast diagnostics of the implosion dynamics in the latter, etc.


The main problem was, and is, that the best method of dating any Augustan sites, including Neuss, has in the past been by study of its supposedly Italian sigillata. Here the earliest South Gaulish vessels are distinguished, coming from Lyon, but not from Bram. She states that the beginnings of Roman Neuss are paralleled with those of Zurich and Basel between 20 and 15 B.C. This is slightly later than the 22 B.C. proposed by some writers one or two decades ago. Chronology is becoming a nettle danger to be avoided by some archaeologists of this period, while others still argue about extremely close datings for other kinds of material than sigillata. A circular argument has been skilfully avoided by her, and no details of stratigraphy had been supplied to her. I experienced similar problems concerning my work on the metal objects (forthcoming). Certain very early metal objects definitely came from early positions, as Dr G Miiller informed me, and it is tantalizing to have no idea whether any of the friihe Einzelstucke were found in the dltester Horizont in Neuss. The whole heavy task of studying 2,700 vessels took twenty-five years, from 1958. During that time other important works were published and had to be placed in the statistical survey, such as Goudineau's Bolsena, Schindler and Scheffenegger's Magdalensberg, Simon's Rodgen, von Schnurbein on Haltern, and Oxe-Comfort's Corpus with its empire-wide site-surveys, to name only some of the chief ones.


Normal neurohistology of the elderly brain is largely unstudied and unknown. Normal brains are essential as controls for postmortem investigations in longitudinal, prospective studies which aim to document and clarify the natural history of Alzheimer's disease. Ethically, consent should be sought from these subjects and their relatives at the beginning of such studies. This article reports the responses of normal and demented elderly community residents to request for brain donation. Eighty‐five per cent of the normal control group and 83% of incident cases of dementia signed declarations of intent for postmortem. During the first year of brain collection, 24 of 33 donated brains have been successfully collected at postmortem. The responses and attitudes of the subjects and their relatives and the value of obtaining such consent are discussed.


We look at Paul A. Samuelson's 1958 article "An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest With or Without the Social Contrivance of Money" as an exemplary, Neo-classically misconstructed model of nowadays society and its economic activities. The failure to notice the existence of unpaid labor in the framework of the model, and the implicit dependence of the outcomes on unpaid (omitted) reproduction work has apparently gone unchallenged so far. The logical inconsistencies of the model and their androcentric backgrounds are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we aim to debate (but not explicitly formulate) an alternative modeling approach based on the use of Genetic Algorithms to include – at least some – crucial features of modern society in its whole heterogeneity.


Arguing for the combination of urban sociolinguistics, perceptual dialectology, and ethnographic approaches, this text focuses on how the perceptions of city dwellers are shaping both the sociolinguistic landscape and the ongoing linguistic change in a major Euromediterranean town.


The recent systemic crisis that has affected the financial markets and real economies of major industrialized countries has had significant effects on the corporate governance and key organizational choices of large firms. In this context, the present study aims to verify whether the international crisis has significantly changed the structure of the interlocking directorate network that links large firms in the regulated Italian market. To this end, the first part of the paper presents an analysis of the evolution of corporate governance in the main European regulated markets through a comparative analysis of some synthetic statistical data observed at the end of the years 2006, 2008 and 2010. In the second part, after framing the concept of interlocking directorate in a theoretical perspective, we examine the evolution of the network of personal ties between large Italian listed companies in the period of observation (2006-2010) using Social Network Analysis.


The time varying channel between transmitter and receiver in wireless communications necessitates the receiver to be informed about the channel between the transmitter and the receiver periodically in the detection procedure. This paper introduces a geometrical model for channel matrix in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, where the channel is supposed to be fast fading.Then an auto regressive (AR) model is proposed for the channel matrix variations at each time instant, based on which an LMS-like procedure for tracking the channel is suggested to increase the time period required for channel training in order to increase the data transmission rate. The efficiency of the method for channel matrix estimation is studied through simulation.The results show satisfactory match between the true and the estimated channel.


Selective Laser Melting (SLM) presents a modern manufacturing process with an innovative technology which allows the production of full-density objects or fine-structured parts with complex geometry and inner structures. Stability and certification of the properties of SLM parts are important tasks for all producers and end-users. One of the drawbacks of this technology is high residual stress in as-made SLM objects. In this study X-ray diffraction technique was used for investigating the residual stress induced into SLM Ti6Al4V alloy samples. Principal stresses were estimated for the cut rectangular specimen. Two types of the cantilevers were produced and numerical simulation of the stress was performed. The bending of cut cantilevers was measured before and after heat treatment. Next series of the samples had rectangular shapes and different thicknesses from 1 to 46 layers. All as-manufactured specimens attached to the substrate showed the presence of tensile residual stresses near the top surface. Residual stress along the laser scanning direction had magnitudes twice that of the stress in the perpendicular direction. Conclusions regarding directions and values of stresses in SLM objects from Ti6Al4V powder are given.


A detailed study is made on the stress and deformation of rockfill dam of Bailianhe project during construction and reservoir filling stages by way of FEM, and the analysis shows that the stress and deformation of the dam body is within a rational range, indicating the feasibility of dam design scheme.


At the close of World War II, the Soviet Union controlled all of eastern Germany except the Allied sectors of Berlin. In June 1948, Soviet authorities halted all rail traffic between the city and the outside world, resulting in a massive supply airlift by American and British air forces. By focusing on the experiences of airmen, politicians and ordinary Berliners, the author tells the story of this aviation and logistical accomplishment that has had lasting geopolitical significance.


Flood is a major problem in Johor river basin, which normally happened during monsoon season. However in this study, it shows that rainfall did not have a strong relationship for the changes of water level compared to suspended solid and stream flow, where both variables have p-values of <0.0001 and these variables also became the main factors in contributing to the flood occurrence based on Factor Analysis result. Time Series Analysis was being carried out and based on Statistical Process Control, the limitation has been set up for mitigation in controlling flood. All data beyond the Upper Control Limit was predicted to have High Risk to face flood and Emergency Response Plan should be implemented to prevent complication and destruction because of flood. The prediction for the risk level was carried out using the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), where the accuracy of prediction was very high, with the result of 96% for the level of accuracy in the prediction of risk class.


Editor's Introduction T.Tachibanaki - PART 1: WAGES - Wage Behaviour and Labour Market Programs in Sweden: Evidence from Micro Data P-A.Edin, B.Holmlund & T.Ostros - Wage Differentials by Industry and the Size of Firm, and Labour Market in Japan T.Tachibanaki & S.Ohta - Wage Inequality and Regional Labour Market Performance in the United States R.H.Topel - PART 2: WORK AND INCENTIVE - The Growth of the Firm and Promotions in the Japanese Seniority System I.Ohashi & H.Matsushige - Effects of Job Training and Productivity Growth on Retention of Male and Female Workers in Japan Y.Higuchi - Inter-Industry and Firm Size Differences in Job Satisfaction among Japanese Workers T.Ishikawa - Pay and Performance C.Brown - PART 3: EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT - Unemployment in the OECD Countries R.Layard & S.Nickell - Organizational Form, Growth and Stability J.S.Leonard - 'Main' Bank System, Implicit Contracts and Trust in the Deferred Payment Arrangments H.Osano & T.Serita - PART 4: UNIONS - The Determinants of Labour Disputes in Japan: A Comparison with the US F.Ohtake & J.S.Tracy


The objective of the present study is to describe and analyze the state of research on the self-efficacy construct and its association with learning in computational environments based on the review of articles published in journals during the period between 2006 and 2015. To conduct the study, the Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO databases were used and a bibliometric analysis was performed. Eighty-one (81) published scientific texts from 31 journals were analyzed. Most academic productivity on the subject matter came from Asian countries. A predominance of correlational studies was found. A total of 62 questionnaires to evaluate participants' self-efficacy in domains associated with Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) were found. The self-efficacy subscale of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) is used the most by researchers. It is possible to conclude that self-efficacy is a predictor of students' successful performance in computational environments, which, in turn, influences other variables that allow better attitudes in learning. Self-efficacy has positioned itself as a current and interesting subject matter, which is why e-learning designers and educators must pay attention to the contributions derived from research in order to put them into practice.


Foundation of the buildings on the loessial soil is often associated only with difficulties resulting from the possibility of the collapse of the ground. For these reason, loess is too often unfairly disqualified as the construction subsoil in spite of its good strength and strain parameters. Thanks to continuous development of research and publications of the results, reliable data regarding loess are spread and, as a consequence, loess becomes more and more common soil used in the geotechnicalengineering.Loess collapsibility has been studied since the middle of the 20th century, nevertheless, only the computer techniques and specialist laboratory and microstructural tests, that have been developed from the end of last century, helped us to find an answer to the important questions regarding the occurrence of this phenomenon. Detailed mechanisms that cause sudden loess volumetric reduction due to humidity and load, and the elements that affects the collapsibility are still studied. Furthermore, varied technics are researched, including in-situ tests, which allow estimating the risk of collapse, as well as the methods of its elimination.The aim of this paper is to systematize the directions of current studies of European loess collapsibility and to indicate their most significant results. The review was made on the basis of the scientific publications published in the Polish and international journals as well as the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Web of Science database.


This paper briefly reviewed actual situation and real effects of 5 times of Chinese medicine clinical skillcompetition, and discussed the role of the competition in training students' clinical basic skills. It holds that thecompetition may in a large degree stimulate students' interest in learning, may promote their basic clinical skillstraining, improve their ability of clinical practice, and enhance their comprehensive quality. Meanwhile there stillexist some limitations and spaces for further improvement.


The invention relates to the field of fertilizer processing, particularly a chicken manure/pig manure mixed fermentation fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing chicken manure and pig manure in different ratios, adding effective microorganisms, straw powder or rice bran, calcium superphosphate and peat soil, compounding, and fermenting to obtain the chicken manure/pig manure mixed fermentation fertilizer. The nutritional ingredients of the chicken manure and pig manure are complementary, and the long-acting nutritional ingredients of the chicken manure are combined with the quick-acting nutritional ingredients of the pig manure, so that the nutritional ingredients of the chicken manure/pig manure mixed fermentation fertilizer are more comprehensive, reasonable and uniform than the single chicken manure or pig manure fermentation fertilizer, and more conform to the crop absorption law. By using the preparation method of chicken manure pig/manure mixed fermentation, on the premise of not prolonging the fermentation time, both of the two different substances can be completely fermented. Compared with the method of respectively fermenting chicken manure and pig manure and compounding, the preparation method provided by the invention reduces the fermentation field and equipment, shortens the fermentation time, and saves the labor cost.


Modeling the distributed effects of forest thinning on the long-term water balance and stream flow extremes for a semi-arid basin in the southwestern US H. A. Moreno, H. V. Gupta, D. D. White, and D. A. Sampson Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA


A novel method for palmprint recognition based on kernel principal component analysis(KPCA) and fisher linear discriminant(FLD) is presented.After the utilization of KPCA as a pre-processing step to reduce the dimensionality of a palmprint image,the 2D image matrices are then transformed into 1D image vectors.FLD has been used to extract feature vectors for all palmprint image vectors of PolyU palmprint database.Then the cosine distances between feature vectors are calculated to match palmprints.The experiment results show that the new method has lower equal error rate(EER),shorter time for the feature extraction and faster running speed than the traditional method when the principal component numbers are different.The recognition performance of radial basis function is the best among the three different types of kernels,because the equal error rate are zero.


The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in children with prolonged hepatitis A virus infection that may be a trigger factor for autoimmune hepatitis


This paper designs, simulates, and analyzes the S-band microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for wireless applications. FR-4 (lossy) and Rogger RT/duroid, whose dielectric permittivity is 4.3 and 2.2, respectively, have been used as substrate materials. Simulation is done by computer simulation technology (CST) suite studio 2019 software. Simulations with FR-4 material showed that the return loss was -20.405 dB, the gain was 2.592 dB, the directivity was 7.47 dBi, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was 1.221, the bandwidth (BW) was 0.0746 GHz, and the efficiency was 34.69%. Also, Rogers RT/duroid material gives results of a return loss of -12.542 dB, a bandwidth (BW) of 0.0349 GHz, a gain of 8.092 dB, a directivity of 8.587 dBi, and an efficiency of 94.24%. The main goal of this antenna is to have a low return loss while getting as close as possible to a VSWR of 1. This will improve the antenna's gain, directivity, and efficiency compared to other antennas. Copper was used to make the patch and the ground, which were 0.35 mm and 0.0077 mm thick, respectively. The results obtained from the proposed antenna were better than those previously published in various in modern scientific journal and conference papers.


The Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) is a test criterion proposed by NASA to measure the test set adequacy, especially in safety-critical systems. Existing works on test case generation for this criterion usually make use of greedy or meta-heuristic search techniques to construct a small test set. This paper studies the problem of generating optimal test set satisfying this criterion. It enumerates the size of test set from the theoretic lower-bound m + 1 to upper-bound 2m where m is the number of conditions that can be MC/DC covered, and then employs a SAT solver to decide whether there exists a test set with a given size, until a test set is found. We apply this method to benchmarks with no more than 25 conditions including dozens of instances collected from related works and millions of randomly generated ones. The experimental results indicate that most (more than 99%) of these instances can be MC/DC covered by a test set with only m + 1 test cases. Therefore, our SAT-based approach is efficient for generating optimal MC/DC test sets, since for most of the instances, it only invokes the SAT solver just once in the process of searching for minimal test set.


Smoke layer interface height is an important parameter in fire experiments. Traditional method is based on vertical temperature measured by thermocouple tree. However, this method may not work efficiently in large scale fire tests. A new technology to detect the smoke layer interface height in large scale fire tests by infrared beam fire detectors was brought forward in this paper to provide another better alternative choice.


Summary: Three trials were undertaken in Egypt, Morocco, and Niger under controlled test conditions to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in dromedaries against a range of important gastro-intestinal nematodes. Thirty-two naturally infested dromedaries were included in these studies; within pairs, dromedaries were randomly allocated to a treated or a control group based on body weight. Treated animals received a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin 1.0% w/v solution at adose of 200 \i.g/kg. Animals were slaughtered 14 to 29 days after treatment and the parasites remaining were recovered for identification and enumeration. Overall statistical analysis performed for each parasite demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) reductions of adult stages of Ostertagia spp., Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spathiger, Oesophagostomum spp. and Chabertia ovina. Although no Cooperia spp. were recovered from treated animals, the efficacy was not significant due to the variability of infection amongst the controls. Based on these results it is recommended that dromedaries be treated at least twice a year with ivermectin, once during the dry season and once at the beginning of the winter.


Objective To investigate the attack rate and prevalence rate of groin hernia in adults in Tianjin area.Method All investigate were training professional staff.Telephone numbers were drown randomly by stratified sampling and dished one by one.Having been selected as qualified client,they were investigated on phone according to questionnaire.Results The prevalence rate of groin hernia was found to be 0.02%,attack rate was found to be 0.06%.Conclusion The investigation basically reflected the true condition of groin hernia incidence in Tianjin area.


In the war of GOME, Huang Guangyu, the largest shareholder, harbored the view that the best developing mode was to expand the market quickly, which could have made GOME stronger and larger. In contrast, Chen Xiao, the former chairman of the board, believed that more emphasis should be put on increasing the efficiency of each individual store. This paper is based on the financial statements of GOMR, and its rival Suning Appliance to analysis these tow methods.