Exploiting wavefront curvature enables localization with limited infrastructure and hardware complexity. With the introduction of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), new opportunities arise, in particular when the RIS is functioning as a lens receiver. We investigate the localization of a transmitter using a RIS-based lens in close proximity to a single receive antenna element attached to reception radio frequency chain. We perform a Fisher information analysis, evaluate the impact of different lens configurations, and propose a two-stage localization algorithm. Our results indicate that positional beamforming can lead to better performance when a priori location information is available, while random beamforming is preferred when a priori information is lacking. Our simulation results for a moderate size lens operating at 28 GHz showcased that decimeter-level accuracy can be attained within 3 meters to the lens.


: The importance of supplier involvement in New Product Development (NPD) has been emphasized. Suppliers can help makers adopt new technologies and improve the NPD performance in cost, quality, delivery, etc. On the other hand, makers may bene(cid:12)t from an independent relationship with suppliers. These two kinds of view suggest different operational processes for the supplier involvement in NPD. A path model among the supplier partnerships, NPD performance, internal capabilities in R& D, manufacturing, and market was built and examined empirically. The customer partnership was examined as a comparison. A survey was conducted with a questionnaire in 156 manufacturing enterprises. The methods of factor analysis and Structure Equation Modeling were adopted for data analysis. The results showed that, although an intermediary role of internal capabilities including R& D, manufacturing, and marketing, is necessary for the impaction of the supplier partnerships on NPD, it is not necessary for the customer relationships. The results were discussed from the view of endogenous growth view, which suggests that without the support of internal capabilities, it would be difficult to improve NPD performance with the supplier partnerships. Some suggestions were provided on how to improve the endogenous growth capability with the help of the supplier involvement.


We consider the numerical solution of linear fourth-order boundary value problems (BVPs) in one and two dimensions, by methods based on quartic splines and the collocation methodology. The discretization error is sixth order on the gridpoints and midpoints of a uniform partition and fifth order globally in the uniform norm. For the linear systems arising from the discretization of certain biharmonic problems by quartic spline collocation, we develop fast solvers based on Fourier transforms, leading to asymptotically almost optimal solution techniques.


1 Gershon AA, Takahashi M, Seward J. Varicella vaccine. In: Vaccines (Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, eds), 4th edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003; 783–824. 2 Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus. In: Fields Virology (Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE et al., eds), 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001; 2731–67. 3 Swanson AG. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. A unique syndrome in two male siblings. Arch Neurol 1963; 8:299– 306. 4 Dyck PJ. Neuronal atrophy and degeneration predominantly affecting peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons. In: Peripheral Neuropathy (Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Griffin JW et al., eds), 3rd edn. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993; 1065–93. 5 Indo Y. Genetics of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV. Clinical, biological and molecular aspect of mutations in TRKA (NTRK1) gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor. Clin Auton Res 2002; 12 (Suppl. 1):I20–32. 6 Langer J, Goebel HH, Veit S. Eccrine sweat glands are not innervated in hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV. An electron-microscopic study. Acta Neuropathol 1981; 54:199–202. 7 Nolano M, Crisci C, Santoro L et al. Absent innervation of skin and sweat glands in congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2000; 111:1596–601. 8 Rafel E, Alberca R, Bautista J et al. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Muscle Nerve 1980; 3:216–20. 9 Indo Y, Tsuruta M, Hayashida Y et al. Mutations in the TRKA/NGF receptor gene in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Nat Genet 1996; 13:485–8. 10 Izumi H, Karita K. Investigation of mechanisms of the flare and wheal reactions in human skin by band method. Brain Res 1988; 449:328–31.


Herbal medicines are commonly used in the eastern regions of Turkey, especially in the treatment of rheumatic complaints. In addition, the use of various foods and drinks for cosmetic purposes is increasing among Turkish people. Despite this extensive use of alternative treatment methods for medical and cosmetic purposes, comprehensive research is still required due to the severe local and systemic adverse effects of these treatments. Here, cases of phyto contact dermatitis due to "Ranunculus kotchy boiss" and "Urtica" and irritant contact dermatitis associated with butter are presented.


Analysis of variance and t tests were performed on scores on Complexity of Self-concept Inventory for 110 police trainees and 477 university students in nine academic majors. No significant differences were found among any groups, suggesting that both groups utilize approximately the same number of dimensions in describing self. Implications for police personality are discussed.


Through analyzing the rich water(mine) nature characters in Lop nur dry saline region,the authors get the conclusion that water(mine) storing medium,the connectivity between salt orebody and the intercrystal caves are the major factors for water(mine) enrichment;and the stratum(salt stratum) crannies caused by the regional additional structure stress are also the important factors for the difference of water(mine) enrichment ability.


The gamma-quantum spectra produced by the electronic and hadronic components of cosmic rays have similar shapes at the energies from 1 GeV to 1 TeV due to the synchrotron losses of the electrons. So, the only observational possibility to discriminate between leptonic and hadronic contributions is to measure the gamma-quantum spectrum at energies higher than 1 TeV, where these two spectra are expected to be essentially different. According to the theoretical prediction the gammaquantum emitting objects in our Galaxy are the supernova remnants and binary. It is expected that about 20 Supernova Remnants should be visible in the TeV gamma-rays whereas only two were detected up to now by SHALON in northern hemisphere, namely Tycho's SNR and Geminga. The expected π-decay gamma-ray flux from Tycho Brage Fγ ∼ E−1 γ extends up to > 30 TeV, whereas the inverse Compton gamma-ray flux has a cutoff above a few TeV. Hence, the detection of gammarays at energies 10 40 TeV by SHALON provides an evidence of their hadronic origin. Geminga is one of the brightest sources of MeV GeV gamma-ray, but the only known pulsar that is radio-quiet. Geminga has been the object for study at TeV energies with upper limits being reported by three experiments Whipple'93, Tata'93 and Durham'93.The images of gamma-ray emission from Geminga by SHALON telescope are presented. The value Geminga flux obtained by SHALON is lower than the upper limits published before. Its integral gamma-ray flux is found to be (4.8±0.7)×10−12cm−2s−1 at energies of > 0.8 TeV. Within the range 0.8 5 TeV, the integral energy spectrum is well described by the single power law I(> Eγ) ∝ E−0.58±0.11 γ . The energy spectrum of supernova remnant Geminga F (EO > 0.8TeV ) ∝ E is harder than Crab spectrum.


Syriza emerged as the largest party from the Greek parliamentary election held on 20 September. Ioannis Chatziantoniou writes on what the new government should do to attempt to revive the country's economy. He argues that the key priority should be to establish long-term prospects for its workforce instead of simply short-run opportunities of employment.


Since the inception of mankind, we have been exposed to manifestations of psychological and behavioural ailments. The approach towards coping with these ailments has evolved through time with a better understanding of these issues and availability of much superior resources, pertaining to both technical and the intellectual kind. In the 21st century, a lot has been said and done in the field of information technology, revolutionizing our stance on human-technology interaction. This project shall empirically approach the viability of therapy through cutting edge modern technology and the contradictions posed by the same. With the help of accelerated Virtual Reality therapy guided through a real time proactive algorithm, our project seeks to implement exposure as a means of therapy. The exposure principle is carried out rapidly and spontaneously, as the aforesaid algorithm effectively reacts to physiological parameters of the patient. The primary goal of the project is to bridge the gaps of computational technology and psychology and promote a much necessary interaction between the fields, to empower the fundamentals through a comprehensive objective study and morally imaginative approach, thereby expanding the horizons of the aforementioned in the benefit of humanity.


An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of pericardial effusion and sputum PCR positive for Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. Since adenosine deaminase (ADA) value of the pericardial effusion was not high and the sputum smear and culture were negative, anti-tuberculous therapy was not started. Two months later he was admitted again because of high fever and cardiomegaly. Chest computed tomography showed deterioration and the sputum culture revealed M. tuberculosis. The ADA value of the pericardial effusion which was not high at the first admission, was elevated in the second admission, and the diagnosis was made as tuberculous pericarditis two months later. We had better start anti-tuberculous therapy at the first admission, in spite of low value of ADA, as his pericardial effusion showed lymphocyte predominance.


Aim: This study aimed to explain the relationship between personality model and life satisfaction with the mediating role of coping styles and locus of control among Iranian and Armenian students.
Methods: The present study population included all Iranian and Armenian students who were studying in Iranian and Armenian universities in the 2009-2010 academic years. For sampling, 768 Iranian and 768 foreign students were selected using a random sampling method. Data were obtained using the NEO (1985) Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, Carver's Stress Coping (1989), Rutter's Locus of Control (1996), and the Life Satisfaction of Diner et al. (1985). Correlation and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.
 Findings: The results showed that all direct paths in the model except the effect of the agreement on the locus of control were significant. Also, all indirect paths except the path of the effect of the agreement on life satisfaction through the locus of control and the path of the effect of conscientiousness on life satisfaction were significant with the mediating role of the negative emotion-oriented style. Finally, there was a significant relationship between personality traits and locus of control, and coping styles and satisfaction in Iranian and Armenian students (P<0.05) and the assumed model had a good fit.
 Conclusion: As a result, people with an internal locus of control, conscientiousness, flexibility, and a problem-oriented coping style have more life satisfaction.


Abstract This article offers an attempt to create a clinical profile of President Abraham Lincoln's wife, former First Lady of the United States, Mary Todd Lincoln. This is a look at Mrs. Lincoln's health problems by using the Five Element Pattern and System to obtain a clearer look at her ailments and put together a protocol that could have aided her in managing her health troubles. This system of healing is based on the Fiftieth Difficult Issue in the Nan Ching Classic, which pinpoints two particular Elements in an antagonistic relationship. Using this system, with recorded symptoms and signs received from any patient, one can arrive at a dependable diagnosis and treatment protocol.


The turbulent atmospheric boundary layer in which wind turbines are implemented is strongly inhomogeneous and unsteady. This induces unsteady mechanical loads at different characteristic time scales from seconds to minutes which limits significantly their life time. Different control strategies have been proposed in the framework of the French ANR SmartEole project to alleviate the impact of these upstream fluctuations at the farm, wind turbine and blade scales (i.e. characteristic time scales from seconds to minutes). The present work, which is part of this ANR project, focuses on the flow control strategies at the blade scale, to manipulate lift and thus alleviate fatigue loads. The design of a NACA654-421 airfoil profile has been modified to be able to implement jet control. Slotted jet and discrete jet configurations were implemented numerically and experimentally respectively. Results show the ability of both configurations to increase the lift by up to 30% using a significant redistribution of the mean shear. Efficiency seems to be more important using slotted jets, which however needs to be confirmed from 3D simulations.


In antieipation of the Tenth Inter-American Conference, scheduled to meet at Caracas in 1954, the Government of Venezuela offered a prize for the best work on the subject: "From the Congress of Panama to the Conference of Caracas." The two volumes by Se-nor Yepes were awarded first prize and the two volumes by Se-nor Cuevas Cancino second prize. Inasmuch as both contributions cover precisely the same field, it is to be expected that there will be many similarities in the treatment of it. Both authors survey the background of the Congress of Panama, going back as far as the councils of ancient Greece, the history of which appears to have inspired Bolivar to hope that "after a hundred centuries" posterity would give to the agreements reached at Panama an importance which would make the Isthmnus of Corinth lose its historical primacy. Both discuss the immediate antecedents of the Congress, its actual accomplishments, the work of the successive Latin American conferences of the nineteenth century, the successive conferences of the Union of American Republics, the reorganization of the inter-American system at Bogota in 1948, and the Bolivarian tradition represented at the Conference of Caracas in 1954. Senior Yepes lays perhaps more stress upon the development of "American international law," upon which he has already written extensively; whereas Senior Cuevas Cancino is more concerned with the political developments, the policy of the "Good Neighbor" and the successive steps toward collective security, which led ultimately to the attainment of Bolivar's ideal. But each supplements the other; and the reviewer, spared the necessity of distinguishing between the merits of their respective contributions, would congratulate the Government of Venezuela upon the creation of the award which produced such valuable interpretations of interAmerican history. C. G. FENWICK


We propose a novel automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit suitable for 64QAM point-to-multipoint (P-MP) burst communications. The proposed AFC circuit calculates the phase rotation during a sufficiently long time and adopts the variable-gain least mean squares (VLMS) algorithm to estimate the carrier frequency offset. The proposed AFC circuit is implemented with approximately 50 kgates. Its complexity level is much lower than that of the conventional one. Computer simulation and experimental results confirm achieving the frequency error of 5.3/spl times/10/sup -6/, and that it is sufficient for developing a 64QAM-40-Mbaud system.


Typical transportation planning processes do not easily accommodate transportation system improvements that have a systems-operations focus. This deficiency often occurs when Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) improvements are proposed for deployment across an urban freeway network. However, state and local agencies still need to answer the basic questions of costs and benefits before any ITS project can be implemented. Improved ITS deployment and performance evaluation methodologies can greatly assist ITS managers in deploying more cost effective systems. These methodologies can guide the growth of ITS in an organized manner by providing transportation decision makers with the goals, objectives, benefits, costs, equipment deployment guidelines, and operations and maintenance strategies to evaluate the need for a given ITS project. This is critical for any successful state or local ITS program. This paper presents a planning strategy for setting different levels of ITS alternative deployments at the scoping stage and evaluating these alternatives to determine the most effective ITS deployment strategy. For the purpose of evaluating the ITS alternatives for selected roadways in a given network, ITS alternatives were reviewed on a link by link basis. Each link was evaluated to determine the quantitative benefits associated with different levels of ITS deployment. The results of the benefit analysis were grouped on a corridor by corridor basis for comparison with the costs of the alternatives presented. The benefits and costs were used to determine the ideal mix of ITS alternatives for the roadway network. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to other Regions in the state of New York and other transportation agencies in the United States.


A novel kind of photodegradable polyvinyl chloride-oxalic acid-TiO2(PVC-OA-TiO2) nanocomposite film was prepared by blending the nano-TiO2 particles into the commercial PVC.Oxalic acid,as a good election donor,can suppress the recombination of electrons and holes on the TiO2 surface,so it enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of nano-TiO2.The weight loss of PVC-OA-TiO2 composite film reached 55% after 310 h UV-light irradiation,which was twice of PVC-TiO2 film or 3.5 times of pure PVC film.The results indicate that PVC-OA-TiO2 composite film has better photocatalytic degradation efficiency than PVC-TiO2 composite film and pure PVC film.


The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of crop canopy is highly related to yield formation, but how it relates to yield and yield distribution is not well understood. The focus of this study was to explore the relationship between light competition under different densities and yield distributions of cotton. The experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang city, Henan Province, China. A randomized block design was employed, with a total of three repeats. Each repeat had six density treatments: D1: 15,000; D2: 33,000; D3: 51,000; D4: 69,000; D5: 87,000; and D6: 105,000 plants·ha−1. As predicted, the results showed that the canopy light interception, leaf area index, plant height, and biomass of high-density cotton were higher than those of low-density cotton. The aboveground biomass produced by D6 was the highest, and was 12.9, 19.5, 25.4, 46.3, and 69.2% higher in 2019 and 14.3, 19.9, 32.5, 53.7, and 109.9% higher in 2020 than D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. Leaf area, plant height, biomass, boll number, and boll weight were significantly correlated with the light interception rate. D5 (87,000 plants·ha−1) had a higher light interception rate and the highest yield. The highest lint yields produced by D5 were 1673.5 and 1375.4 kg·ha−1 in two years, and was 3.2, 4.3, 5.6, 9.7, and 24.7% higher in 2019, and 6.8, 10.6, 13.5, 21.5, and 34.4% higher in 2020 than D6, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. The boll retention of the lower fruit branch under D5 reached 0.51 and 0.57 in two years, respectively. The shedding rate of the upper fruit branch decreased with the increase in cotton density in two years. The boll retention rate and shedding rate in the lower part of cotton plants were most closely related to light interception, with R2 values of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Our study shows cotton yield could be improved through higher light interception by optimizing planting density and canopy structure.


Tests in the field and full-scale experience with arctic structures show that the crushing of ice is accompanied by large fluctuations in load. Field experiments show that, in addition to variations of load in time, significant spatial variations across the contact surface also occur. The deformation is observed to take place in a thin layer of damaged ice, which appears near the structure or indenter surface. It is important to model the deformation and strength of ice in this zone. Various aspects of modelling are discussed in the paper, in particular, measures of damage and the relation to the deformation of ice. The relevance of various components of deformation (elastic, viscous, delayed elastic) is outlined, and two mathematical formulations for the deformation are discussed. The behaviour was investigated by a series of tests at constant strain rate as well as tests in which the strain response to stress of damaged and undamaged ice was measured. The creep rate in damaged ice is shown to be signifi...


Context: The World Health Organization reported that more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired daily, with an estimated 357 million new infections caused by either chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis or trichomoniasis. Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ethanol extracts of ten ethnobotanical selected plant species used to treat STD's and related symptoms. Methods: The determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of plant extracts was done using the broth micro-dilution assay against five microorganisms. The free radical scavenging activity was determined by using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyly-1-picrylhydrazyl). Cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was done on Vero African monkey cells lines with 2, 3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reagents. Results: Our results suggest that extracts of Acacia karroo and Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia are potential candidates with a good antimicrobial, antioxidant and low cytotoxicity activities. This results may support the anecdotal claims for the use of the selected plant species to treat venereal diseases.


We measured the first time the number of prescriptions in Finland by using a centralized national shared repository of e-prescriptions and their dispensing data. This was made possible by introducing two policy interventions that were effective since 1 January 2017: mandatory e-prescribing and extension of a prescription's valid period from 12 months to two years. The trend in recording e-prescriptions started decreasing since the 'big bang', but pharmacy dispensations were not affected, as followed up to September 2019. It is possible to monitor the effects of health policy interventions by utilizing national e-health data systems, especially at the occurrence of a natural experiment.


The point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) is important for human to integrate multi-modal information, which would be the base for successful interaction with the environment including other people. The present study focused on how does voluntary movement affect the PSS of auditory and tactile stimuli by using temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. We found that compared to no-movement, voluntary movement shifted the PSS to auditory-lead stimulus between auditory and tactile stimuli, which meant that simultaneity wss perceived if auditory stimulus came earlier than tactile stimulus. Index Terms Subjective simultaneity. Voluntary movement. Auditory-tactile stimulus. Temporal order judgment.


The reason why the voltage of ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer raises is analyzed and the countermeasures are provided,that is,keeping the electrolyzer temperature in the range of 85~90 ℃,ensuring the electrolyzer voltage steady,reducing the shut-down frequency,improving the salt solution quality,reducing the equipment corrosion and upgrading the inspection and repairing quality.


Background: Cardiac structural adaptation develops early in hypertension and diabetes and is aggravated if both conditions coexist. Blockade of the angiotensin receptors may attenuate these cardiac processes and we tested the ability of olmesartan to prevent or delay left ventricular (LV) remodeling and hypertrophy in various subgroups of type-2 diabetes.

Methods: In the ROADMAP study, a double blind, placebo controlled, multicenter, phase IIIb study on prevention of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients, comparing olmesartan 40mg vs. placebo (additional anti-hypertensive medication allowed, except ACEI & ARBs), also 12-lead ECGs have been conducted at baseline and in yearly intervals over the mean study duration of 3.2 years. All ECGs were centrally and independently evaluated by two investigators in a blinded fashion.

Results: In 1.513 patients interpretable ECGs were available at baseline and at last examination (N=736 in the placebo and N=777 in the olmesartan group). 90% of the patients were hypertensive at baseline. Dividing the study population into 4 quartiles defined by the Cornell voltage QRS duration product at baseline, the prevalence of patients in the highest quartile (ie. ≥ 200 mV*msec) increased from 25% to 26.5% in the placebo but decreased from 25% to 22.3% in the olmesartan group (odds ratio 0.598 [95% CI: 0.440-0.813], p=0.001) demonstrating a reduced prevalence by 40% with olmesartan. When adjusted for potential confounders (incl. blood pressure), the odds ratio did not change.

Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of the Cornell voltage QRS duration product was significantly reduced in diabetic patients with BP 7,0% (RR 46.1%, p=0.0023) and with a duration of diabetes > 5 years (RR 37.7%, p=0.0039). There was a numerical trend with HbA1c < 7.0% (RR 31.0%, p=0.1378), or duration < 5 years (RR 60.8%, p=0.1022). A significant reduction was also seen in patients with or without cardiovascular (CV) complications (RR 82.4% and 34.5%, p=0.010 and 0.0044, respectively) or with or without coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR 34.5% and 35.1%, p=0.0177 and 0.01, respectively) at baseline.

Conclusion: Olmesartan significantly decreased the process of ECG left ventricular remodeling. This was even more pronounced in type 2 diabetic patients with a longer duration of or less controlled diabetes and irrespective of blood pressure or concomitant CV disease.


The gonadal index cycle of the echinoid Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is described from observations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada. An annual cycle, with spring spawning, is evident, but the exact timing of spawning and of gonadal growth varies. Consideration is given to controlling factors, using information from the present and previous studies. A number of gonadal events begin abruptly, which suggests they are controlled externally. An increase in energy channeled into gonadal growth in midsummer may be stimulated by an environmental cue. However, advanced gonadal growth will occur when excess food is available, and none will occur if food is not available. Spawning is not closely correlated with temperature, but records from the North Pacific, Arctic, and North Atlantic Oceans show that spawning is synchronized with the spring phytoplankton increase. An experimental study has confirmed that phytoplankton is the spawning cue. Concurrent observations of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus s...


Background: To assess the outcomes of ivermectin in ambulatory and hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: Five databases and websites for preprints were searched until January 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective cohorts assessing ivermectin versus control in ambulatorys or hospitalized participants. The primary outcome was overall mortality. Secondary outcome was the recovered patients. For meta-analysis, random-effects and inverse variance meta-analyses with logarithmic transformation were performed. ROBINS-I for cohort studies, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for trials were used. The strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results. After the selection, twelve studies (five retrospective cohort studies, six randomized clinical trials and one case series), were included. In total, 7412 participants were reported, the mean age was 47.5 (SD 9.5) years, and 4283 (58%) were male. Ivermectin is not associated with reduced mortality (logRR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.70, p = 0.04, I2= 84.7%), and it was not associated with reduced patient recovery (logRR 5.52 , 95% CI -24.36 to 35.4, p = 0.51, I2 = 92.6%). All studies had a high risk of bias, and showed a very low certainty of the evidence. Conclusions: There insufficient certainty and quality of evidence to recommend the use of ivermectin to prevent or treat ambulatory or hospitalized patients with COVID-19.


Previous work has presented the friction cone algorithm, a generalised method to resolve forces on a simulated haptic object when two or more fingers are in contact. Two extensions to the friction cone algorithm are presented: force shading and bump mapping. Force shading removes the discontinuities that are present when transitioning from one face to the next, whilst bump mapping provides a mechanism for rendering haptic textures on polygonal surfaces. Both these extensions can be combined whilst still maintaining the friction cone algorithm's intrinsic ability to simulate arbitrarily complex friction models.


High resolution neutron total cross-section measurements on /sup 54/Fe and /sup 56/Fe have been made using the ORELA facility and resonance parameters are reported up to an energy of 500 keV. The total cross-section data were analyzed by R-matrix multi-level code for broad, interfering s-wave resonances. For narrow and non-interfering s-wave resonances and l greater than 0-wave resonances transmission data were analyzed using Harvey-Atta code of area analysis. From these values of resonance parameters, the values of level density (D) and strength function for s- and p-wave neutron scattering have been determined. Statistical distributions of spacing and reduced neutron widths are presented. A large number of p-wave resonances are observed which have not been reported before. 4 figures, 3 tables (auth)


Aluminosilicate glass films having compositions approximately that of mullite produced by reactive sputtering of aluminum-silicon alloys are discussed. Data are given on the speed of deposition under certain conditions for a variety of metal and ceramic substrates. Mullite crystals with the needle habit are formed from the initial amorphous film by subsequent heat treatment of about 1 hour at temperatures of 1100° to 1400°C. The number and size of the crystals are affected by firing conditions, composition, and thickness of the film and by nucleating agents such as carbon on the surface of the film as indicated by transmission electron micrographs of unsupported films. The reaction of the oxide films with some supporting ceramic substrates has also been studied.


Cord clamping and cutting is a common pro-cedure but little agreement exists among doctors about the optimal timing. Cord clamping takes place in the third stage of labour, which is defined as the period from expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Early clamping in term babies is sometime between 10 seconds and one minute after birth, whereas delayed clamping is between two minutes after birth and cessation of cord pulsations. In the linked randomised trial, Andersson and colleagues compare the effects of early versus delayed cord clamping on infant iron status at 4 months of age in a European setting. 1 the third of systematic review active management involving the use of oxytocics, early cord clamping, and controlled cord traction was superior to expectant management in terms of maternal blood loss. 2 For this reason, early clamping was accepted into obstetric practice without much consideration. The linked meta-analysis of randomised trials by van den Hoek and colleagues assesses whether the potential of statins to lower the risk of infections noted in observational studies is causal. 1 Data were pooled from 11 eligible clinical trials of statins relative to placebo, all of which had at least 100 patients who were treated for at least a year. The trials studied 30 947 patients, of whom 4655 reported an infection—2368 in the statin group and 2287 in the placebo group. This new analysis—the strongest to date on this subject— showed no benefit of statins on the occurrence of infection (relative risk 1.0) or death as a result of infection. findings might seem They are in stark to the favourable associa-tions—greater than 60% reductions for some infection outcomes—reported pooled analy-ses of mainly observational studies, 2 which were also by mechanisms by which statins could theoretically reduce infection. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigarette shaped products that vaporise nicotine in ways that enable it to be inhaled, have become increas-ingly popular in the past few years. 1-3 E-cigarettes are a potentially more attractive substitute for smoking than low toxin smokeless tobacco because the nicotine is delivered by puffing, as when smoking a cigarette. A range of products are now on the market, with new improved ones promised, and—something almost unheard of in tobacco use—self organising groups of users (who call themselves "vapers" because they inhale vapour, not smoke)—who are advocat-ing for these products and sharing their experiences. 1 3 Opposition has come from some health groups, either for pragmatic reasons or because they are opposed to any recreational use of nicotine. on to the or


Objective] To study the factors influencing the bone mineral density of old people and the measures to prevent and treat the osteoporosis.[Methods] The hair zinc, copper, iron, calcium was measured and the bone mineral density were studied in 473 old people.[Results] The results show that the BMC and BMD of female was lower than that of male, and go with age increase the BMC and BMD was decreasins. The hair zinc, hair, copper, hair calcium and hair zinc/copper specific value was significantly lower in female than in male, the hair iron was no significantly difference between famale and male. [Conclusion] It was suggest that the hair zinc, copper, calcium may be the factors influencing the bone mineral density of old people. It was need to study furthermore.


The research on the variation law of the effective settling velocity of suspended sediment suggests that the vertical distribution of the suspended sediment in the whole water area approximately matches exponential distribution.Using Rouse formula to compute the variation in the effective settling velocity of suspended sediment,the research results show that:(1) the effective settling velocity of suspended sediment has a tendency of reduction in both flood and dry seasons from Xiaoshan to south and north port reach,and the rising tide one is smaller than the falling tide one;(2) in both spring tide and neap tide of the rising tide,the effective setting velocity of suspended sediment is close whether in flood or dry season but the spring one is greater than the neap one;(3) the area of the biggest effective setting velocity of suspended sediment is existing in the south and north passages.The calculated results suggest that the variation range of the effective setting velocity of suspended sediment is 1.60~7.94 mm/s in flood season and 2.40~6.38 mm/s in dry season in Xiaoshan-Yangtze estuary.


Selar crumenopthalmus , Family Carangidae, is a pelagic fish and an important source of protein in Southeast Asia. To provide information on the population biology of S.crumenopthalmus in Davao region, age-length relationship was established using otolith microstructure. Otolith dimensions and somatic measurements of 100 individuals were quantitatively examined, 32 sagittal otoliths from these were aged. Simple linear regression was used for analysis of the relationship between otolith dimensions and somatic measurements. Fish age was determined using ratio and proportion of the width of otolith ring and radius of the sulcus and was estimated using Ken-A-vision 4 software.Age-length relationship was established using Von Bertalanffy growth function (VGBF) ran in PAST software and generated an equation of Lt = 22.02 (1-15.31e-0.01696t) with 95% confidence interval. From the VGBF equation, fish length with size class 12 to 22 cm,has age estimate between 200 to 600 days. Results also indicated that S.crumenopthalmustotal length of 21 cm is around one year old. The study further gives information that local population of S.crumenopthalmus in Davao region when compared elsewhere is showing degree of overexploitation.


Internet of Things (IOT) technology has brought revolution to each and every field of common man's life by making everything smart and intelligent. IoT refers to a network of things which make a self-configuring network. The development of Intelligent smart farming IOT based devices is day by day turning the face of agriculture production. The Objective of this project is to propose a smart farming stick assisting farmers in getting live data [PH value, Water, Light, Temperature, Nutrition] for efficient environment monitoring which will enable them to do smart farming and increases their overall yield and quality of products. The agriculture stick being proposed via this project is integrated with pH Sensor, PIC16F877 Microcontroller Board, PIC16F877A Microcontroller and live data can be obtained from 162A LCD display.


Method The application of a digital tourniquet prior to minor surgery of fingers and toes under local anaesthetic ring block (I) is commonplace in the Forces. Despite adequate tension preventing arterial inflow to a digit venous oozing can still occur because of residual blood within the part. Elevating the limb, wrapping the tOurniquet spirally around the finger or toe from tip to base or simply squeezing the appendage by hand before application of the sling helps to reduce this problem but does not always render the operative site completely blood free. Single digits can however be easily exsanguinated using readily available equipment as outlined in Fig I. The method is suitable in hospitals and medical centres alike.


In the age of television and DVDs, several large-scale studies found associations between screen time and child attention and behavior problems (NEJM


During the product development processes, components and subsystems go through test-fix-test cycles until the final configurations surpass the design life to exceed the reliability goals. When failure modes are uncovered before reaching the design life, design configurations are improved to eliminate failures. Early failures can be mixed with several failure modes commonly lead to lower shape parameters. Systems that are mature that survive close to design life may have higher and steeper slope parameters. During the component-subsystem development process and design maturity, shape parameter changes associated with reliability growth are illustrated with examples. As designs reach or surpass design life with design maturity, failure modes can be single out to unique shape parameters. Separating different shapes and patterns of Weibull curves help identifying different failure modes thereby leading to failure mode-wise reliability analysis. Such analysis help prioritizing the fixing process of each failure mode based on returns on investment.On the other hand, if a product was launched before it reaches the design life and meets reliability goals, field failures become inevitable. Such field failures can also be modeled with Weibull Analysis. Parts that fail short of the design life are commonly called under-developed designs. Such designs can be mixed with multiple failure modes. Different shapes and shift of curves can be strategically isolated for separating design weaknesses and investigations before catastrophic failures erase evidence of root causes. For example, shape parameters and patterns of underdeveloped parts can be helpful in isolating manufacturing issues from design issues. This paper addresses how to perform data analysis in order to strategically enhance the further use of Weibull plots, its shapes and pattern recognition for speedier product development and customer satisfaction.


This article mainly introduce the methods to improve softness of tissue paper which include the preparation of stock,wet control,cockling control,softness addictive and so on in the whole progress of production.


We used this problem in a contest for our students. While reviewing the solutions submitted, we discovered some oddities about this question and its corresponding Diophantine equation. All integer solutions to the equation, and those of an incorrect formulation of the equation, consist of Fibonacci numbers. Furthermore, there is an interesting duality between the solutions to the correct and incorrect formulations.


Integrated Care in one of the six specific priority actions of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Health Ageing planned for the period 2012-15. The B3 action group on integrated care was established in response to this priority action to assist regions and delivery organisations in addressing the key challenges they have identified in implementing integrated care. At present, the group encompasses more than 150 institutions ranging from health and social care providers to industry, academia and those representing patient and carers. The B3 action group has been developing its activities around nine action areas: organisational models, change management, workforce development, risk stratification, care pathways, patient empowerment, ICT / Teleservices, Finance / Funding and Communication / Dissemination. Each action area has adopted a particular approach, depending on the specifics of its topic. However, across all action areas, there has been a common emphasis on the identification of good practices and the distillation of those characteristics that grade the maturity of a given organisation in the path towards achieving integrated care. As a prior step towards the development of a set of toolkits that will support adopters in their path towards integrated care, several action areas in the B3 group have been working on an instrument for ranking the level of maturity of any given integrated care practice. This instrument, with specific characteristics for some of the action areas, has been named maturity matrix. The session is intended to be a lively discussion with the integrated care community, around the process followed to obtain these maturity matrixes and their applicability in diverse scenarios. The goal is to refine the tool on the basis of the comments gathered during the session so that it could International Journal of Integrated Care – Volume 15, 27 May – URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-117020 – http://www.ijic.org/ 15th International Conference on Integrated Care, Edinburgh, UK, March 25-27, 2015 2 be more effectively incorporate to the final set of toolkits that will constitute one of the main final deliverables of the B3 group.


We would agree with both writers that there were certain features of the child described in our report that were not typical of the so-called fetal hydantoin syndrome, particularly the birth weight. It is certainly true that single case reports do nothing more than suggest possible associations between malformations and in utero exposure, but much information has been accumulated associating clefts and congenital heart malformations with phenytoin.
 The baby described had a normal male karyotype. Attempts were made to do karyotyping on tissue obtained at autopsy but were unsuccessful.


An aspect ratio conversion method of an SMIL(Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) message and a system thereof are provided to convert the SMIL message into a message of an entity expressional type so that a receiving terminal can receive the SMIL message without distortion, thereby increasing a user's convenience. An SMIL message including an SMIL message framework ID is received from a sending terminal(1010). The framework ID is read from the message to distinguish a framework applied to the message(1020). It is decided whether a receiving terminal for receiving the message has a different aspect ratio from the sending terminal(1030,1040). If so, an image or text within the framework is converted into a horizontal or vertical type(1050). The converted SMIL message is transmitted to the receiving terminal(1060).


| 357 The 67 Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science S6-2 Outline of first mouse space experiment in "Kibo" ○ Satoru Takahashi Transborder Medical Research Center/Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba We did first Japanese mouse space experiment in Japanese Experimental Modul "Kibo" of ISS in collaboration with JAXA, Osaka University, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Gifu University and AIST. "Kibo" has a biological experiment device with a centrifugal function that only Japan has in the world and has achieved long-term mouse breeding for 35 days using this device. This long-term breeding is based on the simultaneous breeding of artificial 1G gravity environment (AG) and microgravity environment (μG) in orbit and is the world's first space experiment that can purely compare the effects of gravity on mice. Twelve male mice were launched from Florida, USA on July 19, 2016 (Japan Time), and returned to California, USA on August 27 with all mice healthy. Then the next generation (F1) mice were generated from sperms, each of which was reared in an environment of space AG and μG. In addition to the birth of the F1 mice, the primary evaluation of body changes in the mice staying in space has been completed. Signs similar to poor physical function (sarcopenia) observed in the elderly people, such as increased adipose tissue, significantly reduced leg muscle mass, and markedly reduced bone mass, have been observed in μG mice. Immediately after returning to the ground, μG mice showed vestibular dysfunction (space motion sickness). In this talk, I will explain the outline of this experiment and the analysis results.


In today's world, complex systems are conceptually observed in the form of
network structure. Communities inherently existing in the networks have a recognizable elucidation
in understanding the organization of networks. Community discovery in networks has grabbed the
attention of researchers from multi-discipline. Community detection problem has been modeled as
an optimization problem. In broad-spectrum, existing community detection algorithms have adopted
modularity as the optimizing function. However, the modularity is not able to identify communities
of smaller size as compared to the size of the network.

This paper addresses the problem of the resolution limit posed by modularity. Modular
density measure succeeds in countering the resolution limit problem. Finding network communities
with maximum modular density is an NP-hard problem In this work, the discrete bat algorithm with
modular density as the optimization function is recommended.

Experiments are conducted on three real-world datasets. For determining the consistency,
ten independent runs of the proposed algorithm has been carried out. The experimental results show
that our proposed algorithm produces high-quality community structure along with small size
communities.

 The results are compared with traditional and evolutionary community detection
algorithms. The final outcome shows the superiority of discrete bat algorithm with modular density
as the optimization function with respect to number of communities, maximum modularity, and
average modularity.


Objective The present studies examine how task factors (e.g., email load, phishing prevalence) influence email performance. Background Phishing emails are a paramount cybersecurity threat for the modern email user. Research attempting to understand how users are susceptible to phishing attacks has been limited and has not fully explored how task factors (e.g., prevalence, email load) influence accurate detection. Method In three experiments, participants classified emails as either legitimate or not legitimate and reported on a variety of other categorizations. The first two experiments examined how email load and phishing prevalence influence phishing detection independently. The third experiment examined the interaction of these two factors to determine whether they have compounding effects. All three experiments utilized individual difference variables to examine how cognitive, behavioral, and personality factors may influence classifications. Results Experiment 1 suggests that high email load can make the task appear more challenging. Experiment 2 indicates that low phishing prevalence can decrease sensitivity for phishing emails. Experiment 3 demonstrates that high levels of email load can decrease classification accuracy under 50/50 prevalence rates. Notably, performance was poor across all experiments, with phishing detection near chance levels and low discriminability for emails. Participants demonstrated poor metacognition with over confidence, low self-reported difficulty, and low perceived threat for the emails. Conclusion Overall, the present studies suggest that high email load and low phishing prevalence can influence email classifications. Application Organizations and researchers should consider the influences of both email load and phishing prevalence when implementing phishing interventions.


International restaurant franchise price data are used to examine purchasing power parity and the behavior of the Mexican peso. Sample data are from El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. A battery of statistical tests indicate that the price ratio and the exchange rate are statistically different from each other, but correlated.


The NoPig system is an above ground metal-loss detection tool utilizing magnetics. Sensors at ground level detect disturbances in the magnetic field around the pipeline generated by impressed alternating current (AC) signals. This tool is intended for use on segments of pipeline which are considered unpiggable. Previous field trials indicated the tool was capable of detecting metal-loss in small diameter seamless pipe. Trials on electric resistance weld (ERW) or double submerged arc weld (DSAW) pipe were inconclusive. Modifications have been made to the NoPig hardware and analysis software to correct for the non-uniform magnetic fields produced by seamed pipe and girth welds. The study reported in this paper is a field trial of the modified inspection system. Recently inline inspected pipelines of nominal pipe size (NPS) 12 and 16 were selected for survey. Pipeline segments where significant metal-loss was detected from Inline Inspection (ILI) were selected for the blind test. Eight hundred meter sections of pipeline were surveyed at each of these locations to ensure a range of pipe conditions were included. After all surveys were complete, significant features were excavated and actual measurements were obtained. This paper describes the field inspection program as well as the analysis process used to verify the detection capabilities of the modified NoPig system. The results will include discussion of the positional accuracy, detection capability and threshold of the system. This analysis will help determine if the NoPig system is suitable alternative for assessing the integrity of unpiggable pipeline segments.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The proportion of food advertisements (particularly advertisements of foods with high level of fat, sugar and/or salt) is high. The advertised "unhealthy"
foods are most popular in segment of children. We can state that these advertisements influence the children's eating habits and their food
consumption and contribute the rising cost of childhood obesity. There are several initiations to protect children. According to health-care workers'
opinion in Hungary is the childhood obesity is dangerous and e.g. fat tax can contribute to reduction of unhealthy foods' consumption. The opinion
of experts is clear; redefinition of advertising regulation is needed in case of foods with high level of fat, sugar and/or salt.


This study sought to discover the espoused philosophies and theories and theories-in-use of 13 adult educators who received graduate education in adult learning theory and who have been practicing professionally in the field for at least two years. Data were obtained by using a mixed methodology of one traditional instrument; Zinn's (1983) Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory (PAEI) to define the personal educational philosophy of the participants including liberal, progressive, behaviorist, humanist, and radical; and a qualitative collective case study that incorporated direct observation, interviewing, and document collection from an adaptation of Hunt's (1987) workshop on identifying theory-in-use. Four of the 13 participants were observed teaching in their natural environments, all 13 took the PAEI and were interviewed about the instrument, their graduate education, and professional experience in the field. Document collection was obtained from 10 of the participants' written exercises from the workshop. Four areas in theory to practice issues were explored: 1.) the content of personal espoused philosophy and theory, 2.) the content of theory-in-use, 3.) congruency between espoused philosophy and theory and theory-in-use, and 4.) patterns and relationships between espoused philosophies and theories learned in graduate school and practice. Interpretive findings of the study were co-created between the 13 ii participants and the researcher. The findings reveal that the dominant espoused philosophy and theory and theory-in-use of the participants is progressive. Along with one of the tenets of this philosophy, these educators feel strongly that they need to adapt their teaching styles in the classroom due to the fact that individuals process information differently and have different learning needs. In addition to learners' needs, external mandates like time restrictions, budget constraints, and administrative policies seem to impact which teaching philosophies and theories these educators use in practice. There is a favorable response by most of the participants when they talk about similarities between the philosophies and theories they learn in graduate school and practice. However, an incongruency does seem to occur in the practical application of theories and philosophies studied in their graduate program. The participants and the researcher recommend that this graduate program design and implement a reflective practicum, allowing the students to explore how philosophies and theories work in "real life" practice and allowing practitioners to share philosophies and theories gained from experience.


FIELD: organic chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new compounds - pluraflavines of the formula (I): wherein R 1 represents sugar group of the formula: ; R 2 represents -COOH or -CH 2 -O-(R 7 ) m wherein R 7 represents sugar group of the formula: ; R 3 is taken among the groups: and , and to all its stereochemical forms and mixtures of indicated forms in any ratio, and to their physiologically acceptable salts; R 5 means hydrogen atom; R 4 and R 6 represent in common group -X 2 with a double bond wherein X 2 means oxygen atom (O); R 8 and R 10 represent in common group -X 2 with a double bond wherein X 2 means oxygen atom (O), and m = n = 1, and to all its stereochemical forms and mixtures of indicated forms in any ratio and to its physiologically acceptable salts. Invention relates to a method for preparing these compounds from culture of microorganism actinomycetes HAG 003959, DSM 12931 by fermentation, to the strain Actinomycetales HAG 003959, DSM 12931 used for preparing compounds of the formula (I) and to pharmaceutical composition inhibiting transcriptase activity and eliciting cytotoxic effect based on above said compounds. Compounds of the formula (I) are used as medicinal agents, for example, as antitumor agents. EFFECT: improved method for preparing, valuable medicinal properties of compounds and composition. 19 cl, 3 tbl, 12 ex


In the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C18H16N3O3)], the propene plane is tilted from its parent cyclopentadienyl ring by a small dihedral angle [17.9 (5)°], whereas the triazole and dimethoxyphenyl groups are nearly perpendicular to the propene plane [dihedral angles 75.9 (2) and 67.9 (2)°, respectively]. The cyclopentadienyl rings exhibit an almost eclipsed geometry.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the bioequivalence of a ramipril 5 mg tablet formulation (ramipril test formulation from Laboratórios Biosintética Ltda (Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Triatec from Aventis Pharma (Sueano, Brazil) standard reference formulation) in 26 healthy volunteers of both sexes.

METHODS
The study was conducted using an open, randomized, 2-period crossover design with a 2-week washout interval. Plasma samples were obtained over a 36-hour period. Plasma ramipril and ramiprilat concentrations were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with positive ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). From the ramipril and ramiprilat plasma concentration vs. time curves, the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUClast, AUCinf and Cmax.

RESULTS
The limit of quantification was 0.2 ng x ml(-1) and 1.0 ng x ml(-1) for ramipril and ramiprilat, respectively. The geometric means and 90% confidence intervals (CI) for Ramipril/Triatec and Ramiprilat/Triatec percent ratios were: 104.69% (90% CI = 93.21-117.59%) for Cmax, 102.49% (90% CI = 92.76-113.24%) for AUClast, 103.60% (90% CI = 93.56 114.73%) for AUCinf, 108.48% (90% CI = 98.86-119.03%) for Cmax, 105.88% (90% CI = 101.55-110.39%) for AUClast, 97.30% (90% CI = 90.17-104.99%) for AUCinf, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Since the 90% CI for AUClast, AUCinf and Cmax ratios were within the 80-125% interval proposed by the U.S. FDA, it was concluded that the ramipril formulation produced by Laboratórios Biosintética Ltda is bioequivalent to the Triatec formulation in both rate and extent of absorption.


Thin films of biocompatible materials such as hydroxylapatite (HA) - Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2 were deposited by laser ablation technique. The films of HA were created on Ti substrates by KrF laser. The layers were deposited in vacuum, in pure H2O vapors (pressure 2 X 10-3 mbar - 2 X 10-1 mbar), and in Ar/H2O vapor mixture. Influence of laser energy density ET (3 Jcm-2, 13 Jcm-2) and substrate temperature Tg (500 degree(s)C - 760 degree(s)C) on the film parameters was studied. Two different technological processes were used for HA target preparation. Films and targets were characterized by Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS), particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by Knoop microhardness and scratch test. The best crystalline HA films were reached in the mixture of Ar/H2O. Higher Tg had to be used for such deposition. Higher Tg was also preferable from the point of film microhardness. Adhesion of films to the substrates in the range of tens of Newtons was measured. The preliminary results of in vitro experiments of films biotolerance and resorbability are also presented.


This paper deals with how science teachers in the Swedish secondary school choose the content in the education they give to the pupils. What are the reasons for their choices and what do they think ...


the wrist level. Complete rupture of EPL at Lister's tubercle was confirmed at surgery. There was also a 20% rupture of the extensor carpi radialis brevis at the same level and mild synovitis. Synovectomy and primary repair of the EPL with rerouting subcutaneously and radial to the Lister's tubercle were performed. The synovium was reported histologically as reactive synovitis. Acute bacterial and tuberculosis cultures were negative. The repair was protected in a static splint for 4 weeks, then mobilised. Eight weeks after operation, he regained a full active range of motion and normal pinch grip, which was maintained at 1-year follow-up. While spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus has been reported in association with certain sporting activities, such as skier, kick boxer, judo player, interscholastic driver, diver and tennis player (Fujita et al., 2005), we believe this is the first reported case of rupture of this tendon associated with playing video games. Lloyd et al. (1998) suggested that the pathophysiology of these ruptures is that specific sporting activities often demand unusual postures causing high tension to be applied to the extensor tendons, which are not designed for such biomechanical stress. As a result, the tendon becomes diseased and degenerates. Alternatively, extensor pollicis longus tendon is commonly regarded as vulnerable to attrition rupture because of its course around Lister's tubercle in a narrow compartment with less than ideal vascularity. The tendon can be reconstituted by extensor indicis propius tendon transfer (Ozalp et al., 2007), palmaris longus tendon grafting (Schaller et al., 2007) or direct repair, if the disruption is relatively recent with healthy tendon ends (Supple et al., 1992). Subcutaneous rerouting radial to Lister's tubercle gains some length for repair and may avoid the problems of passing around the tubercle.


Objective: To explore the effect of the application of We Chat on the improvement of nursing undergraduates' critical thinking. Methods: Tatol of60 nursing undergraduates from Jan. 2012 to Mar. 2013 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Traditional teaching model was used in control group,while the application of We Chat was added on the basis of the traditional method in experimental group. Then critical thinking disposition inventory- Chinese version( CTDI- CV) was used to access the nursing undergraduates' ability of critical thinking of tow group. Results: Through the research,the total sore of CTDI- CV of nursing undergraduates who used We Chat Group was higher than those who did not. And so was difference of the truth seeking,open- minded,analytical skills and cognition degree were significantly lower after clinical practice( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The introduction of We Chat in teaching could attach importance to the improvement of critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduates in their period of internship.


In this paper, a time domain processing of Ultra Wide Band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data and an algorithm to remove the Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) measured with this kind of radar are described and tested. Usually a SAR is a narrow band system, but in our case it transmits nanosecond short pulses without carrier which have a spectral content from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. We investigate the possibilities of Ultra Wide Band radar imaging in order to scan the advantages over conventionnal radar. One of the potential advantage is the accurate target discrimination because of the short pulse duration, but one problem that we encounter is the RFI present in the UWB return. An algorithm based on Least Mean Square method is developped to extract and cancel these RFI.


Based on a relativistic fluid-Maxwell model, laser-induced plasma dynamics is investigated for relativistic periodic waves. Within a one-dimensional (1D) description, the Akhiezer–Polovin model is applied to the existence of periodic, nonlinearly coupled electromagnetic and electrostatic waves, and the corresponding particle motion. Known existence criteria for periodic solutions are generalized. The corresponding stability behaviors are investigated by 1D integrators of the relativistic fluid-Maxwell model. It is shown that in contrast to the vacuum solution, linearly polarized coupled electromagnetic-electrostatic waves are unstable in plasmas. The magnitudes of the growth rates are investigated in terms of the maximum amplitudes and normalized phase velocities.


Transplant Infectious Diseases (TID) is a rapidly growing subspecialty, which has contributed significantly to improving patient outcomes after transplantation. Obtaining institutional support to implement programs that promote excellence in patient care remains a challenge for many non‐surgical transplant‐related specialties.


The present invention discloses a control method and the glasses, wherein the glasses comprising: a lens frame and temples; lens is a transparent display, double-sided display; provided on the frame with a camera and microphone, respectively, and the voice signal acquired gesture command ; is provided with a mirror leg brainwave identifier and a processor identifier acquiring brain wave brainwave signal processor receives gesture command, a speech signal and an electroencephalogram signal and processed. Acquiring by the smart glasses gesture command and voice signals, and to the processor, the graphic information is displayed by the corresponding rear surface, to achieve external information into the spectacle wearer can see the graphic information, but also can send spectacle wearer's brain wave signal to the processor, and the corresponding graphic information displayed by the front lenses, the wearer's voice will not be expressed by graphic way to show to others, and ordinary people to achieve the deaf barrier-free exchange between.


Abstract Globally, cephalopods support large industrial-scale fisheries and small-scale to partly large-scale local artisanal fisheries. They are of increasing economic importance as evidenced by the rapid rise in their global landings from 1950 to 2014. Cephalopods are sensitive to environmental variability and climate change and many if not all species show wide fluctuations in abundance. This is most evident in ommastrephid nerito-oceanic squid since their life cycle is associated with boundary currents that are changing with climate change. The inter-annual variability in catch presents challenges for fishers and managers due to the 'boom-or-bust' nature of the fishery. A key barrier to rational management of squid fisheries is the low level of development of fishery forecasting. Despite substantial progress made in relating squid population dynamics to environmental variability and change, several challenges remain to develop forecast products to support squid fisheries management. Ideally, squid fisheries management needs a forecasting system that includes all time-scales of forecasting, and especially short - and medium-terms forecasts. The present overview first provides current knowledge of the effects of climate change and variability on squid population dynamics, challenges and opportunities to advance ecological-fishery forecast products, and finally a roadmap is proposed for future development of forecasts products to support squid sustainable fisheries management. As for the adoption of specific forecasting methods to the squid fishery management process, what is important is the relationship between needs, feasibility, and the ultimate success of a forecast will be determined by whether it is used by end-users.


Figure 4 Cardiac Images: (a) ground truth at time phase 1; (b) reconstruction from 8x8 size redundant Haar wavelet transform of under-sampled data at time phase 1; (c) reconstruction from 8x8 size learnt transform of undersampled data at time phase 1; (d) difference image of (a) and (b); (e) difference image of (a) and (c). Cardiovascular MRI Reconstruction with Data-Driven Sparsifying Transform Qiu Wang, Jun Liu, Nirmal Janardhanan, and Mariappan S. Nadar Imaging and Computer Vision, Siemens Corporation, Corporate Technology, Princeton, NJ, United States


The learning achievement is the result obtained as a result of the activities students in learning. Interest and IT media role in the level of student achievement. The purpose of this study: (1) Examine differences in learning achievement level in terms of interest in learning, (2) Examine the differences in the level of learning achievement in terms of the use of IT media, (3) Examine interactions between interest and media use of IT to the level of learning achievement. This research is a quantitative comparison. The population is all students of class VII second semester SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Surakarta academic year 2015/2016. The sampling technique using propotional random sampling. Data were collected by observation, questionnaire, and documentation. Data analysis techniques: analysis of variance of two different cell. The results of data analysis using a significance level of 5% was obtained: (1) There are differences in the level of mathematics achievement among students in terms of the interests of low, medium, and high, with FA = 6,5927, (2) There were no differences in levels of mathematics achievement in terms of media usage of IT by category never, sometimes, often, with FB = 2,1685, (3) There is no interaction between interest and media use of IT to the level of mathematics achievement, with FAB = 0,1015.


The Subs in Schools Technology Challenge Program incorporates electrical and mechanical problem solving and grassroots design within a formalised, national competition administrated by Re-engineering Australia (REA). Part of its inception was to engage with the Australian Government's National Curriculums priority of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) throughout the education system of Australia and sustain student interest into and throughout tertiary education. In its current form, however, the Subs in Schools Program lacks realistic scale model testing parameters and does not expose students to higher order design characteristics or emulate testing that is similar those undertaken in industry, such as Towing Tank testing. A Towing Tank test is fundamental to the testing of newly designed hulls; thus, the aim of this Project was to design, build and test various test rigs that could be considered for implementation within the competition and allow competitors to explore fundamental naval architecture principles such as hull form drag, scale model testing requirements and behavioral predictions. This resulted in a Drop Tower being constructed. A Pulley System and a Wheel System were devised and tested. The Wheel System had less inherent friction and produced higher quality results, however both systems could be applied successfully. Additional enhancements to the system would be the inclusion of higher order data acquisition through laser gates and/or a revolution counter (Hall Effect Sensor). This Drop Tower system is desirable and is appropriate for the context of the Competition.


Ag-Cu-O films were deposited on glass substrates using two reactive sputtering processes. In the first one, a silver-copper target (Ag 60 Cu 40 ) was sputtered in various Ar-O2 reactive mixtures (sputtering process). The oxygen content in the films was fixed by the oxygen flow rate introduced in the deposition reactor. In the second process, silver and copper targets were cosputtered in an Ar-O2 reactive mixture (cosputtering process). The silver content in the films was fixed by the current applied to the silver target. The adjustment of these two deposition parameters allowed the deposition of nanostructured metal/oxide composite coatings: nc-Ag and nc-silver-copper oxides.


Spatial development of small amplitude disturbances in plane Poiseuille flow is investigated numerically using a commercial CFD code (CFX 4.2). Small amplitude Tolmien‐Schlichting waves known from an Orr‐Sommerfeld analysis are superimposed as initial conditions on a fully developed laminar channel flow. The downstream spatial disturbances are calculated on the basis of the full Navier‐Stokes equations (NSE). Results are compared to calculations based on the Orr‐Sommerfeld equations (OSE). In a second step the thermal energy equation is solved in addition to the NSE to investigate temperature effects and especially the development of temperature disturbances.


The I-V and C-V measurements were used for characterization of AlGaN/GaN HFETs and MOSHFETs. Deposited Al2O31 gate oxide yielded an increase of the sheet carrier density from 6.9times 1012 to 7.25 times 1O12 cm-2  and subsequent increase of the drain current density up to 40% and increase of the extrinsic transconductance up to 37%, respectively. The gate leakage current of 10-5 A/mm at -10 V is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of HFETs. This results indicate the suitability of a thick Al2O3 gate oxide for improvement of electronic properties of GaN-based MOSHFETs


The history and recent advances of process intensification are introduced.And the characteristics of process intensification are analyzed.In this paper,it is discussed in detail by instance that involves the function and some problems of chemical engineering process intensification.


In the paper the formation of Thermally Grown Oxides on newly developed Thermal Barrier Coatings were described. The CMSX-4 Single Crystal nickel superalloy was used as a base material. The bondcoat was produced by overaluminizing of an MeCrAlY–type coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying method (LPPS). The outer ceramic layer of yttria oxide stabilized zirconia oxide (Metco 6700) was deposited by plasma spray physical vapour deposition (PS-PVD). The isothermal oxidation test at 1100oC for 1000h shown that thickness of the TGO layer in overaluminized bondcoat was significantly thicker in comparison with conventional LPPS-sprayed MeCrAlY bondcoats in the same type of TBCs.


With the advent of LED lights and the added functionality of the lights themselves, the number of automobile headlights being manufactured is rising. Manufactured headlights need to be measured for light distribution characteristic to assure their quality. However, the conventional method requires a lot of measurement time and a large space. As a result, problems arise where light distribution measurement cannot be completed in time for headlight production. We propose a measurement method for complex light distribution characteristic based on light fields to solve this problem. Our method is to measure the light intensity of planes at a certain range distance from the light source and then estimate the light distribution characteristic of a light source. This method would enable the measurement of the light distribution characteristic in a narrower range and in a shorter time than the conventional method.


: I argue that Dennett does not adequately support his rejection of the "Basic Argument" for the incompatibility of causal determinism and the sort of free will that involves genuine access to alternative possibilities (sometimes referred to as the "Consequence Argument"). In addition, I seek to highlight the plausibility and importance of the incompatibilist's interpretation of this sort of free will.


Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this fourth part of the COLLABORATE© article series provides an expansion and application of previously presented concepts pertaining to the COLLABORATE paradigm of professional case management practice. The model is built upon a value-driven foundation that: improves the patient's experience of health care delivery,provides consistency in approach applicable across health care populations, andoptimizes the potential for return on investment. Primary Practice Setting(s): Applicable to all health care sectors where case management is practiced. Findings/Conclusions: As an industry, health care continues to evolve. Terrain shifts and new influences continually surface to challenge professional case management practice. The need for top-performing and nimble professionals who are knowledgeable and proficient in the workplace continues to challenge human resource departments. In addition to care setting knowledge, professional case managers must continually invest in their practice competence toolbox to grow skills and abilities that transcend policies and processes. These individuals demonstrate agility in framing (and reframing) their professional practice to facilitate the best possible outcomes for their clients. Therefore, the continued emphasis on practice competence conveyed through the performance management cycle is an essential ingredient to performance management focused on customer service excellence and organizational improvement. Implications for Case Management Practice: Professional case management transcends professional disciplines, educational levels, and practice settings. Business objectives continue to drive work process and priorities in many practice settings. However, competencies that align with regulatory and accreditation requirements should be the critical driver for consistent, high-quality case management practice. Although there is inherent value in what various disciplines bring to the table, this advanced model unifies behind case management's unique, strengths-based identity instead of continuing to align within traditional divisions (e.g., discipline, work setting, population served). This model fosters case management's expanding career advancement opportunities.


System-on-chip designs are highly complex due to increase gate counts and hardware/software interactions. Development of performance, cost and power sensitive devices push for a design environment that can evaluate the system as a whole against these objectives. Transaction-level modeling (TLM) provides a well-defined structure for evaluating these architectural tradeoffs. In this paper, we described our SystemC TLM based approach using a mixture of Mathworks, CoWare and Synopsys tools, from algorithm analysis, co-design to co-verification, in the design of a low-power CORDIC engine. Using this design methodology and MIBench FFT/IFFT as our metric, we were able to achieve close to ideal performance speedup and a 95% power reduction.


Recent contexts focusing on the analysis of Chinese government's fiscal expenditure between the year of 2009 to 2014 in the wake of the "four trillion " economy stimulative plan in response to the financial crisis are not very abundant, whereas the problem of the effectiveness of finance expenditure is of great importance to the implementation of fiscal stimulus plans and rationalization the structure thereafter. The paper gets the general ketch of the fiscal expenditure in the past six years through the method of contrast analysis firstly. Then the author forms a theoretical model based on classical Keynesian economics theory and the general result is that the inflationary effect is more obvious than the output effect. Empirical analysis result has shown that after 2009 fiscal expenditure yielding effect just last for two years but the inflationary effect is long-lasting in China and there's substantial cause-and-effect relationship between fiscal expenditure and inflation. At the conclusive part of this paper, the author comes up with brief recommendations on the recent fiscal expenditure structure of Chinese central government. key words: Financial crisis; Strong inflationary effect; Weak yielding effect; Real gross domestic product Zhang , Y. ( 2015 ) . The Ana ly s i s o f F i s ca l Expend i t u r e 's Effect iveness After the Financial Cris is in China—On the Basis of Effectiveness of Output and Inflation. International Business and Management, 10 (3), 129-136. Available from: h t tp : / /www.cscanada .ne t / index .php/ ibm/ar t ic le /v iew/6664 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/6664 INTRODUCTION In the wake of financial crisis in 2008, Chinese's government implemented a "four trillion" fiscal stimulus plan, which efficiently drag the nation's economy from downward. The effectiveness of fiscal expenditure after the financial turmoil, whether it's more inflationary or more yielding is crucial to the current government economy blueprint. According to the Financial Yearbook Of China, financial expenditure can be classified as 23 to 25 categories (Minor adjustments from year to year). From the classical economic view, it's generally divided into government purchase and public transfer. The former directly boosts domestic demand and the latter indirectly pulls economy growth through economic variables of investment, consumption and others. According to the Keynesian macro economics, fiscal expenditure has an obvious multiplier effect, which means the marginal fiscal expenditure is multiplied, namely yielding effect. On the other side, expansionary fiscal policy will increase currency inflation. Zhao and Zhou (2009) use regression analysis of inter-provincial panel data and has proved the existence of inflationary effect of expansion of fiscal expenditure in China. 1 . T H E O V E R V I E W O F F I S C A L EXPENDITURE SINCE 2009 1.1 Data Selection The paper takes quarterly data from 2009-2014 of real GDP, fiscal expenditure and the inflation representing data of CPI as research. Real GDP is the result of removing the effects of inflation of nominal GDP. The paper also has taken the Finance Yearbook Of China and the website of Chinese National Statistics Bureau as the main data sources. All the data is shown in Table 1. The Analysis of Fiscal Expenditure's Effectiveness After the Financial Crisis in China—On the Basis of Effectiveness of Output and Inflation 130 Copyright © Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures Table 1 Quarterly Data of Fiscal Expenditure, Inflation Index and Real GDP from 2009 to 2014 Time periods Fiscal expenditure (100 million yuan) Inflation index (on the basis of the first quarter of 2009) The real GDP (100 million yuan) 1 quarter of 2009 12,810.9 99.9 69,886.81 2 quarter of 2009 16,091.7 99.1 80,107.65 3quarter of 2009 16,300.2 99.2 83,769.89 4quarter of 2009 31,097.1 100 109,599.48 1quarter of 2010 14,330 101.9 81,073.00 2quarter of 2010 19,481.4 101.8 90,634.03 3quarter of 2010 20,693.6 102.4 95,456.94 4quarter of 2010 35,070 104.7 123,100.34 1quarter of 2011 18,053.6 107.2 90,932.41 2quarterof 2011 26,381.5 107.8 101,121.12 3quarter of 2011 25,045.5 109 106,290.42 4quarter of 2011 39,451.4 109.5 137,679.80 1quarter of 2012 24,118.1 111.3 97,459. 09 2quarterof 2012 29,774.9 110.8 107,880.07 3quarter of 2012 30,226.3 111 113,277.89 4quarter of 2012 41,592.7 111.6 148,502.28 1quarter of 2013 27,036.7 114 104,264.98 2quarter of 2013 32,677.3 113.4 113,899. 80 3quarter of 2013 31,818.3 114 121,996.31 4quarter of 2013 48,211.7 114.9 158,176.65 1quarter of 2014 35,025.7 116.2 132,920.2 2quarter of 2014 39,612.3 115. 7 278,740.4 3quarter of 2014 31,723.8 116.1 435,021.9 4quarter of 2014 49,524.7 116.6 636,462.7 Note. Adapted from the website of China National Bureau of Statistics. http://www. stats. gov. cn 1.2 The "Four Trillion" Stimulus Plan on Fiscal Expenditure The four trillion stimulus plan implementation began at the end of 2008 and was completed in the first half of 2010, which consists of 1.18 trillion of RMB public transfer from central government, 2.82 trillion RMB from provincial government, local government bonds issued by central government, enterprise bonds, medium-term notes and policy loans. The 1.18 trillion RMB public transfer has already been recorded in the data presented by Table 1 and the rest is strictly not covered by this paper. From Table 1, we can arrive at a conclusion that after the stimulus plan in 2010, the aggregate amount of fiscal expenditure of China still grows as an accelerating rate and the four trillion RMB is just a beginning of expansion of fiscal expenditure thereafter instead of a temporary emergency measure. 1.3 The Growing Rate and Seasonal Trend of Fiscal Expenditure, Real GDP and CPI To further probe the fiscal expenditure since 2009, we use comparative quarterly data of 2004-2008. The result is that the average quarterly chain growth rates of fiscal expenditure in2004-2008 respectively are 1.14, 1.21, 1.21 and1.23, whereas the figures of 2009-2014 are respectively 1.21, 1.20, 1.19, and 1.13. We can come to a conclusion that the seasonal trend of fiscal expenditure is alleviating since 2009. Except for the first quarter of 2009, all the data falls within the normal range, signifying that the four trillion stimulus plan hasn't changed the overall amount and structure of fiscal expenditure. From the annual chain rate view, the average chain rate of the past six years are respectively1.20, 1.18, 1.23, 1.18, 1.11 and 1.12, which demonstrates downward tendency overall. In reference to real GDP and CPI value, the chain rate of real GDP in 2010-2014 are respectively 1.14, 1.12, 1.07, 1.07 and 1.05, which is downward. The chain rate of CPI from 2010-2014 is 1.01, 1.01, 1.00, 1.03 and 1.00, presenting a nearly flat curve. The inflation of our country is somewhat more obvious by comparison. 2. THE THEORETICAL MODEL AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF F ISCAL EXPENDITURE 2.1 Model Design According to the Keynesian national income determination equation, national income = consumption + investment+ public transfer + government purchase-tax income. We here assume tax income is zero for convenience. The Keynesian LM curve is following: r=(k/h)Y-M/Ph (1) In the above formula, r represents interest rate, ;k represents currency demand sensitivity coefficient; h represents investment sensitivity coefficient to interest rate; M/P represents real currency circulation in the economy. To probe further, we process the formula and diminish r, the result of which is as follows: (α+e+g)/d-(1-β)y/d=Ky/h-M/hp (2) Then transpose the equation to make g the only dependent variable: g=(1-β+dk/h)y-Md/ph-α-e (3) We assume that the aggregate currency supply function is Y=a+b P (a and b are all constant numbers), then build simultaneous equations with Formula (3), we can obtain the following equation: g=(1-β+dk/h)bp-Md/Ph+a(1-β+dk/h)a-ɑ-e (4) Next differentiate both sides of Formula (4), we can achieve two decisive formulas: dg=[(1-β+dk/h)b+Md/p2h]dp (5) dg=[1-β+dk/h+Mdb/(y-a)2h]dy (6) ZHANG Ying (2015). International Business and Management, 10(3), 129-136 131 Copyright © Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures By contrast with Formula (5) and (6), we can conclude the theoretical model outcome: (1) I f b<1, dp/dg>dy/dg i . e . The marginal effectiveness of fiscal expenditure is that inflationary effect is more obvious than output effect. (2) If b>1, dp/dg<dy/dg i. e. Vice verse (3) I f b=1, dp/dg=dy/dg, i . e The marginal effectiveness of fiscal expenditure is that the yielding effect is more obvious. 2.2 The Literature Review of Fiscal Expenditure Yuan (2013) estimated that the slope of aggregate supply curve is 0.1, namely b is 0.1, far smaller than 1.Guan (2011) concluded that the slope of aggregate supply curve is forced to enlarge in Chinese economy, that is to say b is diminishing year after year. Zuo (2008) reinspected the aggregate supply function and came to the conclusion that gYt (Y's growth rate) = 8.88 + 0.38gPt (P's growth rate) -0.25gPt-1; All the above series of studies support the argument that b<1, namely the inflationary effect of fiscal expenditure is more obvious and more observable in China. There are many other papers involving around the fiscal expenditure efficiency of China. Wang and Lai (2011) has proven fiscal expenditure only has horizontal impact on GDP rather than vertical (growth rate); Wang & Zhu designed a SVAR model and summarized that in the condition of an economic shock of fiscal expenditure, inflation is downward at first and upward then, with inertia and lag; Joshua Aizenman and Yothin Jinjarak through contrast analysis found that the proportion of Chinese government's fiscal expenditure to GDP to deal with the financial crisis of 2008 is 3.5%, whereas the figure of America, which country is implementing quantity easing monetary policy, is 1.8%. 3 . T H E E M P I R I C A L S T U D Y O F THE EFFECTIVENE


The present work was carried out in Atibaia, the major site of strawberry production in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the root effective depth of the strawberry crop under different water levels and soil covers. The experiment was conducted using a factorial scheme 2x2 (soil covers and water levels). As soil covers a clear plastic and a black plastic were used. Irrigation was applied until the soil water potential reached -0.010 and -0.070 MPa, at 10 cm depth. The root samples were collected beside the plants each 10 cm, up to 60 cm depth, using an auger hole with 7 cm of diameter, 159 days after planting, with five replications. The results concerning root length per unit of volume showed that the roots are concentrated in the upper langers. Soil covers and water levels did not influence the root length distribution. For irrigation purposes the effective strawberry root depth is 30 cm.


Permafrost carbon pool destabilization causes substantial fluvial export of soil carbon, yet the export patterns and magnitudes are not well understood. Here we investigated the radiocarbon (14C) in dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC, respectively) exported from a mid-sized river in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) permafrost region. We utilized the radiocarbon dating technique to reveal the ages of riverine dissolved carbon and a statistical model to partition the riverine carbon from different age categories. DOC and DIC showed bomb-depleted 14C signatures corresponding to millennial ages. Seasonally, 14C-depleted DOC and DIC ages were associated with active layer thaw and flow path deepening. Spatially, older DOC and DIC were found in the valley sites correlated with warmer permafrost and higher groundwater flow. Further, isotopic mixing models suggested that 83 ± 27% of riverine DOC was derived from active layer and permafrost layer aged carbon. DIC export was comprised of a smaller portion of aged carbon (47.3 ± 2.6%) but a much larger flux of aged carbon due to higher annual DIC export. Interestingly, approximately 56% of annual aged DOC and DIC were exported in the short summer season (July to September). The monsoon climate-induced overlap of high discharge and maximum active layer thaw depth in summer enhanced the remarkably rapid fluvial export of millennial-aged carbon. Annual aged carbon yields in YRSR (275 ± 90 and 1661 ± 91 kg km−2 yr−1 for DOC and DIC, respectively) are much larger than those of Kolyma River (160 ± 89 and 234 ± 105 kg km−2 yr−1 for DOC and DIC, respectively). These results suggest a unique old carbon loss pattern in the QTP permafrost region compared to higher latitude permafrost regions with a non-monsoonal climate. As climate warms, more old carbon export is expected, which may affect the permafrost carbon pool and the river biogeochemical processes.


This chapter discusses three important tools that policy advocates use in the management of federal fisheries. The primary law governing fishery management in federal waters is the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. The law creates numerous opportunities for notice, comment, and oral or written participation in public meetings, councils and advisory committees, and the rulemaking process. Alternatively, some fishery advocates choose to litigate the public laws in the courts, whereas others create new private systems of fishery management in the marketplace. Each effort has benefits, but also economic and political consequences, too. Thus, while the Magnuson-Stevens Act reflects a federal process governing fish in the oceans, its implementation offers lessons and insights that readily apply to other areas of animal law. Part I of this chapter explains the regulatory framework for fisheries management and how stakeholders participate in the decision making process to determine an appropriate level of sustainable fishing. But as Part II notes, some dissenters may second guess the government's decisions, choosing to litigate the outcome of the public process in the courts. Part III further explains how private alternatives have emerged, with non-governmental entities creating their own market-driven programs and standards to certify a fishery as sustainable, or not. Each of these options of participation, litigation, and certification reveals risks, benefits, and lessons that animal advocates can learn from the fishery management experience.


Mach number and geometry effects on level of sonic boom overpressure and applicability of Whitham theory to calculation of sonic boom


TO THE EDITOR—We appreciate the response from Drs Yang, Chang, and Hung to our article "Syphilis treatment response among HIV-discordant couples in Zambia and Rwanda" [1]. It is true that the calculated treatment response rate may be an underestimate or an overestimate based on the limitations of our retrospective analysis, although the size of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– discordant cohort and the duration of extended follow-up adds to previously


In an attempt to increase learning by increasing the attention being paid to the topic, many have turned to popular culture to find interesting and innovative ways of presenting information. This paper presents three quick methods of incorporating concepts from the popular book and movie series "Harry Potter".


The Bachelor's thesis focuses on the process of integration of people with mental disabilities. The first part of the thesis addresses the issue of integration and is characterized in general terms. It describes mental retardation and some options for the integration of people with this kind of disability. The second part is devoted to the research itself. Its goal is to determine whether the clients of Domov Dědina in Prepychy integrate into normal society, how this integration is done and how the people living in Prepychy feel about that. The practical part includes characteristic of selected institution and its clients, description of the data collection techniques and interpretation of the results of the research.


A Large scale tracer test was performed in fissured rocks in the Swiss Pre-alpine Area in an underground limestone quarry adjacent to the alluvial plain of the river Rhine valley.
 The artificial fluorescent dyes: Uranine, Sulforhodamine B and Naphthionate were used as tracers. The implications of this tracer test result in establishing a feasibility study for a planned
 underground waste disposal site to be situated within the existing limestone quarry. During an observation period of about 3 years groundwater samples were periodically taken from 10
 observation boreholes. They were analysed by luminescence spectroscopy in a first step and additionally by HPLC combined with fluorescence detection in a second step. Since the results of the
 tracer identification and quantification were strongly dependent on the applied analytical method, it created substantial implications on hydrogeological interpretation as of configuration of
 flow paths and flow velocities. As a consequence of this study it is strongly recommended that every tracer test should be analysed by two different techniques. The most commonly used
 technique (fluorescence spectroscopy) may be used as a first screening method. Un essai de tracage a grande echelle avec les traceurs Naphthionate,
 Sulforhodamine B et Uranine a ete effectue dans des roches calcaires fissurees dans une carriere souterraine d'exploitation de ces roches dans la region des nappes helvetiques au Nord de
 Sargans (Canton de St. Gall). Ces essais de coloration etaient la phase finale d'une etude de faisabilite d'un stockage souterrain des dechets d'incineration. Pendant une periode
 d'observation d'environ trois ans, des echantillons d'eau souterraine provenant de 10 forages ont ete pris periodiquement et analyses dans une premiere phase par la spectrometrie de
 fluorescence. Ensuite des echantillons selectionnes ont ete aussi analyses par la methode chromatographique de HPLC combine avec la methode de detection de fluorescence. Comme les resultats
 obtenus dependent fortement de la methode appliquee, ils peuvent ensuite aussi avoir des consequences severes sur l'interpretation hydrogeologique. En consequence du cas presente, il est
 recommande fortement d'utiliser surtout pour des resultats douteux la methode HPLC avec detection de fluorescence en plus de la methode traditionnelle de la spectrometrie de
 fluorescence.