For production of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) different transition metals supported on amorphous or crystalline oxides such as silica, alumina or zeolites were used. In several cases both the productivity of catalysts and the quality of MWNT are improved by using bimetallic catalysts such as Co‐Fe, Co‐V etc. In this publication we report the results in comparison of mono and bimetallic catalysts of Co, Fe, Ni and V supported on alumina, zeolite 13X‐FAU and zeolite ZSM‐5‐MFI.


Limb activation studies involving contralesional spatiomotor cueing document a reduction of neglect for left space (Robertson & North, 1992, 1993, 1994; Samuel et al., 2000). A number of studies applying this approach have produced positive findings (Robertson, Hogg, & McMillan, 1998; Robertson, North, & Geggie, 1992; Robertson, McMillan, MacLeod, Edgeworth, & Brock, 2002; Samuel et al., 2000). An alternative theoretical approach which aims to facilitate spatial awareness via the modulation of non‐lateralised deficits in sustained attention/arousal (Robertson et al., 1997; Samuelsson et al., 1998) has also shown promising results (Robertson et al., 1995; Wilson, Manly, Coyle, & Robertson, 2000) in terms of improved contralesional unilateral neglect as well as activities of daily living.


This paper described the coordination of using medium voltage distribution substation SCADA, Smart Meters serving as synchro-sensors and coupled with AMI communication and GIS system for optimizing distribution network operation. Network losses management by improving the system load factor, balancing the system voltage and at the same time combining capacitor bank control and demand response type applications and asset management are topics discussed in this manuscript. This paper also discusses the synergism amongst the different applications and how advantage can be taken to optimize the whole energy delivery system.


Objective To investigate the surgical strategy for bilateral cN0 supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Methods Between 1998 and 2002,32 cases of supraglottic cancer(especially located at midline) with bilateral cN0 necks were treated using ipsilateral selective neck dissection within level Ⅱ and Ⅲ in surgery,after completing the dissection the obtained specimens were detected using frozen section. If the lymph nodes were positive,the contralateral regional neck dissection of level Ⅱ and Ⅲ were conducted. If negative,the contralateral neck was spare and follow-up. Results In 11 of 32 cases of supraglottic cancer of larynx bilateral neck dissections was conducted depending on the results of frozen pathologic results. The bilateral neck dissections rate was 34.4%(11/32) and 6 of this 11 necks contained metastasis,the effective rate was 54.5%(6/11). Conclusion The neck dissection of level Ⅱ and Ⅲ could be used in cN0 necks of supraglottic cancer of larynx. The strategy of contralateral selective neck dissection conducted depending on one side frozen section results can be used and provided us a reasonable trail on the bilateral cN0 patients of supraglottic cancer.


The authors have developed a technique for producing patterned biomolecule gradients on glass substrates using microstamping. The soaking solution for the stamp is subjected to an electric field to electrophoretically produce a gradient in solution and hence on the stamp. To test the efficacy of the procedure the authors tested substrates stamped with poly-D-lysine (PDL) by fluorescently labeling the amine groups and measuring the fluorescence. It is possible to control the steepness of the gradient using both voltage and electrode spacing, and the profile can be predicted using an isoelectric focusing model. Since gradients have been implicated in roles in guidance and patterning of neurons and other cell types, a flexible method to produce biomolecule gradients using microstamping may further extend the usefulness of microstamping to studies of cell patterning and guidance.


The article is devoted to the strategy for the development of digital education at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The theoretical and practical aspects of the development of online courses are considered, in accordance with the requirements of the National Open Education Platform (NOEP) using the Open BMSTU platform. The paper includes the program of the advanced training course for teachers in in online courses development and implementation areas, tested at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.


Thermo-sonic ball wire bonding with low bonding temperature,well bonding strength and efficient,be able to achieve the high quality of wire welding.Describe the development of wire bonding,the thermo-sonic ball wire bonding process and the impact of main factors on the bonding strength,summarize some of the earlier wire bonding mechanism,propose the current more forefront fretting theory,and apply it to explore the thermo-sonic ball wire bonding mechanism.


It has long been known that the external hydrogen ion concentration is not the only significant variable in the discrimination of the taste of sour. In order to determine what these other variables might be, we obtained and compared the psychometric functions of 6 Os for the sour taste of two acids-hydrochloric and sulphuric. Six different pH values of each acid were used as stimuli. Any significant differences in the psychometric functions thus obtained must be attributable to variables other than hydrogen ion concentration, since this factor was constant for the two acids. An incidental object of this study was to test further the adequacy of the method of absolute judgments" in the field of taste. Pfaffman has shown that the absolute method is as adequate as the constant method for determining the sensitivity of subjects to di-sodium hydrogen phosphate.' Although we did not compare the two methods directly, the fact that we obtained significant differences between the psychometric functions for the sulphuric and hydrochloric acids with the method of absolute judgments demonstrates the applicability of the method to the study of taste. The greater convenience of the absolute method recommends it.


We describe homotopy classes of self-homeomorphisms of solenoids and Knaster continua. In particular, we demonstrate that homeomorphisms within one homotopy class have the same (explicitly given) topological en-tropy and that they are actually semi-conjugeted to an algebraic homeomor-phism in the case when the entropy is positive.


For people interested in Roosevelt elk and their population ecology in the Redwood forests of northern California, Butch Weckerly's book, Population Ecology of Roosevelt Elk published by the University of Nevada Press, may be an important addition to their library. Weckerly presents 20 years of his personal efforts in the Redwood National Park and Redwood State Park in the coastal range of northern California and combines that information with work of graduate students and colleagues to examine resiliency and redundancy of Roosevelt elk populations. Because elk in these parks experience little mortality from hunting or predation, Weckerly examines bottom-up forces that regulate and anthropogenic factors that can impact population viability. Weckerly bases his analysis on maternal herds of elk that are spatially isolated, which he considers to be separate populations, and documents how these isolated herds expand and contract numerically as vegetative conditions and anthropogenic factors change. Weckerly organized his book by first describing the geographical and historical records of elk and large carnivores in this region and how agriculture, timber harvest, and creation of the national and state parks may have affected these populations. In the second chapter, Weckerly described methods used to estimate population trends for each of the herds monitored based his personal counts and those conducted by staff of the two parks. The third chapter summarized distributions and numerical trends, while the next two chapters described a population irruption and an extinction in two herds that had links to anthropogenic factors. In the final two chapters, Weckerly first described the population dynamics of the remaining herds and then closed with some evaluation of future management options to maintain this population of elk. In his book, Weckerly described his annual, month-long efforts to document size and composition of the maternal herds for 20 years and states that his work was conducted on a "shoe string budget" that limited his ability to conduct intensive data-collection. Even though the data were not as deep as he would have liked, Weckerly analyzed the observational data with appropriate statistical analysis and makes a credible argument that bottom-up, density dependent forces regulated these herds. He noted that noxious weeds invading native grasslands, forest succession closing canopies, highway improvement projects, and reduced domestic ungulate numbers all influenced the population trajectories of herds he studied, a common litany of factors affecting elk populations across their range. Long-term studies, such as this, are motivated by conservation and management questions. I agree with Weckerly that his book Population Ecology of Roosevelt Elk is a stewardship study of how to manage and conserve elk in a changing landscape. For those interested in resiliency of Roosevelt elk populations in the coastal redwood forests or how to approach analysis of observational data, this book provides information on these topics.


The Westsaharian women are a civic group that during their soon to be thirty years as refugees in the Westsaharian camps in south western Algeria have become empowered as citizens and advanced str ...


Recent developments of soft and ultrasoft X-ray fluorescence analysis, especially high intensity excitation of this method are discussed. The investigation of an XRF method by using Scandium (Sc) X-ray tube and synthetic multilayers are described for the analysis of iron, steel and ceramic samples


The structure of the vascular bundles in the vegetative nodes and in the terminal "node" of the culm of wheat has been studied in serial transverse sections. Three types of bundles are present in the vegetative nodes (except for the terminal node): (1) nodal plate bundles, which contain numerous phloem transfer cells but no xylem transfer cells; (2) large elliptical bundles containing numerous xylem transfer cells; and (3) diffuse bundles, which alternate with the elliptical bundles, lack xylem transfer cells, but contain phloem transfer cells especially where they join with the nodal plate bundles. The significance of the presence of xylem transfer cells in the stem nodes and their absence from the terminal node of the culm and the internodes, and the possible function of the phloem transfer cells, are discussed.


Following the development of stem cells biology and gene engineering,the transplant of adult stem cells as a new treatment has been applieded in heart diseases.In this article,we reviews adult stem cells about its bionomics,the mechanism of its plasticity and factors affecting its differentiation as well as its application in coronary heart disease,dilated cardiomyopathy,heart failure and,arrhythmia.


The small intestine plays a role in obesity as well as in satiation. However, the effect of physical exercise on the morphology and function of the small intestine during obesity has not been reported to date. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on morphological aspects of the rat small intestine during hypothalamic monosodium glutamate (MSG)‐induced obesity. The rats were divided into four groups: Sedentary (S), Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), Exercised (E), and Exercised Monosodium Glutamate (EMSG). The MSG and EMSG groups received a daily injection of monosodium glutamate (4 g/kg) during the 5 first days after birth. The S and E groups were considered as control groups and received injections of saline. At weaning, at 21 days after birth, the EMSG and E groups were submitted to swimming practice 3 times a week until the 90th day, when all groups were sacrificed and the parameters studied recorded. Exercise significantly reduced fat deposits and the Lee Index in MSG‐treated animals, and also reduced the thickness of the intestinal wall, the number of goblet cells and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. However, physical activity alone increased the thickness and height of villi, and the depth of the crypts. In conclusion, regular physical exercise may alter the morphology or/and functions of the small intestine, reducing the prejudicial effects of hypothalamic obesity. Anat Rec, 299:1389–1396, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A study was conducted to determine the effect of soaking procedures on wastewater strength during canning of dried beans. Several soaking times (3, 6, 14 hr), temperatures (15°, 25°, 35°C) and soaking solutions (EDTA, citric acid, malic acid, H2O, deionized H2O) were studied. Wastewater strength was measured as Chemical Oxveen Demand (COD). Total Susoended Solids (TSS). and Total Phosphorus (TP). Reducing soaking times and temperature and the addition of EDTA reduced wastewater strength, while the addition of citric and malic acid increased wastewater strength. Navy beans generated more COD and TP than Pinto or Red Kidney beans. The wastewater strength from soaking Navy beans increased dramatically at 25° and 35°C as compared to 15°C. Significant interactions indicated that the type of soaking solution was of greater importance on Navy and Pinto beans than on Red Kidney.


Threat evaluation is extremely important to decision makers in many situations, such as military application and physical protection systems. In this paper, a new threat assessment model based on interval number to deal with the intrinsic uncertainty and imprecision in combat environment is proposed. Both objective and subjective factors are taken into consideration in the proposed model. For the objective factors, the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search out an optimal interval number representing
all the attribute values of each object. In addition, for the subjective factors, the interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to determine each object's threat weight according to the experience of commanders/experts. Then a discounting method is proposed to integrate the objective and subjective factors. At last, the ideal of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to obtain the threat ranking of all the objects. A real application is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.


A license server (400) controls each user terminal (100) on the basis of a license permitting a user terminal (100) to reproduce any content and permitting another user terminal (100) to reproduce a content identical to a content that is being reproduced by the above user terminal (100). A service use status change detecting section (411) detects that the user terminal (100) that is permitted to reproduce any content has switched its reproducing content. A license authorization control section (412), in the case where such a switch has been detected, switches a content, which the other user terminal (100) is permitted to reproduce, to a content being reproduced by the user terminal (100) that is permitted to reproduce any content.


Abstract. In order to improve the building level of nuclear technology and nuclear safety specialty, the main courses were built through optimizing the main courses, editing the textbooks, enhancing the educational reformation, improving teaching facilities, increasing teacher training and establishing the feeding back system. A few course achievements involving in improving the teaching level evidently, ameliorating the teaching facilities obviously were attained. The work has some value in curriculums building and revolution for other university.


The research "Advances in music therapy in patients with Down Syndrome" aims to conduct an integrative review of the literature on music therapy and its benefits in patients with Down Syndrome (SD). The bibliographic survey was made from projects, articles, dissertations and thesis, without restrictions of the year of publication. The selection of articles was made by searching the Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO, Portal Periódicos CAPES and PubMed. From the articles found, a previous selection was made, in which 11 (eleven) works were selected for inclusion in the present study. The benefits of music therapy in SD are little explored, thus, little is reported in the literature, however, the studies already carried out on the subject show that early intervention programs using music as an alternative therapy for those with the syndrome have achieved success in the development of the cognitive domains of verbal and non-verbal language, motor domains, and emotional domain. It is concluded that further studies on the benefits of music therapy in patients with Down Syndrome should be encouraged, as well as the use of this integrative and complementary practice.


Knowledge of heat transfer in biological bodies has many therapeutic applications involving either increasing or lowering tissue temperature. Radio-Frequency (RF) energy deposition is a method for increasing the temperature of diseased tissue above 55°C to thermally ablate it. The resulting elevated tissue temperature is due to RF energy deposition as well as tissue thermodynamics. However, it is difficult to separate these two processes on any lab bench or in vivo model, hence computer simulation is a valuable tool for the separation and examination of these two phenomena. Classically, the Pennes' bio-heat equation coupled with electrical field equations in a finite element analysis (FEA) environment provides the governing structure for computer simulations that model energy deposition in biological tissues. In the present work we have modified the computer simulation to allow an artificial partitioning of RF energy deposition and tissue thermal diffusion. An internal cooled RF electrode (CoolTipTM) is analyzed using this partitioning method. This method provides useful knowledge for optimizing the control of RF energy delivery to target tissue.


On the basis of his study of patch time allocation by Venturia canescens, a larval parasitoid of phycitid flour moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), J. K. Waage proposed a decision mechanism for patch exploitation. This putative mechanism would be efficient in habitats, such as granaries, consisting of patches with heterogeneous host densities. However, the distribution of hosts in mummified fallen fruits, a common natural substrate, differs from their distribution in granary stores, tending to be rather uniform with patches containing a few, mostly one, host larva. This discrepancy led us to re-examine Waage's mechanism. We investigated V. canescens's decision mechanism in small patches containing low host densities. Following the previous study, we tested the relation between the probability per unit time to abandon a patch and the following variables: the concentration of the contact kairomone produced by host larvae, the time elapsed since the first patch entry and the occurrence of ovipositions. A major component of Waage's model is an increase in the tendency to remain in a patch after an oviposition. In habitats where hosts are uniformly distributed, and particularly when patches contain a single host, this behaviour would not be adaptive. Our results confirm that V. canescens spends more time on patches with higher concentrations of contact kairomone and that the probability per unit time of leaving the patch increases with patch residence time. Ovipositions, however, decrease the amount of time subsequently spent by the parasitoid on the patch. Based on these results we formulate a post-hoc 'count-down' model for the decision rule for patch leaving in V. canescens in habitats with uniform host distributions. There is no evidence for or against the possibility that this parasitoid may be capable of facultative changes in its patch exploitation rule as a function of host distribution. Although increases in patch time after oviposition have been found in several other parasitoid species, re-examination of Waage's experiments shows that his results do not unambiguously support the existence of such a mechanism in Venturia.


This article studies the relation between the minimality properties of two different types of models encountered in the context of linear time-invariant (LTI) sampled-data systems with aperiodic sampling. More precisely, we consider the problem of determining the relationship between the minimality of a continuous-time LTI state-space (SS) representation and the minimality of the discrete-time linear parameter-varying (LPV) SS representation which models the behavior of the LTI system in arbitrary sampling instants. We prove that if the continuous-time LTI plant is minimal, i.e., reachable and observable, its resulting LPV SS model is also minimal.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and influence on sleep efficiency by three different types of titration process at titration night. Methods 60 cases of OSAHS (moderate to severe) from Ruijin Sleep Disorder Study Center, aged 24~72 yrs old (average 49.40±11.47 yrs), were divided into three groups according to various pressure titration method, i.e. Group A, B and C (titrated by using auto-CPAP, i.e. APAP, BiPAP and standard CPAP, respectively for the three groups). Polysomnography (PSG) was carried on to compare difference of parameters between diagnose and titration night, including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI),microarousal index (mArI). The effective pressure, and influence on the mArI and sleep efficiency by titration process were also compared among the 3 groups. Results After treatment, there was no difference in AHI,ODI, mArI and sleep efficiency among the groups. The average pressures were different significantly as indicated in the means of 11.05±1.23 cmH2O (Group A), of 9.65±1.93 cmH2O (Group B), and of 9.15±1.95 cmH2O (Group C), respectively (P0.01). No difference was found for the improvement of sleep efficiency. The SSI of post treatment was less than that of pre-treatment in all three groups. In Group C, S3+S4+REM percentage increased significantly compared with pre-treatment (P0.05). Conclusion All three types can titrate effectively without any difference on sleep efficiency improvement. The average pressure of APAP was the highest. Deep sleep improved significantly in Group C. It might need further study whether single-night APAP treatment is most appropriate for confirming the effectiveness of using CPAP pressure.


This paper analyzes the impact of social network and mobile payment on finance from the perspective of senior high students. Advantages like low-cost, high accuracy and particularly handy, have great effect on consumer groups like middle school students.We mainly focused on investigating and analyzing what will mobile payments effect on their consumption behavior in this paper. On the basis of the investigation, students' consumption behavior is more likely being random so non-cash payment will increase and stimulate the consumption.


Tateyama, Hirofumi * 1/Tsuchiya, Atsushi * 1/Koyama, Kiyohito * 2 In general, warpage of injection molded parts is greatly affected by part design and molding conditions. Since the mechanisms of warpage are complicated, the ability to predict and avoid warpage is very difficult and has not yet been established. When parts are designed in 3-D, it is especially difficult to predict and take effective counter measures against warpage. In this study, numerical warpage analysis and molding tests of plastic parts with large radii of curvature were carried out. Warpage for several patterns of molding parameters were compared for analysis and actual molding tests. Our results show that the amount of warpage predictd by the analysis was larger than that in the actual molding for all molding parameters tested. The differences between analytical and actual warpages correlated with initial warpage, which occurred just after the molded part was taken out from the tool.


This study examines how a client-overlap between a leaving and destination firm influences employee mobility and how it subsequently restricts the growth level of the leaving firm. Our findings sug...


The evolution and compositional structure of the lunar mantle has been extensively modeled but insufficiently constrained by observations. Here, we identify and characterize mantle materials exposed by the Moon's largest impact basin to better understand the composition, stratigraphy, and evolution of the upper mantle. The vast South Pole‐Aitken Basin (SPA) exhibits a broad, crescent‐shaped thorium and potassium distribution. These incompatible elements are predicted to be concentrated in the dregs of the lunar magma ocean during end‐stage crystallization. Through consideration of basin formation models convolved with subsequent geologic evolution, we demonstrate that the distribution and implied stratigraphy of Th‐ and K‐bearing materials across SPA are consistent with an upper mantle ejecta origin. The most pristine exposures of these materials are confined to northwest SPA and also exhibit elevated Ti and Fe (relative to the farside highlands) in association with a gabbronoritic mineralogy. This is consistent with late‐stage magma ocean assemblages predicted by petrologic models. In contrast, SPA impact melt derived from greater depths is associated with a low‐Ca pyroxene‐dominated assemblage. Together, these compositional patterns are evidence for a stratified ancient upper mantle. Importantly, the incompatible‐element‐enriched, ilmenite‐bearing ferroan gabbronoritic cumulates evidently had not participated in gravitational overturn at the time of SPA formation. Contrary to recent hypotheses invoking nearside sequestration of incompatible elements to explain hemispherical differences in crustal building and volcanic resurfacing, it follows that incompatible elements were globally distributed in the magma ocean at the time of SPA formation.


This article analyzes the deployment of biometric systems in immigration control. It argues that public policy for biometric data collection and processing must be based on legal principles and involve the participation of diverse actors, including civil society organizations, industry associations, special privacy advocates and government officials. Such deployments must also involve control mechanisms that help ensure transparency and accountability. Based on a comparative study of biometric immigration control system deployment in four countries (Australia, Mexico, New Zealand and Spain), two types of asymmetries stand out: first, notable differences in the types of information collected, stored, processed, retrieved, updated, analyzed and exchanged; Second, the purposes for which biometric systems are currently used. In the latter case, wide divergence exists in areas for which these systems are employed, such as border control strategies and the use of travel documents, revealing that each nation chooses to use these systems at different points in the immigration process. These asymmetries pose both short and long-term challenges for international cooperation.


This thesis tests the influence of the under layer profile on the stability of the armour layer of concrete interlocking armour units. The analysis is aimed to offer insight into the influence of different under layer profiles on the stability of the armour layer. Furthermore the thesis includes a test of the design guideline of the under layer for Xbloc armour units, which is developed by Delta Marine Consultants (DMC). DMC prescribes that the maximum vertical difference between the constructed and designed profile, i.e. the tolerance, may not exceed 0.5 times the nominal diameter D_n50 of the under layer rocks. This requirement holds in both the positive and negative perpendicular direction. Physical model tests have been carried out at the wave flume of DMC in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Different vertical deviations have been tested in combination with variable length scales of the deviations. Furthermore convex and concave shaped profiles are also tested to assess the influence of the direction of the deviation. The under layer profiles are measured with a laser device. A spherical foot staff is simulated numerically in order to represent prototype values of the tolerances. The difference between the laser and simulated sphere is comparable to that of the conventional staff and the sphere and therefore in line with the theoretical difference between a sphere and conventional staff. Tolerance levels are tested in the range between 1.0 and 3.5 D_n50. The tests show larger damage numbers with increased tolerance. This can be explained by introducing a transition from a steep slope to a milder slope, i.e. the step. Around the step the quality of interlocking is low and consequently this area is very vulnerable to damage. Furthermore deviated profiles have locally milder slopes which result in less interlocking as well. No clear influence of the length scales of the deviations is observed. Based on three tests with a convex profile it can be concluded that convex shaped profiles are more stable than concave shaped profiles. This can be explained by the absence of the step. Because convex profiles show a different behaviour, they are excluded from the trend line which describes the trend between tolerances and damage. An additional scenario with a narrower grading and larger D_n50 of under layer material is tested. The results show smaller settlement and larger damage of the armour layer, which are a logical consequence of the increased natural roughness. It can be concluded that both an increased additional and natural roughness result in more damage of the armour layer. It is therefore recommended not to increase the tolerance requirement for Xbloc armour layers. On the other hand, the experiments show that the lower bound of the tolerance in model situation is close to the prescribed tolerances. It is therefore concluded that sufficient efforts should be made to secure the quality of placement of the under layer. In order to determine the quality of placement of the under layer, a well carried out measurement campaign is recommended.


We perform first-principle calculation to study the role of vacancy defects (VO, and VTi) in the magnetism of ultra-thin titanium oxide nanosheet (UTiO2NS). We show that VTi defects can trigger spin-polarization and collective ferromagnetism at room temperature, making UTiO2NS half-metallic, whereas the UTiO2NS containing VO defects is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor with a small gap. The coexistence of VO and VTi defects narrows the band gap of UTiO2NS by ∼40 %. The half-metallicity and the band gap narrowing indicate the potential applications of UTiO2NS in spintronics and solar-energy harvesting.


This paper aims to present an analytical model to predict the static analysis of laminated reinforced composite plates subjected to sinusoidal and uniform loads by using a simple first-order shear deformation theory (SFSDT). The most important aspect of the present theory is that unlike the conventional FSDT, the proposed model contains only four unknown variables. This is due to the fact that the inplane displacement field is selected according to an undetermined integral component in order to reduce the number of unknowns. The governing differential equations are derived by employing the static version of principle of virtual work and solved by applying Navier\'s solution procedure. The non-dimensional displacements and stresses of simply supported antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plates are presented and compared with the exact 3D solutions and those computed using other plate theories to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present theory. It is found from these comparisons that the numerical results provided by the present model are in close agreement with those obtained by using the conventional FSDT.


Summary The reliability of responses in fertility surveys to questions on topics such as contraceptive use has long been a subject of concern. This paper explores one type of response reliability — the consistency between spouses in their responses to questions on use of contraception — using survey and case study data from a sample of rural Indian husbands and wives. The findings suggest that response inconsistencies between husband and wife appear to result primarily from wives underreporting the actual use of contraception, and that such underreporting may in turn be traced to the subordinate status of women within the family in this society in conjunction with familial and normative values which are opposed to contraception. Response inconsistencies, and the manner in which they are resolved, are shown to have important implications for both overall estimates of contraceptive prevalence as well as for household-level analyses of fertility behaviour.


A LTCC second order low-band pass filter with transmission line has been proposed in this paper. With the periodic property of the transmission line, the filter provides two transmission zeros at rejection area to enhance performance of the low-band pass filter. The simulation results have demonstrated the good performance of this low-pass filter


This short paper reports from a case study of the agile development of safety-critical software. It utilizes a framework of dynamic relationships between agile practices with the purpose of demonstrating the utility of the framework to understand a case in its context, and it shows significant dynamics. The study is concluded by pointing at which further research on the framework is required to use the framework in managing the agile development of safety-critical software.


The current research aims at designing an educational program using therapeutic teaching approach for some hockey skills and identifying its effect on cognitive and skill attainment level for female students with learning disabilities. The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach with two-group (experimental/control) design on a p urposefully chosen sample (30 female students). Results indicated a positive effect for the recommended educational program on some cognitive and skills aspects and opinions and attitudes of female students with learning disabilities.


The liver is a prime target for in vivo gene therapies using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV). Multiple clinical trials have been undertaken for this target in the past 15 years, however we are still to see market approval of the first liver-targeted AAV-based gene therapy. Inefficient expression of the therapeutic transgene, vector-induced liver toxicity and capsid, and/or transgene-mediated immune responses reported at high vector doses are the main challenges to date. One of the contributing factors to the insufficient clinical outcomes, despite highly encouraging preclinical data, is the lack of robust, biologically- and clinically-predictive preclinical models. To this end, this study reports findings of a functional evaluation of six AAV vectors in twelve preclinical models of the human liver, with the aim to uncover which model is the most relevant for the selection of AAV capsid variant for safe and efficient transgene delivery to primary human hepatocytes. The results, generated by studies in models ranging from immortalized cells, iPSC-derived and primary hepatocytes, and primary human hepatic organoids to in vivo models, increased our understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of each system. This should allow the development of novel gene therapies targeting the human liver.


It was with great surprise and immense disappointment that we read James Hughes' comments in Ambulance UK (March 2009, page 13). It is unfortunate that poor editorial standards failed to stop the publication of what is essentially a personal and ill-informed expression of concerns. We are heartened that the paramedic community at large has not supported or expressed similar feelings related to these ongoing discussions and developments. He does not, in our opinion, represent the majority of the competent, educated paramedic community that we work with on a daily basis.


: In order to explore the active ingredient, potential targets, and the tuberculosis-related molecular mechanism of Golden thread along with the scientific explanations based on the method of network pharmacology. We retrieved the active components and the targets of the Golden thread from the TCMSP database. The target genes corresponding to tuberculosis were screened and obtained from GeneCards and OMIM, and the disease-drug protein target genes were obtained after the intersection of the two. The target network of Golden thread's active ingredient for tuberculosis was constructed using Cytoscape. String database was used for the protein-protein interaction analysis.Resultly, a total of 48 corresponding components of Golden thread were searched in the TCMSP database and screened, which revealed 14 active components having good interactions with 75 TB-related target proteins. The network pharmacology analysis revealed that the biological functions of the Golden thread–TB intersection target genes mainly included immune response, signal transduction, metabolism, and the regulation of the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, IL-17 and Toll-like receptors signaling pathways, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and tuberculosis-related pathways to play a role in the intervention of TB. To sum up, the present work explored the different active ingredients of Golden thread playing a role in the intervention of TB and the role of multiple pathway characteristics, and performed a preliminary validation of the basic pharmacological effects of Golden thread and their underlying mechanism, providing novel insights into the mechanism of action of Golden thread intervention in TB


A comparative evaluation of four methods to measure the concentrations of cis- and trans- resveratrol as well as total resveratrol in commercial wines has been performed. Two of these methods utilized solid-phase extraction of resveratrol isomers prior to analysis by direct-injection gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) or derivatization with bis -[trimethylsilyl]-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) prior to GC-MS analysis. Two methods utilized direct-injection high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in normal phase (isocratic) with absorbance detection at 306 nm, and reverse phase HPLC with gradient elution and diode array detection. In virtually all comparisons, the correlation between the values for any two methods was very satisfactory (r > 0.900), but some evidence of systematic bias was obtained which could not be explained by different standardization techniques. High values for trans- resveratrol with direct-injection GC-MS (Method 1) could be attributed, at least in part, to thermal breakdown of resveratrol glucosides to free isomers. The derivatization GC-MS technique (Method 2) showed a tendency to overestimate cis- resveratrol and underes- timate the trans isomer, possibly as a consequence of trans- to- cis isomerization during the derivatization step. Somewhat lower values for cis- resveratrol with the normal-phase HPLC procedure (Method 3) might be a consequence of monitoring a single wavelength (306 nm) which is well above the absorption maximum of this isomer. Method 4 (reverse-phase gradient HPLC with diode array detection) has the advantage of allowing the simultaneous quantitation of many other polyphenols of biologic interest, and as of now may be considered to be the most robust method for routine application.


Demand for passenger and freight railway services has increased in recent years. This puts the railway system under pressure to maximize the use of available capacity. An intelligent traffic management systems (TMS) is used to improve railway performance and handle the railway traffic once a disturbance happens. TMS needs a variety of input data to monitor the current traffic, predict the future traffic and solve potential conflicts. A fundamental input parameter of an intelligent TMS is the position of trains in real-time. Train position reporting inaccuracies can significantly influence the TMS performance and lead it to provide suboptimal solutions. In this paper, we assess the impact of position reporting inaccuracies on a local TMS applied to timetables consuming different amounts of capacity. A case study on Dundee Central Junction, in the Scotland/UK, has been investigated. The results are compared using the trains' total delay and the number of cases where TMS has been misguided and a suboptimal solution was produced. The results show that, once TMS is misguided by positioning inaccuracies, a high capacity timetable's TMS solution leads to more delays compared with a lower capacity timetable.


In this global twenty-first century world Aboriginal men and women are among some of the highest paid sportsmen and women in Australia. This dramatic shift in acceptance overcame decades of exclusion not just from the sporting arena but wider Australian society in general. This article examines the complexities of the Australian Aboriginal sporting experience including long entrenched racist barriers that denied Aboriginal participation on the sporting field.


Highway test and detection technology play a very important role in controlling the quality of road and bridge engineering and improving the maintenance of roads and bridges. The study of highway bridge test detection technology is both theoretically and practically useful. Road and bridge test and detection is a complicated task. With the development of science and technology highway and bridge engineering test and detection technology has also made great progress. The continuous improvement of test and detection technology has brought good social benefits to road and bridge construction. This article discusses the problems in test and detection technology of highway bridges and how to improve the quality of test and detection.


The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of alcohols on the electron transport of the ETL layer of a ZnO polymer solar cell with an inverted structure. To obtain films, zinc acetate was dissolved under the same experimental conditions in isopropanol, butanol and ethanol. According to the SEM data, it was found that the use of various alcohol solvents in the synthesis of the film shows a change in the morphology of the surface. The observed changes in the interface of the surface of the films are associated with the formation of ZnO aggregates depending on the polarity used of the alcohols. It is shown that the optical width of the ZnO band gap also depends on alcohol solvents. It is shown that the aggregation of ZnO has an effect on the electron transport and efficiency of the polymer solar cell. The voltage characteristics of the solar cells FTO/ ZnO/P3HT: IC60MA/PEDOT: PSS/Ag were measured. It is shown that the smallest aggregation of ZnO is observed in Isopropanol, in which the organic cell showed the highest efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy. The polymer solar cell has been the efficiency 2.5 %. From the obtained ETL impedance measurement data, the ZnO based layer obtained in Ethanol has the lowest electron transport parameters. This is due to the high degree of aggregation of ZnO, as a result of which the resistance to increases of the interface ZnO/FTO. The solar cells based ZnO in Ethanol demonstrated an efficiency value of 0.9 % compared to ZnO in Butanol with an efficiency of 1.6 %.


Background. This article describes the evolution of the genre of tarkibband (poetic form with repeated refrain) in the system of lyrical genres in the national enlightenment and jadid literature, the principles of evolution of this genre, its place in the general literary process, new principles, updating the theme and ideological content, examples in the works of jadid and enlightened poets, like Abdurauf Fitrat and Saidakhmad Siddiki Ajzi, the gradual development of the content of the genre tarkibband and the traditional and innovative features of this genre are studied in a monograph in comparative typological, analytical-comparative, descriptive and critical aspects. Methods. We have seen such a situation in the works of poets of the first half of the twentieth century, mainly in the example of Ajzi's poetry. Although the language, narrative style, style and style of the poem are traditional, apparently none of the poetic images, means of artistic expression and high-meaning expressions in both verses of this tarkibband deviate from the normative requirements of classical poetics.


McGregor flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed was treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and the resulting M1, M2, M3 and M4 progeny were screened for linolenic acid mutants, using the half-seed technique. A stable low-linolenic acid (2%) mutant was found in the M4. The low linolenic character is controlled by recessive alleles at two independent loci, apparently the result of a rare double mutation. Key words: EMS, mutation, flax, Linum usitatissimum, fatty acid


The traditional molecular aptamer beacon (MAB) is designed by combining an aptamer to a molecular beacon, and its two terminals are labelled with a fluorescent moiety (donor) and quenching moiety (acceptor), respectively. However, it usually has a high background because of the low energy transfer efficiency between the donor and the acceptor. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we have developed a novel MAB with just one fluorescently labelled end, which acts as the donor, and graphene oxide (GO) introduced as the acceptor for target detection by employing long range resonance energy transfer (LrRET) as the signal-transduction mechanism from GO to MAB. To test the validity of the designed MAB system, cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been used as the model target. It was found that the fluorescence of the designed MAB is completely quenched by GO, supplying a very low background. Conversely, the quenched fluorescence is recovered significantly with the addition of PrPC, so that PrPC can be detected over a wide range of 10.2–78.8 μg mL−1 with a detection limit as low as 0.309 μg mL−1 and with high selectivity. This GO-based MAB approach is a successful application of LrRET for the detection of PrPC, with advantages such as low costs, high quenching efficiency and good specificity, and it opens up new opportunities for the sensitive detection of biorecognition events.


Raman Spectroscopy can be effectively used as a 'biochemical biopsy" tool for detecting tissue abnormalities. Here, we show evidence from three distinct tissue types, cervix, ovary, and skin, that tissue Raman spectra can discriminate normal, precancerous and cancerous tissues in vivo.


At present, the labor force lowering by the mental health of the employee in the manufacturing site is remarkable, and it is noticed as a factor which causes labor accident, traffic accident, and social problem action. In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan will emphasize mental health elimination as an occupational health measure, and the government intends to submit a mandate for stress checks by doctors or health technicians within this ordinary Diet. On the other hand, the company is also promoting prevention activities focusing on "organization" by activating people's cooperative behavior from the health support activity corresponding to the analysis of conventional individual features from the viewpoint of occupational health. In this paper, the health assessment "Occupational Stress Survey" identified that the supervisor support in the organization contributes greatly and constructed "Organizational Assessment System" which takes countermeasures from both sides of human resources and occupational health of the organization in the manufacturing industry.


ObjectiveTo explore the influence of clinical pharmacist intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes treatment and their quality of life.Methods A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the intervened group were intervened by clinical pharmacist addition to conventional treatment,while patients in the control group were treated with conventional programs.The changes of treatment index and quality of life of the 2 groups were observed after 12 weeks.Results There were significant differences in HbAlc,LDL-c and SF-36 in patients of intervened group before and after intervention.While in the control group,only HbAlc in patients was significant different before and after the treatment.Conclusion Clinical pharmacist intervention can improve the treatment and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes.


A pharmaceutical formulation DESCRIBED FOR USE IN powder inhalers. It comprises a base member and acceded to a drug or drug mixture. The formulation is readily redispersible, SO RAPIDLY decomposing particles that can get into the lungs. FORMULATION FOR OBTAINING MEDICATION IS USED.


INTRODUCMON A feasibility study of a compact high power density target for a spallation neutron source was under-taken. The target arrangement consists primarily of heavy m e a with apptopriate cooling passages. A high intensity proton beam of intermediate energy is directed at the target, where it interacts with the heavy metal nuclei. The subspallation reactions produce several neutrons per proton resulting in an intense neutron source. The proton beam is assumed to have an energy of 5 MW, and to be cyclic with a repetition rate of lOHz and 50Hz.


2505 Background: CB1954 (CB) is a dinitrobenzamide prodrug that is converted in the presence of the enzyme NQO2 and co-substrate EP-0152R (EP) into a potent cytotoxic bifunctional alkylating agent. Methods: Patients (pts) with histologically confirmed advanced solid tumours and WHO Performance Status 0 - 2 were treated with CB and EP. CB was administered IV over 15 minutes midway through a 4 hour IV infusion of EP. Objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicities (DLT) of the combination, evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects and describe antitumour activity. PD effects were assessed in lymphocytes and tumour biopsies by the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) assay. Early PK data indicated that 200 mg/m2 EP maximally activated NQO2. Subsequent patients were treated at this dose whilst dose escalating CB in cohorts of 3–6 patients. Results: 29 pts (median age 57 yrs; 15 Male/14 Female) were treated in 5 cohorts (escalating doses of CB...


A 48 year old man with a 26 year history of AS presented with a flare of his condition including increasing spinal pain and stiffness, intermittent fever and weight loss of 4 kg. He had been on phenylbutazone for 8 years (a dose varying between 300 to 600 mg daily) as it was the only nonsteroidal antiinfl ammatory drug providing symptomatic relief. On examination clinical features of AS were noted. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy or bruising. Fundoscopy was normal. Investigations revealed Hb 14 g/dl, WCC 9000/cmm, platelets 330,000/cm, ESR 9 mmlhr, CRP 0.1 g/L (NR 00.1 ), total protein 65 giL, albumin 41 g/L. Biochemistry


Note presenting the application of the Laplace transformation to the solution of the lateral and longitudinal stability equations. The expressions for the time history of the motion in response to a sinusoidal control motion are derived for the general case in which all initial measurements are assumed different from zero.


ABSTRACT The role of a dance educator is complex. On any given day one might carry the title of educator, artist, choreographer, or scholar, to name a few. In my experiences as a teacher in public school, community, studio, and higher education settings, I have developed the choreographic and artistic processes that I employ as a working artist. Reciprocally, my creative processes as a working artist, particularly those of improvisational practice, have solidified and strengthened my role as an educator. In this article, I share choreographic and pedagogical methods used both in the classroom and professional realm, which reflect the interweaving of these artist and educator roles in my life, and now manifest in a combination of creative and pedagogical research in my position as a professor in dance.


The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of thoracic injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed under the 2005 and the 2010 guidelines.


Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and the various subject heading lists in the language reflect its geographic diversity. Catalogers assigning Spanish subject headings typically must rely on a variety of different sources in different formats. The lcsh-es.org database unites several of these sources in a single search interface to simplify the work of Spanish language subject catalogers and encourage collaboration. A look at current developments suggests that high-level international agreement on linked data technology and policy bode well for the future of multilingual subject authorities.


This study intends to discover the similarities and differences between C.Rajagopalachari's Mahabharata and J.R.R Tolkien's The Lord of The  Rings. The writer uses American Comparative study as a method of study to find the similarities between the characters of both stories, and as an approach and theory to reveal the relationship between characters. This study will observe the characters and plots and find the differences and the similarities between the visions of the characters. Some of events and characters in Mahabharata are not only interesting but also giving many moral lessons for us. On the other hand, The Lord of The Rings is telling about a journey of a group of friends to destroy the ring which will give the wielder strong power to control another ring. Gandalf as the leader of the group becomes an interesting object to study as well as Devabrata in Mahabharata.Besides, literary work can become the portrayal of the culture and the development of culture, because every literary work will get some affection from their culture. Mahabharata and The Lord of The Rings were written by different authors and different culture as well. Even if both of the stories have different authors, it would not guarantee that both of them  did not have similarities. The study finds that cultural gap between both authors cannot guarantee that both of the stories are absolutely different. Both Devavrata and Gandalf  suffer from reincarnation experience, both of them like to give some helps for people around them, both of them get the roles as  leaders of their group. By knowing the similarities and differences from the vision of characters, the readers will have a clue to understand the differences and similarities about  west and east vision of life.


Abstract To travel hopefully is to have faith that an investment today will pay dividends tomorrow. In this article, the authors discuss several different kinds of professional investments that have paid off for them throughout their academic careers. Some of these dividends are obvious. They can be measured in dollars and cents earned as a result of sustained professional involvement. Other dividends are less obvious. They can be measured in a wealth of relationships and experiences that contribute to a full and satisfying life. While acknowledging the importance of financial dividends, especially early in one's career, the authors emphasize the importance of social/relational dividends that enrich later life.


This work establishes some new inequalities to find error bounds for Maclaurin's formulas in the framework of q-calculus. For this, we first prove an integral identity involving q-integral and q-derivative. Then, we use this new identity to prove some q-integral inequalities for q-differentiable convex functions. The inequalities proved here are very important in the literature because, with their help, we can find error bounds for Maclaurin's formula in both q and classical calculus.


The thesis deals with the social situation of Late Neolithic society, as it can be studied in the contextual formation and the accumulation of wealth in the Late Neolithic landscape of Central Swed ...


The legislation of Dongting Lake wetland biodiversity is faced with the conflicts among economic development,flood control,snail fever prevention and biodiversity protection.An effective legal mechanism should be set up for resolving the conflict between the public and private interests.The legal systems should at least include integrated administrative system,effective eco-compensation legal mechanism and wetland servitude contract.


Rhizogenesis was stimulated in Kalmia angustifolia cuttings by auxins and fungicides in dust preparations. Satisfactory results were obtained for the combination of 0,5% indolebutyric acid (IBA) and Captan in talcum powder. The optimum time for taking the cuttings was the peak of the flowering period of mother plants. The best rooting medium was mixture of pine bark compost and peat (1:2). Additional key words: auxins, cutting date, fungicides, vegetative propagation Address: U. Nawrocka-Grześkowiak, Department of Dendrology and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural University, Janosika 8, 71-424 Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: email@example.com


Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 975 I. Background ................................................................................................................... 977 II. Argument .................................................................................................................... 980 A. Politicking Silver and Gold, or, Of Direct Political Discourse ............. 980 B. From Politics to Political Economy to Economics ................................. 993 III. Implications ............................................................................................................. 1006


The current distribution and future projections of permafrost are examined in a fully coupled global climate model, the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) with explicit treatment of frozen soil processes. The spatial extent of simulated present‐day permafrost in CCSM3 agrees well with observational estimates – an area, excluding ice sheets, of 10.5 million km2. By 2100, as little as 1.0 million km2 of near‐surface permafrost remains. Freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean rises by 28% over the same period, largely due to increases in precipitation that outpace increases in evaporation, with about 15% of the rise directly attributable to melting ground ice. Such large changes in permafrost may provoke feedbacks such as activation of the soil carbon pool and a northward expansion of shrubs and forests.


I. INTRODUCTION This Article has been written to show how Chilean Law interacts with "ministers of religion."1 This Article will begin by outlining some important background and contextual elements that will allow us to properly understand how a minister of religion is treated under Chilean Law. From the beginning of the Republic of Chile until 1925, Chilean society was largely dominated by laws created from a union between the Catholic Church and the State. However, the ChUean Constitution of 1925 established a separation between these two entities in practically the same terms as the current Constitution of 1980. Under these constitutions, no agreements between the government and religious denominations were made. However, in 1999, lawmakers in Chile passed Law 19.638, which set rules regarding the legal establishment of churches and reugious organizations and explicitly affected some of the religious freedom traditionally granted by the Chilean Constitution. Chile has a prominent Catholic tradition, inherited from Spain, from which the Chilean people have taken many customs and also legal standards. Even so, data from the last census, taken in 2002, show the religious reality that exists in the country today, between believers and non-believers and the religions in which the believers declare to belong.2 The population of Chile in 2002 totaled 15,116,435 inhabitants, of which 74.0% were older than fifteen years old. Of these, 91.7% called themselves believers, while 8.3% said they were atheists, agnostics, or practiced no reugion. The inhabitants who called tiiemselves believers were separated into the following religions: Catholic: 69.96%; Evangelical: 15.14%; Jehovah Witness: 1.06%; Jewish: 0.13%; Mormons: 0.92%; Muslims: 0.03%; Orthodox: 0.06%; and otiier religions or creeds: 4.39%.3 The census shows that while a majority of Chileans still identify themselves as members of the Catholic faith, there are significant numbers of citizens who identify with other religions. Fortunately, a climate of social peace has prevailed in Chile despite other religions having established their presence in the country. In fact, this shift in religious tradition has not motivated religious persecutions or internal wars. This situation has been, in general terms, the fruit of a grand, peaceful, national consensus. With this background we can now analyze the legal situation of today's ministers of religion. To start with, it is important to have in mind that Chile does not have any central legal statute that systematically regulates all the rights and duties that should apply to ministers of religion. One must turn to distinct and wide-ranging normative texts to approach a correct understanding of the law on this question. It is also decidedly difficult to find jurisprudence that, in some manner, allows one to gauge where the major points of legal friction exist concerning these ministers. To better understand how Chilean Law currently treats ministers of religion, the following paragraphs will describe those rules related to the ministers' work status, their incapacity to accept certain duties, their obligation to maintain confidentiality, and finally some specific criminal rules that apply to them. Even though civil death is now abolished and did not always affect proper religious ministers, civil death indicates how radical life was for those that embraced the religious state. As a final note, this Article will, for the most part, refer to the leaders of different religions as simply ministers of religion, without regard to any specific denomination. However, because of the prominence of the Catholic Church in Chilean society and history, it will be necessary to distinguish the legal situation of Catholic ministers from non-Catholic ministers in certain sections. II. THE CONCEPT AND ACCREDITATION OF RELIGIOUS MINISTERS The first difficulty in defining the legal treatment of a minister of religion is that the term "minister of religion" is not actually defined by Chilean Law. …


The aim of higher vocational education is to cultivate qualified practical talents.In light of analysis of the defects and problems in the present examination patterns,the article puts forward the guidelines,main patterns and effects of the reform of examination patterns,and points out that examination reform helps to trigger students' interest and improve their enthusiasm and initiative in their study.


With a ship mod ¢ 1 of sing.le scrcw high speed eontainer slLip, rcsistance and self-propulsion tests' in regulat head waves are earried out in the Experirnent Tank of Osaka University. The experirnental results of ship motions and resistance increases in regular head waves are compared w:,th the results obtained irom the theoretical calculations, The self--prepulsion f'actors in regttlar head waves are analysed by assurning that the mean charaeteristics of a propeller in wavcs are identical with thos・s in stin


Systemic absorption may occur with administration of eye drops and it is important to identify, prevent and resolve adverse effects of glaucoma medications through comprehensive medication reviews.


The Campo de Cartagena has a special design of place names, surnames based on the particular item that precedes it; delving into linguistic work, we note that there is no certainty about the origin of this nomenclature. This paper takes a historical approach on the subject, investigating their possible roots to try to remove the source of these place names and their territorial extension. The conclusions obtained allow a satisfactory response to the issues raised; we believe that the outcome of the study provides a plausible explanation for the genesis of not only these Cartagena names, but other geographically dispersed, adopting the same constructively.


Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has now become a powerful tool in investigating point defects in semiconductor crystals. By being combined with conventional characterization methods for known defects, it presents knowledge on the concentrations of unknown donors or acceptors. The method has been applied to the studies of intrinsic point defects in undoped, semi-insulating GaAs, where the behavior of intrinsic point defects (a)during the ingot annealing and (b)by the variation in the melt stoichiometry are investigated.


We have carried out an experiment at BNL-AGS (E906) to search for double-A hy- pernuclei by observing sequential pionic decays We will describe the principle of the experiment and report the present status.


In 2001, AARP released a report entitled Global Aging: Achieving Its Potential. It argued that the increase in life expectancy over the past century represents a remarkable success story. Although an aging world poses real challenges to income security, health, and long-term care programs, the report argued that the challenges are manageable if institutions and individuals act in a timely fashion to deal with them. The report suggested a number of strategies to help governments, employers, and individuals adjust to an aging world.


Supercapacitor (SC), or electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), technology has matured well during the past two decades into three commercial variations with capacitance values ranging between 1 and 50,000 F. Compared to electrolytic or film-type capacitors with the same canister size, they offer capacitance that is more than 1 million times larger, with a one to two order smaller equivalent series resistance (ESR). A smaller ESR means a very high current charge or discharge capability without excessive heating of the device. One major limitation is the lower dc voltage ratings of less than 5 V.


ABSTRACT Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used for semantic segmentation and land-use and land-cover (LULC) mapping of very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. The convolution operation is a powerful method for VHR classification, but the loss of high-frequency detail information caused during its operation decreases the classification accuracy, particularly in the boundary. Thus, it is necessary to supply additional boundary information to the CNN for alleviating this situation. In the classification task (and in LULC mapping), providing more effective information generates a better classification result. Current methods regard the boundary of images as the same category object and process it uniformly, which loses a notable amount of useful information because of the different properties, such as ambiguity and transition, between remote sensing images and their boundaries. Thus, a semantic segmentation method with category boundary for LULC mapping is proposed in this paper. First, a multi-task CNN called the category boundary detection network (CBDN) is designed to extract the boundary information of different category objects. Second, this category boundary and VHR images are used for initial semantic segmentation. Finally, the category boundary and the initial semantic segmentation result (ISSR) are fused to obtain the final LULC map by a two-step strategy, including the explicit fusion and the boundary attention loss function. To verify whether category boundary improved the classification accuracy, a set of comparative experiments were conducted on the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets. The method in this paper was compared with a semantic segmentation method with no boundary information and a semantic segmentation method with global boundary. The results showed that the proposed method in this paper achieved good performances in the Vaihingen (overall accuracy (OA) = 0.924, Kappa coefficient (K) = 0.898, mean F1 score (mF1) = 0.896 and mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) = 0.817) and Potsdam datasets (OA = 0.890, K = 0.857, mF1 = 0.923, and mIoU = 0.860) based on the eroded labels.


By studying and analysing the fiber Raman amplifiers, this paper explored and discussed their properties. We also analysed the prospect of fiber Raman amplifiers and their potential problems by studying the properties of fiber Raman amplifiers as well as the requirement of today's optical fiber communications. The latest development of fiber Raman amplifiers are introduced too.


Probably the greatest technical uncertainty for gas turbines directly fired with coal fuels is flowpath degradation due to deposition, erosion and corrosion from coal ash. Mechanisms of turbine deposition, erosion, and corrosion are discussed here and critical factors affecting these degradation processes are identified. Control of these factors is addressed as a basis for providing acceptable lifetimes of turbines operating with coal-derived and other ash bearing fuels.Copyright © 1985 by ASME


As a result of mathematical processing experimental process data of drying granular materials in barrel type dryer with mixed regime heat treatment is received. Criterial equation, which will allow to calculate the constructive parameters of the dryers, capacity and rational technological parameters of the drying process.


An attempt has been made to develop an on-line measuring system which allows one to avoid troublesome processes of remeasurement in bubble chamber film analysis by using a conventional digitizer with the aid of an inexpensive minicomputer. The essential feature of the system is an on-line diagnosis of the measuring accuracy by means of a parabolic fitting test of individual tracks on each view and a spatial reconstruction test after the measurement on three views. This enables an operator to make a remeasturement, when necessary, immediately after the diagnosis. The rate of success in track-reconstruction amounts to 99% in the analysis of 597 tracks from two-prong events. The measuring speed has also been improved effectively by more than a factor of two over that of an off-line system owing to the use of an automatic sequence and interlocking of operation.


In a broad sense, human knowledge encompasses both semantic and pragmatic aspects of everyday experiences. Closely intertwined with the concept of knowledge itself is the notion of uncertainty. In an attempt to quantify the completeness of a state of knowledge, one can think of exploiting an uncertainty measure. Although the measurement of a state of knowledge solely by the reduction of uncertainty may not capture the entire richness of semantics of human • cognition, it does provide a platform upon which one can build ones ideas regarding the formalization of a means of measuring states of knowledge of intelligent agents.


У статті досліджуються аспекти, котрі виокремлюються в концепції самості Дж. Г. Міда. Структурний
аспект розкривається шляхом співвіднесення компонентів «I» та «me», які вступають у діалог між собою;
практичний окреслюється у зв'язку зі з'ясуванням механізмів організації соціального досвіду; генетичний висвітлюється завдяки розгляду етапів онтогенетичного розвитку дитини в процесі взаємодій із іншими.
(The author identifi es structural elements of self in Mead's conception, namely the «I» and «me». According to Mead, the «me» means a self-conscious attitude toward the «I» as immediate stream of thought and necessary presupposition for any cognitive images. The term «I» is not properly explicated by Mead, that's why there are different interpretations of it. It could be understood as the response itself (a social behaviorist interpretation) or something which is responsible
for the response («remedial» and «residual» interpretations). Practical and genetic aspects of Mead's conception concerned symbolically mediated forms of activity such as conversation, play, and game. The fi rst aspect deals with the mechanisms of organization of social experience that establish frames for interactions in everyday life. It is mentioned that inner and outer conversation of signifi cant symbols is supported by understanding of meanings. In the view of
Mead, cognitive ability to role-taking is a necessary condition for receiving socially relevant knowledge and knowledge about the world. The second aspect focused on stages of child's ontogenetic development through which self and selfconsciousness are formed. Mead argues that human begins to understand own messages and common symbolic context by means of vocal gestures. In his opinion, a child receives skills to organize different stimuli into a sequence of roles at the stage of play and understands the signifi cance of own role in the perspective of generalized other at the stage of
game. As a result we get conceptual basis for justifi cation of intersubjective constitution, existence, and development of the self; the scheme of internalization clarifying the inner structure of self, wherein the «I» speaks and the «me» hears.)


In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention electronic device, using the movement and vibration of the image sensor to detect the bow (bow) movement of the string, the vibration for detecting a vibration occurring in the string sensor and bow for a stringed It may comprise a control module for determining a user's fingering position. Further, it is possible other embodiments.


The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been highly successful in implementing new programmes aimed at introducing and enforcing new Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) concepts, and this has resulted in an improvement in overall compliance. The EPA and foreign governments have begun working together to promote consistency in scientific data generated throughout the world, and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an intergovernmental organization consisting of 29 industrialized nations, has published consensus documents based on GLP standards. The most common observations made by EPA inspectors in the last 3 years included violations with regard to organization and personnel, the protocol, and the conduct of the study.


Introduction. The pulque is the product of the fermentation of the mead of certain varieties of Agave with a final alcohol graduation ranging from 4 to 6. It has a high protein content, for which reason the popular phrase has been coined "it only lacks a degree to be meat". Its carbohydrate content gives it a special flavor and its high concentration of probiotic bacteria provide it with medicinal properties.
Objective. Identify, compile and disseminate the nutritional and medicinal properties of pulque: a drink representative of the prehispanic history of Mexico.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out on the probiotic microorganisms, protein content, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals that have been found as well as the uses that are given to pulque to treat some diseases and foods that are prepared from him. The information collected was organized into sections and grouped according to their content in pulque  history, the microbial diversity associated with it, of which the main probiotic microorganisms are  described, their medicinal properties, nutritional properties which are described according to their content  of carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, vitamins, enzymes and minerals.
Conclusions. Popular culture attributes positive effects to the intake of pulque and its derivatives due to its protein and carbohydrate content. However, as beverages, pulque and mead can not be considered probiotic products because of their alcohol content.


The present invention provides a self-locking shoulder stitching, comprising: an anchor, comprising a self-locking end and a fixed end, a fixed end fixed to the supraspinatus muscle just shoulder, self-locking end defines a shuttle bore; self-locking fixing band, including the leading end, and the end of the self-locking gear, the leading end fixed to an end self-locking end stretch extending in a first direction, multi-compartment self-locking self-locking teeth uniformly laid in a fixed band, fixed with self-locking in a first direction bypassing the reverse self-locking end, and further through the end of the shuttle in the first direction and the piercing hole is connected to the shoulder joint tissue, self-locking self-locking fixing band stepwise into the shuttle bore by the self-locking teeth. The present invention simplifies the arthroscopic shoulder repair surgery knotting them too cumbersome step, thus shortening the operation time and improve the operation efficiency.


This paper advocates the nonparametric approach and shows its application to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network dimensioning. The conventional dimensioning procedure, which is used in conventional dedicated and low-speed networks, can cause the following problems in ATM networks and intelligent networks:

(1) The need for a complicated arrival process model to describe high burstiness. As a result, elaborate modeling is necessary for each new service, which reduces flexibility in introducing new services.

(2) The need for traffic measurement of higher moments of interarrival times. However, traffic measurement mechanisms cannot meet this requirement.

(3) It is impossible to verify the arrival process model. The nonparametric approach dispenses with parametric modeling of arrival processes and derives performance measures directly from traffic measurement, thereby resolving the forementioned problems. This approach can be applied when the peak and average cell rates in ATM networks are known and provides an accurate measure of the cell loss rate.


The invention discloses a rhiaoma iridis tectori capsule detecting method. The detecting method comprises the steps of distinguishing and content determination, wherein the distinguishing step includes distinguishing on tectoridin, novel tectoridin B, blackberry lily aglycone and a Japanese dock root element in capsules, and the content determination step includes content determination on the tectoridin and the blackberry lily aglycone in the capsules. The scientific and effective detecting method aims at overcoming the defect of existing detecting methods, further comprises the steps of distinguishing thin layers of the effective ingredient novel tectoridin B and the blackberry lily aglycone and distinguishing a thin layer of the Japanese dock root element except common program checking steps according to pharmacopeia general rules, and ensures the rhiaoma iridis tectori capsules to contain the tectoridin, the novel tectoridin B and the blackberry lily aglycone and not to contain the Japanese dock root element. In addition, the rhiaoma iridis tectori capsule detecting method adopts high efficiency liquid chromatography, inspects two effective ingredients with high contents, namely the tectoridin and the blackberry lily aglycone in the capsules in one time by means of a mode that the same mobile phases of the ingredients are subjected to gradient elution, and enables the contents of important ingredients to be effectively monitored.


The article presents the results of a comprehensive socio-psychological study, including qualitative and quantitative methods. The role of cultural factor in the formation of adaptation mechanisms in foreign students studying in Russian Universities is demonstrated. The number of international students is one of the indicators of how successful an institution is on the world market of educational services. The international character of modern education can be observed in the increase of academic mobility and the growth of the number of international students. Most often, people manage to adapt to a new socio-cultural environment by modifying their stereotypes and behavioural patterns, yet, they may remain internally alienated from the social environment. An increasing number of international students in Russia and the need to create a favourable educational environment for them motivates researchers to study the peculiarities of how such students adapt to radically new living and learning conditions. Successful adaptation ensures fast integration into the learning process and an overall improvement of the quality of education for those young people. The results of the current study will hopefully contribute to the identification of coping strategies, adaptation features, and anticipatory mechanisms depending on their cultural backgrounds. The respondents were representatives of a polychronic, polyactive and high-context culture (students from Arab countries, n = 64) and representatives of lowcontext and polychronic cultures (students from India, n = 73); all of them studying in Russia from one to three years. The Arabic-speaking students were found to adapt to the learning process easier than their Indian counterparts: they were more involved in a group's activity, and situational anticipatory competence was better developed with them. At the same time, the Indian students were found to be more eager to seek social support; also it was extremely difficult for them to predict situations associated with time and interpersonal communication.


We study quasigroups (and loops) which have an inverse property. We show that each such quasigroup satis es a generalized parastrophic identity and that, when investigating properties related to the nuclei, quasigroups which possess any type of inverse property can all be treated in the same way. By means of our approach using autostrophies, we obtain results concerning isomorphisms between or equality of these nuclei. Also, we nd conditions for a groupoid which satis es a generalized parastrophic identity to be a quasigroup. Some of these results generalize our results on (r, s, t)-inverse quasigroups.


■ This paper is based on the Uppsala internationalization process model, which claims that the behaviour of the international firm is path or history dependent. This is so because the internationalization process of firms is based on the stock of their firm-specific tacit or experiential knowledge in the firm. However, no empirical research has explicitly investigated this issue. ■ The empirical investigation uses a sample of 362 Swedish service firms, and the data was processed with LISREL. The effect of a firm's first international step on its existing level of experiential knowledge is measured.


We propose a pump probe experiment for detecting the d-wave superfluid and d-density wave phases of ultracold Fermions on an optical lattice. The pump consists of periodic modulations of the optical lattice intensity which creates quasiparticle pairs in these systems. The changes in the momentum distribution under the drive can be used to measure quasiparticle dispersion and gap anisotropy. Further, we show that the pattern of peaks and dips in the spin selective density-density correlation function provides a phase sensitive probe of the symmetry of the order parameter in these systems.


Hydrogen exchange of the title in the temperature range from 50 to 150°C was theoretically investigated on the basis of the associative mechanism put forward by HORIUTI and POLANYI, concluding that the extent of the exchange was out of the mass spectrometric detection. The catalyzed interaction between P" C,P, and C,H6-d (approximately of 30% D content)**) each of 10 mmHg partial pressure was now observEd at 50, 100 and 150 C in the presence of nickel wire in order to check the above conclusion. No migration of deuterium from ethane to hydrogen or to ethylene was observed, which verified the above theoretical conclusion but the absence of whatever mechanism operative as well, which caused the migration. Introduction The experimental findings!)'), that ethane-deuterium**) exchange occurs on nickel in the temperature range from 0 to I50C, have suggested the possibility of the hydrogen atoms in emerging from ethane into hydrogen or ethylene during the progress of the catalyzed hydrogenation of ethylene in the presence of nickel, whereas HORIUTI')') inferred qualitatively that the associative mechanism') could hardly give rise to the above exchange; the associative mechanism IS represented schematically as Ia CH. ~ C,H, (a) 1 II (---> CH,(a) l III H,~f:~:; J .................. --C,H" *) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. **) In the present paper protium or deuterium is denoted by P or D respectively; hydrogen is used as a generic term for protium and deuterium and H as a generic notation for P and D. Ethylene and ethane refer to mixtures of different deuterosubstituted ethylenes and those of such ethanes respectively.


Job quality is a multidimensional concept defined by some indicators and dimensions listed by EU. Following this definition, we use a new taxonomy of European job quality models based on enlarged dataset. The aim of our study is to apply a job quality indicator - which has been defined in the EU- on French panel, in order to analyze school-to-work transition and to cover the first three years on labor market for the cohort of young people who left the French educational system in 2004 (the "Generation 2004" Survey). Furthermore, we focus on youth without diplomas, to measure with a composite indicator (and a large set of indicators) the trends in job quality for those with no diplomas.


The strategies adopted to manage the interface of cultures between Korea and African markets call for a more systematic investigation. There should be a backdrop for appreciating the organizational profiles by focusing on the following: First, the societal cultures in the cultural zones and the way they shaped the management of the organizations in their zones. Second, the African cultural context and the challenges that it posed to the Korean MNEs for operating in African countries. Finally, the impact that the presence of MNEs had on any of African organizations, and the organizational cultures that both of them jointly created in Africa. In this regard, CCT toolkit should be designed to teach expatriates how to succeed in Africa. At its core is a powerful tool for assessing individual cultural preferences with the ability to contrast and compare with other individual, team and national profiles.


Copper-resistance (Cu 200 mg·L -1 ) strains B and G were screened out from 42 soil samples,which were primarily identified as Achromobacter and Bacillus.Strain B and G were inoculated to the solution containing Cu (150 mg·L -1 ) for activation tests.The results showed that in the liquid medium inoculated strain B and G,the contents of Cu 2+ increased by 475.5% and 249.5% respectively compared with the control,and pH decreased from 6.5 to 4.2 and 5.0,respectively.The activation efficiency of the bacteria correlated to their ability to produce acid.The optimum growth conditions for them were: temperature 28 ℃ for both strain B and G,pH 6~7 for strain B and 8 for strain G.Strain G grew well in the medium containing 5% NaCl.Moreover,strain B and G can also be resistant to Pb 2+ (400 mg·L -1 ) and Cd 2+ (100 mg·L -1 ).


Insoluble crosslinked polystyrenes (PS) grafted with different quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized as antibacterial agents. Their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by a colony count method. It was found that when the concentration of the insoluble antibacterial agent was low, the antibacterial activity was different from that of the typical soluble antibacterial agent. The antibacterial activity was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. A model for explanation of the antibacterial activity of the insoluble ammonium salt was set up. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006


In order to improve the efficiency of the draw plate in Signs Industry and standardize of operational process,this paper proposed a parameterized drawing way and technology.The method combined ObjectARX2008 and C# to proceed customized AutoCAD.Elaborated in detail the structure of the design and parameterization cartography system,the design as well as the process of the parameterization cartography using the design result.In the process of drawing,the computer will automatically generate scale of with the corresponding algorithm in plate when the drawing person input the required parameters.Real applications show that the proposed method can greatly enhance the working efficiency.This system extends the scope of AutoCAD secondary development.


The features of Internet is introduced in the thesis.The active and negative effects to the students when they use it.In this thesis,we also discussed the challenge faced by the moral education morals they can make.


Probability to learn someone's chance in getting or winning an event. In the discrete random variable is more identical to repeated experiments, to form a pattern. Discrete random variables can be calculated as the probability distribution by calculating each value that might get a certain probability value.


The objective of this text is to present a proposal for a post-bureaucratic model that we call a bureaucratic model. This proposed model would be a combination of the current bureaucratic model with the business model. This proposal is based on four principles: - There are conceptual elements of the bureaucratic model that fit perfectly with the philosophy and functions of public administration. A part of the bureaucratic model can not be ignored if one wants to avoid falling into discretion, clientelism and legal and institutional insecurity. - The public administrations of the future can not face their future challenges with the bureaucratic model, in a context of complex governance and with a possible increase in their competences. The bureaucratic model is rigid and not in line with the management needs of public services, in terms of operating in a network and with sophisticated technological systems. An ordered business model needs to be introduced in public management. - Both models can coexist if their organizational perimeters are clearly defined and the relationship patterns between both are established. It would be a complex system of equilibria but that could work in practice. - The current model of public administration is an eclectic monster in which its base is the poorly implemented bureaucratic model, to which pieces of the management model and pieces of the governance model have been added. Among these three models, which coexist in a chaotic way, the old clientelist model reappears among its cracks. Clientelism is very resistant, since it is the natural form of human organization, and takes advantage of moments of crisis or the lack of consistency of models to be reborn. In these conditions, affirming that the current public administration has a bureaucratic model is an imposture since its design responds to such diverse conceptual tensions that no solid and solvent model really possesses. The central part of this study is normative in which the proposal of a buroempresarial model is presented (section 3). Before that, a synthetic review of the historical models that have been superimposed on public administrations is made: "patronazgo" or clientelar model, bureaucratic model, managerial model and governance model (section 1). The final result is a combination of models that weaken the public administration conceptually and that make it difficult for it to provide legal and institutional security as well as effectiveness and efficiency in the provision of public services. In section 2 some reflections are made about the possible future models of public administration. The proposed buroenterprise model is an attempt to respond to the demands of these future scenarios.


Acoustic agglomeration requires sound pressure levels in the order of 155 to 165 dB, and powers ranging from a few hundred up to several hundred kilowatts, depending on the application. The cost of producing such power in the 1‐ to 4‐kHz range is very significant and dictates the need for very efficient sound sources such as sirens. It is shown how nonlinear distortion of the acoustic wave and its related losses affect the performance of a siren. The presence of the mean flow through the siren passages is very important in the way it changes the local speed of sound and smoothes out the resonances of the various parts of the system. The magnitude of these effects is related to the siren operating point, i.e., the pressure ratio at which it is run and to the size of the stator ports chosen to reach the desired sound pressure level in the agglomerator. The importance of the acoustic properties of the agglomeration chamber in which the siren radiates is also critical and the chamber can be designed to minimi...


RESEARCH on heterosis in barley, Hordeum vulgare L., has been accelerated by Wiebe's plan for production of hybrid barley utilizing a gene-phytocide reaction. It is too early to predict whether or not it will be possible to exploit heterosis in the production of barley. The possibility of hybrid barley, however, makes research on combining ability and heterosis imperative. Little is known about heterosis and combining ability pertaining to grain yield and nothing has been reported on forage yield of barley hybrids. Suneson and Immer have reported that grain yields of some barley hybrids exceed their respective better-yielding parents. Hagberg working with 17 barley hybrids observed no heterosis for grain yield. He did report evidence of heterosis for total plant weight of F! hybrids which could indicate that hybrid vigor could be manifested in forage production.


The role of some intestinal bacteria species on wound-healing in mice was studied by comparing male germ-free (GF) mice with their conventionalized (Cvz) and monoassociated counterparts harboring Lactobacillus reuteri (L), Bifidobacterium longum (BB), Escherichia coli (E), Bacteroides vulgatus (B) and Clostridium perfingens (C) species. An incision was made on the dorsal skin of each mouse. A tube containing a piece of sponge was then implanted subcutaneously to measure the hydroxyproline concentration in wound tissue fluid. Mice were killed on the 7th postoperative day. Mice in the Cvz, L and BB groups showed stronger break-strengths and higher concentrations of hydroxyproline than mice in the GF group. The lactic acid concentration in Cvz, L, and BB groups was much higher than that in GF, B and C groups. The amounts of SCFAs in the Cvz group was higher than those in the GF group. Concentrations of SCFAs in the L and BB groups were not significantly higher than the values in the GF group. These results showed that the wound-healing process could be enhanced by some intestinal bacteria, and that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria may play an important role in this enhancement. The data suggest that such enhanced wound-healing in mice carrying special types of bacteria was partly due to the improvement in the nutritional status of mice caused by extra lactic acid produced by bacteria.


The paper provided a modify design of the mechinical system,the moving mechanism and the hydraulic system of the MQC—75 based on the study of experiments,and the results of the modify is proved to be very practicality.


Abstract This article examines the impact of youth bulges and the lack of perspective of this cohort associated with the insufficient absorption of the labor market on the emergence of piracy acts. For a large panel data-set on maritime piracy and armed robbery against ships for the period 1990–2015 negative binomial regression results indicate that a large fraction of young people in a country increases the likelihood of piracy attacks originating from that country. Further, the piracy-driving effect is conditional on constrains in the labor market. It increases when the young population is insufficiently integrated into the labor market and becomes insignificant for high levels of labor force participation. The dearth of prospects seems to lower the inhibition to make a living from criminal activity.


Design rationalization is the process of simplifying a 3D shape to enable cost-efficient manufacturing. A common approach is to approximate the input shape by a collection of simple units, such as flat or spherical panels, that are easy to manufacture and simple to assemble. This panelization process typically involves a segmentation step, with each surface patch intended to be replaced by a single unit, followed by an approximation stage, where the final shapes and locations of the units are determined. While optimal panel parameters for given segments are readily determined, the discrete nature of segmentation—assigning surface elements to segments—prevents a continuous design optimization workflow. In this work, we propose a differentiable reformulation of panelization that enables its use in gradient-based design optimization. Our approach is to treat panelization as a smooth optimization problem, whose objective function encourages the surface to locally deform towards best-matching units. This formulation enables a fully-differentiable rationalization process with implicit segmentation in which panels emerge automatically. We integrate our rationalization process in a simple user interface allowing the designer to guide the optimization towards desired panelizations. We demonstrate the potential of our approach on a diverse set of complex shapes and different panel types.