The phosphate, nitrate and silicate data used to produce the monthly climatologies were taken from the World Ocean Atlas 1998 produced by the Ocean Climate Laboratory at the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). The monthly grids are analyzed onto the top 14 NODC standard levels 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 m. The horizontal resolution is 2 degrees by 2 degrees.


In the winter of 1805 the New York Manumission Society (NYMS) issued its annual report to the American Convention of Abolition Societies. Laying out the principal aims of its efforts at organized antislavery reform, the NYMS pledged to the American Convention that it would continue with ''unabated zeal'' its attempts to ''promote the gradual emancipation of the unhappy race of Africans who are enslaved amongst us'' and work to ''raise'' newly emancipated slaves and free blacks ''to an equal participation in the rights and benefits of political society.'' The report expressed confidence that ''the enlightened and sincere friends to the happiness of human kind'' would applaud the joint goals of slavery's gradual abolition and the integration of freed slaves into civil society. The NYMS revealed that it felt heartened by the ''evidence of the industry, sobriety, and economy'' of New York's free blacks and remained hopeful that former slaves would ''gradually emerge from their degraded condition'' and take their place as virtuous citizens of the early republic. 1


Few segments of the working class have been studied more thoroughly than miners, and one might think that little new could be said about these workers or their organizations. In this stimulating book, John Kulczycki proves this is not the case. According to Kulczycki, many existing studies of Ruhr miners either largely ignore the Polish-speaking migrants who came to the region beginning in 1870s or misrepresent their role in the development of the local labor movement. He points out how many standard works (e.g., those of Koch, Tenfelde, and Hickey) portray Polish miners in a negative light, suggesting that their rural origins, traditional religious beliefs, and ethnic and national identity hindered the development of class consciousness, modern forms of collective action, and a unified labor movement. Kulczycki insists this was not the case at all. Indeed, he argues that Polish-speaking miners were among the most class-conscious, militant, and organizationally disciplined workers in the Ruhr. Similarly, he suggests that xenophobia on the part of Germans (combined with their confessional divisions) and not Polish "backwardness" was the principal obstacle to solidarity among the miners.


Mobile Social Networking is becoming a reality driven by the introduction and further development of smartphones. Mobile communication has been dominated by vertically integrated service provision in a 'operator centric model', which has been highly bound to voice and SMS services and organized in a monopolistic competition between few Mobile network operators , MVNOs and SPs. In the recent years we are witnessing a radical change driven by introduction and further development of smartphones, where we see emergence of new business models, including 'device centric models', where the user can get access to new applications and services by connecting to the device manufactures' app stores and the like. One of the main drivers of this change is the advanced capabilities of the smartphones enabling the mobile devices to reap the advantages of the convergence process and bring the advanced Internet applications and services like social networking to the mobile devices. However, the device market is dominated by a number of different technological platforms, including different Operating Systems (OS) and 'software development platforms', resulting in a variety of different competing solutions on the market driven by different actors. The aim of this paper is to give a comparative analysis of these technological platforms and identify their strengths and weakness for being the platform of the future.


Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy excites a thin evanescent field which theoretically decays exponentially. Each TIRF image is actually the projection of a 3-D volume and hence cannot alone produce an accurate localization of structures in the z-dimension, however, it provides greatly improved axial resolution for biological samples. Multiple angle-TIRF microscopy allows controlled variation of the incident angle of the illuminating laser beam, thus generating a set of images of different penetration depths with the potential to reconstruct the 3-D volume of the sample. With the ultimate goal to quantify important biological parameters of microtubules, we present a method to reconstruct 3-D position and orientation of microtubules based on multi-angle TIRF data, as well as experimental calibration of the actual decay function of the evanescent field at each angle after taking into consideration the effect of point spread function, quantum efficiency and photon collection efficiency.


Sedimentary phosphorus fractions and phosphorus release from the sediments were studied in Lake Ladoga at altogether 46 sampling sites, representing the full range of sediment types encountered in the lake. Determination of P fractions and physico-chemical analyses were made of surface sediment cores (10-20 cm long, each sampled at 3-4 levels) and in the overlying water. The range of total phosphorus per dry weight of sediment was 0.2-3.3 mg g-I , and that of inorganic P 0.1-2.5 mg g-I. The levels of interstitial soluble phosphorus, range 2-613 f..J,g I-I for total P and 1-315 f..J,g 1-1 for inorganic P, were higher than those of dissolved P concentrations in the overlying water. Diffusive fluxes of phosphate from sediment to the overlying water were estimated using three independent methods. The estimated range was 4-914 f..J,g P m-2 d-I; the mean value for the whole bottom area, 0.1 mg P m-2 d-I, is lower than previously published estimates. The estimated annual contribution of sedimentary inorganic P flux to Lake Ladoga water is equal to 620 tons of P per year, which amounts to more than 10% of the estimated external P load into the lake. 68% of the total diffusive flux emanates from deep water sediments, which are not exposed to seasonal variation of conditions. In deep lakes, such as Lake Ladoga, phosphorus release from the sediments is controlled primarily by diffusive mechanisms. Wave action and currents as well as bioturbation are probably of importance mainly in shallow near-shore areas. Phosphorus release by gas ebullition and macrophytes is considered negligible.


Free flowing spherically granulated (average diameter, 70 or 115 μm) dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) for direct tabletting was prepared by a restricted crystal growing synthesis of DCPA, followed by spray drying of its aqueous dispersions. The spherically granulated DCPA had larger specific suraface area (32 to 34 m2/g), because they had porous structures compoesd of very fine primary crystals (Heywood diameter, 0.1-1.0 μm) compared to conventionally prepared DCPA (Heywood diameter, 2.0-5.0 μm). The crystallinity of granulated DCPA was lower than that of conventional DCPA. Those micromeritic characteristics of granulated DCPA might correlated closely with their dramatically improved tablettability.


Motivated by potential benefits such as sensor user-friendly, multiplexing capabilities and high sensitivities, nanophotonic lab-on-chip biosensors have profiled themselves as an excellent alternative to traditional analytical techniques. Modern diagnostics is demanding novel analytical tools that could enable quick, accurate, sensitive, reliable and cost-effective results so that appropriate treatments or remediantion actions can be implemented in time, leading to improved outcomes. The main objective of our research is to achieve such ultrasensitive platforms for label-free analysis using nanophotonic technologies and custom-designed biofunctionalization protocols, accomplishing the requirements of disposability and portability. We are using innovative designs of nanophotonic biosensors based silicon photonics technology (nanointerferometers) and full microfluidics lab-on-chip integration. We have demonstrated the suitability of the photonic nanobiosensors for the detection, with extremely sensitivity and selectivity, of marine pollutants and human disease biomarkers. In all cases, our sensing methodology has shown excellent robustness with high reproducibility and sensitivity, rendering in valuable tool for the fast diagnostics of un-treated bodily fluids or environmental samples.


Disclosed is a pluggable testing device. A device to be tested can be electrically connected to a testing host through the pluggable testing device, wherein the device to be tested is provided with a connector. The pluggable testing device comprises a first circuit board and a second circuit board; the first circuit board comprises at least one connection port and at least one first slot, and the connector can be plugged into the connection port; the second circuit board comprises a plurality of electric conduction contacts, the second circuit board can be electrically connected to the testing host through the electric conduction contacts so that electrical signals of the second circuit board can be transmitted to the testing host, and the second circuit board is electrically connected with the first circuit board through the first slot so that electrical signals of the first circuit board can be transmitted to the second circuit board. The pluggable testing device can achieve the purpose of saving cost and materials.


Soybean is highly sensitive to drought stress during its flowering period. Heinong84 (HN84) and Hefeng46 (HF46) were planted in clay loam, silty loam, and sandy clay. We studied the effects of drought stress on the content of membrane lipid peroxides in flowering soybean leaves, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the activity of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism under different soil conditions. Our results showed that soybean had clear physiological responses to drought stress. With increasing drought stress, the malondialdehyde, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in soybean leaves increased continuously. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutamine synthase, and glutamate synthase levels increased with drought stress, reaching a maximum under moderate drought stress and then decreased; nitrate reductase activity decreased continuously. Under the condition of sufficient water, the performance of soybean in the three soils is almost the same, but there are differences under drought stress; particularly, soybean grown in clay loam shows the strongest drought resistance. In summary, the physiological state of soybean is easily affected by drought stress, which varies greatly among different cultivars and in different soil types.


We are moving towards a new era of mankind, the ecological civilization, which requires a new philosophy, i.e., the ecological philosophy, meaning that the modern world is an organic unity of the compound ecosystem of "people-society-nature". Additionally, the new era requires a new thinking mode, i.e., the ecological thinking, meaning to think and act with a view of the ecosystem integrity. It is expected that the ecological philosophy and the ecological thinking mode will be continually improved and developed when serving the construction of the ecologically civilized society.


The sexual violence prevention program we evaluated uses a community of responsibility model to teach women and men how to intervene safely and effectively in cases of sexual violence before, during, and after incidents with strangers, acquaintances, or friends. The program varies from other prevention programs in that it does not address men as potential perpetrators or women as potential victims. Rather it approaches both women and men as potential bystanders or witnesses to behaviors related to sexual violence. The program is grounded in recent research in social and community psychology on bystander intervention and community-focused solutions. The program draws upon findings from research on community change and prevention as well as more individually-focused studies of rape prevention programs and bystander behavior in emergency and crime situations. Three hundred and eighty-nine undergraduates participated and were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups or a control group. Results from the research reveal that up to two months after participating in either a one or three session version of the program, participants in the treatment conditions showed improvements across measures of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior while the control group did not. Most program effects persisted at four and twelve month follow-ups. The program appeared to benefit women and men equally. Implications and future directions for research are


General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact firstname.lastname@example.com providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The ability of neurons to modulate synaptic strength underpins synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and adaptation to sensory experience. Despite the importance of synaptic adaptation in directing, reinforcing, and revising the behavioral response to environmental influences, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic adaptation are far from clear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prime initiator of structural and functional synaptic adaptation. However, the signaling cascade activated by BDNF to initiate these adaptive changes has not been elucidated. We have previously shown that BDNF activates mitogen-and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1), which regulates gene transcription via the phosphorylation of both CREB and histone H3. Using mice with a kinase-dead knock-in mutation of MSK1, we now show that MSK1 is necessary for the upregulation of synaptic strength in response to environmental enrichment in vivo. Furthermore, neurons from MSK1 kinase-dead mice failed to show scaling of synaptic transmission in response to activity deprivation in vitro, a deficit that could be rescued by reintroduction of wild-type MSK1. We also show that MSK1 forms part of a BDNF-and MAPK-dependent signaling cascade required for homeostatic synaptic scaling, which likely resides in the ability of MSK1 to regulate cell surface GluA1 expression via the induction of Arc/Arg3.1. These results demonstrate that MSK1 is an integral part of a signaling pathway that underlies the adaptive response to synaptic and environmental experience. MSK1 may thus act as a key homeostat in the activity-and experience-dependent regulation of synaptic strength.


OBJECTIVE: To trace the profile of the drug use between the university students of the course of Pharmacy Sciences Health Center of Federal University of Espirito Santo. METHODS: One is about explorer, descriptive, transversal and quantitative study. A survey was conducted with 148 undergraduate pharmacy students (80.4%). The instrument used is an adaptation of the developed one for the WHO. The data had been tabulated and analyzed through the Statistical Packcage for the Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS: 67.6% of the university students are female, 52.7% it had between 20 and 22 years and 47.3% belong to the social class B. Regarding the use of alcohol, 87.8% made use in the life, 77.7% in the year and 58.1% in the month. Between the other drugs, the use in life of inahaled drugs (18.2%) was the most common. CONCLUSION: As observed, the undergraduate students belong a concerned group, showing the significance of a better approach in this subject at college's curriculum.


General production costs are reflected in the item "Costs of production and organization of management". This article also takes into account insurance payments for buildings, structures, machinery, equipment, inventory and other fixed assets directly used in the production of products. Insurance payments are distributed by crops and types of products in proportion to the costs of production. Insurance payments are reflected in the accounting records in the debit of the "Agriculture" account and in the credit of the "Insurance settlements" account. The article "Other expenses" reflects the expenses directly related to the production of products, but none of the above items is included. This article reveals modern methods of intra-company management of the formation of the cost of agricultural products, the composition of the costs of agricultural firms, the procedure for their control, optimization and audit. A structural model is proposed that represents the methodology of internal control and audit at the macro- and micro-levels of the hierarchical management of an agricultural enterprise. The composition of the information necessary for the implementation of the methodology of intra-company control, accounting and analytical procedures used to evaluate cost items and make management decisions are determined. The features of the audit (external, internal) of production costs are revealed - establishing the validity of the formation and correctness of accounting for production costs, identifying unused reserves. The conceptual scheme of the technique of this type of audit is given.


Evolution of variability is a key factor in the successful exploitation of commonalities in software product families. Assessment of variability can be used to determine how the variability provided by a product family should evolve. We present COSVAM (COVAMOF software variability assessment method), a variability assessment technique that specifically addresses evolution of variability. We exemplify our approach with the Dacolian case study.


A novel active filter, based on regeneration, provides tunability, variable bandwidth, stable high Q, fast frequency shifting and ease of integration. It allows any super-Nyquist image to be isolated, including frequencies far higher than the clock. A direct digital synthesizer (DDS) can directly modulate a signal with the modulation preserved in the image. The passband of the active filter can be adjusted to match the modulation, allowing dramatic simplification of radio design. These capabilities are confirmed using an Analog Devices AD9914 DDS. Both single and multi-pole filters are used to isolate multiple image tones. bandpass filter (BPF) limits the inherent agility of the DDS. fixed BPF, the DDS frequency range is limited the non-overlapping range of images. a fixed BPF passes all spurs within its passband, typically requiring additional Conventional tunable bandpass filters be used to this their slow tuning speeds limit agility.


ACI division, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Songjeong-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan 618-819, Korea(Received March 13, 2015: Corrected March 18, 2015: Accepted March 20, 2015)Abstract: Recently, data throughput of smart electric devices increases dramatically. There is a great interest in a newtechnology which exceeds the limit of electrical transmission method. Optical PCB can supplement the weakness ofelectrical signal processing, the research for optical PCB is very active. In this paper, we propose the thermal imprintlithography process to fabrication optical layer of optical PCB and experiment to optimize the process conditions. Weconfirm process time, pressure, process temperature, demolding temperature and fabricate optical interconnection structurewhich has 45


Volatility movements are known to be negatively correlated with stock index returns. Hence, investing in volatility appears to be attractive for investors seeking risk diversification. The most common instruments for investing in pure volatility are variance swaps, which now enjoy an active over-the-counter market. This paper investigates the risk-return tradeoff of variance swaps on the "Deutscher Aktienindex" (DAX) and EuroStoxx50 index (ESX) over the time period of 1995 to 2004. We synthetically derive variance swap prices from the smile in option prices, which we estimate using transaction data. Our objective is to analyze the relationship between index and variance swap returns and to draw conclusions for investors. Empirically, the profile of log swap returns against log index returns on average resembles the payoff of a long put position. This highlights that variance swaps provide crash protection to investors. However, the market price of crash protection is suprisingly high. In line with previous U.S. evidence, we find a strongly negative volatility risk premium at the German as well as the European stock market. Its magnitude is not compatible with standard equilibrium pricing models. Thus, selling realized volatility seems to be a profitable strategy. Our backtests result in significant portfolio weights of the short volatility position during the sample period. Thus, our findings contradict recommendations of major investment banks and investment consultants to integrate long volatility positions into equity portfolios. JEL classification: G10; G12; G13


Abstract Underground salt mining accounts for about 16 percent of the total salt production worldwide. When excavating salt rock, the cutters of the road header come into contact with the rock. This produces friction and, consequently, a rise in temperature. Generally, as temperature increases, salt gradually loses its plasticity. The extent of these alterations depends on the presence of other minerals in the rock. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on regularly shaped samples of salt. An analysis was performed of the results of compressive, tensile and induced-shear strength, and of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, cuttability index and side chipping angle. The testing was conducted on samples with a temperature of about 20°C and samples heated to 50°C and 80°C. The tests showed that as temperature increased, so did compressive and tensile strength, and longitudinal and transverse strain of salt. The temperature increase caused, however, a decrease in shear strength. The cuttability index and the side chipping angle also decreased when the heated samples were being cut. The percentage changes in the parameters within the 60-degree temperature range were as high as several dozen percent.


The subject matter of this essay is a certain understanding of the value of equality which I will call 'relational egalitarianism' – a view which locates the value of equality not in distributions but in social and political relationships. This is a suitable topic for a contribution to a volume based on themes from the work of G.A. Cohen for (at least) two, somewhat contradictory, reasons.


The best ebooks about Moving Environments that you can get for free here by download this Moving Environments and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as moving environments project muse moving to new erp environments oracle | integrated cloud moving lab management environments to the cloud moving environments cystis moving environments: affect, emotion, ecology, and film moving environments spzone part v magnetons moving in environments with a very low effects of moving environments on the physical demands of moving in extreme environments: extreme loading; carriage classroom environment oklahoma the effects of moving environments on thoracolumbar moving into new environments: the perspective of people querying imprecise data in moving object environments querying private data in moving-objet environments by detecting multiple moving objects in crowded environments rethinking leadership mit-industry-home the effects of moving environments on thoracolumbar querying imprecise data in moving object environments robust graph slam in dynamic environments with moving the effect of classroom environment on student learning path planning in dynamic environments university of utah deploying customizations across microsoft dynamics privacy and trustworthiness management in moving object managing development, test and production environments the effects of the physical environment on childrenâ€ÂTMs the effects of moving environments on thoracolumbar moving to paperless clinical environment cisco unstable living situations and early childhood mental health leveraging cloud for non-production environments tracking nearest surrounders in moving object environments tracking a moving target in cluttered environments with moving and accessing sas files between operating environments detecting moving objects using a single camera on a mobile contextualization of saudi international students submitted to aamas 2003 locating moving entities in a framework for planning motion in environments with physical environments of assisted living: research needs querying imprecise data in moving object environments virtual teaming: a strategy for moving your organization a summary overview of moving to opportunity: a random sugi 23: tips and techniques for moving between operating mo v i n g ch i l d r e n ou t o f fo s t e r ca r e c t f locating moving entities in indoor environments with teams technical paper sas support business environments becusacorp living environments home, university of cincinnati event driven parts moving in 2d endogenuous environments


On 9 March 2020, two cases of COVID-19 were reported in Burkina Faso. As of 10 April 2020, a total number of 484 cases (404 cases in the Kadiogo province) were reported nationwide. Real-time forecasts of COVID-19 are important to inform decision-making in the country. Here, we propose an approach that tests the performance of four models (Exponential Growth model, the Generalized Growth model (GGM), the Generalized Logistic Growth, and Richards Growth model) to select the model that best fit data and to generate short-term forecasting (5-, 10-, and 15-day forecasts from 11 to 25 April 2020) in Kadiogo, the epicenter of the outbreak. Using daily number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, the results suggests that GGM performed the best out of the 4 models. Overall, our GGM predictions suggested an average total number of cumulative cases of 514 (95% CI, 464–559), 629 (95% CI, 559–691), and 750 (95% CI, 661–840) between 11 to 15 April, 16 to 20 April, and 20 to 25 April 2020, respectively. COVID-19 in this province was best approximated by sub exponential growth rather than exponential or logistic growth. Current data suggest that COVID-19 cases would continue to increase over the next 15-days.


Generally, for structural timber the main properties are listed in a strength class system. In Europe EN 338 (2016) lists available strength class and their respective characteristic properties. Depending on the product application the bending or the tension properties are of main interest. For glulam lamellas, tension classes are preferred as through tension classes the mechanical properties of glulam can be better predicted. Also, machine grading allows for a better prediction of tensile properties compared to bending properties. So far, tension grades were regulated in EN 14081- 4. Due to the increased demand on glulam products, the grades were recently analysed, and a tensile class table was introduced in EN 338 (2016). The new strength profiles are the preferred option for glulam production. The requirements for softwood glulam are regulated in EN 14080 (2013). So far, no tension classes exist for hardwoods. The EN 338 lists for hardwood specimens only so-called "D" classes based on the bending strength. The other properties, like tension strength, are assigned by the default on the safe side using the equations listed in EN 384. For those classes, the ratio tension strength to bending strength is declared on the safe side 0.6. However as shown by Burger & Glos (1997) for higher quality timber higher ratio can be expected. New tensile classes for hardwoods would allow utilising the properties of hardwoods more efficiently. Whereas the old European standards EN 1194 and EN 14080 (2005) did not regulate species, the most recent version of EN 14080 (2013) is restricted to softwoods only. This means that hardwood glulam producers in Europe face additional costs for obtaining approvals for their products.


The endemic Australian genus Leptomeria(Santalaceae) is revised. Seventeen species are recognised, and two of these,L. ellytesand L. furtiva, are described as new. A key, descriptions, notes and distribution maps are provided for all species, as well as illustrations for selected taxa.


Monitoring flap perfusion is a helpful method of postoperative care allowing for proper early intervention in and salvage of a flap. The basic means of blood supply monitoring include the assessment of color, warmth, skin tension, and a pin-prick examination. Along with advances in microvascular surgery, methods of flap blood circulation assessment have been also developed. This paper presents the case of a peroneal artery propeller perforator flap for the treatment of a secondary wound resulting from an orthopedic complication of ankle arthrodesis. Blood glucose level (BGL) was used to monitor flap perfusion as an early indicator of possible venous congestion. It is well known that in case of vascular compromise, whether arterial or venous, the flap salvage rate depends on how fast the vascular problem is resolved. Arterial insufficiency is easily detectable, and the arterial flow may be also monitored with minidoppler, however venous insufficiency causes symptoms less dynamically. This fact emphasized the importance of early prediction of venous insufficiency before clinical symptoms appear. It is crucial that the time between pedicle impairment and clinical signs is as short as possible.


In this work, we propose an approach for Temporal Large-Eddy Simulation (TLES) with direct deconvolution. In contrast to previous approaches such as the Temporal Approximate Deconvolution Model (TADM) by Pruett et al. ["A temporal approximate deconvolution model for large-eddy simulation," Phys. Fluids 18, 028104 (2006)], the non-filtered velocity field is recovered using the differential form of the filter operation rather than from a truncated series expansion of the inverse filter operator. This direct deconvolution is used to obtain formal closure of an analytic evolution equation of the temporal residual-stress tensor. Thus, the Temporal Direct Deconvolution Model (TDDM) has advantages relative to the TADM in being both more accurate and requiring less computational effort. As for the TADM, a secondary regularization term based on selective frequency damping is employed. The TDDM was implemented in the spectral element code Nek5000 (Argonne National Laboratory, NEK5000 Version 17.0, 2019, https://nek5000.mcs.anl.gov) to simulate two canonical incompressible flows as three test cases: an a priori test case of Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence (HIT) at Reλ = 50, a greatly coarsened a posteriori HIT case at Reλ = 190, and an a posteriori highly anisotropic turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 180. Analyses of the energy spectrum, the mean flow, the root-mean-square of the velocity fluctuations, and the Reynolds stresses are presented. The results demonstrate a significant improvement compared to no-model solutions regarding the mean flow in the turbulent channel and the energy spectrum in the HIT case, while the computational cost is reduced dramatically compared to the direct numerical simulation.


ABSTRACT: In the history, herbs was used to prevent, heals diseases and sustain health. Herbs was usedfor cosmetic, nutrition, perfumery besides that medicine. lavander is one of these herbs isthat is most requested one of these herbs in Turkey and world. Lavender is what has 39kinds has limited production. In our country, Aydin and Isparta have lavender agricultureactively. Aromatherapy is the use of plants for medicinal purposes. Lavender is what inaromatherapy has narcotic, calmative, antidepressant, antibacterial, analgsic, antiseptic,anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antispasmodic, antioxidant, diuretic and healing effects ofburns and wounds. In the literature, advantages of lavender has been proven withrandomized controlled trials. Aim: Medical effects of lavender used for centuries and intented to be examined as a compilation of its uses.


Abstract This study analyses the integration of Mapuche-Huilliche students who participate in a school sport programme based on the teaching for understanding model in a situation of social risk. In this context, 41 students (aged nine to 12) participate, 24 of whom are from the aforementioned ethnic group. To collect data, participant observation was conducted for eight months and group and individual interviews were held. The results show that the Mapuche-Huilliche students recognize themselves as members of the same collective when participating in games associated with their ethnic group. Their main motives for participating in school sport are the teaching approach and the acquisition of social capital. Cooperative learning activities are shown to foster positive interactions with non-Mapuche students.


The technology used to locate the sources of shallow underground seismic activity is mainly used to assess underground damage, the positioning of bombs in ordnance test fields, and the positioning of charges in engineering blasting. Due to sensor acquisition clock errors and the lack of generalizability of vibration data, the current sourced location methods cannot easily meet the requirements of precise positioning and system reaction time in assessing near-field microseismic activity. Based on the seismic wave analysis technique and the deep reinforcement learning method, this paper proposes a dynamic model for locating shallow underground seismic sources. The model allows the generalization of low-dimensional vibration waves information to high dimensions through spatial scanning. The process of source detection is treated as a Markov process. The correspondence between the center of a source and a high-dimensional energy distribution is established, and training is then gradually performed using the deep reinforcement learning method. The optimization of the center of the source to accurately determine the position of the focal center is provisionally called the reinforcement learning source scanning algorithm (RL-SSA). In addition, a small site-based static explosion test shows that the positioning method can greatly improve the positioning accuracy (<1 m) in the location of near-field microseismic sources.


Research activities on gigacycle fatigue properties of materials have recently focused on the influence of specimen size used for ultrasonic fatigue tests. In order to increase the volume of material subjected to the maximum stress (risk volume) a new specimen shape with a Gaussian profile is proposed. An approximation of the Gaussian profile with an arc of circle is presented in the paper, in order to simplify the Gaussian specimen manufacturing process. The effect of the approximation is evaluated analytically and through a finite element analysis.


This paper proposes a market-based social game in which players earn and trade influence—expressed as Influence Dividends ("ID")—as currency, with the ultimate goal of drafting and qualifying low- to nobudget California ballot initiatives. The game's working title is "Preamble," after the famous second preamble of the United States Declaration of Independence.


PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and all-cause mortality in underweight older adults.METHODS: Data from the 2006 Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA) involving 348 study participants aged 60 years and older (58.0% women) was analyzed in this study. CRF was estimated with sex- and age-specific algorithms developed by the fitness registry and the importance of exercise national database (FRIEND). Participants were classified into lowest 25% (Q1), lower 25% (Q2), middle 25% (Q3), and highest 25% (Q4) on the basis of individual eCRF distributions. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to eCRF levels.RESULTS: During 7.8±3.2-year follow-up period, a total of 175 deaths occurred from all causes. Cox regression analysis showed that HR of all-cause mortality was 0.686 (95% CI, 0.474-0.991, p=.045) for Q2, 0.382 (95% CI, 0.253-0.575, p<.001) for Q3, and 0.248 (95% CI, 0.155-0.397, p<.001) for Q4 compared to Q1 as reference (HR=1). The HR of Q4 for all-cause mortality remained significant even after adjustments for covariates, including age and marital status.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that high eCRF is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in underweight older adults.


The presentation first gives an overview on the evolution of Lean Construction hitherto and analyses the drivers for new achievements as well as difficulties encountered. Among the drivers, especially the Toyota Production System, problematic characteristics of construction, digitalisation, and sustainability accentuate; in those characteristics, one-off products, site production and temporary project organisation are especially commented. The second part of the presentation addresses new practical developments in Lean Construction, occurring currently and in near future. The Toyota Production System continues to evolve, and the newest methods deserve to be adopted in construction. First experiences regarding the new quality method of Ji Koutei Kanketsu (JKK) are discussed. Takt production, as a way to overcome problems usually seen in site production and temporary project organisations, is analysed. The opportunities for mutual support between lean and the digital are illustrated through the cases of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Digital Whiteboards. Finally, moving to the area of sustainability, the role of lean in circular construction is covered.


This study aimed to compare the effect of jainus syrup and Ondansetron syrup on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

The present study isa single-blindrandomized clinical trial that was conducted on 120 pregnant womenreferred to the health centers of Hamadan during 2017-2018 year.The participants were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention with 60 subjects in each group.Two groups of 60 received jalinus syrup and Ondansetron syrup for 7 days. Data collection tools, demographic questionnaire, and information associated with pregnancy, and PUQE-24 questionnaire were used to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting, and questions related to the assessment of side effects as well asparticipants' level of satisfaction with the treatment were provided. All the data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

The severity of nausea and vomiting in both groups decreased after the intervention, but considering the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of severity of nausea (P <0.05). According to the Chi-square test, the severity of nausea of all participants was moderate in both groups before taking the medication, and after taking the medication, the severity of nausea reduced in most participants and they were placed in the mild group.

Education based on the theory of planned behavior could significantly affect the fear of childbirth and increase the vaginal delivery rate

Due to the similar effects of jalinus syrup and Ondansetron syrup in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the absence of side effects arising from its use, herbal medicine can be used instead of chemical drugs.


Background: The soft tissues injury in periarticular fractures of the lower extremities determines the proper time to perform bone fixation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the intra and interobserver agreement in the Tscherne classification. Methods: This is a descriptive, prospective study for patients admitted to the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital (PTUH) with tibial plateau or tibial pilon fractures. We performed a standardize evaluation using video photography at the time of admission and 24, 48, and 72 h after admission. Fifteen five reviewers who had various levels of training produced a total of 1,200 observations. The intra- and interobserver agreement was assessed using a weighted kappa for multiple raters and more than two categories. Results: Twenty patients were admitted with tibial plateau and tibial pilon fractures. The intraobserver agreement for all 15 raters was kappa 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), and the interobserver agreement for all 15 raters was kappa 0.65 (95% CI 0.55-0.73). The interobserver agreement at 24 h was kappa 0.67 (95% CI 0.46-0.86). Conclusions: Classifying the severity of soft tissue injury is critical in planning the surgical management of fractures of the lower extremities. Based on our results, we can reasonably argue that the Tscherne classification produced an adequate level of agreement and could be used to standardize and to guide the treatment, and to conduct research studies.


Financial markets have suffered the greatest dislocation following the truly seismic significance of the global financial crisis. Regulators argue that the banking sector played a particularly special role in triggering the causes of the subprime debacle, thereby leading to the occurrence of the global financial crisis. Banks previously functioned as only a financial intermediary, but certain developments in the international banking sector like deregulation, technological progress, consolidation and competition, securitisation and financial innovation, resulted in banks being involved in subprime lending activities and hence, a reason behind the financial turmoil. The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the special role of banks in the global financial crisis and to stress on the need for increased regulation and their implications on the banking sector. The current study will thus contribute to the examination of the salient features of the global financial crisis and provide regulatory suggestions for the banking sector and the government as a whole.


While actual demonstration of 'family life" in the classroom is a virtual impossibility, a technique for teaching family sociology is presented as a quasiempirical substitute for empirical demonstration offamily phenomena. In addition to the standard requirements of reading and testing, students were required to make contact and visit weekly with an on-going family in the community. The guided observations made formed the basis for group discussions as to the internal dynamics of the family as well as written reports. Though there are limitations to this approach, the technique met with enthusiastic response.


The invention provides a jack contact element and an electric connector. The jack contact element comprises a fixed part, a movable part and a metal braided sheath, wherein the movable part can move back and forth relative to the fixed part; the metal braided sheath is fixedly connected with the movable part through a first connection end and is fixedly connected with the fixe part through a second connection end; an insertion space into which a contact pin contact element is inserted from front to back is formed in an inner hole of the metal braided sheath; the movable part comprises a plug position which drives the first connection end to move towards the second connection end, so that the inner diameter of the metal braided sheath is gradually increased to be greater than the outer diameter of the contact pin contact element, in the backward movement process; and the movable part comprises a working position which drives the first connection end to move far away from the second connection end, so that the inner diameter of the metal braided sheath is gradually reduced to be smaller than the outer diameter of the contact pin contact element, in the forward movement process. The jack contact element provided by the invention does not abrade the contact pin contact element in the plugging process when used, and the service lifetime is greatly prolonged.


Objective To discuss the treatment value of the Simvastatin combined with Fenofibrate in the treatment of mixed hyperlipidemia.Methods Selected 186 cases with mixed hyperlipidemia in our hospital out-patient treatment of Cardiology from January 2008 to January 2010.And were randomly divided into simvastatin group,fenofibrate group,simvastatin fenofibrate group(combined group),62 cases in each group.Simvastatin group received simvastatin 20mg,every day a time;fenofibrate group were treated with fenofibrate 200mg,once a day;combined treatment group were treated with simvastatin 20mg + Fenofibrate 200mg,once a day,all were treated for 3 months.Close observation during the treatment three lipid parameters,efficacy evaluation,and drug major side effects.Results Three groups had treated after 3 months,the serum total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglycerides(TG) than treatment decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) up than before treatment,the combination group TC,LDL-C,TG,and three levels of the decrease in the rate of increase of HKL-C were higher than the medication alone group.Conclusion Simvastatin and Fenofibrate treatment of mixed hyperlipidemia than single drug is more effective,more comprehensive improvement of the blood lipid levels,attention to master the methods and indications of medication,regular monitoring,has a good safety and tolerance by nature,is worthy of promoting.


In this paper, we present a novel multiple description transform image coding architecture, which uses an attractive transform called non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). It combines NSCT and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP) to give a sparse representation of images, aiming at solving the compression problem due to the redundancy property of NSCT. In this way, OMP turns to give a solution to remove the redundancies. We evaluate the performance of our image coder in the case of four descriptions that are dispatched over different channels. The experimentations show that the proposed method is efficient and the potential using NSCT than DWT in multiple description image coding, is evaluated by PSNR in each case of packet loss, where every description can reconstruct the image with acceptable fidelity, the later is much better if all descriptions are available.


The invention relates to a mobile office system, comprising a mobile terminal, an enterprise server and an access adapter; a customized browser is arranged in the mobile terminal and is connected with the access adapter; and the access adapter is connected with the enterprise server. The invention further relates to a mobile office method, which comprises that: the customized browser transmits page request information of the mobile terminal, the parameters of the mobile terminal and the parameters of the customized browser to the access adapter; the access adapter transmits the page request information to the enterprise server; when the access adapter receives the page information returned by the enterprise server, the adaptation operation is carried out according to the parameters of the mobile terminal and the parameters of the customized browser, and then the page information is transmitted to the customized browser. The mobile office system and method have the corresponding functions which are similar to a PC browser by the combination of arranging the customized browser in the mobile terminal and the access adapter at the side of the enterprise server.


The paper deals with Huashan-Xiongershan sub-mantle plume branch system.Xiaoqingling,Xiaoshan,Xiongershan and Lushan mantle branches and so on occur in the system.The branches are discussed in respect of their formation,evolution and relation to metallogeny.The conclusion is that there are two important metallogenetic series: Au-Ag-Mo-polymetallic deposit and Mo-W-Fe-Au-polymetallic deposit sereies.Although various hydrothermal deposits occur in the study area,such as quartz vein,altered catclastic rock and porphyry types they are all controlled by the mantle branches.The control explains the similarity of such different deposits in western Henan province.


The heterocubane [Rh(μ3-I)(C4H4BPh)]4 (1) reacts with Ag+ salts in acetonitrile to give the labile salt [Rh(NCMe)3(C4H4BPh)]BF4 (2). This salt 2 reacts with hexamethylbenzene (hmb) to give the arene complex [Rh(C4H4BPh)(hmb)]BF4 (3), and with mesitylene [Rh(1,3,5-C6H3Me3)(C4H4BPh)]BF4 (4) is obtained. Complex 2 loses acetonitrile under vacuum to produce the polymeric salt catena-[{Rh(μ,η5:η6-C4H4BPh)}BF4]x (5). Insight into the essential structural features of this polymer provided its radial distribution function obtained from a wide-angle X-ray scattering experiment. When treated with acetonitrile, complex 5 regenerates 2 and with pyridine affords [Rh(py)3((C4H4BPh)]BF4 (6). Crystallization from a solution of [Rh(μ3-I)(C4H4BPh)]4 (1) and the corresponding methylborole complex [Rh(μ3-I)(C4H4BMe)]4 (1/1) in CH2Cl2 produces the trinuclear complex (η5-C4H4BPh)Rh(μ3-I)3Rh(μ,η5:η6-C4H4BPh)Rh(η5-C4H4BMe)·CH2Cl2 (7) with a bridging μ,η5:η6-C4H4BPh ligand; complex 7 was characterized by an X-ray structure determ...


This chapter examines the syntax and semantics of sentir 'to feel' in simple and complex structures. Based on data from Mexican Spanish, we corroborate the polysemy of this verb, and we point out that different complement types (and verb forms) denote particular subjective connotations (emotions, attitudes, thoughts, evaluations, viewpoints). We propose that nominal complements correlate with an unmediated physical and emotional perception of an object, while clausal complements report a thought towards a proposition. What we called predicative elements (mainly adjectives and past participles) describe the state, quality, or property of the perceived object. In the last structure, the verb form is sentirse , and both the verb and the perceived state form a complex predicate.


In identifying of non--linear model and forecasting non--even signal, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has obvious advantages over traditional forecasting models, but ANN structure has great influence on forecasting and identifying precision. In this paper BP neural network model which is used most widely is aimed at, the sunspot data is utilized, and the structure of ANN (including input layer node number and hidden layer node number) and the admitted training error MSE (Mean of Squared Error) are analyzed in order to rnake out how they affect the forecasting precision of ANN. It is found that the optimum network possesses a specific structure (including input layer node number and hidden layer node number) and converges on an optimum position which is direct related to MSE target value and is not the whole optimum position. On this basis, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize ANN model. The node number of input layer, the node number of hidden layer for 3 -- layer BP network, and MSE target value are optimized, then the optimum forecasting model of BP network is obtained. At last, an example shows that the analysis of influence factors for forecasting precision of ANN model is correct.


This paper provides a brief historical about mining coal exploration in Southern region of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) and the main environmental impacts in the water resources at this activity and the legislations on area rehabilitation. The Carboniferous region has an area of 1.850 km in Araranguá, Tubarão and Urussanga river basin where exists distributed several plants mine. The main environmental problem related to coal mining activity is the disposition of waste/tailings produced during the stages of exploration and processing. These waste/tailings contain the pyrite mineral that increase the formation of acid mine drainage (ADM), dissolving metals and getting the water inadequate for human consumption and agricultural activities.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research . International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. . © Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 244 Lamia A. Al-bedair* Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University *Corresponding author's E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The uncertainty of the measurement result of form error is influenced by the uncertainties of the direct measurement data that is used in the calculation.In view of the characteristics of the measurement of form error,the probability distribution of the reading values and direct measurement results of measurement points are deduced based on the maximum entropy method, the probability theory and statistics.It is concluded that it is reasonable to regard the uncertainty distribution of reading values as uniform distribution and the uncertainty distribution of direct measurement results of measurement points as normal distribution.


Wireless sensor networks can be used by the military for a number of purposes such as monitoring militant activity in remote areas and force protection. Being equipped with appropriate sensors these networks can enable detection of enemy movement, identification of enemy force and analysis of their movement and progress. The focus of this article is on the military requirements for flexible wireless sensor networks. Based on the main networking characteristics and military use-cases, insight into specific military requirements is given in order to facilitate the reader's understanding of the operation of these networks in the near to medium term (within the next three to eight years). The article structures the evolution of military sensor networking devices by identifying three generations of sensors along with their capabilities. Existing developer solutions are presented and an overview of some existing tailored products for the military environment is given. The article concludes with an analysis of outstanding engineering and scientific challenges in order to achieve fully flexible, security proved, ad hoc, self-organizing and scalable military sensor networks. Keywords— wireless sensor networks, military sensor applications, joint intelligence surveillance reconnaissance (JISR), military sensors, energy efficient routing, WSN generations.


There are three main statutory tasks for universities of applied sciences in Finland: 1) education; 2) research and development; and 3) regional development. In this continuum of research, the overall research question is: How can the regional development task be understood, designed, defined and actualized in UAS? This question would extend to: 1) what are the characteristics of the dynamic and core capabilities in a region; and 2) how the regional capabilities can be linked to the competences, curriculum, related theories, R&D, and creativity activities in context of UAS. In this study, the research question is: how can the regional development be designed and actualized in perspective or collaborative R&D in the UAS? The used research method is a case study analysis. According to three tasks, UASs should work closely with companies and collaborate with the public sector, regional participants and R&D actors. Then, in the focus, there are development efforts that foster regional development and take into account the structure of a region. Key-Words: Case Study Analysis, Curriculum, Integrative Action Process, Integrative Research Framework, Methodology, Networked Expertise


A method of applying a paste-like mass, wherein the pasty composition for later sealing connection of the first component (11) with a a similar construction to the first connection face application face of a second component used, - in which method the paste mass out of an outlet opening (7) is pressed out an application nozzle (6), - the pasty mass spatially defined on a connection surface of the first component (11) is applied in the form of a bead, - moving the controlled application nozzle (6) and / or the first component (11) by means of an industrial robot (5), - the pasty mass by means of a feed pump (2) from a reservoir (1) is taken out for the paste mass, so that the pasty mass through a supply line (3) to the application nozzle (6) towards promoted and - the interrupt or release the flow of the paste mass in the vicinity of the outlet opening (7) of the application nozzle (6) within the last fifth of the length of the entire ...


Since the early years of its discovery, Ameri-can trypanosomiase has been seen as a disease dueto indirect damage via inflammation due to theimmune response of a host against systemic tissuecolonization by the Trypanosoma cruzi (Vianna1911, Magarinos Torres 1928). The expression ofthis immune response has been studied over thecentury, but the mechanisms involving the patho-genesis of this disease are not well understood andremain a matter of debate (Kierszenbaum 1985,Hudson 1985).Although there are many difficulties in corre-lating the chronic form of the disease in mice andhumans, the mouse model has been the most stud-ied. In addition, experimental American trypano-somiasis in mice has been proposed as a model forthe study of autoimmune diseases. It has been em-phasized that T. cruzi infections in mice offer anattractive means of investigation for the inductionof autoimmunity and its consequences by (1) shar-ing of antigenic determinants (Acosta et al. 1985);(2) alteration of host cells surfaces by adsorptionof T. cruzi released antigens (Muniz et al. 1970,Ribeiro dos Santos & Hudson 1980 a,b); (3) ex-pressing parasite antigens on the surface of infectedcells (Araujo 1985).Moreover the parasite can invade either theprimary (Savino et al. 1989, Goncalves da Costaet al. 1991) or the secondary lymphoid organs(Brener & Chiari 1963, Goncalves da Costa et al.1984) transforming them into target organs sinceparasite antigens may transform the microenviron-ment and induce the destruction of transformedcells by cytotoxic lymphocytes. This process wasdescribed acting against sensitized neurons andmuscle fibers (Kuhn & Mumane 1977), but it mayoccur systemically. Systemic infection occurs inimmunocompromised hosts (Goncalves da Costaet al. 1984) as well as in normal ones (Lenzi et al.1996). The systemic and intense infection observedin mice has a correlation with severe clinical casesdescribed in man by Chagas (1916), who wasworking mostly with children.The balance of host/parasite relationship ap-pears in some instances as the intensity of inflam-matory infiltrate versus the parasite load. Experi-mental models allow the development of two po-lar expressions of this relationship: (1) absence ofan inflammatory reaction in athymic nude mice;(2) an enhancement of myocarditis in infected micewhere cyclophosphamide is given two days beforeinfection (Goncalves da Costa et al. 1984,Calabrese et al. 1996). An enhancement of myo-carditis has been also observed in dogs after CYtreatment (Andrade et al. 1987).Immunomodulation can alter the flux of inflam-matory cells to the site where the parasite or itsantigens persist as well as the nature of the inflam-matory type and subsets.Contradictory results have been reported in dif-ferent experimental studies upon superinfections.More severe lesions have been reported histo-pathologicaly in superinfections than in prime-in-fected mice (Fernandes et al. 1966), while otherauthors have shown very similar lesions in bothgroups in assays using genetically characterized T.cruzi clones (Lauria-Pires & Teixeira 1996).Recently, it has been observed that mice thatbecome chronically infected by a vaccination pro-cedure using BCG associated with T. cruzi flagel-lar fraction antigens present a severe myosite aftera superinfection with the same strain. This inflam-matory infiltrate has shown a significant partici-pation of eosinophils in comparison with lesionsof prime-infected mice (manuscript in preparation).Little information has been brought out by the au-thors, but the occurrence of eosinophilia in the laststages of the acute period of infection was reportedin patients by Emanuel Dias (1912). The role ofeosinophils in antibody-dependent cellularcytotoxity (ADCC) has been reported in in vitro


Aiming at the problem of blocked pipe in coal slurry pipeline transportation process, the transportation experiment platform of coal slime pipeline is built for experiment and research. In order to analyze the pressure distribution and the blockage position of the pipeline, the data processing method was presented which combined average median filtering method and Lab VIEW-AMFL, the data acquisition system of coal slurry pipeline pressure was designed, include of the upper machine and lower machine. Here, the STC12C5A60S2 as the core of the system, collected coal slurry pipeline multiplex pressure data at different position, transmitted the data to the upper machine of Lab VIEW through the RS-232 serial communications, next, analyzed and displayed these data. And many experiments and tests were completed by simulating obstruction of different degree, achieved the multi-channel data acquisition system in Lab VIEW environment, the speed and accuracy of this method are higher than the traditional method.


This paper is about the computation of constrained optimal controls for series interconnections of heterogeneous sub-systems with linear discrete-time dynamics. The optimal control problem is first formulated in a form that is amenable to iterative solution by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). It is observed that this technique yields per-iteration computational burden that scales linearly in the both the number of systems along the cascade and the length of the time-horizon. Moreover, parallelization of the computation across a network of processors is possible with an information exchange architecture that mirrors the cascade structure of the system. Recent work, which also spatial structure within the context of interior point methods for the problem, achieves per-iteration computational cost that scales linearly in the cascade length, but cubically in the time horizon. On the other hand, interior point methods will typically take significantly fewer iterations to converge than the proposed first order method. With this in mind, convergence of the latter is explored numerically as the number of sub-systems and time horizon are varied.


AbstractTwo high-salinity soils with different types of salts were tested to assess the effects of freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles on their volumetric and low-temperature shear behavior. The testing progr...


A.--Clinical and immunological responses to T.A.B.T. vaccination are not affected by a previous attack of measles, provided the period between the onset of the rash and the time of vaccination is more than four weeks and the patient has clinically recovered from the measles and any complications. Though immune responses, such as the tuberculin reaction, are temporarily depressed by measles the effect rarely persists for more than four weeks. The marked leucopenia of the prodromal period is even more transient. The leucocyte count returns to normal soon after the rash appears. There is no reason, therefore, why T.A.B.T. should not be administered in the case in question.


The conservative legal movement has been gaining traction for nearly half a century and owes much of its success and incorporation into mainstream American politics to the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies (FedSoc). After a blockbuster 2021 term, many Americans noticed the power of a new conservative supermajority on the Supreme Court. This ideological composition is the result of decades of careful training of American jurists by FedSoc affiliates paired with tactful political maneuvering to allow their originalist allies to ascend to the highest level. The insurmountable conservative supermajority at the Supreme Court leaves left-of-center interests with little choice than to concentrate efforts at intermediate federal appeals courts. The recent rulings' policy implications, including those considered by our colleagues in this symposium such as gun control, abortion, environmental regulation, free speech, free exercise, as well as tribal sovereignty, do not bode a welcoming Supreme Court for litigation strategies supporting the goals of left-of-center or


In this study a distributed error observer is designed in order to estimate the deviation between the states of the leader and follower agents in a chaotic or hyper-chaotic multi-agent system. The proposed algorithm can tolerate bounded uncertainties and disturbances in estimation by tuning the observer parameters. It is assumed that there exist at least one follower which is directly connected to the leader and other followers just have at least one path to it. The finite-time convergence of the observer, regardless of agents' initial conditions, is proven using a set of appropriate Lyapunov functions and the convergence time limit equation is introduced. To show the effectiveness of proposed method simulation results are reported.


A carrot-inspired solar thermal evaporator exhibits a water evaporation rate of 2.04 kg m−2 h−1 and an outstanding durability and stability.


This paper addresses the analysis and evaluation of energy measuring devices for the operation in the manufacturing industry. The focus lies on the comparison and scoring of energy meters regarding their performance spectrum against the backdrop of an energy controlling. Based on the fundamentals of electro technical metrology, the main measurement parameters were identified which are necessary for the purpose in the manufacturing industry. Further, capability characteristics for the differentiation of electricity meters were defined. With this, a classification of meters into a basic, a standard, an advanced and a premium class was undertaken. It is shown, that the advanced class is sufficient for the permanent monitoring of electricity consumption in the lights of energy controlling.


The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of
Oligocene and early Miocene Paragloborotalia and
Parasubbotina are reviewed. The two genera are
closely related; Paragloborotalia was derived from
Parasubbotina in the early Eocene. Parasubbotina
was more diverse during the middle Eocene, while
Paragloborotalia experienced considerable diversification during the mid-Oligocene and in the latest
Oligocene-earliest Miocene. A significant finding has
been the synonymization of Globorotalia (Tuborotalia) mendacis Blow, and Turborotalia primitiva Brӧnnimann and Resig with Globorotalia birnageae Blow.
The following species from the time interval of interest are regarded as valid: Paragloborotalia acrostoma
(Wezel), Paragloborotalia birnageae (Blow), Paragloborotalia continuosa (Blow), Paragloborotalia
incognita (Walters) Paragloborotalia kugleri (Bolli),
Paragloborotalia mayeri (Cushman and Ellisor),
Paragloborotalia nana (Bolli), Paragloborotalia opima
(Bolli), Paragloborotalia pseudocontinuosa (Jenkins),
Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri (Blow), Paragloborotalia semivera (Hornibrook), Paragloborotalia siakensis (LeRoy), Parasubbotina hagni (Gohrbandt),
and Parasubbotina varianta (Subbotina).
Paragloborotalia is a long-lived group of
planktonic foraminifera that spanned the early Eocene to late Miocene and provided the root stock for
the evolution of multiple smooth, nonspinose, and
keeled globorotaliid lineages during the Neogene.
The early Oligocene forms of Paragloborotalia (nana,
opima, siakensis, pseudocontinuosa) have 4 or 5 globular chambers in the final whorl with radial spiral
sutures and a broadly rounded periphery. A trend
from radial to curved spiral sutures is observed in
late Oligocene and earliest Miocene lineages. Most
species of Paragloborotalia had wide distributions,
but some were more common in tropical to warm
subtropical waters (e.g., siakensis, kugleri) and were
especially dominant in the equatorial Pacific divergence zone (e.g., nana, opima, and pseudocontinuosa)
analogous to modern tropical upwelling Neogloboquadrina. Other species thrived in cool subtropical
and temperate waters (e.g., acrostoma, incognita).


Homegardens are a common smallholder agroforestry system in Indonesia and throughout the tropics. These species- rich, tree-based systems produce non-wood and wood products for both home use and market sale. Due to their high biomass, these systems simultaneously offer potential for carbon (C) storage. While small size limits the amount of C stored by individual smallholder agroforestry systems, on a per area basis these systems can storage as much C as some secondary forests. In aggre- gate, smallholder homegarden agroforestry systems can contribute significantly to a region's carbon budget while simultaneously enhancing smallholder livelihoods. A field study in Lampung, Indonesia indicates that homegardens with an average age of 13 years store 35.3 Mg C ha -1 in their above-ground biomass, which is on par with the C stocks reported for similar-aged secondary forests in the same area. However, to compare accurately the C stocks of different land-use systems a scale is required that adjusts C stocks of the systems' ages and rotation lengths to a common base. The time-averaged C stock, which is half the C stock at the maximum rotation length, serves this purpose. Our projections reveal that, depending on management options, the time-averaged above-ground C stocks of homegarden systems could vary from 30 to 123 Mg C ha -1 . These projected time-aver- aged above-ground C stocks of homegardens are substantially higher than those of Imperata-cassava systems (2.2 Mg C ha -1 ), which is an extensive vegetation type in the study area. If homegarden systems and other smallholder tree-based systems were to expand in currently degraded and underutilized lands, such as Imperata grasslands, the C sequestration potential would be about 80 Mg C ha -1 , with considerable variation depending on species composition and management practices. Clear opportunity exists


The text «The educational thought in John Locke and the attention to the Physical Education» explains the John's thought Locke (1632-1704) in what refers to the education. In a first moment, the author's contextual and theoretical budgets are presented in connection with the concept of idea and the place of the experience. In a second moment, it is exposed, in a descriptive way, the education conception in John Locke, as Education 'Physics', 'Moral' and 'Intellectual'.


There are at least three subtypes of cloned metabotropic P2 receptors linked to intracellular Ca2+ rises in rat brain cells, namely, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4. In this study we explore the subtypes of the metabotropic P2 receptors seen in freshly isolated astrocytes (FIAs) from P8‐P25 rats. We found by single cell RT‐PCR that in process‐bearing FIAs from hippocampi of P8‐P12 rats, 31% of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA (+) cells expressed P2Y1 mRNA while only 5% of the cells tested expressed P2Y2 mRNA. The expression of P2Y1 receptor mRNA was not changed in FIAs from the hippocampi of P18‐P25 rats, but 38% of the GFAP mRNA (+) cells in the P18‐P25 age group then showed P2Y2 mRNA. We also studied whether the mRNA was expressing functional receptor protein by measuring Ca2+ responses to specific agonists for P2Y1 and P2Y2. We found that similar proportions of GFAP mRNA (+) FIAs responded to ATP or UTP as showed mRNAs for P2Y 1 and P2Y2, respectively. Total tissue RNA from P9 and P24 rat hippocampus showed a 2.8‐fold increase in P2Y2 mRNA levels from P9 to P24 with a decrease in P2Y1 mRNA. Thus, this study shows a marked up‐regulation of mRNA for P2Y2 from 9 to 24 days in rat hippocampus, and some of this increase is likely due to the protoplasmic astrocytes which is being translated into functional receptor protein in these cells.


Efforts to communicate health risk information and to protect the health of groups exposed to toxic substances are on the rise.1,2 However, such activities often take place in situations of intense communityconflict.3 The basis ofthe conflictmay be a longstanding debate in a community over the existence of toxic dumps or polluting factories. Or, after notification, lawsuits and citizen action may create new tensions. Political, economic, or cultural tensions can affect both risk perceptions and participation in health protection efforts, yet they are seldom explicitly considered in risk communication activities.4 These often focus on strictly technological or medical issues, and are insensitive to the history of the problems, the economic concerns of the community, or cultural issues. For public health professionals, the first challenge is to develop notification and health protection activities that are tailored to the community situation.5 The second challenge lies in professional conduct when remediation may not be available or where resources may not be adequate to the purpose.6 This article presents a case study that illustrates some general issues and strategies for public health professionals who must deal with community tensions. The Drake Chemical Workers' Health Registry overcame community conflicts over a toxic exposure problem, and facilitated participation through the resolution of these conflicts. The Registry, one of the first efforts funded through the Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR), was created to deal with a major health threat to former chemical workers. The authors supervise the conduct of the registry, and their assertions should be viewed in that light. Governmental reports and memos from state government, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the Superfund of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) document the history of the exposure. Newspaper articles and interviews with community leaders outline the political issues. Finally, community perceptions are reflected in interviews withworker participants, a surveyofcommunity residents, and information provided by attorneys.


We describe in detail the behavior of an inhibitory Central Pattern Generator (CPG) network for robot control. A four-neuron, mutual inhibitory network forms the basic coordinating pattern for locomotion. This network then inhibits an eight-neuron network used to drive patterned movement. We show that we can get predictable control of important relationships such as the phase of the hip and the knee by adjusting tonic parameters. We demonstrate the basic concept both in a simulation that is used to drive a trotting bipedal robot as well as an aVLSI CPG chip that generates spiking burst patterns. Our results indicate that an inhibitory framework can generate simple, understandable and flexible networks for legged robot control that can be implemented in custom VLSI circuits.


The electrochemical deposition of Cu(CH3(CH2)12COO)2 was presented to make the stainless steel surface superhydrophobic. The substrate was polished by abrasive paper firstly to make the micro-structures on the surface, then rough surface was covered with the Cu(CH3(CH2)12COO)2 by the method of electrochemical deposition. By our experiment, the deposition time affects the wettability of stainless steel surface distinctly. When the deposition time is 3 hours, the steel surface has the best hydrophobic property, and the value of contact angle of the steel plate surface is about 154.5°.


sion that the first-line chemotherapy with plus cisSkin Ulceration Potential of platin implies a cost of approximately $18,200 per QALY gained in comparison with the standard treatPaclitaxel in a Mouse Skin Model ment with cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide. In Vivo This example shows that this combined application of the Q-TWIST and the Gompertz models can be useful in performing a lifetime cost-utility analysis in We have read with interest the recently published article by R. T. Dorr et al. about the skin ulcercancer patients. It should be stressed that this combined approach maintains some limitations of the ation potential of paclitaxel in a mouse skin model. Taxanes are increasingly being used in the treatment Gompertz method, and so can be applied only when measured survival (e.g., from time 0 to 48 months in of a variety of solid tumors; soft tissue injury in patients with paclitaxel extravasation has been deFigure 1) covers an area under the curve much greater than the extrapolated ''right tail'' (i.e., the area from 48 scribed, but no official recommendation for antidotal treatment has been formulated so far. For other months to infinity in Figure 1). Another disadvantage derives from the approximate nature of the utility coefcytotoxic drugs that are irritants or vesicants, recommendations for the use of antidotes after extravasaficients that have traditionally been used in previous Q-TWIST studies and that have been transferred tions are largely based on animal studies. Only few prospective clinical studies on this subject have been without modifications into the combined approach described herein. published. Hyaluronidase, an enzyme that increases the absorption of locally injected drugs by degrading hyalREFERENCES 1. Messori A, Trippoli S, Becagli P, Tendi E. Pharmacoecouronic acid, is recommended as an antidote after exnomic profile of paclitaxel as a first-line treatment for patravasation of the Vinca alkaloids vincristine and vintients with advanced ovarian carcinoma: a lifetime cost-efblastine; this recommendation is essentially based on fectiveness analysis. Cancer 1996;78:2366–73. the results obtained in the same mouse skin model. 2. Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Cavalli F. Quality-of-life-adjusted evaluation of adjuvant therapies for operable breast cancer. Therefore, the recent article by Dorr et al., which reAnn Intern Med 1991;114:621–8. ports that intradermal administration of hyaluroni3. Gelber RD, Lenderking WR, Cotton D, Cole BF, Fischi MA, dase diluted in saline immediately after an experimenGoldhirsch A, et al. Quality-of-life evaluation in a clinical tal paclitaxel extravasation in the mouse was an effectrial of zidovudine therapy in patients with mildly symptomtive antidotal manoeuvre, may have an impact on atic HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:961–6. 4. Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Cole BF, Wieand HS, Schroeder daily clinical practice, and we would like to contribute G, Krook JE. A quality-adjusted time without symptoms or information on the same subject by making a small toxicity (Q-TWIST) analysis of adjuvant radiation therapy but encouraging clinical observation. and chemotherapy for resectable rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Based on our positive experience using hyaluroniInst 1996;88:1039–45. dase after Vinca alkaloid extravasations, since 1995 5. Gelber RD, Cole BF, Goldhirsch A, Rose C, Fisher B, Osborne CK, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy plus tamoxifen compared we have also been using this antidote after extravasawith tamoxifen alone in post-menopausal breast cancer: tion of taxanes. This practice gave us the opportunity meta-analysis of quality-adjusted survival. Lancet 1996; to gather clinical data on seven patients, all of whom 347:1066–71. seemed to benefit from the manoeuvre. 6. Messori A, Cecchi M, Becagli P, Trippoli S. Lifetime cost-utility Hyaluronidase (250 units diluted in 6 mL normal analysis by extrapolated Q-TWIST. Abstract presented at the 2nd European Congress of the European Association of Hospital saline) was injected subcutaneously into and around Pharmacists, Porto, Portugal, March 13–15, 1997. the extravasation site with a 25-gauge needle; no hot 7. McGuire WP, Hoskins WJ, Brady MF, Kucera PR, Partridge or cold packs were applied to the site. Five patients EE, Look KY. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared had extravasations during the infusion, in a peripheral with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and vein of the forearm, of a solution of paclitaxel diluted stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1–6. in 1 L of normal saline. The final drug concentrations administered to the patients equalled 0.18, 0.195, 0.24, Andrea Messori, Ph.D. Michele Cecchi, M.D. 0.25, and 0.315 mg/mL, respectively. The patients were followed for a median of 21 weeks (range, 10–47 Paola Becagli, Pharm. D. Sabrina Trippoli, Pharm. D. weeks) after the administration of hyaluronidase. In all five of them, local symptoms of extravasation (pain, Drug Information Center Pharmaceutical Service swelling, and erythema) subsided without the need for further treatment. Two of the patients repeated Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi Florence, Italy paclitaxel administration for one more cycle and one


FIELD: optical instruments. SUBSTANCE: device has lower part of housing and at least one holder of optical fibers, connectors and adapters. Holders for adapters and connectors 51 and 52 are designed as separate member which provides possibility to be fixed on bottom of housing lower part 2. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities, increased number of adapters. 1 dwg


This article, while drawing a distinction between three kinds of corruption– transactional, constitutional and political, dwells on an analysis of the latter with particular reference to the time stemming out of the call for confidence by the Manmohan Singh coalition government in India in 2008. It also makes a case for controlling the proliferation of parties, while acknowledging the need for political parties for a successful working of a democracy. The plea is to stop small, splinter parties based on individual personalities rather than any ideology, and provide proper political conduct devoid of opportunism.


Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on pregnant women with major depressive disorder (MDD). This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the clinical applicability of omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression in pregnant women. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared omega-3 fatty acids to placebo for short-course treatment of depression in pregnant women were systematically reviewed between March 1999 and April 2015. The search terms used were 'depression', 'omega-3 fatty acids', 'fish oil', 'eicosapentaenoic acid' and 'docosahexaenoic acid'. Standardized difference in means of depression scale was used as the main outcome. Random effect model was used. The effects of baseline depression scores were studying by meta-regression analysis. patients received omega-3 fatty acids. The pooled standardized difference in means was 0.75 with 95% CI= (0.47, 1.04). The baseline depression scores had no effect on the efficacy. None of the recruited patients was withdrawn.


There is a growing population of men with erectile dysfunction (ED), which is probably closely related to increasing age of the population, but also the result of the epidemic of conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome.


David S. Saxon, President University of California I appreciate the opportunity to talk about agriculture and its importance in the University of California. I hope to assure you that the agricultural sciences are vitally important to the University in spite of the controversy which surrounds some aspects of our program just now. But before I speak specifically about agriculture and its place in the University, I want to talk a little about the University's future. The University of California can anticipate two major changes in the decade of the eighties. First, we can expect a decline in our student population. Demographic studies predict a 15 percent decrease in the age group from which we draw our undergraduate students. This is expected to begin affecting the University about the middle of the decade. Not only will there be fewer students, but we expect a dramatic change in the ethnic mix of our student body and much greater representation from ethnic groups traditionally underrepresented in the University community. These students will bring different experiences and interests to our classrooms and laboratories. The University has initiated a revision of campus and long-range academic plans to provide flexibility to meet these changes. Second, the University faces great uncertainty about what support the state is able or willing to provide. It is quite likely that our resources will be constrained, for several reasons: 1. Faculty positions are allocated by the state on the basis of student enrollment. Fewer students mean fewer faculty. 2. Efforts to balance the federal budget will restrict funds available for research contracts and grants and student loans. Reductions in the USDA budget, for example, would be felt in less University support from that department. 3. All of us in the public sector can expect tighter budgets, because taxpayers want to see tax bills cut somehow, somewhere. Tax reform is inevitable and, in my opinion, overdue. So the University must anticipate the possibility of having fewer dollars to carry out its teaching, research, and public service missions. But that is not to say that what people expect of the University will be any less. We have a tradition of excellence which must be maintained. With shrinking resources, that is the biggest challenge we face.


It is more difficult to eliminate noise in color image than in gray image. In this paper, a method of color vector is described. Using this method, the noise in color image, which is made up of many monochromatic targets, can be restrained. Firstly, color vector is defined, and then the average of color vector is also defined. Secondly, a new analytical method of color vector is introduced. By calculating Euclidean distance between pixel, of which is analyzed, and averages of color vector of trained district, it is possible to segment rapidly the different monochromatic targets, which have been polluted. Thirdly, the images of monochromatic targets are smoothed separately. Finally, by combining the images of monochromatic targets that are processed and one of background, it is can eliminate noise in the color image greatly. The results of the method show that it is satisfy. The method is applicable to eliminate noise in image, which is made up of many monochromatic targets and complex background.


Entrepreneurial activeness is a barometer of regional economic development,and the entrepreneurial environment in this area is one of the most important influencing factors of entrepreneurial activeness. Economic society is not balanced in Inner Mongolia just because of the big span between the west and the east. Besides,the different geographical condition and the primary resources is another reason. Based on the Composite- index Assessment Method,this paper attempts to establish an assessment index system which is suitable for the entrepreneurial environment in Inner Mongolia,to evaluate the entrepreneurial environment of these twelve allied cities and furthermore find out why there are imbalanced entrepreneurial activeness from region to region. In this way,it's easy to provide some policy suggestions to improve the entrepreneurial environment in these twelve allied cities.


The electrochemical conversion process of CO2 into methanol using Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) has been done. The MEA consists of a Pt/C catalyst in the cathode and a Cu2O ZnO/C catalyst in the anode. The electrodes were made using the spraying method and then characterized using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) methods to determine the ECSA (Electrochemical Surface Area) and electrical conductivity values. Besides that, also X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electrode Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) analysis was to determine the crystal and morphological structure. The voltammogram from CV analysis indicated that the ECSA value on the Pt/C electrode was 7.2 m2/g and the Cu2O-ZnO/C electrodes as 0.69 m2/g. The electrode's electrical conductivity value with Pt/C catalyst was 1.15 x 10−3 S/cm, and the electrode with Cu2O-ZnO/C catalyst was 0.80 x 10−3 S/cm. The results of the XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Cu2O and ZnO on the Cu2O-ZnO/C electrode and Pt on the Pt/C electrode. Meanwhile, the results of the SEM-EDX analysis showed that the Pt/C catalyst was spread more evenly with a larger percentage than Cu2O and ZnO. The result of the conversion of CO2 to methanol was measured using a methanol analyzer with variations in KHCO3 electrolyte concentration, variation of temperature operation, and variation of time operation. The best methanol concentrations after distillation process were 79.06 w/v %, with 1 M KHCO3, at room temperature and 2 hours operation.


We present a dynamic global radio-frequency survey of noise observed from the FORTE satellite at 800 km altitude.This is a survey of squared amplitudes in 44 sub-bands each spaced by 0.5 MHz centered at 38 MHz (``lo-band'') and 44 sub-bands spaced by 0.5 MHz centered at 130 MHz (``hi-band''). More specifically, we survey the distribution of , where R2 is the squared amplitude at a given frequency and is the most recent mean squared amplitude. The definition of ``most recent'' ranges from 10 microseconds to 10 s. We also vary the fraction of the update period used to compute the mean from 0.1% to 100% of the period. We define 13 geographic regions and analyze signal-free regions of event data generated from 1997 to 1999. We use cross validation to adequately sample the distribution of across time. Summary statistics presented include percentiles of the distribution and fractions exceeding thresholds in each of 44 frequency bands spaced by 0.5 MHz for the lo and hi frequency bands in each of the geographic regions.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using Buxton model in the acquisition of mathematical concepts among fifth grade students and their attitudes towards mathematics. The researcher selected fifth grade students at Khalid Bin Al-Waleed and Ruqaya Bint Al-Rasoul schools in Irbid city and randomly selected an experimental group of (40) students from both schools, and a control group (44) students. The Buxton model was applied to the experimental group in the integers chapter. Teaching plans were developed for both groups, building a test in the acquisition of mathematical concepts and a scale of the trend towards mathematics. It was presented to a group of experts and specialists in the methods of teaching mathematics to find its reliability and to find also the ease, difficulty and discrimination factors. After applying the test and scale on both groups, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the test of acquiring mathematical concepts for the benefit of the experimental group, and the absence of statistically significant differences between the students of the experimental group and the absence of statistically significant differences between the two groups in the scale of the trend towards mathematics, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the students of the experimental group and for the benefit of students, the researchers concluded that the Buxton model has an important role in the acquisition of mathematical concepts for students, and recommended the use of Buxton model in secondary schools. Keywords: Buxton model, mathematical concepts, attitudes towards mathematics, Ease factor, Difficulty factor, Discrimination factor


We succeeded in efficiently generating single-photon pulses from an InAs/InP quantum dot at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. Our optical structure, named a single photon horn, can propagate over 95% photon pulses in InP substrate. We extracted the photon pulses through an anti-reflection coating on a substrate, and then we injected them into an objective lens. Total extraction efficiency from the quantum dot to the lens reached ∼11%, which was estimated using a photon correlation measurement. Furthermore we directly observed the single-photon pulse width ∼1.6 ns as an exciton lifetime in the quantum dot, which opens up the possibility of operating the single photon horn over 100 MHz.


Recently there has been great interest in structures designed to study the transport properties of electrons in n-GaAs. This follows years of theoretical and experimental effort aimed at developing ultra-high speed devices that utilize ballistic (collisionless) motion of electrons over short distances. While there has been little doubt that ballistic or at least quasi-ballistic motion occurs, the question has often arisen whether or not a sufficient fraction of the electron population remains ballistic over the length scale and at the carrier concentrations found in useful devices. Perhaps the most notable experiment to address this issue utilized a structure in which electrons are injected through a thin heterobarrier by tunneling and are collected by the high-pass (in energy) filtering action of a second, thicker heteroban-ier.' This experiment determined that about 50% of the electrons move quasi-ballistically through a 30-nm base region doped 1x10l8 ~rn-~. A similar structure using planar-doped barriers led to the conclusion that the ballistic mean free paths in n+ GaAs are a few hundred angstroms? in basic agreement with the former experiment. More recently the collector has been replaced by a double-barrier, resonanttunneling structure that passes only electrons in a narrow energy range, and spectrometric measurements were made on p-type mate~ial.~ In this paper we present a device in which both the analyzer and collector are double-barrier (DB) structures through which the electrons can tunnel with high probability. Fully ballistic electrons can tunnel through the entire structure and are thus detectable by measuring resonances in the I-V and its derivative curve. As we will see below, dramatic resonant-tunneling effects have been observed even at room temperature. The present structure, shown schematically in Fig. l(a), consists of a pair of GaAs/AlAs DB structures separated by a uniform interaction region of GaAs. Three samples were grown for the present study, with interaction region lengths of 25, 50 and 100 nm. In each sample, the interaction region was doped n-type 2x1017 cm-3 and the AlAs barrier and well regions were nominally undoped. The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 560 "Cy and individual mesa devices were fabricated by a standard sequence of steps. This included patterning of Ni/Ge/Au layers into dots on the epitaxial side of the wafer, followed by alloying of these layers with the GaAs to make Ohmic contacts. The individual mesas were defined by ion beam etching using the patterned metal as a mask. All of the I-V and dI/dV measurements were made on 8-pm-diameter mesas with a commercial probe station that enabled temperature reduction to about 85 K.


The neocortical origins of the anterior commissure in the acallosal, marsupial opossum were studied with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Following complete surgical transection of the anterior commissure, HRP was applied directly to the cut fiber tips. This procedure resulted in very large numbers of vividly labeled cells within the neocortex. The labeled cells were plotted and counted for comparison among cytoarchitectonic areas and among cortical layers. For comparative purposes, the neocortical origins of the corpus callosum are studied with the same procedure in the rat.


Over the last several years Lockheed Martin has invested IR&D funds to explore lowering the cost of ownership of Command and Control systems for DoD software intensive systems. Two key technologies that address this issue are developing software components that can be reused across a family of systems within the command and control domain and methods for reusing legacy system applications. This paper describes how these two approaches have been merged using Object Oriented Technology to provide a reusable framework for encapsulating legacy applications.The Object Oriented Technology (OOT) that we consider key to lowering cost of ownership and to strategies for reuse of legacy code is described as Design Patterns [Gamma] and Frameworks[Coplien]. Design Patterns exist at a level of abstraction that provides a high return on reuse investment because they model stable relationships that are not likely to change as a system evolves and which can be reused across systems [Coplien]. It is not the intent of this paper to describe these terms. Rather it is our purpose to illustrate the advantages of this level of OOT.


Immune system is one of the essential system that i s responsible for one's existence . The greatest e xample of immune system is created by nature itself . Our pu rpose in this paper is to make study immune system and to converge this study towards computer viruses detection. Abstract Immune system is one of the essential system that i s responsible for one's existence . The greatest e xample of immune system is created by nature itself . Our pu rpose in this paper is to make study of various aspects of artificial immune system and to converge this study towards computer viruses detection. provides protective measure to each species called the immune system that gives one the capability to defend itself . The foreign elements make attack on the body elements called non self an d self respectively .Various essential terms used in


Your editorial ( Injury Prevention 2006; 12 :209–10) on the 8th World Conference rightly deplored the lack of attention paid to Darfur, but overlooked another serious flaw in the program that dismayed many delegates, particularly those who are acquainted with the Middle East. What was in the minds of the organizers when they offered a plenary slot …


A system for predicting slopping events, utilizing BOS vessel vibration measurement, was re-introduced at SSAB EMEA's BOS plant in Lulea, Sweden. Improved slopping control was achieved by adjusting the lance position according to scrap quality and ore additions.