porary Muslim engaged in the world. In addition to an introduction and conclusion, the book has seven chapters: "The Language of Theology," "The Measure of Modern Time," "Imagining Tradition," "The Religious Imagination," "Revelation and Response," "Faith in the Tradition," and "Theology in Prostration." Faith, or iman in the Arabic of the Qur'an, is one of the key theological concepts for Muslims, and Professor Nguyen expertly discusses its importance. Another strength of his book is his use of thinkers as diverse as Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (ninth-century founder of one of the major schools of Sunni orthodoxy) and Malcolm X (twentieth-century revolutionary) in the discussion of faith. We do not often give Malcolm X his due, either in the struggle for civil rights or in the development of Islamic thought in the United States, and so reading Professor Nguyen's analysis was yet another highlight of the book. Modern Muslim Theology is an outstanding book, recommended for libraries, students, and faculty who want both an understanding of and engagement with Muslim theology. One wishes for it the wide readership that it deserves.


The invention relates to a method for the determination of free areas (2a) in the relevant particularly for the vehicle guidance area (2) of a motor vehicle (1), in particular for determining an avoidance trajectory for a driver assistance system (4) of the motor vehicle (1), wherein information from at least one object detection sensor (5) of the motor vehicle (1) via at least one detected object (3) may be used taking into account the properties of the physical measuring principle, the at least one object detection sensor (5). In addition, it is considered that the at least one object detection sensor (5) is able to detect by means of a single measurement, multiple objects (3) directly.


Gibberellin (GA), an important plant hormone, plays an essential role in higher plant growth and development. Regulating the expression of crucial enzyme genes involved in the pathway of GA biosynthesis and metabolization may control the active GA level. GA2-oxidase, one of the key enzymes regulating GA biosynthesis and metabolization, inactivates endogenous bioavtive GAs. In this paper, the cloning, expression and regulation of GA2-oxidase genes were introduced, which would offer some ideas for regulating the content of bioactive GAs and obtaining improved variety by genetic engineering technology.


107 Contemporary Sociology 36, 2 Surveillance Studies is on the academic agenda (Monaghan 2006) and it has found its home, above all, in sociology. This is not because sociology simply gives a shelter to all and sundry but because the concern with how some watch over, supervise, monitor, record, and process the behavior of others has always been a sociological one. It appeared in the work of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel and continued with figures as diverse as Erving Goffman and Zygmunt Bauman. Michel Foucault, whose work on surveillance and discipline has probably stimulated more debate than anyone, has not only straddled disciplines, but also has been discussed extensively in sociologies of surveillance. In the past thirty years, several sociologists have made key contributions to Surveillance Studies, including James Rule (1974) on government and business surveillance of citizens and consumers, Gary Marx (1988) on police surveillance and new technologies, and Clive Norris and Gary Armstrong (1999) on the rise of closed-circuit television (CCTV). At the same time, important contributions have been made by those in cognate disciplines such as Shoshana Zuboff (1988) in organization studies, examining surveillance in the "informated" workplace or Oscar Gandy (1993) in communications, exploring database surveillance of consumers. Today Surveillance Studies thrives on the work of scholars from many disciplines, but the sociological perspectives are always crucial (Lyon, forthcoming). Surveillance Studies is expanding as a disciplinary area, and sociological perspectives form a significant part of its theoretical and methodological toolbox, but it is also the case that studies of surveillance have much to offer sociology. This is a two-way street that, in my view, ought to be kept open to traffic in both directions. This argument has several dimensions: important perspectives from other disciplines, but fed through Surveillance Studies, are needed in sociology (and I have in mind studies of "space" and perhaps "vision" in particular, which Staples discusses). Sociological analysis in classic areas such as social class or social control may benefit—and may need some recalibration— from surveillance research. This is a strong implication of the Lace book, among others. Surveillance Studies tends to have a close relation to social practices and policies of governance, study of which could also galvanize CCTV and Policing: Public Area Surveillance and Police Practices in Britain, by Benjamin J. Goold. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004. 260 pp. $120.00 cloth. ISBN: 0199265143.


A considerable part of literature in the theory of economic growth is devoted to detecting of a relative role of factor accumulation, technological changes and institutions in economic growth. In the present paper an attempt is made to link and explain stylized facts characterizing economic growth in the contemporary World: i) there is a high degree of heterogeneity in levels of development and growth rates of countries, ii) the countries are subdivided into groups characterized, correspondingly, by low, intermediate and high levels of the capital to labor ratio and of the average labor productivity, iii) these groups of countries are rather stable in their composition; in particular some countries with a low capital to labor ratio stay in a "poverty trap" for a long time, iv) there is a global tendency of an increase in the capital share in GNP, v) the growth is influenced by political and social factors. In this paper a model is proposed in which two types of technological changes are distinguished: (a) an endogenous growth of the total factor productivity (TFP) and (b) a change in a technological parameter of a production function defining a directedness of technological progress. The latter change in technology is controlled by social groups – owners of labor (workers) and owners of capital ("capitalists") – in a country and takes place together with a change in factor shares. We describe areas of coincidence and of non-coincidence of interests of the social groups related to a choice of technology and, correspondingly, to a distribution of the national product. The frontiers of these areas are made more precise taking account of a boundedness of the capital to labor ratio. Roles of the TFP and the elasticity of substitution in formation of the areas of social cohesion are of social conflict are studied. It is proved that, under some conditions, a degree of social cohesion increases. In a certain degree, the model is close to models of the new political economy (see e.g. Besley, 2007) and fills their shortage of account of technological progress and of dependence of political decisions on the state of economy. The model provides a possible explanation of a stability of the poverty traps, it shows a role of the TFP as a potential for the economic growth, and, in particular, it demonstrates a possibility of an economic crisis in industrial countries in result of an "innovation pause". The model also throws light on differences in possibilities of growth in poorly developed, actively developing and industrial countries; in particular, it explains, why there is no advantage of late start in low income countries in a poverty trap.


At a German university of technology, a large-scale project was funded as a part of the 'Quality Pact for Teaching', a programme launched by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to improve the quality of university teaching and study conditions. The project aims at intensifying interdisciplinary networking in teaching, promoting student engagement and motivating students to take a degree in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. We describe the new teaching projects psychology students were admitted to and how many psychology students were reached. We discuss the results and outline limitations concerning evaluation in a practical setting.


Increasing evidence suggests that coastal ecosystems provide significant protection against coastal flooding. However, these ecosystems are highly impacted by local human activities and climate change, which has resulted in reducing their extent and can limit their role in flooding mitigation. Most studies dealing with the coastal protection offered by ecosystems focus on a single ecosystem and, also seldom assess potential differences in protection with changes in status of the ecosystem. Therefore, based on a Xbeach Non-hydrostatic numerical modeling approach, we quantified the coastal inundation response to different combinations of ecosystems' health statuses. A combination of a fringing reef environment associated with a vegetated beach was chosen as this pattern is typical of many low-lying areas of the Caribbean and tropical areas in general. Our results, (1) highlight the potential of capitalizing on the combined impacts of multiple ecosystems on coastal protection, (2) alert to the consequences of further destruction of these ecosystems, (3) demonstrate the predominant role of vegetation with an increased sea-level rise and (4) provide strategies to limit the deleterious effects of present-day and future reef degradation.


1. '926 SNK1 inhibitor for administration to a patient with cancer to enhance the DNA damaging agent, wherein the administration of the inhibitor should SNK1 for introducing DNA damaging agent and is performed in two doses, the first of which is administered one day after DNA-damaging agent, and the second - two days after the DNA damaging agenta.2. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1 for administration to a patient with cancer to enhance the DNA damaging agent, wherein the administration of the inhibitor should SNK1 for introducing DNA damaging agent and is performed in three doses, the first of which is administered one day after DNA-damaging agent, the second dose - two days after DNA-damaging agent, and the third dose - three days after DNA-damaging agenta.3. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (4- (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -5-bromo-1H-pyrrol [2,3-b] pyridin-3-yl) -nicotinamide 1.4. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (4- (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -5-bromo-1H-pyrrol [2,3-b] pyridin-3-yl) izobutiramid.5. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (5-bromo-4- (3- (methylamino) piperidin-1-yl) -1 H -pyrrolo [2,3- -b] pyridin-3-yl) nikotinamid.6. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (4- (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -5-bromo-1H-pyrrol [2,3-b] pyridin-3-yl) -5-metilnikotinamid.7. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (4- (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -5-bromo-1H-pyrrol [2,3-b] pyridin-3-yl) piklopropankarboksamid.8. SNK1 inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that the '926 SNK1 inhibitor is (R) -N- (4- (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -5-


The Chinese rabbits,which originated from Oryctolagus, belong to the homologous Family but not belong to the same genus as the common hares of Lepus.The origin of Chinese rabbits is controversial.There are two different theories on its origins,one from European and the other from China.Over 1400-1800 years,the domestication of Chinese rabbits commenced in Palace,expanded in village from North to South of China.However,the history of Chinese rabbits,which was applied to product,was about 200 years.


We have seen that aspects of phonology, syntax and semantics develop separately and in parallel, beginning in the first twelve months of life, appearing to cohere with the architecture of the Language Faculty in figure 2.2. The development of language and the development of thought appear to proceed independently, though interactively. We have also seen that many questions remain regarding how different components of knowledge interact in language acquisition as it proceeds over time. How does language "grow" over time? Debates persist: does language development involve qualitative changes in the structure of children's language knowledge or in their computational mechanisms, e.g., is language acquisition analogous to a discontinuous "tadpole-to-frog"-like development, or do children continuously employ formal analyses? This chapter will focus on mechanisms of developmental change especially after the first twelve months. It will briefly introduce several areas where significant cross-linguistic variation in adult grammars exists and where language development is delayed; here language acquisition must involve some induction. It will briefly introduce several proposed mechanisms of growth. If language acquisition involves continuous linguistic computation, as previous chapters have suggested, then such mechanisms of growth will involve continuous linguistic computation by children. If the architecture of the Language Faculty is in place continuously, then children will not be forced to resort solely to general non-linguistic conceptual means, even at early periods.


Objective of the Paper: To assess the possibility of supplementing standard speech therapy protocols for dysarthria patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke, with techniques for stimulating the afferent nerves of the mouth and articulatory organs via a proprietary training mask designed to improve proprioception. Key Points: The paper describes a clinical case of using the training mask. Repeated speech evaluations and changes in scores on scales for assessing the severity of speech problems and dysarthria showed that stimulation of the proprioceptive afferents in the mouth and articulatory organs improved mimetic muscle function and speech articulation, contributed to normalizing muscle tone in the articulatory muscles, and reduced speech hesitation. Conclusion: The clinical case described in the paper demonstrates the positive effects of a training mask designed for proprioceptive stimulation of the articulatory muscles in patients with acute ischemic stroke. These results will be of interest to neurologists, speech therapists, and specialists in neurorehabilitation. Keywords: dysarthria, pseudobulbar disorders, extrapyramidal disorders, training mask, ischemic stroke.


In the present research work, soil samples were collected from different hospitals of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, contaminated with hospital disposable materials. Aspergillus ochraceus was isolated from the soil through serial dilution followed by morphological identification. Furthermore, different strains of human pathogenic bacteria were isolated from hospitalized patient's blood, urine and pus samples. The isolated A. ochraceus was tested against the isolated pathogenic bacterial strains for antimicrobial activities. Antibacterial results were observed against multi drugs resistant (MDR) human pathogenic bacteria.


A numerical monoid is a cofinite additive submonoid of the nonnegative integers, while a Puiseux monoid is an additive submonoid of the nonnegative cone of the rational numbers. Using that a Puiseux monoid is an increasing union of copies of numerical monoids, we prove that some of the factorization invariants of these two classes of monoids are related through a limiting process. This allows us to extend results from numerical to Puiseux monoids. We illustrate the versatility of this technique by recovering various known results about Puiseux monoids.


This paper describes low-molecular-mass liquid crystals doped with suitable dyes which can be used for real-time holographic purposes. We describe the origins of the diffraction gratings or holograms induced by a light intensity pattern in a dye-doped nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between two conducting glass plates. The mechanism is linked to electric-field-driven reorientation of the nematic director. The modulation of the electric field is induced mainly by the bulk photoconductivity of the system. Design and characterization (response time, diffraction efficiency) of the optically addressed spatial light modulator (OA-SLM) is presented. Interesting applications of these materials enabling phase conjugation and optical correlation are discussed.


Along with its growing economic power, China has developed and used economic levers to increase its political influence around the world. The use of its internal market as a political tool to bargain with developed countries, the recycling of its financial surplus and the signing of commercial partnerships to pursue national security objectives, all these economic levers have been used effectively by the Chinese authorities for geopolitical purposes. This efficiency was not only due to the authoritarian nature of the regime. The party-state has reformed itself too since the start of the opening and reform policy in 1978, and it was able to encourage players in the economic sphere to participate in national geopolitical objectives. Despite this efficiency, China faces also several obstacles in using its economic influence. Most stem from the nature of its political system and a perception of China as a new hegemonic power.


Epicurism which has its name from Epicure's thought system regards values as valuable when they provide man with pleasure. In other words Epicurism is a philosophical thought which is completely materialistic and pleasure based. According to Epicuros man's soul will eternally be annihilitated with his body so we should take all pleasure during our lives which end in any way. We should not have boundaries * Prof. Dr., Fırat Ü. Ġnsani ve Sos. Bil. Fak. Türk Dili ve Ed. Böl. El-mek: email@example.com


The importance of the effects of nucleon-nucleon (NN) short-range correlations (SRC) and Gribov inelastic shadowing (IS) on various high energy scattering processes involving nuclear targets is demonstrated within an improved Glauber-Gribov approach.


A 28-year-old male patient presented at our institution with symptomatic atypical atrial flutter. His underlying heart disease was congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (AVand VA-discordance), atrial (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD), subpulmonary stenosis, and dextrocardia. At the age of 6 years, the ASD and VSD were closed and a homograft inserted between the morphologic left ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Because of postoperative complete heart block, a pacemaker (PM) had been implanted (Medtronic Kappa DR 401, bipolar atrial and ven-


Introduction Overview of PCB Properties, Uses, and Occurrence Regulatory History Analytical Chemistry of PCBs Physical, Chemical, Commercial, Environmental, and Biological Properties Introduction PCB Nomenclature Physical Properties Synthesis and Standards Production and Use Environmental Occurrence Environmental Transport and Fate Destruction, Degradation, and Metabolism Toxicology Occupational Exposure and Its Effects Analytical Procedures U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Procedures ANSI and ASTM Procedures Procedures for Food and Fish Procedures for Byproduct Analysis Future Needs Sample Collection and Storage Sampling Design Water Air Natural Gas in Pipelines Soils and Sediments Other Solids Surfaces Oil, Dielectric Fluids, Etc. Biological Samples Extraction General Considerations Water Sewage and Sludge Sediment and Soil Air Blood Animal and Plant Tissues Paper Products Oils Wipes and Other Bulk Samples Ancillary Considerations Cleanup Adsorbent Column Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography Thin-Layer Chromatography Adsorbent Slurry Techniques Gel Permeation Chromatography Liquid-Liquid Partitioning Chemical Degradation Cleanup and Oil Samples Sulfur Removal Comparison of Cleanup Techniques Criteria for Choice of a Cleanup Technique Validation of Cleanup Techniques Future Needs Determination Criteria for Choice of Techniques Gas Chromatography Thin-Layer Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Nonchromatographic Methods Confirmation Field Analyses Screening Summary Data Reduction Qualitative Quantitative Data Reporting Potential Improvements in Data Reduction Quality Assurance General Considerations Special Considerations in PCB Analyses Previous QC Measures Recommended QA/QC Measures Potential Improvements in QA Collaborative Studies Wildlife Chicken Fat and Fish Paperboard Marine Sediments Quantitation Techniques and Milk Paper Mill Effluent Ambient Air Wet Lake Sediment Naturally Contaminated Dry Sediments Dry Pigments Insulating Oils Byproducts from Industrial Processes Bovine Serum Byproducts in a Chlorinated Aromatic Waste Herring Lubricating Oils Municipal and Industrial Wastewater PCBs in Oil PCBs in Mineral Oil by ASTM D 4059 Eel Fat Extracts Transformer Oils Homologs in Water, Soil, and Sediment by GC/MS Oil Soxtec Extraction of Soils Congeners in Solution Aroclor 1260 in Soil Preparation of Calibration Solutions Pipeline Condensates Specific Congeners in Milk Non- and Mono-Ortho-Substituted Congeners in Herring Oil GC/Ion Trap MS Evaluation Procurement and Execution of PCB Analyses Responsibilities of the Requester Responsibilities of the Analyst Procurement of PCB Analyses Bibliography Appendices Nomenclature of PCBs Composition of Some Commercial PCB Mixtures Mass Spectral Characteristics of PCBs GC/ECD Chromatograms of Aroclor Mixtures PCB Information Package from EPA TSCA Assistance Information Service Materials Safety Data Sheet for PCBs, Monsanto Company Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Database Terms and Abbreviations Index


OBJECTIVE:Opportunistic disorders (OD) are the most frequent GI manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there appears to be have been a reduction in the incidence of many of these OD; however, the effect of HAART on the prevalence of GI OD has not been well studied.METHODS:From 4/95 through 3/98, all HIV (HIV)-infected patients undergoing GI endoscopy were prospectively identified; mucosal biopsies were obtained in a standardized fashion and histological specimens were examined by a single GI pathologist. Patients were divided into three groups based on the time of evaluation: group I: 4/95 to 3/96; group II: 4/96 to 3/97; and group III: 4/97 to 3/98.RESULTS:A total of 166 patients (90% men; mean age 36 ± 10 yr; median CD4 lymphocyte count 62 cells/μl, range 2–884, median viral RNA level 1,357 copies/ml, range undetectable to 7,721,715) underwent 279 upper and/or lower endoscopies during the study period. There were no statistical differences in patients' demographics and indications for endoscopy although the CD 4 lymphocyte count was higher in group III. The percentage of patients receiving HAART at the time of endoscopy increased from 0% to 57% over the three periods (p < 0.01), and the percentage of patient receiving combination antiretroviral therapy increased from 37% to 82% over the study period (p < 0.01). In contrast, the prevalence of OD decreased from 69% (group I) to 13% (group III) (p < 0.01), whereas the prevalence of non-OD, including a normal endoscopy increased from 31% to 87% (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:GI OD now seem to be an uncommon problem in HIV-infected patients undergoing endoscopy despite a low CD4 lymphocyte count, and this reduction of OD was associated with the use of HAART.


Insider control has aroused enthusiasm of economists and entrepreneurs to normalize corporate governance, and the theorizers have long being concentrated their attention to the problem of insider control. Relatively, the research concerning the styles, effect and the way to annihilate insider control leaves much to be desired. This paper lists 9 styles of insider control and expresses the principle of sufficient disclosure of financial information under the circumstance of complete monopoly by which the society can perfectly resolve the problem of insider control, based of the specified analysis of styles of insider control. Meanwhile the author provides a general solution to reduce malfunction of insider control in the competitive industries.


Objective: To investigate the adhesion efficiency of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) on PLGA scaffolds on two different conditions.Methods: hDPSCs were seeded on PLGA scaffolds with the same quantities,both on the conditions of conventional environment and simulated microgravity.After 24 hours,the cells-scaffold compositions were obtained.SEM was employed to observe the cells morphology and cells counting to determine the quantities of adherence cells.Then the adhesion efficiencies were calculated.Results: The adhesion efficiencies decreased with the increase of seeding cells on the conventional condition(P0.05),and significant increased on the simulated microgravity condition(P0.01).The adhesion efficiencies of simulated microgravity condition were higher than the conventional condition(P0.01).Cells seeded on the simulated microgravity displayed more abundant microvilli.Conclusion: The simulated microgravity would promote the adhesion of hDPSCs on PLGA scaffolds.


The overall aim of this project was to explore the experiences and opinions of refugees living in Scotland towards the UK citizenship process and becoming British citizens. In the wider context of the social cohesion agenda, the UK Government has promoted the integration of refugees. Alongside these developments, there have been several changes that have impacted upon refugees including English language and Life in the UK tests, citizenship ceremonies and the introduction of the Active Review. By drawing upon theoretical literature, analysis of secondary data and 30 in-depth interviews the project explored the impact of these changes upon refugees living in Scotland. The research identified four key reasons for refugees deciding to become British citizens (or not). These include instrumental reasons, a search for safety and security, to develop a sense of belonging to the UK and securing legal rights in the UK. The project explored the difficulties that refugees have faced in progressing towards citizenship including costs and the application process. Finally the research examined the relationship between citizenship, integration and sense of belonging. Alongside the substantive component of the project, the research has promoted and facilitated knowledge exchange activities between the University of Strathclyde and the Scottish Refugee Council.


Interest in postmodernity that has stagnated over the past decade has come to be replaced by a concern with globalization. While the two terms are often considered to be divergent there is a continuity as theoretical discourse transfers from one to the other. In what follows, we first distill the heuristic models employed by various knowledge-geographical traditions of social thought in conceptualizing postmodernism. We then transpose these models into recent debates on globalization. Globalization theory has become the provence of British and American theorists because of a contiguity that extends back to a propitious model employed to understand postmodernism. Globalization theory in France and Germany are largely non-existent or tangential for similar reasons that find opposite tendencies. The spatial and temporal aspect inherent to both the modern and postmodern indicates that both already present a stance on globalization. Among the key factors predicting the fortunes of heuristic models is the continuation of classical theoretical concerns in the present situation of globalization. Post-classical tendencies in heuristic models indicate that more cloistered postmodern concerns do not transfer well to globalization. Those heuristic models that conceive of a postmodernist break are those whose application to present instantiations of globalization is subsequently limited.


Seasonal dynamics of soil catalase(CAT),peroxidase(PEX),polyphenol oxidase(POX),protease(PRO),invertase(INT) and alkali phosphotase(ALP) activities in west Songnen alkali degraded grassland are examined.The results indicate that the changing patterns of PEX,PRO,INT activities vary from season to season,while CAT,POX,ALP activities bear the same changing tendency and their peak value appears in August or September in alkali spot,severe,moderate and mild degraded soils.Enzymatic activities of different seasons have the various ranges in different degraded types of soil.Changing ranges of CAT,POX and ALP in moderate and severe salinization soil are more than that in mild soil.However,changing ranges of PEX,PRO and INT activities in moderate and severe salinization soils are less than that in mild soil.There is seasonal relevance between different enzymatic activities,but they are different in different types of soil.


New technology for the hydroformylation of olefins has been developed jointly b.y Union Carbide Corporation, navy Powergas Limited and Johnson Matthey & Co. Limited. The process employs a novel rhodium-based homogeneous catalyst system at signijicantly lower pressures and temperatures than conventional cobalt-using processes, resulting in major savings in capital investment and operating costs. Another most important feature of the new process is that it provides much higher ratios of norma1:iso aldehydes produced when propylene and other olefins are used as feedstocks than is possible with Conventional processes. Several plants utilising the new system are now under construction.


This is a case study which analyzed a gymnast's problems prior to the Olympic Games and described psychological intervention on these problems.After 3.5 months consultation and mental training,the gymnast made a positive change in mental status and mastered a variety of mental skills that she actually utilized in the practice.Together with her teammates,the athlete finally won the women's team gold medal in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.


Fuel-air explosions (FAE) have been investigated in the context of far-field nuclear airblast simulation. The objective of the investigation is to determine the feasibility of a reusable FAE simulator at the one kiloton level. Two issues have been researched in parallel efforts. These are the mechanisms by which largescale FAE clouds of controlled shape can be reliably and repeatedly formed and detonated, and the quality of nuclear airblast simulation that is achieved when such FAE clouds are detonated. The formation of hemispherical clouds by simultaneous, impulsive liquid fuel injection through a large number of radially directed, centrally clustered nozzles is discussed in detail. Specific fuel dispenser designs are considered and use experience with two of these is described. Survey experiments dealing with the atomization and penetration characteristics of large-diameter, implulsively formed single liquid jets are discussed. Small-scale hemispherical cloud formation experiments are also discussed. A new reusable facility for testing FAE simulation of nuclear airblasts at the 1/4-ton scale is described. Preliminary surface-burst experiments at that scale using propylene oxide and heptane as fuels are discussed. The results from these experiments are scaled and compared with 1 kt nuclear curvefits. The agreement is judged to be reasonable at this scale.more » Numerical calculations of the airblast that emerges from a detonated heptane-air cloud have also been carried out.« less


A seasonal investigation was conducted on the plankton community structure at five sampling profiles(S1-S3 for discharge area and S4-S5 for non-discharge area) in the areas with high and medium tide levels of the mudflat wetland of Hangzhou Bay in April(spring),July(summer),October(autumn),2010 and January(winter),2011,aimed to understand the characteristics of the plankton community and their relationships with environmental factors.In the wetland,the annual average density of phytoplankton was 3278 ind·L~(-1),being dominated by Oscillatoria(69.2%) and Ulothrix(17.2%),and the biomass was 0.039 mg·L~(-1),being dominated by Coscinpdoscus(66.2%) and Nitzschia(23.5%).The annual average density of zooplankton was 54.4 ind · L~(-1),being dominated by Rotifera(68.1%) and Copepoda(29.5%),and the biomass was 0.268 mg·L~(-1),being dominated by Copepoda(61.2%) and Rotifera(23.9%).The dominant species of each group of plankton were Oscillatoria,Brachionus calyciflorus,Diaphanosoma brachyurum,Sinocalanus dorrii,and Nematodes,respectively.The water nutrient concentrations and the biomass of plankton community were much higher at the profiles S2-S3 than at the other profiles,and much higher in the areas with medium tide level than with high tide level.The water NH4_+~-N concentration was significantly linearly correlated with phytoplankton biomass and zooplankton biomass,and the pollution index had a significant positive correlation with rotifers biomass(P 0.001).The areas with medium tide level were seriously polluted by inland discharge,whereas the significant increase of rotifer biomass and the decline of zooplankton species richness were the important characteristics of the plankton community.


ABSTRACT This paper studies the storage life of ICR18650 lithium-ion batteries at different temperatures and different SOC (stage of charge). The author establishes a storage life prediction model. Based on the empirical model, the author analyzed the relationship between temperature and SOC about the influencing factors through experimental data, and used nonlinear regression fitting to determine the model parameters, and the storage life prediction model of irreversible capacity loss with respect to temperature, SOC, and time is finally established. Based on the differences of monomers and measurement errors during test, an error model was established, and a Monte Carlo simulation test was conducted on the battery storage life. Then we build a SVR model based on the obtained data. According to the SVR model, we can analyze the health state of the battery pack based on the given parameters of battery pack in storage. Thus, we can make a prognosis about the SOH of battery pack quickly and accurately. The innovation of the research is that based on the storage test of battery cells combined with data analysis and deductive simulation, we can predict the health state of the whole battery pack. The operation can greatly save experimental resources.


Through the analysis and comparison, It is found that the uncertainty of wind field has immense effects on the nuclear accidents emergency decision. In the light of that, after combining with the relevant knowledge of nuclear accidents emergency, the Bayes decision model (NBDM) on the basis of Bayes risk decision theory is advanced in order to decrease the uncertainty of wind field and to improve the precision of decision in ESY and realize it by computer. At the same time, the method is compared with Alexandre method. In the end the analysis of an example is provided.


Copper base alloys used in desalination plants fall into three main classes: the brasses, the bronzes and the cupro-nickels. They are obtained as wrought or cast products. The advantages and drawbacks of casting copper alloys are briefly given. Because of their thicker cross-section, more freedom to modify the melt composition and possibility of post-heat treatment, cast products usually exhibit better corrosion performance compared to their wrought analogs.


The increasing number of renewable energy sources requires new approaches for the management of the electricity grid in order to sustain or even to improve the power supply quality. Furthermore, liberalization of the grid leads to the variety of energy suppliers; therefore, trading of energy and power is becoming imperative. In these modern environments, it has become much more important to identify which power sources or suppliers are providing power to a specific load, how much each power source or supplier is occupying power line usage, and what is the contribution of each supplier to the overall system. This paper implements the power flow coloring, by giving a unique ID to each power flow between a specific power source and a specific power load. It enables us to design versatile power flow patterns between distributed power sources and loads while keeping the stability of the Nano-grid (NG). To implement the power flow coloring we propose a cooperative distributed control method, where a time-slot based feedback control is introduced to cope with power fluctuations. Experimental results show the effectiveness of proposed system in managing fluctuating loads.


The Chinese classical rhetoric was placed in the academic pla tform of literature and art and philosophy studies, whereas modern rhetoric is subordinat ed to the disciplinary platform of linguistics. Since the latter is a tilted one , it comes as little surprise that the Chinese rhetoric situated within the disc iplinary framework of linguistics has little access to sharing linguistic resour ces. This article, based on the double consideration of theory and application, proposes a regeneration of rhetoric, arguing that the disciplinary construction and development of rhetoric necessitates a shared academic space of cross-discip linary nature.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critique the role of homeless hostels in contemporary society, examining their role and legitimacy as sites of discipline and regulation of behaviors, ideas and aspirations.

Design/methodology/approach
The research draws upon in-depth qualitative interviews and supplementary observations undertaken in two homeless hostels in Stoke-on-Trent.

Findings
The research finds that even the most benign interventions enacted in homeless hostels are infused with disciplinary and regulatory techniques and suggests that the author needs to consider the legitimacy and efficacy of such approaches when seeking to understand the role of the hostel in assisting residents in (re)developing their autonomy.

Research limitations/implications
While there are legitimate reasons for the deployment of such techniques in some cases, legitimacy can be undermined where expectations go unmet or where developing residents' and service user's needs are not necessarily the main object of the interventions.

Practical implications
Hostel providers need to consider the ethicality and legitimacy of the interventions in place when seeking to help service users and residents to (re)develop their autonomy and ensure that efforts are focused in an effective and meaningful way.

Social implications
Homeless people are among the most vulnerable and excluded in society. The paper seeks to draw attention to the disciplinary and regulatory techniques to which they are subject in order to ensure that approaches employed to support homeless individuals have a clear, ethical and legitimate basis.

Originality/value
The research draws upon original data collected as part of a doctoral research project into wider experiences of unemployment.


We report the case of a young man from an area where schistosomiasis is endemic, in the state of Pernambuco, who presented with hemorrhage. Initially diagnosed as rectum neoplasia, subsequent investigation demonstrated rectal giant schistosomal granuloma. The diagnoses and clinical aspects of the case are discussed in this study.


Abstract : The decay characteristics of disturbances generated from towing an axisymmetric body in a towing tank are estimated. The intensities of the mean velocity defect in a turbulent wake, wake turbulence, and a turbulent two-dimensional line vortex are estimated to be respectively of the order of .01 x U and .001 x U at 32 and 320 seconds, after the passage of a body which is 20 inches (50 cm) in diameter and towed at U = 50 ft/sec (15 m/s). Sample calculations of the influence of flow disturbances in altering the body's axisymmetric pressure distribution are included. (Author)


BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one the most common subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer, yet the treatment options for it remain limited. Here, we report a case of advanced SCC and review the related literature focusing on the multiline therapy method. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 45-year-old man with advanced SCC who was deemed inoperable at the time of advanced SCC diagnosis. The patient had been referred to our hospital in April 2013 with complaints of a stuffy feeling in the chest, dyspnea, and pain in the right shoulder lasting for 1 mo. Physical examination found no obvious abnormalities, except for lower breath sound in the right lower lung. Laboratory data were within normal limits. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the tumor tissue showed CK5/6 (+), p63 (+), CD56 (+), and Ki-67 (+, approximately 30%), and genetic testing detected no EGFR mutation. He received a multiline treatment that included chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and antiangiogenic therapy. After more than 5-year comprehensive treatment, the patient remains alive. CONCLUSION This typical case highlights the importance of appropriate multiline therapy for those patients with advanced SCC.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Research suggests LGBT populations have unique healthcare challenges. The purpose of this study was to understand contextual factors, including minority stress and social resources, associated with the healthcare utilization of LGBT middle-aged and older adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data from the Caring and Aging With Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS; N = 2,560), multiple logistic regression investigated associations between minority stress (i.e., internalized stigma, LGBT identity disclosure) and healthcare utilization (i.e., health screenings, emergency room use, routine checkups, regular provider). We also examined the moderating effect of social resources (i.e., social network size, social support, LGBT community belonging) in these associations.

RESULTS
Internalized stigma was negatively associated with having a routine checkup in the previous year. LGBT identity disclosure was positively associated with having a health screening within the past 3 years. Social support moderated the association between LGBT identity disclosure and health screenings.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Health and human service professionals and their clients should be educated about the ways that LGBT identity disclosure can impact healthcare utilization. Providers should consistently assess the social support of their aging LGBT clients and inform them about the potential risk of low social support in healthcare utilization.


Andersen and Petersen (1993) presented an extension of the basic DEA methodology, called modified DEA, which has the desirable feature of ranking not only the inefficient DMUs, but the e ficient ones as well. However, when their basic approach is extended to the cases of variable returns to scale and non-discretionary inputs, several conceptual problems arise. This paper addresses these problems, and illustrates the proposed extensions to the modified DEA method using data from a major U.S. bank.


Should Philosophy be made accessible and applied to children? In what way can Philosophy for Children help children/youngsters to think better? How can we learn to think? This article shows what Philosophy for Children is meant to be, pointing out its real impact in a society where we increasingly find children and youngster gravitating towards "standardized" ("patterned") behaviours, opinions, attitudes, and values, who lack their own opinions, don't want to waste time thinking, and without the awareness of how important thinking is to their lives, thus stifling the natural curiosity that is a quality of every human being, and so are alienated from society's real consciousness. It is necessary to predispose children and young people to stop and think, to know how to listen and make themselves heard, to contemplate the unknown with serenity and to enjoy it as something wonderful and undiscovered. Philosophy can be applied to children. We must put the natural and spontaneous restlessness of children to use. Philosophy for Children can aid children and youngsters in developing their reasoning, can teach them to think how to think better, leaving them more critical, argumentative, creative, inquisitive, introspective and with their own opinions.


Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare disease of controversial origin recently recognized as a neoplasm deriving from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Nevertheless, it remains an orphan tumor with obscure biology and dismal prognosis. In this study, we aimed to: 1) molecularly define the cellular counterpart of BPDCN and its relationship with other leukemias; 2) identify genes and cellular programs deregulated in the tumor; and 3) delineate novel potential therapeutic targets. To address these issues we collected and studied by gene expression profile (GEP) 27 BPDCN cases as well as 8 samples of non neoplastic pDCs. Further, a panel of samples including, myeloid precursors (MPs, N=4), lymphoid precursors (LPs, N=9), acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs, N=132), and acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs, N=155) was analyzed. Validation was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue-microarrays, while functional experiments were carried out by using the CAL-1 cell line (derived from a BPDCN case). First, we recognized the cellular derivation of BPDCN, which proved to originate from the myeloid lineage and in particular from resting pDCs. Second, by comparing the GEP of BPDCN and resting pDCs, we identified genes and cellular programs deregulated in the tumor. Following, based on an integrated bio-informatic approach, including four different tools, we uncovered the aberrant activation of the NF-kB pathway that was confirmed in independent assays. Interestingly, among other molecules, we identified BCL2 and IRF4, two well known NFkB targets, as aberrantly upregulated in neoplastic samples and confirmed this observation by IHC. We then tested whether NFkB inhibition could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in this setting. We treated BPDCN cells ex vivowith either the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib or the selective IKKB inhibitor BMS-345541 and found them to be effective in inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at relatively low dosage. By contrast, BPDCN cells turned out to be virtually insensitive to cytarabine, one of the most used drug in this condition. GEP and immunocytochemistry were then successfully used to prove that cell death was accompanied by NFkB shut-off. In conclusion, we identified a molecular signature representative of the transcriptional abnormalities of BPDCN and developed a cellular model proposing the first molecular targeted therapeutic approach in the setting of this currently incurable disease. Funding This work was supported by AIRC (IG10519 and 5xMille10007, Prof. Pileri), Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca sul Cancro "G. Prodi", BolognAIL, RFO (Prof. Pileri, Prof. Piccaluga), FIRB Futura 2011 RBFR12D1CB (Prof. Piccaluga), Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna, Fondazione della Banca del Monte e Ravenna, Progetto Strategico di Ateneo 2006 (Prof. Pileri and Dr. Piccaluga) and by MIUR (PRIN 2011, Prof. Facchetti and Prof. Pileri). The authors have no conflicting financial interests to declare. Acknowledgements The Authors obtained the CAL-1 cell line from Takahiro Maeda (email@example.com), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A model for electric current induced by a running or vibrating temperature grating generated by thermal irradiation is developed. Practical applications of the technique are discussed.


Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a Mediterranean plant that has developed throughout the world and often used as aromatherapy for relaxation. Balm is one of the topical drug forms that effective for patients with very dry skin and has a higher potency and greater drug penetration. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of 10% lavender essential oil balm on serum cortisol levels. This study used 36 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups (negative control = no stressor; positive control = stressor only; placebo = stressor + placebo; L = stressor + Lavender 10%), the forced swim test was given as the stressor. Serum cortisol levels were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test (p<0.05) and continued with the Mann-Whitney Test (p<0,05). The result of the serum cortisol levels analysis showed that 10% lavender essential oil balm significantly (p=0.007 and p=0.041) decreased the serum cortisol levels in rats compared to negative control group and positive control group (684.19 ± 54.081 (L), 712.95 ± 129.589 (C ), and 728.13 ± 48.125 (C)). These results indicate that lavender essential oil balm can be used as an alternative treatment to relieve stress but should be further researched for other biochemical parameters.


Regional differences in heat flow of about 15% are often considered to be significant. However, it is shown here that the observed thermal conductivity for dry rock samples may differ by more than 15% from the conductivity that the rocks had in place—saturated and under hydrostatic pressure. Error in the apparent conductivity arises because cracks, which are present in most rocks, form effective barriers to the flow of heat when rocks are dry but have a negligible effect when the rock is saturated or when the cracks are closed by stress. Several formulas are presented for estimating the possible error for low-porosity crystalline rocks. The theoretical expressions show reasonable agreement with measurements made on dry and saturated samples of a granite under axial compressive stress, up to 930 bars.


Based on the present situation and existed problems of cashmere,wool and cotton industries in our country,the highly effective applicable breeding crucial technology of cashmere sheep was proposed.Taking "breeds","reproduction" as the basis,providing high quality fodder and the planted grass as the foundation,along with the gradually changing raising method,strengthening the construction of sheep shed and the medical care,establishes the perfect immunity system,guarantees the sheep for cashmere safety,achieves the highly effective production aim.


Automated corrective feedback is the processing of the Computer-Assisted Language Learning used in L2 English writing assessment that is ubiquitous in current L2 practice and research (e.g.,Chen,2016; Chukharev & Gao et al, 2020).This research examined the effect of automated corrective feedback of Pigainet as a kind of Computer-Assisted language learning instruments in English writing revision. Data were collected from 591 drafts of 31 participants who submitted their drafts on Pigainet and coded as errors frequency ratios according to POS category. Findings suggested that Pigainet could help participants revise their writing errors of Article, Verb, Preposition, and Noun.


Intrinsic optical signal (IOS) indicates activities of cerebral cortical neurons in the optical imaging method, which is one of the in vivo recording methods of activities of cerebral cortical neurons. We propose the IOS imaging method for craniotomy procedure such as diagnostic use of epilepsy surgery. We designed a prototype CMOS image sensor device using 0.35-µm CMOS standard process for in vivo IOS imaging. The sensor device enables multi-functional recording of brain activities such as IOS, EEG, area image, electrical stimulation in order to improve reliability of diagnosis and allows simple measurement setup. Preliminary experiments using the fabricated device are demonstrated to detect hemoglobin filled in a blood vessel phantom.


This paper discuss at length both contracts and the legal implications of the presence of gharar on the validity of these contracts.


Introduction Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience a sustained worsening in symptoms termed an acute exacerbation (AECOPD). AECOPDs impact on patients' quality of life and lung function, are costly to health services and are an important topic for research. Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly being used to study AECOPD, requiring accurate detection of AECOPD in EHRs to ensure generalisable results. The aim of this protocol is to provide an overview of studies that validate AECOPD definitions used in EHRs and administrative claims databases. Methods and analysis Medline and Embase will be searched for terms related to COPD exacerbation, EHRs and validation. All studies published between 1 January 1990 and 30 September 2019 written in English that validate AECOPD in EHRs and administrative claims databases will be considered. Inclusion criteria: EHR data must be routinely collected; the AECOPD detection algorithm must be compared against a reference standard; and a measure of validity must be calculable. Two independent reviewers will screen articles for inclusion, extract study details and assess risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus or arbitration by a third reviewer. This protocol has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. Ethics and dissemination This will be a review of previously published literature therefore no ethical approval is required. Results from this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results can be used in future research to identify occurrences of AECOPD. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019130863.


Particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular risk, but most studies of the association have not assessed long-term outcomes. In a


In view of the problems come across by the beginners in learning C language, the article, by analyzing the programming of the game "mine", introduces the learning ways and programming techniques of some important and difficult contents. To promote their interest in learning C language and to improve further study, the article discusses how to use those flexibly ways and techniques as well as the structure and point of C language to better programs and to realize the advanced programming.


The text describes five species representing three genera of fossil lagomorphs recovered from the small mammal fauna of the Late Pliocene deposits at Yangyuan and Yuxian, Hebei Province. These include Pliopentalagus nihewanensis sp. nov., Hypolagus schreuderi, Ochotona cf. lagrelii, Ochotona minor, and Ochotona erythrotis. The first discovery of Pliopentalagus in Asia is noted with a discussion of its origin and evolution. A commentary is included on Hypolagus, commonly found in the Plio-Pleistocene of North China. The text proposes that the Hypolagus-Pliopentalagus complex extends into the Early Villafranchian land mammal stage and occurs with the taxa Ochotona lagrelii and Ochotona minor.


Computer work and musculoskeletal complaints in the neck and shoulder area are both common in today's working life [1]. Studies show that visually demanding computer work cause a significant increase in eye-related pain [2], that visual discomfort in computer work is related to pain in the neck and shoulder area [3], and that there is an association between sustained eye-lens accommodation at near and trapezius activity [4, 5]. The proposed relationship between eyestrain and discomfort in the neck and shoulder area indicates the need to also consider the visual conditions to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in computer workers. This study investigates how exposure to glare during reading on a computer screen affects the development of eyestrain and, neckand shoulder pain. The study investigates associations between subjective symptoms, muscle load and muscle blood flow in m. orbicularis oculi and m. trapezius.


The solubility of human costal cartilage during exhaustive digestion with proteases (van der Korst, Sokoloff, and Miller, 1968) or 5 M guanidine-HCI (Miller, van der Korst, and Sokoloff, 1969) decreases with ageing. These observations stimulated us to investigate the quantitative effect of glycosamino-glycan and protein-degrading enzymes on costal cartilage in regard to age. The first enzyme studied was a-amylase, because crude preparations of this enzyme seem to have a peculiar effect on the inter-cellular substance of connective tissues, i.e. solubilization of collagen (Steven, 1964) and release of acid glycosaminoglycans (Quintarelli, Dellovo, Balduini, and Castellani, 1969).


It was polymerized in emulsion by the redox initiator which was ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfate/formaldehyde sodium bisulfateas.The effects for PVAc at intermediate temperature by the amount of initiator,the amount of emulsifying agent,polymerization temperature were discussed.When emulsifying agent and initiator were 0.15% and 0.6%,respectively,the temperature could decrease to 45 ℃,the milky emulsion had a property that viscosity was 5.8 Pa·s,and solid scontent was 50%.


Sermüezzin Rifat Bey, one of the composers of the 19th century, composed songs in different maqams and in various forms. Rifat Bey, the composer of the Tanzimat period, kept pace with the changes brought about by the westernization trend. His songs in the field of Turkish music and Western music are important for both fields. In this study, Sermüezzin Rifat Bey's in hicâzkâr maqam, that determined note in 22 pieces study, rhythm-prosody relationship was examined. That use, in between studies, of prosody's similarities and differences showed. In light of the results obtained, of lyrics, with music phrases and rhythm was seen that in harmony is shaped.


Fruit of Mohawk' in 1986 and 1988 and Shoshoni' pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] in 1986 were thinned during early August using a pecan shaker with modified shaker pads. Fruit removed ranged from 44 % to 57 % of the crop load. Fruit thinning increased nut size of Mohawk' in both years, but did not affect nut size of Shoshoni'. Kernel percentage of thinned Mohawk' and Shoshoni' trees increased, and kernel grade of Mohawk' improved relative to unthinned trees (...)


In recent years, there has been a strong interest in measuring the available bandwidth of network paths. Several methods and techniques have been proposed and various measurement tools have been developed and evaluated. However, there have been few comparative studies with regards to the actual performance of these tools. This paper presents a study of available bandwidth measurement techniques and undertakes a comparative analysis in terms of accuracy, intrusiveness and response time of active probing tools. Finally, measurement errors and the uncertainty of the tools are analysed and overall conclusions made.


The inclusion of a gender perspective in medicine has shown that gender is an essential factor in health and disease, in medical encounters and also in medical students' educational environment. Th ...


This paper presents a few pieces of evidence on neotectonic structural evolution of the Polish segment of the Outer Carpathians. During the Late Neogene, structural development was largely controlled by normal faulting and block uplift. However, there are also indications of compressional stress setting, at least during the Pliocene and partic ularly within the medial and eastern parts of the belt. In the Quaternary, in turn, structural development has been mainly controlled by compressional stress arrangement, with a\ ori entated roughly perpendicular to the belt. The PlioceneQuaternary tectonic mobility of the Polish Outer Carpathians has been relatively weak and mostly of thin-skinned charac ter. Normal faults were formed on the margins of intramon tane basins and in the western part of the belt. Rates of up lift of individual structures were variable and the amount of uplift was the greatest in the Late Pliocene and Early Qua ternary times. Geomorphologically-detected zones of uplift are relatively narrow and arranged subparallel or under small angle in respect to the strike of principal thrusts and frontal parts of large slices. Such an arrangement is interpreted as resulting from the steepening of frontal thrusts due to hori zontal compression within the overthrust flysch nappes. This hypothesis is confirmed by the results of recent break-out and GPS studies, as well as by focal solutions of some Outer Carpathian earthquakes.


ABSTRACT To the Editor: —Having had some experience with Leptus autumnalis, harvest bug, or mower's mite, last fall, I thought some one might be able to profit by a treatment for this most disagreeable insect's bite which I accidentally discovered. The mite was very prevalent in our neighborhood, and was found for some time in the hay. Men working about the barns, feeding stock, were badly bitten. The insect burrows under the skin and makes an extremely itchy area surrounding the point of entrance. Having tried all the remedies spoken of in available books, to no relief, I used kerosene to remove some very greasy ointment which had been applied with no results. Immediate relief followed the application of the kerosene. Later, I found that if a person washed the parts affected with a cloth wet in kerosene as soon as the first itching was noticed, or before the mite had


A system was designed using AT89C51 as core component which is an import component in designing and implementing the multifunction display system of bringing calendar-clock and the temperature and(humidity) measuring.The system has functions to restore,check,adjust,display and alarm.Its systematic structure is simple,easy to operate,and has extensive application prospects.


A thesis submitted to the Department of Economics,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Master of Science Degree in Economics (Energy and Natural Resource), 2016


In the history of navigation, the subject of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) is a comparative newcomer. Nevertheless, it has and is generating interest, controversy and discussion analogous almost with the change from sail to steam or the advent of radar at sea. Interestingly though, much of the VTS debate has taken place within the industry itself—i.e. amongst the nautical professions, shipping companies and governmental marine regulatory agencies. This has resulted in a deservedly strong technical emphasis on the subject which, after all, is primarily concerned with marine safety. Legal questions have so far been sidelined or reduced to background interest. Legal problems relating to accident liability have been rarely discussed and when they were, have often been distorted.


A three year old girl with a severe type of camptodactyly of 100 degrees in the right little finger was successfully treated conservatively. A well tolerated circular below elbow plaster of Paris with the PIP joint in maximal extension was applied and changed at short intervals. Gradually after eight weeks complete extension and full return of function as well as a marked radiographic remodelling of the PIP joint were obtained. A slight relapse to 25 degrees of contracture at 2 years follow-up was soon corrected the same way.


Corruption in Indonesia is classified as an extraordinary crime, law enforcement was doneunconventional ways. Through the Supreme Court Decision No. 510K / Pid.Sus / 2014 Sugiarto defendant, the judge decided 18 years of imprisonment, the sentence was higher than the prosecution or commonly named Ultra Petita. However, based on Criminal law, Ultra Pelita has not been clearly regulated by the government. The method of this thesis is a descriptive analysis, and using normative juridical approach. Technique of data collection obtained by library research with using conducting in-depth assessment of secondary data that include primary legal materials, secondary law and tertiary legal materials. Then the data analyzed through qualitatively normative. From this research can be drawn the conclusion that the reason that the judge handed down the verdict is overdemands of the prosecution because the corruption suspect did to enrich themselves that actually it taken from state funds, so that the defendant appropriate and fair to sentenced weight commensurate with his actions. In judicial practice, judges are allowed to doing anUltra Petita as long asa justice law can be reached by the maximum limit of the corridor criminal sanction which specified in the provisions or article.


a drug-free, vegetarian, and private lifestyle. A musicologist by training, Hawkins uses theories of instrumentation and notation tonality to support his arguments surrounding performance and voice. However, The British Pop Dandy diverges from his previous studies because it is largely based on historic, cultural, and even anecdotal examples rather than on music theory. Hawkins meticulously describes every example, ensuring that all readers gain a base knowledge of the array of pop dandyism. To a music-theory purist this might come as a slight distraction, but it serves to open Hawkins' text to a wider audience. Hawkins does interject musical theory to support his ideas on the voice, and he juxtaposes these discussions with social and political commentary regarding the dandy. For those who lack formal training or familiarity with the musical selections, I recommend obtaining copies of the audio and video examples to ensure solid understandings of Hawkins' musical points, which he very carefully and artfully outlines. Included in The British Pop Dandy is a commendable discography organized by referenced albums and songs. Hawkins' work expands not only the pop cultural canon but also the disciplines of cultural, gender, and sexuality studies. He validates pop music and culture as legitimate forms of art and entertainment while also challenging misconceptions regarding the authority and authenticity of pop music and artists. Works such as The British Pop Dandy demonstrate the need for a renewed focus on the study of masculinity. Hawkins introduces important and nuanced research to the field and undertakes the heady deconstruction of identity and the discourses surrounding body politics.


Abstracts English: The article discusses the use of virtual environments (VEs) in teaching and learning. It examines the characteristics of effective VE in learning environments, looking at the added value produced by immersion, whereby students learn directly rather than through difficult symbol systems. Many misapprehensions about VE are corrected, and the conclusions drawn are very pertinent for the use of VEs in teaching and training


—Camouflaged object detection (COD) is an important yet challenging task, with great application values in industrial defect detection, medical care, etc. The challenges mainly come from the high intrinsic similarities between target objects and background. In this paper, inspired by the biological studies that object detection consists of two steps, i.e., search and identification, we propose a novel framework, named DCNet, for accurate COD. DCNet explores candidate objects and extra object-related edges through two constraints (object area and boundary) and detects camouflaged objects in a coarse-to-fine manner. Specifically, we first exploit an area-boundary decoder (ABD) to obtain initial region cues and boundary cues simultaneously by fusing multi-level features of the backbone. Then, an area search module (ASM) is embedded into each level of the backbone to adaptively search coarse regions of objects with the assistance of region cues from the ABD. After the ASM, an area refinement module (ARM) is utilized to identify fine regions of objects by fusing adjacent-level features with the guidance of boundary cues. Through the deep supervision strategy, DCNet can finally localize the camouflaged objects precisely. Extensive experiments on three benchmark COD datasets demonstrate that our DCNet is superior to 12 state-of-the-art COD methods. In addition, DCNet shows promising results on two COD-related tasks, i.e., industrial defect detection and polyp segmentation.


In this note we explain the method how to find the resonance condition on quantum graphs, which is called pseudo orbit expansion. In three examples with standard coupling we show in detail how to obtain the resonance condition. We focus on non-Weyl graphs, i.e. the graphs which have fewer resonances than expected. For these graphs we explain benefits of the method of "deleting edges" for simplifying the graph.


Objective: Noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) devices are calibrated against validated auscultation sphygmomanometers using Korotkoff sounds. This study aimed to investigate the timing of Korotkoff sounds in relation to pulse appearance in the brachial artery and values of intra-arterial blood pressure. Design and method: Experiments were carried out on 15 participants, (14 males, 64.3 ±10.4 years; one female, 86 yo), undergoing coronary angiography. A conventional (oscillometric) BP cuff, with a microphone for Korotkoff sounds, was placed on the upper arm. Intra-arterial brachial artery pressure (IABP) was measured below the cuff with a fluid-filled catheter inserted via the radial artery and an external transducer. Finger photoplethysmography was used to measure brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV). Korotkoff sounds were processed electronically and custom algorithms identified the cuff pressure (CP) at which the first and last Korotkoff sounds were heard. PWV and max slope of the IABP pressure pulse were recorded to estimate arterial stiffness. Results: The brachial artery closed at a CP of 132.0±17.1 mmHg. Systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) pressure were 147.6±14.3 and 72.7±10.1mmHg; mean pressure (MP, 100.1±10.4 mmHg) was similar to MP derived from the peak of the oscillogram (98.5±13.6 mmHg). Difference between IABP and CP recorded at first and last occurrence of Korotkoff sounds were, SBP: 18.9±8.3 (range 2-29) mmHg, DBP: 4.0±4.3 (range -1.6 -12.4) mmHg. Multiple linear regression showed that differences increase with arterial stiffness and can be compensated for using a prediction equation for calculation of true SBP (tSBP) using heart rate (HR) and Korotkoff derived systolic (SBPk) and diastolic (DBPk), at least over the limited age range for this study cohort. Conclusions: SBP and DBP derived from the onset and termination of Korotkoff sounds can underestimate IABP by up to 29 mmHg. Since Korotkoff sounds are the recommended method mandated by the universal standard for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices, these errors are propagated through to all NIBP measurement devices irrespective of whether they use auscultatory or oscillometric methods thus explaining the well known differences recorded between NIBP measurements and intra-arterial BP measurements.


The purpose of this paper was to explore the embodiment of social values in the language use of narratives in upper primary school English for Ethiopia student textbooks prepared in 2011. This descriptive study employed qualitative approach, focusing on content and textual interpretation. All narratives in grades 5 and 6 English Textbooks which were selected purposively were considered. Each character's sex, role, and occupation in the narratives were identified and tabulated through content analysis. The implicit and explicit meanings in the texts were analyzed through critical discourse analysis. Accordingly, the narratives were found to show power circulation among characters, gendered positions, and social values including but not limited to, work ethic, free and fair election, discipline, hospitality, friendship, and family. However, more than half of the values were constructed through negative means like theft, fear, fraud, force, and suchlike morbid acts which characters employed to achieve their goals. Furthermore, the analysis of characters' representations indicated partial social spaces of women and men. Family structure was patriarchal: fathers taught their sons to assume the public sphere, while mothers assumed the domestic sphere. Power relation was asymmetrical and patriarchal, depicting women as weak and men as aggressive. In general, embedded in the narratives were morbid images, the exact opposites of the values that children should develop. Thus, teachers, textbook writers, and curriculum designers are advised to rectify the problems by including narratives that are free from negative images, actions, and attributes.


The Free Money Magic Show is the title of the latest show from Ian Saville, socialist magician, which was premiered at the 2013 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In the show, Ian investigates the real meaning of money. Where does it come from? Do we really need it? Ian consults experts, and his financial adviser, who turns out to be a dummy. Of course, Karl Marx plays a part, but also some new characters, and some new tricks.


In the soils and aquatic systems of coniferous forests, selenium is usually associated with humic substances. To clarify further some of the mechanisms involved, labelled and unlabelled selenite were added to two forest floors and to a brownwater lake. Sequential extraction procedures and chromatographic methods were used to evaluate the resulting association between selenium and humic substances. It was observed that the forest floors fixed most of the added selenite by means of microbial reductive incorporation and that selenium was preferentially incorporated into lowmolecular-weight fractions of the humic substances. By contrast, selenium reduction was much slower in the brown-water lake and instead, inorganic complexation of selenite to metal–humic complexes was important during the experiment, provided that the concentrations of competing ligands were low.


Sen. Lamar Alexander Tennessee Republican and other members of the delegation to Africa might have come up with another wish list if female senators had been along. Here are 10 alternative suggestions for Randall Tobias to get a strong start in his post as AIDS czar. (excerpt)


The compilation of terminological vocabularies plays a central role in the organization and retrieval of scientific texts. Both simple keyword lists as well as sophisticated modellings of relationships between terminological concepts can make a most valuable contribution to the analysis, classification, and finding of appropriate digital documents, either on the Web or within local repositories. This seems especially true for long-established scientific fields with various theoretical and historical branches, such as linguistics, where the use of terminology within documents from different origins is sometimes far from being consistent. In this short paper, we report on the early stages of a project that aims at the re-design of an existing domain-specific KOS for grammatical content grammis. In particular, we deal with the terminological part of grammis and present the state-of-the-art of this online resource as well as the key re-design principles. Further, we propose questions regarding ramifications of the Linked Open Data and Semantic Web approaches for our re-design decisions.


The paper presents an economic and mathematical model of feasibility study of regional projects on drying forests development in the Arkhangelsk Region. The model substantiates distribution of investments within the regional structure allowing the highest possible profits within the timber production spheres under consideration for the planning period.


MOFCOM's 8th Conditional Clearance - Alpha V/Savio Deal* On 31 October 2011, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) publicly announced the eighth conditional merger clearance since the enactment of…


Between Constraints and Innovation: Evolutions of Daily Mobility in Sub-Saharan African Cities. - Within a context of deep poverty, how does one accomplish daily travel in Sub-Saharan African cities and which strategies for adaptation one is brought to develop ? Far from a low uniform mobility level, household travel surveys show evidence of a diversity of mobilities, which are constrained, sometimes even hindered, and present different characteristics according to cities and individuals. Modes of transport are used in original ways and continuous adaptations and innovations are undertaken in the fields of both the supply of transport and the demand for transport. Two examples of this process are discussed in this paper. The first one deals with the great plasticity of transport services supplied by informal operators, as in the case of the motorbike-taxi in several cities. The second example concerns the relative sharing in the use of a rare asset, the personal car, which allows to extend the number of regular users towards a circle of occasional users. Both examples contribute to a two-fold movement, on the one hand the pooling of personal vehicles and in the other hand the individualisation of public transport. In conclusion, the benefits and the limits, in particular environmental limits, of these evolutions, lead to questioning the urban policies necessary for the regulation and organisation of daily mobilities.


A new institute «Pretrial agreement on cooperation» was enforced in the Code of criminal procedure in June 2009. In this article the question of the procedural form of public prosecutor participation in investigation and in consideration of this category of criminal cases is discussed; the loopholes are identified and changes in the prospective legislation are suggested.


Currently, the issues of cross-channel integration (CCI) have become the attentive focus. However, little research based on institutional theory details the drivers of and obstacles to adopt CCI strategy. Combined with resource-based view (RBV) and institutional theory, this thesis studies the effect of institutional pressures on the manufactures' extent of CCI, through exploring the moderating effects of firm's technology competence and relationship governance capabilities on the relationship between institutional pressures and the extent of CCI.,The survey data of 249 valid research samples were obtained from Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Statistical software such as SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 18.0 was used to analyze the data and test the conceptual model and relevant research hypotheses from an empirical perspective.,The results of empirical study from 249 manufacturers indicate that the mimetic, coercive and normative pressures perceived by enterprises can significantly promote their extent of CCI; relationship governance capabilities attenuate the positive impact of mimetic pressures on the extent of CCI, but strengthen that of normative pressures on the extent of CCI; besides, technology competence can attenuate the positive effect of mimetic pressures on the extent of CCI, but enhance that of normative pressures on the extent of CCI.,Few studied the impact of the interaction of internal capabilities and external institutional pressures on CCI of enterprises. This study combines institutional theory and resource-based view to fill the theoretical gap in this regard.


To improve the performance of speckle filter on polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery, an ICA algorithm based on two-dimensional polarization subspace is proposed. In this method, the PolSAR data of three channels were divided into three two-dimensional subspaces, and then the speckle noise component and texture component can be separated by the ICA algorithm. The equivalent number of looks (ENL) can be used to evaluate the effect of speckle filter. And an automatic ENL estimation algorithm is introduced to avoid the manual selection of a region with fully developed speckle and no texture. Performance of the novel speckle filter is tested through real data and the results show that the proposed filter is effective and robust.


The invention relates to a system and method for identifying a web crawler. The system is characterized by comprising a buffering module, a training module, an identifying module, an identifying crawler and a forwarding module, wherein the buffering module is used for storing a request entering the system; when the system starts running, the request is transmitted to the training module; and after training time is over, the request is transmitted to the identifying module; the training module is used for training the request and learning a correspond request for performing suspicion degree calculation; the identifying module is used for analyzing a request submitted to the identifying module, identifying the crawler, recording a source address of the crawler, filtering according to sourceaddress, and discarding data from the crawler address; and the forwarding module is used for forwarding a request permitted by the training module and the identifying module.


In proteomics, electrophoretic 2‐D gels are used to separate the proteome according to the molecular weight and electrical charge of its constituents, which are proteins expressed by a cell or organ at a particular time and under specific conditions. One of the main applications is the analysis of differential expressions between different conditions for which certain (perhaps many) spots are present in one of the images, but not in the other. One of the difficulties of this analysis is that 2‐D gels are affected by spatial distortions due to run‐time differences and dye‐front deformations, which results in images that are significantly dissimilar and that pose a challenging problem to image‐registration algorithms. In this paper, we test the efficiency of a state‐of‐the‐art elastic‐registration algorithm that we had already introduced in the context of biomedical images. We study here the registration of simulated 2‐D gels with known expression patterns and deformations. We show that our algorithm is cap...


Network performance was evaluated for each of the four test templates described in Chapter 6 based on the values for throughput, transaction rate, and response time for Tests 1 and 2, and throughput, percent bytes lost and number of datagrams lost between the endpoints for Tests 3 and 4. Each performance metric was measured and evaluated for different optical power levels. Finally, the Bit Error Rate (BER) characterization of the fiber links, including the attenuators, was evaluated and the results are presented at the end of this chapter in Section 7.5.


To the Editor:

Schmidt et al1 recently reported in Hypertension that aldosterone has a rapid nongenomic vasodilatory effect when infused into the human forearm. Schmitt et al2 published a counterpoint to this report by referring to two studies showing the opposite.

While we have no intention to interfere in the discussion on the complexity of human forearm studies, we wish to call the attention to two independent animal studies published recently in Hypertension 's sister journals Circulation 3 and Circulation Research .4 Using in vitro techniques (rat aortic rings and rabbit renal afferent arterioles) it was shown that aldosterone decreases vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and to depolarization. This novel effect …


Extended design research yielded a situative approach to designing online instruction with some evidence and strong potential for scalability. This approach maximizes productive disciplinary engagement via public discussion of student "wikifolios" in threaded comments. Formative self-assessments and automated quizzes minimize grading and private instructor interaction with students while supporting and documenting achievement. This approach can be implemented in any modern learning management system or using Google tools. It was successfully used to scale up an online course for hundreds of open learners. But an extended partnership to scale out at a fully online high school revealed that educators who were unfamiliar and/or uncomfortable with sociocultural theory found the approach difficult to implement. In response, five design principles have been reframed as fourteen specific steps that do not require familiarity with sociocultural theory. This promises to help users learn how the approach works while designing, delivering, and scaling courses.


The authors put forward a convexity property that significantly improves the efficiency of the branch-and-bound techniques often used to solve optimal design problems for finite-work-length linear-phase FIR (finite-impulse response) digital filters. The property can be used to reduce the number of nodes in the tree search procedure. Results of computational experiments are included. >


The authors analyze changes in the seasonality of births in the Soviet Union as a means of evaluating vital statistics registration. "In the case of birth registration in the Soviet Union we will show that although according to the official principle vital statistics refer to the date of their occurrence in practice Soviet birth statistics often probably refer to the date of registration. Furthermore sharp changes in the seasonal pattern of reported births between the 1950s and 1985 suggest either movement in practice from use of date-of-registration to use of date-of-occurrence or more timely reporting of events in general." Official Soviet and U.N. statistics for the country as a whole are used. (EXCERPT)


At first this paper deals with market sugar price data according to the grey theory,then optimizes power valve value study training of neural network using the improved real code GA technology,which becomes a simply general,the rapid convergence improved the BP model.Based on this,finally this paper gives an example in the market single dimensional sugar price forecast,which indicates that RINAGA BP forecast model has the excellent efficiency and the precision in the economic data simulation analysis such as sugar price.


Many problems in computer vision require estimation of both model parameters and boundaries, which limits the usefulness of standard estimation techniques from statistics. Example problems include surface reconstruction from range data, estimation of parametric motion models, fitting circular or elliptic arcs to edgel data, and many others. This paper introduces a new estimation technique, called the "Domain Bounding M-Estimator", which is a generalization of ordinary M-estimators combining error measures on model parameters and boundaries in a joint, robust objective function. Minimization of the objective function given a rough initialization yields simultaneous estimates of parameters and boundaries. The DBM-Estimator has been applied to estimating line segments, surfaces, and the symmetry transformation between two edgel chains. It is unaffected by outliers and prevents boundary estimates from crossing even small magnitude discontinuities.


We demonstrate a visible light communication system based on DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) and achieve a bit rate of 481 Mb/s at a communication distance of 65 cm by employing single 1-W commercial phosphorescent light-emitting diode (LED). The average bit error rate of the received data is 2.3×10-3, which is below the forward error correction limit, 3.8×10-3. The effect of signal clipping in DCO-OFDM system is studied and resource allocation algorithms are utilized. At least 13% capacity improvement can be obtained by suitable signal clipping and resource allocation.


EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted this paper for publication because although it is a retrospective study we have not published information previously on umbilical cord entanglement in twins and we would encourage readers to submit prospective information on this potentially very important problem. As the authors indicate Doppler ultrasound is used in some centres now to detect cord entanglement prior to labour. Indeed in 1994 when the editor visited hospitals in the province of Jiangsu in China he was told that cord entanglement detected by Doppler ultrasound was an indication they used for Caesarean section. The Caesarean section rate in the hospitals concerned was approximately 30%. There is also the question of whether umbilical cord entanglement or abnormally short or long cords can have significance in terms of intrauterine growth and fetal well‐being. The umbilical cord is around the neck of the fetus in 15–30% of singleton births (A) and it is generally accepted that a cord around the neck causes fetal distress and fetal death only in labour when the cord becomes tightened by descent of the fetus in contradistinction to the cord that is entangled around the baby's body which is more characteristically seen in cases of fetal death in utero before labour. The editor has served as a member of the Stillbirth Subcommittee in the State of Victoria since 1969 and in his experience it is very difficult for the committee members to decide in many cases of stillbirth whether the umbilical cord entanglement which has been noted was an acceptable cause of the fetal death in the absence of petechial haemorrhages in the head and neck, evidence that tightness of the cord has caused a groove in the fetal neck or evidence of umbilical vessel thrombosis. There is a great variation in umbilical cord accidents being accepted as a cause of stillbirths in various series. The presence of a perinatal pathologist is essential on a Stillbirth Subcommittee to help adjudicate on these problems. We need more information concerning the incidence and variety of cord entanglement in multiple pregnancy. We agree with the authors that Doppler study may provide further useful information.


ConservationWildlife advocates and scientists are concerned that a proposed sale of elephant tusks may spur even more poaching of the animals in Africa. International trade in ivory is banned by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, but Tanzania and Zambia have asked the convention for a special sale of 101 tons of ivory seized from poachers.


W ereporttheresultfrom a search forcharged-currentcoherentpion production induced by m uon neutrinos with a m ean energy of1.3 G eV .The data are collected with a fully active scintillator detector in the K 2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experim ent. N o evidence for coherent pion production isobserved and an upperlim itof0 : 60 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0) 2 isseton thecrosssection ratio ofcoherent pion production to the totalcharged-current interaction at 90% con(cid:12)dence level. This is the (cid:12)rst experim entallim itforcoherentcharged pion production in the energy region ofa few G eV .


In the course of some studies on kaolins derived from pegmatites, from Nlinas Gerais, Brazrl, striking differences were observed between these kaolins and those commonly described in the foreign literature, as regards the morphology of the particles. A planar and more or less hexagonal form has generally been ascribed to kaolin particles as revealed by the electron microscope. The Brazilian material, however, shows a completely different morphology, the particles often being of tubular form and having varying opacity and length (Fig. 1). Initially these tubes were regarded as halloysite, but the frequency of their occurrence in the Brazilian material, compared with the general rarity of halloysite induced the authors to examine the material by r-rays. Diagrams made with a North American Philips Geiger difiractometer revealed kaolinite and not halloysite (see diagrams and electron


Exposure to various types of farming occupation is associated with a number of respiratory problems which are both immunologic and non-immunologic in orgin. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of various respiratory symptoms and assess pulmonary function among farmers around the city of Chandigarh. An attempt was also made to identify the types of farming that may be associated with these symptoms. A house-to-house survey was carried out in seven villages around Chandigarh with the help of a questionnaire that was used in our earlier surveys. Lung function tests were carried out using a portable spirometer. Out of the 486 farmers included in the study, 106(21.8%) were symptomatic: chronic bronchitis (n=34), cough (n=38), bronchial asthma (n=13), post nasal drip (n=9), chest tightness (n=8) and dyspnea (n=4). The respiratory symptoms were more common among non-smokers (55.6%) than smokers (44.3%). Combined type of farming work was associated most often with respiratory symptoms followed by grain cutting. Pulmonary function parameters had lower values in smokers than in non-smokers and in symptomatic than in asymptomatic sybjects.


The idea of research and development of the wave roll squeezer is mainly introduced in this article. Theoretically,the energy-saving effects and the good crushability are expressed,based on the contrastive analysis of the wave roll squeezer's performances and those of the traditional roll squeezer,the ball mill and the oval roll squeezer,and finally the feasible plan of the wave roll squeezer' s research and development is put forward.


The Galactic centre hosts a crowded, dense nuclear star cluster with a half-light radius of 4 pc. Most of the stars in the Galactic centre are cool late-type stars, but there are also >100 hot early-type stars in the central parsec of the Milky Way. These stars are only 3-8 Myr old. Our knowledge of the number and distribution of early-type stars in the Galactic centre is incomplete. Only a few spectroscopic observations have been made beyond a projected distance of 0.5 pc of the Galactic centre. The distribution and kinematics of early-type stars are essential to understand the formation and growth of the nuclear star cluster. We cover the central >4pc^2 of the Galactic centre using the integral-field spectrograph KMOS. We extracted more than 1,000 spectra from individual stars and identified early-type stars based on their spectra. Our data set contains 114 bright early-type stars: 6 have narrow emission lines, 23 are Wolf-Rayet stars, 9 stars have featureless spectra, and 76 are O/B type stars. Our wide-field spectroscopic data confirm that the distribution of young stars is compact, with 90% of the young stars identified within 0.5 pc of the nucleus. We identify 24 new O/B stars primarily at large radii. We estimate photometric masses of the O/B stars and show that the total mass in the young population is >12,000M_sun. The O/B stars all appear to be bound to the Milky Way nuclear star cluster, while less than 30% belong to the clockwise rotating disk. The central concentration of the early-type stars is a strong argument that they have formed in situ. A large part of the young O/B stars is not on the disk, which either means that the early-type stars did not all form on the same disk or that the disk is dissolving rapidly. [abridged]


This study aimed at constructing character education model implemented in primary school. The research method was qualitative with five samples in total, comprising primary schools in Malang city/regency and one school as a pilot model. The pilot model was instructed by theatre coach teacher, parents, and school society. The result showed that hindrances were found during the implementation of character education in school, such a human resource problem, lack of facility, and less support from family. The implementation of character education in primary school has not yet attracted many parties and its evaluation form has not been developed sustainably. Reconstruction result and the implementation of character education based on empowerment theatre were likely to give new experience to students to develop better self characters. Observation and evaluation of student characters done by parents, teachers, schools, and communities might be used as the basis for policy making related to character education in schools, especially in primary school level.


, Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness disease), dengue and chikungunya, onchocerciasis, rabies, scabies and ectoparasites, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, food-borne trematodiases, yaws, Trachoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses, cysticercosis, soil-transmitted helminths [1]