Summary The emphasis on more overt managerial actions by primary school head teachers is considered, in relation to the effects of this change on their work‐styles. Methods of studying managerial work are highlighted before the outcomes of North American and Australian research on elementary school principalship are offered. The lack of systematisation and the methodological weaknesses in the British research on primary headship are highlighted, while a survey of recent research reveals the limited knowledge. It is argued that systematic study of head teacher activity could be a valuable tool in refining models for head teacher development.


OBJECTIVE
In the management of epilepsy, as a chronic disorder, one should remember the factors which differentiate the patients so that they may be classified into groups with common characteristics. Using gender as a differentiating criterion, we tried to systematize the factors which should be considered when studying and treating a female patient with epilepsy.

DEVELOPMENT
The factors to be taken into account are biological such as the sex hormones or of psychosocial type such those related to the stigma, which may have special characteristics depending on gender. Once these factors had been systematized, we reviewed the clinical use of gabapentin from the point of view of the group considered.

CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that special guidelines should be used according to the patient s gender. This review considers the female gender. The rational use of gabapentin, as monotherapy or polytherapy plays an important part in fulfilling the requirements described.


We consider how galaxy clustering data, from Mpc to Gpc scales, from upcoming large scale structure surveys, such as Euclid and DESI, can provide discriminating information about the bispectrum shape arising from a variety of inflationary scenarios. Through exploring in detail the weighting of shape properties in the calculation of the halo bias and halo mass function we show how they probe a broad range of configurations, beyond those in the squeezed limit, that can help distinguish between shapes with similar large scale bias behaviors. We assess the impact, on constraints for a diverse set of non-Gaussian shapes, of galaxy clustering information in the mildly non-linear regime, and surveys that span multiple redshifts and employ different galactic tracers of the dark matter distribution. Fisher forecasts are presented for a Euclid-like spectroscopic survey of Hα-selected emission line galaxies (ELGs), and a DESI-like survey, of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and [O-II] doublet-selected ELGs, in combination with Planck-like CMB temperature and polarization data.While ELG samples provide better probes of shapes that are divergent in the squeezed limit, LRG constraints, centered below z<1, yield stronger constraints on shapes with scale-independent large-scale halo biases, such as the equilateral template. The ELG and LRG samples provide complementary degeneracy directions for distinguishing between different shapes. For Hα-selected galaxies, we note that recent revisions of the expected Hα luminosity function reduce the halo bias constraints on the local shape, relative to the CMB. For galaxy clustering constraints to be comparable to those from the CMB, additional information about the Gaussian galaxy bias is needed, such as can be determined from the galaxy clustering bispectrum or probing the halo power spectrum directly through weak lensing. If the Gaussian galaxy bias is constrained to better than a percent level then the LSS and CMB data could provide complementary constraints that will enable differentiation of bispectrum with distinct theoretical origins but with similar large scale, squeezed-limit properties.


Timing constraints verification for service flow has become indispensable since many services for e-business take into account temporal context. Currently, most researches disregard temporal factors. In this paper, we focus on bounded liveness property, one of most interesting timed properties. Specifically, we propose a modelling procedure that preserves the control flow of OWL-S Process Models. By using time ontology based on DAML-Time, OWL-S is extended with time constraints, which expresses time information. The Timed OWL-S is transformed to Timed Automata formal model, then we apply the automatic tool Uppaal for the verification of the bounded liveness property.


This article proposes an approach to solving the problem of regressors multicollinearity using the procedure of quasi-orthogonalization of data. The specified approach is based on the transformation of factors during their coding according to the rules of a full factorial experiment. It is shown that the proposed coding of factors leads to a reduction of multicollinearity of the data. This approach can be used both for building models based on short samples and for batch processing of Big Data.


L eptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by infection with the spirochete bacterium Leptospira inteTragons.L. interrogans is further divided on the basis of antigenic relatedness into serogroupsand serovars. Approximately 200 different serovars of L. interrogans have been identified, and within a geographic region, certain serovars are prevalent and becomeadapted to a particular maintenance host. In the United States, the serovars of L. interrogans most commonly associated with leptospirosis in swine are bratislava, pomona, and grippotyphosa. Serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and hardjo are also occasionally found in swine.


Study design, materials and methods The study comprised of women who participated in the prospective, longitudinal observational diagnostic accuracy of bladder ultrasound study (BUS) in the United Kingdom. 421 women with symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) and urge predominant mixed urinary incontinence completed the ICIQ-OAB questionnaire at initial visit and at 6 months. An overall score (0-16) was calculated for each woman, with greater values indicating increased symptom severity. In order to detect the MCID from baseline to 6 months, we applied: i) anchor based methods, calculating the difference between the ICIQ mean difference for those individuals who reported the smallest amount of improvement ('better') and those who reported no change ('same') at 6 months, and ii) distribution based methods, estimating a small (0.2SD) and a moderate effect size (0.5SD).


Pseudovascular adenoid squamous‐cell carcinoma (PASCC) is an epithelial malignancy with spindle‐cell features that can mimic vascular neoplasms, particularly angiosarcoma, in its morphologic characteristics. There have been only a few surgical pathology reports of PASCC arising in the lung, skin, and breast. We describe the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic and histologic features of a pulmonary PASCC in a 66‐yr‐old man. The aspiration yielded individually scattered and syncytial fragments of malignant epithelioid‐appearing cells with oval to spindle shapes, prominent nucleoli, and a finely vacuolated amphophilic cytoplasm. The core needle biopsy specimen displayed these same cells lining pseudoluminal spaces, with intervening bundles of fibroconnective tissue simulating a vascular neoplasm. The neoplastic cells stained positively with cytokeratin (AE‐1/3), epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin and were nonreactive with S‐100, muscle‐specific actin, CD31, CD34, and carcinoembryonic antigen. These cytologic, histologic, and immunocytochemical features supported a diagnosis of PASCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the FNA cytologic features of this pseudovascular variant of adenoid squamous‐cell carcinoma. This FNA case illustrates that the cytologic impression was more accurate and, in fact, that the histologic features of PASCC can be misleading. The correct identification of PASCC and its distinction from angiosarcoma has important clinical ramifications for treatment and prognosis. FNA cytologic examination with ancillary studies is a minimally invasive procedure that can distinguish PASCC from sarcomatous lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:265–270. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction The TranscreenerTM KINASE TR-FRET Assay is a competitive HTS assay that measures ADP, the invariant product of all kinase reactions. Previously we developed a monoclonal antibody and a fluorescent tracer that allow detection of ADP with >100-fold selectivity over ATP using a fluorescence polarization (FP) readout. To offer detection options to the HTS community, we formatted the TranscreenerTM KINASE Assay to detect ADP production using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET). A lanthanide chelate was conjugated to the ADP antibody and coupled with an ADP tracer to enable TR-FRET based immunodetection of ADP. The assay was validated for robust detection of kinase activity using both protein and peptide substrates as well as kinase inhibitor screening.


In this paper,the study area is Qufu in ShanDong Province,the landscape data is interpreted using Landsat TM images of 2005.The landscape ecology indices are applied to study landscape structure disparity and the density,size,shape,distribution law of rural settlements in the study area after getting the patch data of rural settlements.The results indicated that the mean scale of the rural settlements in plain area is 15.67 hm2,and that of the rural settlements in mountain areas is 7.94 hm2.In order to save each inch land and optimize the rural settlements distribution,the government should prompt the development of the cities as well as central villages.


The invention relates to a long-term sustained-release compound fertilizer, and specifically relates to a long-term sustained-release compound fertilizer with a nitrogen source of a by-product ammonium chloride which is obtained in a process for producing soda ash with a combined-soda process, and a preparation method thereof. In the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of effective components is that nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P2O5): potassium (K2O) =10-15:8-12:8-15, and a total nutrient content is 30-42. The nitrogen is obtained by mixing ammonium chloride and an ammonium stabilizer. According to the weight, ammonium chloride: the ammonium stabilizer=1:0.001-0.1, wherein the ammonium chloride is a by-product ammonium chloride obtained in a process for producing soda ash with a combined-soda process. The long-term sustained-release compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages of long-lasting effect and precise sustained-release agent target. The effectiveness of the composite fertilizer is improved, wherein nitrogen utilization rate of ammonium chloride is improved by 10-20 percentage points, and ammonium chloride utilization amount is reduced by 20-50%.


When analyzing the baseline system, we discovered that a word missing from the lattice tends to cause up to 3 word errors, and that such errors are hard to eradicate even with extremely powerful language models. We quanti ed the loss incurred when working from N -best lists as opposed to lattices, and consequently decided to use 1000-best lists. We learned that doubling the amount of language training data is likely to reduce the word error rate by no more than 2%. We experimented with rank histograms as an alternative measure of modeling progress. We found that a mismatch between segmentation information in the training and test data is a signi cant problem, and that it can be overcome to some extent by hypothesizing boundaries; linguistic boundries were found to be more informative than acoustic ones. Segment based error analysis revealed surprisingly that disuent segments are no more error prone than non-dis uent ones, and long segments are no more erroneous than short ones. Finally, word based error analysis yielded a list of features strongly correlated with word error.


Private equity (PE) refers to illiquid investments or securities that are not publicly traded on an exchange, such as venture capital, mezzanine or distressed debt, leveraged buyouts, timber, oil and gas properties, and real estate. A limited partnership agreement (LPA) defines the terms of the relationship between the general partners (GPs) and the limited partners (LPs). The structure and compensation arrangements used by PE firms are highly standardized and a working knowledge of frequently employed terms and arrangements of LPAs is important to understanding the division of the profits and the drivers of returns in the industry. This note describes some of the basic features of LPAs with a particular focus on the basic terminology and compensation practices that relate to GPs and LPs.
Excerpt
UVA-F-1731
Rev. Sept. 15, 2015
The Basics of Private Equity Funds
Private equity (PE) refers to illiquid investments or securities that are not publicly traded on an exchange. The investments can take many forms: venture capital (VC) (seed and early stage); mezzanine or distressed debt; leveraged buyouts; timber, oil, and gas properties; and real estate. The typical PE firm is organized as a limited partnership. The general partners (GPs) of the firm organize a fund and seek capital from the limited partners (LPs). A limited partnership agreement (LPA) defines the terms of the relationship between the GPs and LPs. The structure and compensation arrangements used by PE firms are highly standardized and a working knowledge of frequently employed terms and arrangements of LPAs is important to understanding the division of the profits and the drivers of returns in the industry. This note describes some of the basic features of LPAs with a particular focus on the basic terminology and compensation practices that relate to GPs and LPs.
The Basics
GPs invest in deals that they believe offer an opportunity to earn high risk-adjusted returns. To achieve this objective, they must find and evaluate deals and, when necessary, provide managerial and operational support to their investee companies. For the most part, GPs provide only a small portion of the funding for their investments (frequently 1% of the capital) and therefore they organize a fund and seek capital from LPs to fund their investments. Because of the high risk and illiquid nature of the assets, investors in PE funds are typically restricted to accredited investors. LPs include, among others, pensions and insurance companies, endowments, and high-net-worth individuals. GPs retain virtually all the important decision-making authority in a fund and, by comparison, LPs are usually passive investors with little say in the fund's direction.
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Introduction: Lorna Fitzsimmons (California State University) 1. Global Dominion And The Ambitions Of Faust: Arnd Bohm (Carleton University) 2. "Stand In Order, And Be Damn'd": William Mountfort's The Life And Death Of Doctor Faustus (1697): Judy A. Hayden (University of Tampa) 3. "Viel Larm Um Nichts?" Reading Sound In Faust I & II: Alan Corkhill (University of Queensland) 4. The Question Of Technology: Faust And Heidegger: Claudia Brodsky (Princeton University). 5. Much In The Mode Of Goethe's Mephistopheles: Faust And Byron: Fred Parker (University of Cambridge) 6. Coleridge's Translation Of Goethe's Faust: Frederick Burwick (UCLA) 7. The 'Faust' Legend in 20th and 21st century Music: Maria Lacche (University of Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) 8. The Myth Of Faust In The Works Of Klaus, Thomas, And Frido Mann: Leena Eilitta (University of Helsinki) 9. The Enchanted Hand: Faust And The European Art Film: Inez Hedges (Northeastern University) 10. The Reception Of Goethe's Faust In Asia: Adrian Hsia (McGill University) 11. Faust I In India: The Kathakali Adaptation: David G. John (University of Waterloo) 12. Faust And The Magus Tradition In The Rebel Angels By Robertson Davies: Richard Ilgner (Dalhousie University) 13. "The Devil Has All The Good Tunes": Faustian Rock: Paul Malone (University of Waterloo) 14. The Alchemy Of Power And Freedom - A Contextualisation Of Slobadan Snajder's Play Hrvatski Faust (The Croatian Faust): Duska Radosavljevic (University of Bristol) 15. Chinese Faust Productions: Antje Budde (Humboldt University) 16. Postcolonial Faust: Africa And Brazil: Katherina Keim (Ludwig Maximilians University) 17. Reality Just Arrived - Mark Ravenhill's Faust Is Dead: Bree Hadley (Queensland University of Technology) 18. The Performative Faust: The Symbolic Literative, The Liminal Interactive, The Reiterative Reenactive: Eric Hadley Denton (University of Applied Sciences in Berlin) Index.


The article proposes a mathematical model of the process of preparing a geoinformation monitoring system in predicting the development of a regional natural emergency. It is based on the use of the method of topological transformation of stochastic networks. A feature of the obtained solution is the result of comparing the initial data with the reference function, which makes it possible to determine the time for the implementation of the simulated process of predicting the development of a regional natural emergency. The developed algorithm is based on a model of interaction between the main parameters of the occurrence of a regional natural emergency and the possibility of using a geoinformation monitoring system. On the basis of the analysis carried out, quantitative estimates of the duration of the preparation interval for the geoinformation monitoring system were obtained.


Abstract Background Minimal literature exists to demonstrate the quantitative impact of bedside nurses in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). We initiated bedside nurse-driven AMS and infection prevention (AMS/IP) rounds on three inpatient telemetry units of a community regional medical center. Rounds were nurse-driven, involved an infectious diseases (ID) pharmacist and infection preventionist, and were designed to complement traditional ID pharmacist and ID physician AMS rounds. Rounds were focused on use of antibiotics, urinary catheters (UCs), and central venous catheters (CVCs). Recommendations from rounds were communicated by the bedside nurse either directly to providers or to the ID pharmacist and ID physician for intervention. Methods This was an observational, multiple-group, quasi-experimental study conducted over 3.5 years (July 2015 to December 2018) to characterize the impact of bedside nurse-driven AMS/IP rounds on antibiotic, urinary catheter and CVC use, hospital-onset C. difficile infection (CDI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Outcomes were assessed in two cohorts based on time of AMS/IP rounds implementation (Cohort 1 implemented on one telemetry unit in July 2016, Cohort 2 implemented in two telemetry units in January 2018). Results A total of 2,273 patient therapy reviews occurred (Cohort 1: 1,736; Cohort 2: 537). Of these reviews, 1,209 (53%) were antibiotics, 879 (39%) were urinary catheters, and 185 (8%) were CVCs. Pre- vs. post-intervention, significant reductions were observed in both cohorts for mean monthly antibiotic days of therapy per 1,000 patient-days (Cohort 1: 791 vs. 688, P < 0.001; Cohort 2: 615 vs. 492, P < 0.001), UC days per patient day (Cohort 1: 0.25 vs. 0.16, P < 0.001; Cohort 2: 0.19 vs. 0.14, P < 0.001), CVC days per patient day (Cohort 1: 0.15 vs. 0.11, = 0.002; Cohort 2: 0.09 vs. 0.07, p = 0.005), and CDI per 10,000 patient-days (Cohort 1: 17.8 vs. 7.1, p = 0.035; Cohort 2: 19.1 vs. 5.4, p = 0.003). Numerical reductions were observed in CAUTI and CLABSI per 10,000 patient-days. Conclusion Bedside nurses can improve AMS and IP outcomes in a scalable fashion when supported by an interdisciplinary AMS/IP team and are complimentary to traditional AMS and IP practices. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The application of flying shears in cut-to-length line and its development have been summarized in the text with its shearing principle,the classification and the working characteristics of driving mechanism,the advantages and disadvantages,and the application introduced.The problems in current manufacturing and research of the national flying shear have been presented with the prospect for the application of the flying shear in the steel rolling production line.


A hybrid matrix composed of a porous polyaniline underlayer, a robust bacterial biofilm and a multiwalled carbon nanotube overlayer has been demonstrated to function as highly active support for dispersed Pt catalytic nanoparticles during the electroreduction of carbon dioxide in neutral medium (phosphate buffer at pH 6.1). In contrast with bare Pt nanoparticles (deposited at a glassy carbon substrate), application of the hybrid system produces sizeable CO2-reduction currents in comparison to those originating from hydrogen evolution. The result is consistent with an enhancement in the reduction of carbon dioxide. However, the biofilm-based matrix tends to inhibit the catalytic properties of platinum towards proton discharge (competitive reaction) or even oxygen reduction. The hydrated structure permits easy unimpeded flow of aqueous electrolyte at the electrocatalytic interface. Although application of the polyaniline underlayer can be interpreted in terms of stabilization and improvement of the biofilm adherence, the use of carbon nanotubes facilitates electron transfer to Pt catalytic sites. It is apparent from the voltammetric stripping-type analytical experiments that, although formation of some methanol and methanoic acid cannot be excluded, carbon monoxide seems to be the main CO2-reduction product.


The essay deals with the relationship between childhood and industry consumption that today are actually two related indissolubly. The aim of this research is to understand whether, within the Italian context, the child consumer has the opportunity and means to grow up informed and aware. We wondered whether the company can also provide messages to young consumers and appropriate information, such as to encourage the development of critical skills that enable them to move successfully between the myriad challenges and market opportunities.


The EDA project "Detection in Urban scenario using Combined Airborne imaging Sensors" (DUCAS) is in progress. The aim of the project is to investigate the potential benefit of combined high spatial and spectral resolution airborne imagery for several defense applications in the urban area. The project is taking advantage of the combined resources from 7 contributing nations within the EDA framework. An extensive field trial has been carried out in the city of Zeebrugge at the Belgian coast in June 2011. The Belgian armed forces contributed with platforms, weapons, personnel (soldiers) and logistics for the trial. Ground truth measurements with respect to geometrical characteristics, optical material properties and weather conditions were obtained in addition to hyperspectral, multispectral and high resolution spatial imagery. High spectral/spatial resolution sensor data are used for detection, classification, identification and tracking.


Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is at present defined as any wireless transmission scheme that occupies a fractional bandwidth ges20%, or more than 500 MHz of absolute bandwidth. In this paper we have considered an UWB system, based on Direct Sequence - UWB (DS-UWB) proposal standard, in an indoor multipath environment modeled in accordance with IEEE 802.15 channel modeling subcommittee. Performance are evaluated in terms of frame error rate (FER) vs. transmitter-receiver distance and frame size and finally a polynomial regression analysis is carried out on simulation results in order to obtain a closed formula to describe, for different scenarios, the FER as a function of data rates, frame size and distance between transmitter and receiver.


W would like to contribute to the useful and practical educational process "Board Review Corner" initiated by the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. In the "Case of the Sleepy Middle-Aged Woman,"1 the primary complaints are snoring and daytime fatigue. The sleep laboratory study showed very mild sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), whereas the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was consistent with pathologic sleepiness. The sleepy middle-aged woman has hypertension and denies having depressive symptoms; however, her body mass index suggests that she is in the obese category (body mass index: 31 kg/m2). Although, the use of nasal steroids to improve allergic rhinitis and the mild SDB might be beneficial, we suggest that addressing additionally the issue of obesity might be important for the treatment of the patient's daytime sleepiness and fatigue and mild SDB. It has been shown that obesity without sleep apnea is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness,2 and depression and obesity are strong predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness, even compared with SBD, in the general population.3-5 Also, weight loss is the only population evidence-based intervention that improves SDB when considering a number of causal risk factors for SDB, such as obesity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, nasal congestion, and hormone replacement therapy with estrogen in menopausal women.6 Furthermore, recent large studies have shown that lack of exercise is associated with an increased severity of SDB,6 whereas physical activity in obese men with sleep apnea,7 or in the general population,4-5 is a significant beneficial factor for sleepiness, after controlling for body mass index, apnea, age, and other covariates. Thus, in the case of the "Sleepy Middle-Aged Woman," weight loss and exercise might have been useful recommendations for the treatment of her sleepiness and SDB, as well as her hypertension. Although obesity and its management were not included in the choices given, thus narrowing the scope of the response by Dr Phillips, we would like to suggest that, in future similar questions, obesity and its treatment should be considered. Such a consideration is timely, given that sleep and obesity have been at the center of research and clinical interest of the sleep field.8


Part of an 18-volume reprint collection, this book contains 19 articles focusing on various aspects of slavery within particular subregions, states, and counties of the antebellum South. The original publication dates of the articles range from 1916 to 1988; the authors vary from relative unknowns to such luminaries as Clement Eaton and John Hope Franklin. The articles appear to have been selected chiefly with an eye toward ensuring geographical diversity. Twelve articles focus on all or part of a specific state. Georgia rates four such articles, Texas three, Louisiana two, and three other states receive one apiece. In a few instances, the quest for geographical diversity has taken precedence over considerations of relevance and quality. An essay on Delaware is undocumented and is devoted largely to the postslavery era, while a piece on Appalachia is more about antislavery sentiment than slavery itself. For economic historians, the value of the entire collection is decimated by the editor's decision to omit "highly technical articles that will make sense only to specialists in certain fields" (p. v), an exclusion that appears to encompass most quantitative economic history. Nevertheless, this particular volume (Volume 7) does include much worthwhile reading for those interested in the functioning of slavery as an economic institution. Philip Morgan's fine article on the ownership of property by slaves in the low-country region of Georgia and South Carolina is an eye-opening account of how the task system allowed the more industrious slaves time to work for themselves and to accumulate substantial possessions. To read of a slave who had managed to acquire ownership of "among other things, a horse, eight cows, sixteen sheep, twenty-six hogs, and a wagon" (p. 133) is to realize that the life experience of the American slave was indeed varied and defies facile generalization. Another good piece, Randolph Campbell's research note on slave hiring in Texas, makes a persuasive argument that such hiring contributed to the vitality of slavery by giving many nonslaveholders a stake in the peculiar institution.


The invention relates to a pump module, a base pump module and a pump system comprising a pump module and a base pump module. The pump module (1) according to the invention comprises a linear pump channel (5) which is curved in at least some sections, a pump channel inlet (6) and a pump channel outlet (7), the pump channel inlet (6) and the pump channel outlet (7) being connected to the pump channel (5) for supplying a fluid to the pump channel (5) and leading it off therefrom such that a periodically circulating deformation of the pump channel (5) allows a fluid to be pumped through the pump channel (5) from the pump channel inlet (6) to the pump channel outlet (7), the pump channel (5), in the section between the pump channel inlet (6) and the pump channel outlet (7), deviating from the shape of a perfect circular arc.


AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of considering the mutual dependence of the pulse duration and intensity inside water demand generation models that operate with a high temporal resolution, i.e., 1 s time step, and at the scale of the individual user. To this end, a Poisson model was developed and applied to a literature case study. The Poisson model was able to represent the two variables or their respective logarithms as dependent variables following a bivariate normal distribution. The results of the new model were analyzed in comparison with the results of a model, in which the pulse intensity and the logarithm of the duration were represented as independent random variables. The analysis showed that taking into account the mutual dependence of the variables leads to improvements, and thus it is recommended. In fact, when it is taken into account, more consistent synthetic water demand pulses can be obtained, which are in better agreement with those measured in terms of overall ...


ABSTRACT Thermoregulation in endotherms allows the maintenance of the body temperature independent of ambient temperature. Experimental data have revealed complex interactions between the physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation and environmental conditions. We derive a nonlinear partial integro-differential dynamical model based on physical first principles and fundamental physiological mechanisms to understand the role of some thermal control mechanisms in the thermoregulation process of endotherms. The model is composed of four layers representing different tissues and it incorporates six thermal feedback control mechanisms. These mechanisms are heat production due to metabolic rate and heat exchange within the body given its internal structure, and the model considers heat exchange due to conduction, heat transport by blood flow, heat exchange with the ambient through convection, radiation, and evaporation from the respiratory tract and superficial evaporation in both passive and active situations. Our model sheds new light on previous explanations about the classic metabolism-ambient temperature U-shaped curve.


Mainly introduce the development background,revision point and illustration of national hot rolled strip standard which from plain steel to carbon constructional steel and low-alloy constructional steel,and elaborate the revised main content and question of GB/T3524-2005 in detail,and contrast with ISO 6316: 2,000(E).


A prospective study on the management of 23 patients with complex high energy tibial fractures was carried out to assess the outcome following the use of different external fixators. They were all followed up clinically and radio logically till fracture union. The average age 42 years (range 13–77 years) 17 male & 6 females. Fourteen were closed and 9 open. Eight were falls from height, 9 RTAs, one crush injury and one assault. All of the open fractures were grade 3. Six patients had proximal tibial fractures (one Schatzker Type-II, one Type-IV, two Type-V and two Type-VI) They united at an average of 20 weeks (range 10–40 weeks). Seven were Shaft fractures average duration to union 30 weeks (range 8–104 weeks), and eight were Pilon fractures (Two Ruedi & Allgower Type-II & Six Type-III) they united at an average duration of 13 weeks (range 7–20 weeks) All patients achieved clinical and radiological union at a mean duration of 22 weeks. Sheffield Ring fixator [SRF] was used primarily in 11 patients, none failed. Two had initial monolateral fixators which were converted to SRF. Two were managed with Illizarov frames and three with hybrid fixators. Seven patients had an initial monolateral fixator, two failed and were converted to a Sheffield fixator, 2 planned conversion to an intramedullary nail, one developed a delayed union and was converted to a Sheffield fixator, only two continued till union. Nine patients developed pin tract infection needing Antibiotics, three of them developed Osteomyelitis, Four had failure of fixation needing a second operation. Two developed malunion, one managed with total knee replacement, another required Ankle fusion. The average SF 12 score for the Sheffield group PCS was 52.1 and MCS of 51.7. For the Monolateral fixator group PCS was 47.2 and MCS of 48.1. For the Hybrid fixator group PCS of 34.7 and MCS of 42.7 and for the Ilizarov group PCS was 39.85 and MCS was 55.05. In this cohort of complicated High energy Tibial fractures, those managed with Circular Frames especially SCF augmented with interfragmantary screws proved to be most successful with a very lower failure rate and better patient satisfaction.


Since the flight control computer of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a flight critical equipment, it is necessary to ensure reliability and safety from the development step, and a redundancy-based fault management design is required in order to operate normally even a failure occurs. To reduce cost, weight and power consumption, the dual-redundant flight control system design is considered in UAV. However,


Peripheral nerves have been previously interfaced with multi-electrode structures including sieve-shaped designs for regeneration of peripheral nerve axons through the sieve and cuff-shaped microelectrodes for interfacing intact peripheral nerve bundles. Both approaches assume intact motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions for excitation of skeletal muscle. An innovative biohybrid microdevice has been developed for housing gene manipulated nerve cell complexes on the microprobe. The microprobe is designed for implantation and for subsequent out-sprouting of probe based neural cells, generating a biological junction with the targeted skeletal muscle. Polymer micromachining technology has been applied to microfabricate 3-D flexible polymer structures with embedded microelectrodes. Adherence and growth of gene manipulated OLN-93 nerve cells on the probes have been investigated. Microprobes without cells have been implanted into the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve in the rat. Results demonstrate that the new design of 3-D biohybrid microprobes is well suited for implantation into the peripheral nervous system. OLN-93 nerve cells could adhere and grow on the microprobes under in-vitro conditions. The microprobes remained biostable and fixed at the original sites of the sciatic nerve 11 month after implantation.


Abstract The corrosion behaviour of pure Mg in simulated body fluid (SBF) and the effect of chemical treatment on the corrosion resistance property were investigated using DEIS (dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), PDP (potentiodynamic polarization), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), AFM (atomic force microscope), and pH measurement techniques for 30 h. NaOH or H2O2 were utilized for the chemical treatment. The DEIS was used for the first time in the investigation of Mg corrosion in SBF. Results obtained disclosed that the chemical treatment benefitted the anticorrosion property immensely. Results from both the electrochemical and surface analysis techniques are consistent.


We calculate the adsorption energy of F, Cl, Br, I, At, H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr on the thymine molecule. The calculation is performed by using the quantum mechanical density functional theory. The calculation has been performed in the local density approximation (LDA), in the generalized gradient approximation with exchange (GGA-X) as well as in the generalized gradient approximation with exchange and correlations (GGA-XC). We are able to find the adsorption energy as well as its variation as a function of atomic number of the adsorbed atom.


We have previously reported that connexin (Cx) 32 gene, a member of gap junctions, was specifically downregulated in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and it acts as a tumor suppressor against RCC. Because there is no standard therapy for advanced RCC, we investigated the anti‐metastatic effect of Cx32 to seek a possibility of new RCC therapy. In this study, we used human metastatic RCC cell (Caki‐1), and established Cx32‐expressed cell clone (Caki‐1T) or only mock‐transfected cell clone (Caki‐1W). For experimental production of metastases, the cells were injected into the lateral tail vein of SCID mice. Seventy days after inoculation, metastatic colonies were observed in Caki‐1W inoculated group, though none of them were in Caki‐1T inoculated group. The plasma VEGF concentration was significantly lower in Caki‐1T group compared to Caki‐1W group. To investigate where Cx32 effects on, we also tried in vitro analysis and found that the malignant phenotypes involving metastasis steps were significantly decreased in Caki‐1T under hypoxia, a mimic condition of internal tumor environment. After hypoxia treatment, the protein level of HIF‐2α, which plays main role for hypoxia adaptation, was observed to increase in Caki‐1W, whereas no expression was observed in Caki‐1T. We investigated the activation of Src, which is required for stabilization of HIF‐2α, is suppressed in Caki‐1T compared to Caki‐1W. These results suggest that Cx32 inhibits hypoxia adaptation governed by HIF‐2α, and this may help to reduce the metastasis of RCC cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The request for banishment in Qing dynasty is that the grandparents or parents ask feudal officials to discipline their unfilial sons by litigation in themselves.The parents must litigate by themselves as a precondition of the request for banishment.The empire not only respects disciplinal right of family patriarch,but also imparts the right of litigation to them.The means combines the free disciplinal right of family patriarch with the authority of the empire to form a perfect effect.However,although lawgiver endeavored to have a flexible adjustment according to Confucian ethical thinking in the course of form and revision of the laws and regulations of the request for banishment,the modus operandi that feudal officials leave the patriarch to litigate at random make many people suffer the torture of military exile,and many of them were compelled to escape.Consequently,the request for banishment that was made on the basis of Confucian ethical thinking gradually became the tool of tyranny.


Resolution modelling has been used for the display of the real time information of a system hierarchy such as defence system, business management system and others. Many resolution models has been proposed such as variable resolution modelling, cross resolution modelling and multi resolution modelling in terms to enhance the quality of the real time information display. These resolution models are constructed along with agents who are meant to pass the information between the various levels of hierarchy. This paper provides an overview of variable resolution modelling, cross resolution modelling and multi resolution modelling by presenting their functionality and characteristics. Also the comparison is provided based upon the calibration, decisionmaking, aggregation, level of resolution for a finer detail.


We experimentally achieve a 19% capacity gain per Watt of electrical supply power in a 12-span link by eliminating gain flattening filters and optimizing launch powers using machine learning by deep neural networks in a massively parallel fiber context.


In this paper, we propose an effective training strategy to ex-tract robust speaker representations from a speech signal. Oneof the key challenges in speaker recognition tasks is to learnlatent representations or embeddings containing solely speakercharacteristic information in order to be robust in terms of intra-speaker variations. By modifying the network architecture togenerate both speaker-related and speaker-unrelated representa-tions, we exploit a learning criterion which minimizes the mu-tual information between these disentangled embeddings. Wealso introduce an identity change loss criterion which utilizes areconstruction error to different utterances spoken by the samespeaker. Since the proposed criteria reduce the variation ofspeaker characteristics caused by changes in background envi-ronment or spoken content, the resulting embeddings of eachspeaker become more consistent. The effectiveness of the pro-posed method is demonstrated through two tasks; disentangle-ment performance, and improvement of speaker recognition ac-curacy compared to the baseline model on a benchmark dataset,VoxCeleb1. Ablation studies also show the impact of each cri-terion on overall performance.


The case which I desire to report to-night is rather a notorious one, and I have concluded to report it at the request of the President, without preparation, because it is of great interest to the profession, and because I am quite sure there is no one who will better remember the circumstances attending the case or who will be less likely to forget them. It is a case of death which resulted in a child under the influence of chloroform during the month of November last. These cases are always doubly unfortunate. They are unfortunate in the first place, and beyond all other reasons, on account of the death of the individual, and the terrible news which is so suddenly brought to the bereaved friends. They are unfortunate because they remind the profession of the fact, which cannot be disproved, that physicians have not found an absolutely safe anaesthetic.


No question about it, U.S. farmers were for many years disadvantaged relative to the rest of society. But this is no longer the case in terms of average income-for farmers as a whole.


Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a potentially fatal carotid artery rupture. It is an unforeseen complication during mechanical thrombectomy that can be catastrophic without timely diagnosis and intervention. CBS develops when a damaged arterial wall cannot sustain its integrity, especially in patients who have undergone surgery or radiotherapy due to cancer. Carotid blowout syndrome is classified as threatened (type1), impending (type2), and acute (type3). Endovascular techniques have emerged as preferable alternatives to surgical ligation for treatment of CBS. Previous systemic reviews and meta‐analyses demonstrated that both coil embolization and stent grafting may be safe treatment options for CBS. This case study aims to show that early detection and endovascular management with transient distal balloon occlusion and stenting are lifesaving measures.

 Case‐report

 Case presentation: 60‐year‐old male with past medical history of lung cancer s/p chemotherapy and radiation, hypertension, and methamphetamine abuse presented with left‐sided weakness and dysarthria, onset was 2 hours prior to arrival, his NIHSS was 11, CT head was negative for hemorrhage, CT angiogram of head and neck showed tandem occlusion of right ICA and right MCA bifurcation, he was in window for intravascular thrombolysis without contraindication, so he received Alteplase, he was brought into Angio‐suite for mechanical thrombectomy, On Right CCA injection there was complete occlusion of Right ICA with TICI‐0 flow, distal branches of Right ACA and MCA were not visualized. Mechanical thrombectomy was done on Right ICA and Right MCA. During clot retrieval, flow arrest was achieved by inflating the balloon guide with diluted contrast. Post thrombectomy there was extravasation around the right CCA and ICA, so the balloon guide was reinflated to have a florist around the catheter and hemostasis in the right ICA, two carotid stents were deployed sequentially with rapid exchange technique with overlapping technique, an endovascular graft was introduced and deployed at mid cervical segment at the point of leak and dissection. Post mechanical thrombectomy, TICI‐3 flow in the right ICA, and MCA were achieved, the patient was discharged to rehab in a stable condition on dual antiplatelet regimen.

 CBS is a rare complication during mechanical thrombectomy, early and aggressive intervention in CBS is crucial to prevent devastating consequences, Transient balloon occlusion distal to the carotid blowout of the ICA is a reasonable technique for completing endovascular management with stenting.


Primary allylic amines serve as suitable allylic electrophiles for the allylation reactions of hypophosphorous acid and H-phosphinic acids. In the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) ([Pd2(dba)3], 0.1 mol %) and Xantphos (0.2 mol %), aqueous hypophosphorous acid was allylated by α-unbranched primary allylic amines in a highly regioselective fashion to give structurally diverse allylic H-phosphinic acids in good to excellent yields with exclusive E selectivity. Moreover, increasing the catalyst loading to 1 mol % and adding aqueous phosphoric acid (1.2 equiv.) permitted the allylation of H-phosphinic acids with α-unbranched primary allylic amines to proceed to give disubstituted phosphinic acids in good to excellent yields.


Tintinnids were collected from Buzzards Bay. Massachusetts. USA, from October 1987 to September 1988. Tintinnids were collected by screening 3 1 of seawater with a 20 pm mesh. Eight stations throughout the bay were sampled at monthly or twice-monthly intervals. A total of 30 species of tlntinnids were recorded, half of which were members of the genus Tintinnopsis. Tintinnid abundances ranged from 0 to 3.3 X 103 cells I ' . Tintinnlds were least abundant at the Cape Cod Canal and in northern Buzzards Bay, and most abundant at the New Bedford sewage outfall. Unlike dinoflagellates, tintinnids did not show higher abundances in New Bedford Harbor than in the main part of the bay. The effect of screening tintinnid samples with a 20 pm mesh screen was examined by comparisons of abundance of tintinnids in screened and unscreened whole-water samples concentrated by gravitational sedimentation. Tintinnid abundance estimates were significantly higher in the screened samples.


Objective It is to assess the effect of Shenqi tablet on preventing the palindromia of aging paroxysmal isolation atrial fibrillation. Methods Fifty-two patients with aging paroxysmal isolation atrial fibrillation were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, the treatment group were treated with Shenqi tablet and the control group were treated with placebo. All were compared with 20 normal cases in normal control group and followed up for a year. Results Palindromia rate of treatment group was lower than that of control group and normal control group (P0.01 or P0.05). All hemorheology indices and blood-lipid indices of treatment group were higher than those of normal control group (P0.01 or P0.05). Conclusion Exemia is existed in the patients with aging paroxysmal isolation atrial fibrillation. Shenqi tablet can reduce blood viscosity and prevent the palindromia of aging paroxysmal isolation atrial fibrillation.


This chapter chronicles Guglielmo Marconi's life and inventions. It examines how Marconi worked without respite on an idea he had to send telegraph messages through the ether. Guglielmo Marconi was the son of a wealthy Italian businessman, who lived the life of a country gentleman, and of an Anglo-Irish mother, whose family was the Jameson distillers of Belfast. The chapter first looks at how he improved Heinrich Hertz's spark transmitter and loop aerial receiver. It examines the most remarkable change Marconi made in Hertz's apparatus which came from a chance discovery rather than an adaptation or improvement of existing equipment. The chapter then shifts to discuss the race to control wireless communications. Marconi was, as the chapter argues, the first entrant — and thereby the first leader — in what had become a race. It ultimately explicates Lee de Forest's telephone work, his marriage to Lucille Sheardown, and his encounter with Abraham White.


Editor's note: Positions are open for 148 specially appointed professors who will be making 100,000 yuan per year. This is the most discussed topic today in institutions of higher education nationwide and among overseas scholars, and the impact of high salaries is causing the quiet ivory towers to seethe with excitement. Recipients of the U.S. Presidential Award for Young Scientists and the engaging of Intel Corporation professors has provided new inspiration for attracting overseas scholars back to China.


Objective To study the correlation on the expression of neuroendocrine hormone levels and the severity degree of heart failure in patients with hypertension combined with cardiac failure.Methods 57 elderly patients with hypertension and heart failure who were treated and diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Lianjiang City from August 2010 to February 2012 were selected as observation group,and 57 patients with only hypertension at the same time were selected as the control group.The serum angiopoietin Ⅱ(AngⅡ),endothelin-1(ET-1),cortisol(Cor),β-endor-phin(β-EP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone(ACTH) and Noradrenaline(NE) of two groups were compared,these indexes in observation group with NYHA Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade were compared too,then the correlation were analyzed.Results ①The serum AngⅡ,ET-1,Cor,β-EP,BNP,ACTH and NE in observation group [(101.34±9.45) ng/L,(100.26±9.56) ng/L,(272.86±16.32) μg/L,(96.33±8.21) ng/L,(341.51±16.27) ng/L,(30.14±4.52) ng/L,(1.15±0.11) μg/L] were all higher than those in control group [(68.36 ±6.36) ng/L,(70.34±7.02) ng/L,(202.17±12.25) μg/L,(56.29±5.48) ng/L,(132.18±11.07) ng/L,(19.45 ±3.31) ng/L,(0.37±0.07) μg/L],the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).②The serum AngⅡ,ET-1,Cor,β-EP,BNP,ACTH and NE in observation group of Ⅳ grade in NYHA [(123.57 ±10.48) ng/L,(118.84 ±11.23) ng/L,(307.63 ±17.26) μg/L,(110.37 ±10.12) ng/L,(338.26±19.25) ng/L,(43.62±5.17) ng/L,(1.98±0.18) μg/L] were all higher than those of Ⅱ grade [(75.26±7.46) ng/L,(81.72±8.14) ng/L,(229.43±13.54) μg/L,(74.92±6.93) ng/L,(181.35±13.37) ng/L,(22.33±4.22) ng/L,(0.86±0.10) μg/L] and Ⅲ grade [(100.42 ±9.29) ng/L,(99.28 ±9.34) ng/L,(268.84±15.92) μg/L,(93.18±7.95) ng/L,(296.42±15.77) ng/L,(32.54±4.65) ng/L,(1.23±0.14) μg/L],the serum AngⅡ,ET-1,Cor,β-EP,BNP,ACTH and NE in Ⅲ grade were all higher than those of Ⅱ grade,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).③The correlation was found among the serum AngⅡ,ET-1,Cor,β-EP,BNP,ACTH,NE and cardiac functional grading(P 0.05).Conclusion The neuroendocrine hormone levels have close relationship with severity degree of heart failure in elderly patients with hypertension and heart failure,these detection is helpful for the understanding the cardiac status of patients.


to address the need for low-cost and miniaturized test equipment for UAT data chain, a ZIF architecture 3U transceiver SDR platform based on FPGA and AD9361 is proposed. The RTL circuit is designed by Verilog HDL language to complete the IQ signal modulation and demodulation of 2CPFSK and RS coding circuit. RF output signal quality testing using test equipment and MATLAB proves that the method can achieve the data chain modulation and demodulation requirements. This method effectively reduces the cost and size of the UAT datalink transceiver and corresponding test equipment, and is an inspiration for ZIF generalized compact RF modems.


BackgroundEggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergy in some Asian countries but detailed studies on eggplant allergy are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective is to investigate sensitization to different parts of eggplant fruit, and detection of the allergens.MethodsSix eggplant-allergic subjects were assessed for sensitization to eggplant (peel/pulp, and raw/cooked) by skin prick test, allergen-specific IgE, and immunoblots. Allergens were analyzed for glycoprotein nature by staining/lectinoblots, and in vitro stability in simulated gastric fluid.ResultsAll the eggplant-sensitized subjects showed positive skin prick test with peel, pulp, raw, and cooked eggplant extracts; allergen-specific IgE to all these was positive. Raw eggplant contains 5 allergens in the range 36-71 kD. Most allergens are localized in the eggplant peel (9 allergens; 26-71 kD range) than the pulp (3 allergens; 52-71 kD); among these, the 26, 28, 36, and 71 kD allergens seem to be heat-stable. The 43, 45, 64, and 71 kD allergens are detected as glycoproteins; the 26, 64, and 71 kD allergens are stable displaying retention of IgE-binding ability in simulated gastric fluid digestion.ConclusionsEggplant is a multiallergenic vegetable in the context of presence of allergens in all edible parts of eggplant having preponderance in the peel.


One of the biggest advantages of interactive television (TV) is that it allows the viewer to watch the content at his or her most convenient time, either by pausing an ongoing broadcast or by selecting to view the content at a time later than the original airing time. The former service, often referred to as Pause Life TV (PLTV), and the latter, often referred to as Catch-Up TV (CUTV), require that an individual unicast flow is set up per user, whereas for the traditional Linear Programming TV (LPTV) the user just tunes in to a multicast flow that can serve many viewers. We first show that when services like PLTV and CUTV gain in popularity, the transport capacity required in certain parts of the network risks to grow unwieldy, unless the content is replicated (i.e., cached) in the appropriate places in the network. Subsequently, we show that a good caching algorithm that tracks the evolving popularity of the content and takes into account the initial popularity, allows keeping the required capacity under control. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs involved in determining the optimal cache location.


Teachers' emotional well-being is incredibly crucial for both teachers themselves and children. When considering this importance, researchers need to explore ways to enhance teachers' emotional well-being. Before developing an invention program, however, it requires performing in-depth research to give fundamental data for intervention. As part of its efforts, thus, this study intends to examine whether promotion focus and job crafting have a mediation effect on the relationship between calling and emotional well-being. For this purpose, this study collected data from 337 elementary school teachers. Subsequently, the current work administered four scales measuring calling, promotion focus, job crafting, and emotional well-being to them. The findings found that promotion focus and job crafting showed full mediation effects on the relationship between calling and emotional well-being, respectively, with a sequential mediation of promotion focus and job crafting. Finally, this paper critically discusses the implication of which researchers and leaders should be aware and then suggests directions for future researchers.


This paper introduces the measures adopted by and the achievements obtained by the transportation enterprises of Linfen City in the transformation to the modern logistics, expounds the detailed contents of the planning and construction of the logistics center of Linfen City, and puts forward some considerations about promoting the development of the modern logistics.


ABSTRACT Porcine parvovirus 3 is a novel parvovirus that infects pigs. Here, we report two genome sequences of porcine parvovirus 3 strains GX1 and GX2, which are highly prevalent in Guangxi province. It will help in understanding the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of the porcine parvovirus 3.


Through dynamic shear rheometer(DSR)test,bending beam rheometer(BBR) test and infrared spectroscopic analysis,the influence of different ultraviolet radiation aging(UV aging) time on the rubber asphalt performance was investigated by a self-made artificial ultraviolet radiation aging box,compared with basic asphalt.The results show that with the increasing of aging time the high temperature stability of aged rubber asphalt is improved,and low temperature deformability of aged rubber asphalt declines,more readily to appear brittle failure.The ability of rubber asphalt to resist ultraviolet radiation aging is better than basic asphalt.From the point of low temperature ductility index and BBR index,PAV aging degree of rubber asphalt is similar to 12~5 months UV ageing degree.From the point of rutting factor,PAV aging degree of rubber asphalt is similar to 9 months UV aging degree.From the point of fatigue factor,PAV aging degree of rubber asphalt is similar to 12 months UV aging degree.IR spectrogram showed that,light transmittance of rubber asphalt increases in UV aging process,but its internal structure and functional groups do not change.From IR spectrogram,rubber asphalt aging ceases after 12 months UV aging.


A cable-television Ethernet-coaxial cable transmission local side module management circuit belongs to the cable television technology field. The circuit comprises: capacitors C1-C42, resistors R1-R47, inductors L1-L4, diodes D1-D3, a crystal oscillator Y1, sockets J1 and J2, ports RJ1 and RJ2, a button switch K1, chips Q1,T1,U1-U6, wherein the Q1 is an LM1117F chip, the T1 is an H2001DG chip, the U1 is a KS8695PX chip, the U2 and U3 are a DS1232AATA-75-F128M chip, the U4 is a MX29LV640EBT1-70GFLSH chip, the U5 is a MAX3232 chip, and the U6 is a SY8009 chip. The circuit has various kinds of management functions, can monitor a plurality of performance of equipment and can provide alarm information.


There is much to commend this ambitious book: the breadth of discussion; the analytical sophistication; and, the sharpness of the case studies. At the heart of Fenton's book is the presentation of a typology of forms of ethnicity that are developed through grand comparativehistorical sociology. As Fenton writes, 'My initial intention in this book was to set the analysis of ethnicity squarely within the context of economic and political structure and process' (p. 234). Analysis proceeds from the position that ethnicity does not specifically mean one thing, that 'there are real dangers in seeing ethnicity and ethnic groups as everywhere the same phenomenon' (p. x) – it 'is not a unitary global phenomenon' (p. 221). Fenton eschews any attempt to create a universal theory of ethnic relations and reads ethnicity in terms of social processes, as being 'a dimension of social relationships' (p. 11), 'as the moving boundaries and identities which people, collectively and individually, draw around themselves in their social lives' (p. 10). Thus seen, the sociological task is to establish how ethnicity 'acquires its shape from its contexts, political, economic and historical' (p. 221). To this end, Fenton draws on a wide range of existing scholarship to construct 'a typology of ethnic groups and ethnic-making situations' (p. 29). Following Thomas Hylland Eriksen, five types of ethnic groups are seen to exist (and may coexist in the same society): 'urban minorities, proto-nations, ethnic groups in plural societies, indigenous minorities, and post-slavery minorities' – each with specific place in the frame of three historical trajectories: 'slavery and post-slavery in the modern world; that of the world as colonial and post-colonial; and the formation of nation-states in the capitalist West and beyond' (p. ix). The politics of ethnicity in these particular settings is drawn out, with particular focus on class dynamics, through a number of case studies: Britain (post-colonial metropolis), Malaysia (post-colonial), Hawaii (post-colonial), and the United States (post-slavery). The Hawaiian case is especially well drawn. Here, the critical reader might usefully reflect on whether or not this typology is accurate and/or exhaustive. For example, where might the South African project of apartheid fit in all of this? And how might the now long-standing theoretical critique of the very notion of a 'plural society' inform analysis? Of more concern than such issues, however, is the question whether or not Fenton's typology adequately illuminates the dynamics of social change with respect to ethnicity? For whilst the typology is well made at the level of classification, its sociological meaning is less convincingly expounded. Given that Fenton does not offer a radical constructivist position (in which the term 'ethnicity' is abandoned as a means of analysis), just how does ethnicity constitute a sociologically useful category for analysis? How does it dialectically articulate with class and culture? Much rests on Fenton's definition:


Foodborne botulism is a rare, potentially fatal paralytic illness caused by eating food contaminated by Clostridium botulinum toxin. It occurs most often as a single case not linked to others by a common food source. As a result of improvements in food canning, when outbreaks do occur, they typically involve fewer than five persons. During October 2-4 2011, eight maximum security inmates at the Utah State Prison in Salt Lake County were diagnosed with foodborne botulism. An investigation by Salt Lake Valley Heath Department, Utah Department of Health, and CDC identified pruno, an illicit alcoholic brew, as the vehicle. The principal ingredients in pruno are fruit, sugar, and water. Many additional ingredients, including root vegetables, are sometimes added, depending on the availability of foods in prison. A baked potato saved from a meal served weeks earlier and added to the pruno was the suspected source of C. botulinum spores. Many of the affected inmates suffered severe morbidity, and some required prolonged hospitalizations. Knowing the link between pruno and botulism might help public health and correctional authorities prevent future outbreaks, respond quickly with appropriate health-care to inmates with acute descending paralysis and/or other symptoms, and reduce associated treatment costs to states.


In this article was applied a comprehensive research method which made it possible to quite fully investigate the mechanism of the effect of electrical impulses on the protoplasm of cells and determine the optimal parameters of such effect on plant raw materials, ensuring high efficiency of their use to increase the juice yield. The complex research method made it possible to obtain the necessary data for the implementation of the electrical method for intensifying the process of extracting juice from plant materials. Due to the fact that the issues related to the use of electrical impulses for the processing of plant materials have been little studied and there is no sufficiently clear understanding of the mechanism of such an effect on living cells, we made an attempt to investigate the mechanism of this process. A technique has been developed for studying the dynamics of the action of electric current on plant tissue cells. We expressed the yield of juice from raw materials as a percentage of the weight of the pulp, which was processed and pressed. Thus, a comparison of the results of individual experiments showed an absolute increase in juice yield as a percentage.


ABSTRACT The results of several years of benthic research in Lake Tiberias are summed up. A provisional census of the invertebrate zoobenthos reveals a relatively reduced number of species. The widespread anoxyc conditions, the oligohaline salinity, and the stormy regime of the lake are held responsible for this reduction. Five faunal belts are recognized in the benthal of the Lake: 1) the Supralittoral; 2) the Littoral; 3) the Sublittoral; 4) the Epiprofundal and 5) the Profundal. Seasonal changes occur chiefly in the littoral during the spring, and in the profundal during the winter. The faunal history of the Lake is analysed, and the following phases are proposed: 1) the late Pliocene marine-brackish Bira lagoon; 2) the early Pleistocene freshwater Melanopsis lake; 3) the regressive Naharayim lake; 4) the interglacial, brackish Lissan I lake; 5) the glacial transgressive freshwater Lissan II lake. For the present postglacial stage, some man-made changes in the biological equilibrium are discussed.


Electrical and magnetic properties of four series of manganates Ln x Ca 1-x MnO 3 (Ln=La, Nd, Gd and Y) have been studied in the electron doped regime (x=0.02-0.25) in order to investigate the various interdependent phenomena such as ferromagnetism, phase separation and charge ordering. The general behavior of all the four series of manganates is found to be similar, with some of the properties showing dependence on the average radius of the A-site cations, <r A >. Thus, all the compositions show increase in magnetization at 100-120 K (T M) for x<x max , the magnetization increasing with increasing x. The value of x max increases with decreasing <r A >, probably due to the increased phase separation. This is also reflected in the larger width of the hysteresis loops at T<T M for small x or <r A >. In this regime the electrical resistivity decreases with increasing x, but remains low and nearly constant T>T M. The percolative nature of the conduction mechanism at T<T M is substantiated by the fit of the conductivity data to the 2 scaling law, σ ∝ |x c-x| p where p is in the 2-4 range. When x>x max , the materials become antiferromagnetic and charge-ordered at a temperature T CA , accompanied by a marked increase in resistivity. The value of T CA increases with increase in <r A > and x (upto x=0.3). Thus, all the four series of manganates are characterized by a phase-separated regime between x=0.02 and 0.1-0.15 and an antiferromagnetic charge-ordered regime at x>0.1-0.15.


Investor relations play a significant role in increasing a company's value and may contribute to improving its image in the business environment. It is the transparency and reliability of the information provided that affects the trust and willingness of investors to identify with a given company. The purpose of the article is to show the role of investor relations among companies in Poland. An overview of publications in Polish and English was conducted. The essence, goals and the instruments of investor relations were the focus of the study. Only the companies that engage in new technological solutions used by investor relations, e.g. videoconferences, conference calls, teleconferences, Facebook, and Twitter, are successful in the modern capital market. Moreover, a survey was conducted among Polish individual investors. Its results demonstrated what preferences and requirements Polish investors have with regard to information. Moreover, the analysis of the investors' responses also showed the degree to which Polish stock exchange companies are involved in the communication through new technologies.


Heat treatment effects on the electrical and optical properties are investigated for In2O3–ZnO film with a Zn content [Zn/(In+Zn)] of 33 at. %. Thin films deposited in a mixed gas atmosphere (Ar+20% O2) by a magnetron sputtering method show high resistivity of about 1.7×10−1 Ω cm. A mixture of In2O3 (99.999%) and ZnO (99.999%) powders calcined at 1000 °C in an Ar atmosphere for 2 h was used as the target. On the other hand, the films deposited in a pure Ar gas environment show low resistivity of about 3×10−4 Ω cm, comparable to that of indium tin oxide films (10−4 Ω cm). After heat treatment at 650 °C in vacuum, it was found that the films deposited in a mixed gas atmosphere revealed low resistivity similar to that of films deposited in a pure Ar gas. For these annealed films, their electrical properties are very stable when treated at temperatures up to 500 °C in air or 650 °C in vacuum. Also, it is found that the optical band gap of In2O3–ZnO films increase (or decrease) after the heat treatment in vacu...


Recent advances in cell science and regenerative therapies mimic the therapeutic effects of patients' own cells when they home to and accumulate at sites of injury. Inspired by stem cell trafficking under in vivo conditions, the facilitation of stem cell homing and the driving of endogenously mobilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for advanced therapeutics have shown indisputable success in several preclinical studies. In fact, stem cell homing is also relevant for cell transplantation. Ensuring that a sufficient number of transplanted cells arrive at the targeted region is a prerequisite for treatments to be successful, particularly when culture‐expanded cells are injected intravenously. In this progress report, the authors discuss the important role of cell homing following i) the delivery of ex vivo‐manipulated cellular materials, ii) the transplantation of bone marrow in a bone marrow transplant procedure, and iii) endogenous cell mobilization/recruitment in response to injury and disease. Considering a paradigm shift from in vitro tissue engineering to in situ tissue regeneration, current endeavors and future potential in the topics of chemokine‐guided cell homing and the design of cell‐comfortable scaffolds that combine both biochemical and biophysical cues for immunomodulation and in situ tissue regeneration are highlighted.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the postpartum hemorrhage circumstance and puerperal ways.Methods The clinical data of 2667 gravidas and parturients delivered in Jingjiang people's hospital from July 2008 to July 2011 were retrospectively analyzed and overviewed.Resuits There were 1156 cases of spontaneous delivery and 47 cases with postpartum hemorrhage (incidence was 4.06%) ; l407 cases received uterine-incision delivery and there were 86 cases with postpartum hemorrhage (incidence was 6.11%),104 cases received vaginal delivery and 8 cases with postpartum hemorrhage (incidence was 7.69%).There was significant difference for postpartum hemorrhage between spontaneous delivery and uterine-incision delivery (x2 =16.20,P =0.00),but there was no significant difference between vaginal delivery and spontaneous delivery or uterine-incision delivery (P > 0.05).Conclusions The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in uterine-incision delivery is superior to that in spontaneous delivery.It is required to handle operative indicators strictly in uterine-incision delivery; meanwhile,it is suggested to conduct spontaneous delivery and antenatal examination in duration of pregnancy.

Key words:
Postpartum hemorrhage;  Spontaneous delivery;  Uterine-incision delivery


This study was conducted on three students with special education needs and their 16 non-disabled classmates in the 2nd year of an elementary school in Cyprus where inclusive education is offered to them and their parents. In the mentioned inclusive education setting, student and parent opinions with regard to the effectiveness of reading comprehension applications based on a one teacher one assistant model, which is a co-teaching model, conducted by the classroom teacher and special education teacher, have been evaluated. For this purpose, opinions have been obtained from students during the application that consisted of 14 sessions between October 2017 and January 2018 and from parents after the applications with regard to the effectiveness of the co-teaching practice using semi-structured interview forms. When the research findings were evaluated, it was seen that the students felt happy, successful and academically prepared during the co-teaching practices, they found the materials used by their teachers interesting, they were willing to attend the class, and were pleased to be in the school / classroom environment. When the findings of the parents' opinions were evaluated, the parents stated that they had some concerns prior to the co-teaching practices were implemented. However, they stated that the variety of materials and homework used during the practices and seeing their child's academic progress made parents feel at ease with the new approach. The parents also stated that the reading skills of their children had improved, their willingness to read had improved and their writing skills had improved as well.


Schools are taking on 'back-channelling' as a means of improving class discussion, student questioning and learning outcomes. Earnie Kramer explains more.


With the development of the Internet of Things, timely alarm and real-time monitoring of the Internet of Things have become a reality and become more and more important. Traditional remote monitoring technology of the Internet of Things has been unable to meet the rapid demand for the development of modern Internet of Things industry. In order to meet the needs of the new era, real-time, secure, intelligent and extensible monitoring terminals have become a research hotspot in the modern Internet of Things industry. This paper proposes a human fall alarm system, including the establishment of arm hardware platform, the implantation of Linux system, the development of drivers and applications, the training of deep learning model, the deployment and optimization of application programs. The human falling alarm system has high practical value in the practical application, which can realize the real-time alarm and monitoring of human falling, and effectively improve the safety and convenience of home, office and other places. At the same time, the system also has a strong scalability, according to the actual demand for flexible customization and expansion.


—The concentrate process is the most sensitive in mineral processing plants (MPP), and the optimization of the process based on intelligent computational models (machine learning for recovery percentage modelling) can offer significant savings for the plant. Recent theoretical developments have revealed that many of the parameters commonly assumed as constants in gravity concentration modelling have a dynamic nature; however, there still lacks a universal way to model these factors accurately. This paper aims to understand the model effect of operational parameters of a jig (gravimetric concentrator) on the recovery percentage of the interest mineral (gold) through empirical modeling. The recovery percentage of mineral particles in a vibrated bed of big particles is studied by experimental data. The data used for the modelling were from experimental test in a pilot-scale jig supplemented by a two-month field sampling campaign for collecting 151 tests varying the most significant parameters (amplitude and frequency of pulsation, water flow, height of the artificial porous bed, and particle size). It is found the recovery percentage (%R) decreases with increasing pulsation amplitude (A) and frequency (F) when the size ratio of small to large particles (d/D) is smaller than 0.148. An empirical model was developed through machine learning techniques, specifically an artificial neural network (ANN) model was built and trained to predict the jig recovery percentage as a function of operation parameters and is then used to validate the recovery as a function of vibration conditions. The performance of the ANN model was compared with a new 65 experimental data of the recovery percentage. Results showed that the model (R 2 = 0.9172 and RMSE = 0.105) was accurate and therefore could be efficiently applied to predict the recovery percentage in a jig device.


Our presentation will focus on the advantages that freeform optical surfaces can offer to advanced space optics in term of compactness and performances. Some experimental results in extreme freeform optics will be presented


Thanks to a Ricardian concept of the magnitude of value, the participants in the controversy on the transformation of values into prices can separate the capitalist economy into two different spheres, price and value. This is a procedure completely foreign to Marx. The main consequence of this separation is the misunderstanding of the money form of value, a problem that arises in two ways. Firstly, money is a commodity like all others and there is thus an essentially contradictory relationship between its value and its exchange value, that is between its value and the expression of this value in the use-value of another commodity. This contradiction is neglected in the controversy, and therefore money becomes a simple numeraire, exactly as in the Ricardian and Walrasian traditions. Second, two juxtaposed standards of price are allowed to co-exist -one in the sphere of values and the other in the sphere of prices- whose relationship constitutes the only external link between the two realms. The transformation of values into prices becomes an external problem of reconciling two systems of accounting.


Although the state-of-the-art learning approaches exhibit impressive results for dynamical systems, only a few applications on real physical systems have been presented. One major impediment is that the intermediate policy during the training procedure may result in behaviors that are not only harmful to the system itself but also to the environment. In essence, imposing safety guarantees for learning algorithms is vital for autonomous systems acting in the real world. In this article, we propose a computationally effective and general safe learning framework, specifically for complex dynamical systems. With a proper definition of the safe region, a supervisory control strategy, which switches the actions applied on the system between the learning-based controller and a predefined corrective controller, is given. A simplified system facilitates the estimation of the safe region for the high-dimensional dynamical system. During the learning phase, the belief of the safe region is updated with the actual execution results of the corrective controller, which in turn enables the learning-based controller to have more freedom in choosing its actions. Two examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework, one simple inverted pendulum to illustrate the online adaptation method, and one quadcopter control task to show the overall performance.


We introduce an inference method based on quantiles matching, which is useful for situations where the density function does not have a closed form –but it is simple to simulate– and/or moments do not exist. Functions of theoretical quantiles, which depend on the parameters of the assumed probability law, are matched with sample quantiles, which depend on observations. Since the theoretical quantiles may not be available analytically, the optimization is based on simulations. We illustrate the method with the estimation of α-stable distributions. A thorough Monte Carlo study and an illustration to 22 financial indexes show the usefulness of the method.


This thesis investigates the literary texts by Elgstrom in relation to the political, cultural and literary context of the years between 1910 and 1920.Among her contemporaries Elgstrom was importan ...


HomeFrontLine: Reflections on Ten Years of War Since 9/11. Silver Eye Center for Photography Pittsburgh September 13-December 10, 2011 "HomeFrontLine: Reflections on Ten Years of War Since 9/11," co-cnrated by Ellen Flenrov and Leo Hsu, featured work by eleven photographers and photojournalists exploring the impact of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The collection of images included in the exhibition did what good phonography does best: offer windows and mirrors, those portals and flashpoints that allow questions. As is her strength. Nina Berman made us examine ourselves and our home turf. Her photograph Boy and Girl at U.S. Marines Recruiting Event, Orchard Beach, The Bronx, New York, 2007 (2007) as well as her series "Homeland" (2003) force us to acknowledge the degree to which militarism permeates our non-combatant lives. Bcrman's image of youth simulating a terrorist attack is the new normal, and her image of a girl donning military gear over her bikini at a beachside Marine recruitment event generates curiosity more than a voyeuristic gaze, revealing much about the concessions we make in delineating the slippery concept of "homeland." Freed: Faces of Guantanamo (2008), Alfonso Moral's portraits of men previously detained at Guantanamo Bay, reveals further evidence of the collective work of "defending freedom," found in die stamp of accusation embedded in the facial lines of the now-freed detainees. Encountering these portraits provokes a search for truth: Did they really commit terrorist acts? Can I tell by looking at their feces? Photographed in Afghanistan in 2008, Moral's photographs generate a line of questioning that is often avoided: What is being done in our name? Like the infamous photographs from the Abu Ghraib prison, these pictures while not providing the same kind of graphic shock contain the certain ugliness of a secret (torture, false witness, actual terrorism) that isn't really a secret. This exhibition's intent was to "create a space in which to pause and to think about this decade of war in the aftermath of 9/11 and the enormous human, social, economic and political costs incurred." The exhibition's portraiture focused on the costs incurred by the living. Kevin Bubriski offers black-and-white psychological portraits of New Yorkers staring into the pit of Ground Zero in Pilgrimage: Looking at Ground Zero (2001), while Gabriela Bulisova's project "Option of Last Resort: Iraqi Refugees in the United States" (2010) shows us the suffering of Iraqi refugees now settled in the U.S., reminding us that more than two million people have fled Iraq. On the other hand, one might question the efficacy of projecting video of U.S. soldiers on patrol, as in Miehael Kamber's video Soldiers on Patrol in Iraq (2008). While access is certainly crucial to war photographers, and is a point Kamber seeks to make, as curators, as cultural commentators, as artists, we have lo ask ourselves about the gallery's ability to translate the fast pacing and context of war, as well as war's certain suspension of social and moral codes. Though Kamber's video is shot close to armed soldiers as they patrol Baghdad streets, can we expect cultural consumers lo meet these quick-and-dirty moving images with any real understanding of war action? Kambcr asks us to consider censorship (content), but. perhaps a more tempered view is to consider the context of this work. In contrast to Kamber's video, Claim Beckett's series "In Training" (2006), lush 4x5 portraits of the recently enlisted. offers the stillness associated with the format, and it works. The late-adolescent soldiers evoke compassion on one hand, and self-consciousness of our steady, slow gaze on the other. None of the subjects address us and all possess a slightly miserable look. …


The pharmacological effect of a polyherbal preparation, an aqueous extract of the plants; Aristolochia albida, Aristolochia regen, Syzygium aromaticum, Morinda morindoides, Cassia fistula , used in the South West of Nigeria for gastrointestinal disturbances and diarrhoea was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the extract (10-50mg/kg) produced a dose dependent and significant (p 2 -adrenergic system or nitric oxide pathway. Key Words: Polyherbal, intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Resume
L'effet pharmacologique des preparation polyherbales, un extrat acqueux des plantes ; Aristolchia albida, Aristolochia regens, Syzygium aromaticum,Morinda morindoides, Cassia fistula , utilize au sud–ouest du Nigeria pour les troubles gastrointestinals et la diarrhea on ete evalues. Les resultants obtenue demontre que l'extait(10-50mg/kg) produisait a dose dependente et une reduction significative(p 2 -adrenergique au pathway oxide nitrique Mot cles: Polyherbal, transit intestinal, diarrhea induite par l'huile de castor. West Afr. J. Pharmacol. Drug Res. Vol.19 (1&2) 2003: 22-27


AbstractThe influences of different types of Pacific warming, often classified as the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Nino events, on Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) activity over the Indian Ocean were investigated. Accompanied by relatively unstable (stable) atmospheric stratification induced by enhanced (reduced) moisture and moist static energy (MSE) in the lower troposphere, strengthened (weakened) MJO convection was observed in the initiation and eastward-propagation stages during CP (EP) El Nino events. To examine the key processes resulting in the differences in low-level moistening and column MSE anomalies over the Indian Ocean associated with the two types of El Nino, the moisture and column MSE budget equations were diagnosed using the reanalysis dataset ERA-Interim. The results indicate that the enhanced horizontal advection in the CP El Nino years plays an important role in causing a larger moisture and MSE growth rate over the MJO initiation area during CP El Nino events than...


We used an online social annotation platform for Life Sciences undergraduates to develop self- efficacy in their own learning and to leverage on collaborative learning while annotating in groups. In particular, we were interested in supporting students in a large-class setting as they learn to read research articles as a means of integrating concepts with critical thinking. Students were tasked to post annotations based on their reading of two research articles. A graded quiz based on each article was administered after each reading. We used content analysis to analyse students' annotations based on the ICAP framework as a proxy measure of cognitive engagement. Students actively participated in the assignment, with most annotations classified as constructive and interactive. However, the percentage of interactive annotations was low, suggesting that students do not perceive the need for interaction to understand the research article. The interactive annotations were further examined for quality of writing using the SOLO taxonomy. The quality of interactive annotations were high, with majority of the annotations at the "Relational" level. We propose that the use of social annotations provided a student-centered environment for individual learning, but scaffolds could be incorporated to foster interactions and collaborative learning among students.


In China a typical centralized educational administration pattern is adopted, but local governments at various levels play an importance role in the educational development. In order to advance the educational development, governments at all levels have conducted sustained educational governance pattern reforms. After investigating the education governance pattern reforms of local governments, we find that ideology is one of the major factors affecting the reforms.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know the leadership, incentives and training on the performance of employees at Bank Syariah Mandiri Pematangsiantar Branch. The population in this study is the population in this study is the employees who are in the office of Bank Syariah Mandiri Pematangsiantar Branch as much as 40 people.. The sample is used as many as 40 employees in Bank Syariah Mandiri Office, Pematangsiantar, amounting to 40 people. The data collection techniques in this study are documentation and poll list. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analyses, classical assumption Test T, Test f and coefficient of determination. Data processing in this study uses the program SPSS 22.00 for Windows Software. Based on the results of the research conducted, the partial leadership testing has significant effect on employee performance. Incentive partial testing has significant effect on employee performance. Training partial testing has significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneous testing of leadership influences, incentives and training significantly affects employee performance.


Background Coronavirus infection disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have a significant association with coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation contributing to high mortality. The treatment of COVID-19 and the control of coagulopathy are the primary concern. Although the evidence of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy is compiling, there is no scoping review to systematically map the anticoagulants


This article presents a comparative analysis of solving the issue of Orthodox clergy's participation in elections, political parties and public bodies previously and in modern times from the standpoint of secular and church law. At different stages of history, there were both times when the clergy took active part in the legislative bodies of our country and abstained from it. The relevance of this question is conditioned by the following fact: while the Church is unified and its establishments are inviolable, there are historically many states of many types, and the relations between them should always be adjusted specifically to each case. There is no general theoretical formula that would suit them all. The clergy participated in political parties, elections and the State Duma before the revolution, but the results of this participation were very mixed. In the post-Soviet years, after the constitutional crisis of October 1993, the Church made the only right decision. At an expanded session on October 8, 1993, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church adopted a resolution that instructed clergy to refrain from participating in the elections to the Federal Assembly as candidates for deputy, and to abstain from membership in political parties under the penalty of prosecution. As for the Church law, the canons of the Orthodox Church do not permit clergymen to hold secular positions of authority. This is confirmed by the Apostolic Rules and decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Adopted in 2000 by the Jubilee Council of Bishops, "The Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church" reflected the official position of the Moscow Patriarchate in its relations with the state and secular society . The Fundamentals formulate a concept of the state-church relations, the key concept of which is "the cooperation between state and church". However, by prohibiting the clergy to participate in government bodies, the Church emphasizes its another resource: the participation of Orthodox laymen in the activities of government bodies and parties. The contemporary challenges include an enormous increase in the influence of the Internet, mass media, the ethical problems of modern technology, the lack of an Orthodox component in educational programs — they are only a few problems and challenges to the dialogue between church and state.


As for critical and study theories of popular culture,Williams played a role of connecting link between the preceding and the following.He was always keeping his dynamic and evolutional eyes on emergence of new culture trait that adjusts to the times.He abandoned the narrow concept that culture was only spiritual and artistic product and argued that culture is popular.The meaning of "popular" was of the people,for the people and loved by the people.Its more modern meaning was popular with lots of people.


The invention provides an electric appliance box and an air conditioner. The electric appliance box comprises an electric appliance box body, components and a PCB; the components and the PCB are mounted in the electric appliance box, and the electric appliance box further comprises a handrail structure; the handrail structure is mounted in the electric appliance box body; and the air conditioner comprises the electric appliance box. According to the electric appliance box and the air conditioner, the structural design is simple and reasonable; through the added handrail structure, the impact resistance capacity of the electric appliance box body is improved, and meanwhile the components can be prevented from being touched, and the PCB is protected. In the process of carrying, assembling and replacing processes, the electric appliance box is convenient to operate.


Extended Abstract Microfluidic devices have been broadly used to produce nucleic acid-delivery nanoparticles for genetic medicine because they offer control, reproducibility and scalability of the nanoparticle precipitation process to overcome a significant challenge in the translation of these therapeutics [1-5]. Control over process parameters afforded by microfluidics, allows optimization of nanoparticle quality and encapsulation efficiency [2]. Automation improves the reproducibility and optimization of formulations. The continuous nature of the microfluidic process is inherently scalable, allowing optimization at low volumes to conserve scarce or costly materials, and seamless scale-up of optimized formulations by employing multiple microfluidic mixers performing identical unit operations in parallel. In this study, we present a scalable microfluidic platform for producing nanomedicines. The platform includes a system designed for production under cGMP conditions employing 8 parallel microfluidic mixers capable of producing a 25 L formulation of RNA lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in ~4 h. Seamless scale up of production was demonstrated by producing test batches of siRNA-LNPs against the blood clotting protein Factor VII (FVII) on each of 3 systems designed for different stages of nanomedicine development. The physico-chemical characteristics were determined by DLS, and HPLC, and in vivo efficacy was measured by assaying serum FVII levels in murine models. With a system designed for bench-scale formulation development we produced 10 mL batches of siRNA LNPs of avg. diameter ~60 nm (PDI <0.1) with encapsulation efficiency >95 %. No differences were observed in physicochemical properties of these particles when batch sizes were scaled-up by 10x on a pre-clinical scale-up system or by 100x with a system employing 8 microfluidic chips arrayed in parallel. The particles exhibited consistent lipid composition and N/P ratio within the target specifications. In addition, nanoparticles manufactured across the microfluidic platform showed a similar dose-dependent gene knockdown achieving >90 % reduction in protein levels at a dose of 1 mg/kg. These studies demonstrated the seamless scale-up of nanoparticle formulations across the platform with the potential for producing large scale, clinically relevant volumes, of lipid nanoparticles. The system employing 8 parallel mixers can prepare up to 25 L of product under 4.5 hours at 12 mL/min per mixer and incorporates a disposable fluid path that eliminates the need for costly and time consuming cleaning validation.


A flexible circuit board includes a base film formed by a metallic material, a first protective film formed on a first surface of the base film, and a circuit pattern adhered to the first protective film through an adhesive film. Projections and recesses for heat release are formed on a second surface that is a surface on the opposite side of the first surface of the base film.


Program clustering for large and complex systems improves the effectiveness and efficiency of software maintenance and is a basis for acquiring reusable components. In this paper, a functional requirement based hierarchical agglomerative approach to this problem is proposed. In this approach, the semantic information existing in the descriptions of functional requirements is employed to acquire a high-level logic view of the given system. Furthermore, the corresponding source code artifacts for each requirement are acquired through the dynamic analysis. The requirements hierarchy and the requirement-artifact relationships are then used to recover the hierarchical organization of the source code. The clustering results of this approach have the mapping to the application domain. In addition, due to the dynamic analysis, the granularity of this approach is flexible.


NanoGold is a simple device to make the return to a gold standard possible. Money is backed by nano quantities of gold. Because of advances in digital technology, I argue here that a NanoGold particle is a viable medium of exchange provided people can measure it accurately, validate its tangibility in transactions and safely store it. The NanoGold standard will be effective if a new social convention around monetary units takes hold: one nanoparticle of gold is worth the same as the real value of one dollar today. I analyze the undesirable wealth effect due to private holding of gold flooding the economy, and the conditions to prevent it. If central banks can enforce a minting monopoly on these NanoGold particles, then paper money has true backing. Monetary policy can generate price stability while postponing the deflationary trap to an infinitely distant future. The implications for Fiscal policy are potentially far-reaching. This new currency unit endows the government with virtually unlimited resources. A logical but stunning implication of the proposal is that the costs associated with runaway government debt and Ricardian equivalence can altogether be avoided under this new standard. The fallback position cannot be worse than today's fiat monetary system.


Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) converts an open wound into a controlled closed environment by applying intermittent or continuous sub-atmospheric pressure to a specialized wound dressing. This is sealed with an adhesive dressing that contains the negative pressure at the wound and thereby stimulates healing. This technique has revolutionized the care of acute and chronic open wounds in orthopaedics. Normal wound healing and the current recommendations for the care of orthopaedic wounds using NPWT are reviewed.


Despite the numerous treatment modalities available for vitiligo, responses to treatment are still unsatisfactory. For this reason, new treatment modalities and approaches are needed.