The noncentrosymmetric structure required for second-order optical nonlinearities can be induced in polymers by poling with an applied electric field. This gives any nonlinear constituents a preferred orientation in the glassy structure which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium. The slow relaxation into random orientation is of great importance in using such materials.


Encysted acanthocephalans belonging to the genus Centrorhynchus were found in the body cavities of Sorex araneus (common shrew) and Sorex minutus (pygmy shrew) from Boxworth, Cambridgeshire, U.K. Fifty percent of the male S. araneus and 67% of the male S. minutus examined were found to be infected, with the mean intensity (+/-SD) being 54.3 +/- 91.3 and 14.7 +/- 18.4, respectively. The species of Centrorhynchus in the shrews may be Centrorhynchus aluconis, which is distributed widely in tawny owls, Strix aluco, in the United Kingdom. Shrews appear to serve as paratenic hosts for C. aluconis.


Partial discharges (PD) measurements provide valuable information for the condition assessment of the high voltage insulation systems. PO tests have become a fundamental tool to determine the status of high voltage elements, contributing to the quality assurance in high voltage equipment. Some reasons for the increasing usage of DP tests are based in the effectiveness of the new developments presented to achieve more reliable diagnosis. During the last five decades different approaches have been developed and applied to PO measurement and processing techniques. Significant efforts have been made to deal with the most common problems arising in on-site and on-line measurements: high levels of noise and interferences, the emergence of different PO sources simultaneously and the difficulty of locating the site of the defects and to identify the type of defects. In order to overcome all these drawbacks, this paper proposes an efficient method based in advanced measuring and diagnosis techniques, with the aim to achieve a proper sensitivity in PD measurements and an accurate assessment of the elements insulation condition. In PD measurements the main factors that condition the signal acquisition, the subsequent processing and the capability to obtain an accurate diagnosis are: selection of a suitable detection technique together with the type of sensors and their bandwidth, implementation of an effective noise filtering tool, development of a defect localization method and implementation of PD classification techniques for pattern recognition and defect identification. All these factors have been considered in this study and a complete measuring method together with powerful diagnostic tools are presented. Measurements in a test object consisting in a one-phase cable system were accomplished with real insulation defects, with the aim to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the optimized analysis techniques.


The Boeing Company, under a contract award from NASA Glenn Research Center, studied and compared the potential performance of three different power system types for use in a notional high altitude, long endurance, remotely operated aircraft utilizing stored hydrogen as a fuel. Technology development feasible for each power system was identified based on a 2010 demonstrator vehicle operation. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and internal combustion engine (ICE) power system configurations were included in the study. Three different SOFC manufacturers', one PEMFC manufacturer, and a turbo-machinery supplier supported the power plant design and analysis, and system benefit analysis. Performance and weight parameters for the different power plants and the associated electrical and thermal management systems were analyzed in a vehicle endurance model. The SOFC-based power system showed the highest endurance results although it also has the lowest technology readiness level among the power plants considered.


A half-bearing (1) forms a cylindrical slide bearing (6) for supporting a shaft (7) for the revolving movement thereof when two such bearing halves (1) are combined. The bearing half (1) has two ends situated in the circumferential direction (2b), each having a plurality of extending in the circumferential direction grooves (3) without formation of any crush relief surface has.


The rise of hatred and vitriol on online forums and social networks has been a significant problem in the Internet Age. The aim of our project is to train an end to end deep learning models to classify a given Tweet as racist, sexist or neither. We first undertake a complete literature survey of the deep learning models used for this task till date and compare various approaches for this particular problem by implementing all the approaches. Our models surpass current state of the art performance on this dataset (for end to end deep learning models) in literature reaching a weighted macro F1 score of 0.85 and an AUROC of 0.91, primarily through improved model architecture and representations.


Paragangliomas are rare tumors that arise from extra-adrenal chromaffine cells. Paraganglioma are classed as functional or non functional based on production of catecholamines, similar pheochromocytoma the clinical presentation is non- specific. We present a case perioperative anesthesic management of accidental intra-operatively diagnosed precave paragonglioma wich was confirmed as pheochromcytoma. A 48 women presented paroxysms of hypertension and adrenergic symptoms including classic triad of episodic headache, sweating, and tachycardia. Abdominal sonography detected an adrenal mass; Surgical treatment is the only radical treatment. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a paraganglioma.


We consider a general class of infinite-dimensional linear systems, called regular linear systems, for which convenient representations are known to exist both in time and in frequency domain. For this class of systems, we investigate the concepts of stabilizability and detectability, in particular, their invariance under feedback and their relationship to exponential stability. We introduce two concepts of dynamic stabilization, the first formulated as usual, with the plant and the controller connected in feedback, and the second with two feedback loops. Even for finite-dimensional systems, the second concept, stabilization with an internal loop in the controller, is more general. We argue that the more general concept is the natural one, and we derive sufficient conditions under which an observer-based stabilizing controller with an internal loop can be constructed.


Critical Congenital Heart Disease's (CCHD's) are potentially life-threatening cardiac abnormalities where the systemic or pulmonary circulation is dependent on a patent ductus arteriosus and include those with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow, inter-circulatory mixing, and systemic hypoperfusion. The seven main CCHD's screening targets for neonatal pulse oximetry are hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia (with intact ventricular septum), Tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia and truncus arteriosus. Early diagnosis improves outcomes. Systematic review and metaanalysis of pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects in asymptomatic newborn babies revealed that the overall sensitivity was 76.5% and specificity was 99.9%. The false-positive rate was low when it was done after 24 hours from birth [1]. The American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest that routine pulse oximetry done on asymptomatic newborns after 24 hours of life but before discharge may detect critical CHD, incurs very low cost, and there is a low risk of harm [2]. European studies suggest that screening is cost-effective in identifying newborns with CCHD [3,4]. Over half of babies discharged with CHD detected in the first year of life were discharged from the hospital with a normal routine neonatal examination and the 6 week exam missed one-third of the patients [5]. In many countries, births are not attended and infants are discharged within hours of birth without medical evaluation by a qualified practioner. CCHD's will go undetected in this setting.


Objective To study the clinical and histopathological characteristics of calcifying epithelioma,the benign tumor of hair matrix. Methods Twenty-seven cases of calcifying epithelioma reported at Southwestern Hospital from 1980-2002 were reviewed and analysed retrospectively. Results Most of the cases were misdiagnosed clinically as sebaceous cysts,epidermal cyst and dermatofibroma.Seventy per cent of the cases aged below the 30. Female to male ratio was 2:1.Face,neck and upper limb were the most common sites for calcifying epithelioma. The size of the tumors ranged from 0.3cm to 3cm in diameter.Most of tumor tissues composed of shadow and basophilic cells were encapsulated,and stroma contained various amounts of calcification and inflammatory cells. Conclusion Calcifying epithelioma is shown to be a wide variety of clinical characteristics and are often misdiagnosed with other dermatoses.They should be considered along with other benign and malignant conditions in the clinical differential diagnosis of solitary firm skin nodules, especially occur in the head,neck and upper limb.


* Editor s Introduction * The Goal and Plan of the Course * I. Plato * Part I: True Being or the Idea * Introduction to Plato, Part I * Chapter 1: The Meaning of the Platonic Eidos * Chapter 2: Essence and Language * Chapter 3: Science and Essence * I. Opinion as the Negative of Science * Chapter 4: Science and Essence * II. Right Opinion as Intermediary * Chapter 5: Science and Essence * III. The Mathematical Intermediary * Chapter 6: Science and Essence (Conclusion) * IV. The Terminus of Science: Contemplation * Part II: The Idea of Being and Non-Being * Introduction to Plato, Part II * Chapter 1: The Question of Being in the Parmenides * Chapter 2: The Success and Failures of Platonism in the Sophist * Chapter 3: The Genesis of the Sensible in the Timaeus * Part III: Being and the Divine * Introduction to Plato, Part III * Chapter 1: The Problem of the Divine and pre-Socratic Philosophy * Chapter 2: The Divine in Plato * II. Aristotle * Introduction to Aristotle * Part I: Being as Being * Chapter 1: The Genetic Interpretation of Aristotle s Metaphysics * Chapter 2: Philosophy: Its Intention and Its Memory * Chapter 3: Philosophy and Its Aporias * Chapter 4: The Object of First Philosophy * Part II: Being and Substance * Introduction to Aristotle, Part II * Chapter 1: Sensible Substance: Substance as Substrate * Chapter 2: Sensible Substance (continued): Substance as Form * Chapter 3: Substance and the Individual * Chapter 4: Separated Substance


Effects of 'inset feeding' on microstrip antenna properties have been investigated by analysing the designed and experimental results. Dimensions of a single-patch antenna with this feed architecture have been optimized with an operating frequency of 11.74 GHz with the aim of using it to fabricate a superconducting microstrip array antenna for a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) communication system. In our observation, the antenna gain, resonant frequency and input impedance of the antenna are found to change with change of the feed architecture. A single-patch YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting antenna and a gold antenna with this optimized structure have been fabricated for the comparison of properties between these two types of antennas. The comparison of the gain between the YBCO superconducting and gold antennas measured at 77 K shows that the YBCO antenna has 1.8 dB higher gain than the gold antenna with an identical configuration.


The initial results are set forth of a study that was designed to assist local decision makers in indentifying the full range of transit financing techniques, more systematically assessing the pros and cons of each local case, and choosing among alternative courses of action. The report reviews innovative financing techniques, many of which entail joint development and the related notion of value capture, evaluates the financing potential, institutional feasibility, and apparent promise for widespread application in the transit field. The innovative financing techniques are grouped into 3 categories: land, taxes, assessments and charges; and public land acquisition. It appears that combination on innovative financing techniques could defray about 5 to 15 percent of the capital cost associated with certain fixed guideway facilities. The possible payoffs from innovative techniques include: broadening the financial base for transit establishing an equitable allocation of costs; and enhancing the cost, effective of transit involvement.


The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles on the photochemically induced fluorimetric (PIF) method was investigated in the determination of fenvalerate and deltamethrin insecticides. Physical and chemical variables affecting the sensitivity of the method were optimized. Linear calibration curves were established over more than two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection were 2.2–2.5 times lower in SDS micelles than in common organic solvents. The RSDs were between 3.7 and 5.2%. Application of the method to the analysis of commercial technical formulations and spiked water samples was evaluated. Satisfactory recoveries were found, ranging from 88.4 to 112.6%. The possible origins of the observed PIF enhancement effect in micellar solution are discussed.


OBJECTIVE
The study compared engagement in treatment and medication adherence of immigrants and nonimmigrants in early intervention services for persons with first-episode psychosis.

METHODS
This two-year longitudinal prospective cohort study recruited patients with first-episode psychosis who were entering early intervention services in Montreal, Canada (N=223). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, and social functioning were collected annually.

RESULTS
At two years, immigrants had more than three times the odds of attrition than nonimmigrants after the analysis controlled for potential confounding factors (first-generation immigrants: odds ratio [OR]=3.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-9.57, p=.049); second-generation immigrants: OR=3.65, CI=1.07-12.50, p=.039). Medication adherence was similar among those who remained in the programs.

CONCLUSIONS
During the two years after entering a program for first-episode psychosis, immigrants were more likely than nonimmigrants to disengage from treatment. Further research is warranted to understand this phenomenon and to improve the ability of services to engage immigrants with first-episode psychosis.


We present for the first time an investigation on the spraying modality for the pyroelectrohydrodynamic (pyro-EHD) system. We show that the pyro-EHD spray (p-Spray) works well in the range from far field (d > 10 mm) to near field (d < 2 mm) without the need of external voltage and without the needs to change the experimental apparatus in that wide range of distances. Because the proposed method works without a counter electrode, no limitations are connected with the geometric shape of the substrate on which the spray coating is deposited. We report on several examples of the formation of disperse sprayed droplets, whose size can be varied between hundreds of micrometers and hundreds of nanometers, as well as on the production of sprayed pattern footpaths. The results reported here demonstrate the direct writing of spray patterns of nano/microdroplets with different materials in a very wide range, that is, from low- to high-viscous liquid solutions. Finally, as an example of application, we show the use of...


Objective To discuss the relationship between carotid artery stenosis and its degree and blood pressure variability in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Carotid artery was detected byh ultrasonic in 236 cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction.According to ultrasound results they were divided into the stenosis group and non-stenosis group,According to the stenosis degree,patients were divided into the stenosis degree ≥50% group and stenosis degree 50% group.Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored,then the relationship between carotid artery stenosis and its degree and blood pressure variability were analyzed.Results ① The daytime systolic standard deviation(dSSD) [(12.87 ±4.15)mm Hg,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa],the daytime diastolic blood pressure standard deviation(dDSD) [(10.65±3.10) mm Hg] and the night systolic blood pressure standard deviation(nSSD) [(11.49 ±4.91) mm Hg] in the stenosis group were all significantly higher than those in the non-stenosis group [(10.91 ±3.51),(8.69±2.83),(9.53±4.61) mm Hg](t = 2.460,P = 0.015;t = 3.264,P = 0.001;t = 2.068,P = 0.040),while the proportion of dipper rhythm in the stenosis group(18.9%) was lower than that in the non-stenosis group(40.0%),the differences was sig nificant(χ2=11.573,P = 0.009).②dSSD [(14.23±4.35) mm Hg],dDSD [(11.29±3.20) mm Hg] and nSSD [(12.60±5.06) mm Hg] in the stenosis degree≥50% group were all significantly higher than those in the stenosis degree 50% group [(11.74±3.90),(9.87±3.12)(10.59±4.91) mm Hg](t = 4.081,P = 0.000;t = 2.993,P = 0.003;t = 2.695,P = 0.008),while the proportion of dipper rhythm in the stenosis degree ≥50% group(28.1%) was lower than that in the stenosis degree 50% group(40.1%),the difference was significant(χ2=8.252,P =0.041).Conclusion Blood pressure variability has relate to carotid artery stenosis and its degree,blood pressure variability greater prone to carotid stenosis and more severe.


From the point view of system optimization,how to get the optimal value of circulating hot water of shift process saturation-hot water tower was quoted.It was pointed out that decreasing the temperature of shift gas in hot water tower would achieve good effects of heat reclaiming.It emphasized the spraying LLC-Tray,i.e.New Vertical Sieve-tray Tower(NewVST) and newer high-efficient tridimensional successive mass transferring tray(LLC-Tray),which obtained good effect when applied in saturation-hot water tower revamping.All these show a wide industrial application future.


A tef-Acacia decurrens-charcoal production rotation system, a unique indigenous climate-smart agricultural technology of northwest Ethiopia, is increasingly seen as a promising strategy for improving soil properties. This study investigated the effect of the tef-Acacia decurrens-charcoal production rotation system on soil properties. In total, 112 soil samples (7 treatments × 4 depths × 4 replicates) were collected and analyzed inside and outside randomly selected charcoal production spots in the tef-Acacia decurrens-charcoal production rotation system and from an adjacent tef monocropping system. The soil properties examined generally exhibited significant variation between the tef monocropping system and the tef-Acacia decurrens-charcoal production rotation system, and between soil depths, as well as with respect to charcoal production spots in the system. The system resulted in a significant increase in SOC, TN, available phosphorus, available sodium, available nitrate and ammonium in general, and in total contents of K, P and Mn in the 0–20 cm depth. Charcoal production in the system significantly increased the total content of P, Al, and Fe, as well as the available nitrate and sulfate in the charcoal production spot. The variation in soil proprieties between the land use types and with respect to charcoal production spots in the TACP system were possibly due to the effect of the Acacia decurrens trees, and fire and fine charcoal residues from charcoal production, indicating the capacity of the tef-Acacia decurrens-charcoal production rotation system to improve soil properties.


Decayed ripened tomato fruit contaminated with spores and toxins with relatively heat resistant could poised food poisoning in humans and animals. This research investigated the effect of antibiotic sensitivity of fungi and bacteria isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit in Osogbo markets, Nigeria. One hundred decayed fruit of tomato were procured from three main markets (Igbonna, Oja Oba and Sabo) within the metropolis. Fungi and bacteria were cultured on Sabourand dextrose, MacConkey and Tomato juice agar media. Eight species of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and six fungi (Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium spp.) were isolated and characterized. Fungal isolates were highly virulent compared with bacteria in the decayed tomato fruit. Sabo market had the most prevalence fungi and bacteria isolates, while Igbonna and the Oja‒Oba markets followed in that trend. Mucor spp. and Bacillus subtilis exhibited the highest fungal and bacterial counts of 42×10 4 cfu g -1 each in the Sabo market. Chloramphenicol was the most suitable antibiotic for controlling both micro flora. Except B. subtilis, varied degrees of antibiotic sensitivities and resistances were observed on all the bacteria. Technological improvement of harvesting, packaging, handling, storage and preservation could reduce tomato fruit losses and invariably enhance shelf life and quality.


We propose an index that measures the relative degree of coalition voting by Justices on different supreme courts in tightly split opinions, an index of fluidity of judicial coalitions. We compute the index for the 1946 to 2014 period of the U.S. Supreme Court and one period of the Indiana Supreme Court and discuss the results.


Worldwide there is tremendous interest to explore the possibility of moving towards a cashless economy. Cashless economy is a situation in which the flow of cash within an economy is non-existent and all transactions are done through electronic media channels . Ours is a cash based society as most of people are illiterate, poor engaged in small transactions , having less banking habits , inaccessible banking services, lack of infrastructure to support non-cash payment and internet connectivity.For them cash is the most convenient and easy form of medium of exchange ,free from hassles .Today,when  credit cards and online payment services are becoming increasingly popular in urban India , paper currency  notes are still an essential part of daily life. Cash  provides individuals and families with liquidity .With the announcement of The Government of India (GoI) on 8th November 2016 about the demonetization of existing INR500 and INR1,000 currency notes and introduction of new notes , Indian economy has moved  towards a cashless economy . This move  will achieve the twin objective of economic growth and financial inclusion alond with less  maintenance costs of currency and proper  records of financial transactions and counterfeit currency .


The invention relates to a secondary-side rectifier of an inductive n-phase energy transfer system, N being great than or equal to three and the energy transfer system comprising in every branch (W, V, U) a resonant circuit with at least one inductance (LS) and at least one capacitance (CS) each, and the secondary-side resonant circuits being magnetically couplable to primary-side resonant circuits, the secondary-side resonant circuits being connected in a star connection or in a polygonal connection and being in contact with a rectifier via phase conductors (L1- LN).; The invention is characterized in that the rectifier has a series connection of N diodes (D1, Dk,..., DN) having the same forward direction, a smoothing capacitor (Cgr) being connected in parallel to the series connection and the output voltage (UA) of the rectifier being applied to the connecting points (A1, A2) of the smoothing capacitor (Cgr), the phase conductor (Lk) being connected to the anode of the diode (Dk) for all k = 1 to N, the terminal (A1) being in contact with the phase conductor (L1) and the cathode of the Nth diode (DN) being in contact with the connecting point (A2).


The directive meaning of Anglo-American female literature criticism to contemporary Chinese female writing is as follows: first,sexual awakening,second,inspired by "sisterhood",the group consciousness,being awakened third,casting off elite trap and forth,the self-examining and self-strengthening increased.


Malaysia's privatization program, which began in 1983, has been praised by some, while others have been less impressed. This paper describes the return of a privatized infrastructure after seven years to government hands after it had been relinquished to the private sector. Right from the beginning the privatized national sewerage scheme was plagued with controversy—from selection of a concession company, charge structure, and performance to ownership changes. The award of the infrastructure facility was made in the absence of competition. The charge structure accepted by the government was never revealed completely to the public. Inefficiencies and management blunders aggravated public sentiment. The change of ownership three times in as many years gave the impression of industrialists out to make quick money at the expense of public welfare. Despite copious government assistance, Indah Water Konsortium, the concession holder, became infeasible as an independent operating company. This case study provide...


The significant price drop for IPO stocks upon lockup expiration seems to contradict the market efficiency hypothesis. To gain insight into this phenomenon, I examine the trading activity and the information environment around IPO lockup expiration.
First, I find that active buyer-initiated trades increase significantly before lockup expiration, particularly for small-size trades and for stocks with high dispersion of market opinion and high visibility. I provide and evaluate three possible explanations for the money-losing active buying before lockup expiration, including negative supply shocks in the equity lending market, demand induced insider selling, and noise trading. The evidence is consistent with the noise trading explanation. Further, I find that before lockup expiration, IPO stocks typically announce optimistic quarterly earnings exceeding analysts' consensus forecasts to create positive publicity. Overall, analysts are over-optimistic about the stocks they cover. The price drop around lockup expiration is significant positive correlated with venture backing, analysts' earnings forecast bias, and forecast dispersion.
Second, I study the information environment of IPO stocks around lockup expiration. Corporate insiders are likely to possess better information about firm fundamentals and future growth potential. Upon lockup expiration, these informed investors are allowed to sell their holdings in the open market. What impact these trades may have on the information environment, particularly information asymmetry, of the stock market? I find that information asymmetry of the IPO stocks experiences little change after the unlock day. This suggests that insider trading upon lockup expiration is unlikely to be driven by private information. Because corporate insiders' wealth is usually concentrated in the newly public companies, the selling may reflect insiders' diversification effort.


The deeper comprehension of biological phenomena has led to the pursuit of designing and architecting complex biological systems. This has been incorporated through the advances in bioprinting of artificial organs and implants even at the microscale. In addition, tissue modeling has been employed to understand and prevent malfunctional and detrimental mechanisms that lead to fatal diseases. Furthermore, the endeavor to convey the mechanical properties of both scaffolds and cells has enabled the unveiling of disease modeling and regenerative medicine. This paper aims to provide a brief review of the design, modeling and characterization of conventional and architected structures employed in bioengineering.


New applications of the electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique for studying dislocation microstructures are presented. Examples from copper and steel samples are given to illustrate the links between crystallographic measurements and dislocation microstructure. The purpose of combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EBSD is to obtain quantitative information about the evolution and heterogeneity of the dislocation microstructure, and how it depends on the texture of the material.


In the paper, we prove the discrete limit theorem with weight for the periodic Hurwitz zeta-function ζ(s, α; a) with a transcendental parameter α, 0 < α ≤ 1, in the complex plane when the weight function w(l) is used.


The De superficierum divisionibus liber Machometo Bagdedino ascriptus nunc primum Ioannis Dee Londinensis et Federici Commandini Urbinatis opera in lucem editus. Federici Commandini de eadem re libellus, was published at Pesaro in 1570 in separate Latin and Italian editions. As the title indicates, it was printed through the collaboration of John Dee of London (1 527-1608) and Federico Commandino of Urbino (15091575). In the prefatory letter to Commandino, Dee was inclined to trace the origin of the De superficierum divisionibus to Euclid rather than to the Arab geometer to whom it was ascribed-Machometus Bagdedinus (Abu-Bekr Muhammed ben Abdelbaqi elBagdadi, d. 1141).1 This faintly classical Euclidean attribution, though wrong,2 might have encouraged Dee and Commandino to publish the De superficierum divisionibus as part of that systematic revival of Greek mathematics which may be described as the mathematical renaissance.3 Thus, Commandino's pupil and biographer, Bernardino Baldi, later remarked that the treatise had been "cavato da lui [Dee] con molta pazienza dalle tenebre dell' antichit'a e dalla barbarie degli Arabi."4 In a recent article Edward Rosen discussed some questions concerning the collaboration of Dee and Commandino.5 The article dealt mainly with the date of Dee's visit to Urbino, when he presented the text to Commandino in the hope that it might be published by the Italian mathematician. The present note will, it is hoped, provide new evidence bearing on that problem and also on two other related matters: First, which manuscript of the text did Dee leave with Commandino? Second, what was Dee's original source for the text of the De superficierum divisionibus ?


On June 28‒29, 2010, a conference was held in Lucerne to commemorate the 150th birthday of Renward Brandstetter (1860‒1942), the first dedicated scholar of Austronesian comparative-historical linguistics. Apart from his activities in Austronesian linguistics, Brandstetter did groundbreaking work on the dialect of the Lucerne canton and was one of the foremost Swiss dialectologists around the turn of the twentieth century. He was, furthermore, involved in the study of traditional theater, literature, anthropology, classical music, and education. One of the main aims in his later life was to spread among academics and the colonial establishments his humanistic conviction that Austronesian language speakers were equal to Indo-European language speakers in their intellectual and spiritual development. The volume under review is a collection of most of the papers presented during that conference. The authors deal with different aspects of Brandstetter's life and work. Jürg Schneider gives general biographic information; Robert Blust and Walter Haas evaluate Brandstetter's linguistic contributions; Waruno Mahdi has a close look at his humanistic message; Holger Warnk, Roger Tol, Iwar Werlen, and Peter Kamber try to catch a glimpse of the scholar at work; Wolfgang Marschall and Jacqueline Achermann try to understand what sort of man Brandstetter really was. In the introduction, Jürg Schneider gives some general information about Brandstetter's life and work. He characterizes the man's scholarly contributions, which, as noted above, were extremely wide-ranging. According to Schneider, Brandstetter's publications did not always get the recognition they deserved. This was due to several factors: (i) he worked in two rather disconnected scholarly fields, (ii) he had most of his work printed locally in Lucerne rather than in standard academic journals, and (iii) he wrote in German at a time when this language was fast losing its position as the major medium of scientific exchange. Schneider also writes about the Lyceum (the college in Lucerne where Brandstetter was trained and where he also taught), Brandstetter's humanistic message and how it was manifested in his work, his relation to the Canton Library in Lucerne, and his autobiography. In a separate chapter, Schneider writes about the formative years of Brandstetter's work in the period between 1880 and 1905, using the only sources that are available, namely Brandstetter's autobiography, and various eulogies and obituaries. The autobiography gives a rather limited insight into his character and what happened in his life. Among the other sources, the obituary by his friend Bühlmann is the most detailed. Schneider writes about Brandstetter's father, who shared his son's linguistic interests and contributed to the Swiss German Idiotikon, a national project to compile a dictionary of Swiss dialects. He also writes about Brandstetter's most influential teachers. Franz Misteli (1841‒1903) taught him general and Indo-European linguistics and introduced him to Völkerpsychologie (lit. "ethnopsychology," a nineteenth-century German school of


Objective
To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging and pathological features of intradiaphragmatic extralobar pulmonary sequestrations (IDEPSs) , and to improve clinician and pathologist understandings about the disease.

Methods
The clinical and imaging data of 28 children diagnosed with IDEPSs by operation and pathology in Guangdong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the pathological analysis was performed.

Results
The average age of the 28 patients was (4±0.9) months old. The clinical manifestations were not specific. The CT findings were intradiaphragmatic solid or cystic-solid masses. Abnormal blood supply in the arteries of systemic circulation was found in 25 patients (89.3%) . The histopathological examination showed disordered structure of lung tissues and malformation of thick-walled vessels in interstitial tissues, with chronic inflammatory changes, including 5 (17.9%) cases complicated with congenital intrapulmonary airway malformation.

Conclusion
The clinical symptoms of IDEPSs are barely characteristic. CT scan is an important tool for its preoperative diagnosis, whereas postoperative histopathology may provide definite evidence for the confirmed diagnosis.

Key words:
Bronchopulmonary sequestrations; Pathology; Imaging


An expanding literature exists to suggest that the trading mechanism can influence the volatility of security returns. This study adds to this literature by examining the impact that the introduction of SETS, on the London Stock Exchange, had on the volatility of security returns. Using a Markov switching regime change model security volatility is categorized as being in a regime of either high or low volatility. It is shown that prior to the introduction of SETS securities tended to be in a low volatility regime. At the time SETS was introduced securities moved to a high volatility regime. This suggests that volatility increased when SETS was introduced.


Can soft regulatory approaches and corporate social responsibility ever be substitute methods for pursuing meaningfully across the globe violations of labour standards? Our analysis shows the limits of country, government, and hard-law based international labour regulation, but also the ambiguities and challenges of soft labour regulation. We introduce an updated model of international labour regulation and create a conceptual framework for analyzing labour regulation. We provide some insights into how regulation has developed over the last decades and discuss some of the challenges it faces. Our assessment of the various regulatory regimes is based on the simple premise of whether they can provide a venue for workers' rights violations to be redressed. We aim to provide a broad overview and an attempt at generalizing the findings and "lessons learnt" so far from an international and comparative industrial relations perspective.


At present, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major diseases that threaten human lives and its morbidity is continuously increasing, with high disability rate and mortality rate. With the rapid development of biomedical technology, stem cells transplantation in the treatment of TBI has become a hot topic. In animal experiments and clinical studies, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used, and have become the most important seed cells in nerve tissue engineering. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of MSCs transplantation in the treatment of TBI, the transplantation method, the evaluation methods after transplantation and the progress of clinical research.

Key words:
Marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Transplantation; Traumatic brain injury


Review(s) of: Claims to knowledge, claims to country: native title, native title claims and the role of the anthropologist, by M. Edmunds (editor) Native Titles Research Unit, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra, 1994, p p v + 61.


A conventional semiconductor DFB laser is self-injection-locked to a CMOS-foundryfabricated ultra-high Q silicon nitride microresonator, suppressing high-offset frequency noise to 0.2 Hz2 Hz-1 and yielding instantaneous linewidth of 1.2 Hz.


This paper investigates the failure mechanism of SiC power MOSFETs during avalanche breakdown under unclamped inductive switching (UIS) test regime. Switches deployed within motor drive applications could experience undesired avalanche breakdown events. Therefore, avalanche ruggedness is an important feature of power devices enabling snubber-less converter design and is also a desired feature in certain applications such as automotive. It is essential to thoroughly characterize SiC power MOSFETs for better understanding of their robustness and more importantly of their corresponding underling physical mechanisms responsible for failure in order to inform device design and technology evolution. Experimental results during UIS at failure and 2D TCAD simulation results are presented in this study.


The thermoelectric material CsBi(4)Te(6) was synthesized in nanometer thin flake-like form by a low temperature solvothermal approach. The crystals were then densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS), resulting in a polycrystalline specimen with layered and partially orientated grains. The orientation of the CsBi(4)Te(6) flakes reflects the anisotropic crystal structure of the material aided by the unidirectional pressure during SPS. Hall, resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity was measured on the polycrystalline specimen in evaluating the potential of this approach for thermoelectric applications.


A 7.8-GHz linewidth ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) laser with an output power of 75 W at 1,018 nm is demonstrated based on narrow-bandwidth fiber Bragg gratings. Effective suppression of spectral broadening and amplified spontaneous emission is achieved by optimizing the resonator structure and active fiber parameters. An 1,178-nm diamond Raman output pumped by this narrow-linewidth 1,018 nm source is addressed in this study, which shows a promising application of generating the sodium guide star laser at 589 nm. A single-longitudinal-mode Stokes with an output power of 0.6 W is obtained using this multimode 1,018 nm laser at the pump power of 13 W. The impact of pump spectral linewidth on the effective Raman gain coefficient is analyzed, and the laser threshold of the diamond Stokes resonator increases with the broadening of the pump linewidth.


as we would expect any lament to be, but it is not alone among a certain kind of statement to emerge from Bolin's discussion sessions, and it might repay further attention. With its festive focus, Rituals of Respect offers a wealth of close descriptions of a native Andean people partaking in rituals that are central to their existence. The book is illustrated by beautiful photographs, which make its cast of memorable characters and themes even more vivid. It is an accessible and informative ethnography that should appeal to scholarly and general readers alike.


Neurodegenerative diseases are the current centre of attention in medicine due to their increased physiological and psychological burden on the ageing society and in the other hand the lack of efficient treatment to them. In parallel, nanotechnology opens possibilities to study neurodegeneration in the molecular level and uncover cellular properties at the nanoscale that possibly allow disease control using novel system biology methods. The communication between neurons and astrocytes explains how a failure in their communication impact neuronal activity, and how the intracellular Ca2+ signalling of astrocytes can interfere in the synaptic quality. This paper presents a theoretical investigation of a feedforward and feedback control technique to regulate the quantity of IP3 that determines the concentration of Ca2+ emitted from intracellular signalling. The analysis of the control model showed that the quantity of Ca2+ signalling can be stabilised at a desired level. A potential application is to facilitate the Ca2+ concentration around this desired level to maintain cellular homoeostasis for longer periods of time, which can lead to a technology for preventing neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed approach can result in novel solutions for both nanobiology and nanomedicine development, where synthetic biology can be used to program the control functionality into the cells. Other ways of implementing such technology are also explored, including nanoparticles, implantable devices and molecular communications.


This historical, ethnographic account examines Theater By The Blind from 2000-2005 and the following disability-art themes:  1) identity politics and authenticity/representation; 2) audio description and the Blind In Theatre (BIT) Festival; 3) gaze and resistance.  This paper historically documents an emergent cultural movement, and highlights the powerful cultural work of blind theater to challenge stereotypes.
 Theater By The Blind: A Retrospective Look at an Off-Broadway Troupe, an International Blind Theater Festival, and the Making of Disability Culture by Elaine Gerber is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu.


. Within a multicomponent dark matter scenario, novel gamma-ray signals may arise from the decay of the heavier dark matter component into the lighter. For a scalar dark sector of this kind, the decay φ 2 → φ 1 γ is forbidden by the conservation of angular momentum, but the decay φ 2 → φ 1 γγ can have a sizable or even dominant branching ratio. In this paper we present a detailed study of this decay channel. We determine the width and photon energy spectrum generated in the decay, employing an effective theory approach, and in UV complete models where the scalar dark matter components interact with heavy or light fermions. We also calculate limits on the inverse width from current data of the isotropic diffuse photon flux, both for a hierarchical and a degenerate dark matter spectrum. Finally, we briefly comment on the prospects of observing the diphoton signal from sneutrino decay in the minimal supersymmetric standard model extended with right-handed neutrino superfields (˜ ν MSSM).


In this paper, we propose a new, two-stage, adaptive classified pattern-matching algorithm based on residual vector quantization and variable bit rate encoding techniques as they have proved to be very efficient in progressive image transmission and compression rate. Both the intra-block and inter-block correlation properties have been exploited to enhance the compression rate. The innovative aspects of this method are: i) the use of high eigenvalued blocks as initial seeds yielding fast convergence; ii) the use of number patterns as the secondary codebook; and, iii) the generation of number patterns using basic combinatorics without requiring complex calculations; iv) use of variable number of indices.


Background: Over the last three decades the prevalence of respiratory disease has been increasing worldwide. Recent studies have been shown that the prevalence of asthma in West European ranges from 6 to 9%, while of COPD is 8% worldwide. Despite the large number of epidemiological studies, there are only a few studies about the prevarence of chronic respiratory diseases among students. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among University Students in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods: We used a questionnaire based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ERCHS) protocol to collect data. Results: We have analysed respiratory symptoms in 5045 University students in Belgrade, mean age 21.5±1.7 years, 55.3% female. The majority of subjects were non-smokers (73.6%), but there were 26.4% current and 3.3% ex smokers. The most frequent symptoms were longstanding cough (17.2%), sputum production (12.1%), wheezing (10.3%) and morning cough (5.7%). Respiratory symptoms were more frequent in smokers than non-smokers (p vs 19.1%, p Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and smoking cigarettes among university students in Belgrade is high.


We integrate service innovation literature with marketing strategy and open innovation thinking to investigate how digital intermediaries facilitate client organizations to innovate their services ...


A Newborn with Thrombocytopenia, Cataracts, and Hepatosplenomegaly A newborn boy was transferred to this hospital because of thrombocytopenia and abnormal results on an eye examination for red reflex and on a hearing screening. A diagnostic test was performed.


This paper proposes an automatic calibration method that can be applied to frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration method is evaluated by measurements using an adaptive array testbed in an anechoic chamber. This paper first elucidates the required calibration for FDD systems. Then the proposed calibration method is described. Finally, the measurement results are shown.


The purpose of this thesis is to compare mass digitization and qualitative digitization, to see how the digitization process and the digitalized material differ. The study emanates from the mass di ...


Primary hyperaldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with renal injury. Mesangial cells (MC) regulate glomeruli structure and are involved in multiple renal diseases. It has been previously reported that MC express the mineralocorticoid receptor and aldosterone (ALDO) regulates cell proliferation and oxidative stress among many other physio‐ and pathophysiological actions in MC. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger the onset and progression of MC‐mediated renal injury by excess ALDO are not clear. We studied whole genome gene expression in human MC (HMC) to analyze which are the intracellular pathways involved in ALDO‐mediated glomeruli injury. HMC were treated with ALDO (10 nM) for 3 or 24 h and their transcriptome analyzed with Illumina BeadChips. Significantly regulated genes were used to analyze the early and late intracellular pathways modulated by ALDO. ALDO treatment for 3 h upregulated glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways, while significantly downregulated genes involved in cell cycle and division. ALDO treatment for 24 h upregulated ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis and MAPK signaling pathways, and several transcription factors (PML, ELK4, SP6, ZNF323, ZXDC, MIZF). This study highlights new early and late intracellular pathways triggered by ALDO in HMC that may be involved in ALDO‐mediated renal injury


On the fifth anniversary of the Affordable Care Act, President Barack Obama said that the controversial healthcare reform law was working even better than its supporters had expected and chided Republicans for their continuing opposition to it.

Obama noted that despite opponents' predictions that the law would cause premiums to skyrocket, hobble the economy, and add to the …


Fairness plays a vital role in crowd computing by attracting its workers. The power of crowd computing stems from a large number of workers potentially available to provide high quality of service and reduce costs. An important challenge in the crowdsourcing market today is the task allocation of crowdsourcing workflows. Requester-centric task allocation algorithms aim to maximize the completion quality of the entire workflow and minimize its total cost, which are discriminatory for workers. The crowdsourcing workflow needs to balance two objectives, namely, fairness and cost. In this study, we propose an alternative greedy approach with four heuristic strategies to address such an issue. In particular, the proposed approach aims to monitor the current status of workflow execution and use heuristic strategies to adjust the parameters of task allocation. We design a two-phase allocation model to accurately match the tasks with workers. The F-Aware allocates each task to the worker that maximizes the fairness and minimizes the cost. We conduct extensive experiments to quantitatively evaluate the proposed algorithms in terms of running time, fairness, and cost by using a customer objective function on the WorkflowSim, a well-known cloud simulation tool. Experimental results based on real-world workflows show that the F-Aware, which is 1% better than the best competitor algorithm, outperforms other optimal solutions in finding the tradeoff between fairness and cost.


Background: There is extensive research highlighting the occurrence in the adolescent period of biologicaldevelopment and psychosocial maturation In support of this overall growth, it is necessary to maintainwellness In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying which factors in adolescent wellness are mostimpacted, will allow Pediatricians to develop relevant tools to continue effective adolescent care Objective: Tocompare levels of wellness in adolescent students enrolled in a program aimed to improve health education inChicago, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: The 20-item survey was developed byphysicians and researchers at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H LurieChildren's Hospital of Chicago Appropriate Institutional Review Board Approval was obtained for this study The survey was disseminated to the 95 students enrolled in the program prior to the COVID-19 outbreak in the U S , and once during the pandemic They were asked to rate the items pertaining to their wellness in thepast week on a scale of 1-10 Questions explored overall wellness, including student academic, social, physicaland creative ability, and also assessed feelings in the past week about factors such as balance, health, imagination, nances, growth mindset, family, friends and goals Descriptive statistics and changes from time1 to time 2 taking the survey were assessed Results: Of the 95 students enrolled in the program, 55 studentscompleted the survey at both time points Of those who completed the survey, 18 18% identied as White,20% Black, 43 64% Hispanic, 18 18% Asian, 1 81% American Indian/Alaskan Native and 1 81% Other Thecohort of respondents were between ages 14 to 17, were mostly Sophomores 22% and Juniors 25%, and themajority of respondents identied as Female 81 82% After taking the wellness survey before and after theCOVID-19 pandemic, students had statistically signicant decreases in scores on the following items: Balance(Felt like you devoted appropriate amounts of time to all the important areas of your life) (Pre: 7 31, During:6 36, p = 0 022), Education (Learned something valuable or interesting) (Pre: 8 44, During 7 65, p = 0 029) andFriends (Spent quality time with friends) (Pre: 7 96, During: 6 27, p = 0 00018) Conclusion: These resultssuggest decreases in the students' levels of wellness from before the COVID-19 outbreak to during thepandemic, particularly with regard to maintaining balance in their daily lives, education within and outsideschool and friendships as they develop social maturity More research is needed to understand further howthis outbreak has impacted adolescent wellness, and to identify how Pediatricians may ameliorate thisnegative impact while providing well-child care


The Internet of Things (IoT) requires security mechanisms that account for heterogeneous devices and resource constraints. Current Anomaly Detection (AD) approaches typically apply centralized data processing. This lacks scalability as well as privacy, bandwidth consumption, latency, and availability. The combination of device-specific AD models and distributed edge computing provides a solution to these challenges. It allows the creation of simplified, lightweight AD models that run on constrained hardware. The hands-on environment described allows interactive exploration of the impact of model simplification. This includes live evaluation of performance metrics and processing latency on a constrained device.


It is very important to start electromagnetism compatability (EMC) design during the course of PCBs' circuit design. This paper introduces the techniques for EMC and its application in PCB design, including the choice of PCBs, the arrangement of elements, the design of ground traces, main traces and signal traces. Finally , combining with PROTEL99SE, a design method of reducing electromagnetic interference is presented.


The invention discloses a grape cuttage root-forcing growing method, relates to planting of a plant and belongs to the field of agricultural planting. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: with an eugenic grape vine as a cutting, stumping and shearing 1cm away from a snip at the upper end of the cutting, shearing 0.5cm close to a knot of the snip at the lower end in an inclined manner, after the cutting is cut, placing the cutting in water formed by diluting fermented glutinous rice for 100-500 times, and soaking for 12-24 hours until the snip is bright green and moisture saturation is achieved; then dipping 1-2cm of the base of the cutting with medicine; and then carrying out cutting seedling outdoors. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the cutting is soaked by an aqueous solution formed by diluting the fermented glutinous rice for 100-500 times, metabolism of plants can be improved, and synthesis of carbohydrate and growth and development of the plants can be promoted; then 1-2cm of the base of the cutting is dipped with the medicine; and the cutting branch is high in survival rate and takes root quickly. The grape cuttage root-forcing growing method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, low in cost and easy to popularize.


Cropland reclamation and ecological protection and construction programs in Northern Shaanxi,China,have significant impact on the spatial distribution patterns of cropland and its productivity.In this paper,cropland dynamics from medium and high resolution remote sensing images(Landsat TM / ETM +) of recent 20 years(from the end of the 1980s to 2010) were generated by image interpretation.Furthermore,by using GLO-PEM model and AGRO-VPM model,with medium resolution and long time series of remote sensing dataset(AVHRR / MODIS),Net Primary Productivity(NPP) and its change on cropland were accounted.Finally,the response of cropland change to productivity was analyzed.The result shows that during the former decade of the research period,cropland area and its productivity in Northern Shaanxi experienced a small fillip,while in the latter decade both area and NPP were significantly reduced.The main cause for cropland decrease was the implementation of the Grain for Green Program.Besides,urbanization was also a key factor.Overall,in the past 20 years,the total area of cropland in Northern Shaanxi decreased by 42.56%,and cropland NPP dropped by 41.90% over the same period.This study is of great importance to the assessment of regional cropland security and food security,and also the planning of regional land use scientifically.


An aluminum alloy with a chemical composition of Al–6%Mg–0.35%Mn–0.2%Sc–0.08%Zr–0.07%Cr (in wt.) and an initial grain size of ∼22 μm was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 593 K up to a total strain of ~12. Extensive grain refinement provided the formation of fully recrystallized structure with an average grain size of ∼0.6 μm. The mechanical properties of the alloy in two different structural conditions were examined at temperatures ranging from 77 to 293 K. It was shown that ECAP highly enhanced the strength, ductility and fracture toughness of the material over the wide temperature interval. Positive effect of grain refinement tends to increase with decreasing temperature due to suppression of brittle intergranular fracture. At ambient temperature, the extensive grain refinement provides +65% increase in yield stress (YS) and ductility, concurrently. At 77 K, YS increase is + 77%, and the ductility increase is +113% owing to grain refinement. Effect of the grain size on fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures is discussed.


Abalone Haliotis midae populations have been exploited commercially off South Africa's Western Cape since 1949. More recently, fisheries for H. midae have developed along the east coast of South Africa, but there is very little information on the extent of the abalone stocks there. No H. midae are found north of the Mbashe River, but mean density between Wavecrest and the Mbashe River was 0,17 abalone·m−2 of reef and the highest density was 0,84 abalone·m−2 of reef. These densities are probably optimum habitat densities rather than average densities. Densities were generally lower at the northern end of the abalone range, but differences between the north and the south were not significant. At the northern limit, the population consisted mainly of small abalone. There was no significant difference in the numbers of abalone caught per diver per diving hour at the different stations, but catch rate (cpue) by mass of abalone was higher in the south. Highest cpue was 55 abalone (25 kg whole mass) per diver pe...


SUMMARY Two families of experimental designs of the type 0: OT: TOO and 0: 00: SSS of dimensions (n + 1) x n and n x n, respectively, have been shown to exist for all n except n = 2, 3 and 6. A new method of construction for these designs has been given. These designs may be applied to situations wherein two experiments are conducted in sequence on the same experimental units and with changing treatments. In addition, a pair of orthogonal Latin squares of order ten with a common transversal has been presented and utilized to illustrate the method of construction.


Abstract The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model was developed to estimate land surface fluxes using remotely sensed data and available meteorology. In this study, a dual assessment of SEBS is performed using two independent, high-quality datasets that are collected during the Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). The purpose of this comparison is twofold. First, using high-quality local-scale data, model-predicted surface fluxes can be evaluated against in situ observations to determine the accuracy limit at the field scale using SEBS. To accomplish this, SEBS is forced with meteorological data derived from towers distributed throughout the Walnut Creek catchment. Flux measurements from 10 eddy covariance systems positioned on these towers are used to evaluate SEBS over both corn and soybean surfaces. These data allow for an assessment of modeled fluxes during a period of rapid vegetation growth and varied hydrometeorology. Results indicate that SEBS can predict evapotranspiration...


BACKGROUND
Typical angina pectoris is easy to recognize, but coronary insufficiency may present with nonspecific chest discomfort.

AIMS OF STUDY
We wanted to investigate long-term prognosis in men with different types of chest pain.

METHODS
A random population sample comprising 5,773 men aged 51-57 years at baseline were followed for 16 years.

RESULTS
Mortality due to coronary heart disease was 8.0% among men without chest pain, 19.5% (total mortality 44%) among those with non-specific chest pain, 24.8% (total mortality 45%) among those with typical angina and 48.5% among those with a history of myocardial infarction at baseline.

CONCLUSION
Non-specific chest pain is associated with poor prognosis, and coronary risk factors have strong predictive value.


In a country's economic development, status and role of law can certainly be considered very important. Following the enactment of the Anti-Monopoly Act and Unfair Competition, the relation raised the question as follows: What is the background and objectives of the birth of Act No. 5 of 1999 and how conservative analysis of the law number 5 of 1999. Background of the birth of the Law number 5 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, based on juridical grounds, socio-economical and political. While the purpose of the birth of the Law number 5 of 1999 is none other to protect and regulate citizens or businesses to have the opportunity to try the same without any political reasons. That which reflects the function of the state to protect its citizens is clearly seen. Law number 5 year 1999 belong to the conservative type, where it is reflected from the manufacturing process is centralized and not participatory, the perpetrators of forced entry operations, and more emphasis on programs of government economic strategy in times of crisis. Keyword: Law, Social Control


This paper recommends the principle and feature of Laser melting and covering technology and the experience to restore the rotor of type ITY-520/5.2-1 compressor applying the technology which is worn and corroded seriously.


We first prove that there are uncountably many objects with distinct computational powers. More precisely, we show that there is an uncountable set of objects such that for any two of them, at least one cannot be implemented from the other (and registers) in a wait-free manner. We then strengthen this result by showing that there are uncountably many linearizable objects with distinct computational powers. To do so, we prove that for all positive integers n and k, there is a linearizable object that is computationally equivalent to the k-set agreement task among n processes. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first linearizable objects proven to be computationally equivalent to set agreement tasks. 1998 ACM Subject Classification C.2.4 Distributed Systems


The fatigue crack growth thresholds of PWA 1480 superalloy single crystal were measured in air and vacuum at room temperature for stress ratios 0.1, 0.5, and 0.7 and the {Delta}K versus K{sub max} fatigue threshold maps obtained. The results are consistent with a two threshold model and it is not necessary to invoke crack closure mechanisms to account for the behavior.


The problem of Beijing's environment pollution has caused great attentions of central and Beijing government,Beijing needs to constitute the pollution control policies. Selects 30 Chinese cities and the time series from the year 2000 to 2011 of Beijing to research the environment quality issue,constructs evaluation index system in 4 aspects,including atmosphere,water,waste and noise, and applies a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,which based on entropy weight to make comprehensive evaluation of environment quality from both horizontal and vertical views. The result shows that environmental quality is improving year by year,but in 30 cities the environmental pollution is still very serious. Finally,analyzes the constraints of the environment quality improvement and the implications of the policies of Beijing.


work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Abstract: Cefazolin is commonly administered before surgery as a prophylactic antibiotic. Hypersensitivity to cefazolin is not uncommon, and the symptoms mostly include urticaria, skin reaction, diarrhea, vomiting, and transient neutropenia, which are rarely life threatening. We present a rare case of fatal cefazolin hypersensitivity in a female who was diagnosed with multiple meningiomas and scheduled for craniotomy and tumor removal. Immediately after cefazolin IV administration, the patient developed acute hypertensive crisis, which resolved within 10 minutes after the treatment. This was followed by unexplained metabolic acidosis. The patient then developed severe brain edema 100 minutes later. The patient had facial edema when her face was exposed for the next 30 minutes. A computed tomography scan revealed global brain edema with herniation. She was admitted to the intensive care unit for symptomatic treatment and died 10 days after surgery from multiorgan failure. The serum IgE level was very high (734 IU/mL). Single-dose administration of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis may lead to rare, fatal adverse reaction. The warning signs are sudden, unexplained metabolic acidosis, hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, and facial angioedema predominating with or without cutane-ous symptoms like urticaria.


Patients who are unable to use their gastrointestinal system for feeding purposes are now usually started on parenteral nutrition. It is a therapeutic tool used in the clinical management of patients requiring special nutritional care both in the hospital, and at home (home parenteral nutrition). The idea of providing nutrients intravenously in humans was first realised when Sir Christopher Wren injected wine and ale in do gs way back in the middle of the 17 th century. The historic experiment initiated further investigation and studies on this novel approach to nutrition. Better understanding of the metabolic and pharmacological properties of the macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and lipid), the micronutrients (trace elements, and vitamins), and the electrolytes have made it possible to administer parenteral nutrition safely to all types of patients where it is indicated. Continuous development and improvement in the pharmaceutical presentations of these nutrients have helped to minimise the metabolic problems seen in the early days of parenteral nutrition administration. Production of the single- or multilayered parenteral nutrition bags using materials which are inert and capable of reducing oxygen permeability such as the combination of ethylenevinylacetate-polyvinylidine chloride has ensured better stability of the parenteral nutrition admixture. The multicompartmental bag has provided a much more simpler and convenient way of initiating parenteral nutrition. The increase in knowledge, development and improvement in parenteral nutrition support has made it possible to provide parenteral nutrition support at home.


The electrocatalytic oxidation of hypoxanthine( Hx) by [Ru( bpy)3]2 +( bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) on an indium-tin oxide( ITO) electrode upon incorporation of tris( hydroxymethyl) aminomethane( Tris) has been investigated. The addition of Tris is found to obviously promote the electrocatalytic oxidation of Hx by [Ru( bpy)3]2 +on the ITO electrode. The electrocatalytic oxidation of Hx is influenced by scan rate,pH value and Hx concentration.The XPS analysis reveals the presence of following chemical reactions between the oxidized products of Hx and Tris.Taken together,the electrochemical oxidation of Hx in Tris-containing buffer solutions is attributed to an EC' C mechanism,which is a special type of following chemical reaction coupled to the homogeneous electrocatalysis. In buffer solutions containing 10 mmol·L- 1Tris /50 mmol·L- 1NaCl( pH 7. 2),the electrocatalytic currents increase linearly with increasing Hx concentration in the range from 0. 1 μmol·L- 1to 0. 15 mmol·L- 1. The detection limit of Hx is 0. 12 μmol·L- 1( S/N =3).


This paper presents an innovative concept and implementation of information scheduling using web based interactive communication. We have used academic class information scheduling in this purpose but its scope and possibility is not limited. This framework can be used to schedule many other types of information like work-load scheduling in an office environment, traffic scheduling, task scheduling in an industry etc. Here we have designed a class routine for a number of courses considering diverse requirements from course teachers, students and limited number of class rooms which has always been a complex and error prone process when carried out manually. Here we propose a partially automated system with visual aids built with our weighted scoring algorithm which can be provided to a human operator to simplify the task of scheduling. In this research, we have given the highest priority to secure the information using cryptography. Keyword: Job-Scheduling, Information Security, cryptography, Web-server.


A new three dimensional (3D) ray-tracing propagation prediction tool (3D MRT-1) is being developed for characterisation of wideband mobile radio channel. It calculates the amplitude, phase, angle-of-departure (AOD), angle-of-arrival (AOA), optical path length and received field strength for each valid reflected or diffracted ray path. It also constructs the power delay profile (PDP) and extracts important multipath channel parameters needed in system design such as transmission loss, received power, average delay spread and RMS delay spread. As part of a model validation process, measurements have been made in a residential suburban area of Malvern, UK, at 2.38 GHz.


Introduction : Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a rare and benign tumor originating from Schwann cells of the vestibular component of the eighth cranial nerve, which tends to give only late clinical manifestations. In general its diagnosis is late or occasional. Case : We present the case of a 56-year-old woman who complained for difficult nasal breathing. It seemed to be a simple case of congestion of nasal turbinates , but during clinical interview, a spontaneous nystagmus beating to the right was noted. Continuing medical history, the patient reported an annoying right hearing loss and a slight dizziness which lasted from about 1 month. So we performed an audiometric examination and a CT scan. Finally MRI with gadolinium showed an expansive lesion of the right cerebellopontine angle with intra-extrameatal development, of 28 mm, and a large cystic intralesional component, compatible with an eighth cranial nerve VS. The VS was macroscopically removed with surgery. Discussion : We explain an occasionally diagnosed case of VS. Although gold standard for its diagnosis is MRI, history and physical examination should always be as complete and thorough as possible, even when we are dealing with patients so-called "non-patients". We say how we perform a vestibular visit and we make a review of recent literature, with the intention of providing basic information on how to treat a dizzy patient. Conclusion : We want to emphasize the concept of never forget the VS, among the many causes of vertigo, and the importance for its diagnosis covered by history and physical examination .


This paper suggests a new technique for trabecular bone characterization using fractal analysis of X‐Ray and MRI texture images for osteoporosis diagnosis. Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone density that can lead to fracture and disability. In essence, the proposed fractal model makes use of the differential box‐counting method (DBCM) to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) after an appropriate image preprocessing stage that ensures a robust estimation process. In this study, we showed that within the frequency domain generated through discrete cosine transform (DCT), only a quarter of DCT coefficients are enough to characterize osteoporotic tissues. The algorithmic complexity of the developed approach is of the order of N8log2N8 where N stands for the size of the image, which, in turn, likely yields important gain in terms of medication cost. We report a successful separation of healthy and pathological cases in term of both P − value (using statistical Wilcoxon rank sum test) and margin difference. A comparative statistical analysis has been performed using a publicly available database that contains a set of MRI and X‐Ray texture images of both healthy and osteoporotic bone tissues. The statistical results demonstrated the feasibility and accepted performance level of our fractal model‐based diagnosis to discriminate healthy and unhealthy trabecular bone tissues. The developed approach has been implemented on a medical device prototype.


A new class of photoresist matrix polymers based on vinyl ether-maleic anhydride (VEMA) alternating copolymers were developed for ArF single-layer lithography. These polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of alkyl vinyl ether- maleic anhydride alternating copolymers and acrylate derivatives with bulky alicyclic acid-labile protecting groups. They showed a good controllability of polymerization and high transmittance. Also, these resists showed a good adhesion to the substrate, high dry-etching resistance against CF4 mixture gas (1.02 times the etching rate of DUV resist) and high selectivity to silicon oxide etching. Using an ArF excimer laser exposure system with 0.6 NA, 120 nm L/S patterns have been resolved under conventional illumination.


To the Editor: Bluming and Tavris1 in their article reviewed the state of art regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) underling, among others, that "the findings reported in the press release and interviews of the principal investigators were often distorted over simplified or wrong." Considering the relevance of the information provided to women by physicians and published by media, the PartecipaSalute project—coordinated by Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri with the collaboration of Italian Cochrane Centre and Zadig, scientific publishing company—and the National Guidelines System based at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità launched a Consensus Conference titled "Informing women about HRT". The final statement2 is shortly summarized in the following points:


Within the past five years numerous clinical reports have established that sulfonamide therapy, properly conducted, is an effective form of treatment for pneumococcic pneumonia. It is appropriate at this time, therefore, to evaluate the comparative merits of the sulfonamide compounds which have been used in the treatment of pneumococcic pneumonia as well as to consider some of the more important problems concerned with their rational use. This report is based on experience with 1,635 cases of pneumococcic pneumonia of adults treated with sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine in the medical wards1of the Philadelphia General Hospital between Aug. 15, 1938 and April 1, 1942. For this study we have included all patients with a diagnosis of pneumococcic pneumonia who received sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole or sulfadiazine regardless of the amount of drug administered. In general, the three therapeutic groups were comparable as to distribution of sex, race, age, pneumococcus type, antecedent disease


We introduce the feasibility of running hybrid analysis pipelines in the REANA reproducible analysis platform. The REANA platform allows researchers to specify declarative computational workflow steps describing the analysis process and to execute analysis workload on remote containerised compute clouds. We have designed an abstract job controller component permitting to execute different parts of the analysis workflow on different compute backends, such as HTCondor, Kubernetes and SLURM. We have prototyped the designed solution including the job execution, job monitoring, and input/output file staging mechanism between the various compute backends. We have tested the prototype using several particle physics model analyses. The present work introduces support for hybrid analysis workflows in the REANA reproducible analysis platform and paves the way towards studying underlying performance advantages and challenges associated with hybrid analysis patterns in complex particle physics data analyses.


Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. is a popular landscape plant in the United States due to its brilliant red fall foliage. It is also an important ornamental plant in many other areas of the world such as China, Japan and Europe. However, E. alatus is considered as a highly invasive plant species in the US. Mutation breeding can be used to create sterile, non-invasive cultivars. Seeds are the most com- monly used explants for mutagen treatments, but E. alatus mature seeds possess prolonged dormancy and only a low percentage of them germinate even after 18 months of cold stratification. Here we report an immature embryo culture method for E. alatus 'Compactus' to circumvent the seed dormancy problem. Also, we have found that activated charcoal, gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) can reduce the dormancy of isolated embryos, which sug- gests that abscisic acid (ABA) might play a role in con- trolling seed dormancy. We have further demonstrated that exogenous ABA enhances dormancy of isolated E. alatus embryos while fluridone, an inhibitor for ABA biosynthesis, can effectively break their dormancy. These results, par- ticularly the effect of fluridone, suggest that continuous ABA biosynthesis plays an important role in controlling the dormancy of E. alatus seeds.


This article presents a geometric and numerical approach to compute the optimal swimming strokes of a larval copepod. A simplified model of locomotion at low Reynolds number is analyzed in the framework of Sub-Riemannian geometry. Both normal and abnormal geodesics are considered along which the mechanical power dissipated by the swimmer is conserved. Numerical simulations show that, among various periodic strokes, a normal stroke consisting of a simple loop shape is maximizing the efficiency.


In modern society, with the sharing of network information, the functions of mobile phones continue to expand. While mobile phones are convenient for people's lives and work, they also have a great impact on people. Especially after the epidemic, major schools have adopted online courses one after another. And the new synonym for online courses is increasingly recognized by everyone. Faced with the widespread use of mobile media, mobile media has brought great opportunities and challenges to college students' ideological and political construction. Strengthening the construction of mobile media platforms by major colleges has become a topic of great concern.


The importance of the network security in intranet is introduced and the model and the structure of network security monitoring and control technology is put forward. Furthmore, the design and realization of the system are presented.


Three experiments were conducted in 1971 with clones obtained by hybridization in 1964, using a lattice design. These experiments were located in the Sertaozinho, Ariranha and Tapiratiba counties of the State of Sao Paulo. The checks utilized were the commercial varieties CB41-76, IAC50-134 and IAC51-205. Sugarcane was harvested thrice, that is plant cane (18 months), first ratoon (12 months) and second ratoon (12 months). The clones that showed good performance received the prefix IAC which were 64-257, 64-328, 64-306, 64-276, 64-368, 64-321 and 64-304.


Aims. The α -a ndγ-effects, which are responsible for the generation and turbulent pumping of large scale magnetic fields, respectively, due to passive advection by convection are determined in the rapid rotation regime corresponding to the deep layers of the solar convection zone. Methods. A 3D rectangular local model is used for solving the full set of MHD equations in order to compute the electromotive force (emf), E = u × b, generated by the interaction of imposed weak gradient-free magnetic fields and turbulent convection with varying rotational influence and latitude. By expanding the emf in terms of the mean magnetic field, Ei = aijBj, all nine components of aij are computed. The diagonal elements of aij describe the α-effect, whereas the off-diagonals represent magnetic pumping. The latter is essentially the advection of magnetic fields by means other than the underlying large-scale velocity field. Comparisons are made to analytical expressions of the coefficients derived under the first-order smoothing approximation (FOSA). Results. In the rapid rotation regime the latitudinal dependence of the α-components responsible for the generation of the azimuthal and radial fields does not exhibit a peak at the poles, as is the case for slow rotation, but at a latitude of about 30 ◦ . The magnetic pumping is predominantly radially down- and latitudinally equatorward as in earlier studies. The numerical results compare surprisingly well with analytical expressions derived under first-order smoothing, although the present calculations are expected to lie near the limits of the validity range of FOSA.


Since the 1990s, a growing body of work in literary studies has sought to explain the processes of reading, appreciation, and evaluation by recourse to scientific theories of mind. This ''cognitive turn'' in literary studies could be seen, in part, as a development from earlier work on the relationship between science and literature pioneered by Gillian Beer and George Levine and, in part, as a response to debates about the value of—and crisis in—the humanities. It is notable, for instance, that a number of the leading proponents of cognitive approaches to literature are (or were originally) specialists in the fields of eighteenth-century, Romantic, and nineteenth-century literature. And yet the conjunction of neuroscience, cognitive science, and the humanities has produced a capacious field of inquiry, which ranges across historical periods for its examples and uses different theories of mind to explore how we feel, what we can know about the creative world, and why it matters. From the title alone, it is clear that G. Gabrielle Starr's new book will take up the opportunity to explore the connections between feeling and knowing from the broad perspective of aesthetic experience, that is, our emo-


The project was funded by projects CGL2011-26318 to DG (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) and PGC2018-099596-B-I00 to LP-R (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund -ERDF). JM was supported by a postdoctoral contract from the University of Extremadura (Junta de Extremadura - IB16121) and a postdoctoral grant from the Juan de la Cierva Subprogram (FJCI-2017-34109), with the financial sponsorship of the MICINN. LP-R was supported by a postdoctoral contract for accessing the Spanish System of Science, Technology and Innovation (SECTI) from the University of Castilla-La Mancha.


We study the thermodynamic singularities of QCD in the complex chemical potential plane by a numerical simulation of lattice QCD, and discuss a method to understand the nature of the QCD phase transition at finite density from the information of the singularities. The existence of singular points at which the partition function (Z) vanishes is expected in the complex plane. These are called Lee-Yang zeros or Fisher zeros. We investigate the distribution of these singular points using the data obtained by a simulation of two-flavor QCD with p4-improved staggered quarks. The convergence radius of a Taylor expansion of ln Z in terms of the chemical potential is also discussed.


This article puts emphasis on varieties of Mangoes with Geographical Indication (GI) certification in India and also discusses the characteristics and uniqueness of each certified variety. GI one of the most important laws in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that protects a product's specific geographical origin with an GI Tag. Mango (Mangifera indica) is a popular member of Anacardiaceae family and one of the most critical and cultivated crops in the world, with exotic qualities due to its origin. Indian climate is very favorable for Mango production, and this makes India the largest exporter of mangoes across the globe. In India, a total of 417 products were registered with GI, out of which 129 were in the agriculture product's category. Twelve Mango varieties have been GI registered, and seven Mango varieties are under the process of GI Certification. GI-certified products have the potential for rural development because of their domestic and global demand.


The ribosome exit site is a crowded environment where a variety of protein biogenesis factors interact with a nascent protein. Accurate decision‐making must be made at the ribosome exit site to ensure that the nascent protein engage the correct factors, and thus enter the proper biogenesis pathway. The molecular mechanisms by which these decisions are made have remained elusive. To address this question, we investigated the molecular interplay between the signal recognition particle (SRP), a conserved protein targeting machine that mediates the localization of proteins to the cellular membrane, and trigger factor (TF), a major co‐translational chaperone in bacteria. The results revealed multiple mechanisms by which TF and SRP influence one another, and provide a conceptual framework to understand molecular interplay in the crowded environment at ribosome exit site.


The radio spectrum is a limited resource. Its regulation and management have become increasingly important as a result of an ever-growing demand for wireless communication applications. Access to the radio spectrum is based on the Table of Frequency Allocations of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Radio Regulations. Due to scarcity of the frequency spectrum, many bands are allocated for more than one radio service and are, therefore, shared. Spectrum sharing studies aim to identify technical or operational compatibilities that enable radio services to operate in the same (or adjacent) frequency bands without causing unacceptable interference to each other. This paper identifies some of the spectrum sharing situations involving satellite systems where computer-based simulations are needed. It is concluded that both deterministic and probabilistic analysis approaches now need to be used in practical sharing scenarios. A brief discussion compares the advantages and disadvantages of COTS and bespoke spectrum sharing analysis software. It is argued that while, in general, COTS products offer lower costs and more features, bespoke software offers flexibility and specialisation. (5 pages)


The thermodynamic activities of AgI and PbI, in molten mixtures of AgI and Pbl, have been determined at 450°,500°and 550°from the emf measurements of the formation cell: Ag(S)IAgI(l)+Pbl,(l)II, (g, 1 atm), C as a function of the mole fraction of AgI. The various thermodynamic excess properties of AgI have been calculated from the activities of AgI. The conductivities of the molten AgI+Pbl, mixtures have also been determined at 450°, 500° and 550° using a capillary-type conductivity cell. The thermodynamic activities as well as the conductivities show large negative deviations from ideality. These negative deviations are due to stronl1 interionic interactions and may be attributed to the presence of various complex anions in the mixture. The complex anions of the type Pbltand Pbl~are found to be more predominant.


In order to evaluate the ability of the arthroscopic indentation instrument, originally developed for the measurement of cartilage stiffness during arthroscopy, to detect cartilage degeneration, we compared changes in the stiffness with the structural and constitutional alterations induced by enzymes on the tissue in vitro. The culturing of osteochondral plugs on Petri dishes was initiated in Minimum Essential Medium with Earle's salts and the baseline stiffness was measured. Then, the experimental specimens were digested using trypsin for 24 h, chondroitinase ABC or purified collagenase (type VII) for 24 h or 48 h ( n = 8-15 per group). The control specimens were incubated in the medium. After the enzyme digestion, the end-point stiffness was measured and the specimens for the microscopic analyses were processed. The proteoglycan (PG) distribution was analysed using quantitative microspectrophotometry and the quantitative evaluation of the collagen network was made using a computer-based polarized light microscopy analysis. Decrease of cartilage stiffness was found after 24 h trypsin (36%) and 48 h chondroitinase ABC (24%) digestion corresponding to a decrease of up to 80% and up to 30% in the PG content respectively. Decrease of the superficial zone collagen content or arrangement (78%, ) after 48 h collagenase digestion also induced a decrease (30%, ) in cartilage stiffness. We conclude that our instrument is capable of detecting early structural and compositional changes related to cartilage degeneration.


Microwave Tomography Technique (MTT) is an emerging technology that is showing its effectiveness in detecting Cancer at early stage. Due to absolute random and non-deterministic characteristics of Cancer cells, more advancements are required in MTT to accurately detect the presence as well as the location of the affected region. Considering this fundamental issue, in this paper, we have proposed a modified Exact Reconstruction Algorithm (mERA) which is capable enough to provide a detailed analysis of all kinds of complex dielectric perturbations of a cancer affected biological target. In MTT, the detection of presence of a cancerous tumor inside any organ of human body has been done using different image reconstruction algorithms. On the other hand, this algorithm uses a selective data segregation mechanism to generate the perturbed complex cell permittivities of the affected organ tissues. Through this study, it has also been verified that how efficiently our proposed approach can able to detect all types of dielectric variations that may be large (20%), small (5%), positive or may be negative and even in a mixed kind of scenario where affected cells possess the mixture of all types of perturbations simultaneously. As cancerous cell shows peculiar behaviour inside human body and its nature varies from person to person and even in-between different stages (stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4) of cancer, the algorithm is designed in such a fashion that it can able to detect the presence of tumor considering all such possibilities into account. The results validate its high accuracy and effectiveness in the field of cancer diagnosis.


To inquiry the effects of silicon on the growth and fruit quality of cucumber in greenhouse,plant morphology,photosynthetic and fruit quality parameters were measured.The result showed that the growth rate,chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis rate increased firstly,then decreased with the growing input of silicon,and reached the highest at the level of 1.0mmol/L,and flowering stage and fruiting period began a week earlier.The content of amino acid increased by 14.3%,NO-3-N content decreased by 23.1%,the content of soluble sugar and vitamin c also increased.The proper amount of silicon can be applied to promote plant growth and improve the quality of greenhouse cucumber production and we suggest the silicon concentration of 1.0mmol/L as the nutrient solution.


Measurement and prediction of outside surface exposure rates and measurement of gamma photon spectra from radioactive sources are described. The sources were 30-cm-diam canisters filled with borosilicate glass to a height of {approximately} 100 cm. Each canister contained up to 237 kCi of {sup 137}Cs and 159 kCi of {sup 90}Sr. Exposure rates on the outside surfaces ranged from 26000 to 320000 R/h chiefly from decay of {sup 137}Cs.


We measure and quantify the spatial transport of energy within steady rotating hydrodynamic turbulence. A steady turbulent field in a rotating tank is perturbed by a short and abrupt increase of energy injection at a well-defined plane. Initially, a wave packet of inertial modes is generated within the background turbulent field, propagating according to the dispersion relation of inertial waves, much like wave propagation within a static fluid. At this stage, the background turbulence is only weakly affected by the pulse passage. Only at longer times, which are determined by the pulse initial amplitude and spectrum, energy is efficiently transferred from the wave packet to the background flow. The energy, which is physically injected at the bottom of the tank, is, therefore, effectively injected at a higher plane. The height of maximum energy transfer efficiency is estimated and varied via manipulations of experimental parameters.


DAMD, a high-throughput platform for assessing DNA methylation changes, provides new insights into the development and treatment of pediatric brain tumors.


In this paper, we investigate a sparse optimal control in a feedback framework. We adopt the dynamic programming approach and analyze the optimal control via the value function. Due to the non-smoothness of the $L^{0}$ cost functional, in general, the value function is not differentiable in the domain. Then, we characterize the value function as a viscosity solution to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. Based on the result, we derive a sufficient and necessary condition for the $L^{0}$ optimality, which immediately gives the optimal feedback map. In addition, we consider the relationship with $L^{1}$ optimal control problem and show an equivalence theorem.


Axillary buds of Nepenthes mirabilis were used in tissue culture in the spring and autumn of 1997~1999 to investigate the optimum conditions for the rapid propagation of the species. Culture on 1/2 MS liquid medium supplemented with 6-BA 1 mg/L and NAA 0.05 mg/L in March to May gave the best results for the production of virus-free materials. The optimum medium for proliferation of calli (or adventitious buds) appeared to be MS + 6-BA 1 mg/L +Ad 10 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L + coconut milk 100 ml/L, and higher concentration of coconut milk (200 ml/L) showed an inhibitive effect. Best proliferation of the subcultured buds was obtained on the medium MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + Ad 1~5 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L + coconut milk 100~200 ml/L. Cultured on 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0.1 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L, the regenerated shoots rooted readily in 20 days.


The safety analysis of research reactors includes simulations of selected cases classified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), since the simulations are performed using validated nodalizations and internationally recognized, accepted and validated best estimate codes. The thermal-hydraulic analysis is considered as an essential aspect in the study of safety of nuclear reactors, since it can predict proper working conditions, steady-state and transient, thereby ensuring the safe operation of a nuclear reactor. A RELAP5 model verified for the IPR-R1 TRIGA research reactor was used here to study. A loss of coolant accident (LOCA) event was simulated. The obtained results demonstrate that it is necessary to consider also the neutronic feedback effects in the thermal hydraulic calculations to more realistically simulate this type of incident as it is shown in this work. INTRODUCTION The nuclear research reactors work at low power (maximum of about 100 MW) in relation to power reactors. Even so, specific features are necessary to ensure safe utilization of research reactors. Therefore, several codes have been used focusing special attention for research reactors safety analysis and valuation of specific perturbation plant licensing and operation of research reactors. Loss of electrical power supplies, insertion of excess reactivity, loss of flow accident (LOFA), loss of coolant accident (LOCA), erroneous handling or failure of equipment or components, special internal events, external events and human errors are considered possible events in research reactors [1]. In this way, spite the IPR-R1 to be inherently safe, some situations can disturb its normal operation. In this work, the thermal hydraulic RELAP5 code [2] was used to perform steady state and transient simulations of the IPR-R1 TRIGA research reactor. The RELAP5 system code was developed to simulate transient scenarios in power reactors, but it has been also applied to simulate research reactor operation conditions. The RELAP5 model presented in this work has demonstrated to reproduce very well the steady-state conditions. Therefore, a hypothetical extreme case of LOCA was investigated using the code and the model developed. LOCA is a consequence of one of the following events: rupture of the primary coolant boundary, damaged pool, pump-down of the pool, failure of beam tubes or other penetrations. During the LOCA event, the internal natural circulation of the fluid is suppressed and an excessive core heat-up is expected to occur [3]. Particularly, in this work an extreme case of LOCA was investigated. The probability of this kind of accident in the IPRR1 is reduced but must be considered. In the IPR-R1, the LOCA accident would occur due to a drastic crack in the pool bottom. For the LOCA simulation the automatic scram was not considered because the main aim was to verify the temperature evolutions after total loss of the coolant in the pool. The IPR-R1 fuel is an Uranium and Zirconium Hydride alloy (U-ZrHx). In TRIGA type reactors the fuel temperature limit is related to the dehydrogenation of the fuel and consequent tension in the cladding of the fuel. The maximum temperature of the fuel to avoid the dehydrogenation is fixed by General Atomic as 1173.0 K for the U-ZrH1.0 and 1423.0 K for the U-ZrH1.6 [4]. Howerver, for the reactor operation, the fuel temperature limit is maintained at about 890.0 K that is the temperature for phase changing of UZrH1.0 fuel [5].