Background: Adequate pain control has been a concern of dentists throughout the dental profession and of the patients they treat. The developments in pain control have enabled the selection and use of local anesthetic drugs based on the individual requirements of patients and the type of procedures. In the succeeding years, various amide local anesthetics has been introduced Since then; there has been a vast expansion in our knowledge about these drugs and techniques of administration. The present study shows a comparison of articaine and lignocaine as used in cases of surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. Aims: To compare the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline versus 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline with post-operative pain and adverse reactions associated with both the drugs in inferior alveolar nerve block during surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Methods and materials: This was an in vivo study conducted in Oral and Maxillofacial Department of DAV Centenary Dental College. 131 patients were randomly selected arranged in group 1 and 2. Group 1 consisted of 66 patients receiving 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline while Group 2 consisted of 65 patients receiving 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline. Results: It was found that the time taken to achieve the subjective onset of anesthesia, objective onset of soft and hard tissue anesthesia was comparatively shorter for 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline than 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline.


Recent progress in the life sciences, in the theory of complex systems, and in computers, allow a new approach to understanding and/or predicting nature, very much inspired by physics. Modelling natural objects has become possible. Moreover, because of man's impact on the environment, it has also become a necessity. This note tries to convince researchers in the life sciences that modelling should not be frightening, and that it can be very useful.


In the title compound, C14H24O2S, the tetrahydrothiophene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a ribbon-like structure along the a axis.


BACKGROUND
Besides alloimmunity to transplanted pancreatic tissue, recurrent autoimmune beta cell destruction is an additional limitation to successful clinical pancreatic allografts in type 1 diabetic patients.

METHODS
We studied the prevalence of autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) in 68 C-peptide-negative diabetic patients receiving pancreatic allografts. Sera from patients were obtained immediately before grafting. A second blood sample was analyzed at the time of graft failure in patients who returned to hyperglycemia and during the same follow-up period in those who experienced a functional pancreatic allograft. Patients were classified according to clinical outcome into chronic graft failure (group A, n=20), acute graft failure and/or arterial thrombosis (n=7), or functional pancreatic graft (group C, n=41). Sera from patients were screened for the presence of specific autoantibodies using an islet cell autoantibody assay, a combi-GAD and IA-2 test, and individual GAD and IA-2 assays.

RESULTS
Patients from group A had significantly higher combi-test values than patients from group C (13+/-16 vs. 4.5+/-12 units, P<0.02) and higher anti-GAD65 antibody (Ab) levels (0.19+/-0.3 vs. 0.04+/-0.13 units, P<0.01) immediately before grafting. After graft failure in group A, both anti-GAD65 and anti-IA-2 Ab levels increased from baseline, but only the increase in anti-IA-2 Ab levels reached statistical significance (0.28+/-0.12 vs. 15+/-34, P=0.03). When compared with group C, patients from group A had higher anti-GAD65 Abs (0.29+/-0.35 vs. 0.05+/-0.16, P<0.001) after graft failure. Interestingly, the number of double-Ab-positive patients rose from 5% to 35% in group A, whereas it remained at 5% in group C. In pancreatic transplants with bladder drainage, the presence of anti-GAD65 and/or anti-IA2 Abs was not associated with a reduction in urinary amylase levels. This suggests that a loss of endocrine function was not associated with exocrine failure in patients from group A.

CONCLUSIONS
We can conclude from the present study that peripheral autoimmune markers are useful in diabetic patients receiving pancreatic allografts.


This study involved 154 subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (84.6% with type 1 diabetes, age 46.6 ±13.6 years; 52% female, A1c 8.3 ± 0.9 %) who were undergoing intensified insulin therapy. Participants completed a questionnaire (SMART) that measures the accuracy of estimating carbohydrates in 27 foods or in meals, using the multiple-choice method. At the same time, glucose data collected by a flash glucose monitoring system were analysed in the two weeks prior to completion of the SMART questionnaire. The level of estimation error regarding carbohydrates correlated significantly with glucose variability (CV; r=-0.29; p 180 mg/dl; r=0.015, p=0.843) or hypoglycemic phases ( Disclosure N. Hermanns: Advisory Panel; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie AG. D. Ehrmann: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott, Berlin-Chemie AG, Glooko, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. B. Kulzer: Research Support; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie AG, Roche Diabetes Care. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Abbott, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Berlin-Chemie AG, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. Funding Abbott Diabetes Care Germany


The exclusive emphasis on academic excellence in our schools today does not necessarily translate into excellence of character or lend our students an ethical disposition. Thus, I include ethics instruction to young people who will one day become the citizens and leaders of tomorrow. Because ethics invokes questions that consider morals, values, and principles, and because it seeks to consider and respect alternate perspectives, I believe that ethics knowledge is essential to maintaining a civilized society. This essay will share some of the philosophy and methods that I have used successfully with middle-level students (grades 5-8) to help them reflect upon what it means to be ethical human beings and good citizens—in addition to supporting their efforts to achieve academic excellence.


The fundamental definitions of geographic information systems' concepts, functional scheme, list and discription of the functions performed by «INGIS» geographic information system are given. The examples of objects, the sequence of the definite GIS-project development, applications of geographic information systems are presented.


Abstract: Concrete panels are usually used to provide protection against incidental dynamic loadings such as the impact of a steel projectile. In this paper finite element technique is used to investigate the dynamic behavior and failure conditions of reinforced concrete panels subjected to the projectile impacts. Finite element model calibration was based on some experimental results conducted by M.E. Mohamed et al." Experimental Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Panels Penetration Resistance".


Activity concentrations of natural radioactivity of 40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th were reviewed in connection with rock, soil, sediments, and water in the Northern and Southern parts of Nigeria to estimate the radiation dose acquire by the population. The activity concentrations of the various radionuclides from rock samples collected from different locations were generally higher than those of other environmental matrices. Comparative distribution maps of 40K, 238U, and 232Th show the distribution of activity concentration in the Northern and Western part of Nigeria. The activity concentrations 40K, 238U, and 232Th in rock ranges from 40 Bq kg-1 to 1203 Bq kg-1, 34 Bq kg-1 to 7220 Bq kg-1, and 8 Bq kg-1 to 1680 Bq kg-1 respectively. In soil it ranges from 98.7 Bq kg-1 to 1023.3 Bq kg-1, 15.6 Bq kg-1 to 55.3 Bq kg-1, and 5.2 Bq kg-1 to 195.5 Bq kg-1 respectively. In sediment it ranges 97 Bq kg-1 to 1023 Bq kg-1, 12 Bq kg-1 to 47.9 Bq kg-1, and 11.7 Bq kg-1 to 55.3 Bq kg-1. The concentration of 40K and 238U in granite rocks are higher than the recommended permissible value. All the water samples were found to contain acceptable levels of radionuclides with mean activity values of 3.98±0.26, 11.00±2.58, and 17.73±5.04 Bql-1 for 40K, 232Th, and 238U, respectively showing that the mean activity of 238U for all the samples is the highest when compared with those of 40K and 232Th. The mean absorbed dose rate for all the area is 0.123mSvyr-1, which is very low when compared to the recommended limit of 1mSvyr-1 for water.


ABSTRACT Gasification of petroleum residue has been considered as the potential technology due to the advantages of converting the liquid fuels into syngas using partial oxidation. In this paper, we developed a one-dimensional kinetic model to simulate the effects of residence time and heating rate on the gasification characteristics. Results showed that gasification under higher heating rate improves the hydrogen yield and carbon conversion efficiency. It was also found that the residence time plays a major role in the process; higher residence time improves the hydrogen yield and gasification efficiency. The model was validated against the reported data and found to be in good agreement.


Angiotensin Ⅱ receptors and alpha_1-adrenergic receptors play important roles in regulating cardiovascular actions.In the meantime,there is extensive cross talk between them at various levels,which make physiological actions of cardiovascular system more accurate.


Skin diseases constitute up to 40% of all notified occupational diseases in most European countries, predominantly comprising contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, and skin cancer. While insufficient prevention of work‐related skin diseases (WRSD) is a top‐priority problem in Europe, common standards for prevention of these conditions are lacking.


In vitro plant cell cultures have potential for commercial production of secondary metabolites. Date palm tissues produced steroids which have important medicinal value. There are some studies about the precursors which can be used to enhance and increased the production of date palm plant cell of these important secondary metabolites. The focus of the present paper is to discuss the application of tissue culture technology by studying the effect of slow growth conditions storage at 15C o with the addition of different type of sugar as osmotic agents (sucrose, sorbitol and mannitol) on the total steroids contents of conserved callus after (4, 8, and 12 months) also survival of conserved callus was demonstrated. Results showed that, the highest significant value of total steroid contents recorded after eight months from conservation period when callus cultured on conservation medium supplemented with sucrose, also gave the best results in the survival of the conserved callus explants during conservation periods .Mannitol sugar in conservation medium revealed a reduction in total steroids contents of conserved callus in all studied conservation period.


The transmission control protocol (TCP) and internet protocol (IP) are forever linked to Ethernet in the business and consumer worlds. This linkage does not solve all communication problems and must be supplemented by application-layer protocols suitable for the industrial environment. Moving popular industrial protocols to Ethernet TCP/IP gives benefits that can include low product development costs, ease of integration and use, and multi-vendor interoperability. This paper presents a brief overview of the TCP/IP protocol and how industrial protocols are being accommodated to Ethernet.


REVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS of the effectiveness of orally administered progesterone and progesterone-like compounds have demonstrated the necessity of larger doses if results comparable to those produced by subcutaneous injection are to be obtained. In the rabbit the minimal oral dose of corpus luteum hormone necessary to produce distinct progestational proliferation is 50 rabbit units.1 Even this amount did not produce as marked an effect as 1 Rb. U. injected subcutaneously. Hohlweg and Inhoffen2 were unable to detect any alterations in the uteri of rabbits when as much as 60 mg. progesterone was given orally over a 5-day period. This amount represents 100 times the effective subcutaneous dose. On the other hand, they were successful in producing progestational changes with orally administered pregneninolone in quantities (4 mg.) twice that necessary by injection. Clauberg and Ustun3 also report that pregneninolone (proluton-C) is effective when given orally to humans in 6 times the intramuscular dosage.


The invention discloses a durian juice drink containing mangosteen pulp, characterized in that various raw materials of the durian juice drink are proportioned by weight percent: 20-40% of durian pulp, 1-7% of mangosteen pulp, 0.55% of stabilizer, 0.10% of citric acid, 0.1% of sodium citrate, 0.5% of honey, 0.5% of vitamin C, 0.005% of solid natural perfume and the balance of purified water. The drink is capable of maintaining the natural flavor and nutritional ingredients of durian, convenient for people to eat trustingly and capable of overcoming body dryness and heat caused by the hot-natured durian.


Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) include more than 600 disease entities that are characterized by loss of specific neurons located in anatomically related functional areas which progressively lead to motor and cognitive deficits. The pathogenesis of NDs involves mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress, programmed cell death or abnormal protein aggregation, trafficking, and/or degradation. In most cases, the end stage neuropathology is characterized by a highly specific distribution of abnormal protein aggregates in disease specific patterns in the affected neuronal populations. These proteins include β-amyloid and TAU in Alzheimer's disease (AD), α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD), and huntingtin (Htt) polyglutamine (poly-Q) elongation in Huntington's disease (HD) (Maiese, 2015). NDs result in disability and death for more than 30 million individuals worldwide and the number of individuals afflicted is expected to increase with the increased life span of the global population. Although clinical treatments for NDs have progressed over the years with some promising results, the availability of treatments that can limit or prevent NDs remains limited (Maiese, 2015).


This paper describes the dynamic load-balancing and high performance communication provided in Jcluster, an efficient Java parallel environment. For the efficient load-balancing, we implement a task scheduler based on a transitive random stealing algorithm, which improves the random stealing, a well-known load-balancing algorithm. The experiment results show that the scheduler performs efficiently, especially for a large-scale cluster. With the method of asynchronously multithreaded transmission, a high performance PVM-like and MPI-like message passing interface is implemented in pure Java. The evaluation of the communication performance is conducted among Jcluster, LAM-MPI and mpiJava on LAM-MPI based on the Java Grande Forum's pingpong benchmark.


To deal with exogenous pathogens the peripheral Tcell compartment requires diverse repertoires (as those of naive cells) and efficient responses, the latter dependent on the persistence of memory c...


The leafhopper genus Homa Distant is revised. Four new species, H. osificata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. oretinia Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. asilata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., and H. algulata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., are described from Thailand. H. haematoptilus (Kirkaldy) is redescribed based on specimens from the Oriental Region. All included species are illustrated and a key is provided to separate species for which males are known.


Introduction: Collagen is a ubiquitous structural protein found in skin, bone, muscle and connective tissue in
 humans and animals. Several studies have found significant positive impacts on skin health when collagen-containing
 dietary supplements are routinely ingested. A newly developed collagen product (4Life Transfer Factor Collagen (TF
 Collagen)) containing multiple types of collagen, transfer factors from colostrum, and other ingredients, was tested in vitro in a telomere model, and in vivo in a human skin health clinical study.
 Objective: The purpose of these studies was to determine if TF Collagen supplementation could significantly
 improve measures of aging and the overall skin health of the participants.
 Methods: The in vitro telomere study measured telomerase activity of lung tissue cells over 15 passages by optical
 density (OD). The telomerase activity was then compared between a control group and a TF Collagen-treated group
 at corresponding passages. For the human study, 26 subjects (aged 35-55) consumed one packet (eight grams) of TF
 Collagen daily for 84 days. Skin hydration, skin firmness, skin elasticity, and the appearance of fine lines and
 wrinkles were measured at day 42 and day 84.
 Results: The in vitro study found a significant increase in telomerase activity in cells treated with TF Collagen
 compared to the control. In the human clinical study, TF Collagen significantly improved skin hydration, skin
 firmness, and the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as subjective measures of skin health.
 Conclusion: A multi-type collagen supplement with other ingredients activated telomerase in vitro and significantly
 improved overall skin health in healthy men and women.


In response to unprecedented public concern with environmental protection, Congress twice amended the Clean Air Act [the Act]' during the 1970's.2 Congress embodied in these amendments a new vision of administrative law by encouraging the public to participate in the implementation and enforcement of the Act.3 The New Deal model of administrative agencies as disinterested experts rationally ordering a regulatory field on behalf of the public4 had become suspect. Congress found that the federal and state regulatory agencies had been lax in carrying out the statutory mandate to develop and implement air quality standards.5 Congress responded by structuring the Clean Air Act Amendments to encourage the public to keep watch over the Environmental Protection Agency [EPA]. Section 304 of the Act permits "any person" to bring suit to ensure enforcement of EPA standards and regulations. 6 Section


Direct ion beam deposition of carbon films on silicon in the ion energy range of 15–500 eV and temperature range of 25–800 °C has been studied. The work was carried out using mass‐separated C+ and CH+3 ions under ultrahigh vacuum. The films were characterized with x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmission electron diffraction analysis. In the initial stage of the deposition, carbon implanted into silicon induced the formation of silicon carbide, even at room temperature. Further carbon ion bombardment then led to the formation of a carbon film. The film properties were sensitive to the deposition temperature but not to the ion energy. Films deposited at room temperature consisted mainly of amorphous carbon. Deposition at a higher temperature, or post‐deposition annealing, led to the formation of microcrystalline graphite. A deposition temperature above 800 °C favored the formation of microcrystalline graphite with a preferred orientation in th...


This paper presents a comparative study of two multiperspective approaches to management, one developed and applied mainly in the United States, the other in China and East Asia. The contentions of the two approaches are briefly outlined, commonality and differences analysed, cultural traditions surfaced, and the ways the two approaches inform and learn from each other reported. It is suggested that the recent development of multiperspective approaches world-wide is not accidental, but can be seen as an outcome of humankind's common search for responses to the increasingly challenging multidimensional complexity in human systems management. Systems/management scientists in both the West and the East can do better in dealing with the complexity if we consciously open to, inform and learn from each other.


Objectives: Rotator cuff tears are a common source of shoulder pain and disability. Even after surgical repair of these tears, many patients continue to have reduced shoulder function and a progression of intramuscular fatty degeneration. Previous work in a sheep model demonstrated that a slow, progressive lengthening of chronically torn cuff muscles followed by surgical repair of the tendon reversed fatty degeneration and improved muscle function. As patients with chronic cuff tears often experience a shortening of the muscle fibers, it is possible that repairing the torn tendon to its original anatomical footprint induces a massive stretch-induced muscle injury that could contribute to poor outcomes after repair. Evans Blue Dye (EBD) is a water soluble, membrane impermeable dye, that is used to identify muscle fibers that have suffered an injury to their plasma membrane. We hypothesized that, compared with acutely torn and repaired rotator cuff muscles, the substantial stretch that is required to repair a chronically torn and shortened rotator cuff would result in significant muscle fiber damage. Methods: This study was approved by our IACUC. Male Sprague-Dawley retired breeder rats (n=30) were placed into 5 groups: control, sham surgery, acute tear no repair, acute tear and repair, chronic tear no repair and chronic tear and repair, with each modality performed bilaterally (Fig 1A). An intraperitoneal injection of 1% EBD was administered 24 hours before the harvest surgery. At harvest, the supraspinatus muscles of each rat were removed and the length and mass of each muscle was measured. To determine EBD+ fibers the supraspinatus muscles were snap frozen in OCT and the muscles were cryosectioned and incubated with WGA-Lectin-AF488 to mark the extracellular matrix (ECM), DAPI to identify nuclei and EBD was used to identify the fibers with a damaged sarcolemma (Fig 1B-C). A one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) and Tukey's post-hoc sorting was used to evaluate the differences between groups. Results: Compared with controls, rats that had a chronic supraspinatus tear but did not undergo repair had a 35% decrease in muscle mass compared to controls, while rats that had a chronic tear and also underwent repair had a 24% decrease in wet mass compared to controls (Fig 1D). Both groups of rats that underwent a chronic tear experienced an approximate 20% decrease in supraspinatus length when compared to the muscle length of other groups (Fig 1E). In the sham, acute and chronic tear and repair groups there were a greater number of EBD+ fibers in the mid-distal region of the muscle than in the mid-proximal region (Fig 1F). At the mid-distal end of the control and chronic tear no repair groups there were very few EBD+ fibers, in the sham 27% of the fibers were EBD+ and the remaining groups had almost 90% EBD+ fibers (Fig 1F). At the mid-proximal portion of the muscle the chronic tear and repair group had nearly 70% EBD+ fibers while none of the other groups showed a significant increase in EBD+ fibers over the control group (Fig 1G). Conclusion: A massive injury to muscle fibers is induced when the tendons of chronically torn rotator cuffs are repaired to their anatomical footprint. The repair of chronically torn cuff muscles results in extensive injury throughout the muscle that may contribute to poor long-term surgical outcomes even in the setting of a structurally intact repair. Therapeutic interventions that protect the muscle fiber plasma membrane may improve outcomes in patients with rotator cuff tears.


PURPOSE: A vehicles wireless charging method and system are provided to wirelessly charge among vehicles during driving by receiving and transmitting an electricity requiring signal or an offering signal between the vehicles. CONSTITUTION: A request signal corresponding to an electric charging request is wirelessly transmitted to external vehicles which exist within a constant distance(S110). An offering signal corresponded to an electric offering request is wirelessly received from the external vehicles which offer electricity(S120). Information of the external vehicles included in the offering signal and electricity suggested price information of the external vehicles are indicated(S130). One or more vehicles among the external vehicles are selected based on the electricity suggested price and similarity of a route to destination(S140). Electricity is received from the external vehicle by wirelessly docking with the external vehicle(S150). Payment corresponding to electricity which is received from the selected vehicle is executed(S160).


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how aspects of institutional theory can be used to explain how tertiary educational providers must necessarily adopt the same features while competing in the market for students. Using new institutional sociology (NIS), the authors seek to explain this phenomena and how such diverse private providers have borrowed from the polytechnics and universities to share the same institutional features.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs NIS to explain how tertiary educational providers must necessarily adopt the same features while competing in the market for students. In the last few decades, the Auckland tertiary market for overseas students has enjoyed strong growth before Covid-19.FindingsDecoupling provides a link between NIS and legitimacy theory in that it explains how symbolic strategies are aimed at some kind of legitimization rather than directed at technical efficiencies. It is argued that the public tertiary providers are more prone to decoupling than PTEPs because they are less attentive to costs due to their more monopolistic position in the market.Originality/valueOriginally, the market was dominated by the local universities and polytechnics with few private providers. Currently, private providers cater for a large share of the certificate and diploma market and have a growing stake in the degree market. As these changes came about so, more diverse private providers entered the market. This paper explains how these diverse entrants came to share the same organizational features.


Abstract While other data are available, it is believed that the data summarized herein are sufficient to give a good average picture of results obtained in static accelerated ozone versus outdoor exposure tests. At The Bell Telephone Laboratories where most of the work has been with black stocks, results indicate that correlation is dependent on the base polymer in the stocks under test. Thus, in polymers which are inherently resistant to ozone, protective systems are very effective and correlation is very good. This has been true of black neoprene stocks and evidence indicates that it may also be true for butyl stocks. With natural, SBR and NBR rubbers, protection is more difficult and results vary more widely. With the introduction of the newer and more effective antiozonants such as the dioctyl-p-phenylene diamines, correlation is much better. It has been argued that absolute correlation should not be expected since in outside tests there are influences affecting cracking behavior which are absent in ...


Seagrass beds are an important vegetation for reducing the impact of global warming besides the function of forest and mangroves vegetation. The research aims to find the composition of seagrass species, density, seagrass coverage, seagrass standing biomass, seagrass standing carbon and substrate carbon.The research was conducted in Gili Maringkik, Lombok, Indonesia. The research included observation of species composition and the sample was collected from 0.5 ×0.5 m plot area. Total plot area was 25 on five lanes with the space between plots 25 m and between lanes100 m.The researcher found that there were eight seagrass species (two families, six genera): Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila minor, Halophila spinulosa, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassia hemprichii. Cymodocea rotundata(506.40±187.809 stand.m-2) was the species of highest density and while the species of Thalassia hemprichii (36.52±30.004 %) wasthe species of highest coverage. Total of seagrass standing biomass in Gili Maringkik was1081.85 g.DW.m-2with the carbon stock of seagrass beds was 483.86g.C.m-2 and substrate carbon content was0.09%–0.49%. The total carbon stock of seagrass beds in Gili Maringkik has 153.96 ton.C(4.84 ton.C.Ha-1).


Objective To observe activated changes of cerebellar subregions induced by electrical stimulation of different intensity in function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and discuss the effect of these areas in pain modulation. Methods Ten healthy right-handed volunteers were performed respectively with different electrical stimulation of 1, 3 times pain threshold intensity. The whole-brain fMRI scanning was implemented at the same time. All data were postprocessed by means of analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) to reveal the regional activated changes of cerebellum. Results The activation elicited by non-noxious electrical stimulation mainly located in the contralateral cerebellar hemispheric lobule Ⅵ, Ⅶ and ipsilateral lobule Ⅶ, Ⅷ, the BOLD signal of ipsilateral hemisphere showed relatively significant; When applying noxious electrical stimulation, the ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheric lobule Ⅲ-Ⅵ, contralateral lobule Ⅵ, anterior vermis, paravermis area and part of the deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate nucleus and fastigial nucleus) were activated simultaneously, the activation response of ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere still displayed more strongly with larger activated region than contralateral hemisphere. Conclusion In contrast to non-noxious electrical stimulation, noxious stimulation additionally revealed activation in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheric lobule Ⅲ-Ⅵ, anterior vermis, paravermis area and part of the deep cerebellar nuclei, these areas ought to belong to the part of cerebellar nociceptive circuits and may be more important in body pain modulation network.


Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], Theaceae, is an economically important non-alcoholic, aromatic beverage yielding perennial crop, extensively cultivated in Assam, North-East India. Exploitation and conservation of tea soil microflora is important in minimizing the use of toxic chemicals since the later is known for its adverse effect on natural environment. Isolation and exploitation of microbial resources of native tea growing soil are important mainly due to their immense potentiality in maintenance of biogeochemical cycles, promotion of plant growth, inhibition of destructive pests and pathogens etc. Quantitative as well as qualitative distribution of microbes in tea plantations of Assam, N. E. India, in the context of their geographical position and geological and geochemical habitats are need to be worked out, since there is scarce information concurrently on the spatial and temporal patterns of microbial diversity and distribution patterns in tea ecosystem by constructing maps. Geographic information system (GIS) is useful in this regard to strengthen the microbial resource management strategies in tea.


Background. the amount of low-ph food and drink consumed by young people continues to increase, resulting in an increasing number of people with dental erosion. Objectives. the aim of the study was to use the bewe index to assess the level of dental erosion of young Polish adults. Material and methods. Plaster casts of the maxilla and the mandible and intraoral photographs were taken from volunteers 16.7 to 19.3 years of age and evaluated. they were examined for the presence of symptoms indicating the occurrence of erosive processes. the basic erosive wear examination (bewe) index was used to record the lesions. one person evaluated all the models and pictures after prior calibration. Results. the bewe index was evaluated on 251 pairs of models and images. erosion symptoms were found to occur in 43.43% of the entire study group, representing 109 examined subjects. with most erosion symptoms, the lesions consisted of small amounts of tissue loss in one of the examined sextants. there was a slightly higher prevalence of erosive lesions on the male tooth (45.59%) than on the female (42.62%), with no statistical significance. the value of the cumulative bewe index for individuals varied from 0 to 3, being 0 to 2 in 98.01% of cases (no risk of erosion) and 3 in 1.99% (low risk). Conclusions. the risk of erosion among the studied adolescents was at a similar level as in other countries and occurred slightly more often in men than in women.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-95/pdf-41609-10?filename=08 FM&PCR 4 20 - O - Przybyszewska-Pardak - Assessment - 678.pdf


Throughout history there are notorious examples showing alternatives, not only to the conventional architecture of supporting and supported elements, but also to the characteristic rationalist dissociation between inhabiting and circulation. Its properties can be isolated and analysed in order to define the basis of a new paradigm, thanks to the progress of reinforced concrete and its capability to materialise as a continuous surface in space. This paper compares and contrast three approaches –Kiesler, Parent, SANAA– that question the Cartesian directions oriented by gravity in the Euclidean space.


A novel dyeing method is described in which wool can be treated with salts formed by tetrazotising benzidine, o-dianisidine and 4,4′-diaminostilbene. Evidence is provided that the salts react with aromatic nuclei present in certain amino acids that form part of the keratinous molecular structure of wool, to form in situ azo dyes. Details of the process and a number of potential practical advantages are discussed.


This article provides estimates of output losses of the banking crisis in Cyprus for the period 2012-2020. Unlike most studies, where the effects of banking crises are computed ex post using actual data, the crisis in Cyprus is still evolving and thus the output losses and the period over which the economy will be below its potential output are not known. The analysis is, therefore, conducted on the basis of the output gap approach, where projected replaces actual output in the comparison with potential output. Furthermore, we provide alternative output loss estimates to account for the uncertainty about the magnitude and the duration of the recession. Our results show that the crisis can be very costly in terms of lost output/income and growth.


As part of the process for prioritizing reclamation funding for abandoned mines and former military sites in northern Canada, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada required that a methodology be developed to rank the relative risks of such sites. Furthermore, timing constraints dictated that this harmonized approach be used to assess the risks associated with 11 abandoned mine sites and 13 former military sites within an eight week period. One of the elements considered in the prioritization scheme was the use of screening level human health risk assessments (SLHHRA) to provide a metric of the potential risks at the respective sites. A standardized methodology was developed for the SLHHRA, to ensure that a consistent approach was applied by the team (ten individuals) assigned to the project. The approach was constructed around the key elements accepted by the risk assessment community: receptor characterization; exposure assessment; hazard assessment; and, risk characterization. For example, while most of the sites are situated in remote locations, SLHHRA were undertaken for all sites on the assumption that campers may use the sites and be exposed to contaminants via any one of a number of direct and indirect pathways. To ensure consistency in the presentation of results, a standardized reporting format was also adopted. To select potential contaminants of concern to carry through the SLHHRA, background data and reports on the sites were reviewed. The analytical data were compared to Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment (CCME) environmental quality guidelines to determine which contaminants would be selected. While many of the sites had elevated levels of chemical contaminants, a few of the mine sites had radioactivity present, thus radiological risks were also evaluated. In addition to the chemical and radiological risks, site information was reviewed to identify physical hazards that pose a risk of physical harm to visitors to the sites. This paper describes the assumptions and approach taken to assess chemical, radiological and physical exposures and risks and how the risks were combined so that the relative risks could be compared between the sites. INTRODUCTION In September 2003, SENES Consultants Limited was retained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND) to undertake Screening Level Risk Assessments (SLRAs) of the potential impacts on human health from exposure to hazards at eleven mine sites and thirteen former military sites in northern Canada, for which DIAND has responsibility. The purpose of the SLRAs was to provide DIAND with a basis to characterize the relative risks presented by the sites for input to a process for prioritizing reclamation funding in future years. To provide a common basis for comparing human health risks between the sites, a consistent set of conservative assumptions was applied to all sites, with exception of those sites where more detailed assessments had been previously reported. For example, quantitative Tier 2 level risk assessments had previously been completed for the Colomac, Giant and Port Radium mine sites and these were submitted instead of undertaking separate SLRAs. To characterize the human health risks, standard approaches were developed for application to mine sites and former military sites, respectively. In both cases, the risk assessments were based on maximum likely exposures to chemical, radiological (where applicable) and physical hazards. In all cases, it was assumed that people would be on the sites for some portion of the year, even though some of the sites are at remote locations. For the mine sites, the assessments were carried out for a scenario involving suspension of ongoing care and maintenance activities. A three-pronged approach was undertaken to assess the risks posed by the mine sites: • Firstly, the implications of discontinuing care and maintenance activities (e.g. stop treatment of mine water and/or tailings pond water, leave waste areas exposed to weathering conditions, etc.) were assessed to quantify the effects of the release of untreated waters and uncovered contaminated soils on human health; • Secondly, the hazards posed by on-site facilities (e.g. open pits, mine openings, waste rock piles, buildings, etc.) were assessed to quantify the potential risks of physical harm (fatality) to people accessing the sites; and • Thirdly, an inventory of chemical and fuel containers (e.g. barrels, tanks) and other equipment that pose potential hazards to people were compiled. For the former military sites, the SLRAs focussed on quantifying the chemical hazards associated with the residual contaminants left on-site (item #1 above) and identifying potential hazards (item #3 above).


Owed to their versatile functionality and widespread adoption, PDF documents have become a popular avenue for user exploitation ranging from large-scale phishing attacks to targeted attacks. In this paper, we present a framework for robust detection of malicious documents through machine learning. Our approach is based on features extracted from document metadata and structure. Using real-world datasets, we demonstrate the the adequacy of these document properties for malware detection and the durability of these features across new malware variants. Our analysis shows that the Random Forests classification method, an ensemble classifier that randomly selects features for each individual classification tree, yields the best detection rates, even on previously unseen malware.
 Indeed, using multiple datasets containing an aggregate of over 5,000 unique malicious documents and over 100,000 benign ones, our classification rates remain well above 99% while maintaining low false positives of 0.2% or less for different classification parameters and experimental scenarios. Moreover, the classifier has the ability to detect documents crafted for targeted attacks and separate them from broadly distributed malicious PDF documents. Remarkably, we also discovered that by artificially reducing the influence of the top features in the classifier, we can still achieve a high rate of detection in an adversarial setting where the attacker is aware of both the top features utilized in the classifier and our normality model. Thus, the classifier is resilient against mimicry attacks even with knowledge of the document features, classification method, and training set.


Problem statement: Due to high cost and non reconfiguration of Application Specific
Integrated Circuits (ASICs) in image processing applications, for example MPEG video compression
used in CT scan frames requires real time conditions and the algorithms should be verified and
optimized before implementation. Approach: Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) provides
reconfiguration and implementation at the same time. Results: The implementation results of
truncated multipliers on Sparatn-3An FPGA showed significant improvement as compared to Virtex
and Virtex-E FPGA devices. Conclusion: Truncated multipliers can be used in medical imaging
technology such as CT scan.


High‐Q acoustic resonators are used to significantly increase the wave energy volume density. For high‐intensity waves the magnitude of Q‐factor is determined not only by the design of the resonator, but by the strength of internal field as well. Methods to calculate the Q‐factor and both the spatio‐temporal and spectral structure of this field are described. Results are given for quadratic and cubic nonlinear resonators demonstrating quite different physical properties.


The paper reviews the robustness/reliability achievements and include previously published data related to the hybrid bonding module for W2W and D2W bonding techniques.


Abstract In the present study, investigation of the applicability and efficiency of electrochemical oxidation (EO) processes for slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) was targeted by evaluating the treatment efficiency and energy consumption values. The effects of operating parameters, such as the type of supporting electrolyte (SE) (Na2SO4, NaNO3, NaCl, and KCI), supporting electrolyte concentration (SE concentration) (0.1–0.4 M), initial wastewater pH (3–11), and current density (CD) (4.06–12.18 mA/cm2) on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), turbidity, and color were investigated. The most effective electrolyte type was observed to be NaCl. The experiment with 0.2 M SE type and 4.06 mA/cm2 current density, at a stirring speed of 400 rpm was accepted as optimum. For these conditions, it was observed that the COD, color, turbidity, and suspended solids (SS) removals were 80.05, 98.64, 99.18, and 98.47%, and energy consumption of 210.7 kWh/m3, respectively. It has been observed that the electro-oxidation process provides substantial efficiency in undesirable parameters in wastewater after 3 h of operation. Additional processes can be added to this process so that the SWW can be reused after treatment, and the recovery and further treatment of the wastewater can be achieved.


AIM:To study the change of blood lipid and difference of expressed gene in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rats with or without the treatment of Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose.METHODS:The concentrations of triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum were measured by automatic serum biochemical assay. Differential-display reverse transcription-PCR (DDRT-PCR) was used to analyze the differential expressed gene in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rat with or without the treatment of Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose. The differential expressed cDNA was confirmed by reverse Northern blotting.RESULTS:Up-regulated and down-regulated cDNA were isolated in chest aorta cells of atherosclerosis model rats with or without Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose treatment. The known up-regulated genes included cytB561,ERP72,nitric oxide synthase 2 and Gpx1. The known down-regulated genes included thymosin β4,FGFRI oncogene,ICAM-1,FK506 binding protein,c-myc and TNF-α. CONCLUSION:Taishan Ganoderma Lucidum amylose decreases the level of blood lipid.


The interested general dentist does have an opportunity at times to provide prosthetic rehabilitation services for the head and neck cancer patient who arises in his practice. Also if the dentist is associated with a hospital that does head and neck cancer surgery, he will find that his services will be requested more frequently. Although the scope of maxillofacial prosthetics encompasses many complicated types of prostheses for the head and neck area, the general dentist using equipment and supplies readily available in his office can prepare many kinds of simple oral prostheses. These prostheses can return a patient who is unable to speak, eat, or swallow appropriately back to full function. In addition to providing routine general dental care for these patients it is the responsibility of the dentist to provide these prosthetic rehabilitative prostheses to the head and neck cancer patient in his practice or see to it that the patient is referred to a nearby maxillofacial prosthetic center.


The invention relates to a Durchlaufgeschirrspulautomaten with at least one washing zone (6, 7), at least one final rinse zone (8, 9) and means (13) for recovering heat with suction. The dishwasher further comprises a drying zone (11). There are openings (17, 18, 19, 20, 21) provided for the suction of air from the dishwasher. The total amount of the exhaust air flow (24) depending on the operating state of the dishwasher by means of closing elements (24, 26, 27, 28) by complete or partial closing or opening of the openings (17, 18, 19, 20, 21) can be varied.


A bottom-up investigation of algebraic structures corresponding to many valued logical systems is made. Particular attention is given to the unit interval as a prototypical model of these kind of structures. At the top level of our construction, Heyting Wajsberg algebras are defined and studied. The peculiarity of this algebra is the presence of two implications as primitive operators. This characteristic is helpful in the study of abstract rough approximations.


This paper describes in object-oriented retrieval framework that is generally designed to store and retrieve the reusable components from the library regardless of the underlying representation of the library. We propose a retrieval framework on visual space so that reuser can identify their location at the library without any previous information of library structure. They can decide the directions of retrieval with the results displayed on the visual space and interact with the library using the defined simple retrieval operation that can assess the library information object. For doing this, 4I model was proposed. Librarian as well as reuser can easily construct the new library on the visual environment. It is the process to give the semantic of the information object. This paper discusses the basic concepts of our 4I model and explains each constituent of our model and shows a simple example of the system.


This paper introduces the work principle of P2P and several typical examples,mostly compares their characteristic of the superpeer-based and the districted structure P2P model with each other.At last,we propose our viewpoint.


Putin's Russia new thought was put forward under the following circumstances,such as the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Socialist ideology denied,social turmoil and chaos caused by the failure of radical reform in the nineties,which leading to anarchy prevailed,which caused Russia in a crisis once again. The purpose of the Russia new ideas is to content the four factors in patriotism,powerful state;state idea and social onganizations.Russia new thought is the composite of all mankind common values and Russia traditional values.


: From an easy and scalable synthetic access to quinoline derivatives substituted by fluorinated groups in both C2- and C4-positions developed in our laboratory, we devised the synthesis of a new series of unprecedented 2,4-bis(fluoroalkyl)quinoline-3-carboxylates in two steps only. After standard saponification, the latter afforded their corresponding 2,4-bis(fluoroalkyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids, which served as pivotal intermediates for post-functionalization reactions. Indeed, the carboxylic function could then be derived according to known procedures and allowed the introduction of chemical diversity in C3-position of these unprecedented structures. The resulting highly functionalized quinolines will then serve as platform in the development of ingredients with strong potential for agrochemical research. concentrated under vacuum. The product was purified by flash chromatography using a gradient of AcOEt in cyclohexane (0-20%). t -Butyl N -[2,4-bis(difluoromethyl)quinolin-3-yl]carbamate 7aA was obtained as a beige solid in 64% yield (0.567 g). CNRS France (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), the University of Strasbourg, and we are very much grateful to Bayer S.A.S. for a grant to F. Aribi. The French Fluorine Network (GIS Fluor) is also acknowledged.


The main thesis of this article supports an idea of "conception of the dialogue" – dialogue between the most important cultural "concepts" of Russian art of the Silver Age and German Romantik and Fin de Siecle, wich forms a definite system of mutual cooperation and connection between music, philosophy and literature. This method of "comparative art" serves us to unite absolutely unique "creative personalities" of German Romantik and Fin de Siecle and Russian Silver Age in one polylogic context of Russian-German culture. Michail Bachtin's idea of a dialogue is used in the article as a conceptual background. Keywords : symbolism, Silver Age


Over the course of the last month, the US Dollar has reached an all time low versus the Euro. Several factors have played a significant role into this record setting slump. The research has been conducted to determine how increasing value of Euro could affect U.S. trade with Europe. To illustrate the significant outcomes of currency fluctuations, particularly, Euro versus Dollar, from a managerial economics perspective indicating implications of the Euro for U.S. trade and investment are discussed. Attempt and intention initially will be providing information in a clear, concise, and easily understandable manner. Consequently, the issues such as rationale for Euro, high Euro's impact on macroeconomic indicators mainly job market, the twin deficits, and the interest rates and finally the role of falling U.S. dollar on International trade, particularly importation and exportation are analyzed and clarified. The term "globalism" is become overused, and often misused. In fact we might say that it has actually been devaluated to the level of the everyday language of buzzwordbrandishing marketing pundits. Such freewheeling use has perhaps prompted many MBA/CEOs (or future MBA/CEOs) to launch into a global plan or strategy without proper consideration of the demands and dynamics of the international marketplace. Many would-be globetrotters neglect the acquisition of language skills, knowledge of foreign trade containing exportation concepts such as tariffs, quotas, and customs tax laws, accounting standards, etc. all of which are necessary to "effectively" go global. Superficial knowledge only leads to failure. As international cooperation increasingly growing in importance and world community loudly called upon globalization, it is very crucial to observe how euro establishes its durability. The relation between the U.S dollar and the European Union Euro directly affects the U.S. Firms and their international counterparts. To begin to appreciate this * MBA, Webster University Lecturer, Yasar University


The paper presents a new technique for the botnets' detection in the corporate area networks. It is based on the usage of the algorithms of the artificial immune systems. Proposed approach is able to distinguish benign network traffic from malicious one using the clonal selection algorithm taking into account the features of the botnet's presence in the network. An approach present the main improvements of the BotGRABBER system. It is able to detect the IRC, HTTP, DNS and P2P botnets.


A polarization-based shearing speckle interferometer requires the incoming scattered light to have proper polarization characteristics: the light should be equally distributed over two orthogonal polarization states in order to obtain two interfering beams with equal intensities and the highest possible modulation. Many surfaces scatter linearly polarized light randomly, providing equal intensities for the interfering beams on average. However, when a diffusely reflecting metallic surface is illuminated by a linearly polarized laser beam, the polarization direction of the illuminating beam is retained to a large extent in the scattered light. As a result light entering the interferometer will not be randomly polarized, which may lead to low modulation due to unbalanced object and reference beams. A solution that handles the problem effectively is proposed. It consists of a quarter-wave plate positioned in front of the interferometer, oriented at 45°. It is shown that unfavourable predominant polarization states encountered when testing unprepared metallic surfaces can be converted into favourable ones, thereby obtaining well balanced object and reference beams, irrespective of the polarization direction of the incoming light.


The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted women's lives. Many already juggled two full-time jobs, that of employee and that of primary homemaker and caregiver; the pandemic exacerbated these challenges. Unprecedented numbers left paid employment altogether, some by choice, some by necessity, and others by jobs that disappeared. Disruptions may have lasting consequences for gender equality in the workplace. The pandemic exacerbated existing barriers in the workplace, augmented by the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity that contributes to challenges women of color and immigrant and migrant women face. The chapter covers how the pandemic has exacerbated barriers and challenges, how it affected women's labor force participation and work and home lives, and the economic and social consequences. The chapter also covers new challenges and opportunities and current and emerging research and policies. The chapter concludes with consideration of implications for supports and policy and recommendations for further research.


With the increasing popularity of the Semantic Web, more and more data models are being published daily in the form of ontologies, micro-formats or micro-data. This increase in the amount of models and their heterogeneity is becoming a global scale integration problem. We propose a decentralized and scalable multi-agent negotiation process for ontology alignment that exploits an underlying social network communication structure and SNA measures and algorithms.


The effects of cadmium on the proline content,MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities of four turfgrasses species were tested.The results showed that under the cadmium stress,the contents of proline and MDA of four turfgrasses species were significantly higher than the control,and they also increased with the increasing of cadmium ion concentration.The effect of cadmium on the antioxidant enzyme activity of Kentucky bluegrass was significant,while the lower concentration of cadmium had little effects on perennial ryegrass,tall fescue and white clover,but when the concentration of cadmium was higher,the effects became remarkable.


Objective To investigate the effects of different frequency of vibration strain on cell cycle, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity in cranium osteoblast of 1 day old SD rat in vitro. Methods Osteoblasts were subjected to vibration strain of magnitude(0.5 g,g-the earth acceleration) and different frequency(3-10 Hz、15-30 Hz、25-45 Hz、50-80 Hz、80-100 Hz) by using vibration strain loading system respectively. The cell cycle of the cell was detected by the Flow Cytometry, MTT colorimetric method was used to assess the proliferation, ALP activity was detected by ALP assay kit.Results Quickened circulation of cell cycle, increased cell proliferation and enhanced ALP activity were observed when the cells were exposed to vibration strain at 15-30 Hz、25-45 Hz frequency(P0.01).In contrast, exposure of osteoblasts to vibration strain(at 80-100 Hz and 3-100 Hz) resulted in down-regulated circulation of cell cycle(P0.01)and cell proliferation was inhibited at 80-100 Hz frequency(P0.01),lower ALP activity was detected at 50-80 Hz and 80-100 Hz frequency(P0.01).Conclusion Different frequency of vibration strain can affect the circulation of cell cycle,the cell proliferation and ALP activity, and the optimum frequency of promoting the proliferation and differentiation in osteoblast is 15-45 Hz.


The present invention provides a lorry bogie of large axle load and low power. The bogie comprises a wheel pair, a side frame, a swinging pillow, an axle box, a basic braking device, a single-stage suspension device, a two-stage suspension device and a side bearing. The side frame is arranged on the wheel pair through the single-stage suspension device, so that the side frame becomes the sprung mass; the swinging pillow is arranged on the side frame through the two-stage suspension device; the side bearing is arranged on the swinging pillow; the basic braking device is hanged on the swinging pillow, so as to become the sprung mass; the two-stage suspension device is a linking mechanism of a cylindrical rubber spring and a steel circular spring, and is arranged in the space which is formed by the bottom chord of the side frame and the lower part of the terminal of the swinging pillow; a pre-tightening rubber pad is arranged between the upper part of the terminal of the swinging pillow and the top chord of the side frame. The structure is simple; the strength reserve of the swinging pillow, the side frame and other key components is further improved; and the lorry bogie satisfies the requirement for increasing the axle load, reduces the unsprung mass, reduces the action of the wheel rail, realizes the low-power action, and improves the vehicle running quality.


Objective:To observe the effect of Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG) on the behavior and senile plaques in model rats of Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods:AD models were made by injection of Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus under the three-dimensional goniometry.Alteration of the behavior of the model rats were measured by Y-electric maze.Changes of senile plaques were observed with histological measure.Results:In model group,the number of electric-stimulus and SP in hippocampus significantly decreased in model rats (P0.05,P0.01);after treatment with TSG,it correspondingly decreased in model rats (P0.05).Conclusion: TSG can improve the learning and memory capacity and inhibit SP deposition in hippocampus structure.


ABSTRACT As an emerging learning platform, game-based immersive virtual reality learning environments (GIVRLEs) have the potential to solve difficult teaching problems. This study designed a GIVRLE by integrating knowledge of quadratic functions into gameplay. Forty seventh graders who had never acquired that knowledge played the game and took pre- and posttests. An additional 60 seventh graders took the same math tests as controls. The results showed significant improvements in math achievement and learning motivation between the pre- and posttests among students who played the game. No enhancement of math achievement was found in the control students. The playability survey and user experience questionnaire verified the suitability of the game. The findings indicate that a GIVRLE is a suitable tool for addressing teaching difficulties in K–12. The notion of intrinsic integration between learning content and gameplay based on simulated daily activity tasks is further discussed.


Circuit breaker with - an interruptible contact means (3) for conducting current, - a short-circuit triggering device (2) for interrupting the contact device (3) with a short circuit event, which includes a movable armature (22), - an overload tripping device for interrupting the contact facility in an overload event, and - is connected to a display device (6) connected to the short-circuit triggering device (2) and / or optionally the overload release device, and is clearly the short circuit event or the overload event or both clearly separated with the representable / are, wherein said display means (6) is a spring-supported , movable display element (61), characterized, in that the display device is designed as a pin (6), in which the armature (22) engages in order to fix it into a first, preloaded position, wherein by a change in position of the armature (22), unlocking of the pin (6) for movement in a second position takes place.


Toshiba participated in the Monolingual and Bilingual IR tasks at NTCIR-5 CLIR using the BRIDJE system. We submitted 24 runs covering three topic languages (Japanese, English and Chinese) and two document languages (Japanese and English), and achieved the highest performances in the E-J-T, EJ-D, C-J-T, C-J-D, J-E-T and J-E-D subtasks. This paper (re-)examines Partial Disambiguation and the Pivot Language approach for Bilingual IR, Selective Sampling with memory Resetting for Mono/Bilingual IR and a new Monolingual IR strategy called Bounceand-Throw, using the Geometric Mean versions of Average PrecisionandQ-measurein additionto the standard Arithmetic Mean ones. Our analyses show that the Geometric Mean, which focusses on the "harder" topics, provides new insight into retrieval effectiveness evaluation.


Rail Cabin Argillite and overlying Graylock Formation are uppermost Triassic and lowermost Jurassic marine rock units in the Suplee-Izee area in eastern Oregon and provide a record of the Triassic/Jurassic System boundary. At the type locality for the Rail Cabin Argillite (Morgan Mountain), the system boundary beds occur at the top of the formation, are approximately 60 m thick, and lack macrofossils. Just below that interval, the formation yields Late Triassic fossils assigned to the Columbianus Zone. Above, in the Graylock Formation, are found Early Jurassic (late Hettangian) fossils belonging to the Morganense Zone. At a second locality (Camp Faraway), a reworked block in the Graylock Formation reveals the first Rhaetian fossils from Oregon: Arcestes cf. gigantogaleatus and an indeterminate ostreid shell fragment. The sequence is compared to a Nevada section in the Gabbs Valley Range, which may serve as the standard of reference for the system boundary. New species described include the bivalves Agerchlamys boellingi and Kalentera (?) lawsi and the ammonites Sagenites striata, S. minaensis, Choristoceras shoshonensis, C. robustum, Vandaites newyorkensis, Cycloceltites tozeri, and Gabboceras delicatum. Gabboceras is a new genus. New biochronologic units include the Striata and Minaensis subzones and the Newyorkensis and Rhaeticum zones.


Although usually taken for granted, it is anything but clear that prosodic elements are organized into autonomous prosodic structures such as intonational phrases. A framework is outlined within which the structural and communicative organization of prosodic elements in samples of natural discourse might be discovered inductively. The framework assumes that the structural organization of a stretch of speech consists of the set of recurrent patterns it contains (including prosodic patterns), and that such patterns are recognizable to speakers. It is further hypothesized that in the normal or usual case, logically independent patterns (e.g., the placement of pauses vs. the placement of intonational cadences) will converge or unify; and that if they do not unify, speakers may draw special pragmatic inferences from this fact. Three samples of natural speech are analyzed in order to present the approach and demonstrate three key properties of the prosodic structure that it uncovers: (a) the potential independence of prosodic patterns and thematic structure; (b) the potential for bundles of prosodic elements to recur as prosodic 'macrostructures,' often associated by speakers with particular styles, contexts, and social personas; (c) the potential for prosodic patterns (and elements) to carry meaning that is iconic in character, but regulated by culturally specific conventions and practices. 0. PROSODIC ELEMENTS When we speak of prosody, we are concerned with phonological and phonetic elements such as the following. Let us call them PROSODIC ELEMENTS: • Pausing. (Including structural pauses after whole utterances, rhetorical pauses, micropauses, apparent hesitations and disfluencies.) • Other durational modulations. (Including final lengthening, anacrusis, 'rhetorical lengthening,' local rhythmic and arrhythmic patterning.) • Stress and related features. • Pitch targets. (H,L, possibly rises and falls.) 241 • Pitch alignments (to prominent syllables, word edges, and other sites, cf. Pierrehumbert and Beckman 1988). • Pitch scaling. (Including initialization, initial raising, final lowering, downstep, and catathesis (Hirschberg & Pierrehumbert 1986).) • Segmental sandhi processes. (E.g., American English Flapping, French Liaison (Nespor & Vogel 1986).) • Prosodic reshaping. (Including 'Rhythm rules' (Liberman and Prince 1977), phrasal truncation (Sapir 1949), refooting rules (Woodbury 1987b, 1992).) • Voice quality modifications. (Including falsetto, breathy and creaky voice, pharyngealization, vibrato (Miller 1992), phrase-final devoicing (Michelson 1991).)


Abstract Although excelling in mathematics can be socially stigmatizing, is it a social stigma to be deficient in mathematics? Over 1000 undergraduate students were questioned as to the embarrassment level they would feel for various deficiencies (including mathematical and nonmathematical situations). Results reveal that most students (including mathematics majors) do not find it embarrassing to make a mathematical mistake, but do find it embarrassing to make nonmathematical mistakes. Implications include the difficulty of teaching K-12 mathematics if the discipline is not valued. Introduction Research has shown that excelling in mathematics can cause students to feel socially stigmatized (Manor-Bullock, Look, & Dixon, 1995). However, might the opposite also be true? That is: Do students also feel socially stigmatized for being deficient in mathematics? It has been suggested that students do feel stigmatized if they are illiterate (Beder, 1991), but what happens if they are innumerate? Stigma is a strong word. Sociologists use the word to mean some characteristic of a person that causes the person to hold an inferior social position or social standing. For example, people who are honest have a higher social standing than people who are dishonest. Dishonesty can cause a social stigma. If the stigma is not extensive, one might call it a failing, a shortcoming, or a handicap (Goffman, 1963). The stigmatized person tends to accept the stigma. As mentioned, research has shown a social stigma for excelling in mathematics. Is there a social stigma for being deficient in mathematics? Mathematics education is undergoing reform, mostly because of the view that traditional mathematics education has not been successful, but also due to the changing nature of technology, and the increasing volume of mathematics education research (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000). However, no matter what reforms are introduced, mathematics education will not improve if society does not truly care that mathematics knowledge improves. Research has shown that attitudes and beliefs are formed by social forces and predict academic performance (Kloosterman, Raymond, & Emenaker, 1996; Lester, 2002; Singh, Granville, & Dika, 2002). If there is no societal pressure against mathematical ignorance, there will not be sufficient motivation for some K-12 grade students to learn mathematics (Day, Borkowski, Dietmeyer, Howsepian, & Saenz, 1992). Related Research Researchers have examined student and teacher attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about the school subject of mathematics. Although teachers' beliefs are very important for the teaching and learning of mathematics, they are not necessarily reflective of society's beliefs about mathematics (Cooney & Shealy, 1997). In particular, examining mathematics teachers' beliefs about mathematics will not tell us what society thinks about mathematical ignorance. McLeod (1992) writes about students' beliefs, attitudes, and emotions. He outlines the belief domain in terms of beliefs about mathematics, the sell; mathematics teaching, and the social context. Researchers are recognizing that students' (and teachers', for that matter) beliefs about mathematics are embedded in the school setting, the educational system, and in society (Greer, Verschaffel, & De Corte, 2002). Yet, research into society's influence on students' attitudes about mathematics is only in the beginning stages (Boaler, 1999). Recent research has demonstrated the positive changes in student attitudes under National Council of Teachers of Mathematics aligned curricula (Senk & Thompson, 2003). The Third International Mathematics and Science Study data reveal that most secondary students feel it is important to do well in mathematics. However, not very many students wanted a future job that used mathematics, nor thought that doing well in mathematics was important for their future employment. …


It is demonstrated with examples how to export all the field value of a record into a word document which based on template.


Epidemiological studies on depression have indicated the effect of genetic factor,divergent conclusions have been got in linkage and association studies,which involving some candidate genes,such as 5-HT receptor gene,dopamine receptor gene,monoamine oxidase gene,etc.Recently,most experiments suggested that,genetic susceptibility to depression is most likely polygenic,which is based on the interaction of physiological,psychological and environmental factors.


The graduation practice and design is a comprehensive education process in cultivating talents in the university. It becomes more difficult due to the increasing graduates and the employment pressure. According to the analysis of some critical problems, such as the similar subject and incompact management etc., especially the investigation in graduation design in recent years, the paper prompts a bi-directional model in subject selection based on rule base and the process management mechanism in time stream. Meanwhile, the system of process management and quality control of graduation design in the university based on Web has been developed, which makes the process of graduation design more effective. The process management and quality control of graduation design is improved.


In Volume 12, Supplement 5 (2000), of Inhalation Toxicology you published the consensus report of an expert panel. The panel evaluated data on the toxicity of Eclipse, a new cigarette developed by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR). A news item in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute mentioned that RJR had already produced some of this evidence at a meeting in summer 1996 at Duke University (Steimle, 1996). According to the news report, most of the invited scientists felt that more data from non-tobacco-industry laboratories might be needed before any assessment could be made about the risk that arises to smokers of this new cigarette. The report in Inhalation Toxicology covers the database accumulated by RJR scientists, contract laboratories, and universities. The general conclusions are that, indeed, Eclipse offers an option to the smoker that may represent a reduced risk when compared to the smoking of conventional cigarettes. The presented data certainly support this conclusion. At the end of the report it is also stated, "The panel recognizes that as new data become available, perhaps certain modifications and conclusions addressed in this report would have to be considered." I would like to offer such a modification. The panel agrees with the RJR position that it does not appear to be practical or warranted to conduct inhalation studies, designed to detect eventually carcinogenic potential of the "smoke" produced by Eclipse. The panel stated that an acceptable inhalation animal model for evaluation of potential tumorigenicity does not exist. This judgment apparently is based on a recent review that came to the conclusion that no such reliable model had been developed (Coggins, 1998). However, the review by Coggins only discusses studies that were done with cigarette mainstream smoke. In 1997 we had published two papers that demonstrated that exposure of strain A mice to a mixture predominantly containing sidestream smoke reproducibly produces adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the lung (Witschi et al., 1997a, 1997b). This was in contrast to a previous study by Finch et al. (1996), who had found no effect of cigarette mainstream smoke in concentrations two to three times higher than used in our experiments. This raises the intriguing possibility that sidestream smoke is actually a more potent carcinogen than is mainstream smoke, a hypothesis supported by skin painting studies (Mohtashamipur et al., 1990). Regardless, however, our studies also showed that it is possible to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of tobacco smoke in an animal model. By now we have repeated this assay in a total of seven independent studies, always with the same result (Witschi, 2000). Our results have been duplicated and confirmed independently and in a different laboratory ( D'Agostini et al., 2001). In the same assay we also could demonstrate whether chemopreventive agents are effective or ineffective against tobacco smoke. It would thus seem to me that a reliable animal model for the study of tobacco smoke carcinogenicity is available. To what extent mouse lung tumors represent human lung adenocarcinoma is still under debate. There are by now many compelling reasons, such as similarities in oncogene mutations and signal transduction pathways, suggesting that they are a good model (Malkinson, 1998). Lung tumors in mice have become the preferred animal model to study the efficacy of putative chemopreventive agents


A flexible display apparatus includes: a flexible substrate; a display unit on the flexible substrate; and a thin-film encapsulating layer on the display unit. The thin-film encapsulating layer includes at least one organic layer and at least one inorganic layer. The inorganic layer comprises carbon having a concentration gradient distributed at an interface between the at least one organic layer and the at least one inorganic layer. A manufacturing method of the flexible display apparatus is also disclosed.


This article examines the possibilities and potential of spirituality in critical social work, both in relevant literature and in the views of participants in a research inquiry undertaken over the past two years. My purpose is twofold: first, to explore how critical conceptualizations of spirituality might alter the ways in which social workers frame social and individual change; and second, to suggest that it is imperative for critical social work to address spiritual issues.


The current paper features the problem of teaching foreignlanguage mining vocabulary to would-be translators / interpreters and mining students. The one-industry city environment poses a challenge in front of those higher education institutions that offer a master degree in translation: as long as the best jobs in the region are offered by coal-mining enterprises, developing language and translation skills is not enough. A professional translator in a coal-mining region has to be familiar with mining vocabulary, which, like in any other high-tech production sphere, seems either too abstract or too specific for an outsider. Bachelors in coal mining, on the other hand, demonstrate a lack of communication skills if they wish to get a master degree in translation. The article states Content and Language Integrated Learning method (CLIL) as a possible solution for the problem. The method allows the instructor to employ various authentic media sources within the mining works to build up topic cases for communication skills development at the initial stage as well as to extract terminology to compile thematic glossaries at a later stage of translation skills acquisition. The paper includes some examples of CLIL application in teaching translation for coal-mining industry purposes.


Though the sensitivity of the patient to noxious stimulation has long been recognized as an important factor in relation to symptom production, its quantitative assessment has received little attention. While it is common for clinicians to express an opinion on the sensitivity of the patient, usually when surprised by an apparent excess or absence of pain, such opinions are almost invariably unsupported by any evidence of the patient's threshold of pain complaint. That such differences in pain sensitivity as expressed by the threshold of pain complaint can be quantitated meaningfully in relation to the pain of cardiac infarction is the theme of this paper.


ABSTRACT This essay argues that any real and convincing form of 'global' intellectual history must necessarily be more than the familiar western European intellectual history writ large. Further, the purpose of bringing other parts of the world into the discussion cannot be simply to use them as a foil for a reflection on Europe, by looking for example at whether the Chinese courtiers who encountered the Jesuits in the Qing court of Kangxi (1661–1722) failed or succeeded in grasping the opportunities that were offered to them. Using the idea of geographical scale flexibly, the essay focuses on the idea of 'intellectual networks', drawing largely on examples from central and western Eurasia, and above all the Islamic world. The variety of sources in different genres that can be used, notably biographical dictionaries (or tazkiras), gives the exercise a particular richness in the world from the eastern Mediterranean to South Asia.


Microbial transformations of ent-atisene and ent-beyerene compounds were carried out using cultures of R. nigricans and F. moniliforme. Rhizopus nigricans metabolized all of the substrates, at higher yields than F. moniliforme, to give an ent-3β hydroxylation (60-65% for ent-atisenes and 80-85% for ent-beyerenes). Moreover, the double bond of the ent-beyerene skeleton was epoxidized by both fungi at lower yields (3-6%). Fusarium moniliforme produced a number of additional minor products by hydroxylation at other positions.


ABSTRACT Five candidate cotton varieties namely; VH-282, MNH-886, IUB-222, CIM-598 and BH-178 were evaluated for their yield performance in National Coordinated Bt Trials at three locations of Sindh Province for two years (2011 and 2012 cotton seasons). Results revealed that during 2011, varieties showed statistically highly significant differences at one location (CCRI, Sakrand), whereas, on remaining two locations (CRS, Mirpurkhas and ARI, Tandijam), non-significant differences were observed among the varieties. During 2012, statistically highly significant differences were observed at two locations (CCRI, Sakrand and CRS, Mirpurkhas), whereas, on third location (ARI, Tandojam), the varietal differences were not significant. As regards the yield performance, on an average of two years, highest yield of 1516 kg/ha produced by IUB-222 followed by VH-282 and BH-178 which gave 1332 and 1299 kg/ha seed cotton yield respectively. The lowest yield of 1119 kg/ha was produced by CIM-598. It is recommended that variety IUB-222 is may be sown for general cultivation in whole of Sindh province.


This paper 'Some Factors and Situations of Language Change' looks into the causes of language change. It analyzes the external influences such as geography, contact, and social dynamics of language change. Language Change sometimes suggests progress and sometimes decay. The progress may enhance the language, its systems, the prestige of its speakers and the decay may mean sometimes the extinction of the language itself. Every Language is subject to change. The change suggests the progress in many cases and decay in few. As the habits of the people change when they encounter new situations, new cultures, and new people so also a language. Contras-tively, we have another situation, the habits of the people may also change when they get separated from old (acquainted, or familiar) situations, old (acquainted, or familiar) cultures, old (acquainted, or familiar) people, so also a language, when it goes out of contact with an old situation and old culture. This in reality places us in the discussion of language change caused by external factors, mainly geographical.


Nowadays government officials who engage in politics should adopt a practical attitude to serve people. Focusing on it, hew to build up good and healthy government officials' images are proposed in details.


In this article the practical importance of introducing limitations into the genome editing procedure is considered. Diagnostics and editing of the genome provided great opportunities for counteracting many rather serious diseases. However, such clinical work can radically affect a person and his/her further development. In this regard, it is important to balance between the ethical and reasonable component that should be reflected in regulatory legal acts that determine limitations for misuse. In the context of maintaining legal, organizational and other ethical limitations, it is necessary to define their reasonable boundaries for the further development of science and, accordingly, medical care for the population. When writing this article, the methods of collecting and studying singularities, the generalization methods, the scientific abstraction methods, as well as the method of inquiry into regularities have been used. In the study it has been concluded that the genome editing naturally generates information about each test subject or patient that must be efficiently protected and rationally used in the future. That is why it is reasonable to start developing limitations aimed at specific gene therapy procedures, in terms of the inadmissibility of intervention in the development of the fetus at the late stages of its growth, which can also be a subject for the further scientific research.


Ad Hoc Networks is a multi - hop wireless network with dynamically changing network connectivity owing to mobility. It consists of a collection of wireless mobile nodes it will act without the use of any existing infrastructure or centralized administration. With this flexibility, networks can be formed anywhere, at any time, as long as two or more wireless users are willing to communicate. In such a dynamic network routing is a challenging problem Different routing protocols are designed assuming certain mobility patterns of the mobile nodes in the network. However the choice of mobility pattern may favor certain protocols over the others. Hence it is necessary to study the performance of different routing protocols under different mobility models. In this work two mobility models with high mobility and Low mobility constraints have been considered which mirror the realistic mobility patterns of the mobility nodes with high mobility and low mobility. The two reactive protocols AODV and DSR are examined based on the traces derived for each of these mobility models for various speed of the mobile nodes, Traffic and Node Density in the network. An analysis of the results obtained from the simulations shows that the AODV protocols in Boundless Simulation Area model performs better than DSR. Based on the observations, it is to suggest that AODV routing protocol can be used under high mobility since it outperforms DSR protocols.


The combination of lightweight and large-scale interoperability of Web services together with the 24/spl times/7 access of mobile devices represent a powerful platform for the development and delivery of pervasive and cost-effective healthcare applications and systems. We provide practical, step-by-step instruction as well as best practices for developing and deploying enterprise-class Web services and applications using J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition).


Auroville Consulting is an environmental consulting firm, founded in 2010, that works to create an environmentally-friendly and socially responsible world. One of Auroville Consulting's projects, the Solar Village Initiative, works to address the effects of energy poverty by installing on-grid solar panels and solar generation systems in rural villages throughout rural Tamil Nadu., with the Solar Village Search Engine as a crowdfunding tool for the project. By performing dayto-day tasks pertaining to communications, journalism, social media, and promotions for the Solar Village Search Engine at Auroville Consulting; participating in in-office discussion; and living and working in Auroville, I was able to improve my communication skills, gain a better understanding of energy poverty and renewable energy, and understand what it means to be a part of an international community and workplace.


We present the first simultaneous observations of chorus activity and energetic particles from near-geosynchronous orbit by using data from the Aerospace Corporation VLF receiver and the UCSD charged particle detector on the SCATHA satellite. We find that, for the 5 days studied, June 23–27, 1979, every encounter with injected clouds of energetic electrons was accompanied by chorus activity. We conclude that dawnside chorus is generated by substorm-injected, anisotropic clouds of electrons with energies between 10 and 100 keV.


Main features of the Archean gold deposits spatial distribution are outlined. Geology and ore composition of two deposits within the Canadian shield distinguished by tectonic position and host rock lithology are described. Delineation of two separate genetic types of the Archean gold deposits, orogenic and granitoid-related, similar to Phanerozoic accretion-collision belts is validated on that basis.


Abstract This study investigated the effects of Participatory Learning Technique (PLT) on achievement andattitude of B.Ed. students of the Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, in Educational Research Methods. This wasnecessitated by the investigator's worry over the continued poor performance of these students in this course whomin addition seemed not to be bothered about such gross failures. A sizeable number of them failed to graduate at thestipulated time. Using a Randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest design and a t-test for independent samples (n= 30), it was found that the PLT group scored significantly higher on both criterion variables. It was concluded thatthe PLT was effective in not only enhancing learning output of the students but also in developing positive andfavourable attitude towards the subject. It was therefore recommended that lecturers in this subject area should as amatter of importance create active participation of students in classroom teaching to maximize outcomes.


Background: Twelve subjects were tested before and after using the BioMat for 1 hour daily over a 3‐month period using three different biofeedback devices and blood cortisol levels to measure stress reduction. Far infrared/negative ion amethyst BioMat reduces stress by 78%, as validated by pre‐ and post‐biofeedback brain scans, as well as fasting blood test to measure the stress hormone cortisol. The core of the BioMat technology is a combination of far infrared rays, negative ion effects and the conductive properties of amethyst channels. These powerful health stimulators are combined in a single, easy‐to‐use product with remarkable healing properties. The BioMat delivers soothing, deep‐penetrating heat, while stimulating the regeneration of damaged cells in the body. It is a safe and natural way to achieve optimal health now, and maintain a stronger, more resilient body in the future. This effective therapy is now available to medical professionals and home consumers who want to improve health and wellbeing with products based on Nobel prize‐winning scientific research pioneered by NASA and developed using pure, natural materials. The BioMat is an approved medical device by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Objectives of the study: Examine the key benefits of the infrared negative ion amethyst BioMat for stress reduction and fatigue, relieving anxiety and promoting relaxation, improving sleep patterns, reducing inflammation, easing joint pain and stiffness, and eliminating toxins in from body.


1. INTRODUCTION 399 2. DEFINITIONS 401 3. CIS BASEPAIRS 410 3.1 Cis Watson–Crick/Watson–Crick 410 3.2 Wobble pairings 411 3.3 Cis Watson–Crick/Hoogsteen pairings 416 3.4 Bifurcated pairings 417 3.5 Cis open and water-inserted 421 4. TRANS BASEPAIRS 423 4.1 Trans Watson–Crick/Watson–Crick 423 4.2 Trans wobble pairs 424 4.3 Trans Watson–Crick/Hoogsteen pairs 424 4.4 Trans Hoogsteen/Hoogsteen pairs 430 4.5 Trans bifurcated pairings 432 5. SHALLOW-GROOVE PAIRINGS 432 5.1 Hoogsteen/Shallow-groove pairs 433 5.2 Watson–Crick/Shallow-groove pairings 438 5.3 Shallow-groove/Shallow-groove pairings 440 6. SIDE-BY-SIDE BASES 446 7. DEFINING A LIBRARY OF ISOSTERIC PAIRINGS 446 8. CONCLUSIONS 451 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 452 10. REFERENCES 452 RNA molecules fold into a bewildering variety of complex 3D structures. Almost every new RNA structure obtained at high resolution reveals new, unanticipated structural motifs, which we are rarely able to predict at the current stage of our theoretical understanding. Even at the most basic level of specific RNA interactions – base-to-base pairing – new interactions continue to be uncovered as new structures appear. Compilations of possible non-canonical base-pairing geometries have been presented in previous reviews and monographs (Saenger, 1984; Tinoco, 1993). In these compilations, the guiding principle applied was the optimization of hydrogen-bonding. All possible pairs with two standard H-bonds were presented and these were organized according to symmetry or base type. However, many of the features of RNA base-pairing interactions that have been revealed by high-resolution crystallographic analysis could not have been anticipated and, therefore were not incorporated into these compilations. These will be described and classified in the present review. A recently presented approach for inferring basepair geometry from patterns of sequence variation (Gautheret & Gutell, 1997) relied on the 1984 compilation of basepairs (Saenger, 1984), and was extended to include all possible single H-bond combinations not subject to steric clashes. Another recent review may be consulted for a discussion of the NMR spectroscopy and thermodynamic effects of non-canonical ('mismatched') RNA basepairs on duplex stability (Limmer, 1997).


We experimentally investigate the average shapes of magnetization avalanches with the goal to understand the origin of their time asymmetry. We performed measurements on amorphous and polycrystalline magnetic materials, showing that the asymmetry can depend on several parameters, such as the applied field rate, and the duration and size of the avalanche itself. We suggest, as a possible explanation, to investigate the effect of the eddy currents on the measured signal.


The Red Sea ports of the period between the seventh and fifteenth centuries A D/an archaeological synthesis and comparative study


Polyurethane-imide is a very promising material.In this paper,the advances for polyurethane-imide copolymer were reviewed.The synthesis of linear PUI and PUI networks,including interpenetrating PUI(PUIIPN),was introduced in detail.The advantage and disadvantage of synthesis routines of linear PUI made by polyurethane prepolymer,polyimide prepolymer,NCO block-deblock method or one-step method were detailedly discussed.The relationship between structure and properties(including mechanical properties,dynamical properties and thermal properties) for PUI was discussed.It was also concluded and predicted that solvent used in preparation of PUI limits the applications of PUI,and PUI from bulk polymerization will be widely concerned.


This article analyzes some trends of television investigative journalism from the analysis of a reportage transmitted by TVI: "Secrets of the Gods". Designated as the "first information series" of that private channel, 10 episodes were shown, making it the longest news story ever broadcast on Portuguese television. The serialization corresponds to an option typical of fiction genres, implying levels of redundancy and style effects that are usually absent from the information genres. We conclude that this reportage follows the trend towards the hybridization of genres and formats, posing new interpretive and ethical challenges in the reception and reading of these journalistic contents.


Objective To compare the cognitive function of type 2 diabetic cases with diabetic microangiopathy and that of type 2 diabetic cases without diabetic micro- angiopathy, to provide evidence for clinical instruction. Methods There were 20 type 2 diabetic cases with diabetic micro-angiopathy and 23 type 2 diabetic cases without diabetic micro-angiopathy. The cognitive function were evaluated by the scores of MMSE, vocabulary learning, vocabulary memory, vocabulary recognition, visual memory, thought judgment, spatial skill, verbal fluency, construction speed and spatial executive function. Results The scores of MMSE and thought judgment ability in type 2 diabetic cases with diabetic micro-angiopathy were significantly lower than that in normal control group(P < 0. 05). Conclusions There was cognitive functions impair in type 2 diabetic cases with diabetic micro-angiopathy group, The corresponsive nursing strategy must be carried out.

Key words:
Senile;  Type 2 diabetes;  Diabetic micro-angiopathy ;  Cognitive;  Nurse


The research study presented in this paper compares three treatment scenarios for organic municipal waste in the context of Cochabamba, Bolivia and quantifies greenhouse gas emissions using two methods. The options are: 1) disposal of organic waste at a landfill; 2) treatment by anaerobic digestion; 3) treatment by composting. Two different approaches to quantify greenhouse gas emissions of the waste treatment scenarios were applied: a) the methodology used in CDM projects to calculate Certified Emission Reductions (CERs); and b) the Life Cycle Analysis technique used in research and academia. Both methods show that treatment of organic waste has a large emission reduction potential when compared to landfill disposal. CDM methodology underestimates the effective emissions. Additionally, for composting the default value only seems to be accurate when good operational practices are guaranteed. For the case of Cochabamba the unfavourable climatic conditions result in a rather low potential to obtain certified emission reductions.


We report a series of multi-step flow operations to deliver an advanced hydrazine intermediate used in the assembly of the neurotensin modulator SR 142948A. Several new reactor configurations have enabled chemical transformations that would be otherwise difficult or dangerous to perform at scale. Overall the flow approach has allowed the preparation of kilogram quantities of the required hydrazine through a short and efficient route.


We present a technique to track moving object in a video sequences created by still camera. Contours of each frame is detected using EDContours. Background model obtained with three point estimation technique is created from contour maps of video sequence. Differences between contour map of current frame and background model is our target frame. Post-processing operations are applied to the target frame to reduce noises and moving objects are revealed. Last, objects are inclosed with bounding box. Performance of our work is determined using with bounding boxes, considered as trackers.


In recent years, several studies have attempted to extend biologically inspired (bio-inspired) algorithms to distributed resource-allocation schemes. In this paper, we present an algorithm representative of the class of bio-inspired resource allocation algorithm and propose a new distributed resource-allocation algorithm for fair sharing in ad-hoc networks. Through simulation, We show that the proposed algorithm works well in a multi-hop network environment, with all nodes in the ad-hoc network evenly sharing resources with their two-hop neighbors in a non-overlapping way.


The detection of radio signals using object detection algorithms is one of the applications of deep learning in the realm of communication. However, due to the vast size of deep neural networks, inference takes longer and is more challenging to install on mobile terminals. In this paper, we present a lightweight radio detector (L-RadioYOLO), which requires fewer parameters for faster and more accurate radio signal location. Our model leverages the lightweight network GhostNet as its backbone to reduce parameters. Furthermore, YOLOV4 was used as a teacher detector to transfer knowledge to our model throughout the knowledge distillation process. We run experiments on several detectors with varying backbones, and the results show that our model achieves an Average Precision (AP) of 96.01% which is just 0.8% lower than baseline (YOLOV4), while the scale of parameters is reduced to 1/6 of baseline.


Energy-gain spectra for single-electron capture by O2 2+ ions colliding with Ar, He and N2 have been measured at an impact energy of 100 eV and 0? scattering angle by means of translational energy-gain spectroscopy.