Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common diseases in elderly men. Recently, the old-aged population has increased, with the interest in the clinical importance of BPH ever growing. Catechin, an extract of green tea, has the effect of the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Typically, BPH has been shown to be influenced by 5-alpha reductase. Therefore, the relationship between BPH and catechin was evaluated. Materials and Methods: An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of testosterone propionate, 3mg/kg sc, for 4 weeks. The Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: the control, BPH-induced, oral finasteride ingestion and oral catechin ingestion groups. After 4 weeks, the prostates were removed, and analyzed for their prostatic weight and histological examination. Results: The prostate weights were measured in each group, and found to be 330.0±40.7, 970.0±1.1, 358.0±39.9 and 415.0±45.3mg in the control, BPH-induced, oral finasteride ingestion and oral catechin ingestion groups, respectively. The oral finasteride and catechin ingestion groups showed statistically significant decreases in their prostatic weights compared with the BPH-induced group (p 0.05). Histologically injected testosterone lead to prostatic hyperplasia in rats, but oral catechin ingestion decreased this change. Conclusions: These results suggest that catechin may be effective in BPH, and the consumption of green tea may be effective in preventing BPH. (Korean J Urol 2006;47:1289-1293) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ


The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of Cloud Computing adoption within Romanian Small and Medium sized Enterprises in the digital age. Most of the scientific papers related to this topic examine the general outlook of cloud computing implementation in Romania and focus on the use of the afore-mentioned technologies by large scale companies. In order to identify the factors that have an influence over the choice of Romanian SMEs to adopt cloud computing technology, a conceptual model has been set forth. The model's dependent variable is the choice of the company's management to implement cloud computing technologies. Five different independent types of variable structures which have an effect on the adoption of cloud computing within SMEs were identified. The five categories of variables are competition & government, ICT providers & firm departments, employee, manager and technological factors. Each of these categories of determinants encompasses at their turn two or more constructs.

An online survey tested the model based on the responses of managers and directors from 198 Romanian SMEs from the cities of Bucharest and Cluj. The validity of the model was performed by completing factor analysis and reliability tests of the data; a logistic regression analysis was deployed to test the research hypotheses. The results emphasized that the managers' know-how on cloud computing and the perceived costs of implementing the technology represent the main components influencing the spreading of cloud computing among Romanian SMEs. This study makes a valuable contribution to the academic environment but to businesses as well. The model can be used to examine the implementation of different innovative applications. Companies which offer cloud computing services could take advantage of the outcomes of this study to expand the degree of cloud service introduction among SMEs.


Slope failure resulting from heavy rainfall on rail road lines is a common occurrence, making it essential to minimize the phenomenon in the interests of maintaining safe, punctual train operation. It is also necessary to evaluate disaster risk of individual slopes by considering the probability and potential cost of rainfall-related slope failure. We developed a method to evaluate disaster risk for slope failure using a risk estimation technique. This paper describes this developed method, and the method of priority determination for investment to prevent slope failure caused by intense rainfall using this developed technique.


The research aimed to study the performance characteristics of male and female finalists at a 100m distance when swimming at the Latvian swimming championships in a period from 2018 to 2020 (in the 50m pool). 262 final heats got analyzed. The results of the 3 best Latvian swimmers, males=36, and females-36, at each 100m distance (freestyle, breaststroke, backstroke, and butterfly) at championships in 2018, 2019, and 2020 have been analysed. The parameters for overcoming competitive distance: competitive result in the 100-meter distance; the start reaction time; time for the 15 meters mark; speed to the 15 meters mark; the time of the turn 5 meters up to the wall and 15 meters after the turn; underwater distance and time after the start and after turning; time of "clear" swimming. The obtained results were compared to the characteristics of overcoming the same competitive distance by the finalists of the European Championship 2016. As a result of comparative analysis, statistically, significant differences were found in such parameters of competitive activity as the overall result, overcoming of starting and turning parts, and the distance covered under water after the turn and start. Statistically significant differences were not found in the reaction time to the start signal and in the speed of "clear" swimming. The comparative analysis of the performance characteristics of the European Championships finalists showed possibilities for further improvements of Latvian swimmers. The aim: is to determine the performance parameters of the Latvian best swimmers and compare them with the same parameters of the finalists of the European Championship 2016.


Combined with the characteristics of scientific researches; The paper studies the aim and content of evaluation of scientific achievements in medical science so as to provide evidence for perfecting evaluation work of scientific a chievements in medical science.


The purpose of the present experiment was to show that shifts in risk taking could be produced not only by group discussion but also by group game playing , and the degree of such shift would depend on the player's role taking . Secondly, we were interested in confirming the authors' hypothesis that Ss would prefer the win-earlier strategy other things being equal. We used a 2-person zerosum game to be played between a single player and a group player , the latter consisting of three members whose decision was made through discussion or solely by the group leader appointed by E. Results: (1) Risky shift was produced by game playing, and the degree of the shifts was dependent on the role structure in the case of the group player. (2) The majority of players preferred the win-earlier strategy—to be termed earliness effect .


Hyrdoelectric power generation is of high importance in Sweden, as almost half of the electricity production in the country depends on hydroelectric powerplants. Cooling of the hydro power generators is a main design concern as it affects both the efficiency of the powerplants in delivering electricity as well as the lifetimes of certain generator components, such as paper insulations. In this work the air flow inside an electric generator has been modeled to further be used in heat transfer simulations. Different rotor and stator layouts have been tested and the results compared to each other. The OpenFOAM results have also been validated against experiments, and the comparisons will be presented in this work. The numerical results will be presented for both steady-state and unsteady cases. The turbulence has been modeled using the low-Re Launder-Sharma k − e turbulence model and the computational domain is generated fully parameterized in blockMesh. Figure 1 shows the generator in the present work. The front parts of the stator have been made transparent to allow for a better understanding of the geometric details.


The current study aims at observing the political and economic conditions which are found and implemented by the President Kubitschek government. The conditions provided the Plan of Goals implantation and the economic growth from 1956 to 1960. The work revisits the historical and political system of Kubitschek's government through the ideology of development, political-military alliances and the international cooperation in order to break the industrial and economic delay. It also describes the planning process of the Plan of Goals, origins, acting fields and consolidated strategies in the parallel administration for the banning of the bottlenecks and internal and external uncertainty zones. As a result, high rates of investment point out success at increasing rates of the Gross Fixed Capital Formation, the Gross National Product growth -average of 8,1% a year -and the industry of capital goods at 26,4%, increasing of the production of intermediate goods and durable consumer goods, besides other specific aims proposed in the Plan of Goals. In order to achieve success, the political articulation in the National Congress and the arrangements with the military in favor of the application of the plan are crucial, as well as the management of the applied economic policies, such as, exchange (tax control, via instructions 70 and 113 of SUMOC, and later in the tax law enforcement), fiscal (taxation and budgetary and non-budgetary income), and monetary (credit expansion, currency issuance). Finally, the economic result is successful in relation to the changes of the productive structure placed under the new articulation among the State, national capital, and international capital


This research presents seismic behaviors of the piloti-type five story building with the buckling-restrained brace considered as a time-dependent element under variousmultiple earthquakes. The time-dependent element having birth and death time is an advanced element, which can freely be activated within the user defined time intervals during the time history analysis. In this study, the buckling-restrained brace with the channel sections that had the largest energy dissipation capacity among the specimens in the previous research was considered as the time-dependent element. It was assumed that the analytical model maintained the damages caused by the first earthquake and then the buckling-restrained braces were retrofitted at the first story composed withmoment frame of the building before the second of the multiple earthquakes occurred. The seismic response of the non-seismic building with or without considering the time-dependent element was compared. In addition, the differences of the cumulative damages subjected to the variousmultiple earthquakes were investigated considering the damage index specified in FEMA 356(Federal Emergency Management Agency)


Negative electron affinity (NEA) GaAs photocathodes have attracted a wide scope of interest because of their high quantum efficiency and low dark emission. Traditionally, fabrication of GaAs photocathodes has taken two approaches: molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Understanding the difference between these two methods in terms of device performance can help guide future device development. While past research has indicated that photocathodes grown by MOCVD generally have better spectral response and quantum efficiency, these reports are all based on steady-state analysis and measurement. There has been little prior work comparing the dynamic response of devices fabricated with different technologies. In this presentation, we report a comparative study of the ultrafast response of two gradient-doped GaAs photocathodes fabricated using two different methods, viz. MBE and MOCVD. Our approach is based on femtosecond pump-probe reflectometry (PPR), which measures the transient reflectivity of these devices upon optical excitation by femtosecond pulses. Preliminary PPR result shows that carrier build-up near photocathode surface in the MOCVD device is more efficient compared to the MBE device. A carrier-diffusion model is used to analyze photoelectron transport, accumulation, and decay in the active layer. Experiment-theory comparisons indicate a bi-exponential nature of free-electron population decay near device surface. Excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and measured data not only validates the numerical model but also allows various device parameters to be evaluated quantitatively.


: Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is a rare autosomal recessive, multiorgan disorder with cardinal features of cerebellar ataxia, congenital or early childhood cataracts, psychomotor retardation, and myopathy. Additional features include hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, various skeletal abnormalities and deformities due to muscle weakness, short stature, and strabismus. The neuroradiologic hallmarks are hypoplasia of both the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. The histopathologic findings include severe cerebellar atrophy and loss of Purkinje and granule cells. The common pathologic findings in muscle biopsy are variation in muscle fiber size, atrophic fibers, fatty replacement, and rimmed vacuole formation. The presence of marked cerebellar atrophy with myopathy distinguishes MSS from another rare syndrome, the congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, and neuropathy syndrome (CCFDN). Mutations in the SIL1


In vegetable oils, particularly virgin olive oil and sunflower oil and in lard, the effects of temperature and antioxidant extracts concentration on the induction time were investigated using a sequence of simple factorial designs.The antioxidant extracts were obtained from aromatic plants by hydrodistillation followed by liquid-liquid extraction using diisopropyl ether as a solvent. Vegetable oils and lard were spiked with those extracts in a range of concentrations from 250 to 2500 ppm and then subjected to oxidation in a 679 Rancimat apparatus.In the sequence of factorial designs, two blocks of 23 design were run. In the first block only peppermint extract was used in two different matrices (virgin olive oil and sunflower oil). In the second block the antioxidant extract was introduced as a new variable but keeping the same matrix (sunflower oil). A simple equation was derived trying to relate the induction time (TI) with the extract concentration (C). The model was validated with data obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) in virgin olive oil and sunflower oil at temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150 °C. To confirm the results, supplementary experiments were done with peppermint in lard at 120 and 130 °C.


One treatment option for couples with infertility that enables the highest success rate is in vitro fertilization (IVF). With this technique, various causes of infertility can be overcome, whether they are caused by anatomical abnormalities in women or abnormalities of sexual dysfunction in men. Acupuncture, a nonpharmacologic therapy with minimal side-effects, according to various studies is be beneficial for increasing the success of IVF. There are several mechanisms of acupuncture related to this, such as: (1) modulating neuroendocrine factors; (2) increasing blood flow to the uterus and ovaries; (3) modulating immune factors; and (4) reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Because acupuncture does not have bad side-effects, it is an adjuvant therapy that can be performed at each stage of the IVF procedure to increase the chances of successful IVF.


This study investigates the application of operational modal analysis along with bees optimization algorithm for updating the finite element model of structures. Bees algorithm applies instinctive behavior of honeybees as they look for nectar of flowers. The parameters that needed to be updated are uncertain parameters such as geometry and material properties of the structure. To determine these uncertain parameters, local and global sensitivity analyses have been performed. An objective function is defined based on the sum of the squared errors between the natural frequencies obtained from operational modal analysis and finite element method. The natural frequencies of physical structure are determined by stochastic subspace identification method which is considered as a strong and efficient method in operational modal analysis. To verify the accuracy of this method, the proposed algorithm is implemented on a three-story structure to update parameters of its finite element model. Moreover, to study the efficiency of bees algorithm, its results are compared with those of the particle swarm optimization, and Nelder and Mead methods. The comparison indicates that this algorithm leads more accurate results with faster convergence.


An RNA tertiary interaction involving a GAAA terminal loop and an 11-nt RNA motif [CCUAAG. . . UAUGG] was identified in group I and group II introns by Costa and Michel (1995). They found that a GAAA loop has high affinity for the motif while other GNRA loops could not restore wild-type affinity or activity. We find both elements present in the RNase P RNA component of Bacillus megaterium, where their interaction would join L12 with P1O.la (see Fig. 1). Only Bacillus and re-lated Gram-positive bacteria have a P1O.la pairing; 9 out of the 10 that have been sequenced have a GAAA loop at L12 and the conserved motif in P1O.la (James et al., 1988; Brown et al., 1994; additional sequences from James Brown, personal communication). GAAA loop end of having instead GCGA loop. Significantly, only that the 11-nt motif sort GNRA tetraloop-minor groove helix


Purpose Mind#2 lnternal replication based on Mind#1 original experi ment To study whether mindfulness practice (cause) improves productiv ity in conceptual modelling ( effect) in software engineering students (population). A group of students from the Software Engineering Degree at the University of Seville (sample) attended 10-minute mindfulness ses sions for 4 weeks, 4 days per week (experimental group treatment), while a second group of students attended a public speaking work shop as a placebo (control group treatment). The performance of both groups was compared in terms of quality (similarity to the reference solution) and productivity (similarity in percentage per unit time) (metrics). The base experiment was carried out in E. T.S. Ingeniería Infor mática, University of Seville in the first half of the 2013-2014 aca demic year and this replication, in E. T.S. Ingeniería Informática, University of Seville in in the first half of the 2014-2015 academic year. Confirm results Overcome sorne limitations of the baseline experiment


Endothelial dysfunction occurs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in these patients. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a mechanism of vascular dysfunction in CKD. We utilized the cutaneous circulation to test the hypothesis that superoxide derived from NAD(P)H oxidase and xanthine oxidase impair nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilation patients with CKD. Twenty subjects, 10 stage 3 and 4 CKD patients (61±4 years; 5 male/5 female; eGFR: 39 ± 4 ml·min -1 ·1.73m -2 ) and 10 healthy controls (HC) (55±2 years; 4 male/6 female; eGFR: >60 ml·min -1 ·1.73m -2 ) were instrumented with 4 intradermal microdialysis fibers in the forearm for the local delivery of 1) Ringers solution (Control), 2) 10 μM Tempol to scavenge superoxide, 3) 100 μM apocynin to inhibit NAD(P)H oxidase, and 4) 10 μM allopurinol to inhibit xanthine oxidase. Red blood cell (RBC) flux was measured via laser Doppler flowmetry during standardized local heating (42°C). After the local heating response was established, 10 mM L-NAME was infused into all four sites to quantify the NO-dependent portion of the response. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as RBC flux/mean arterial pressure and all data are presented as a percentage of maximum CVC achieved during 28mM sodium nitroprusside infusion at 43°C. The plateau in cutaneous vasodilation was attenuated in CKD at the control site (CKD: 77±3 vs. HC: 88±3 %, p 0.05). These data suggest that NAD(P)H oxidase is a source of superoxide and contributes to microvascular dysfunction in CKD.


This paper develops a quadratic multiobjective model with fuzzy returns of the portfolio selection problem (QMPS). The obtained fuzzy model cannot be efficiently solved using traditionally approaches. A possibility approach is introduced in which objectives are treated as fuzzy events. The approach transforms the fuzzy QMPS model into a possibility QMPS problem by using possibility measures of fuzzy events. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the crisp quadratic problem obtained. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution approach and the model efficiency.


In order to estimate the generation of biogas in a landfill, there are some mathematical models (Modelo Mexicano v.2.0, Modelo de Primer Orden TNO, Modelo de Primer Orden Multi-fase, Modelo EPER Frances, SWANA Orden Cero, SWANA Primer Orden Simple, SWANA Primer Orden Modificado, SWANA Primer Orden Multi-fase, LandGEM v3.02 y Scholl Canyon). In this work, these model have been compared for the sanitary landfill HASAR'S, located in Zapopan (Jalisco, Mexico). Furthermore, the results of the models have been compared with the real data measured in the landfill from 2009 to 2011. Compared to the real values, the models TNO, SWANA firts order (simple and modified) and LandGEM overestimate the generation of biogas. The models Afvalzorg multiphase and Scholl Canyon, however, underestimate. The models SWANA first order and LandGEM are very far as the real measurement, therefore its use must be rule out for this landfill. The "Modelo Mexicano de Biogas", the french EPER and SWANA order zero are the most approximate. The relative errors of the results proveded by each model with respect to measure the real generation has been calculated too.


The problem of static output feedback stabilization for single-input or single-output linear systems is addressed. A necessary and sufficient condition, based on the use of the observability canonical form, is proposed. Finally, it is shown that the problem can be recast as a quadratically constrained LMI problem.


Abstract : This final report describes the technologies designed and developed by the University of Florida (UF) in support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). An off road vehicle (Fig. 1) and a hybrid Toyota Highlander (Fig. 2) have been automated and instrumented with pose estimation (GPS and inertial) and object detection (ranging (LADAR), vision and light detection) sensors. The control architecture consists of four primary elements, i.e. Planning Element, Perception Element, Intelligence Element, and Control Element. The architecture is implemented on a system distributed over ten single-board computers that intercommunicate via the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) version 3.2 protocol.


A nonlinear simulation model of the CH-47B helicopter was adapted for use in the NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) simulation facility. The model represents the specific configuration of the ARC variable stability CH-47B helicopter and will be used in ground simulation research and to expedite and verify flight experiment design. Modeling of the helicopter uses a total force approach in six rigid body degrees of freedom. Rotor dynamics are simulated using the Wheatlely-Bailey equations including steady-state flapping dynamics. Also included in the model is the option for simulation of external suspension, slung-load equations of motion.


Time-shift TV service based on server-cache is a dynamic bandwidth allocation and terminal exclusive interactive application,expenditure of edge QAM bandwidth dominates the costs of launching the service.Network design depends on the bandwidth demand at the peak of the business.An expanded mechanism is used to enable Erlang B model applicable to the traffic of time-shift TV service and also gives a definition of service performance.Through the analysis of the characteristics of time-shift TV service and user activities of on-demand,a formula is provided to calculate the optimal RF numbers that maximize the usage of network bandwidth and minimize the costs of network deployment.


Cancer is one of the biggest killer diseases in the world. Cancer patients have a high need for palliative care. Palliative care is a treatment to improve the quality of life of patients and families in the face of life-threatening diseases. Family knowledge related to palliative care is varies but most families have little information. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of palliative care education on family knowledge of cancer patients at Bali Branch Rumah Singgah Peduli. This type of research was pre-experimental with the design of one group pre-test post-test design. The study was conducted on April 5 to May 05 2019 with a sample of 36 respondents. The research instrument used was the palliative care knowledge questionnaire and the results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. The results of respondents' knowledge scores after the pre-test average were 24.78 and the post-test average score was 33.75. The Wilcoxon test results were p-value 0.000 (p <0.05) showing the influence of palliative care education on cancer patients at the Bali Branch Rumah Singgah Peduli. Families and health workers are expected to increase their knowledge about palliative care so that it can be applied to cancer patients.


A fusion protein of humanized antibody-IL2, designated as hu14.18-IL2 that specifically binds GD2 and stimulates immune function that comprising the light chain of SEQ ID No. 5 and heavy chain of SEQ ID No. 6.


ABSTRACT The process of community empowerment can not be seen only as a means to achieve the goal, but becomes an important goal. Community empowerment is a process in itself. The empowerment process should involve the community. Stages of empowering are training, visits and assistance are quite participative, not accompanied by enabling stages (identification of potential and problems and socialization) are participatory. Full participation at the enabling stage is constrained by cost efficiency and predetermined time limits. The scope of empowerment is still based on the strengthening of economic capital by granting loans for the purchase of livestock germs and human capital with counseling and training. While the strengthening of physical capital, nature and social has not received serious attention. Institutions that are formed have not been able to unite the breeders in order to improve the livestock business more productive and efficient together. Internal CSR with facilitators from the internal company is more efficient and the company's interests can be accommodated, but lack of technical mastering of farms.


Description: Who are the cigarette smokers in Arizona? This book discusses the relationship between the relevant demographic variables and cigarette smoking in the State of Arizona in the US. We found that education is the most important predictors among all the relevant variables in the logistic regression model, even though overall, demographic variables cannot account for much of the variance in the smoking status of the people in Arizona. This book demonstrates an innovative approach for conducting logistic regression models with contrast coding and making the interpretation of the statistical results more sensible. This book can be helpful for smoking policy implications, and future smoking research directions. The unique approach of applying logistic regression with contrast coding and graphical presentation can be a useful tool for researchers in social sciences.


In this paper, the results of a front-page genre analysis of 290 Swedish municipality Web sites are presented, and the appropriateness of the identified design solutions are discussed. Seven municipality Web site genres are identified: notice-board, newspaper, brochure, promotion, commercial, portal, and filter. We discuss how the municipality genres are related to each other, and to other genres, as mix-genres or subgenres. We conclude that the genres differ widely in terms of form, dominating content, action possibilities, purposes, and user groups and roles. This paper provides design examples of what qualities the different genres might bring, and thereby, gives an opportunity for designers and procurers to learn from previous designs. The paper contributes both by providing an analysis of a genre central to society, and by showing how a genre analysis reveals implicit values regarding the user and the task, mediated in the genres of municipality Web sites.


The purpose of this study is to cope students' anxiety in conducting oral presentation in English for Interpersonal Communication course by applying strategies proposed by Kondo. The students taking part in the first semester in English of Interpersonal Communication course were chosen as the subject of this research. This research used descriptive qualitative method according to student's experiences. Interviews were performed to collect data. The results show that there are several students show speech anxiety in delivering their oral presentation. Some students have also done some strategies such as concentration, positive thinking, preparation, and relaxation. Besides, the students have several practices every day to cope their anxiety.


Introduction: a progressive subluxation (Migration percentage of Reimers, MI) is a typical musculoskeletal complication in children with cerebral palsy. To determine the risk of progressive subluxation a German hip surveillance protocol using a "hip signal light" was established (www.cp-netz.de). Aim of this study was to correlate the MI percentage with potential risk factors such as age and severity of gros motor functioning (GMFCS) in children with bilateral spastic CP (BSCP) by using the criteria of this new surveillance tool.


2D metallic grids that consist of various nanomaterials that are suitable for the replacement of indium tin oxide in transparent electronics (TEs) manufacturing. High‐resolution conductive grids with large open areas are often required while considering high transmittance. However, previous research shows that this kind of TE often cannot have high transmittance and low sheet resistance simultaneously; it hinders the fabrication techniques and materials from practical applications. Herein, direct fabrication of a high‐performance TE through electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printing technique is reported. Micro‐scale 3D metallic grids with an aspect ratio of above‐5 were printed on a polyester film using Ag nanoparticles. The metal grids with high aspect ratios exhibit an average sheet resistance of 3 Ω sq−1 and transparency of 96%. Both optical and electrical performances are significantly enhanced for which the large cross‐section of the metallic grid is contributed. Furthermore, the flexibility of printed TE is also characterized by the bending and recovering test. It is believed that the printed flexible TE, which utilize a high aspect ratio, 3D metallic grids may replace the conventional ITO glass for which both high transmittance and conductivity are achieved with economic efficiency.


Exact quantum transition probabilities for collinear F + H2 → FH + H on two different potential energy surfaces are analyzed in terms of regional effects of the potentials. The potentials considered are (a) a weakly curved rotated harmonic model potential and (b) a strongly curved rotated Morse potential fitted to the ab initio SCFCI surface of Bender et al. In both potentials a, b the energy along the reaction path has the same parameters, and three successive regions 1–3 are analysed. The main results are: (1) at very low total energies the reactants are reflected from the activation barrier (region 1 of potentials a, b). (2) in the downhill region 2 of potentials a and b the molecules are weakly and strongly excited, respectively. Region 2 of the realistic potential b also causes H2 back reflection, depending on the total energy (although there is no barrier in region 2!); (3) In the final shallow sloped, weakly curved region 3 of potential a, part of the excited molecules are again de-excited before r...


The chemical gradient of oxygen in the Galaxy from planetary nebulae (PNe) has been closely investigated using a recent extensive fully homogenous set of chemical determinations (up to end of 2001) and various distant scales. The found gradient is quite flatter than believed so far, amounting to about −0.016 ± 0.008 log(O/H) kpc−1 insensitive to the distance scales, when all PNe of types I, II, III of Peimbert are used. The value is −0.02 ± 0.01 if only type II PNe are considered, thus reducing the ambiguity introduced by the mixing up of progenitors coming from a large spread in mass.

A second control set made by the chemical oxygen abundances determined by all studies between 2002 and 2005, with a data base of some 200 objects, provides a similar result.

Since previous determinations do have a spread in the slope of the galactocentric oxygen gradient from PNe between −0.07 and −0.01, further work is required to assess the matter. If our low value will be confirmed, the suggestion arises that type II PNe, due to mixing processes, might have lost their ability to be good tracers of oxygen abundance in the interstellar medium at the time of formation of the progenitors.


SUMMARY OF RESULTS An analysis of a dispersed light system utilizing an array of photovoltaic materials arranged to match the spectral output of an optical system composed of concentrating mirror and diffraction gratings has been made to obtain an estimate of performance pa- rameters of the system relative to an ordinary planar array. The conditions of analysis were generally optimistic for the dispersion array; it was assumed that collimated sun- light, incident upon the concentrating mirror, was perfectly focused by the optical sys- tem onto the photovoltaic array. The theoretical conversion efficiency of the dispersed light system under no diffrac- tion or reflection losses was found to be 1. 2 to 1.8 times the efficiency of a conventional type gallium arsenide (GaAs) array (26 percent) throughout the range of temperatures considered (0' to 150' C operating temperatures of dispersed light system array). When diffraction and reflection losses were included, however, the conversion efficiency of the dispersed light system was considerably diminished. The plane grating configuration showed no advantage in efficiency over the conventional array, while the concave grating configuration exhibited some advantage. The difference in efficiency between the


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * IN JANUARY, THE EUROPEAN UNION introduced a new currency named the euro. By 2002, it will be used by at least 11 EU nations, whose national currencies will pass into history. * TO HELP PEOPLE GET ACCUSTOMED TO the euro, the European Commission allowed for a three-year transition period (January 1, 1999 to January 1, 2002) when companies can enter into and settle transactions in the national currency or the euro, or both, and can process and display transactions in both currencies. * TO PREPARE FOR TRADE UNDER THE MONETARY UNION, U.S. companies must update their information systems, their internal and external financial reporting and assess the impact of the new currency on all business functions. They also should develop a practical conversion strategy that identifies all software and data affected by the new currency. Ignoring the changes taking place in Europe could cost your company or client business. * AS OF JANUARY 1, 1999, DIRECT CONVERSIONS of national currencies no longer are allowed. The conversion as of 1999 has to be made through the euro (triangulation)--for example, Dutch guilders to euros to French francs, using the fixed conversion factors for guilders and francs to the euro. Euro-related disclosures in U.S. financial statements may be required for U.S. companies conducting a large volume of business in Europe. * CPAs ALSO MUST STAY ON TOP OF accounting requirements, such as accounting for conversion costs, the effect of the euro on U.S. taxation and new legal implications, such as paying for contracts in a national currency when that currency no longer exists. * U.S. COMPANIES WITH EURO-COMPLIANT systems are in the best positions to respond to the challenges of doing business in Europe. They can benefit from Europe's strong economy by reacting quickly to price competition and building market share. The implications of Europe's new currency for your company and clients. In January, the European Union (EU) introduced a new currency named the euro. By 2002, it will be used by at least 11 EU nations, whose national currencies will pass into history. This immense change from a disparate--if distinguished--group of trading nations to a unified financial force will have big repercussions here. Some large U.S. companies, such as banks and insurance companies, began preparing for the currency transition shortly after the Treaty on European Monetary Union was ratified in 1993. But the euro will affect more than just large companies--any company that invests directly in Europe or that imports products from or exports them to Europe must tailor a euro strategy if it wants to stay competitive. To prepare for trade under the monetary union, U.S. companies must update their information systems, their internal and external financial reporting and assess the impact of the new currency on all business functions. CPAs who operate as CFOs, COOs or controllers of such companies may be responsible for their companies' euro conversion efforts, while CPAs in public practice must help their business clients manage the complexities of currency conversion, ensure compliance and reporting requirements are met and reassess tax strategies. Ignoring the changes taking place in Europe could cost your company or your clients business. Know what the euro is and what you need to do to become euro-ready. ONE EUROPE, ONE MONEY The EU launched the euro last January in accordance with the 1993 treaty, and 11 nations that joined the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)--known as Euroland--fixed their national (legacy) currencies to the euro. Euroland includes Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. In January, the legacy currencies of these countries became subunits of the euro Oust as cents are subunits of the dollar). Four of the 15 member nations of the EU are not taking part in the monetary union--Britain, Denmark, Greece and Sweden. …


Objective
To compare 18F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT (CECT) for demonstrating imaging characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).

Methods
Both 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT imaging were collected on 31 AIP patients who were histopathologically proved or clinically proved by following up. The frequencies of demonstration of the main imaging features were compared between 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT by using the Fisher exact test.

Results
Of the 31 cases, diffuse irregular narrowing or segmental stricture accompanied with distal dilation of main pancreatic duct were shown in 9 cases of PET/CT and 12 cases of CECT, intraheptic and extrahepatic bile duct changes (PET/CT vs CECT: 15 vs 17), peripancreatic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes involvement (PET/CT vs CECT: 18 vs 25) were more frequently detected on CECT than on PET/CT, but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Capsule like rim (CECT vs PET/CT: 18 vs 9) were more frequently seen on CECT than on PET/CT with statistically significant difference (P=0.01). PET/CT could also detect extrapancreatic lesions in other areas besides epigastric zone, but CECT could not. Twenty eight cases had high FDG uptaking in PET/CT, while delayed enhancement was observed in 28 cases. Focal shape of pancreatic enlargement (CECT vs PET/CT: 16 vs 9) were more frequently detected on CECT than on PET/CT without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Of the 20 cases demonstrating diffuse FDG uptaking, 8 cases (40.0%) represented as localized shape on CECT. Of the 16 cases demonstrating localized shape on CECT, 8 cases (50.0%) represented as diffuse type on PET/CT.

Conclusions
Both 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT have their own advantages for demonstrating imaging characteristics of AIP, rational selection and combination may help to accurately diagnose AIP and assess systemic condition in clinical work.

Key words:
Pancreatitis; Autoirnmune diseases; Positron emission tomography; Tomography, X-ray computed


The electrocatalytic reductive amination offers a green pathway to N-containing platform and fine chemicals by using water as a hydrogen source and benign reaction conditions.


Immunologic measurementof infoundry workersand roofers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1991:17:190-4. Roofers and iron foundry workers with high exposure to poly cyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) weremonitored for levelsof covalent PAH serumalbumin adducts, quantitated in enzymatically digested samples by a sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Albumin adducts were higher in the foundry workers (5.22 frnol/ ug, 0.314 mmollmol) than in the referencegroup (4.07 frnol/ug , 0,245mmollmol), but only of borderline significance probably due to the small sample size. In a subset of foundry workers, a significant difference in adduct levels was observed for samples collected immediately after vacation and after six weeks of workplace exposure. The roofers also showed higher levels of adducts (5.19 frnol/ ug, 0.312 mmollmol) than their reference group (3.28 frnol/ug, 0.197mmollmol). These resultsdemonstrate the feasibility of PAH proteinadduct measurement as a marker of human exposure to this class of chemicals.


Abstract:The author of Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture, a narrative history about indentured women, discusses researching and narrating the lives of subjects missing, at least in their own words, from the archives. She reflects on the possibilities of the personal and the present, along with alternative oral and visual sources, as strategies for navigating elisions and biases in the written records of the past. She also argues for the present as justification for working with incomplete and biased archives. The essay draws parallels between African storytelling in the Americas and Indo-Caribbean storytelling and claims the twin tropes of the violence of archive and the fictions of the archive, already elaborated in the historiography of slavery, for the context of indenture.


Recent advances in optical microscopy, in particular those based on light sheet imaging, have significantly advanced the field of long term in vivo imaging with minimal perturbation to the sample. This means that there is now an interest in studying the processes by which a body repairs damage, in particular during development. A genetically encoded protein, KillerRed, is now available that is phototoxic, killing the cells in which it is present when illuminated with light at 561nm. The presentation will report for the first time its use in zebrafish with localised cell ablation in a SPIM system.
We report on ablation within the living sample either through the use of the light sheet within the microscope, but more precisely using a beam introduced through the imaging arm of a SPIM microscope controlled by adaptive optics to ensure localization of the activation. The beam profile is optimized to target individual cells within the kidney of the fish and the loss of fluorescence from the KillerRed is used to quantify the damage. The integration of the adaptive optics and opto-genetic encoding and activation of the KillerRed will be demonstrated to have the ability to ablate single cells deep within a living zebrafish with 100% survival of the fish. The presentation will illustrate how significant advances in the life sciences can be made through multidisciplinary research with optical expertise.


A post-Caledonian, NW-SE trending, dolerite dyke on Margeroy has a geochemical signature comparable to that of continental tholeites. Clinopyroxenes from three samples of the dolerite gave K-Ar ages of ca. 312, ca. 302 and ca. 266 Ma, suggesting a Permo-Carboniferous age. In view of low K 2 O contents of the pyroxenes and the possible presence of excess argon, it is argued that the most reliable estimate of the emplacement age of the dyke is provided by the unweighted mean value, namely 293 ± 22 Ma. This Late Carboniferous age coincides with the later stages of a major phase of rifting and crustal extension in adjacent offshore areas


The design and fabrication for a novel silicon-based micro direct methanol fuel cell (μ-DMFC) of 0.64cm2 active area on <100> silicon wafer are described in this paper. The novelty of the DMFC structure is that the anodic micro channels arranged in the asymmetric mesh have been fabricated, and the first objective of the experimental trials is to verify the feasibility of the novel structure on the basis of MEMS technology. The effect of different operating parameters on μ-DMFC performances is experimentally studied for two different flow field configurations (grid and spiral). Preliminary testing results show that this novel μ-DMFC demonstrates the better performances using 2M methanol feed at room temperature, and the output characteristics of μ-DMFC with the grid flow field exceed the one with the spiral flow field. Results have demonstrated a maximum output power density of about 2.3mW/cm2 using 2M methanol solution.


Additional information on morphological, physiological and agronomic performance for different cassava genotypes will support decision making for genetic resource selection, cultivation techniques and development of the desired crops for water-limited conditions such as coastal or coastal land. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological, physiological and agronomic characters of eight cassava genotypes, namely Adira-1, Adira-4, Malang-4, Malang-6, UJ-3, UJ-5, Singgah and Ketan grown in the environment. dry land on coastal lands during high accumulation of root storage during mid 2018-2019. The study used a completely randomized design (RCD) with one factor and five replications. Morphological characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number and shape of branches) were observed during growth. Physiological characters (leaf area index), chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity) were observed 180 days after planting. The agronomic characteristics associated with tuber yield were observed at harvest. The results showed that cassava in coastal land had morphological characters (stem 277.78 cm high, 3.09 cm in diameter, varied branches), physiological characters (LAI = 3.85, leaf chlorophyll content = 1.29 mg g-1 with high photosynthetic activity), agronomic character (tuber yield 11.09 t / ha, dry weight 8.65%, 0.74). There is a positive relationship between several parameters in morphological and physiological characters on the agronomic characters related to the yield of cassava. All superior cassava varieties showed better performance compared to local glutinous rice varieties. Malang-4 and Malang-6 varieties produced tuber weights with dry matter and high yield harvest index (13.65 kg / plant + 8.69% + 0.77 and 13.81 kg / plant + 8.68% + 0, 77)


One hundred non pregnant female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), aged 4-8 years, were examined. Thirty healthy animals served as controls and 70 animals were diagnosed with fatty liver syndrome according to the clinical examination, liver ultrasonography, histopathological examination, blood contents and serum analysis. The clinical symptoms were anorexia, decrease in milk production, decrease in ruminal movement and rectal temperature. Moderate and severe hyperechogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma were clear in cases of moderate and severe fatty liver respectively after ultrasonographic examination. Post-mortem examination revealed enlarged pale yellow livers with rounded edges and presence of small droplets of fat. Microscopically, the hepatocytes showed diffuse fatty infiltration which had signet rings appearance due to the presence of intracellular droplets of triglycerides in liver cells. Blood picture showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin, RBCs and WBCs and significant increase in PCV (p<0.05). Serum analysis showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in TP, albumin, ALT, TG and a significant increase (p<0.05) in GGT, globulin and AST. It was concluded that the ultrasonography, histopathology and clinical examination as well as blood picture and serum analysis support the diagnosis of fatty liver in non-pregnant buffaloes.


Eleven introduced foreign alfalfa varieties were comprehensively evaluated in Inner Mongolia region by using domestic variety Aohan as control through grey correlation degree method.The results showed that the nutrition value of Aohan was higher than the introduced varieties in the first and second harvests.Among the introduced varieties,the nutrition value of Alfaking in the first harvest and Golden Empress in the second harvest were the highest.The nutrition value of Aohan,Alfaking,Millionaire,Farmers Treasure,Vernal,WL232 and WL232HQ in the first harvest,were higher than those in the second harvest.In consideration of two harvests,the nutrition value of Aohan was the best,which was followed by Alfaking and Algonquin and these two foreign varieties were suitable for extension.


The technology of the fixed wing and the rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicles have been emerging and the applications have been focused widely to numerous regions. This paper focuses on some applications where we have tested our multicopter and in future the further improvement shall incorporate. Our main focus was to build an aerial Covid warrior considering mainly three different and useful applications particularly for remote village areas where many facilities are not always available. First application is the delivery of the medical supplies to the people in need. Second, use of the onboard speaker, which can relay valuable information during emergency or the valuable health related awareness remotely by respective department. And the third application is use of the sanitizer spray arrangement for the larger area disinfection. The prototype has been tested in a typical village area in different conditions and has provided required performance due to optimized design. This paper is to facilitate other users to explore the capabilities of the multicopters for any situations like we suggested with this project considering this pandemic.


1. Escherichia coli was grown on 14C-labelled glucose and fractions representing 'whole cells', 'cell contents' and 'cell walls' were administered orally to rats. 2. 14C appearing as 14CO2 in the expired air and as unidentified radioactive products in urine and faeces was measured until the cumulative recovery showed little change with time. 3. All fractions were digested. The digestibility of cell waslls was less than that of the other fractions. 4. There was considerable variation among individual rats.


Valid criticisms have been raised about the adequacy of the rational method. However, it continues to be used for storm water drains because of its simplicity. The main aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of water resources availability in the catchment through the development of a simple method to assess the maximum peak flow discharge of the Migina River (ca. 260 km 2 ) in Southern Rwanda. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with resolution of 90m was used to delineate the catchments. A digitized land use map and hydrological soil group classification of the catchment were used to estimate the runoff coefficient of the sub-catchments to calculate a weighted runoff coefficient. The rainfall intensity was determined using the records obtained from 13 rain gauges installed in the catchment from June 2009 to May 2011 and considering the time of concentration. The catchment profile and empirical formula were used to compute the time of concentration. A simple rational formula method with area correction was used to estimate the total discharge from the catchment. The results show that agricultural land use dominates in the catchment with about 92.5%. The weighted runoff coefficient was found to be 0.25, the time of concentration was determined to be 3 hours and 26 minutes for the whole catchment and the maximum peak flow was estimated to be 16.12 m 3 /s. Because of non-linear processes and many changes including the fast development of urban areas and possible climate change, which have significant impact on hydrological processes especially on generation of surface runoff, it is recommended to develop river discharge models using advanced methods such as distributed hydrological modelling.


(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 The present invention relates to the reduction of critical U.S.C. 154(b) by 19 days. dimensions and the reduction of feature Sizes in manufac turing integrated circuits. Specifically, the method controls (21) Appl. No.: 10/749,739 photoresist flow rates to develop critical dimensions beyond the resolution limits of the photoresist material used, and the (22) Filed: Dec. 30, 2003 limits of lithographic tool Sets. The post exposure and O O developed resist pattern is exposed to a Solvent prior to a (65) Prior Publication Data bake or reflow process. Exposure to the Solvent lowers the US 2005/O148169 A1 Jul. 7, 2005 molecular weight of the resist material, modifying the resist material's reflow rate. The post-exposure resist is then easier (51) Int. Cl. ........................................... H01L 21f4763 to control during a Subsequent reflow process to reduce the (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 438/637; 438/660; 438/663 hole or line size of the patterned resist. (58) Field of Search ................................ 438/637, 638, 438/640, 646, 660, 663,651


Joseph Chuang (City University, London) Monday 10:40–11:30 Algebras associated to tilings A certain 'generic' part of the representation theory of symmetric groups in positive characteristic can be modelled by tilings of regions of n-dimensional space by parallelepipeds. For example the tilings tell us about decomposition numbers. Ultimately the goal is to recover the generic representation theory solely from the tilings. The solutions for n = 1 and n = 2 are given by Brauer tree algebras and by Michael Peach's rhombal algebras, respectively. The correct constructions for arbitrary n could be viewed as higher-dimensional analogues of Brauer tree algebras. This is joint work with Hyohe Miyachi and Kai Meng Tan, and with Will Turner. Emmanuel Wagner (Université de Bourgogne) Monday 11:40–12:20 Categorical action of the braid group of the annulus The usual braid group is an ubiquitous object in mathematics due to its various possible definitions: diagrammatic presentation, mapping class group , fundamental group of configuration space ... Using all these points of view Khovanov and Seidel constucted a faithful categorical action of the braid group.The usual braid group is also called the Artin group of type A. Among all other Artin groups of finite type the one that shares very similar various possible definitions is the Artin group of type B. Using a similar approach to Khovanov-Seidel, we construct a categorical action of the Artin group of type B which is a categorification of a natural homological representation. This a joint work with A. Gadbled and A-L. Thiel. Dusko Bogdanic (Universität Graz) Monday 15:00–15:50 Gradings on Brauer tree algebras In this talk we study non-trivial gradings on finite dimensional associative algebras, and in particular, we apply some of our general results to the case of Brauer tree algebras. We construct non-negative gradings on a basic Brauer tree algebra AΓ corresponding to an arbitrary Brauer tree Γ of type (m,e). We do this by transferring gradings via derived equivalence from a basic Brauer tree algebra AS, whose tree is a star with the exceptional vertex in the middle, to AΓ. The grading on AS comes from the tight grading given by the radical filtration. We also prove that there is unique grading on AΓ up to graded Morita equivalence and rescaling.


This paper deals with new uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system for satellite communication, delivered to Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd. Sophisticated operation and transfer techniques of the system consisting of two UPS units and two bypass units to improve system availability are described. Microcomputerized 150 kVA GTO UPS unit which provides excellent characteristics, waveform recording and fault diagnosis function is also introduced.


This paper analyses the period between 1958 and 1964 the historian Jose Honorio Rodrigues was in charge of the Brazilian National Archives. During his tenure, he made the first diagnosis of the situation of the main
archive institution in the country. Rodrigues launched an innovative plan of action for the development of the national archive system, which brought federal public institutions together and resulted in the publication of several international reference works in Portuguese. One of his main initiatives at the head of the institution was the creation of the Permanent Archive Course (CPA), a seminal experience that included organizing the archival knowledge and structuring it as a curriculum. This was the origin of the first undergraduate course of
archival studies in Brazil, in the 1970's. The analysis of Jose Honorio Rodrigues's tenure at the main archive institution in Brazil offers a better understanding of the establishment of the archival studies in Brazil in the context of democracy and economic development and the impact of that process in the following decades.


ABSTRACT Researchers utilizing the U.S economic policy uncertainty index and its sub-categories need to be cognizant of the unique persistence profile of each index. We use fractional integration techniques to estimate the degree of persistence in the U.S. economic policy uncertainty index and its 11 sub-categories. The results indicate the estimated values of the differencing parameter, d, are in the interval (0, 1) supporting fractional integration and rejecting the classical models based on stationarity (d = 0) or unit roots (d = 1). Though there is a fair amount of heterogeneity across indices, shocks will be persistent, but mean reverting.


Abstract Time courses of multiplication of an incompatible strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum , accumulation of phytoalexins, and development of phytoalexin-rich, yellow-green fluorescent, hypersensitively necrotic cells were followed in cotton cotyledons. Occasionally, hypersensitively responding palisade cells were seen to pass through a stage in which the yellow-green fluorescence, due to the phytoalexins lacinilene C and its methyl ether, was confined to the cytoplasmic layer surrounding an intact vacuole, but more often, when cells became yellow-green fluorescent, the fluorescence appeared throughout the cell. The period of most rapid increase in fluorescent cell numbers, 48-72 h post-inoculation, was also the period of most rapid increase in phytoalexin content, and the rate of bacterial multiplication began to slow down at this time. Stable 13 C isotope incorporation from a 4 h pulse with [ 13 C 2 ]acetate into the phytoalexin 2,7-dihydroxycadalene and its methyl ether was measured by direct probe electron impact-mass spectrometry to monitor their biosynthesis at 2, 3, 4, and 6 days after inoculation. Highest incorporation rates occurred during the period of most rapid increase in numbers of fluorescent cells, consistent with the hypothesis that these cells achieve a burst of phytoalexin biosynthesis causing them to become fluorescent as they die. In addition, biosynthesis was still active when fluorescent cell numbers approached their maximum and was appreciably above zero 1 and 2 days later, which suggests the possibility that healthy cells neighboring the hypersensitively responding ones contribute to the biosynthesis of phytoalexins in cotton.


The fieldbus technology and its application in the building automation system were presented,the characteristics of Profibus fieldbus were analyzed.Then,the building equipment monitor system based on Profibus fieldbus technology was developed and its network structure and main functional characteristics were also described.The system met the demands of building devices' monitoring and controlling and got well operation effect.


Background and Objectives  Lowering the plasma content in single‐donor platelet (PLT) concentrates well below 30% implies the need to collect platelets at very high concentrations. Trima Accel (TA) is validated for collection below 4000 × 103 PLTs/µl. We evaluated its performance at 5000 × 103 PLTs/µl.


Crash barriers and road markings can reduce both the active and the passive safety of two-wheeled vehicles. Road markings are a major problem for active safety, i.e. accident prevention. As far as passive safety is concerned, i.e. preventing injuries or reducing their seriousness, crash barriers and especially the posts to which they are attached are the main problem. In rain, the increased slipperiness of markings compared to the rest of the road surface may cause accidents. Similarly, the difference of height of various structures may cause instability and weaving. Thick layer markings may also collect water due to the sidewards slant of the road surface and consequently cause aquaplaning. As a result of their shape and the materials used, crash-barrier posts may cause injuries in accidents where a motorcyclist falls or is knocked off his or her motorcycle, slides on the road then hits the post. These problems may be solved in the following ways: (1) by modifying the consistence (material properties) of road markings and the way in which they are applied; (2) by not building crash barriers in specific circumstances; (3) by modifying the design of crash-barrier posts (using a sigma profile instead of an IPE 100 profile); and (4) by fitting a protective sheath to crash-barrier posts at black spots. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 828172.


Abstract Traffic‐generated noise accounts for 60–80% of the noise prevailing in towns. With the aim of reducing the impact of noise on humans, measures and methods of fighting noise in towns and residential areas should be developed. In the majority of cases, noise suppression walls (barriers) are one of the most suitable means in tows to reduce the dispersion of noise to residential territories. Acoustic properties of materials to be used for noise walls were investigated and, on the basis of the obtained findings, the most suitable materials with regard to noise reduction were proposed. A noise‐suppression chamber was designed and installed for the experimental investigation into acoustic properties. Separate materials (fibreglass, wood chipboard, gypsum cardboard, foam polystyrene) were used for the experiment by composing various structures of different modifications. With the aim of evaluating the capacity of different materials to suppress noise, a coefficient was used to evaluate noise suppression ...


This chapter examines Greek foreign policy since the metapolitefsi through three broad characteristics. First, it argues that since 1974, a central defining feature of Greek foreign and security policy has been the search for an external guarantor of interests and provider of security which has seen Greece gradually shift away from American tutelage to that of the European Union. Second, is the idea that Greece's external environment has had a determining influence on its foreign policy and security policy: it is argued that much of Greek external relations can be explained and understood through Greece's position regionally and internationally at any given point in time in the Cold War or post-Cold War geopolitical context. Third, this chapter argues that we need to look more closely at the domestic sources of decision-making to gain a better understanding of how and why Greek foreign policy is formulated. In sum, the chapter aims to overcome piecemeal approaches to examining Greek foreign policy since 1974 by providing a more holistic understanding of the drivers of Greek foreign policy.


Beginning with this issue, we publish a series of review essays by Dr. Tan Chung who has been teaching 19th century China to history students at the M.A. level in University of Delhi for the last decade. These essays deal with the Opium War, the Taiping Movement, the Reform Movement and the Boxer Uprising, focusing attention on four books on the same subjects published recently in Peking. Each essay scans the corpus of important studies which have emerged on both sides of the 'Bamboo Curtain', and compares the Communist Chinese perspective with that of the Western scholarship in the understanding of the crucial historical juncture between 1840 and 1900. Dr. Tan, who does not think that it is possible to avoid subjectivity in historical interpretations, finds himself unable to take one or the other side of the Western-Chinese dichotomy outlined in these essays, and feels it worthwhile to evolve alternative perspectives in understanding the yesteryears of India's great and important neighbour, China. — EDITOR


The identities satisfied by two-dimensional chiral quantum fields are studied from the point of view of vertex algebras. The Cauchy-Jacobi identity (or the Borcherds identity) for three mutually local fields is proved and consequently a direct proof of Li's theorem on a local system of vertex operators is provided. Several characterizations of vertex algebras are also discussed. This work was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. 1 0 Introduction The aim of this paper is to study the identities satisfied by two-dimensional chiral quantum fields and to apply them to the basis of the theory of vertex algebras. The notion of a vertex algebra was introduced by Borcherds in [B1] as a purely algebraic structure: A vertex algebra is a vector space equipped with a series of binary operations subject to certain axioms (see Section 3 for the precise definition). In the famous work of Frenkel-Lepowsky-Meurman [FLM], some of the properties of a vertex algebra are expressed in a unified manner: In our notation, ∞ ∑


The article actualizes the problem of mastering the Method of Event-ActionAnalysis by the students of theatrical schools. The author of the article proposes thepropaedeutical practical stage of the Method application. The stage makes abstract and specific structures meet in the creative analyses of very different texts of culture like paintings, landscapes, historical events and even the laws of nature.The article offers the examples of creative works of the students of Novosibirsk drama school in application the Method of Event-Action Analysis to cultural texts.


A new software tool-denoted as GNG3D for mesh optimization is presented. This tool has been implemented taking as a basis a new method which is based on neural networks and consists on two differentiated phases: an optimization phase and a reconstruction phase. The optimization phase is developed applying an optimization algorithm based on the Growing Neural Gas model, which constitutes an unsupervised incremental clustering algorithm. The primary goal of this phase is to obtain a simplified set of vertices representing the best approximation of the original 3D object. In the reconstruction phase we use the information provided by the optimization algorithm to reconstruct the faces obtaining in such a way the optimized mesh. Finally, we will report some experimental results and examples for some 3D models using the different options implemented in the GNG3D tool.


This paper demonstrates a mixed approach to the theme of the instrumentality of law by both analysing the goal of a legal transformation and the techniques adapted to achieve it. The correct recognition of a certain practical necessity has lead the Swiss Federal Tribunal to an intriguing judgement "Fussballclub Lohn-Fall" of 1997. The legal remedies provided for cases of unfair advantage have been then creatively modified praeter legem. The adaptation was strongly influenced by foreign legal patterns.
The Swiss Code of Obligations of 1911 provides a norm in art. 21 on unfair advantage (unconscionable contract), prescribing that if one party takes unjustified advantage over the weaknesses of another in order to receive an excessive benefit, such a contract is avoidable. Its wording has been shaped over a hundred years ago and still remains intact. However, over the course of the 20th century the necessity for a more efficient protection has arisen. The legal doctrine and jurisprudence were constantly pointing out the incompleteness of the remedies provided by art. 21 of the Code of Obligations. In the "Fussballclub Lohn-Fall" (BGE 123 III 292) the Swiss Federal Tribunal finally introduced the possibility to modify the contract. Its decision has been described as "a sign of the zeitgeist, spirit of the time". It was the Swiss legal doctrine that has imposed the new measure under the influence of the German "quantitative Teilnichtigkeit" (quantitative partial nullity). The historical heritage of the Roman laesio enormis has also played its role.


Information can include text, pictures and signatures that can be scanned into a document format, such as the Portable Document Format (PDF), and easily emailed to recipients around the world. Upon the document's arrival, the receiver can open and view it using a vast array of different PDF viewing applications such as Adobe Reader and Apple Preview. Hence, today the use of the PDF has become pervasive. Since the scanned PDF is an image format, it is inaccessible to assistive technologies such as a screen reader. Therefore, the retrieval of the information needs Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The OCR software scans the scanned PDF file and through text extraction generates an editable text formatted document. This text document can then be edited, formatted, searched and indexed as well as translated or converted to speech. A problem that the OCR software does not solve is the accurate regeneration of the full text layout. This paper presents a technology that addresses this issue by closely preserving the original textual layout of the scanned PDF using the open source document analysis and OCR system (OCRopus) based on geometric layout and positioning information. The main issues considered in this research are the preservation of the correct reading order, and the representation of common logical structured elements such as section headings, line breaks, paragraphs, captions, and sidebars, foot-bars, running headers, embedded images, graphics, tables and mathematical expressions.


Surfactants are playing a more and more important role in the f ields of pharmaceuticals,foods and daily-use chemicals,while surfactants also show toxic effect.This paper reviews the recent progress in the hemolytic action of surfactants both domestic and abroad,including the hemolytic action of all kinds of surfactants,the methods of hemolysis,the mechanisms of hemolysis and how to mitigate hemolysis.


Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is known as a neglected tropical disease, notified mainly in the EMR Eastern Mediterranean region (74% of all new CL cases) and in the AMR Americas region (18%). Even if this disease could self-heal, the remaining indelible skin scars that replace the initial ulcers appearing in many discoverable body parts create fears and stigma and impact the overall wellbeing. Moreover, the limited amount of available specific treatments and their options affects more the outcome. Then, treatment benefits should be balanced against the possibility of spontaneous cure. In some cases, self-healing lesions are rare, and the disease becomes associated with secondary infections or relapses. Statistically, CL affects mainly women and children over the World, with a Gender difference between Regions; EMR notifies [49%50%] of new cases in females, compared to fewer female cases in the AMR [27%-28%]. The size and number of lesions differ based on many factors. Indeed, the interaction between sex steroids (as biological sex factors), parasites virulence, immune response, and host susceptibility defines the outcome of Leishmania infection and influences the clinical manifestations. Otherwise, the pregnancy state remains confusing by answering if it is protective or not against CL. However, no apparent sex preference or difference in clinical spectrum, compared to the CL adult forms, are noticed in the children group. Based on the published data, from the overall annual cases, 10-55% are reported in infants and children, the age group between zero and ten years old (yo) is cited as the most affected by CL. Of all the affected children, 40-75% present single lesions, and 35% of lesions are in children heads and necks. The facial lesions had different clinical forms create an evolution to indelible scars. While the global mean age-standardized disability-adjusted life years lost by CL is estimated as 0,58/100000; Compared to other skin diseases, the under-estimation of CL burden is the subject of critics. When the psychosocial burden is included, the estimation increases to 2,1 million CL cases with at least 600.000 facial female lesions and at least 400.000 disfiguring indelible scars each year. Except for the CL psychosocial burden that becomes more documented, many unobserved or forgotten health-related Burdens are associated with this disease. They need more highlighting, like (Environmental burden, Assessment burden, Biomedical burden, Economic burden, social burden, Clinical and diagnostic burden, treatment burden, Politico-environmental burdens...). Some new insights foster CL knowledge, like CL psychological trauma start being understood between 10 and 14 yo and increase during adolescence between 11 and 19 yo. Stay important until 30 yo and start decreasing after the 40 yo. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) could help hide aesthetic scars and decrease psychosocial stigma. In conclusion, the disease burden is assessed frequently by morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. Knowing the CL disease burdens, and the newest helpful role of AI could define care needs and research priorities for children and women, the most CL exposed population.


Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are clinically useful parameters for measuring the occurrence and severity of inflammatory responses in cattle. As large group of proteins, APPs are mainly secreted by hepatocytes whose concentration increase or decrease as response to tissue injury, inflammation or infection. The transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is associated with a compromised immune status coupled with increased acute phase response. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. The main objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of a preventive administration of the NSAID (ketoprofen) in post-calving dairy cows on concentration of APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen) and their relationship with indicators of liver function.Materials, Methods & Results: The treatment group (n = 15) was given an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen in the concentration of 3 mg/kg during three consecutive days after calving. The control group (n = 15) was not treated with ketoprofen. Blood samples were taken from coccygeal vein, on the first day of treatment and in the first and second week postpartum and they were analyzed for metabolic parameters (albumin and aspartat aminotransferaze) and APPs such as haptoglobin and fibrinogen. Compared with control, ketoprofen administration decrease the levels of haptoglobin and fibrinogen and AST activity. Increase in albumin concentration was recorded in experimental group of cows compared with control. Negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the haptoglobin concentration and albumin concentration and aspartate aminotransferaze activity. Discussion: As inflammatory indicator in dairy cows, it is recorded that serum concentrations of haptoglobin is increased during mastitis. Beside haptoglobin, fibrinogen represents one of the APPs whose serum concentration increases during response in the acute phase. During the first and second week after partus, in cows with acute puerperal metritis, an increase in fibrinogen concentration was observed in relation to clinically healthy animals. Based on our results, it can be concluded that an intramuscular injection of ketoprofen (3 mg × kg. bw.-1) administered in cows in the first days following parturition reduces the concentration of some APPs (haptoglobin and fibrinogen). In regard to Hp concentration, the treatment success agreed with previous results using i.m. acetyl-lysine salicylate during the first 5 days of lactation. Reduction in APPs concentration in our research results could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of ketoprofen. In addition, use of ketoprofen reduces the intensity of relationship between inflammatory markers and indicators of liver funcition. Impaired functional capacity of the liver may be associated with reduced albumin concentration in the peripartal period, and during inflammatory or infectious diseases. Increase in albumin concentration in experimental group of cows compared to the control in our research could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of ketoprofen. Hence it can be concluded that the use of ketoprofen immediately after calving reduces the intensity of relationship between inflammatory marker liver function and that NSAID treatment could be used in in improving animal well-being and controlling of the occurence and intesity of postpartum diseases.


The utility model relates to a main shaft guide wheel component on an elephant trunk type wire-rewinding machine. The main shaft guide wheel component comprises a main shaft, wherein a press cover is arranged on the main shaft through a deep groove ball bearing and a ball bearing. The main shaft guide wheel component is characterized in that the press cover consists of two press covers which are symmetrical on the left and right sides; the two press covers are fixedly connected through a screw and a second nut; a guide wheel steel ring is arranged in the middle of the outer circumference of the press cover; a wire guide groove is formed in the outer circumference of the guide wheel steel ring; multiple reinforcing plates are arranged on two end surfaces of the guide wheel steel ring and uniformly arranged along the circumference direction of the guide wheel steel ring respectively; the lower ends of the reinforcing plates are integrally connected with the press cover; two ends of the main shaft are respectively stretched outside the two end surfaces of the press cover; a step is arranged on the main shaft on one end surface of the press cover; a spring gasket and a first nut are arranged on the main shaft on the other end surface of the press cover. The main shaft guide wheel component is solid and firm in structure and less in damage possibility, large loads can be born, and the service life is prolonged.


A girl, aged 15, menarche aged 13, cycle 7/5 6 weeks, and virgin, was admitted to hospital, because she had difficulties in micturition. During micturition, she had to use two fingers against the perineum to urinate, otherwise only drops came out. She also had the feeling of something filling in her vagina at the size of a tennis ball. Micturition was prolonged (10 15 min). She felt that she was urinating through vagina. After micturition, there was continuous urinary leak. The symptoms increased during menstruation, because blood and tissue clotted the little opening in the perineum. The symptoms started 6 months prior to her admittance to our department. During these 6 months, she was more and more disabled. She drank as little as possible to avoid micturition. She urinated three to four times per day. No nycturia was examined. Her mother confirmed that there had not been symptoms earlier and no history regarding infections. She had never noticed the synechia vulvae during her daughter's childhood. Gynecologic examination revealed a membrane at the vaginal orifice, but neither the introitus nor the urethral opening could be visualized. There was a small opening where urine could pass through (Figure 1). Abdominal ultrasound showed normal uterus and normal ovaries. Residual urine volume was 40 ml. The ultrasound examination of the kidneys was normal. Urine examination showed no bacterial growth on culture. Under general anesthesia, the obstructing vaginal membrane was incised. The two edges were sutured to prevent a new agglutination (Figure 2). Inspection showed a normal vagina, although it was deep and wide. The portio was normal. The uterus was normal in size and anteverted by exploration. She was instructed to wash the external genitalia after micturition and use lidocaine ointment, if she needed to. After 2 months follow up, gynecologic examination showed a normal introitus of the vagina and no agglutination had occurred. She had no difficulties in micturition.


The thermal conductivity of donor and acceptor graphite intercalation compounds is studied at high magnetic fields in order to separate the electronic from the lattice contribution. Measurements are reported in fields up to 15 T at temperatures from 2 to 50K. For one dilute sample of both a donor and an acceptor compound, the electronic and lattice contributions to the thermal conductivity are separated over almost the entire temperature range up to 50K. The temperature dependence of the electronic and lattice contributions is discussed qualitatively.


This chapter addresses relevant academic discourses and theory development in the cross-disciplinary fields where the arts and business meet. Three specific discourses are investigated: the arts for business, the arts with business and the arts' disruptive business (or against business). The manner of the investigation reflects the overall tone and approach of this book in that it includes an introductory review of the relevant literature as a means of distilling the key themes and theories that have emerged in this research field. The chapter will thus also add some reference value to the key questions of academic debate about the arts and businesses: where have we come from and where are we now? Some speculation on 'where we are going' is also included.


-•The winter roosting behavior of Eastern Screech-owls (Otus asio) in central Kentucky was examined from October 1993-March 1994. Eleven owls used 69 roost sites 563 times, with 29 boxes used 308 times, 25 cavities used 226 times and 15 limbs used 29 times. Most natural cavities were in black locusts (Robinia pseudoacacia), southern red oaks (Quercus falcata) and snags; boxes were located in 15 different species of trees. All conifer limb roosts were in eastern redcedars (Juniperus virginiana). Frequent use of boxes and cavities during winter is probably the result of owls seeking favorable microclimates and concealment from predators. Screech-owls roosted in conifers more frequently when temperatures were above freezing and in boxes and cavities more frequently on days with rain, drizzle, or snow, supporting the conclusion that roosting owls seek favorable microclimates. Owls used each roost site an average of seven times. Female screech-owls were more likely to use boxes and males more likely to use cavities and conifer limbs. The suitability of boxes as potential nest sites may be one reason for their frequent use as roost sites by females.


It illustrates the importance of lighting proof on construction sites,introduces the constitution of lighting-proof device and the detailed steps of preventing lighting on construction sites,makes a research on the grounding resistance of lighting-proof device,and through the analysis of preventing lighting on construction sites,it minimizes the loss caused by lighting.


Abstract We introduce a new method for sublobectomy. It utilizes the easiness and rapidity of wedge resection, and the accuracy and functional preserving of anatomical segmentectomy. It can preserve lung function with less sacrifice of lung parenchyma.


An Empirical Investigation of Bayesian Procedures in Item Response Models Janice A. Gifford, B.A., University of Rochester M.Ed . , University of Massachusetts Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor H. Swaminathan Item response theory has the potential for significantly improving educational and psychological measurement practices. However, the effective application of these models relies heavily on the existence of adequate estimation techniques. The Bayesian approach to estimation offers a solution to the joint estimation problem in the one-, two-, and three-parameter item response models. The purpose of the investigation was to examine the properties of the Bayesian estimators of the parameters of the item response models in comparison to the maximum likelihood estimators. The two procedures were compared with respect to (a) accuracy of estimates; (b) bias of estimates; and (c) consistency of the estimates. In addition, the effect of the choice of priors was studied for all three


Purpose To develop a cohort of patients with T2DM treated with insulin using CPRD to obtain an accurate diagnosis date. This was used to analyse time from T2DM diagnosis to first ever insulin prescription between 01/01/2000 and 30/06/2012, for patients in England and Wales. Methods Patients aged 18 years and over at diagnosis, were included if prescribed an anti-diabetic drug and were excluded if first diagnosis-specific code was inconsistent with a T2DM diagnosis. Diagnosis codes were split into 8 categories based on whether they related to specific T2DM or non-specific diabetes codes. Patients were excluded if they had non-specific diagnosis codes and were prescribed insulin as their first-ever treatment for diabetes. Descriptive statistics for time from T2DM diagnosis to insulin initiation were calculated. Results Two hundred and fifty-six codes were identified which were consistent with a first-ever diagnosis of T2DM. 7 codes were considered to clearly define a diagnosis of T2DM, which were reported for 64% of patients. The final cohort comprised 11,917 patients and the median time to first insulin prescription from the date of diagnosis was 4.4 years. Conclusions A clear definition of cohort development is required to compare and interpret results from studies. Use of diagnosis and product codes is essential when examining use of drugs such as insulin, where competing diagnoses need to be considered separately.


An open source library in Python language is developed for academic use. It can also be applied in software development. The library allows users to implement applications using relevant stream ciphers, to evaluate pseudorandom sequences and their robustness in cryptographic applications. Its use may enhance teaching techniques, improve software readability, and save encoding times at the developmental stage.


Here, using the dynamics of the core of baryons described within the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we explain the origin of the rest frame peak energy versus bolometric isotropic energy for Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs).


We examine how consumers and financial markets in the United States react to two health warnings about mad cow disease: the first discovery of an infected cow in December 2003 and an Oprah Winfrey show on the potentially harmful effects that aired seven years earlier. Using a unique product-level scanner data set of a national grocery chain, we find a pronounced and significant reduction in beef sales following the first discovered infection, which dissipates slowly over the next three months. Cattle futures show a comparable pattern of abnormal price drops to the scanner data. Contracts with longer maturity show smaller drops, suggesting that the market anticipated the impact to be transitory. Cattle futures show abnormal price drops after the Oprah Winfrey show that are more than 50% of the drop following the 2003 discovery of an infected cow.


This article analysed the concept,setting and application status of nursing clinical ladder program in China and in foreign countries.We found out some existing problems of nursing clinical ladder program in China and provided some references for public hospitals reforms and the advance of nursing clinical ladder program.


On August 8, 1997, cofounders Brent Andrus and Sandi Brennan, as well as others attending the AFA convention in San Antonio, Texas, formed the International Conure Association (ICA). At that meeting the by-laws were ratified and the first officers were elected. Current Officers President: Sandi Brennan Edgewood, NM Vice President: Fran Smith Ramona, CA Recording Secretary: Lisa McManus Aurora, CO Corresponding Secretary: Nora Schmidt Corpus Christi, TX Treasurer: Brent Andrus, CPA Las Vegas, N The objectives of the Society are the study of conures in captivity and in the wild, the dissemination of information for the care, breeding, and feeding of conures in the home and aviary, the perpetuation of all conure species, in particular, those threatened with extinction, and the publication of matters pertaining to conures and aviculture. The goals of the International Conure Association are: 1. To provide information, in the form of a quarterly journal, on the needs of conures both in the home and aviary. 2. To assist persons in locating that perfect pet or breeder, by way of advertisements and hy maintaining a database of members and what they are breeding, selling, or looking to buy. 3. To promote the breeding of less common conures hy helping breeders determine what bloodlines they have and where they may find persons who have unrelated ones. 4. To keep stud hooks on less common conures. For its members, ICA will send information quarterly, set up so it can easily he kept in a standard three ring notebook. If you wish to sell something you can advertise for a small fee. If you are looking to buy, it is free. ICA maintains a web site at: http:/ /www3.upatsix.com/ica/ Check the email list at: lntlConureAssociation@ yahoogroups.com !CA will keep a database of those persons willing to have their names, and phone numbers given out to those seeking information. regarding conures. JCA recognizes that some species of conures are threatened or endangered. Birds can no longer he taken from the wild and imported into the U.S. It is also difficult to transport them from one country to another even if they are captive bred. For that reason, ICA recognizes the need to manage the breeder birds very carefully so that future generations can enjoy them. The !CA plans to start studbooks on those conures whose numbers are so small that they are in danger of being inbred. By tracing bloodlines and keeping records, !CA can help people find unrelated birds when they want to set up pairs for breeding. ICA also accepts articles for its publication. Anything from a diet tip, a funny story, or a picture to a detailed article. Your experience is valuable, share it if you can. Send all articles to PO Box 70123, Las Vegas, NV 89170 ~


Lippincott's Bone and Joint Newsletter is an independent publication solely owned and published by Wolters Kluwer and has no affiliation with the Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. Researcher Deanne E. Jenkin, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Daffodil Centre in Kings Cross, New South Wales, and colleagues write that their findings suggest that ongoing firstline strong opioid use after discharge from the hospital should not be supported. Jenkin et al. note that severe postoperative pain is common after orthopaedic surgical treatment. "Many choices are available for postoperative pain, but evidence to inform clinical choice after discharge in the subacute setting is sparse. However, patients with surgically managed fractures are commonly discharged home from the hospital with a strong opioid prescription," they write. To shed light on this issue, the researchers undertook a superiority trial to determine whether a strong opioid (as per current practice) provides better analgesia than a Ms. Hoffmeister is a freelance medical writer in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania.


The simulation of the extraction of charge particle beam from a vacuum arc based source has been used for investigation of the beam quality and optimization for specific application possibilities. A few examples are used to demonstrate the capabilities and limits of these simulations. The simulation can provide the basis for optimizing the extraction system and acceleration gap for source and for decreasing losses of the extracted beam


A method in designing multi-band bandpass filter is proposed in this paper. This design employs source and load cross-coupling technique and transversal structure with stub-loaded dual-mode resonators. The proposed filters are miniaturized by using stub-loaded dual-mode resonators, and half of the resonators are reduced compared with traditional SIR filters. What is more, the dual-mode resonators and the source–load cross-coupling can introduce more transmission zeros to improve frequency selectivity. It is demonstrated by the simulated and measured results that the novel filters have the advantages of low in-band insertion loss, good out-band rejection, and compact size. This proposed filter can be applied in the microwave circuits and wireless communication systems.


Two papers dealing with this subject in the Acrztliche Sachverstiindigen Zeitung (No. 19, 1908) are of great interest. The first, by Finkelstein, controverts the views of Richter, who holds that in the majority of cases of sudden death of young children a sufficient cause of death is to be found in pathological conditions of the kings or alimentary tract. Finkelstein states that in a large number of infants which are receiving the most careful attention death occurs unexpectedly, and that the most minute post-mortem examination fails to disclose any satisfactory cause. Such cases also occur constantly in hospitals for the treatment of infants, and he, therefore, has come to the conclusion that there are children affected with a constitutional tendency to sudden


The mechanism of the internal stresses inside thin films is studied and a method is established to compute the stresses using the revised Thomas-Fermi-Dirac (TFD) model. It is the continuous boundary condition of electron densities across interfaces of composite films that is responsible for the appearance of large stresses. The results of the calculation are in agreement with the observational.


Peculiarities of andragogs training in the USA and Canada are singled out. Competence approach is analyzed. Competence approach is aimed at formation of readiness to use effectively knowledge , skills , values , psychological peculiarities of people and information , human and material resources for achieving aim. Concept " competence " is viewed . Department of education in the USA views competence as complex of skills, which are necessary for fulfillment of a certain assignment. In other sources competence is viewed as ability to fulfill individual or social requirements and successful fulfillment of tasks. Departments of educational establishments that train andragogs are classified. Professional training of andragogs is conducted at administrative departments, which are called colleges or schools. There is only slight difference between college and school. Some universities have at their structure colleges and schools. Levels of higher education in the USA and Canada are systematized. Training of specialists is conducted at three levels: bachelor, master, doctor of philosophy. Programs of andragogs training are classified. Taking into account content peculiarities all programs of andragogs training are subdivided into three groups: specializing in adult education, specializing in leadership in adult education, interdisciplinary programs. Peculiarities of program "Adult education" master and doctor of philosophy levels are singled out. Comparative analysis of master and doctor of philosophy programs is conducted. Bachelor, master and doctor of philosophy programs have not only differences, but also some common features. Common features are the following integration of theory and practice and taking into account results of scientific research. It is shown that various master's programs are distinguished by the number of disciplines, content, and requirements for the master's degree program are higher. It has been found that PhD programs aim at deepening knowledge and acquiring andragogical competencies, developing research skills, and the doctoral programs in adult education focus on training leaders and practitioners. Research results demonstrate that that US and Canadian colleges and universities carry out not only the professional training of future professionals in the field of adult education, but also provide their further professional development through the creation of professional associations of adult education professionals, resource education centers, trainings, etc


Gojek is one of the transportation platforms, food and beverage delivery services, in running for business implementing Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), the usage of applications on cell phones or smartphones based on internet technology will provide convenience in service and communication processes with customers. The objective of this paper is to examine, integrated marketing communication analysis and its effect toward brand equity from the customer perspective. This study uses a quantitative approach, an explanatory survey type and descriptive verification. Simple random sampling technique of this study, from 290 of the Piksi Ganesha Polytechnic students. Data analysis techniques use; data normality test, correlation test, regression, and hypothesis testing. The results of the analysis; show that Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) have a positive and significant effect on Brand Equity (BE). It is important to focus on the company which continues to take strategic actions related to the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), so that the company's Brand Equity is increasingly in the minds of consumers, which can improve the company's performance that is reflected in the optimization of sales, profits, and wealth to