Objective To compare the clinical effect of renal transplantation between traditional cadaver donor and donation after cardiac death(DCD).Methods Clinical data of 70 patients who underwent renal transplantation in the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2012 to February 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.According to donor kidney source,70 patients were divided into DCD donor group(DCD group,n =22) and traditional cadaveric donor group(tradition group,n =48).Local ethical committee approval had been received and the informed consent of all participating subjects was obtained.Levels of the patients' blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(Scr) between two groups were compared at 7,14,28 d after transplantation.And the occurrence of complications and prognosis were also compared at 1 month after transplantation.Results The levels of BUN and Scr of DCD group at 7,14 d after transplantation were significantly higher than those of traditional group(all in P 0.01).And Scr level of DCD group at 28 d after transplantation was significantly higher than that of traditional group(P 0.05),but there was no significant difference in BUN level between the two groups(P 0.05).Compared with traditional group,incidence rate of delayed graft function(DGF),acute rejection,infection,transplant nephrectomy and mortality of DCD group was significantly higher,and the difference was significant(all in P 0.01).Conclusions The recovery of renal function of DCD donor is not as good as that of traditional cadaveric donor at the early stage after transplantation.And the incidences of complications and mortality are also significantly higher than those in traditional cadaveric donor renal transplantation.


Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) material has many advantages for high-efficiency thin-film solar cell absorber layer. A detailed study of the surface of the CZTS and the hetero-interface of the CZTS/buffer layer is important to improve the conversion efficiency of CZTS thin film solar cells. We investigated the surface condition of the CZTS films by carrying out the surface treatment using bromine solution. The activation energy of the etching using bromine solution was estimated from the slope of the line fitting the graph of the temperature dependence of the etching rate. The activation energy is about 0.35 eV. This value suggests that etching mechanism of CZTS using bromine solution is diffusion-limited process. There were no significant changes in the structural characteristics after surface treatment by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. From the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, a relative surface composition was shifted to Cu- and Zn-rich phase after surface treatment. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


ABSTRACT This article explores the effect of the 1996 Constitution and the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act on motor vehicle insurance. I illustrate that the use of some traditional rating variables is suspect by referring to foreign case law and provisions in the 1996 Constitution and the Act. I provide a number of arguments in favour of and against the continued use of these traditional rating variables. I also discuss the use of 'neutral' variables such as average mileage per insurance period, vehicle use and vehicle ownership and conclude that insurance companies should rather utilise 'neutral' variables instead of the traditional, 'suspect' criteria, although credible arguments exist in favour of sex and age motor vehicle insurance discrimination.


In this article, we take advantage of the quasi-experimental situation of the 2013 legalization program for Senegalese citizens in Argentina to study its effects on immigrant street hawkers' incorporation into the formal labor market, their working conditions, social integration, and collective mobilization. In order to understand the impact of legalization programs, it is important to acknowledge that in informal labor markets, the effects of amnesties are likely less pronounced than in predominantly formal markets. Furthermore, the scope of socioeconomic rights granted to unauthorized migrants and migrants' subjective expectations and aspirations need to be taken into consideration. Based on 50 in-depth interviews and a small N survey, our study suggests that the legalization effect on Senegalese street hawkers' access to the formal sector is limited. However, legal status does benefit migrants' subjective well-being and their disposition to engage in collective action for labor and human rights.


It discloses a process for preparing polycrystalline silicon by thermal decomposition of silane. The method generally involves the reaction of silane under operating conditions in a fluidized bed reactor thermal decomposition, which generates a high productivity with respect to the conventional production method.


In this paper, I provide a novel approach to the issue of religious diversity: I reject classical pluralist approaches to the issue, such as John Hick's, and argue that their attempts to construe commonalities between the religions are contrived. The reason that they attempt to find commonalities at all costs is that they presuppose a bivalent notion of truth according to which that which is different is false. I suggest that, in order to get a robust theory on religious diversity off the ground, we should rely on the notion of justification rather than that of bivalent truth. Justification is pluralizable, dependent upon the (epistemic) circumstances, whereas bivalent truth is not. Armed with a pluralizable notion of justification, we can acknowledge that other religious beliefs are genuinely different without necessarily being false: They can be justified, given the (epistemic) circumstances a believer of a different religion is in. Perceiving religious differences in this way allows to liberate the interreligious dialogue from the pressure to find commonalities between religions at all costs, to respect the religious Other in her Otherness, and to 'mirror' one's own religion in light of other religions.


Sago palms are the main food crops in eastern part  of Indonesia. Sago productivity can reach 20 to 40 per ha per year, and the trees can be harvested when they are 10 years of age. Due to long duration before harvesting it is important that sago growers could grow annual food crops. The objective of study is to determine the growth of sago palm intercropped with eggplants, and how intercropping aff ects each crop grown as monoculture. The study was carried out from March to July 2018 at Tanjung Peranap Village, Meranti Island District, Riau Province, Indonesia. The experiment was organized in a completely randomized block design with two replications, with sago palm and eggplant as monoculture and as inter cropping. The results demonstrated that young sago palm did not suppress eggplant growth and vice versa. Therefore, eggplants can be planted between young sago palms.


In the context of the severe water shortage,serious water pollution,and ecological deterioration in China,the progressive development,significance,existing problems,and development directions of water resources protection are examined in terms of the water function zoning,supervision and management of sewage outlets into rivers,and protection of drinking water sources,which have practical significance and reference values for the supervision and management of water resources protection in China.


Not only Homo sapiens , but also Homo naledi , Homo heidelbergensis steinheimensis and Homo neanderthalensis buried their dead. Therefore, there is good reason to assume that Homo heidelbergensis and all its descendants possessed (and still possess) a soul. Moreover, one can suppose that Homo erectus and Homo naledi also possessed a soul. Contribution: The clear distinction between the immanent mind and the transcendent soul makes us aware that we humans are beings equally at home in immanence and transcendence. Humans have possessed a soul for a very long time, and not only Homo sapiens but also his ancestors and related species.


Purpose : To investigate the prognosis, survival rate and curve on the eyes for corneal dystrophy and corneal degeneration, we performed statistical analysis. Methods : Forty-one recipients (62 eyes) have received penetrating keratoplasty for corneal dystrophy and corneal degeneration for about 14 years from April 1984 to October 1997. We analyzed survival rate and curve on sex, age and type of corneal dystrophy and corneal degeneration. Results : Mean age was 35 years and sex distribution of recipient was predominant in female patients (M: 16 recipients, 19 eyes, F: 25 recipients, 43 eyes). In the causative disease of first keratoplasty, corneal dystrophy and corneal degeneration were 46 eyes and 16 eyes. Granular type was the most common type of keratoplasty. In 62 grafts, graft rejection was developed in 19 eyes (30.6%). Graft rejection periods ranged from 53 days to 10 years and 3 months. Mean graft rejection time was 2 years and 8 months. In this study, 5 years survival rate developed in 75% of corneal dystrophy and developed in 31% of corneal degeneration. The statistical analysis showed significant relationship between survival rate and disease type (p=0.0032, p0.05). Conclusions : This result suggests that corneal dystrophy was higher than corneal degeneration in survival rate with statistically significant difference. But sex and age did not have influence on survival rate.


In the presented work the ultra-performance liquid chromatographic/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. For identification of drugs, the Q-TOF mass spectrometer was operated in negative ionization mode and quantification was done using the MS/MS transitions at m/z 435.02 to 157.00 for valsartan and 295.80 to 204.94 for hydrochlorothiazide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Acquity UPLC TM BEH C 18 (100.0 × 2.1 mm, 1.7µm) column using isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-2mM ammonium acetate (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL for all the compounds. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was applied for pharmacokinetic study of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma.


Two Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding (TPGF) is a pure on-demand geographic greedy forwarding protocol for transmitting multimedia streams in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), which has explicit route discovery, i.e., a node greedily forwards a routing packet to the neighbor that is the closest one to the destination to build a route. Like most geographic routing protocols, TPGF is vulnerable to some greedy forwarding attacks, e.g., spoofing or modifying control packets. As the first research effort that investigates the secure routing protocol in WMSNs, in this paper, we identify vulnerabilities in TPGF and propose corresponding countermeasures, e.g., secure neighbor discovery and route discovery, and propose the SecuTPGF, an extended version of TPGF, which exactly follows the original TPGF protocol's routing mechanism but with enhanced security and reliability. The effectiveness of SecuTPGF is proved by conducting security analysis and evaluation experiments.


The utility model discloses an inner cone grinding fixture, which comprises a fixture bottom plate, wherein V-shaped iron blocks are mounted at the two ends of the fixture bottom plate; a front bracket and a back bracket are respectively and fixedly mounted at the front end and the back end of each V-shaped iron block; alloy cushion blocks are mounted on the two V-shaped lateral sides of each V-shaped iron block; adjusting cushion blocks are arranged below the alloy cushion blocks; a pressing block is arranged above each V-shaped iron block and is fixedly connected with the front bracket and the back bracket through locking screws; a pressing bar is mounted in the middle of the pressing block through threads and is over against a V-shaped opening of the corresponding V-shaped iron block; and a handle is arranged on the pressing bar. The fixture has the advantages that the positioning accuracy is high, the processing size stability is high, the pressing force is adjustable, the mounting and the clamping are convenient, and the use efficiency is high.


Small watershed comprehensive management in Shangluo mountains is very crucial to the ecological environment of Yangtze and Yellow River watersheds.According to experiences on small watershed comprehensive management in Shaanxi Shangnan county,some problems on the effect,engineering standard and management of small watershed in Shangluo mountains were analyzed and studied,and some measures were presented to improve the construction of small watershed comprehensive management in Shangluo mountains.


Objective: To provide reference for improving the quality of life of young cancer patients and implementing targeted and effective intervention measures by investigating and analyzing the current situation of quality of life of young cancer patients and its influencing factors. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to investigate and analyze 155 young cancer patients from four large Grade A hospitals in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, using questionnaires such as the general condition questionnaire, Herth hope index scale HHI, social support scale, and CARE-SF. Results: The total score of quality of life of young cancer patients was (34.38±17.16), the total score was low, indicating that young cancer patients had relatively good quality of life experience. Among them, the most influential factors were course of disease, followed by marriage, childbirth and age. At the same time, the quality of life of young cancer patients is correlated with the level of hope and social support. Conclusion: The quality of life of young cancer patients is affected by many factors. We should pay more attention to this special group in our clinical practice.


Do you remember the movie 'Patch Adams' which starred Robin Williams? It was about a US doctor who overcame many obstacles to study medicine as a mature age student. He almost failed to graduate after struggling with the arrogant and cold manner of the doctors who taught him and who treated their patients in the same way. Regarded as crazy by his peers and mentors, he broke through this perception when people began to see that his revolutionary ideas on health and healing possessed the signal merit of therapeutic efficacy.


The presence of vibrios, particularly Vibrio parahaemoluticus, in seafood and mussels were studied in order to determine seafood safety for consumption. Samples of 100 seafood of different origin were collected and analyzed by culture, using selective media including TCBS (Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile salts-Sucrose). Presumptive Vibrio colonies were isolated and identified using selected biochemical tests and biomolecular analyses. Total DNA from isolated blue-green colonies, with phenotypic and biochemical characteristics typical of V. parahaemolyticus, was extracted and PCR protocols for the specific detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tox-R gene and tl gene were performed; moreover, in toxR positive isolates thermostable direct haemolysin gene (tdh) and thermostable direct haemolysin-related gene (trh) were detected trough PCR. The isolates identified as Vibrio by traditional methods (N=58) were identified through sequencing of a fragment of rpo A gene. Out of 28 suspected V. parahaemolyticus, the identification was confirmed by sequencing and by PCR amplification of the tox-R and tl fragments in 6 isolates (21,4%). However these did not generate the amplicons of tdh and trh, suggesting these as non virulent strains. The remaining isolates were identified through sequencing as vibrios: V. alginolyticus (39,3%) and V. diabolicus (17,8%). The application of both biochemical and biomolecular identification systems contextually may provide a more accurate identification of Vibrio spp., including V. parahaemolyticus, particularly if environmental bacteria are present in the tested sample.


Azole-N-acetonitrile derivatives were utilized as synthons for an ambident carbonyl moiety via a strategy relying upon sequential base-mediated S N Ar substitution of a 2-halo heterocycle, in situ oxidation, and amine displacement. This strategy allows prompt and efficient synthesis of N-containing heteroaryl amides directly from the corresponding halides via a one-pot process.


Following the established procedure of the ACM Multimedia Conference, the best paper candidates were nominated by the technical program committee members of each track to compete for the Best Paper Award at the ACM Multimedia Conference. The nominated papers were selected based on their scientific value, their relevance to multimedia research, the inspiration that they could give to other researchers, their representativeness of the field, as well as their presentation quality. The best paper candidates represented the specialized fields of the multimedia community: the Content track, specializing in content analysis and understanding, processing and retrieval; the Systems and Networking track, specializing in operating system and networking support for multimedia applications ; the Applications track, specializing in multimedia tools, end-systems, applications and complete systems; and the Human-Centered Multimedia track, specializing in issues concerned with the user interaction and experiences with multimedia systems. As usual, papers were put through a rigorous review process, and only the papers with very high quality were accepted. Our best paper candidates are among the top accepted papers and are most representative of their respective tracks. Although only one of these candidates could finally win the Best Paper Award, we would like to recommend all of them to the multimedia community. TOMCCAP provides a natural venue for their presentation. We invited the authors of the four candidate papers to submit an extended version of their conference papers for this special issue. These invited articles have undergone peer review to ensure a sufficient extension with respect to the conference publication and the quality of journal. The best paper " Visual Query Suggestion " by Zha et al. from the application track received the ACM Multimedia 2009 Best Paper Award. Its extended version titled " Visual Query Suggestion: Towards Capturing User Intent in Internet Image Search " proposes a new query suggestion technique which simultaneously provides both keyword and image suggestions. It thus is able to help users specify and deliver their search intents in a more precise and efficient way. The proposed Visual Query Suggestion (VQS) performs image search using text search techniques and treats the selected image suggestion as a query example and refines the initial search results by exploiting visual information. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the proposed VQS system against three popular image search engines. The article " AudioVisual Atoms for Generic Video Concept Classification " by Jiang et al. is an extension …


: Water lubricated thrust bearings in reactor coolant pumps (RCP) experience thermal transient processes during the accident conditions. A thermal-solid coupling model is developed for the thermal transient processes by finite element method. Based on the developed model, conventional double-layer and triple-layer thrust pads are analyzed to obtain the surface deformation during the thermal transient processes. In particularly, the effect of the thickness of heat insulation layer in triple-layer pad on surface deformation is discussed. Subsequently, several suppression methods to reduce the concave deformation of the pad surface are analyzed. The simulations indicate that the leading mechanism of forming the concave deformation is the uneven distribution of tile surface temperature field during the thermal transient processes. With this understanding, a new type of thrust pad having the edge of the thrust pad surface wrapped is proposed, which is verified by simulation to efficiently reduce the concave deformation during the thermal transient processes. This work provides a new thought to design the thrust pad of the water lubricated thrust bearings in RCP.


GERDA, the GERmanium Detector Array experiment, is a new double beta-decay experiment which is currently under construction in the INFN National Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS), Italy. It is implementing a new shielding concept by operating bare Ge diodes - enriched in Ge-76 - in high purity liquid argon supplemented by a water shield. The aim of GERDA is to verify or refute the recent claim of discovery, and, in a second phase, to achieve a two orders of magnitude lower background index than recent experiments. The paper discusses motivation, physics reach, design and status of construction of GERDA, and presents some R&D results.


Since the prestigious optical theodolite Wild T3, Leica Geosystems AG Heerbrugg, has continually innovated in the high accurate geodetic instrumentation for the monitoring of the large civilian engineering structure. Mixing up single and multi-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS receivers and Automatic Total Stations as well as with the most precise inclinometers in its software suites GNSS Spider, GNSS QC and GeoMoS, Leica Geosystems is delivering solutions worldwide for all large engineering structures where a geodetic monitoring solution is needed alone or to complement geo-technical sensors installations and to provide early warning systems for risk management. Monitoring tasks and deformation analysis present some of the most sophisticated challenges in the surveying industry today, because they require the highest accuracy, maximum reliability of the sensors, automatic measurements, and highly flexible computation and analysis tools.


In this study, Al/SnS/PS/n-Si/Al photodiode was fabricated and investigated. SnS thin film were prepared by thermal evaporation technique on porous silicon layer which prepared by anodization technique at 32mA/cm2 etching current density and etching time 15min.The characteristics of porous silicon and SnS were investigated by using x-ray diffraction XRD, atomic force microscopy AFM, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy FT-IR.Dark and illuminated current-voltage I-V characteristics, spectral responsivity, specific detectivity of photodiode were investigated after depositing. Significant improvement in photosensitivity and detectivity of porous silicon photodiode after SnS deposition on porous silicon was noticed.


This paper discusses in detail the process undertaken to mitigate the effects of any future mine subsidence on prison structures proposed above old abandoned underground workings. The site for a proposed prison complex purchased by the State of Indiana was located in west-central Indiana and was undermined by an old abandoned room and pillar mine. The original plan for construction consisted of one phase. Based on a study of the mine map and subsurface verification of the extent of mining it was determined that all prison buildings and important structures could be placed above solid coal to the north. One masomy building, however, was located within the potential draw zone of mine works which still contained significant mine voids. Based on empirical data the subsidence potential was estimated and the building was accordingly designed to be mine subsidence resistant It was decided that a phase two prison complex should be constructed adjacent to and just south of the Phase I complex. This complex would be directly above the underground workings. The first stage of design was to minimi7.e subsidence potential by positioning the exposure of significant structures to the subjacent mining assuming the mine map was sufficiently accurate. Subsequently, an extensive subsurface investigation program was then undertaken to: 1. ascertain whether or not mine areas where buildings would be located were already collapsed and thus only nominal, if any, subsidence could occur in the future; and 2. verify the presence of solid coal areas within the mine as indicated on the mine map. Based on all the site information gathered subsidence profiles were developed from an empirical data base of subsidence events in the Illinois Coal Basin. As a result of this work many structures on the site required no or nominal subsidence considerations. For others that could be potentially affected by future subsidence movement, however, preliminary subsidence resistant designs were completed using the expected level of potential subsidence movement. The estimated costs to make each of these structure subsidence resistant was significant. Mine backfilling measures were taken at these structure locations. Additional


Conventional matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs uses hydrochloric acid to remove formation damage and stimulate well performance. Many experimental and theoretical studies in carbonate acidizing have confirmed the existence of an optimal acid injection rate at which major wormholes are formed, and the benefit from stimulation is maximized. This optimal rate depends on reservoir conditions, rock properties and chemical reaction rate. At high reservoir temperature, the optimal rate of hydrochloric acid is usually too high, and it sometimes is beyond the maximum injection allowed (the rate to avoid fracturing formation). In this case, weak acids, such as acetic acid, are alternative fluids to stimulate the wells. In our previous study, a theoretical model showed that under the same condition, the optimal injection rate for weak acids is relatively lower than the one for strong acids. This paper presents an experimental study of the wormholing process in carbonate acidizing with acetic acid. Carbonate rock samples were acidized, and the effectiveness of the process and the optimal injection rate were studied by measuring the acid volume needed to propagate wormholes through the cores and by making castings of the wormhole structures after acidizing. The experimental results from this study confirmed that the optimal injection rate of acetic acid is lower than the optimal rate for hydrochloric acid. It also showed from the castings that the radius of wormholes created by acetic acid at the optimal rate is larger than that created by hydrochloric acid at the optimal rate. We then demonstrate how these results can be used to determine the optimal acid system and injection schedule for field application.


Conventional extraction methods such as liquid-liquid extraction for organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are tedious, time consuming, environmental unfriendly, hazardous to the operator, and use large volumes of organic solvents. These problems are addressed by the synthesis and development of two extraction methods based on two new in-house sol-gel nanosorbents for use in solid phasebased extraction. The two new nanomaterials, namely cyanopropyltriethoxysilane (CNPrTEOS) and silica nanoparticles functionalized with CNPrTEOS (SiO2-NPs- CNPrTEOS) were prepared via a sol-gel process. Synthesized sorbents were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and nitrogen adsorption analysis. The particle sizes of both nanomaterials were between 20 to 500 nm with high surface areas of 379 m2 g-1 and 570 m2 g-1 for CNPrTEOS and SiO2-NPs- CNPrTEOS, respectively. The effects of several sol-gel synthesis parameters were evaluated to optimize sorbent extraction efficiency and increase the extraction of polar and non-polar OPPs simultaneously. The selected OPPs were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The synthesized CNPrTEOS was successfully applied as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent to extract three selected OPPs, namely dicrotophos, diazinon and chlorpyrifos. The synthesised SiO2-NPs-CNPrTEOS material was used as new sorbent in SPE and dispersive micro solid phase extraction (D-µ-SPE). Several effective extraction parameters in SPE and D-µ-SPE were optimized. The proposed SPE method based on CNPrTEOS and SiO2-NPs-CNPrTEOS exhibited good linearity between 0.3-100 µg L-1, high enrichment factor (833-1666) and low (0.088-0.214 µg L-1) limits of detection (LODs = 3 × SD/m). Finally, the proposed D-µ-SPE method based on the SiO2-NPs-CNPrTEOS successfully determined the selected polar and non polar OPPs in water samples with excellent recoveries (101.21-109.12%). LODs at ultratrace level (0.047-0.059 µg L-1) were obtained with 10 min of extraction time, small amount of sorbent (50 mg) and low organic solvent volume (150 µL). The LODs obtained using the proposed SPE and D-µ-SPE methods were well below the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union and LODs of commercial CN-SPE cartridges. The developed environmentally friendly methods using SPECNPrTEOS, SPE-SiO2-NPs-CNPrTEOS and D-µ-SPE-SiO2-NPs-CNPrTEOS provided precise, accurate and excellent recoveries of OPPs from water samples. These new sol-gel materials showed high potential for use as sorbent in solid phasebased extraction of pesticides of variety polarity.


Many applications of high frequency (HF) propagation via the ionosphere (e.g., bearing-fingers, single station location, utilization of oblique ionograms and so on) demand a determination of distance from radio wave transmitters to receivers. It is shown that main errors of the distance determination are introduced by errors of angle measurements and errors of model description of propagation conditions. Since it is unable essentially to lower the first type of errors in real conditions the main attention must be paid to the increase of the model ionospheric description precision. For this purpose the correction of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by total electron content TEC-GPS data is used. Results of maximum usable frequency MUF and ground range D determination are compared with results of the IRI model adaptation by means of vertical sounding (VS) data.


The present invention relates to antigen binding molecules (ABM). In certain embodiments, the present invention is a chimeric antibody which is specific for human CD20, primatized antibodies or a humanized antibody, relates to recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the present invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding such ABM, as well as vectors and host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecules. The present invention further relates to methods of using these ABM in the treatment of ABM method for producing and diseases, the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention has an improved therapeutic properties, including antibodies with increased and increased effector function of the Fc receptor binding, it relates ABM having glycosylation modifications.


This paper introduces the application of IOT technology in the communication room monitoring and asset management in Hubei electric power company, consists of the design of general construction, hierarchical structure and functions. Target for the effective management of communication room power and environment monitoring, communication resources and site operation, applying monitoring and communication features of IOT, to make fast and reasonable configuration of communication resources at benefit maximization, support for the information level of communication room operational & maintenance.


In recent years,with the deep research of active compensation,many active compensation products have been produced in the market.Because of the limited power switching device technology,the capacity of these products to a certain extent is restricted,and the application still has limitations.This paper proposes a new kind of hybrid compensation.It makes full use of quadrant operation rule for active compensation,not only make the mixing device capacity increase exponentially,but more suitable for large variable load.It has obvious advantages especially in the application of electrified railways.


This article takes as its starting point representations of women and the family, and discussions of love by surrealist and avant-garde practitioners from Spain and France published mainly in literary reviews from the 1920s and 1930s. Given the male heterosexual bias of the surrealist and avant-garde groups in Spain and France, it is perhaps unsurprising that a majority of their discussions of love necessarily invoke representations of women. In the first section of this article, I examine some of these male-authored representations of women, juxtaposing them with female-authored contributions to the debate on women. I aim to demonstrate that the heterogeneous spaces of the reviews facilitated a plurality of representations of women which is, perhaps, more difficult to locate elsewhere in other media. In the second section of the article I focus on representations of the family in order to consider the problematic relationship between surrealist and avant-garde writers and the domestic unit. The family and its home as primary locus of domesticity recur in texts from this period despite being repeatedly condemned by authors on both sides of the Pyrenees. I compare the extent to which these writers sought to do away with the domestic space with the extent to which they were fascinated by its possible recuperation in a new discourse on love. The heterogeneity of the review space is neatly exemplified in the French surrealist literary periodical, La Révolution surréaliste, published between 1924 and 1929, through the varied portrayals of women printed on its pages. Conservative and misogynistic representations of women sit alongside images of women that appear to offer more optimistic possibilities both for the woman reader and practitioner. In issue eleven of La Révolution surréaliste, in 'Recherches sur la sexualité' (1928), André Breton, head of the Parisian surrealist group, Pierre Unik, fellow review contributor, and other members of the group argue whether it is necessary to consult a woman on her sexual preferences prior to


Many community leaders view economic development as the primary strategy for improving social well-being. One approach to economic development is enhancing the local labor force's human capital through formal education. In this article, we use a social capital framework to analyze how local institutions, specifically families and schools, affect educational achievement among public school students. We explore how social capital in the broader community context mediates the effects of family and school social capital on keeping students in school. Using hierarchical linear models to estimate these contributions, the results reaffirm the vital role of family social capital. They also show that attributes of school and community social capital make important contributions to staying in school. Our results suggest strategies that community development practitioners and local leaders can use to enhance educational outcomes and, in turn, the economic vitality of communities.


This study was designed to develop and validate the Home Musical Environment Scale (HOMES), a 15-item parent sell- reporting measure to assess the home musical environment. The initial contents (content validity) of the HOMES represented a variety of aspects of parental musical attitudes and efforts in pro- viding a nurturing musical environment as identified in the litera- ture and present in available measures. After a panel of experts revised the instrument, it was tested with 157 second-grade children and their parents. The analysis revealed an alpha relia- bility of *86 and the factor analysis uncovered four factors (scales) with eigen values over 1-0, which accounted for 63 per cent of the variance. Concurrent validity was established by comparing the scores on the HOMES with the music teacher's perception of the subjects' home musical environment. Results showed that three of the four scales were significantly related to the teacher's per- ception. These results suggest that the HOMES may be used by parents to improve their home musical environments, by music teachers wishing to encourage parents of their students, and finally by researchers hoping to learn more about the musical develop- ment of children.


Three-dimensional magnetic confinement of neutrons is reported. Neutrons are loaded into an Ioffe-type superconducting magnetic trap through inelastic scattering of cold neutrons with ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}.$ Scattered neutrons with sufficiently low energy and in the appropriate spin state are confined by the magnetic field until they decay. The electron resulting from neutron decay produces scintillations in the liquid helium bath that results in a pulse of extreme ultraviolet light. This light is frequency downconverted to the visible and detected. Results are presented in which $500\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}155$ neutrons are magnetically trapped in each loading cycle, consistent with theoretical predictions. The lifetime of the observed signal, ${660}_{\ensuremath{-}170}^{+290} \mathrm{s},$ is consistent with the neutron beta-decay lifetime.


The development of processes based on the integration of new technologies is of growing interest to industrial catalysis. Recently, significant efforts have been focused on the design of catalytic membrane reactors to improve process performance. In particular, the use of membranes, that allow a selective permeation of water from the reaction mixture, positively affects the reaction evolution by improving conversion for all reactions thermodynamically or kinetically limited by the presence of water. In this paper, how pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (VP) technologies can improve the catalytic performance of reactions of industrial interest is considered. Specifically, technological approaches proposed in the literature are discussed with the aim of highlighting advantages and problems encountered in order to address research towards the optimization of membrane reactor configurations for liquid biofuel production in large scale.


ABSTRACT Significance Adopting a risk stratification system and appropriate listing of cases reduces the rates of intraoperative complications during phacoemulsification. Such listing would allow both safe surgery and enhance training, by ensuring an appropriately experienced surgeon is available to operate on a case or supervise and teach a junior surgeon. Purpose To assess if the application of a simple, robust, validated preoperative scoring system can reduce the rates of intraoperative complications if patients are assigned to the appropriately experienced surgeon's list and surgical time is modified accordingly. Methods Prospective data collection. One thousand one hundred and thirty five (1135) consecutive patients undergoing phakoemulsification cataract surgery were assessed preoperatively according to weighted criteria. According to the points of risk they accumulated using this system, the patients were preoperatively allocated to one of the four risk groups. The total rate of intraoperative complications for each risk group as well as the rate of each reported complication for each risk group was calculated. Results The rate of intraoperative complications through the risk groups was 1 = 0.62%, 2 = 0.44%, 3 = 0.18%, and 4 = 0% (P = .005). Thirty-seven per cent 37% (n = 420) of all operations were performed on eyes of patients carrying at least one risk factor for intraoperative complications. The overall rate of any intraoperative complication was 1.2% (n = 14). There was a 0.4% (n = 5) rate of a posterior capsule tear with 2 of these cases with vitreous loss. Conclusions Risk stratification, allowing adequate theatre time and appropriate surgical experience, can reduce the rates of intraoperative complications. The risk stratification system allows for better planning of surgical lists and could be used as a transition for those trainees deemed to have sufficient experience for the more 'challenging' cases under adequate supervision.


Furuno FQ-80 Scientific Echo Sounder can be performed on dual-frequency capabilities, 38 kHz and 120 kHz, as an individually or simultaneously. Measurement of target strength (TS) for Selar boops (Oxeye scad) had been deployed using FQ-80 on 228 dB and 236 dB of source level (SL) at low and high frequency, respectively. The fish were sited in the net cage at the bottom of the vessel. TS value, depth, and position (x-y-z) of single fish which detected at every ping at low and high frequency has been observed from recorded echogram using FQ-80 Analyzer. Fish TS detected at low and high frequency are ranging from -47.40 to -38.33 dB with the average of -44.49 dB and -45.19 to -42.76 dB with the average of -43.96 dB. Thus, fish TS detected at higher frequency is stronger than at lower frequency.


Research on medieval shoemaking allowed for the identification of several structural and stylistic types of Pomeranian footwear. In the 12th–14th century in Pomerania there were no products actually directly derived from ancient traditions. One of the most important stages of this type of production in the Early Middle Ages was the transition from single-piece footwear to complex forms with the soles and upper parts sewn together. Along with the dynamic widespread use of multi-piece products, new sewing techniques allowing the maker to hide the stitches inside the footwear also quickly developed. It not only improved the footwear's appearance, but also it made it more impermeable to water. The typical varied nature of activities carried out within a single household does not rule out the existence of a separate shoemaking craft supplying customers. From the late 11th to the mid-12th century changes occurred that significantly influenced the further development of this branch of production. A variety of additional footwear elements of both construction and aesthetic nature quickly became popular. In the late 12th and early 13th century it had already become the norm to stitch binding on the inside of a shoe lace hole to protect it from wear and to use a heel stiffener to strengthen the back of the quarter. In the second half of the 12th–early 13th century the dominant form was footwear with a low, ankle-high quarter, fastened by a single shoelace. Mid-high products of a quarter covering the ankle and extending over it became more common. In the mid-13th century, apart from the diversity of the product range, clear signs of quality and aesthetic changes are evident. They are evidence of a larger social diversity amongst consumers. About the mid-13th century the design innovations introduced in the 12th century were consolidated, while the look and shape of individual components of footwear was changeable. The features of shoemaking in the later stages of the Middle Ages were slender, pointed, strongly profiled soles. There are also soles composed of two or three parts as well as more multi-layered ones. In the youngest stages of the Middle Ages additional elements on the bottoms of shoes were noted: outsoles and heels. Their shape and manner of fastening is evidence that they were made deliberately during the production of new footwear and not during its repair. Essentially the same in terms of the design, the shoe uppers differed in quarter height, shape and design and complementary inserts, the manner of fastening, the width of the opening of the shoe, decoration and other minor features. Quite clearly, especially in the second half of the 13th–14th century, there was a division between everyday or working footwear and the enhanced aesthetic value that can be associated with festive attire. At this time the number of children's shoes produced also significantly increased. At least some part of the changes taking place in Pomeranian shoemaking in the 12th century, especially in its second half, can be associated with the adoption of Western fashion patterns. The canons of costume formed in this century survived for nearly two and a half centuries, until about the mid-14th century. Medieval leather working was not limited to footwear. In materials from excavations it is difficult, however, to detect furriers' products and costume elements made of thin grain leather (cloaks, hoods, leggings, headdress or robes). The presence of furrier products in the case of archaeological finds is confirmed only by z Products made from grain leather are mainly belts, various cases and bags, gloves, and sometimes identifiable parts of weaponry. The most evident differences between leather products from the early and the late Middle Ages are the sheaths. About the mid-13th century specimens with specific iron fittings with a long ferrule began to appear. They soon replaced traditional fittings of non-ferrous metals. The fashion for decorating the sheaths' edges by cutting geometric patterns into their lower parts became popular. The smallest stylistic variability is evident in pouches. To the southern coast of the Baltic Sea res novae arrived relatively quickly, although a more noticeable boom took place in the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. Changes perceptible in the style of Pomeranian leather products in the second half of the 13th–first half of the 14th century may result from the standards included in guild statutes, strictly regulating the scope of activities and quality of products.oological analyses.


Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of soil-transmitted nematodes in Santai,Mianyang for prevention and control.Methods All residents above aged 3 were selected as survey sample,whose stool samples were collected and examined with Kato-Katz method,3 tests for each sample to check the eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes.Meanwhile,cellophane tape method was adopted to check the eggs of pinworm for children aged from 3 to 12.15 families were selected randomly to test their soil in various environment to identify larva of America or duodenal hook worms.Results Four types of soil-transmitted nematodes were found from 1 007 residents investigated.The total infection rate was 8.17%(82/1 007),among which roundworm 0.70% (7/1 007),hookworm 6.95% (70/1 007),Whipworm 0.10% (1/1 007),and pinworm 3.42% (4/117).There were statistical differences in infection rate among the worms (x2=200.56,P<0.05).The infection rate of men and women was 7.50% and 8.73%,respectively with no statistical difference(x2=0.51,P> 0.05).The infection rate was higher among over 50 years old and low level of education individuals.The highest infection rate(8.53%) was found in farmers.Hookworm eggs were found positive in 7 out of the 15 soil samples examined.Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was decreasing in Santai.Farmers and individuals with little education had a higher rate of infection.Effective measures should be taken to reduce infection rate in those people.

Key words:
Soil-transmitted nematodes;  Monitor;  Analysis


Rolling bearing is a key component of rotating machines, its working state directly affects the performance and safety of the whole equipment. Deep learning based on big data is a mainstream means of intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis. The key lies in enhancing fault feature and improving diagnosis accuracy. Different from the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) which relies on the convolution layer to extract the image features, the Vision Transformer (VIT) uses the multi-head attention mechanism to establish the relationship among the pixels in an image. In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis, a new fault diagnosis method based on VIT is proposed. The vibration gray texture images to be input are divided into the patches according to the predetermined size and linearly mapped into input sequences, and the global image information is integrated through the self-attention mechanism to realize fault diagnosis. In order to enhance the expressiveness and generalization ability, the pooling layer is introduced into VIT. The tested results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy of VIT on the test set reaches 94.6%, and the corresponding classification indexes top-1 is 84.2% and top-5 is 95.0%. The accuracy of the new Pooling Vision Transformer (PIT) is 3.3% higher than that of the original VIT, which proves that the introduction to pooling layer can improve the image identification performance of VIT.


This paper presents the application of laboratory X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (XAFS) in the field of iron coordination chemistry, especially for compounds with larger organic ligands and usually low...


Large aperture periodically poled Rb-doped KTiOPO 4 (PPRKTP) with good domain homogeneity over a 5 mm 2 aperture has been proven very useful for high-energy output optical parametric oscillators (OPO) [1] . So far, large aperture quasi-phase matched (QPM) devices have only been demonstrated for long periods, on the range of 30-40 µm. Typically, these periods satisfy parametric processes pumped at 1µm. Nevertheless, shrinking the period an order of magnitude would allow for high-energy applications pumped at shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, it would be of major interest for quantum optics, as for a given intensity of the pump laser, the spontaneous parametric down conversion process will scale linearly with increasing area of illumination of the pump laser. Moreover, if the grating period for large aperture crystals can be further reduced, it would be possible to achieve high-energy backward-wave parametric processes. However, fabricating thick PPRKTP is challenging due to the difficulty of propagating the domain grating throughout the whole crystal thickness with minimal domain broadening. This becomes even more problematic when the grating period is as small as 3.43 µm.


Although protein‐polymer phosphors are an emerging photon‐management filter concept for hybrid light‐emitting diodes, deep‐red‐emitting devices based on archetypal fluorescent proteins (FPs; mCherry) are still poorly performing with lifetimes <50 h under high photon‐flux excitation and ambient conditions. Here, the challenge is two‐fold: i) understanding the deactivation mechanism of red‐emitting FP‐polymer coatings and, in turn, ii) identifying the best polymer design for highly stable devices. This study first provides comprehensive photophysical/thermal/structural studies and device degradation (ambient/inert) analysis, revealing the presence of photo‐induced cis–trans isomerization and the effect of oxygen and water on the deactivation of mCherry in reference polymer coatings. Based on these findings, a new bio‐phosphor configuration using polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, in which crystallinity and amount of trapped water (stiffness and oxygen/moisture barriers) are easily controlled by the hydroxylation degree, is successfully achieved. Compared to the prior art, these devices significantly outperform the reference stability (>50‐fold enhancement), showing a brightness loss of <5% over the first 2000 h and a final device lifetime of 2600 h. Hence, this study describes a unique rationale toward designing polymers to stabilize FPs for lighting, overpassing stability frontiers in deep‐red hybrid light‐emitting diodes (HLEDs) going from hours to months.


A 50-year-old male presented with progressive breathlessness and generalised muscular weakness for the last 10 days. He felt extremely weak and could barely walk due to breathlessness. His dyspnoea was increased when lying down and decreased by an upright posture. He had no other respiratory or cardiac symptoms. Can you diagnose this middle-aged man with generalised weakness and dyspnoea? http://ow.ly/mSuQ30dxQ5o


This study addresses itself to the election campaigns of political parties in Finland and the changes which have taken place over time. Political parties are no longer strictly defined by ideology-rigid class structures have disappeared; and the primary hypothesis is that the parties have grown increasingly similar with respect to propaganda techniques and voter orientation. The empirical data in this study are based on the election platforms and campaign posters of the four largest parties in preparation for the parliamentary elections of 1954, 1966, 1975, 1987 and 1991. In order to elucidate the election propaganda of the political parties even further, a partial examination has been made of election campaign advertising by individual parties and candidates in four political affiliated newspapers as well as in an independent daily newspaper.

The primary hypothesis is clearly supported by this research: political parties have structured their rhetoric to appeal to all voters as opposed to having earlier directed their message to a traditional voter class/category, such as farmers, manual workers and white collar workers. The Communist party platform of 1975, which displayed a high degree of class/category specific orientation, constitutes an exception from this rule. The use of offensive propaganda has decreased, but there are exceptions from this rule as well. This article serves as a summary of the main findings of my licentiate thesis in political science at the Abo Academy University.


This paper presents an example of how expected climate change effects have been factored into hydrological planning for the Ebro River basin in Spain. Between now and 2030, a 5% reduction in the basin's water resources is foreseen, along with a drop in the hydrographs' snow component and an increase in dry periods. This article explores the several measures to help reduce the basin's vulnerability to climate change as considered in the technical component of the Ebro Basin Hydrological Plan 2010–2015. These adaptation tools include wastewater treatment, control of water intakes, water reuse, agro-environmental measures, modernization of irrigated areas, improvement of urban water supplies, removal of contaminated sediments, improvement of regulation infrastructure to ensure water supply and control inundations, optimization of hydroelectric exploitation, and improvement of drought and flood management.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of children without diapers, the age at which toilet training started and the mother's expectation related to the acquisition of this millestone in a birth cohort. Methods: All children born in 2004 in Pelotas were enrolled in a longitudinal study. At the age of 12 months they were assessed for their development. Mothers were questioned about the beginning of toilet training and parental expectations about the age at which daytime toilet training should be completed. Differences between groups were assessed using chi-squared tests for heterogeneity and linear trend. Results: At 12 months of age 14,7% of the mothers had begun daytime toilet training. Only 2,2% of the mothers were provided guidance by pediatricians about removing diapers. The groups of mothers with higher prevalence of starting toilet training at 12 months were the ones from the first economic quintil, 5-8 years of schooling, adolescents and older than 40 years. Two thirds of the mothers think the ideal moment to remove diapers is before the 18 months; 1,3% of children were without diapers during the day. Conclusions: Toilet training began early in a significant number of children, being insignificant the proportion of mothers who received guidance from pediatricians.


Background Progressive overloads of intrahepatic triglycerides are related to metabolic dysregulation of multiple lipid and lipoprotein profiles, but whether similar dose effects are found in each subtype of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unclear. We aimed to characterize the lipid profiles associated with liver fat content (LFC) in MAFLD patients who were overweight, lean/normal weight, or had diabetes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling 1,182 consecutive participants (144 non-MAFLD and 1,038 MAFLD) who underwent MRI proton density fat fraction measurement (MRI-PDFF) from 2011 to 2020. Lipid and apolipoprotein profiles, free fatty acid (FFA), liver and metabolism parameters, and anthropometric measurements were also assessed. Results MAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes or overweight/obesity had a higher proportion of abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles than those who were lean/normal weight. The degree of LFC had a positive correlation with total cholesterol, triglyceride, ApoB, and ApoE in patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. In those with overweight/obesity, there were dose–response relationships between moderate-to-severe steatosis and total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c, LDL-c, ApoB, ApoE, and Lp(a). A similar trend was observed for triglyceride in those with type 2 diabetes and for HDL-c in patients who were lean/normal weight (all p for trend <0.05). The combined model of relative lipid-related markers performed well in the prediction of moderate-to-severe steatosis (AUC: 0.762 for overweight/obesity; 0.742 for lean/normal weight). Conclusion LFC was associated with lipid profiles, including triglyceride, LDL-c, ApoB, ApoE, and FFA. These relationships were varied by the phenotype of MAFLD according to its diagnostic flow.


Purpose . The aim of the research is to search for and develop a universal method that allows calculating the parameters of railroad tracks in railway stations by the safety criterion. Technique . It is established that when performing maneuvers at stations, there is a prohibition on the automatic coupling of the rolling stock when it stops in curved sections of the track. This is due to the prevailing uncertainty in the precise definition of the safe conditions for the interaction of rolling stock. In practice, this causes the need to monitor the process of cohesion of wagons involved employees. The existing methods of calculation make it possible to determine the conditions for effective interaction only in circular and s-shaped curves without a straight section and have a number of limitations on the application. However, the conducted analysis of the circuits of the track development of existing stations made it possible to allocate almost two dozen fairly common design interaction conditions. The most accessible and universal way, providing a result close to the experiment, is the simulation of the process of cohesion of rolling stock on sections of paths of different configurations. To create a model, it is necessary to implement an algorithm that includes the solution of a number of problems: 1) the creation of a mathematical model of the path section under study; 2) simulation of the position of the interacting cars and their consoles at any point of the investigated section of the track; 3) determination of the trajectories of the axes of coupling of the automatic couplings of wagons and lines, characterizing the distance between the axle of coupling of cars (total removal of consoles), as well as the effective gripping width of automatic couplings, depending on the geometry of the track; 4) simulation of the conditions of interaction between two cars and determining the effectiveness of automatic coupling. Results . The use of computer simulation allows significantly expanding the possibilities of investigating the conditions for the interaction of wagons on sections with different geometric parameters. Thus, the conditions and the character of the interaction processes of the automatic couplers of wagons (on the example of a long-platform platform with a length of 26,22 m) are defined on the sections of conjugation of a circular curve with a straight and s-shaped curve without a straight insertion, when the wagon is not placed entirely on the curve ( l c  < 2 l + n ). The method makes it possible to determine the restrictions on the use of s-shaped curves with direct insertion. As a result of the simulation, the lengths and sizes of the radii of the curves are obtained, which ensure the efficiency of performing automatic clutch operations with long-wheel wagons. It is established that the design and dimensions of some long-wheelbase wagons do not provide the conditions of adhesion on the switches of grades 1/6 and 1/9. Such wagons should be allocated to a separate category of extra-long-wheelbase, for the use of appropriate security measures in the shunting work with them. In addition, the size of the zone is determined, within which the conditions for the interaction of wagons are not ensured, which is important for placing freight fronts and other structures in connection with the railroad development plan. Scientific novelty . An imitating model of the process of interaction of wagons on sections of paths of various designs has been developed. In this case, the additional transverse displacement is taken into account when determining the coordinates of each trolley separately. Its computerization allows to investigate the parameters of railway structures and to establish the requirements for the design and geometric parameters of the track, which ensure the effectiveness of the cohesion of the wagons. Some types of wagons have been established, the execution of maneuvers with which can create critical conditions for interaction. Practical importance . Formalization of the conditions creating restrictions on the performance of shunting operations makes it possible to identify wagons that create unfavorable conditions for interaction, to localize the most dangerous sections of tracks at stations and to allocate safe technological routes for skipping long-distance wagons. The use of simulation results in the design and reconstruction of railway stations will minimize the participation of a person in the process of coupling cars, improve the efficiency and safety of shunting operations, and extend the use of automation systems in the future. The developed simulation model also makes it possible to perform an assessment of the conditions for ensuring safe approach gauge in railway transport.


ABSTRACT The research entitled "The influence of the use artifical learning materials (maket) to the result of learning history of life society on precarious time of class X students in SMA Lab School Unsyiah, odd semester in academic year 2017-2018" the purpose of this stidy is (1) to analyze the effect of material use artifical learning materials (maket) to the result of learning history of life society material on precarious time of class X student in SMA Lab School Unsyiah, odd semester in academic year 2017-2018; and (2) to explain the factors that influence the student result study use artifical learning materials (maket) to the result of study in learning history of life society material on precarious time of class X student in SMA Lab School Unsyiah, odd semester in academic year 2017-2018. The approach that use in this research are a quantitative and qualitative approach and the type of the is experimental research. The population of this research is all student class X Labschool which amounts to 136 student and consists of 5 classes, and the sample used are class X IPA 1 consists of 28 students and X IPA 2 consists of 28 students. The technique of collecting the data are tests, documentation, and interview.The result of this study is the use of artifical learning materials (maket) effect on student to the result of learning history of life society on precarious time of class X students in SMA Lab School Unsyiah, odd semester in academic year 2017-2018. Best on the result of data processing using t-test obtained values level 5% (a=0,05) obtained t count =3,31 at significant level (a=0,05) and opportunity (1-a), t (0,95)(27) =2,00 with dk=28-1=27. Since 3,31 > 2,00 then, H 0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted.Factors that can effect student to the result by using artifical learning materials (maket) is the direct involvement of students in the learning process. Learning by using artifical learning materials can increase students interest and motivation because the can see the original objects even in a small, three dimensional form, the student not only become passive listeners of the information presented by the teacher but also the students directly in the learning process in the classroom. Keyword : Artifical Learning Materials (Maket), Result of Study, Precarious Life  ABSTRAK Penelitian yang berjudul "Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Ajar Tiruan ( Maket ) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Materi Kehidupan Masyarakat Pada Masa Praaksara Siswa Kelas X SMA Lab School Unsyiah Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2017-2018" ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan bahan ajar tiruan ( maket ) terhadap hasil belajar pada pembelajaran sejarah materi kehidupan masyarakat pada masa praaksara siswa kelas X SMA Lab School Unsyiah semester ganjil tahun ajaran, 2017-2018; dan (2) untuk menjelaskan faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan bahan ajar tiruan ( maket ) pada pembelajaran sejarah materi kehidupan masyarakat pada masa praaksara di kelas X SMA Lab School Unsyiah semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Lab School yang berjumlah 136 siswa dan terdiri dari 5 kelas, dan sampel yang digunakan ialah kelas X IPA 1 yang terdiri 28 siswa dan X IPA 2 yang terdiri dari 28 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bahan ajar tiruan ( maket ) berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran sejarah materi kehidupan masyarakat praaksara kelas X SMA Lab School semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menggunakan analisis uji-t diperoleh nilai pada taraf 5% ( diperoleh t hitung = 3,31 pada taraf signifikan ( dan peluang (1-,  t (0,95)(27) = 2,00 dengan dk = 28 – 1 = 27. Karena 3,31 > 2,00 maka, H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima.Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan bahan ajar tiruan ( maket ) pada pembelajaran sejarah materi kehidupan masyarakat praaksara adalah keterlibatan langsung siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Belajar dengan menggunakan barang tiruan dapat meningkatkan minat dan motivasi belajar siswa karena bisa melihat wujud benda asli walaupun dalam bentuk kecil tiga dimensi, siswa tidak hanya menjadi pendengar pasif dari informasi yang disampaikan guru tapi melibatkan siswa secara langsung dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Kata Kunci: Bahan Ajar Tiruan ( Maket ), Hasil Belajar, Kehidupan Praaksara.


This paper presents a method for nondestructive evaluation of elastic constants of composite materials with transversely isotropic. The method is based on the measurement of phase velocity of different modes of Lamb waves generated and detected with air-coupled ultrasound transducers and on tracing the experimental dispersion curves. A theoretical model is developed, allowing also the estimation of dispersion curves and, by inversion, using a procedure for optimization, simplex type, the elastic constants of material can be determined. These are in good concordance with those experimentally determined by classical destructive procedures.


This report discusses how the major urban development schemes in India do not adequately take into account issues related to children's health, education, growth, safety and participation. The rising urbanisation in India presents an opportunity to design child-friendly cities, those that have a system of local governance, are committed to fulfilling children's rights, which includes giving children the opportunity to influence decisions, receive basic services, have a safe environment, and be treated as equal citizens. The report highlights the following as key areas for necessary development and fulfilment of a child-friendly city: Urban governance, health, nutrition, water and sanitation, education, child protection, urban resilience.


The Jensen–Shannon divergence is a renown bounded symmetrization of the Kullback–Leibler divergence which does not require probability densities to have matching supports. In this paper, we introduce a vector-skew generalization of the scalar α-Jensen–Bregman divergences and derive thereof the vector-skew α-Jensen–Shannon divergences. We prove that the vector-skew α-Jensen–Shannon divergences are f-divergences and study the properties of these novel divergences. Finally, we report an iterative algorithm to numerically compute the Jensen–Shannon-type centroids for a set of probability densities belonging to a mixture family: This includes the case of the Jensen–Shannon centroid of a set of categorical distributions or normalized histograms.


We propose a new classification of Christians based on their levels of internal struggle and subsequent behaviors upon dealing with ethical issues in the workplace: Christian soldiers, panic followers, strugglers, and Sunday Christians. Then, we develop a model of potential, evolutionary processes that these Christian types may follow using game-theory analysis. We argue that Sunday Christians and Christian soldiers are the only two possible Christian equilibriums in repeated game settings. Finally, we use an empirical data set, which was conducted in Hong Kong, to illustrate our classifications and suggest potential strategies to efficiently allocate resources within Christian churches.


This paper is the review of the monograph of prof. V.B. Chistyakov "Historical component in higher education" (Moscow: Moscow State Industrial University Publ., 2015), which addresses the topical problems of teaching history in higher school.


Acknowledging the disparity between the number of African American high school students who aspire toward higher education and the number who actually attend, this book uncovers factors that influence African American students' decisions regarding college. Kassie Freeman brings new insights to the current body of research on African Americans and higher education by examining the impact that family, school, community, and home have in the decision-making process. She explores specific factors that contribute to a student's predisposition toward higher education, including gender, economics, and high school curriculum, and seeks to bridge the gap in understanding why aspiration does not immediately translate into participation. Educators and policy makers interested in increasing African American students' participation in higher education will benefit from the exploration of this paradox.


The talk briefly introduces the present understanding of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at extremely high enhancement level and demonstrates and discuss applications of the effect in biophysics and biomedicine, where SERS opens up exciting new opportunities [1]. The method provides ultrasensitve detection, monitoring, and characterization of biophyscally/ biomedically relevant molecules and processes as well as a vibrational spectroscopy with extremely high spatial confinement. Identification, tracking and structural characterization of molecules, including monitoring structural changes play a central role in biophysical/biochemical spectroscopy. Therefore, vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which provide high structural information content are of particular interest. Most interesting for biophysical studies might be the trace analytical capabilities of SERS together with its high structural selectivity, which allows to establish the molecular identity at the single molecule level. This is of great interest since biologically relevant molecules are often available for characterization in extremely small amounts only. Limitations of SERS spectroscopy are attributed to the fact that target molecules have to be attached to so-called "SERS-active substrates" such as nanometer sized silver or gold structures. On the other hand, performing spectroscopy in the local optical fields of the nanostructures results in another basic capability of the effect: In SERS, lateral confinement of the optical effect is not determined by the Abbe diffraction limit, but by the spatial confinement of the local fields in socalled "hot spots" [2] providing the opportunity to measure Raman spectra from extremely small volumes. From SERS experiments performed on single wall carbon nanotubes on fractal silver cluster structures, the dimension of a hot spot was inferred to be 5 nm or less [3], suggesting the opportunity for selective Raman probing of parts of large biomolecules or for spectroscopic selection of single nanometer sized species from a larger population. For illustration, figure 1 shows two typical SERS spectra measured from Rhodamine 6G on a fractal silver colloidal cluster surface at two different 1 μm focal spots. The upper spectrum is measured from a spot, where many molecules contribute to the surface enhanced Raman signal. Each of these molecules "sees" a little different environment resulting in inhomogeneously broadened Raman lines. In the lower spectrum, the Raman lines become very narrow. In this spectrum, the Raman signal is generated from very few molecules or even from a single molecule, which is attached to the surface just in a hot spot.


Objective To establish a simple and reliable rat model of kidney transplantation for studying the events following kidney transplantation.Methods Male Wistar rat was used as the donor and recipient.Left kidney was perfused with ice-cold HC-A solution and the graft was transplanted in the orthotopic position.The donor superior mesenteric artery was anastomosed to the recipient left renal artery by sleeve technique.The donor inferior vena cava was anastomosed end to end with the recipient left renal vein.A patch of the donor bladder was sutured on the recipient bladder,the diameter of which was about 3 mm.Results The time of overall procedure was 100 to 120min with a success rate of 89%(34/38).Pathological examinations of 34 renal grafts at different postoperative time ranged from 6 to 30 days showed that the artery and vein were fully patent with no evidence of ischemic injury.Conclusion This modified model of renal transplantation is feasible regardless of experimental conditions with high success rate.


A system and a method for processing messages in a mobile communication system are provided to reduce overhead, resulted from the operation for determining whether encryption is used for each packet received through each channel. A mobile terminal(400) generates a message at a user's request, encrypts the message, and transmits the encrypted packet through a radio channel. If it is indicated that the packet received from the mobile terminal(400) was encrypted, a base station(410) requests encryption information of the mobile terminal(400), which has transmitted the packet, from a PCF(Packet Control Function)(420) and receives the encryption-related information of the mobile terminal(400) from the PCF(420) before decrypting the encrypted packet. The PCF(420) receives the request for the encryption information of the mobile terminal(400) from the base station(410), and transmits the encryption-related information of the mobile terminal(400) to the base station(410).


. We consider a family of quasilinear elliptic problems on bounded domains with perturbed critical growth term; we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions when the perturbation depends on a parameter which forces the solutions to have a suitable behavior in order to interact with it. We also study the behavior of the solutions for varying parameter, and we show that concentration phenomena appear as the parameter tends to infinity.


The aim of this article is to elaborate my claim that the existence of semiosic processes does not always imply the presence of consciousness. This may seem a provocative statement since there are certainly good reasons to assume that consciousness and semiosis are merely different aspects of one and the same phenomenon. Indeed, I am convinced that consciousness always includes what we might define as a semiotic function, and that we therefore cannot have consciousness without semiosis. However, such an implication does not necessarily imply the opposite; and we might well envision the presence of semiosis before we have fully developed consciousness. I base my argument here on empirical data from the earliest phases of neonate ontogenesis. I argue that in order to fully understand how semiosis develops in very early interactions between adults and neonates, we need to abandon the traditional internalist cognitivist view of mind and representations, and adopt an alternative, externalist, semiotic perspective, that draws on the work of both Vygotsky and Peirce. The external mind is not entirely in the intentional subject, nor in the object, but in the intersubjective space of their interaction, the analysis of which must take into account emotion, affect, perception and bodily sensation. My starting point is a brief discussion of ways in which semiotics up to now has viewed the relationship between consciousness and semiosis.


South African Journal of Plant and Soil is co-published by Taylor & Francis and NISC (Pty) Ltd The world population is increasing rapidly and may reach 9.3 billion by the year 2050 (Tuteja 2007), whereas crop production is decreasing rapidly because of the negative impact of various environmental stresses. Abiotic stresses are the principal causes of decreasing average yields of major crops by more than 50%, which causes losses worth hundreds of millions of dollars each year (Mahajan and Tuteja 2005), and are becoming the major limiting factors for crop production especially under globally changing climatic conditions (Wang et al. 2012). Among the various factors limiting rice yield, salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in the world (McWilliam 1986; Islam et al. 2007). This scourge is a major constraint to the sustainability and expansion of rice cultivation in areas where rice production has not kept up with increasing demand from a growing population (Ma et al. 2007). It impairs crop production on at least 20% of irrigated land worldwide (Mahajan and Tuteja 2005). In addition, the increased salinity of arable land is expected to have devastating global effects, resulting in up to 50% land loss by the middle of the twenty-first century (Mahajan and Tuteja 2005). The amount of salt-affected land is already more than 9 billion ha, which is a threat to agriculture (Flowers 2004). Furthermore, there is a deterioration of about 2 million ha of world agricultural lands because of salinity each year. Rice is the third-most cultivated cereal after millet and sorghum in Niger. Niger has a large suitable area (about 270 000 ha) for rice growing but only one-fifth of this area is exploited. However, rice has passed millet and sorghum in terms of consumption by urban households. Salinity is one the most serious abiotic constraints of rice production in Niger because about 20% of irrigated fields are affected by salt problems (Guero 2000). Soil salinity may be a result of poor water management, high evaporation and heavy irrigation (Ashraf 1994; Mahajan and Tuteja 2005; Ashraf 2009). In addition, a severe shortage of good-quality water is also forcing growers to use poor-quality ground water for irrigation, which further aggravates the salinity problem (Ma et al. 2007). Salinity results in reduced growth and development, loss of yield and productivity in crop species (Hasegawa et al. 2000; Singh et al. 2007; Qadir et al. 2008). Rice germplasm is known to show genetic variability for salt tolerance (Akbar et al. 1985; Gregorio and Senadhira 1993). However, most of the cultivars grown in saline environments are traditional pure line selections that are well adapted to local conditions. These have a long duration of growth and are tall, photoperiod sensitive and low yielding in grain (Xie et al. 2001). Therefore, there is a clear need for breeding high-yielding salinity-tolerant cultivars (Akbar et al. 1985). The purpose of this study was to assess the agronomic performances of early rice populations under salt stress in Niger.


Automobile roads perform a particularly important, responsible function in the movement of every automobile, transport equipment. The quality of automobile roads determines the reliability of road construction and automotive equipment, the resource of their work, and, most importantly, ensuring traffic safety. However, the construction of roads and construction methods with the expiration of a certain time undergo significant changes associated with the intensive development of road transport, road construction equipment, an increase in the intensity and flow of traffic. In this regard, there is a need to build high-quality roads and cover roads with durable concrete, which can be achieved by upgrading with composite chemical additives in the composition of concrete - a modernized superplasticizer. The object of this work is a superplasticizer for producing wear-resistant concrete. The introduction of a superplasticizer into the composition of concrete makes it possible to obtain especially strong concrete with an increased service life, which in turn will significantly reduce material costs for raw materials, repair work, and labor resources. The purpose of this study is to obtain a highly effective superplasticizer and particularly durable wear-resistant concrete for road surfaces. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

prepare raw materials, develop an optimal component composition and obtain a superplasticizer;
in laboratory conditions to obtain a prototype of concrete;
determine the quality indicators of the resulting concrete by GOST;
to conduct pilot tests for implementation in production.


The application of performance-based seismic design method in super high-rise building is studied in this article. The two-stage design process of a super high-rise building is introduced. On the base of proposing the performance standards and objectives of the super high-rise building under earthquake actions of different levels, optimal solution is provided after computational analyses with different softwares. Computational analyses indicate that the design could satisfy all seismic fortification requirements and seismic performance objectives of China's seismic codes in force. The performance-based design idea can provide a reference for similar projects.


An analysis of 100 consecutive cases of salmonellosis in infants and children from the files of Vanderbilt University Hospital is presented. Points covered with comparison to other studies in the literature where applicable include: age, sex, and racial incidence; types of organisms implicated; mode of treatment; duration and outcome of the disease; and discussion of symptoms, signs and laboratory data for the principal clinical syndromes.
 Salmonellosis in children differs in several respects from the usual picture encountered in adults: Onset is more acute, with greater severity of symptoms; leukocytosis is the rule in infants, with gradually increasing leukopenia as age increases; differential leukocyte counts are usually within normal limits for the ages of the patients; the incidence of complications is high.
 Enteric isolation is an important aspect of convalescent care.


In recent years educational applications for touchscreen devices (e.g., tablets) become widespread all over the world. While these devices are accessible to people with visual impairments, educational applications to support learning of STEM subjects are often not accessible to visually impaired people due to inaccessible graphics. This contribution addresses the problem of conveying graphics to visual impaired users. Two approaches are taken into account: audio icons and image sonification. In order to evaluate the applicability of these approaches, we report our experience in the development of two didactic applications for touchscreen devices, specifically designed to support people with visual impairments or blindness while studying STEM subjects: Math Melodies and Audio Functions. The former is a commercial application to support children in primary school in an inclusive class. It adopts an interaction paradigm based on audio icons. The latter is a prototype application aimed at enabling visually impaired students to explore function diagrams and adopts an image sonification approach.


A general methodology for designing chaotic and hyperchaotic cryp も osystemswas developed using 出 e control systems theory. Grassi proposed a nonlinear-observer-based decrypter for the state of the encrypter. If we can design the decrypter without the knowledge of the parameters of the encrypter , the chaos-based secure communication systems are not secure. In this paper , we propose an observer-based chaotic communication system ,' which allows us to assign the relative degree and the zeros of its encrypter system. Moreover , we design a robust synchronizer based on linear controller parameterization.


Abstract Intensifiers such as himself/herself in English, ipse/ipsa in Latin, stesso/stessa in Italian, sam/samá in Russian, or selbst in German are most easily identifiable in terms of their prosodic and semantic properties. They are invariably in focus and therefore typically stressed, thus evoking specific types of alternative values. Based on a detailed discussion of the distribution and meaning of intensifiers in English, this article describes the major patterns of variation observable in the form of intensifiers across languages. Five types of intensifiers are distinguished on the basis of morpho-syntactic properties like inflection and agreement, and a number of implications and correlations between formal and distributional parameters of variation are pointed out.


people, but he has chosen for this book a number of traditional people who have physical and mental abnormalities. They appear grotesque the way Adams has configured the pictures. Despite the title and the fact that several of the pictures here are outstanding, this is not a book about Appalachia. Too much of it serves to reinforce the worst stereotypes of the region as a whole. As part of a larger collection of regional photography, this book may serve an artistic or sociological purpose. However, it will never do as a single representative volume. Adams grew up spending summers and his high school years in rural Letcher County, Kentucky, where his parents were raised on adjoining farms. Adams currently teaches photography at a college in Massachusetts.


The human aging process is associated with systematic deterioration of cognitive and motor performance. Age-related deficits in motor skills and symptoms of cognitive decline, such as memory, attention and executive functioning problems, are major contributors to a loss of functional independence and reduced quality of life of the elderly. The virtual reality system presented can be used as an aid for effective training of those skills. The use of virtual reality training for therapeutic purposes is promising – not only does it provide encouraging medical and psychological effects but it may also be considered as an interesting leisure activity for seniors. The paper presents a pilot study which aims to qualitatively assess the usefulness of a VR technology-based solution for training cognitive and motor functions. The pre-test phase of the study was conducted on 9 subjects aged 62-81 (M = 71.66; SD = 7.00), who were asked to evaluate the performed tasks in terms of novelty and attractiveness. All subjects completed the pilot study. The SUS result was 55.56 (SD = 9.90), which is a marginal result. However, the UEQ result showed that all aspects of the game were reported as satisfactory. The pilot studies show that VR is well tolerated by the elderly. As demonstrated by the results, the system has moderate utility, but may be a promising solution for training cognitive-motor skills.


Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a malignant epithelial tumor and is the most common minor salivary gland neoplasm. The initial presentation of this pathology can resemble benign lesions and can be misleading. They often present as asymptomatic swellings along minor salivary gland bearing areas. Proper attention to clinical features and the use of advanced imaging is of paramount importance to detect these innocuous lesions. We report an incidental finding of a palatal swelling in a 27-year-old female. This paper reports a low-grade MEC with unremarkable clinical features showing underlying bone involvement. It highlights the need for decisive investigations and accurate diagnosis in cases of malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands as it can reduce morbidity and prevent mortality.


The emergence of Electronic Data Interchange ( EDI), as
a standard method of international trade information inter
change, has serious implications within the Malaysian con
text. EDI has not only become an instrument to create new
opportunities or to gain a competitive edge,EDI has also
become such a "mandatory" standard technology that those
countries whose organisations do not soon adopt EDI, will
gradually fall out from the mainstream of international
trade competition.The adoptation of EDI is recognised by the
Government of Malaysia as one of the necessary prerequisites
to achieve the nation's trade promotion goals and strategies
identified in the Outline Perspective Plan Two(OPP2), and
the Sixth Malaysia Plan (SMP).
This study will attempt to establish a profile of EDI
usage at the Port Klang Authority,as a facilitator of trade,
with special mention of the" Port Klang Community System",
(PKCS).The paper will attempt to determine the cost-benefits
of the implementation of the PKCS,by evaluating the costing
involved, in relation to certain variables of the operations
of this network.The variables that this study has elected
are, the time-saving element, cost-effectiveness of reduced
paper documentation in trade , and labour-cost effective
-ness,with EDI and without EDI.
The overall results have indicated that there is a
favourable perception and appreciation of the benefits of
EDI application, especially in the areas of information
accuracy,substantially less paperwork, timeliness and com
-pleteness, and most of all a definite cost effectiveness in
the regions of labour usage, overheads and materials.


Although we know that a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium always exists when the number of the admissible actions of each agent is finite, it is possible that there can be multiple equilibria with different characteristics, such as different expected utilities for some agents. In such case, we will not be able to know which equilibrium will occur without more details on the system dynamics, such as the equilibrium iteration algorithm and the initialization condition.


The photocatalytic substitution reaction of toluene was studied. For this purpose, toluene was hydroxylated in the presence of semiconductor (CdS) and sodium hydroxide. The effect of different parameters like amount of NaOH and CdS, intensity of light, etc. on the rate of reaction was studied. On the basis of observed data, a tentative mechanism for the hydroxylation of toluene has been proposed.


A recent investigation of the dynamic feature of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-based classification scheme for criminal offenders concluded that the system was unreliable. The purpose of this article is to challenge these conclusions based on an examination of the following problems in the methodology that was employed: (a) sample characteristics and biases, (b) procedures, and (c) lack of collateral data. It is recommended that future investigations correct the shortcomings discussed in an attempt to determine if changes in MMPI classification accurately reflect changes in the offender's adjustment, attitudes, or behavior.


The genus Orthodontium of the family Bryaceae is newly reported from Yunnan, China. The O. bilimbatum X. J. Li et D. C. Zhang as a new species, found in the Mt. Meilixueshan, Northwestern Yunnan, China, is described in Latin and illustrated in this paper. It is of main characteristices of (1) the double peristomes being not in well-development, (2) bistratose leaf borders, consisting of 2~3 rows of elongate-linear thick-walled cells which occur on all leaf margins except for the apices and proximal bases, (3) the cells in middle of leaf 60~100 μm long and 18~24 μm wide, (4) opercule short conical without beak on it. The characteristics of the new species are between genera of the Orthodontium and Orthodontopsis. With double peristomes as an important character of Orthodontium on taxonomy, the new taxon should be classified into the genus. In addition, 2, 3 and 4 characters mentioned above are special in this genus, so a new Section Bilimbatum is proposed. The species as a holotype of the new section is deposited in Cryptogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica(HKAS).


This paper mainly studies the safety management of the distribution room and special equipment in the hospital to remove hidden troubles.


By analyzing the trace elements of nostoc commune in Qinghai Plateau,the comprehensive evaluation about Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Co,Se and other trace elements in nostoc commune was conducted through the principal analysis of component and factor,and it aimed to provide some scientific basis to utilize the Qinghai nostoc commune resources.


This paper demonstrates how test marking and grading can be conductedutilizing Google Driveavailable on Google.com. It also shows the efficiency of the system using basic spreadsheet functions on Google Drive. Although this approach has a number of issues including the potential for cheating it is applicable for a number of purposeswhich are discussed along with feedback from students.


MCF7 human breast cancer cells were cultured under normal gravity (1 g) and on a random positioning machine (RPM) preventing sedimentation. After 2 weeks, adherent 1 g‐control and adherent RPM cells (AD) as well as multicellular spheroids (MCS) were harvested. AD and MCS had been exposed to the RPM in the same culture flask. In a subsequent proteome analysis, the majority of the proteins detected showed similar label‐free quantification (LFQ) scores in each of the respective subpopulations, but in both AD or MCS cultures, proteins were also found whose LFQs deviated at least twofold from their counterparts in the 1 g‐control cells. They included the cell junction protein E‐cadherin, which was diminished in MCS cells, where proteins of the E‐cadherin autodegradation pathway were enhanced and c‐Src (proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase c‐Src) was detected. Spheroid formation was prevented by inhibition of c‐Src but promoted by antibodies blocking E‐cadherin activity. An interaction analysis of the detected proteins that are involved in forming and regulating junctions or adhesion complexes and in E‐cadherin autodegradation indicated connections between the two protein groups. This suggests that the balance of proteins that up‐ or downregulate E‐cadherin mediates the tendency of MCF7 cells to form MCS during RPM exposure.


The physical properties of n‐butforane C4F10 were determined and also these mixtures of it with n‐butane, C4H10. The properties of these two‐component systems parallel very closely the system previously reported, n‐pentforane and n‐pentane. The necessity of a concept such as that of ``interpenetration'' is confirmed.


2report the results of two studies of the eff ects of health checks given by healthcare professionals to adults with intellectual disabilities. Deinstitutionalisation for people with intellectual disabilities in the UK during the past few decades has been a revolutionary success, and enabled the vast majority to live in the community—on their own, with their families, or with paid support. 3 Concurrently, this development has allowed researchers and research-active clinicians in the specialty to undertake epidemiological studies of community-based populations of people with intellectual disabilities. 4,5 This pattern of deinstitutionalisation and subsequent focus on health is evident to diff erent degrees throughout the world, in European countries such as Norway and Sweden, 6 and internationally in countries


The CZCS is used to map chlorophyll concentration, sediment distribution, gelbstroffe concentration, and temperature of coastal waters and the open ocean. The data processing techniques used to enhance contrasts over the ocean and to remove the effect of the backscattered atmosphere are presented. The multi-channel scanning radiometer of CZCS is described. The content of water is determined primarily by the CZCS measurement.


This chapter describes the ABNS examination process and provides techniques for responding to the examiner's questions. The chapter analyzes the best approach to case-based questions and focuses on the areas of content and style of the examinee's response. How one can improve in each of these areas are important and pitfalls are also addressed. Discussion of how to prepare your case defense from submission to examination day is also described. How to prepare for the defense of indications and complications and whether to cite references are also discussed. The chapter concludes with do's and don'ts on exam day.


A Production-Distribution inventory model with shortages and unit cost dependent demand has been formulated along with possible constraints. In most of the real world situations, the cost parameters are imprecise in nature. Hence, the unit cost is imposed here in fuzzy environment. Due to complexity, the proposed model has been solved by LINGO software. The model is also solved for without shortages as the special case. The model is illustrated with a numerical example.


A venerable custom of nature worship has taken a special place in the Mongolian and Japanese lives. In the present article we aimed to discuss some worships related to the Japanese and Mongolian mountains and water and to define how the worships are connected to the nature conservation.