In this paper, we discuss the network coverage of the generic multicarrier (or OFDM) based broadcast system by exploiting the frequency diversity over subcarriers. We first define the performance metric and discuss the relationship among broadcast rate, coverage area and the outage probability. To calculate the actual broadcast coverage area, we provide analytical results for both the low SNR and high SNR cases. In addition, we extend our discussion to the multicarrier multicell broadcast network. Simulation results show that multicell cooperation(MCC) has the best performance.


Introduction: Plasma lactate, a clinical marker of ischemic status, have been related to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Elevated fasting plasma lactate levels could be an independent risk factor for type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Aims and Objectives: 1) To assess the plasma lactate levels in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls. 2) To evaluate the correlation of plasma lactate with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. 3) To evaluate the correlation between plasma lactate and lipid parameters Materials and Methods: It is a crosssectional study, conducted in 60 subjects, divided into 2 groups. Group A-30 normal healthy controls. Group B30 diabetic patients. Plasma lactate , FBS, HbA1c and lipid parameters were assessed in all 3 groups. All the above parameters were compared between the groups using independent student 't' test and Pearson's correlations were obtained between lactate and other parameters, using SPSS 23 software. Results: Fasting plasma lactate levels were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls (p=0.000) and had a positive association with fasting blood glucose & HbA1c levels in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion: The elevated lactate levels is related to the occurence of diabetes mellitus and reduced oxidative capacity could be the linking factor between hyperlactatemia and insulin resistance.If hyperlactatemia is an early change in altered glucose homeostasis, it could be a good predictor of future occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


In this paper, we study the effect of the layered structure of the active topsoil of the Arctic tundra during freezing on the error of determining surface deformation. A simple Bragg scattering model was used for surface scattering modeling. The simulation was performed in the L-band for future radar missions SMAP and ALOS-2. The soil permittivity is calculated using the temperature-dependent generalized refractive mixing dielectric model for the organic rich soil sample collected in North Slope, Alaska (68°38'N, 149°35'W). This model predicts the complex dielectric constant of moist soil both thawed and frozen at temperatures from -30°C to +25°C and moistures from 0 to 0.94 g/g. It is shown that the error of determining soil surface deformation, induced by processes of freezing of the permafrost active layer, does not exceed 1.5 cm.


In the Northern Song Dynasty especially the reign of Emperor Renzong,the tactical deployment of troops and system of battle formations were attached so great importance that either officials or the people energetically engaged themselves in the study even without any perceptible effect in battlefields.The paper focuses on their application as well as the formulation,attempting to penetrate into the reason why the fighting capacity can't be enhanced with such a profound research concerned in the middle of the Song Dynasty.


Details of an optional design course for controlled position, speed and torque of electrical dc motors are presented. Personal computers are used to perform the basically simple but repetitive design calculations. They are also used to facilitate the routine laboratory testing and experiments required for verifying the design calculations. The course is, therefore, extremely efficient and students are also familiarised with the latest design and testing technologies in a natural and incidental fashion.


A theoretical model for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of unconsolidated granular sediments, with application to sand shale mixtures, is presented. The sediment is modeled as an assemblage of grains of thermal conductivity λS immersed in a pore fluid of thermal conductivity λƒ. In order to take into account for the thermal interactions between the grains a differential effective medium approach is used to provide a relationship between the effective thermal conductivity of the isotropic mixtures of grains saturated by the pore fluid, the porosity, and the thermal conductivities of the grains and pore fluid. The influence of the topology of the interconnected pore space is accounted for through the use of the electrical cementation exponent m, which is related to the electrical formation factor F by F = ϕ−m, where ϕ is the interconnected porosity. The main assumption of the model lies in the small contiguity between the grains. This assumption holds well for unconsolidated sand shale mixture sediments as demonstrated by comparing the model to available experimental data. The model offers the possibility to derive thermal conductivity profiles from downholes measurements of natural radioactivity, electrical resistivity, and bulk density.


Various cool storage technologies and their characteristics are introduced.Solid adsorption storage technology is presented.The aim is to apply solid adsorption storage to the field of air conditioning engineering.


In this paper, we present an image retrieval architecture using specific feature vectors for the fashion domain. The triplet network is widely used in an image retrieval task with a deep-learning method. The vector from the deep neural network reflects general image characteristics such as color and pattern on the image. On the other hand, the characteristics of the fashion items, such as length, fit, detailed design part, etc., are not well combined in their vector because it is difficult to obtain the individual information of the domain by a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). To consider the specific characteristics of the fashion items, we proposed a fashion image retrieval network, which is called CoFirNet, applying domain-specific feature vectors extracted from the pretrained network based on a classification scheme to distinguish the domain property in an image. The domain-specific feature vector, conditional vector, are combined with the general characteristics feature vector to build the embedding vector for the image retrieval scheme to include the characteristics of fashion items. The proposed method is evaluated, and it shows that the objective and subjective performance were higher than the compared method on the fashion images. Therefore, we believe that the proposed scheme can be a useful method and system for a specialized image search system. etc.


The drying temperature effect on the economic efficiency of a solar-thermal dryer has been analyzed. The dryer is shown to be economically efficient under annual operation of a minimum of 115-130 days regardless of the fuel price.


The energy gained by either of the two helium atoms in a helium dimer through simultaneous ionization and excitation can be efficiently transferred to the other helium atom, which then ionizes. The respective relaxation process called interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) is the subject of the present paper. Specifically, we are interested in ICD of the lowest of the ionized excited states, namely, the He{sup +}(n=2)He states, for which we calculated the relevant potential-energy curves and the interatomic decay widths. The full-configuration interaction method was used to obtain the potential-energy curves. The decay widths were computed by utilizing the Fano ansatz, Green's-function methods, and the Stieltjes imaging technique. The behavior of the decay widths with the interatomic distance is examined and is elucidated, whereby special emphasis is given to the asymptotically large interatomic separations. Our calculations show that the electronic ICD processes dominate over the radiative decay mechanisms over a wide range of interatomic distances. The ICD in the helium dimer has recently been measured by Havermeier et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 133401 (2010)]. The impact of nuclear dynamics on the ICD process is extremely important and is discussed by Sisourat et al. [Nat. Phys. 6, 508 (2010)] based onmore » the ab initio data computed in the present paper.« less


This study aims to investigate the moderating role of cultural value orientations on the relationship between brand ownership and customer brand engagement behavior through brand responsibility and self-enhancement.,Respondents came from firm-managed online smartphone brand communities in South Korea and the USA. Convenience sampling yielded 197 valid responses, with 98 coming from South Korea and 99 coming from the USA.,The study results provide empirical evidence that cultural value orientations influence customer brand engagement behavior. As expected, the findings indicate that individualism-collectivism and power distance significantly moderate the indirect effect of brand responsibility and self-enhancement on the relationship between brand ownership and customer brand engagement behavior.,Prior research has focused mainly on customer engagement behaviors that target the firm, employees and other customers, with little research examining customer engagement behavior that targeted the brand (customer brand engagement behavior). This exploration is important because customers could serve as brand missionaries, become less apt to switch brands and provide feedback, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage.


into my sole. Nary a drop of blood, no splinter or bruise. Another ploy, said my mother, to claim me as your own. Don't you know, I am your one and only, don't you know? And off I limped and built a tiny shelf made of Kleenex into the heel of my Beatles shoe.The pain was okay, as long as I never went barefoot, or ever ever again wore patent leather party shoes. My foot was albumen after weeks of this, and began to smell. My mother made me wash and hunted down foot fungus gel, until one day she noticed a crimson streak from mid-heel to that knobby little knee. It was a water snake, a death crease, the crack I'd avoided on my walk to school. And lo, my mother's composure cracked. Soon we were in a race car, breaking all sorts of rules, my mother muttering, you fool, you big fool, though she reassured me with a pat, I'm not talking to you. I understood, but still felt foolish, as if I'd left the water running and now it overflowed. She extended her hand protectively as the car jolted to a stop. The doctor waited inside his doctor house with its roaring fire and rock candy in a medicine jar. He was cruel: How did this happen? An intelligent woman like you? Then thrust his hand into the fire and singed the tweezers blue. He rubbed vigorously with alcohol, and began to dig the needle out. By hand. No Novocaine. My only day off, he rued. Mother blushed, bright as a dodge ball. It was much more than I bargained for—the color of her love, mixed with shame. I'm So Sorry


Numerous previous studies have proven the efficacy of dodecanoic acid contained by VCO as an antimicrobial, especially antiviral. The global urgency of COVID-19 treatment caused by the 2019-nCoV virus has prompted many researchers around the world to seek effective drugs to cure this infectious disease. Based on the claim that dodecanoic acid and its derivatives can be used as an antiviral, this study aims to determine the levels of VCO dodecanoic acid produced from the traditional yeast fermentation of Aceh, Indonesia. The making of VCO through fermentation with the addition of starter yeast as much as 10% in coconut milk. Analysis of dodecanoic acid levels was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results showed that the composition of dodecanoic acid in VCO-pe was higher than VCO-ti. VCO-pe contains about 44.23% dodecanoic acid, while VCO-ti contains about 43.63% dodecanoic acid. The composition of dodecanoic acid contained in VCO-pe was higher than VCO-ti. The composition of dodecanoic acid in VCO has met APCC standards, namely 43.0% -53.0%. These results could append new information about the application of dodecanoic acid in VCO as an antiviral candidate against 2019-nCoV which causes the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords : antimicrobial, coronavirus, COVID-19, levels of lauric acid, virgin coconut oil


This paper reflects architecture and pattern synthesis for biconical antenna. The Biconical Antenna Radiation Pattern is identical to the half wave dipole antenna. The ramp shaped Radiation pattern is obtained by varying different antenna parameters such as amplitude distribution, phase distribution, spacing between the element and number of elements. Biconical antennas (2-14) GHz operating range gives reflection co-efficient- 0.46; return loss- 10dB, VSWR- 2.5:1, Gain (2-4) dB with 50Q input impedance.Biconical antenna was designed using CST Microwave Studio.


Introduction Transitional nuclei with Z < 50 and mass A ≈ 100 are characterized by a small quadrupole deformation and a γ-soft potential at low and moderate angular momenta. The magic neutron number N=50 enhances the shell effects in these nuclei making their excitations more complex. The odd-A nuclei expected to exhibit weakly deformed rotational structures can be described by Particle-rotor model. It is always interesting to go beyond the shell model description of such nuclei which can be achieved by excitations to high spins. The Pd (N=53) nucleus provides an opportunity of probing the role of neutrons in valence space outside the N=50 closed shell. There is ample possibility of observing maximally-aligned states in such a nucleus. The low-lying levels of Pd have been investigated from EC-β decay of Ag by Huyse et al [1]. Investigations of low lying states via the Ru(α,p3n) and Ru(Li,p2n) reactions have been performed by Dubuc et al [2].


The effects of clay turbidity and light on the predator–prey interaction between planktivorous smelts (Osmerus eperlanus) and phantom midge (Chaoborus flavicans) larvae were studied by means of laboratory experiments. Irrespective of light intensity, fish-mediated mortality of chaoborid larvae was highest at intermediate turbidity (20 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)). Increases in light intensity enhanced the feeding rate of smelts at very low light intensities. A regression model describing the dependence of smelt-mediated mortality of chaoborids on light intensity and turbidity was fitted to the data. The model suggested that turbidity exceeding 30 NTU combined with light intensity below 0.1 µE·m–2·s–1 provides an efficient daytime refuge for chaoborids even in the presence of planktivorous smelts. In the field studies, the depth distribution of chaoborids followed the predictions of the model. The depth at which chaoborid density was highest depended on the existence and location of the thermocline...


The new leading collective of the Party's Central Committee,with Hu Jintao as the General Secretary,inherits both scientific theories and practical experience from their predecessors.Having clarified the general trend of the time and the stage of development,and found its historical bearings,it firmly grasps development,the first important task for the Party in wielding power and rejuvenating the nation,and emphasizes that the Party should take the construction of its advanced quality as a platform,concentrate on improving its ability to lead development,and make efforts to achieve the unity of faster,scientific,harmonious and peaceful development.


SUMMARY This work deals with monthly and annual behaviour of amount and price of pineappie commercialized at CEASAS of Rio Grande do Sul and Parana, Brazil, from 1981 to 1990 and at CEASA of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 1987 to 1990. The quantity commercialized increased 49,1% at CEASA/RS and 31,3% at CEASA/PR between 1981 and 1990 years and 19,4% at CEASA/SC between 1987 and 1990 years. The highest prices at CEASA/RS occured in 1986 and 1990, at CEASA/SC in 1987,1989 and 1990 and at CEASA/PR in 1986, 1989 and 1990. The highest monthly quantity commercialized occured in november, december and january at CEASA/RS, in november, december, january and february at CEA-SA/SC and in january and december at CEASA/PR. At CEASA/RS, the highest monthly prices occured in march, april and may, while at CEASAS of SC and PR. There were no differences among the months.


According to the difficulties in the Superpave mixture construction of a section of heavy traffic asphalt pavement,such as bad construction environment and short construction period and so on,the method of combining theory with experiment was used to discuss the construction of Superpave mixture.And the construction technologies and the key points of quality control were introduced.The research results can provide reference for the application of Superpave technology in highway construction.


Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and cause of death among women worldwide. Although definitive cause of breast cancer is not known, it is reported that genetic, environmental and hormonal factors play an important role. It is highly important to detect the breast cancer at an earlier stage for prevention, as there isn't any definitive prevention method against cancer. Development of breast cancer is prevented via positive attitude and behaviours reducing risk and early diagnosis and effective treatment may increase quality of life and life span. Therefore , it is important to educate women about primary and secondary prevention methods. There are evidence based studies that show the influence of life style and environmental factors on the development of breast cancer such as high-fat diet, alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise. The elimination of all these factors may contribute to decrease in morbidity and mortality (primary prevention). Secondary prevention, comprising diagnostic tests such as self-examination of breast, clinical breast examination, mammography aid in the early identification and treatment of premalignant or subclinical cancers. Also, behaviour modification, as well as greater awareness among women regarding breast cancer, may significantly contribute towards reducing the incidence of this cancer. In this regard, midwives and nurses can play a significant role in increasing awareness about breast cancer by providing training in lifestyle modifications and diagnostic methods of early stage breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the role and responsibilities of midwives and nurses related to primary and secondary prevention measures of breast cancer.


SINCE publication of the first reportsl.2 on the use of a new anticonvulsant, 3-methyl-5,5 phenylethyl hydantoin ( Mesantoin ) , much has been published on its value in the treatment of epilepsy. Many of the reports3-13 review the over-all factors involved, i.e., psychotherapy, occupational therapy, family cooperation, surgical methods, etc. They also compare the relative efficiency of each available chemotherapeutic agent for the various types of epilepsy. Many pharmacologic s t ~ d i e s , ' ~ J ~ J ~ J ~ as well as some reports on electroencephalographic studies1sJD~20 following the use of this drug have also appeared. Swinyard17 and his group, in studies dealing with the causes and prevention of seizures, have shown that Mesantoin possesses a strong anticonvulsant action in electrically induced convulsions in laboratory animals. LennoxlO believes that medication may influence the seizures as an "externalizing mechanism," before it influences the dysrhythmia of an inter-seizure recording. It is often difficult to study the effect of medication with electroencephalograms, so for the present these studies are mainly of academic interest. Favorable clinical results have been reported in most studies.2131 Incidence of control of seizures varies, but the greater percentage of patients obtained a satisfactory degree of beneficial results. The literature indicates that Mesantoin has proved more effective than phenobarbital alone, and some authors believe it is a better antiepileptic. Others prefer Dilantin (diphenylhydantoin sodium) for the control of seizures. There is still another group who feel that the two drugs are about equal in their anticonvulsant action. Mesantoin apparently has the milder side effects so that larger doses can be safely tolerated.21 If smaller initial doses are used in sensitive patients, gradual increase in dosage (in accordance with the needs of the patient) will yield maximum therapeutic benefit with a minimum of toxic effects.22 Dyer25 reported that best results were obtained by gradually increasing dosage until the anticonvulsant limit was reached. If previous medication had been used,


Soon after the 1955 filling of the 60 ha mesotrophic Klicava Reservoir in Czechoslovakia, the fish fauna started to change. Generally, lithophils were replaced by phytophils and then by ecologically more plastic species. Fish biomass increased in the first 12 yr from 65 to 236 kg/ha, but after 1967 dropped to about 170 kg/ha. Increased biomass and density of piscivores were responsible for the decline. Among the piscivores the most important role was played by the pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) rather than the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) or northern pike (Esox lucius). Cyclical changes in the age structure of the perch population and the periodical occurrence of many young resulted from fluctuations in the rate of cannibalism, which affected the density of the fry and yearlings. A decline in zooplankton biomass and disappearance of larger zooplankters in the first 5–6 yr of the reservoir were due to increased density of fish, especially perch, which fed on zooplankton. Synchronous predation by...


Yesterday afternoon a young man interested in language learning came to me with a problem. He had read about my address this evening on some differences between first and second language learning, and he wanted to attend. On the other hand, he related he had promised to take a girl to the movies this evening. He didn't state the question bluntly but it clearly amounted to: which did I think would be more rewarding-my monologue o r a movie. I asked the young man if he had learned a second language in addition to English and he said he knew two foreign languages. "Why, then," I replied, "you can judge for yourself the differences between f i rs t and second language learning.'' "I know some things from my own experience," he answered, "but you are a psychologist and could tell me much more." "Why so?" I asked. He didn't answer, but apologized for intruding and left. I do not know if he i s here after all; perhaps he struck a compromise between his two goals and took his date to a foreign film. This student was clearly not a psychology major. A psychology major could readily answer my question: Why can a psychologist tell you more about language learning than you know from your own experience? An "A" answer on an examination might go something like this:


A research was conducted at Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary during the month of August and November 2004 to study the habitat use and population density of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus). Results indicated that there were distinct differences in the range of habitat use between August and November 2004 with the abrupt expansion from 0.5 km in the month of August to 3 km of different habitat types used in November. The major type of habitat utilized by proboscis monkeys was the mangrove forest. A mixture of mangrove, mixed dipterocarp and tropical heath forest were also used during both seasons. Towards November 2004, the tropical heath-riverine forest habitat was utilized as a result of higher availability of young leaves during this season. Comparison of proboscis monkey density sightings between August and November 2004 showed a distinct difference with only 0.08 groups/ km surveyed in August compared with 0.27 groups/ km surveyed during November 2004. Sightings of individual density showed 0.48 individuals/ km surveyed in the month of August whereas 1.34 individuals/ km surveyed in November 2004. Chi-square (l) test was calculated and showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between both seasons in the no. of group and individual sighted. Sightings of proboscis monkeys were probably influenced by food availability and competition for food resources.


HighlightsSingle kernel mass and particle density were not significantly affected by the number of rice weevils feeding within a corn kernel and lesser grain borers feeding within a wheat kernel.In both corn and wheat, single kernel mass decreased after the larval stage of internally feeding insects.Particle density increased linearly with insect age for both rice weevils in corn and lesser grain borer in wheat.The increasing particle density while the kernel mass was being eroded indicates that the kernel internal void was detected by the gas pycnometer employed for measurement of the true volume of grain kernels.Abstract. To model the dynamics of insect infestation in a grain handling system using the discrete element method (DEM), physical properties of the infested kernels compared to their sound counterparts are needed, specifically particle density and single kernel mass of infested kernels. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the particle density and single kernel mass of internally infested kernels as affected by insect age. Corn and wheat were infested with internal feeders: rice weevil (RW), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in corn and lesser grain borer (LGB), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in wheat. The internal feeders were allowed to grow and mature inside the kernels and properties were measured for representative samples selected using X-ray imaging approximately 14, 28, 35, and 42 days after the end of a 4-day oviposition period. The measured kernel physical properties were not affected by the number of internal insects per kernel. In both corn and wheat, single kernel mass decreased after the larval stage of internally feeding insects. Single kernel mass decreased from 374 mg in sound corn to 346 mg in corn with pre-emerged RW adults and from 31.4 mg in sound wheat to 25.9 mg in wheat with pre-emerged LGB adults. Particle density increased with insect age for both RW in corn and LGB in wheat with a linear trend. The increasing particle density while the kernel mass eroded indicates that kernel internal void was detected by the gas pycnometer employed for measurement of the true volume of grain kernels. Data obtained from this study enables effective DEM modeling of grain commingling of insect-infested and sound grain kernels in grain handling systems. Keywords: Corn, Insect age, Internal feeders, Insect infestation, Lesser grain borer, Particle density, Rice weevil, Single kernel mass, Wheat.


Objective To develop a multiplex fluorescenct quantitative PCR assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of Borrelia burgdorferi,Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparm carried by rodents.Methods Specific primers and probes were designed to amplify the 23S rRNA gene of B.burgdorferi,the B1 gene of T.gondii and the SSU gene of P.falciparm.The sensitivity of the assay was detected by the fold dilution method.The other eight strains of rodent-borne bacteria were used to examine the specificity of the assay.The method was evaluated to detect B.burgdorferi,T.gondii and P.falciparm simultaneously in mice blood.Results A highly sensitive and specific multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was established for detection of B.burgdorferi,T.gondii and P.falciparm.The sensitivity was 5.5 copies/μl for B.burgdorferi,12.8 copies/μl for T.gondii and 17.2 copies/μl for P.falciparm.Conclusion A multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was developed for detection of B.burgdorferi,T.gondii and P.falciparm,significantly reducing the time needed for simultaneous detection of the three rodent-borne pathogens.


1. Basic information 1.1 Peer-to-Peer Partnership number: given by the Program coordinator 1.2 Project title: Agriculture Sector Modernization Project (P156019) Component 2: Productivity Enhancement and Diversification Demonstrations 1.3 Area: □ Budget management reforms, e.g. performance-informed budgeting □ Human resource management reforms □ Reforms to improve service delivery □ Reforms to improve inter-governmental relations □ E-government □ Strengthening of custom and tax collection agencies


This study aims to produce instructional materials in the form of electronic module based learning content development system on the matter of pattern number. This research method is Research and Development (R & D) based on ADDIE model. Assessment of material experts on the learning media is included in the category of "Valid" with an average value of 3.46. The media expert's assessment of this e-module is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.66. The linguist's assessment of this medium is included in the "Valid" category with an average grade of 3.6. In a small-scale trial followed by 10 students of class VII obtained an average score of 3.65 based on the results of a response questionnaire that has been filled by the learner, this result puts the e-module on the criteria "Very Interesting". In large-scale field trials followed by 30 students, the average score of attractiveness obtained was 3.55 on the criteria "Very interesting".


In some real-world personal identification applications requiring high security standards, multibiometrics can provide higher identification accuracy than single biometrics. Due to its good performance, palmprint identification has received a lot of attention among other biometrics technologies. Combining left and right palmprints for multibiometrics is easy to implement and can produce better results. However, previous studies did not explore this issue in depth. An innovative framework for performing multibiometrics by combining left and right palmprint images is presented in this paper. This framework integrated three kinds of scores generated from the left and right palmprint images to perform matching score-level fusion. These first two scores were generated from left and right palmprint images, respectively, and can be obtained using any palmprint identification method. However, the third score was obtained using a specialized algorithm. Due to the careful consideration of the left and right palmprint images, the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the similarity between the left and right palmprints. Moreover, the proposed weighted fusion scheme allowed perfect identification performance to be obtained in comparison with previous palmprint identification methods.


"Raymond Gervais 3 X 1 traces and elucidates the important or little-known moments in the practice of Raymond Gervais, an artist who has explored the notion of the aural imagination since the mid 1970s. An erudite author, Gervais joins forces here with Nicole Gingras, a researcher and curator interested in what connects sound, image, and words. The first major publication on the work of a conceptual artist questioning whether thought is acoustic" -- p. [4] of cover.


In atrocities, bystanders might find themselves in a limbo-like state where it is extremely difficult to react responsibly to an occurring injustice. This article investigates the complex character of a bystander through a social-psychological analysis of Ari Folman's animated documentary film, Waltz with Bashir (2008). Theories of norm learning and delinquent behaviour are used to understand the unconscious self-perception of the protagonist, Ari, of his bystander role in the Sabra and Shatila Massacre of 1982. It is claimed that since Ari unconsciously sees himself as a perpetrator of the massacre, his behaviour as an innocent witness who bears no ethical responsibility creates a tension that continues to haunt him.


Credit card is a non-cash payment instrument that are desirable to the society, this is showned by the increasing number of credit cards used by the society, and the amount of transactions done using credit card in Indonesia. This study aims to explain the influence of lifestyle, perceived benefit, and perceived risk on the intention to use credit card in Indonesia. By using purposive sampling method, a sample of 140 respondents were used in this study. Data was collected through online questionnaires and analysed using multiple linear regression analysis. Study results show that lifestyle and perceived benefit has a positive effect on the intention to use credit card, while perceived risk has a negative effect on the intention to use credit card. Perceived benefit and perceived risk are the strongest factors that influence the intention to use credit card, therefore it is recommended for banks to educate consumers about the benefits and risks of using credit cards through seminars and other educational events.
Keywords: lifestyle, perceived benefit, perceived risk, the intention to use


This edition considers the Russian political context in the wake of the recent Presidential and Duma elections, and a series of popular protests against the existing political regime. In the first article, Graeme Robertson examines the protest movement that has come to the fore over recent months. He suggests that the protesters did not expect their large-scale demonstrations around the elections would lead to immediate political change and are instead committed to a long-term campaign to realize change. In the second article, Grigorii Golosov analyzes the reforms of the regulations governing political party registration and participation in elections that were introduced following the December 2011 Duma elections. He argues that while these reforms are positive for the development of a democratic political system, the authorities have also designed the new law to strengthen their own hand in the political field. In addition, this edition reprints an interview with Vitaly Nomokonov about the removal of Sergei Dar'kin as Governor of Primorsky Krai during the Presidential election campaign, which has gained a lot of attention within Russia.


The present invention discloses a system (11) for adjusting the distribution of body fluids, said system (11) comprising a regulator valve (12) and physiological sensing means Laid (13), the regulator valve (12) can be placed in a body fluid flow passage, said sensing physiological Laid means (13) and the regulating valve (12) capable of generating a control signal and the communication signal (14) in accordance with the physiological characteristics, wherein said control valve (12) capable of response said control signal (14) to change the flow rate of the fluid.


This paper reports on an improved model of coupled heat and moisture transfer with phase change and mobile condensates in fibrous insulation. The new model considered the moisture movement induced by the partial water vapor pressure, a super saturation state in condensing region as well as the dynamic moisture absorption of fibrous materials and the movement of liquid condensates. The results of the new model were compared and found in good agreement with the experimental ones. Numerical simulation was carried using the model to investigate the effect of various material parameters on the transport phenomena.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Background: Electronic adherence monitoring devices are increasingly being used in interventions to improve patient health behaviours, in particular medication adherence. Little is known about the patient-acceptability of these devices or how reliably the devices perform in children. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and reliability of an electronic adherence monitoring device in a childhood asthma population.

Methods: A total of 220 children, aged 6 to 15 years, presenting with asthma to the emergency department and prescribed inhaled corticosteroids for control of asthma, were included. Participants were randomized to receive an adherence monitoring device with twice-daily reminders for missed doses enabled (active group) or disabled (control group) as an adherence intervention. Quantitative and qualitative measures of device acceptability, utility and ergonomics were completed after six months. Device reliability tests were conducted before device issue and after device return.

Findings: Most (>90%) rated the device easy to use. Qualitative reports were high for device acceptability and across five other themes, including effect on medication use and on asthma control. The majority of devices passed pre-issue (84%) and return (87%) reliability testing. The most common error was failure to record one or more inhaler doses taken.

Discussion: This is the first study to investigate the acceptability and reliability of an electronic adherence monitoring device in children. Results indicate favourable acceptability that supports the potential use of these devices as adherence interventions. Device reliability was satisfactory, though failure rates of 13-16% highlight the importance of reliability testing before and after device use.


Objective To investigate the real type of the first earlier onset spinocerebellar ataxia family in China. Methods Two family members were subjected to autopsy, whose genetypings were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing technique. Golgi staining, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy methods were used to detect the neurodegeneration in central nervous system of 2 patients. Results The light microscopic and electron microscopic showed synaptic degeneration of Purkinje cell in the cerebellar cortex, which was accompanied by deterioration of Purkinje cell, and both inferior olivary complex, dentate nucleus and anterior central gyrus. Conclusions There is severer neurodegeneration in the central nervous system of earlier onset spiuocerebellar ataxia 6 patient, especially in cerebellar cortex, inferior olivary complex and dentate nucleus, and the neurodegeneration may depend on disease duration.

Key words:
Spinocerebellar ataxias;  Pedigree;  Purkinje cells;  Cerebellar nuclei


It is important for an incremental crawler to know how web pages evolve and the relation between their changing frequencies and the link-attributes such as indegrees. This paper proposes a model for incremental crawling and performs an experiment to verify the correlation between them, by monitoring the evolution of all the link-attributes of the web pages within one website. Particularly, we look deeply into one special kind of page named Index-pages. From the experiment, we can make four conclusions: (1) Pages which have bigger indegrees, outdegrees or PageRank values change more often, and these link-attributes all approximately obey a power-law distribution. (2) The link-attributes of pages seldom change though the pages change themselves. (3) A small proportion of the pages link to most of the vertexes in the web graph. (4) The Index-pages link to sizeable new pages in a website. These conclusions can be used to greatly enhance the performance of an incremental crawler, which is the foremost component for general search engines and web information stores.


For the design of Aluminium pool furnace, position of burner and pool depth effects on flow and temperature field in Aluminium pool furnace are examined by the commercial computational code, CFD-ACE+. From the results, position of burner which is on the same face in side wall is better to distribute the flow field in Al furnace. That yields temperature to distribute more uniformly. And the burner position is on upper wall, fire frame reach pool surface. Customer must consider that, because it make Aluminium to oxidize.


The paper is devoted to the analysis and design of C-2C ladder-based D/A convertors. First, it is shown that the conventional unit capacitor bottom plate parasitics result in unacceptably high (>0.5 LSB) nonlinearity of C-2C ladder D/A convertors. To this end, a unit capacitor C is proposed, which has linear floating bottom plate parasitics Cp. Two design approaches to 'design in' the linear parasitics are developed, one based on the assumption that Cp≪C and the other assuming Cp/C = 10%, culminating in 7-bit designs with nonlinearity as low as 0.095 . LSB. These 7-bit designs are then extended to 13 bits, which are adequate for designing both A- and μ -law PCM codecs.


Applied anthropology is typically associated with bringing anthropological methods and perspectives to the world outside of academia. However, we can "practice anthropology" within the academic world, too, by gearing the classes we teach towards helping students deal with issues that are of relevance to them, and by involving students in the process and application of anthropological research. This article discusses the importance of incorporating HIV/AIDS education into the college curriculum, and it illustrates some of the ways that students can be effectively involved in applied anthropological research concerning HIV/AIDS awareness and education on campus.


Reflected background infrared radiation is an important contributor to the aircraft total infrared radiation. A reverse Monte Carlo ray tracing method to compute the infrared radiation signature of aircraft was introduced. The impact of atmospheric and ground radiation on the long wave infrared radiation signature of aircraft at the altitude of 11 km is analysed. The flight speed is Mach 0.8. The horizontal detection directions, downward detection directions and upward detection directions are considered. The results show that in the horizontal plane, the ratio of reflected background infrared radiation to self infrared radiation is about 10 per cent in summer, and 7 per cent in winter; the ratio values distributed in the front and side of the aircraft are bigger than that in the rear; and the existence of atmospheric and ground infrared radiation makes the apparent radiance temperature of the lower part of the aircraft higher than that of the upper part of the aircraft.


Recent teaching duties have obliged me to reread the bulk of Unamuno's published writings. In this rereading I have been struck by three or four clusters of images that recur with what seems like obsessive frequency. The purpose of this essay is to exhibit these images and to attempt to discover what function they fulfill in Unamuno's writing.


The author James Norman is an American who has always lived in Mexico during the summer. He seems to love Mexican - Indian traditions and he is well acquainted with the pre-historic culture as it is shown in his book: "The Obsidian Mirror". "The Obsidian Mirror" is a mysterious story about
an archeologist: Quigley that lives in a small village
in Mexico-San Marcos. He is searching for antiques that
belong to some tribes of pre-historic Indians in order
to find out their mysteries. Quigley becomes so engaged in his work that his mind has reached a stage that is impossible to separate between Quigley the archeologist, and Quigley as an ancient Indian. The culture, the myth, the sensation of
Omen - characteristics of the Indians are within himself. As a result, Quigley acts sometimes as a real Indian.


The present study evaluated the effects of a brief positive practice overcorrection procedure in reducing inappropriate social behavior and increasing spontaneous toy play in a developmental^ disabled child. Using a reversal design, the child was observed interacting with a peer during a free-play activity. Under baseline conditions, no intervention occurred. During treatment, 30 seconds of practice at appropriate toy play was programmed whenever the child acted inappropriately towards his peer. This positive practice procedure proved to be effective in reducing the undesired social Interactions. In addition, appropriate toy play increased concurrent with positive practice treatment. These findings indicate that very brief periods of positive practice can be employed effectively by practitioners and support the re-educative function of overcorrection. ★ ★ ★ Positive practice is a method of intervention utilized frequently to reduce management problems. The procedure is based on the overcorrection principle presented originally by Foxx and Azrin (1972, 1973)-that individuals frequently misbehave because they do not possess the requisite skills to act appropriately. Therefore, the goal of treatment is to respond to misbehavior by teaching a more acceptable alternative response. With positive practice, this teaching is implemented by requiring rehearsal of appropriate behaviors contingent on the occurrence of the target problem. For example, if a child marked the walls of his home with crayons, positive practice would consist of having him practice using the crayons appropriately, perhaps by writing on paper or drawing in a coloring book. There exists a wealth of experimental evidence demonstrating that contingent positive practice can be extremely effective in reducing the problem behaviors of both normal and developmentally handicapped children (Foxx,


This article presents a critique of the solution of the Temporal Single System (TSS) for the problem of transforming values into prices, which establishes that values and prices are simultaneously determined in a succession of periods of production and circulation; the amount of money spent in the purchase of means of production and labor power are given; and money represents a denite number of labor hours. It shows that the TSS does not go beyond Samuelson-Steedman's criticism, according to which values and prices are separately determined. In their attempt to solve \Marx's lemma", the defenders of this approach re-read Marx's Capital, discard the long run equilibrium method, adopt an ideal concept of money in the place of commodity-money, abandon the axiom that value is not


We present characteristics of THz radiation from GaAs wafers with metallic nano-dot arrays under optical excitation. Periodic arrays of metallic nano-dots were introduced by a nano-imprinting technique. We found that the metallic nano-dot arrays can make the bandwidth of THz radiation from GaAs surfaces narrow.


Abstract Violent relaxation, the protocluster dynamical response to the expulsion of its residual star-forming gas, is a short albeit crucial episode in the evolution of star clusters and star cluster systems. Because it is heavily driven by cluster-formation and environmental conditions, it is a potentially highly rewarding phase in terms of probing star formation and galaxy evolution. In this contribution, I review how cluster-formation and environmental conditions affect the shape of the young cluster mass function and the relation between the present star-formation rate of galaxies and the mass of their young, most massive cluster.


The present paper deals with the Friction Stir Processing (FSP) of an AlSi6Cu4 cast aluminium alloy. The emphasis was placed on the determination of an influence FSP parameters and the torque action on the tool. It was found that an increase in rotational speed of the tool causes a decrease in the torque. Simultaneously, the results showed that an increase in travelling speed of the tool brings about an increase in the torque. The metallographic examination of the processed surface layer of the material has shown that the depth of the layer in which the microstructure was modified by the shoulder action depends to a large extent on the rotation speed and to a lesser extent on the travelling speed.


*Corresponding Author Abstract: It is the brand name and identity which build customer loyalty and place value on them, and consolidates the position of company and product in the market. The purpose of this research was to investigate "customer engagement with self-expressive brands, brand love and word-of-mouth marketing". The statistical population was all users of Telegram, Facebook and the other social networks in Isfahan. A sample of 384 individuals completed a 24-item standard questionnaire adopted from the Wallace and Chernatony research (2014). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed and validated using confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Structural equation modeling via LISREL was used for hypothesis testing. The results of the research showed that the self-expressive brand (inner self) has a positive direct effect on brand love and the effect size was 0.29; self-expressive brand (inner self) has a positive direct effect on word-of-mouth marketing and the effect size was 0.40; brand love has a positive direct effect on word-of-mouth marketing and the effect size was 0.31; brand love has a positive direct effect on brand admiration and the effect size was 0.66; and self-expressive brand (inner self) has a positive direct effect on brand admiration (acceptance) and the effect size was 0.16; however, self-expressive brand (social self) has no positive direct effect on brand love, brand admiration, and word-of-mouth marketing.


This article, published in 2001, considers the appropriate standards for monopolization cases in which the defendant has allegedly reduced innovation by refusing to deal with the plaintiffs. We note that claims of reduced innovation are problematic, particularly in dynamic markets, because economic theory does not often allow a confident prediction of what would have happened but for the defendant's conduct. Consequently, there is a danger that antitrust law will too readily shift the burden to the defendant to justify conduct simply because it has harmed a rival. We suggest that plaintiffs in such cases should be required to support their claims with a plausible theory and evidence, and that the burden should be greater in cases in which the defendant's conduct produced immediate consumer benefits.


Topical issues in oceanic engineering are the remediation of marine environments through the removal of unexploded ordnance and the countering of sea mines that threaten the freedom of the seas, especially the freedom of naval manoeuvre in littoral waters. The acoustic reflectivity properties of these potentially dangerous objects are of fundamental interest as active sonar systems are used to detect their presence in the underwater environment. The target strength of an insonified object defines the fraction of the incident sonar signal that is reflected or scattered backwards by the object. In general, the target strength of underwater objects is aspect dependent, so measurements are required over a complete (360deg) range of insonification angles. To achieve this for inert ordnance and exercise mines, a monostatic sonar (where the acoustic source and receiver are collocated at a large distance from the object) is fixed and the object is slowly rotated about its vertical axis in a dam environment. For each insonification angle, the echo returned from the object is composed of a number of components corresponding to discrete reflective regions (or highlights) on the object. Recent advances in ultra wideband sonar transducer technology enable these components to be resolved in the time domain. A further advance is to apply tomographic reconstruction techniques to the echo data to form an acoustic reflectivity map of the object. The map shows the shape of the object and the positions of various acoustic highlights.


The crucial factors of blood pressure measurement based on oscillography are the extraction of pulse waves and the determination algorithm.So this paper improved the nonlinear filter based on morphology,to extract pulse waves successfully.We combined wave characteristics and sphygmo-oscillographic method,realizing the determination algorithm of blood pressure.Experiments prove this algorithm effectively improved the measurement accuracy and repeatability than normalization coefficient method.


In the present study, polymerizable ionic liquids (ILs), 1-[ n -(methacryloyloxy)alkyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromides ( n = 2, 6, 7, or 10), were synthesized in high yields. Moreover, the compounds obtained ( n = 6, 7, or 10) were used in the preparation of composite materials comprising a polymerized IL matrix and a nonpolymerizable IL additive, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF_4]) in various proportions (up to 75% vol/vol of [EMIM][BF_4]). The UV-radiation-initiated photopolymerization process was monitored in situ by measuring the resistivities of the mixtures. An increase in [EMIM][BF_4] content in the composites led to an increase in the ionic conductivities of the materials while retaining their solid state at levels as high as 40% vol/vol of the [EMIM][BF_4] content. The 40% vol/vol composites had conductivities of approximately 10^−4 S/cm compared to the conductivities of 10^−5 S/cm for the corresponding neat polymerized ILs. Above this [EMIM][BF_4] content, the materials were sticky gels, and from 50% vol/vol onwards, entirely liquid.


Vancouver, Canada: Radius Gold Inc. (TSX-V: RDU) is pleased to announce that it has negotiated, subject to stock exchange approval, a non-brokered private placement of up to 10 million units at $0.35 per unit, for gross proceeds of up to $3.5 million. Each unit will consist of one common share and onehalf of a warrant, each whole warrant entitling the holder to purchase one additional common share at $0.50 exercisable for two years. If at any time from four months and one day after the closing of the financing, the volume-weighted average trading price of the Company's common shares on the TSX Venture Exchange over a period of 20 consecutive trading days exceeds $0.75, the Company may, within five days after such an event, provide notice to the warrant holders that the warrants will expire early, namely, on the date which is 30 calendar days after the date of such notice to the warrant holders. A finder's fee may be paid on a portion or all of the placement. The finder's fee will consist of 5% cash or shares, and 5% warrants, each such warrant entitling the holder to purchase one common share at $0.55 exercisable for one year. The net proceeds of the financing will be used for drilling of the Company's HB Project in Eastern Guatemala, and for general working capital purposes. About Radius Radius has been exploring for gold in Latin America for nearly a decade, and has assembled interests in a portfolio of promising gold projects throughout the region, including two carried, small-scale gold productions in Guatemala and Nicaragua. Radius also has two 100% owned exploration plays, the HB property in Guatemala and Sixty Mile property in the Yukon territory - with drilling campaigns for 2010 in the planning stages.


This work presents a current-mode inverse Class-D digital PA (DPA) with enhanced power back-off (PBO) efficiency. The PA adopts extra switches, which allows the scaling in the output voltage swing by half, leading to (theoretically) 6 dB enhancement in PBO efficiency while maintaining (ideally) 100% drain efficiency (DE). Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS, the proposed DPA shows the improvement in DE by ×1.5 at 4.2 dB PBO in comparison with normalized Class-B PA while requiring only one transformer and single-supply voltage.


A zero-dimensional system that is affected by field-dependent fluctuations evolves toward the field's values in which the fluctuations' effect is minimized. For a high enough noise intensity, it causes an exchange of roles between the stable and unstable state. In this paper, we report symmetry breaking in two stable states, but one of them stabilized by the fluctuations while exchanging its role with a previously stable state.


A panel fixing apparatus is provided to conveniently fix a panel to a profile by mounting a holder member to a base member. A panel fixing apparatus is composed of a base member(30) composed of a slit combining part(31) fixed to a slit groove of a profile and a holder mounting unit(32) formed near the slit combining part, a holder member(40) composed of a combining part(41) mounted on the holder mounting unit of the base member and a panel support part(42), and a panel auxiliary support part(50) which is formed in the site corresponding to the panel support part.


Objective: To understand the human plasma concentration of omeprazole. Methods: Using the internal standard method, 10 healthy volunteers on plasma concentrations of omeprazole HPLC assay. Results: The analysis showed, HPLC method recovery was 98.32%-104.96%, linear range of 10-2 000 μg/L; 10 volunteers the tmax=(2.09 ± 0.75) h, t1/2=(1.02±0.58) h, ρmax=(774.56±340.46) μg/L, MRT0→1=(3.02±0.83) h, AUC0→12=(1 751.42±1 230.68) μg·h/L, AUC0→∞=(1 784.50±1 298.44) μg·h/L. Conclusion: HPLC determination of omeprazole concentrations, that is sensitivity, specific, accurate and simple.


The bank's activity as an intermediary is to collect and distribute funds in the form of credit. Creditors in providing credit to debtors adhere to the principle of prudence, because creditors are faced with credit risk. For this reason, banks in providing credit to debtors have several conditions that must be met, including the existence of guarantees, both material (material) and immaterial (individual) guarantees. One form of individual guarantee is a guarantor (borghtoct), which is found in the case of the Supreme Court's Decision on Bankruptcy and PKPU. The research method used is normative research with a statutory approach. The results of the study found that the petitioned bankruptcy case was rejected or at least declared unacceptable because the PKPU applicant did not have legal standing because the facility agreement underlying the debt was legally invalid and therefore null and void, as well as the company guarantee deed as well as the legal limit.


The present invention belongs to the field of poultry feed technology, specifically to a meat large chicken feed and method for preparing the same. The meat large chicken feed is composed of the following components by weight parts: 30-80 parts of corn, 0-30 parts of wheat, 5-40 parts of bean pulp, 0-10 parts of peanut meal, 0-10 parts of cotton meal, 2-8 parts of corn protein powder, 0.5-5.0 parts of lipid, 1.0-6.0 parts of hypo-powder, 0.5-2.0 parts of mountain flour, 0.5-2.0 parts of calcium hydrogen orthophosphate, 0.2-0.4 parts of salt, 0.1-1.0 parts of complex vitamin; 0.1-1.0 parts of complex trace elements, 0.05-0.5 parts of micro-ecological formulation, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chinese herbal medicines additives, and 0.01-0.2 parts of phytase. The inventive meat large chicken feed has high digestibility, nutrient balance, low harmful components, and high security, so that the resistance of broiler chickens is increased and the pollution to the environment is significantly reduced.


The invention relates to an oxygen bottom-blowing smelting and liquid-state high-lead slag side-blowing direct reduction process, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The process mainly comprises the steps of: directly injecting liquid-state high-lead slag melt subjected to oxidization smelting by a bottom oxygen blowing smelting furnace into a reduction furnace, and directly reducing liquid-state high-lead slag into secondary lead bullion through side blowing in the reduction furnace by adopting crushed coal as fuel; and after high-sulfur smoke produced by the bottom oxygen blowing smelting furnace is subjected to waste heat recovery by a first waste heat boiler and dust collection by an electric dust collector, and delivering the high-sulfur smoke to a sulfuric acid workshop for acid making. According to the process disclosed by the invention, a blast furnace, a slag casting machine and corresponding auxiliary facilities are omitted, the advantages of little investment and high automation level are achieved, and the industrial production of low pollution and low-carbon and economy is realized.


Based on the first China's 8 regions interregional IOT,this paper analyses the intraregional multiplier effect of southwest region,and the interregional spillover effect between the southwest and other 7 regions in China.The result shows that there is much weaker economic relationship among provinces in southwest and the lower intraregional multiplier effect,the spillover effect of southwest to other regions is obviously higher than that of other regions to southwest,and there is no much lead to the economic development of southwest by the developed regions.Comparatively,the coastal region in south and the central region have relatively larger spillover effect to southwest.


The invention relates to a rotationally driven multi-bevel step tool, particularly a step drill for drilling into solid material, comprising a plurality of one-edged or multi-edged cutting steps which are arranged in a staggered manner in the cutting and advancing directions and each have a number of flutes that corresponds to the number of edges. Flutes (23, 33) adjoining each other in the circumferential direction are separated from each other by a web (24). According to the invention, the flues (23, 33) adjoining each other in the circumferential direction of two consecutive cutting steps (20, 30) in the cutting and advancing directions are connected to each other by a metal-cutting window (25) that is open on the circumferential side and interrupts the interposed web (24).


Problem Statement: Models of academic vocabulary use need to address discursive and functional linguistics perspectives in order to enhance construct validity and authenticity in academic vocabulary assessment, particularly with regard to the testing of word families. Purpose of Study: To provide a clearer picture of academic vocabulary use that can inform the design of academic vocabulary testing by enhancing construct validity and authenticity. Method: A survey of the literature on academic vocabulary has been conducted to present various perspectives and their shortcoming. Then, findings from the functional linguistics and discourse analysis traditions with regard to vocabulary use are discussed. An example of a testing item incorporating functional perspectives on the use of derivatives within a lemma is presented. Conclusion: Incorporating functional and discursive findings related to the discourse-structuring functions of multiple derivatives of a single lemma may lead to more valid and authentic academic vocabulary tests and teaching practices.


This chapter focuses on the Vietnam Communist Party's (VCP) efforts, especially in 2012, to promote its political legitimacy. In particular, the chapter will analyse Vietnam's recent endeavours in restructuring the economy and intensifying its fight against corruption. These two measures have been adopted by the VCP as a major part of its wider response to the perceived decline in its performance-based legitimacy due to the country's enduring socioeconomic difficulties over the past few years. The chapter will argue that although both the economic restructuring and the fight against corruption have achieved certain progress, the actual results still leave much to be desired mainly because of the VCP's unwillingness to embrace radical measures to reform the economy and to make its fight against corruption truly effective. As a result, although the two measures tend to help the VCP gain more popular support in the short term, whether or not they are sufficient to significantly improve the VCP's political legitimacy in the long run is still unclear. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first section analyses the rationale behind the VCP's twin efforts by providing a background of Vietnam's socio-economic and political conditions in recent years. The second


Abstract This study deals with 137Cs dispersion and behaviour in the Aegean and Ionian Sea based on work done during the period 1984–1994, as a brief general review. Sea water, sediment and marine biota were analysed and measured by gamma spectrometry and the activity concentrations of 137Cs were evaluated with consideration to the sources of pollution. According to 137Cs levels the period is distinguished into three sub-periods, the pre-Chernobyl, the early Chernobyl influence and the late Chernobyl influence period. During the early period of the Chernobyl accident the 137Cs levels in the Greek marine environment increased roughly up to an order of magnitude if compared with the pre-accident ones. Since 1988, the late impact of the accident is focused mainly in the North Aegean Sea, at the Dardanelles mouth, due to the Black Sea outflow.


Algorithms to identify 2-D geometric features from the vectorized form of a scanned engineering drawing have been developed. These are based on a pattern matching process where the entities present in the vectorized drawing are checked for specific pattern primitives. The pattern primitives present in an entity are compared with the overall direction of the entity to arrive at the 2-D features that are present. A library of 2-D geometric features has been developed for comparative purposes. For 3-D reconstruction and feature recognition a separation reference point is first found in order to group the entities into their respective views, i.e., top, front, and right side view. This separation reference point is then used to transfer the points belonging to the three orthographic views, expressed in the 2-D coordinate system, to a 3-D coordinate system. The 2-D feature recognition algorithm is applied to each of the three views and the 2-D features recognized in each view are combined using a set of matching primitives and matching rules to arrive at the 3-D features present in the component. 3-D features with linear sweep or rotational sweep and uniform thickness can be recognized.


In order to solve the problem of unsatisfactory DeepLabv3+ segmentation of some small target objects and the details loss caused by only one scale coding features in the decoding stage, proposed a semantic segmentation algorithm based on attention mechanism and strip pooling . In the coding stage, a strip of attention refinement module is introduced after the backbone network to increase the receptive field in the horizontal and vertical directions of the coding stage and improve the perception ability of small target information. Refactoring ASPP modules with improved mixed strip pooling modules to enhance contextual information relevance and generate richer high-level semantic features. In the decoding stage, a spatial attention feature fusion module is designed to integrate multi-scale features extracted from the backbone network and enrich low-level semantic features. Experiments in Cityscapes datasets show that the algorithm can effectively enhance the feature extraction capability and small target perception, and alleviate the problem of detail loss.


Purpose: This paper is an inquiry into the issue of bureaucratic corruption in Nigeria and how e-governance can serve as a panacea. The purpose of the paper is to assess the link between e-governance and bureaucratic corruption in Nigeria. Public officials' perceptions of bureaucratic corruption and e-governance in the country are also examined. Methodology: The paper brings together anecdotal and statistical evidence that indicates a significant nexus between e-governance and reduction of bureaucratic corruption. It is based on surveys with the use of a structured questionnaire. Conclusions are drawn from the combination of descriptive and inferential analysis. The survey covers a total of 125 respondents using random sampling. Findings: Principally, the paper reveals that bureaucratic corruption is visible and rampant in Nigeria and a great number of people are of the view that e-governance can help in curbing bureaucratic corruption in the country. The results suggest that e-governance initiatives, if genuinely implemented, will result in the reduction of bureaucratic corruption in Nigerian public sector. This reduction in bureaucratic corruption will further have a positive effect on the society in achieving good governance and societal harmony. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: To this end, the paper briefly provides a theoretical discussion of technology and bureaucratic corruption as held by different scholars, including Marx and Smith, Joseph, Ekeh, and Ake. It explains that e-governance is gaining popularity as a mechanism for enhanced public service delivery in underdeveloped and developing countries. It also argues that e-governance is capable of reducing bureaucratic corruption risks via improving public officials' monitoring and ensuring that the need for citizen interaction with gatekeepers for key services is reduced.


In this paper we consider large linear fixed point problems and solution with proximal algorithms. We show that, under certain assumptions, there is a close connection between proximal iterations, which are prominent in numerical analysis and optimization, and multistep methods of the temporal difference type such as TD(lambda), LSTD(lambda), and LSPE(lambda), which are central in simulation-based approximate dynamic programming. As an application of this connection, we show that we may accelerate the standard proximal algorithm by extrapolation towards the multistep iteration, which generically has a faster convergence rate. We also use the connection with multistep methods to integrate into the proximal algorithmic context several new ideas that have emerged in the approximate dynamic programming context. In particular, we consider algorithms that project each proximal iterate onto the subspace spanned by a small number of basis functions, using low-dimensional calculations and simulation, and we discuss various algorithmic options from approximate dynamic programming.


A technical design of the device for detection of delayed neutrons emitted from neutronactivated fissionable material samples has been performed according to physical assumptions which were earlier elaborated. The DET-12 device was constructed. The detection system was composed, consisting of twelve 3 He neutron detectors, related electronics lines, and the data acquisition and recording system. The detectors were adjusted to work in groups by three connected to one preamplifier, considering a weak intensity of emission of the delayed neutrons. Laboratory measurement tests of the device operation were made with use of an isotopic neutron source. A total efficiency of neutron detection in DET-12 was experimentally determined and a relative benchmark calculation was made by means of a Monte Carlo modelling of the neutron transport in the device from the source to detectors.


The role of the endocrinologist in an in virro fertilization (IVF) program has three main aspects. First, a form of ovarian stimulation should be developed that provides adequate follicular growth for oocyte collection. The type of stimulation should be reproducible and capable of application to most subjects. Second, an attempt should be made to establish criteria that determine the day of the stimulated cycle on which hCG should be given. Third, analyses of successful and unsuccessful cycles should be performed to identify endocrine indices of known fertility prognosis. These indices, when identified, should be used prospectively in the IVF program to assess their actual usefulness in increasing pregnancy rates. As part of a presentation a t the Recent Progress in Human IVF Congress in Vienna in 1983, McBain et al.' presented data that showed that in IVF cycles stimulated with clomiphene and hMG, a fall in plasma estradiol levels following the administration of hCG led to a statistically significant decrease in the pregnancy rate in such cycles compared with that of cycles in which the plasma estradiol level rose after the administration of hCG. Further analysis of a larger number of IVF cycles showed that this difference in pregnancy rate could no longer be demonstrated.' Having thus issued a cautionary note on the dangers of finding significant differences in pregnancy rate in small groups of subjects in IVF programs, we wish to present another endocrine index that may have some value in increasing success in IVF programs. In a retrospective analysis of our ovarian stimulation program, it was observed that the highest pregnancy rate was obtained when hCG was given on the evening of the sixth day of sustained estradiol rise. The results of this analysis and its theoretical basis will be presented elsewhere in this volume. This theory was tested by our conducting a randomized prospective trial to compare the pregnancy rates obtained between two groups. Subjects were allocated randomly on day 1 of the cycle to ovarian stimulation by either clomiphene/hMG or hMG only. Random allocation also occurred a t this time in terms of the criteria for administering hCG. One group was designated to be given hCG by usual criteria' and the other to be given hCG on the evening of the sixth day of significant rise in plasma estradiol (hCG--6day group). Where a subject allocated to clomiphene/hMG stimulation had been shown previously to have an inadequate follicular response to this regimen, an exception was


Using two normative datasets of the Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT), variability in creativity was studied in terms of growth over a period and gender comparison at a time point. New indices were introduced to tap growth in variability for men and women and new results were obtained for the growth in variability of various creative abilities measured by the WKCT. It was found that both male variability and female variability increased with time in both verbal and figural fluency, flexibility, uniqueness, and unusualness. For gender comparison of variability at a time point, the widely accepted gender-difference variance ratio was employed. In line with previous cognitive-intellectual research findings, results of this study showed that the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis had supportive evidence from responses to figural stimuli but not responses to verbal stimuli of the WKCT. The findings and the advantages of the new indices were discussed.


The concept of teamwork, never before in the history of the work, had greater
importance for the functioning of successful organizations, as it is today.
In the new era of rapid change and global economy, teamwork dramatically
affects the performance of organizations. Most organizations rely on teams in the
effective execution of tasks and accomplishing the goal, because teamwork provides
the performance improvement, share responsibility, creates an atmosphere of trust,
support and reliability. Teamwork increases motivation and employee satisfaction,
commitment to work, releases creativity and creates skills.
Since teamwork is considered as a modern form of the top management
organizational structure, for most of the Macedonian organizations, it is extremely
important to learn the benefits of teamwork in order to enhance performance,
increase effectiveness and efficiency in operations, and achieve quality and
competitive price, products and services.


A 3-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was presented with signs of progressive muscular hypertrophy. A diagnosis of hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy was made through the typical clinical presentation in cats and through the results of medical imaging and electrodiagnostics and the findings on histopathology and immunohistochemistry of muscle biopsies. The cat was initially successfully treated with prednisolone. Eight months after presentation, however, the cat was euthanized because of acute renal failure. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy in a domestic cat in Belgium.


The instability of the lumbosacral spine is determined by a disability to maintain the connections between vertebrae, to prevent their displacement depending on the load and physiological position of the body, which from the standpoint of biomechanics leads to a violation of the proper functioning of the spine. Depending on the violation of the constituent element of the vertebral-motor segment, there are three types of instability: discogenic, discartrogenic (retrolisthetic type) and discartroosteogenic (antelisthetic type). The clinical picture of spinal instability is characterized by a violation of the supporting function and the failure of the supporting complexes, the formation of spinal deformities, which causes irritation of the spinal cord and is accompanied by pain syndrome, muscle tension, movement restriction and neurological disorders. The clinical symptoms of instability in the lumbosacral spine include: the «tightrope walker» gait, with pronounced deformities accompanied by a «duck» gait; the «step» symptom; the «reins» symptom; increased pain syndrome during movements in the spine; an increase in lumbar lordosis; horizontal location of the sacrum; hypotrophy of the gluteal muscle. The main tools for diagnosing instability are functional radiographs, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and the use of the scoring method. Treatment of instability in the lumbosacral spine depends on the underlying disease. The main method of surgical treatment of instability in the spinal-motor segment is decompressive-stabilizing surgical interventions, taking into account the correction of the vertebral-pelvic relationships using modern interbody implants.


A map $\Phi$ between matrices is said to be zero product preserving if $$ \Phi(A)\Phi(B) = 0 \quad \text{whenever}\quad AB = 0. $$ In this paper, we give concrete descriptions of an additive/linear zero product preserver $\Phi: {\bf M}_n(\mathbb{F}) \rightarrow {\bf M}_r(\mathbb{F})$ between matrix algebras of different dimensions over an arbitrary field $\mathbb{F}$. In particular, we show that if $\Phi$ is linear and preserves zero products then $$ \Phi(A)= S\begin{pmatrix} R_1 \otimes A&0 \cr 0&\Phi_0(A)\end{pmatrix} S^{-1}, $$ for some invertible matrices $R_1$ in ${\bf M}_k(\mathbb{F})$, $S$ in ${\bf M}_r(\mathbb{F})$ and a zero product preserving linear map $\Phi_0: {\bf M}_n(\mathbb{F}) \rightarrow {\bf M}_{r-nk}(\mathbb{F})$ into nilpotent matrices. If $\Phi(I_n)$ is invertible, then $\Phi_0$ is vacuous. In general, the structure of $\Phi_0$ could be quite arbitrary, especially when $\Phi_0({\bf M}_n(\mathbb{F}))$ has trivial multiplication, i.e., $\Phi_0(X)\Phi_0(Y) = 0$ for all $X, Y$ in ${\bf M}_n(\mathbb{F})$. We show that if $\Phi_0(I_n) = 0$ or $r-nk \le n+1$, then $\Phi_0({\bf M}_n(\mathbb{F}))$ indeed has trivial multiplication. More generally, we characterize subspaces ${\bf V}$ of square matrices satisfying $XY = 0$ for any $X, Y \in {\bf V}$. Similar results for double zero product preserving maps are obtained.


Using recent cross-national data this paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on entrepreneurship activity. The impact of FDI on entrepreneurship is not clear a priori with the possibilities of both a negative effect (crowding out) and a positive effect (synergy or complementarity). Results find support for the crowding out effect; however, this effect varies across nations with different prevalence of entrepreneurship. Another focus of this work is on gender differences. The crowding out effect is stronger for the full sample, rather than the subsample of female entrepreneurship and this finding stands up to a battery of robustness checks. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.


The study of materials in an extremely high-temperature environment above 3000 K is still very challenging. The space and aeronautics industries, nuclear fusion plants, designs of new materials, defense industries and so on require the application of fundamental science in such extreme environments. However, high-temperature conditions cannot be easily obtained and controlled, and measurements of material properties are difficult without special tools and proper knowledge of the environment. One solution to resolve the difficulties at high temperature is to use levitation techniques because such techniques can isolate the extreme condition in space. Here, electrostatic levitation (ESL), which makes possible the study, the properties of materials at high temperature, will be introduced. ESL can be used at temperatures as high as 4000 K without contamination under high vacuum and can be used to measure phase-transition temperatures, specific heats, densities of liquids and solids, and the viscosities and surface tensions of liquids. ESL can also provide deep supercooling which cannot be obtained by using contact methods. Supercooling is important in order to achieve new materials, and an understanding of crystal formation and growth, as well as glass formation and transition. In this review, the principle of ESL, its use to measure physical properties, and its applications for nucleation and glass formation will be discussed. 서 론


We present the results of a parametric study of the interaction of intense laser pulse of intensity varying from 10 18 W/cm 2 up to 10 21 W/cm 2 with plasmas of density ranging from 10 times up to 160 times critical density. This study has been performed with the help of large 2D and 3D PIC simulations. It gives clear evidences that the divergence of the beam is an intrinsic property of the interaction of a laser pulse with a sharp density gradient. This divergence is related to the excitation of large static magnetic fields in the layer of interaction. The effective spread is a complex balance between the intensity of the beam and the plasma density.


never received the recognition of their predecessors, who continued to write well into the seventies. At the end of the century, new talents had difficulties in finding their own way to recognition. For the many poets of lesser renown in their time, Emma Lazarus and Paul Laurence Dunbar are briefly discussed as representing minorities who made themselves heard in American literature more intensively in our century. The development of American poetry traced in this study starts with poetry that (in spite of its particularities) could still be considered as an integral part of English poetry. It eventually develops its own characteristics and achieves its independence during its first flowering between 1830 and 1880. Like the rest of poetry in the Western world, it followed the path from late baroque through neoclassicism, and pre-Romanticism to Romanticism and its various successors. On this path, the theocentric outlook determining the earlier poetry turns into an egocentric one that finds its expression above all in the poetry of Emerson and Whitman but shows itself already in retreat in that of Dickinson. American poetry cannot be reduced to a single tradition. It is rather characterized by its diversity. Part of it developed parallel to but independently of English poetry. Part of it tried to make a new beginning by celebrating the adventure of the New World in new forms. Other parts of it dedicate themselves (as in the case of Poe) to an exclusively aesthetic reality or (as in the case of Dickinson) to a reality available only by the manipulation of the linguistic medium and the evasion of all sensual experience. As far as poetic technique is concerned, the American contribution consists in activating its function of creating new meanings and in finding an alternative to metrical poetry in the rhetorically effective poetry of free rhythm.


– A fixation device was designed for studying the reproducibility of the depth of vestibular sulcus impressions of edentulous jaws. The device was tested on five edentulous persons, in each of which five frontal impressions were taken with a single brand of zinc oxide-eugenol paste. The results of the measurements indicate that with tiie described equipment it was possible, with a probability of 95 %, to retake a frontal vestibular sulcus impression with an accuracy of ± 1.2 mm.


The nonlinear response characteristics of a capacitive pressure sensor (CPS) changes when ambient temperature changes widely. In such condition, the calibration becomes difficult and to obtain accurate pressure readout, appropriate compensation to the CPS characteristics is needed. We propose an intelligent CPS using rough set neural networks (RSNN) to provide self-calibration and compensation. The proposed model based on rough set and neural networks can provide the calibrated response characteristics irrespective of change in the sensor characteristics due to change in ambient temperature using rough set theory and compensates the nonlinearity in the respond characteristics using neural networks. Simulation results show that this model can estimate the pressure with a maximum full-scale error of plusmn2.5 percent over a variation of temperature from -50degC to 150degC


This chapter presents salient examples in the use and performance of animal models of cryptococcal infection, particularly murine and rabbit models, and demonstrate how these models in conjunction with the application of emerging technologies have advanced our knowledge about this disease. In the current era of increasingly more stringent regulations on the use of laboratory animals, it is no longer acceptable to most Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees for the investigator to allow the experimental animals to die of infection. Mice are the most frequently used species for cryptococcal models and can be infected by one of several routes. Intraperitoneal infection using 105 to 107 yeast cells is technically easy to master, and many mice can be infected quickly. Human cryptococcosis is acquired via inhalation, and thus, pulmonary models of infection are better mimics of the natural disease progression. The use of rabbits in models of fungal infection has been much more limited than the use of rodents. Prevention of infection is even more desirable, and vaccine studies in animal models have been done in the field of cryptococcosis.


HALF A million health professionals in the United States are being vaccinated against smallpox despite calls from nurses for the programme to be postponed. The mass vaccination programme started last week as the US stepped up its preparations for responding to a bioterrorist attack.


A total of 197 Year 9 and 10 students, 74 of whom had learning difficulties (LD), from two high schools in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland, Australia, self-reported their substance use. Seventeen substances, including two fictitious ones to detect over-reporting, were presented to participants for them to indicate their current usage, ex-usage, or non-usage. The findings revealed that participants were most likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. A series of Chi-square (χ2) analyses found that male students with LD and female students without LD were at greatest risk of substance use, overall. These findings are discussed in the light of the previous limited research pertaining to substance use amongst students with LD.


Michel Foucault's seminal reading of Le Neveu de Rameau in his Histoire de la folie extols Diderot's novel as a dialogue between Reason and Insanity at a moment in history when, as Foucault sees it, "Classical Reason" drove Madness out of the accepted social and intellectual realms of the age. The foregoing article questions the legitimacy of this interpretation, arguing that Diderot's celebrated dialogue actually opposes "Philosophical Reason" and "Cynical Reason"' and openly taking a stand against the latter.


We live in an era of increasing scrutiny of our medical practices by various governmental agencies at the local, state, and federal levels and by the public through access to governmental statistics and social media "surveys" and reviews. Public disclosure of "quality" data is a key component of health care reform efforts. As a result, the burden on all health care providers—from hospitals to individual physicians—to provide mandatory data has increased dramatically.

Data on aesthetic surgery are less important to governmental data collectors because payment for these procedures usually is not provided by governmental programs (eg, Medicare, Medicaid) or third-party health insurance. Even though the stated goal of health care reform is to improve quality …


. We present a family of conforming finite elements for the Stokes problem on general triangular meshes in two dimensions. The lowest order case consists of enriched piecewise linear polynomials for the velocity and piecewise constant polynomials for the pressure. We show that the elements satisfy the inf-sup condition and converges with order k for both the velocity and pressure. Moreover, the pressure space is exactly the divergence of the corresponding space for the velocity. Therefore the discretely divergence-free functions are divergence-free pointwise. We also show how the proposed elements are related to a class of C 1 elements through the use of a discrete de Rham complex.


This study investigated the effect of Jigsaw IV, Group Investigation and Reversed Jigsaw cooperative instructional strategies on achievement and of Basic Science students. A simple random sampling procedure was employed to select 167 JSS II students from four public co-education schools in Benue North Senatorial Zone, Benue State, Nigeria. Quasi experimental research design was employed for the study. Two research questions and two research hypotheses guided the study. Basic Science Student's Achievement Test (BSSAT) was used as instruments for data collection. The reliability of BSSAT was determined using K-R21 formula and the reliability coefficient obtained was 0.85. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Scheffe's Post-hoc test was used to determine the magnitude of the differences among the strategies of instruction used. The findings of the study revealed that significant differences were found in the mean achievement and retention scores of students taught using Jigsaw IV, Group Investigation, Reversed Jigsaw cooperative instructional strategies and the conventional demonstration method in favour of the three cooperative instructional strategies.


Abstract : This handbook provides a brief description of the IBM 360/44 computer system at USAFETAC Scott AFB, Illinois. Descriptions of the system configuration, system organization, and system programming are included. (Author)


This is a study about text structure in job vacancy genre. The writer observes job vacancy advertisements taken from the Jakarta Post on February 2008, Saturday edition. The data is analyzed by using text structure theory proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1989). The writer finds that the texts which have been analyzed have different actual structures. However, all of the texts share some obligatory elements such as CN, P, RQ, AP and CA. In addition, after comparing the actual structures of every text, the writer concludes that the GSP of job vacancy advertisements in the Jakarta Post is [(AI)^]CN.^(S.)^(CpD.)^P.^[(L.)^(PD.)^(JD.)^RQ.^(SD.)^(WP.)^][(F.)^ AP.^] [(CD.)^(PP.)^CA.]^(SN.)^(FI.) Furthermore, the optional elements in job vacancy advertisements are AI, S, CpD, L, PD, JD, SD, WP, F, CD, PP, SN and FI while the iterative elements are P, RQ, and WP.


Coral reefs are an important coastal eco-system in Sri Lanka. Current study was conducted on Vankalai area regarding to develop new method of remote sensing technique to mapping and monitoring the particular coral reef eco-system. Downloaded Landsat 8 satellite images were processed under the three headings which are preprocessing, processing and post processing. Image preprocessing is used to eliminate errors in satellite images. Depending upon the source of error, inadequacy revision and imperfection expulsion are separated into two types such as radiometric correction and geometric correction. In radiometric correction the foremost requirement is to conversion of DN values to spectral radiance values. And the next step is conversion of radiance values to Top of Atmospheric (TOA) reflectance which could be identify as a unit less ratio measurement. Normalized difference water index was used to enhance water features and suppress the land area. Different types of bottom substrates were identified using Depth invariant index (DII) for study area and which are classified according to the bottom substrate using unsupervised classification. Five types of different spectral classes were identified using developed method which are coral reef, rough bottom, vegetation cover, sandy bottom and deep muddy area. These spectral classes are related to elevation of benthic habitat. Ultimately map was generated with regarding to the bottom substrate for particular study area using Landsat 8 image. It is an extensive reef area but lack of details yet. This study is the first attempt to use Landsat 8 for coral reef mapping in Sri Lanka.


The major cellular pathways for protein and organelle turnover are autophagy and proteasome-mediated degradation. These processes are important to maintain a well-controlled balance between anabolism and catabolism in order to have normal cell growth and development. They play an essential role


1 Background 2 The commonly used sedation techniques for an awake craniotomy includes monitored 3 anesthesia care(MAC), using an unprotected airway, or the asleep-awake-asleep(AAA) 4 technique, using a partially or totally protected a irw y. We present a comparative analysis 5 between the MAC and AAA technique evaluating anesth etic management, perioperative 6 outcomes, and complications in a consecutive series of patients undergoing the removal of an 7 eloquent brain lesion. 8 Methods 9 Eighty-one patients underwent an awake craniotomy f or an intracranial lesion over a 10 nine-year period by a single-surgeon and a team of anesthesiologists. Fifty patients underwent 11 the MAC technique and thirty-one patients underwent the AAA technique. Retrospective 12 analysis regarding anesthetic management, intraoper tiv complications, postoperative 13 outcomes, pain management, and complications were p r sented. 14 Results 15 Similar preoperative patient and tumor characterist ics were found in the two groups. 16 Operative time was found to be shorter in the MAC g roup(283.5 mins) versus the AAA(313.3 17 mins, p=0.038). Hypertension was the most common intraoperative complication 18 encountered(MAC: 8% vs AAA: 9.7%, p=0.794). Intraop erative seizures occurred at a rate of 19 4% in the MAC group and 3.2% in the AAA group(p=0.8 58). Awake cases were converted to 20 general anesthesia in none of the MAC group and in 1 patient(3.2%) from the AAA 21 cohort(p=0.201). No cases were aborted in either co hort. The mean hospital stay was 3.98 and 22 3.84 days in the MAC and AAA group, respectively(p= 0.833). 23 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Anesthesia techniques for awake craniotomy 3 Conclusions 1 Both the MAC and AAA sedation techniques provide e fficacious and safe methods for 2 managing awake craniotomy cases that produce simila r perioperative outcomes, with the MAC 3 technique being associated with shorter operative c as s. 4


Abstract This article addresses the problems of older suburbs bordering central cities; these suburbs are now experiencing many of the same symptoms of decline as the central cities themselves. We analyze this issue by recounting the experience of the inner (or first) suburbs of Cleveland and the First Suburbs Consortium (FSC), which was formed in 1997 to counteract sprawl in the metropolitan region. We analyze the impact of FSC both on its suburban members and also on state policies affecting older suburbs. FSC can point to several programs that it has developed to improve housing and commercial development among its 16 members. It also has joined with other similar Ohio suburbs to advocate and to lobby for changes in state policies (so far unsuccessfully) to provide more assistance to older suburbs. Nevertheless, FSC has been recognized as a national role model.


Currently, the management of many Ukrainian companies is faced with the problem of generational change in company's personnel structure, while it is important to take into account the impact of the war in Ukraine, which affects the psychological state of a company's personnel. Therefore, the management of companies faces the problem of creating a comfortable psychological climate and adapting the organizational culture to new realities and a new staff composition. Thus, the generation of baby boomers is gradually retiring due to age, and the generation of millennials is increasingly joining the workforce of Ukrainian companies, and generation Z is also actively beginning to grow and mature. Such changes in the composition of company personnel lead to the need to adapt the organizational culture of companies to the values that are important for representatives of these generations. People of the same generation are united by an economic or social context. Each generation has its own formed system of priorities and personal views of life, developed under the influence of many environmental factors of the era, and the change of these values is repeated periodically.


From the two aspects of physiology and psychology I expound comprehensively that taking exercise can improve people's metabolism effectively and actively. It also can make the organs full of energy and develop the person's latent energy and physical ability. There by, we can promise longevity. Taking exercise has its' own realistic significance that improving all the people's consciousness of physical education and promoting all the people's body-building.