We study the emergence and evolution of cooperation in the context of small groups production through a collective good experiment. Using the data generated by a first treatment we found strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of individual adjustment towards the observed average contribution, in accordance with the distribution of player types described in Fischbacher & al. (2001). Our aggregate results further corroborate the outcome of almost all other public good experiments. The analysis of two voluntary participation (VP) treatments support a positive effect of an attractive exit option on sustained contribution levels.


Circuit arrangement with a first OTA (2), at least one further OTA (7), at least one output capacitor (C - having a first switching element (S1) having a first and a second terminal, the first terminal of the first switch (S1) to the signal input (1) and the second terminal of the first switching element (S1) to the voltage input (A2) the at least one further OTA (7) is connected, - having a second switching element (S2) having a first and a second terminal, the first terminal of the second switch (S2) to the output (5) of the first OTA (2) and the second terminal of the second switching element (S2) to the voltage input (A2) of the at least one further OTA (7), - having a third switching element (S3) having a first and a second terminal, the first terminal of the third switch (S3) to the output (5) of the first OTA (2) and the second terminal of the third switching element (S3) the output (A8) of the at least one further OTA (7) is connected, and - one, a control signal (st) which can be fed control input (B), wherein in response to the control signal (st) the first, second and third switching elements (S1, S2, S3) from a first switching state to a second switching state can be switched, and wherein only in the first switching state connecting the respective switching element to each first and each second terminal electrically conductive.


If one types 'wheatish' into a search engine, a first response is: 'Indian. (Of the complexion) of the pale golden colour of ripe wheat; light brown'. In 2015, there was a website called www.wheatishcomplexion.com/, where a US-based Non Resident Indian (NRI) woman offered witty advice about dating practices. The term, however, has a loaded history that links it to imperialism, colour-consciousness and cultural collisions. 'The admiration of a fair colour', Prakash Tandon (1911–2004) wrote of his boyhood in Punjab, 'probably stemmed from the time of the Aryans... . The second question asked about the new-born is always, "Is it fair or dark?"... . When it came to marriage, the first question is, "Is he fair; is she fair?"' However, to be as white or pink as a European was also unsuitable. 'When the British came, their very fair hair and pink skins fell outside our acceptable scale. They were too fair', Tandon wrote. Khushwant Singh (1915–2014) captured the feeling about the European complexion when he has a character in a novel refer to 'a big bald sahib [European] with a face as red as a monkey's bottom'. The ideal skin is 'the colour of wheat'. In Hindi, it is common to refer to a person's rang (colour) being like gehun (wheat). It would, for example, be appropriate to say, 'Bahu ka rang gehunwa hai' ('the daughter-in-law's colour is that of wheat'). The reference to wheat-colour is frequently used in marriage advertisements in Hindi-language newspapers. The emphasis on 'fairness' relates to ideas about 'caste'. The Sanskrit word varna, which describes the four classical 'castes' of Hindu scriptures (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisya and Sudra), also means 'colour'. There is a widespread sense that high status and fair skin go together. 'Beware of a dark Brahmin and a light Untouchable', runs a saying which has variants in the languages of both north and south India. The fascination with fair skin has fostered an industry in skin-whitening creams and gels; during the 1990s, it was said to grow 'at a rate of 40 per cent' a year, and, by 2015, was estimated to be worth US$450 million in India and heading for US$10 billion worldwide, led by India and China.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of sports plus spot massage on the patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods 100 patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups. Control group: The patients were only treated with medicine,Treatment group: the patients were accupted with sport treatment with middle and spot massage once one day as well as medicine therapy for three mouths. The levels of blood lipid and the changes of sysmptom were compared in two groups before and after the study. Results Compared with control group the symptom of congestire tract discomfort,high blood pressure and obesity in treatment group were significantly improved (P0.01); The level of total cholesterel(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were rankedly decreased in two groups. the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),And the ratio of APOA1/APOB,HDL-C/TC,were elevated in two groups. But the effects of regulating blood lipid are more ignificant in treatment group than that in control group. Conclusion Sport treatment plus spot massage is beneficial to improve digestive tract discomfort to decrease blood pressure and body weight and to regutate blood lipid.


Antenna design starts with a desired electrical performance, stating the minimum gain, beamwidth and/or other parameters, across a specified bandwidth. An antenna type is chosen, and then trial-and-error is used to choose the dimensions. An initial set of dimensions is used to find the antenna's performance, either by computer simulation or by measurement. If the performance fails to meet the specification, the dimensions are adjusted, and performance again found, the process is repeated until suitable dimensions are found. This thesis presents a realization of an antenna design tool created with MATLAB, called the Antenna Design Software . The Antenna Design Software can be used to study any antenna system that can be designed using two primary geometrical design parameters. The ADS effectively reverses the approach of antenna simulation programs. The ADS accepts the desired electrical performance as the input then determines all the possible combinations of geometrical dimensions that meet this performance for one antenna type. There may be many possible sets of dimensions, or conversely there may be no set of dimensions that meets the required performance. The thesis illustrates a repertoire of related antenna types, with databases for a simple helix antenna, a helix terminated with a matching section and a helix having a ground cup. The power of the ADS can be greatly increased by developing a library of antenna types that are then at the design engineer's fingertips


Canny edge detection is one of the most widely used edge detection algorithms due to its superior performance. However, it is a complex, time-consuming process and has a high hardware cost. To overcome these issues, an improved Canny algorithm is proposed in this paper. It uses the Sobel operator and approximation methods to calculate the gradient magnitude and direction for replacing complex operations with reduced hardware costs. Otsu's algorithm is introduced to adaptively determine the image threshold. However, Otsu's algorithm has division operations, and the division operation is complex and has low efficiency and slow speed. We introduce a logarithmic unit to turn the division into a subtraction operation that is easy to implement by hardware but does not affect the selection of the threshold. Experimental results show that the system can detect the edge of the image well without adjusting the threshold value when the external environment changes and requires only 1.231 ms to detect the edges of the 512 × 512 image when clocked at 50 MHz. Compared with existing FPGA implementations, our implementation uses the least amount of logical resources. Thus, it is more suitable for platforms that have limited logical resources.


This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solution to the damped Euler equation far away from vacuum. First of all, the global existence together with the decay rate of the solution and its derivatives are derived by the standard energy method. The decay rates of the solution operator are further improved by Green function method. Finally, the solution of damped Euler equation is confirmed to converge its best asymptotic profile when the initial data is in a certain weighted function space, which establishes the upper and lower bounds of the decay rate to the solution of the damped Euler equation. Here, we provide a new way to check the optimal decay rate of the solutions to the damped Euler equation when the initial data is set in L1, which also could be applied to some other diffusive evolution system.


Writing continues to play a fundamental role in the access and use of the new media, although it is probably declining due to the increasing importance of images in electronic communication. On an extremely elementary level of using new media writing is useful in simple tasks, such as typing passwords, naming new folders, typing queries into the browser. Advanced users can make use of new media by writing more or less complex texts which often become a multimedium. Electronic text, just like any virtual object, is malleable and is subject to many detailed activities. Generally speaking, the fundamental process related to writing is automation. Automation of writing manifests itself at every level of the use of writing in the new media. Due to many changes in the way texts are created new doubts arise, that concern the way new media shape our habits associated with their creation. Whether the characteristics of electronic text affect the writing process? If so, what kind of impact they have and what are its consequences in the context of content production?


Abstract The feasibility to obtain highly porous collagen-based scaffolds (SCs) integrated with uniformly dispersed poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) was evaluated. PLGA-MPs were prepared by double emulsion technique and SCs with different amounts of MPs (SC/PLGA-MPs) were produced. Results showed that SC/PLGA-MPs could be successfully manufactured, the PLGA-MPs being physically retained in the SCs, without affecting the porous structure. PLGA-MPs also increased the SC hydrophilicity, acted as a mechanical reinforcement and retarded the degradation rate. In addition, the interactions between MPs and Caco-2 cells did not interfere with the correct morphological, adhesion and proliferation pathways. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


C&RL News I: Introduction Purpose and Audience To enhance access, support research, and promote awareness of their collections, special collections repositories may arrange to lend materials from their holdings to other institutions for research use or exhibition. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide a framework for the development of appropriate institutional policies and decision-making criteria to support the interinstitutional loan of special collections materials, to specify the respective responsibilities of borrowing and lending institutions, and to recommend procedures to ensure the security and preservation of loaned materials. These guidelines are intended for use by libraries, archives, historical societies, and other similar repositories to encourage and facilitate the interinstitutional loan of special collections materials, including rare books, manuscripts, archival documents, photographs, maps, prints, artworks, artifacts, ephemera, and other materials in special formats that are normally consulted under secure, supervised conditions. Although these guidelines are written primarily from the perspective of single institutions, they are also meant to serve the needs of consortial groups in developing policies and procedures for facilitating research and exhibition loans among their members. These guidelines may also provide guidance to other types of institutions, such as museums, that may engage in loan arrangements with special collections repositories. ACRL/RBMS guidelines for interlibrary and exhibition loan of special collections materials by the ACRL Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Standards Task Force


Theories of mass extinction by extraterrestrial objects have been intermittently proposed by European and North American scientists for at least 250 years. Until the late twentieth century, such theories usually treated biological extinction as a single aspect of global cataclysm. Proposed ultimate causes of mass extinction have included the passage of planetesimals close to Earth, impacts of comets or asteroids, and transient increases in cosmic radiation.These theories have consistently extrapolated from astronomical observations to suggest that extraterrestrial objects had affected Earth at some time in the past. However, until the late twentieth century, none of these theories proposed definitive tests of temporal coincidences between mass extinctions and and the terrestrial effects of extraterrestrial objects. Harold Urey's (1973) cometary impact hypothesis was the first to propose such a test. The impact-extinction theory of Luis Alvarez and his colleagues (1980) was the first to provide direct evid...


Osteoporosis is associated with poor dietary habits. Malnutrition is characterized as a deficit on the intake of necessary nutrients that are essential for optimal health maintenance. It is known that malnutrition during the lactation perio d ca affect the offspring. The present study aims to evaluate the chronic effects caused by maternal energy-protein restriction during lact ation period in the offspring. At parturition, Wistar rat dams were divided in three groups: (1) Control group (C) which received a 23 % p rotein diet without restrictions; (2) Protein-Energy restriction group (PER)which received a 8 % protein diet; (3) Energy restriction gro up (ER) which received a 23 % protein diet in limited amounts, according to the ingestion of the second group. Each group had 12 pups. After weaning, all pups received free access to a 23 % protein diet until 180 days and then were euthanized. Their femur was excised, decalcified, histologically processed and analyzed under a microscope. The measurements of the osteon lacunae on the C, ER and PER groups were, respectively: 2.1 μm, 10.9 μm and 14.7 μm (p<0.05). A poor ingestion of proteins and calories during lactation period provoked critical and permanent changes on the bone matrix of the femur, which simulated osteoporosis.


SAR image simulation is important for a number of tasks in the design of SAR dedicated systems. We propose here a SAR texture simulation tool. Based on a statistical description of the local reflectivity and elevation of a surface, this tool generates seamless texture mapping patterns. The associated SAR texture renderer can provide several levels of realism, from flat 2-D texture mapping to 3-D unperfectly conducting surfaces back-scattering model, going through normal dithered Lambert law. The back-scattering model simulates polarizing, overlaying and shadowing effects, but not the multiple reflections. Using the range-buffer technique, the synthetic texture patterns are mapped on 3-D objects.


According to the design and construction, and combining standard requirments and on-the-spot operation, the paper analyzes in detail and discusses profoundly the cause of destructiveness of impulsive and shearing forces of the floorslab with the strcture of sheet pillar. Through the analysis of a real example, the cause of accidents of destructiveness of impulsive and shearing forces and lessons are summed up, and some suggestions to prevent accidents are put forward.


Objective
To explore the application effects of secondary triage mode based on process decentralized strategy in emergency waiting patients.

Methods
According to purposive sampling, emergency patients who visited hospital from April to May 2017 were selected into the control group (n=2 744) . Those who visited hospital from June to July 2017 after conducted secondary triage were collected into the intervention group (n=2 296) . The incidence of adverse events and patients' satisfaction were compared between two groups.

Results
The incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (0.58% vs. 1.93%; χ2=42.040, P<0.01) . The intervention group had significantly higher patients' satisfaction level compared with the control group [ (8.64±2.18) vs. (7.17±2.21) ; t=8.738, P<0.01].

Conclusions
The secondary triage mode based on process decentralized strategy can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse events and improve patients' satisfaction in emergency waiting patients.

Key words:
Emergency service, hospital; Secondary triage; Accident; Satisfaction


This teenage patient presents with pronounced esthetic and functional dental concerns. An anterior frontal view of the patient's dentition shows virtually total facial blockage of the maxillary right central incisor creating mesial contact of the right lateral incisor with the left central incisor immediately lingual to the blocked out right central incisor. A similar severe misalignment takes place with the orientation of the mandibular left canine and adjacent mandibular left premolar and mandibular left lateral incisor. In addition, the patient exhibits a pronounced overbite with maxillary anterior teeth entirely covering the opposing mandibular teeth and with an overjet of 4 mm. This case report illustrates the potential to grow alveolar bone with the orthodontic systems known as Fastbraces® Technologies that is based on the non-extraction mechanically aided continuation of eruption by moving the roots towards their final position from the onset of therapy. Post treatment clinical photos and radiographic results show dramatic esthetic and functional improvement with the elimination of the severe pretreatment crowding and occlusal discrepancy with the establishment of a stable occlusion and good intercuspation.


The campus culture construction is an important part of the harmonious culture of socialism and a soul of university development.As a higher adult institution,Hebei Radio and TV University possesses the characteristics of the regular institutions as well as its own.Therefore,its campus construction possesses the universality and individuality.On the way of building a "platform" and "carrier" of RTVU's lifelong education system,the lack of humanistic care and campus culture has been increasingly exposed,which will severely impact on education quality and the sustainable development of RTVU.Based on the investigation,a scientific and innovative way suitable to its campus construction is expected to find out under the guidance of the Scientific Development View to serve the education and society well.


Over 5 million children are cumulatively estimated to have been infected with HIV worldwide. Although the majority of children acquired the infection through mother-to-child transmission, it has been reported in the USA and recently in the UK that children and young teenagers have been infected through sexual transmission, including sexual abuse.


Background: Stunting is chronic restriction of growth in height indicated by low height-for-age. It is a reliable indicator of long-term under nutrition among young children. Stunted children are more prone to communicable diseases. The main causes of stunting are not providing proper nutritious food, not enough food and of poor quality, improper feeding practices and different infections including malaria, ARI and diarrhea. We conducted this survey to determine the frequency and determinants of stunting among 18 to 36 months old children in Bhawalghar Village, District Lodhran Methods: We did cross-sectional study in Bhawalghar village of district Lodhran. All of the children from 18 to 36 months of age were included in this study from two randomly selected clusters. Results: Gender, parental education, income, type of housing, vaccination coverage, parity of women, height of child and number of food items were identified as determinants of stunting. There was a statistically significant relationship between stunting and the study variables. We found that about half (48%) of the children of age 18-36 months living in Bhawalghar Village, District Lodhran were stunted. Conclusions: Stunting is a major problem among the children of rural Punjab, Pakistan. There is a dire need to improve the nutritional status of the children in this region.


Because of their abundant porosity, tunable surface properties, and high stability, N-doped porous carbons (NPCs) are highly promising for CO2 capture. Carbonization of N-containing polymers is frequently used for the preparation of NPCs, while such an approach is hindered by the high cost of some polymer precursors. In the present study, we report for the first time the fabrication of NPCs through the rational choice of the low-cost, N-rich polymer NUT-2 (NUT indicates Nanjing Tech University) as the precursor, which was obtained from polymerization of easily available monomers under mild conditions in the absence of any catalysts. Through carbonization at different temperatures (500–800 °C), NPCs with various porosity and nitrogen contents are obtained. The pore structure and CO2-philic (N-doped) sites are responsible for the adsorption performance, while the highest surface area does not lead to the highest CO2 adsorption capacity. For the sample carbonized at 600 °C (NPC-2-600), the adsorption capacit...


Recently, bilinear pairings has aroused extensive attention of cryptography circle as useful tools, and they have wide applications in digital signature. Unlike group signatures, ring signatures have no group managers, setup procedures, revocation procedures and coordination. Any user can choose any set of possible signers including himself, and sign anything by using his secret key and the others' public keys, without getting their approval or assistance. Ring signature is very useful to protect the user's identity and the signer's privacy. In this paper, we firstly propose a short digital signature scheme and a ring signature scheme, both of which are based on bilinear pairings. And then, we analyze their security.


Internationalization of universities is one of the most important processes which development can be observed in the first decade of the 21st century. This process existed all over the world  for many years, and it always was one of the engines which stimulated development of research as well as education. Many European countries entered the international market of higher education just about 30 years ago when some European projectsstarted. It boomed especially after the enlargement of EU in 2004 and participation of many countries in the creation of EHEA and ERA. However, despite many activities and programmes performed, the level of internationalization of higher education institutions in Poland is still disappointing. Effective methods of increasing internationalization of HEIs should therefore be sought. The paper presents an approach to the intensification of the internationalization process. The main goals for the activities in this field were determined. The current state of existing programs of international exchange available for students and some other activities as summer schools, double diploma programmes, foreign language courses and international accreditations were also discussed. Current national and university programmes aiming in intensification of development of the international exchange were also described. Among operational goals of these strategies the following needs were indicated: increasing attractiveness of different universities as partners in international educational and research fields; giving international character for educational and research activities; improving the image of European higher education.


We study $L^p$ bounds on spectral projections for the Laplace operator on compact Riemannian manifolds, restricted to small frequency dependent neighborhoods of submanifolds. In particular, if $\lambda$ is a frequency and the size of the neigborhood is $\mathcal{O}(\lambda^{-\delta})$, then new sharp estimates are established when $\delta\ge 1$, while for $0\le \delta\le 1/2$, Sogge's estimates turn out to be optimal. In the intermediate region $1/2<\delta<1$, we sometimes get sharp estimates as well. Our arguments follow closely a recent work by Burq and Zuily.


The placement of base station transceivers at close proximity to one another is a
major challenge for RF engineers. In a colocated setting, the base station receivers
have to receive weak desired signals in the presence of high-power transmit/jamming
signals from colocated base station transmitters; resulting in major interference
issues. The thesis identifies two major mechanism of interference for the colocated
victim receiver. First, the strong jamming signals mix within the victim receiver
front-end to produce intermodulation products that may fall on its desired receive
channel and cause interference. The strong signals may also saturate the receiver
circuits and cause desensitization. Second, large jamming signals from one colocated
transmitter can radiate into the antenna system of a second colocated transmitter.
The signals enter the second transmitter in the reverse direction and mix in the
output stage of its power amplifier to produce intermodulation products. These
'reverse' intermodulation products get radiated from the antenna system and may
fall on the victim receiver's desired channel.


We report the discovery of hysteresis between the X-ray spectrum and luminosity of black hole binary LMC X-3. Our observations, made with the Proportional Counter Array on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, took place entirely within the soft spectral state, which was dominated by a spectral component that was fitted well with a multicolor disk blackbody. A power-law component was seen only during times when the luminosity of the disk blackbody was declining. The X-ray luminosity at these times was comparable to that seen in transient systems (X-ray novae) when they return to the hard state at the end of an outburst. Our observations may represent partial transitions to the hard state; complete transitions have been seen in this system by Wilms and coworkers. If they are related to the soft-to-hard transition in transients, then they demonstrate that hysteresis effects can appear without a full state transition. We discuss these observations in the context of earlier observations of hysteresis within the hard state of binaries 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258 and in relation to published explanations of hysteresis in transients.


The question of how to act in a patient's best interests is a complex one. This month, Aysha Mendes discusses potential ethical dilemmas and how care home staff may approach protecting vulnerable p...


The Inquiry Activities the newly developed Korean High Schol Biology Textbooks were evaluated using SIEI(Seientific Inquiry Evaluation Inventory). The textbook evaluated are five Introductory Biology books and five Advanced Biology books developed in 1990. The instrument, SIEI, was developed by Myung Hur in his doctoral study at Columbia University in 1984. The major findings of the study are summarized below. 1. The inquiry activities in the textbooks are focusing on the low level science process skills 2. Students are rarely asked to formulate a hypothesis or to design an experiment. 3. The structure of the Inguiry Activities are mostly competitive, thus inhibiting the inquiry achievement of students. 4. The Inquiry Indices of the textbooks are between 14 and 16, meaning only 14 to 16 percent of the total instructional time are to be devoted to inquiry activities.


Boone M, Rap S and Van der Kooij M (2017) The highly reintegrative approach of electronic monitoring in the Netherlands. European Journal of Probation 9(1): 46–61. DOI: 10.1177/2066220317697660 In this article, published in the April issue (volume 9, issue 1), the author sequence and the affiliations are incorrect for the authors, Stephanie Rap and Matthijs van der Kooij. The correct author sequence and affiliations are given here: Miranda Boone Utrecht University, the Netherlands Stephanie Rap Leiden University, the Netherlands Matthijs van der Kooij Utrecht University, the Netherlands


We analyze how the (1+λ) evolutionary algorithm (EA) optimizes linear pseudo-Boolean functions. We prove that it finds the optimum of any linear function within an expected number of O(1/λn log n+n) iterations. We also show that this bound is sharp for some functions, e.g., the binary value function. Hence unlike for the(1+1) EA, for the (1+λ) EA different linear functions may have run-times of different asymptotic order. The proof of our upper bound heavily relies on a number of classic and recent drift analysis methods. In particular, we show how to analyze a process displaying different types of drifts in different phases. Our work corrects a wrongfully claimed better asymptotic runtime in an earlier work~\cite{He10}.


This study aims to determine the learning activities of students and the results of learning economic economics by using the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model for students. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this study were 34 students of class II-2 IIS-2 SMA SMA Palangka Raya. This data collection technique is observation and testing. Data analysis techniques using Qualitative and Quantitative. The results showed that the learning activities of students belonged to the good category and there was an increase in economic learning outcomes in students using the Jigsaw cooperative learning model in the Pre Test of 34 students who received a score of =78 reaching 8.82% ( 3 students) with an average value of 55, in the first cycle the results of the Post Test which obtained =78 reached 58.82% (20 students) with an average value of 73.08 and in the second cycle the results of the Post Test were scored =78 reached 100% (34 students) with an average score of 84.71.


Assisted Reproductive Technology has, in the last 40 years, raised numerous ethical questions. One of these ethical questions has been whether or not children born as a result of Assisted Reproductive Technology treatments may be harmed as a consequence of being brought into existence in this way. Harm caused to children is quite rightly a serious concern for society and society expects the State to intervene to protect children from parents who pose a significant risk to their children. Towards this end section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 requires licensed infertility treatment clinics to 'take into account the welfare of the child who may be born as a result of treatment' when considering whether or not to provide a woman with treatment services.

This thesis will argue that section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 should be amended as it is acts as nothing more than an arbitrary and unjustified infringement on an individual's right to reproductive liberty; is an ineffectual means of promoting the welfare of the child who may be born as a result of treatment; is philosophically incoherent; and is inconsistent with the law as applied in so-called 'wrongful life' cases. The argument that section 13(5) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 should be amended will be grounded upon the contention that an individual's right to reproductive liberty should be accorded particular respect. This thesis will argue for a right to reproductive liberty which encompasses a negative right of the individual to be free from unjustified interference by the State when making reproductive choices.

The pervasive influence of the child welfare principle as applied in the context of decisions directly impacting upon them has, it will be argued, played a significant part in the inclusion and retention of section 13(5) within the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. This thesis will examine the way in which the child welfare principle as applied to children has grown in influence and how an unquestioning adherence to this worthy principle has led to an incongruous version of it being applied at the pre-conception stage. While the State have a solid mandate to protect the welfare of children this thesis will argue that that mandate cannot realistically be extended to apply to future children, when to refuse an individual access to Assisted Reproductive Technology has the effect of preventing the child whose welfare is to be taken into account from being brought into existence in the first place.


On behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the Editors would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for Geophysical Research Letters in 2018. The hours reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improves the manuscripts but also increases the scientific rigor of future research in the field. We particularly appreciate the timely reviews, in light of the demands imposed by the rapid review process at Geophysical Research Letters. With the revival of the "major revisions" decisions, we appreciate the reviewers' efforts on multiple versions of some manuscripts. Many of those listed below went beyond and reviewed three or more manuscripts for our journal, and those are indicated in italics. In total, 4,484 referees contributed to 7,557 individual reviews in journal. Thank you again. We look forward to the coming year of exciting advances in the field and communicating those advances to our community and to the broader public.


Although an intense research has been done about the strategic value of information technology using resource-centered view (Barney 1991; Dierickx and Cool 1989) and the contingency-based view (Fry and Smith 1987; Tosi and Slocum 1984; Oh and Pinsonneault, 2007), and leadership and management view (Wang and Ramiller, 2009; LEAD, 2014, Liu et al. 2016), research that assesses a value created by cloud computing (CC) at operational and strategic levels in organization has been scarce. Our research aims to discuss and test the cloud-enabled mechanism of validated learning to achieve strategic alignment between business and IT. We develop the cloud computing lens of Strategic Alignment model, where strategic fit between operations and strategy levels is achieved through the moderating effect of CC. How does this happen? We use strategic alignment framework and empirical evidence collected through survey data and text mining to examine the role that CC plays in validated learning at operations to facilitate IT and business strategy. We build on the extant Information Systems literature (Henderson and Venkatraman 1993; Hirschheim and Sabherwal, 2001; Peppard and Campbell, 2014; Coltman et al. 2015; Li et al., 2016) asking the following questions: Does CC increase operational and strategic efficiencies in organization? If yes, then how? Can the strategic alignment framework help us to better understand information flows within organization and how strategic fit is achieved, including the role of CC in it? We use online survey data collected from 271 European companies constitutes an important source of information at operational and strategic level in organization, a project sponsored by the European Commission within "LEAD: e-leadership skills for the SMEs" project http://www.eskillslead.eu/home.html. The survey data demonstrated the role of CC in moderating the operational and strategic efficiency in organization. For purposes of content validity, semi-structured random telephone interviews with firm-matched CIOs and CEOs were conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of language and content of the measurement of efficiencies at the strategic and operational levels. More than half of the organizations who responded to our online survey come from the UK (29.7%) and Bulgaria (29.1%). Others come from Belgium (7.1%), Denmark (17.7%), Italy (4.8%), and Spain (16.3%). In addition, we used massive online open course text data "Digital leadership: creating a value through technology" https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/digital-leadership with 6,482 active learners over three rounds in 2016. The results supported online survey findings and indicated that CC lens helps in understanding how strategic alignment between IT and business happens and how CC is associated with the process of improvement in operations and efficiencies. Further research will aim to apply the CC lens to strategic alignment framework in organization of different types and within different institutional contexts.


Importance of implementing strategy of famous brand was expounded. Some existing problems about industrial structure and overall quality level in Gansu province were pointed. The general plan and object of implementing strategy of famous brand were put forward clearly. It was discussed that how to improve innovation of technology from several respects such as discovering the breath of this work, supporting high-new technological industry, realizing enterprise's high and speed growing up, attaching importance to person of talent and speeding up training of qualified scientists and technicians.


Objective To study the antioxidative effect of the ethanol extract (e-EXT) and aqueous extract (a-EXT) of Codonopsis lanceolata from Mount Taishan in mice. Method The mice were divided into six groups at random. After the mice were orally treated with 5% Tween-80 (solvent,20 mL/kg),Vitamin C (0.1 g/kg),e-EXT (10,20 g/kg) and a-EXT (10,20 g/kg) once daily for 14 days respectively,the blood,liver and brain were collected for determining SOD,GSH-Px,GSH and MDA levels. Results The SOD,GSH-Px and GSH levels were enhanced significantly,and the MDA levels were reduced markedly in serum,liver and brain homogenate of the mice treated with 20 g/kg e-EXT and a-EXT. In the serum and liver homogenate of 10 g/kg a-EXT group,the levels of SOD,GSH-Px and GSH were increased,the contents of MDA were decreased. Conclusion The ethanol extract and aqueous extract of Codonopsis lanceolata from Mount Taishan could enhance the antioxidative ability of the mice,especially the large-dose aqueous extract.


This paper presents a contribution to improving startup performances of actuators based on deep bar induction motors (IM). To do this, modifications have been made at the rotor bars, through insertion of massive ferromagnetic pieces inside them. Two approaches have been performed (semi-analytical and numerical) to model these new proposed bars over a frequency range. A dynamic modelling has been carried out, which takes into account the influence of these pieces on different starting characteristics namely the electromagnetic torque, the stator current, the speed, and the machine startup time studied.


The first section of this paper deals with the Note 3104, A problem in differential geometry, by J. K. Brunton in The Gazette for October 1964. The second section was prompted by it.


The first reference to what has since become known as action learning was by Revans in October 1945; it was in a report upon the future of the British coalmining industry issued by the Mining Association of Great Britain. He recommended setting up a staff college for the industry, at which the field managers would be encouraged to learn with and from each other using the group review to find solutions to their immediate problems — about which something needed to be done whether the staff college had been set up or not. The report specifically said that the college ought not to have any permanent corps of experts and lecturers, although there was no objection to them being invited in for particular missions, after it was clear what those missions were supposed to be seeking.


Article 53 paragraph 1 of the 2003 law concerning the National Education System is the absence of compliance caused by internal foundation conflicts so that legal compliance is legal compliance with Education Providers Against Article 53 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 20 Year drafted by Soerjono Sukamto related to Compliance, identification , internalization is not described at all related to SMK M3. Legal compliance was not carried out due to a foundation conflict which has also not received legal certainty to date. The problem in this thesis is how the M3 Vocational High School's Legal Compliance Against Article 53 Paragraph (1) Law No. 20 of 2003 Concerning the National Education System What is the legal standing of M3 Vocational High School Against Article 53 Paragraph (1) Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education. The research method used is research on the legal standing of the M3 Vocational High School against Article 53 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The research method used is empirical research using field data. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative normative way. The results of the study show that the government's indecisiveness towards educational institutions that do not use legal entities is of course based on history, meaning that this M3 school was founded before the foundation conflict was not a new school establishment. According to the author, the government also prioritizes students' rights in pursuing education and indirectly private schools are schools that assist the government in educating the nation's children.


In order to understand the stress responses, we measured the concentration of stress hormones by using the fresh feces of wild otters in the Gwangju stream and Seomjin river during summer and winter in 2018. We compared seasonal and regional number of spraints (=otters' feces), temperature, altitude, water width, land cover, and water quality with stress hormones. The stress hormone levels were higher in summer than in winter, and significantly different to season and region. In addition, the number of feces were different according to the season and region, and showed a negative correlation with stress hormone. This study suggested assessing stress hormones as another promising method for the analysis of status of wild otters and it will contribute to establish the management and conservation policy, especially in urban area.


The author discusses problems in defining rehabilitation engineering. He then provides an overview of the various forms of sensory and motor augmentation or substitution. These include tactile visual systems, visual cortex neuroprostheses, mobility and navigational devices, and other aids for the blind, deaf, and mute, as well as for those individuals paralyzed at least from the hip downward by spinal cord injury.<<ETX>>


http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/models/ The Starting Point "Teaching with Models" module is designed for introductory geoscience faculty interested in learning about models and how they can be used effectively to enhance student learning. In addition to providing a basic background of what models are and how they can be used, this resource module intimately integrates pedagogy with examples of teaching resources.


We present a novel and efficient approach for estimating the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of the angles-of-arrival (AoAs) of multiple sources. The approach is iterative and is based on orthogonal projections in order to optimise the ML cost function, thus the name OPML. As will be shown, the advantage of using an orthogonal basis of the signal manifold would allow solving the ML cost function in an iterative manner. In fact, we propose two algorithms based on OPML, i.e. OPML-l and OPML-2, which exhibit lower computational complexity and faster convergence than existing ML algorithms. In this paper, we discuss the idea of OPML and its two implementations, followed by simulation results to demonstrate their performance.


Injection molding is one of the most popular processes in plastic industry. Despite the significant progresses in technical point of view there are still problems to be solved in injection molding process. One of these problems is well-known weldline. A weldline is formed when the two flow front seperates and rejoins during the filling process. The flow front separation is caused by an obstruction in the cavity such as core, inserts and multiple gates. The typical occurrence of weldlines is one of the most undesirable phenomena in injection molding because the molded product's appearance is damaged and its strength is reduced considerably. A major factor which weakens the strength is the V-notch structure in its surface and parallel molecular orientation in inner structure. Several methods were tried to remove the weldline in injection-molded parts, but in fail. In the present paper a new technique to remove the weldline is proposed. This technique is named as ,'moving core method


This paper focuses on understanding the role of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) in individual development by gaining better employment and higher earnings. It further explores the relationship between Technical & Vocational Education and the growth of national economy. Technical and Vocational Education is the form of education that consists of training all necessary skills required for profitable employment as well as acquisition of basic educational foundation. TVE enables the individual to gain all necessary skills and competencies for employability which affect the national growth and development


Six welded hollow spherical joint specimens were tested under fire in fire test furnace to investigate their behavior under high temperature.The main parameters in the tests were the outside diameter and wall thickness of hollow sphere and steel pipe,yield strength of steel material and the load ratio.The distribution and influencing factors of the temperature fields,the displacement characteristics and the failure modes were obtained.The nonlinear finite element numerical simulation was performed on the compression properties of the welded hollow spherical joints under fire with the thermal parameters specified in the Eurocode.The distribution law and influencing factors of the temperature fields were analyzed.By analyzing the displacement variation characteristics of the welded hollow spherical joints under fire,their failure modes were determined.The comparison between numerical analysis and test results show good agreement.It can be concluded that decreasing the load ratio or increasing the thickness of the welded steel pipe can prolong the ultimate fire-resistant duration,and the steel tube root is the weakness of the welded hollow spherical joint under compression in fire.


To advance and test fully routine activities theory, it is necessary to examine the relationship between routines and victimization in specific domains of social life, such as work, school, home, and leisure. Domain-specific studies, however, are limited in number and in rigor. In this light, using a sample of faculty members, the present study attempts to assess the impact of routines on victimization at work. The results support the utility of routine activities theory as an explanation of differences in workplace vitimization of faculty members. We discuss the implication of these findings, as well as the implications of domain-specific models for empirical tests of routine activities theory.


The main reasons of packet loss were described and the related techniques of packet loss were introduced.Packet loss processing techniques,which include packet loss concealment and packet loss recovery,were used to recover and conceal the packet loss.And the aim of packet loss prevention was to prevent network congestion in order to reduce the packet loss rate.In addition,the current situation and trend about VoIP were given and discussed.


ABSTRACT Whether behavioural economics has a fundamental influence on economics is debated by behavioural and heterodox economists as well as by methodologists and historians of economics. At the core of this debate is the question whether behavioural economics is shaped by large-scale content imports from psychology or whether these transfers have been too selective to challenge dominant approaches in economics. This study contributes to the debate in analysing a variety of bibliographic data from the disciplinary boundary between economics and psychology. Two data sets from the boundary of behavioural economics and psychology are compared to sets of economic and psychology publications in quantifying the use of mathematics, the share of empirical contributions, the authors' academic background, and their cross-citations via network analysis. In contrast to proposals made by some methodologists and behavioural economists, the statistical results confirm content transfers from psychology via behavioural economics only to a limited extend. The observed level of interaction provides evidence for a selective import of specific psychological findings by a small number of established investigators in behavioural economics. These findings were then intensively debated as divergences from rationality within the growing, but econ-centred community of behavioural economists.


Abstract:Alexander Pope's famous dictum that "The Sound must seem an Eccho to the Sense" usually is taken to advocate straightforwardly that poetic sound can and should imitate meaning, in a kind of onomatopoeia writ large. This essay contends, however, that the real complexity of the line has not been recognized. Pope conjures a "seem"-ingly stable relation between "Sound" and "Sense" only to destabilize both terms and to raise fundamental questions about the material stuff of language. Indeed, reading Pope's "Eccho" alongside Enlightenment philosophy of language, this essay explores some sophisticated ways that poetry can participate in philosophy.


The polisher has been innovated according to the technology acquirement of preparing metallographic's sample.Mechanic system had been changed to improve precision.The newly designed display panel operated easily and the interface more pretty.


Health is not based on absence of illness, but it is a matter that
balances our physical, mental, spiritual and sexual aspects of life
[1].


L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) is an important commercial amino acid. It is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, the requirement of L-Phe is increased according to the great demand for the low-calorie sweetener, aspartame. In Escherichia coli, the synthesis of L-Phe is controlled by the multi-hierarchical regulations. AroG isoform of 3-deoxy- D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHP synthase) and chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase (PheA), two important enzymes, are feedback inhibited by LPhe. Co-expression of feedback-resistant pheA (pheA[superscript L359D]) with other pivotal genes in L-Phe biosynthesis pathway: aroB, aroL, phedh, tktA, aroG, pheA, yddG, and glpF in pRSFDuet-1 (pPTFBLYA[superscript L359D]) elevated L-Phe production of E. coli BL21(DE3) 3.78 fold in comparison to that of wildtype (pPTFBLYAwt). In this research, wildtype aroG (aroGwt) and feedback resistant aroG genes (aroGL175D, aroG[superscript Q151L], aroGQ151A and aroG[superscript Q151N]) were cloned into pRSFDuet-1 and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). AroGQ151N clone gave the highest specific activity of DAHP synthase in the presence of 20 mM L-Phe. Therefore, E. coli BL21(DE3) containing pBLPTA[superscriptL359D]Gwt & pYF and pBLPTA[superscript L359D]GQ151N & pYF were constructed and their production of LPhe in 6% glycerol medium were determined in comparison to pBLPT & pYF clone. The presence of PheA[superscript L359D] and AroG[superscript Q151N] elevated L-Phe production 8.7 fold while the clone containing AroG[superscript Q151N] produced L-Phe 1.2 fold higher than AroGwt clone.


Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica(Mongol scotch pine),which is important for degraded ecosystem reconstruction and for establishment of green ecological barriers in northern China,adapts well to cold,droughty,and barren environments with favorable regeneration capability when wind erosion is controlled and shifting sand is fixed.This research was conducted to explore the regeneration potential of Mongol scotch pine and to promote its natural regeneration process in sandy lands.Based on the traditional community investigation and data statistical analysis,the conclusion can be drawn that the Mongol scotch pine in Hulun Buir sandy land distributed with great regeneration potential.Results showed that seedling density on the north-facing slope was four times larger than density on south-facing slope,and the Mongol scotch pine forest showed the trend of northward expansion from large-scale view.The forest seedling population age structure showed a greater percentage of young growth.Also,the seedling population age pyramid was a stable balanced type.Additionally,the seedling population had a clumped distribution pattern with high contagion and diffusion resulting in high spatial dispersion to population seedling density.


Objective To analyze the features of multiple traumas and its management,and explore the therapeutical effect of damage control surgery for multiple traumas.Methods The clinical data of 322 patients with severe multiple traumas admitted from June 2005 to June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.These severely injured patients with an injury severity score(ISS) 16 points were included in a retrospective analysis.Data collected for analysis consist of the general characteristic of the multiple traumas patients,mechanism and timing of injury,incidence of complications and mortality.Results 303 of 322(91%) patients were successfully treated and 19(5.9%) patients were dead.Complications occurred in 54(16.8%)cases.The incidences of adult respiratory distress syndrome,diffuse intravascular coagulation,multiple organs dys-function syndrome,abdominal compartment syndrome and infection were 5%(16/322),2.5%(8/322),2.8%(9/322),1%(3/322),5%(16/322),respectively.Conclusion The main clinical characteristics of multiple traumas are severity of injuries,bad prognosis and high incidence of complications,DCS could reduce multiple traumas patients' mortality rate and incidence of complications.


The border region covering the surface from Serbia to Bulgaria onwards, consists mostly of low mountains, Stara planina, higly-located river valleys and Negotina region northward. In spite of such relief, it used to be densely populated region. After the World War II, it hadn't been an attractive place for the young to live in any longer, so they started to move collectively. Gradually but permanently, the traditional economic field the cattle breeding - disappeared. The present situation shows: almost deserted villages in the hilly-mountainous region, unused pastures and meadows, the cities situated in the mountainous piedmont areas inhabited by peasant inhabitants. Mostly those people work as unqualified manpower in industrial sections of average capacities.

From the point of view of normal economic development, the border region toward Bulgaria hasn't great perspective for geographical prosperity. The traditional economy hardly exists, and the new one hasn't been developed enough.


Introduction. Barrett Esophagus is an acquired condition secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and it´s the main risk factor for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Although there is controversy about tissue sampling at endoscopy when segments are lesser than 10 mm, the prevalence of ultrashort Barrett´s esophagus is up to 20%. Objective. To estimate ultrashort Barrett Esophagus prevalence in a poblational cohort of Argentina and to assess the presence of dysplasia. Methods. A cross-sectional study of the endoscopic and pathological reports of ultrashort Barrett suspicion in an outpatient endoscopy center was performed during 2016-2017. 894 patients were enrolled. Results. 52% of the cohort were male, whose mean age was 56 years (± 12 years). Average Body Mass Index was 26 ± 4 kg/m2. Endoscopically, 50% had hiatal hernia and mean length was 2.32 ± 0.59 cm. Virtual chromoendoscopy was applied in 60% of patients. Ultrashort Barrett´s Esophagus prevalence was 25% (IC 95%), 224/894 patients. Median length was 0.74 ± 0.24 cm. Male sex and presence of hiatal hernia showed a statistically significant association with ultrashort BE presence in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Ultrashort BE was identified in 25% of the patients, being more frequent in male sex and in patients with hiatal hernia; two variables that are independently related to intestinal metaplasia. Dysplasia was not observed.


[Objective]To carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of drug combination for hypertension. [Methods]There were three schemes of drug combination for hypertension: group A(amlodipine 5 mg,administration in the morning),group B(fosinopril 10 mg,administration in the morning),and group C(felodipine 5 mg,administration in the morning).The analysis and evaluation was conducted by medicinal methods. [Results]The total effective rate of three groups was 96.0% and 84.0% respectively,and the difference was not significant(P0.05).The cost of group C was the lowest,and it had better cost-effectiveness ratio. [Conclusion]Felodipine is a reasonable drug for hypertension in clinic.


The corrosion and scale inhibition performances of modified lignosulphonate GCL2-D1 were studied by weight loss,electrochemical polarization and bubbling methods.The results indicated that the corrosion and scale inhibition performances of GCL2-D1 were much better than those of unmodified sodium lignosulphonate.The corrosion inhibition rate of 20# carbon steel was 95% when the concentration of GCL2-D1 was 50 mg·L-1.In addition,the scale inhibition rate was over 95% when the concentration of GCL2-D1 was 8 mg·L-1.As GCL2-D1 is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor,it is considered that the main corrosion inhibition mechanism is formation of adsorption film on the surface of carbon steel,and the scale inhibition mechanism includes complexation, dispersion and distortion of lattice.


Shape modification of curves or surfaces is an important process in computer geometric modeling. This paper presents a new method to modify NURBS curves so that their shapes satisfy specified geometric constraints such as points and tangent vectors at more than one selected parametric points. The main idea of this method is given as follows: Firstly, some new conceptions are introduced, such as local curve, total curve, redundant constraints and redundant curve etc. For every parametric point, after computing a set of local curves that satisfy constraints at those parametric points respectively, one total curve consisting of those local curves is constructed. Subsequently, one redundant curve satisfying the redundant constraints is interpolated. Finally, applying the idea of constructing Coons surface, the modified curve that equals to the redundant curve subtracted from the total curve is obtained. Meanwhile, as a byproduct, authors find two existing methods are actually the same one. Examples show that the proposed approach is applicable for CAD systems.


EGTVEDT, I., SAGSTUEN, E., BERGENE, R., AND HENRIKSEN, T. Radiation Damage to Dihydrouracil. Radiat. Res. 75, 252-268 (1978). Single crystals of dihydrouracil, grown from D20 solutions, were irradiated with 4.0-MeV electrons at 77 K. Electron spin resonance techniques were used to study radiation-induced radicals in the temperature range from 77 to 295 K. Altogether four different radicals were identified. Two radicals, the anion protonated at 0(4) and the cation deprotonated at N(1) were observed at 77 K only. Resonance lines from the dihydrouracil-5-yl (U 5-yl) and dihydrouracil-6-yl (U 6-yl) radicals were also observed at this temperature. The detailed structure of the latter two radicals were studied separately. At room temperature the U 6-yl was the main radical species which completely dominated the resonance spectra. Furthermore, uv exposure at 77 K of crystals previously annealed at 295 K resulted in a conversion of the U 6-yl radical into the U 5-yl species. By repeated annealing at room temperature the process may again be reversed. Thus, the technique used gave ample opportunities for a detailed study of the radical conformation. INDO MO-calculations have been performed both for identification purposes and for attaining information about the radical geometry.


Pharmacy graduates need to have highly-developed oral communication skills in order to meet the
competency requirements of the profession. This includes being able to provide clear, concise and relevant
information pertaining to drug treatment, to prioritise information, and to select a communication style and
vocabulary that is appropriate for the patient and situation. The Division of Pharmacy has introduced
communication skills, including oral counselling assessments, into all years of the Bachelor of Pharmacy
program, an important step in meeting the National Competency Standards Framework for Pharmacists in
Australia (2010). The failure of some students on work experience placements has been attributed to poor oral
communication skills. Although Learning Skills Advisers (Student Learning Team) provide academic and
English language skills support to all University of Tasmania students, uptake by Pharmacy students has
historically been very low. Students sometimes expressed a view that the Learning Skills Advisers, being
unfamiliar with the specific communication tasks and challenges within the Pharmacy course, would be
unable to assist them. This presentation reports on a collaborative project between Pharmacy academics and Learning Skills
Advisers aimed at allowing both groups to develop their understanding of the challenges that students face
in relation to the assessable oral communication components of the Bachelor of Pharmacy program, and to
work together to design, deliver and evaluate a program to address these challenges. In 2013, Learning Skills
Advisers gained an understanding of the role and nature of oral communication in pharmacy practice, and of
oral assessment tasks within the course, through observation of classes and discussion with Pharmacy
academics. In Semester 1 2014 the advisers and Pharmacy academics worked together to embed a program of
communication skills development into year 2 and 3 units in the Bachelor of Pharmacy. This involved aligning
communication skills workshops with practical classes, conducting one-to-one patient counselling sessions
concurrent with practical classes, and offering dedicated individual consultation times. This collaboration
enabled students to learn vocabulary and strategies to improve their oral communication skills and to
practise and receive feedback, at the same time as ensuring their discipline-specific content was correct and
appropriate. At the end of semester, an on-line survey was conducted to obtain feedback on the student experience. 82%
of respondents reported that the collaborative program provided useful advice and had helped them
improve their oral communication skills. Fifty-two percent of students had been able to identify some aspect
of their oral communication that they needed to keep working on. Students suggested that more learning
opportunities of this type would be valuable. The result of this collaboration has been an increased awareness by both students and academic staff of the
value of such development opportunities as well as the expertise the advisers provide. The number of
Pharmacy students engaging with support to develop oral communication skills has dramatically increased.
Advisers have enhanced their understanding of the requirements of pharmacy communication; and are
developing a model for embedding communications skills development in other courses in collaboration
with discipline staff.


For measurement problems with unknown fluids a new calibration-free volume flow measurement technique is developed. This measurement technique includes a discontinuous heat source associated with a minimum of two thermal sensors arranged downstream. The heat source is used to generate a signal code [dT/dt] by injection of local thermal pulses into the flow line. The thermal sensors detect the time-dependent thermal gradients in the fluid at different positions. Herewith, the measurement technique aims at the determination of the flow velocity by ToF, with the particular advantage of applying to measurements of any fluids with unknown properties. The volume flow is determined by integrating the flow profile. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


The invention provides a stainless steel active rosin flux for arc welding and a preparation method thereof. A formula of the stainless steel active rosin flux for arc welding comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35 percent of SiO2, 0.7-1.5 percent of B2O3, 7-10 percent of TiO2, 16-26 percent of Cr2O3 and 38-42 percent of CaF2. The stainless steel active rosin flux for arc welding is used in the arc welding process of a stainless steel material, so that the weld penetration depth is increased, and the problem that the one-time welding depth of the stainless steel material does not surpass 3 millimeter when the conventional arc welding is adopted is solved.


Abstract In this paper we discuss the spectral properties of undulator radiation with a harmonic undulator field to include the off-axis field structure in the analysis. The analysis is aimed to clarify the role of betatron oscillation in a harmonic undulator which arise when the electrons are emitted off the undulator axis.


This research aims to Analyze household income capability to finance household needs and how to improve household income capability. The research was conducted in Muaro Jambi Regency in plasma farmers and self-help farmers. The research was conducted by survey where the sample was taken based on the representative representation of the phenomenon of the population. Sampling used is a multi stage sampling of sub-districts and villages. The sample size are 60 farmers consist of 30 Plasma Farmers and 30 Swadaya Farmers. The result of the research shows that 1) There is a significant difference between the average household income of Plasma Farmers with the average income of households of Swadaya Farmers, 2) There is a significant difference between the average cost of household needs of Plasma Farmers with the average home needs Ladder of Swadaya Farmers. 3) There is a significant difference between the level of household income capability of Plasma Farmers and Self-Helpers. Household income level of Plasma Farmers who are able to finance their household needs is about 95% relatively higher than Swadaya farmers about 87%, 4) The level of household income capability of Plasma Farmers and Self-Helpers who can not afford to finance their household needs can be improved through the application of crop pattern Inbetween palm-rice/corn-pineapple/banana-chili, and through the use of leisure time used for productive work each become 139.6 percent and 144.3 percent thus all farmers will be able to finance their household needs.


The disposition of primaquine (0·75 mg, 5 μCi) has been investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation alone and concurrently with mefloquine. In both groups, primaquine concentrations declined exponentially. There were no significant differences between the respective groups in the half‐lives (2·5 ± 1·5, 2·2 ± 1·1 h), AUCs (0·43 ± 0·14, 0·372 ± 0·096 μg·h ml−1), clearances (19·0 ± 5·4, 21·1 ± 4·2 ml h−1), and apparent volume of distribution (78·9 ± 28·1, 76·2 ± 31·7 ml). In the presence of mefloquine, total bile production was significantly reduced (1244·5 ± 317·1 μl) compared with primaquine alone (1621·5 ± 174·2 μl). Hence, although significantly less radioactivity ([3H]) was eliminated in bile in the presence of mefloquine (30·0 ± 7·9 per cent versus 39·9 ± 3·6 per cent) there was no significant difference between the groups in [3H]/μl bile eliminated. Significantly more [3H] was recovered from the livers of the mefloquine/primaquine group. This was underlined by the significantly greater proportions of [3H] recovered from the 10000 g pellet, 10000 g supernatant and 105000 g supernatant in the presence of mefloquine compared with primaquine alone. Hence, it appears mefloquine had little or no direct action or primaquine metabolism, but significantly reduced bile production.


summary:

 Most scholars are convinced that Rome in 79 b.c.e.  remained cowed by fear of Sulla. This paper attempts a new reconstruction of the political mood of the year 79 and the significance of the successful consular canvass of M. Aemilius Lepidus. I argue that the insecurity of Sulla's settlement was felt almost immediately after he stepped back from formal power. A general unease crystallized around two specific and explosive issues: the unresolved fate of those in exile from the Sullan regime and the possibility of recriminations for actions taken during the civil war and proscriptions.


A computational model is studied to analyze the mechanical performance of PC multi-girder structure,which includes the propagation of cracks within the beam and diaphragm,the cracking pattern,the distribution of transverse loads and the stress redistribution in the prestressed steels.In the study,the nonlinearity of concrete material is described by using smeared crack model and other corresponding criteria.According to the mechanical characteristics of PC multi-girder structure,two typical loadcases defined as symmetric loadcase and offset loadcase are designed and then the lateral mechanical performances are analyzed and clarified in detail.Numerical results testify that the computational model is correct and the occurrence of cracks is closely related with the disposal of the acted loads.When subjected to symmetric loads,the PC multi-girder structure firstly produces cracks in its diaphragm and then in its beam;under offset loads,the crack appears earlier in the beam than in the diaphragm.Cracks in the diaphragm weaken the transverse connections between the beams,which leads to unfavorable change of the transverse loads distribution.The stress in the prestressed bar increases slowly in the elastic stage and then fast until the yielding stress is reached.


These notes are from a series of lectures given at the Workshop on the Homotopy Theory of Homotopy Theories which took place in Caesarea, Israel, in May 2010. The workshop was organized by David Blanc, Emmanuel Farjoun, and David Kazhdan, and talks not indicated otherwise were given by the author. 1. Overview: Introduction to the homotopy theory of homotopy theories To understand homotopy theories, and then the homotopy theory of them, we first need an understanding of what a "homotopy theory" is. The starting point is the classical homotopy theory of topological spaces. In this setting, we consider topological spaces up to homotopy equivalence, or up to weak homotopy equivalence. Techniques were developed for defining a nice homotopy category of spaces, in which we define morphisms between spaces to be homotopy classes of maps between CW complex replacements of the original spaces being considered. However, the general framework here is not unique to topology; an analogous situation can be found in homological algebra. We can take projective replacements of chain complexes, then chain homotopy classes of maps, to define the derived category, the algebraic analogue of the homotopy category of spaces. The question of when we can make this kind of construction (replacing by some particularly nice kinds of objects and then taking homotopy classes of maps) led to the definition of a model category by Quillen in the 1960s [55]. The essential information consists of some category of mathematical objects, together with some choice of which maps are to be considered weak equivalences. The additional information, and the axioms this data must satisfy, guarantee the existence of a well-behaved homotopy category as we have in the above examples, with no set theory problems arising. A more general notion of homotopy theory was developed by Dwyer and Kan in the 1980s. Their simplicial localization [30] and hammock localization [29] techniques provided a method in which a category with weak equivalences can be assigned to a simplicial category. More remarkably, they showed that up to a natural notion of equivalence (now called Dwyer-Kan equivalence), every simplicial category arises in this way [28]. Thus, if a "homotopy theory" is just a category with weak equivalences, then we can just as easily think of simplicial categories as homotopy theories. In other words, simplicial categories provide a model for homotopy theories. Date: August 9, 2011. The author was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0805951.


Jolanta Korsak, Anna Łata © Pediatr Med Rodz 2015, 11 (3), p. 250–258 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided that the original article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2015.0023 Received: 11.06.2015 Accepted: 30.06.2015 Published: 30.09.2015 Ostre poprzetoczeniowe uszkodzenie płuc – często nierozpoznawana reakcja po przetoczeniu składników krwi Transfusion-related acute lung injury – a frequently undiagnosed reaction following transfusion of blood components


Seedlings of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) growing in a temperaturecontrolled greenhouse at day/night temperatures of 26723°C were pre-conditioned for 6 weeks prior to transplanting, by one of the following watering regimes: D, watered daily; W, weekly; or F, 2-weekly. After transplanting, 24 seedlings of each pre-conditioning treatment were placed into one of the following environments: (a) the pre-transplanting environment, but watered every 8-10 days; (b) artificially-lit cabinet at 23°/20°C (day/night temperatures), and watered every 10-14 days; (c) as (b), but watered every third day. After transplanting, the D seedlings exhibited high rates of transpiration which fell to about 10% of the original value after 2 days. When the seedlings were actively transpiring, their stomata remained wide open even though the plants were experiencing increasing water deficits. The F and W seedlings on being transplanted, opened their stomata only partly, and thus initially used less water than the D seedlings, and developed smaller water deficits. In the pretransplanting period D seedlings had significantly higher rates of stomatal and cuticular transpiration than the W plants which in turn had higher rates than the F plants, but 3 weeks after transplanting, this order was reversed. Eighteen days after transplanting, the F seedlings had more new root growth than the W seedlings. The D seedlings had the least new root growth. These differences in root growth had disappeared 40 days after transplanting.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract — Impulse Noise reduction is very energetic research area in photograph processing. It is one of the essential processes inside the pre-processing of virtual picas. There are many strategies to take away the noise from the photo and produce the clear visual of the photo. Also there are several filters and photo smoothing strategies to be had. a majority of these to be had techniques have positive limitations. These days, neural network are found to be very efficient device for photograph Enhancement. On this, a -stage noise elimination method to cope with impulse noise is proposed. Inside the first level, an additive -stage neural community is implemented to cast off the noise cleanly and hold the uncorrupted data well. Within the 2nd stage, the bushy selection regulations inspired by using human visible system are proposed to compensate the blur of the edge and destruction due to median clear out. A neural network is proposed to beautify the sensitive regions with higher visible pleasant.


Although several cases of reactions to bee venom including acute renal failure have been reported, the literature from Africa is scanty and that concerning children virtually non-existent. We report a child who was stung by over 1,000 bees and developed acute renal failure and extensive scalp necrosis. The pathogenesis of these complications is discussed and the importance of their public awareness stressed.


This paper presents some image processing methods that could produce accurate character segmentation results for historical newspaper archives. A full text search using a word spotting technique is no doubt a promising approach in order to facilitate the utilization of digital archives. Some word spotting techniques require the target images to be segmented into character images in advance, however character segmentation is a difficult issue especially for old and degraded document images. This paper figures out the causes that make the character segmentation difficult, and removes them in order to improve the accuracy of character segmentation. We first detect the ruled lines using Hough Transform in order to segment a whole newspaper image into column-separated images. Then we remove the ruled lines as well as ruby characters and noise. The proposed system is tested for 20 column-separated images of historical newspapers, and the accuracy of character segmentation is improved to 96.3%.


Objective To investigate the treatment of joint injury in hand. Methods From 1980 to 2002,we treated the cases with joint injury in hand by different surgery in our hospital, and followed-up and compared. Joint motion range, swelling, pain, deformity and pinch strength in all the cases were measured and compared to evaluate the treatments.Results It is the most satisfied treatment that using prosthetic replacement.Conclusion Although there are some shortcomings in joint prosthetic replacement,its effect will be more perfect with application of new materials and improvement of prosthetic design.


This paper investigates the financial performance of a few Indian housing finance companies.  Several variables, such as capital utilization, cost, revenue, and profit margin, all have an impact on an organization's financial performance. This investigation has broken down the financial performance of HFCs for the top six HFCs in India over an eight years period. This report examines the growth of profitability and financial adequacy of HFCs, as well as their financial performance in terms of operating profit, net profit, return on capital employed, and return on assets. In this analysis, the F test is used in two ways to analyze the financial information of HFCs.


As the biggest development country of East Asia,Japan plays an important role in the economic cooperation.The paper
makes a study of the economic cooperation of East Asia from the perspective of the Japanese factor,by analyzing the motivations of
Japan's joining in East Asia economic cooperation.It points out that regional doctrines will become Japan's most important foreign
strategy in the 21~(st) century.


Injury to the skin provides a new challenge, as wound healing is a complex and intricate process. Nonhealing wounds represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for a large portion of the population. Delayed wound healing is one of the major therapeutic and economic issues in medicine today. Wound healing requires a concerted effort of remodeling of various components of the connective tissue in the presence of appropriate cytokines and growth factors. Unfortunately we still do not understand the actual mechanism of wound healing. This review is an effort to provide information about current challenges of wound healing and their management, recent advances in wound care technology and current management guidelines for the treatment of wounds and ulcers. Various steps like microbial control, subsidence of inflammation, regeneration of connective tissue, angiogenesis and epithelialisation should take place in a time-bound sequence. The development of new and effective interventions in Wound care remains an area of intense research.


The invention relates to an algorithm for realizing rapid image splicing in an automotive panoramic display system. Two points are selected in a common area shot by cameras in a world coordinate system; the two selected points are found in a to-be-spliced image by spatial conversion; the two points in the image are connected to solve a linear equation; the image is cut by using the linear as a boundary; and the two cut images are spliced. According to the invention, the algorithm is targeted and has a good effect when being used in an automotive panoramic display system; and the algorithm can be realized easily; the requirement on the processor of the system is low; and the real-time performance is excellent.


Within the coming decade, there will be a dramatic increase in the availability of inexpensive, computationally powerful mobile devices running applications which use the Internet Protocol (IP) to access multimedia services over broad-band wireless connections. To this end, there has been extensive research and standardization in the areas of Mobile IP and IPv6. The purpose of this paper is to apply this work to the issues involved in designing a mobility model able to adapt to different wireless mobile IP scenarios. We describe the usefulness of this model in the 4th generation mobile multimedia systems to come. This new model has been synthesized through a comparative analysis of current mobile IP models where particular attention has been given to the problems of mobile IP handoff and mobility management and their impact on QoS. By applying a unique perspective to these problems, our model is used to set a roadmap for future mobile IPv6 testbed construction.


The recent developments in data center topologies offer high bandwidth capacity and multiple paths between processing nodes. The increased use of cloud computing applications imposes challenges on underlying network infrastructure. To meet these challenges we need efficient traffic management that can maximize the utilization of multi-path data center networks. Path diversity not only provides the opportunity of performing load balancing and improve fault tolerance, but also can be exploited to allocate more bandwidth for large flows and improve the performance of network-limited applications. In this paper, we present an architecture based on Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) to provide better bandwidth allocation for large flows. The SDN controller, which has global knowledge of network topology and traffic measurements, is capable of making educated routing decisions. The proposed SDN architecture enables applications to achieve better throughput for large flows by initiating new MPTCP subflows. To provide this capability, we modify the Linux kernel MPTCP implementation to enable applications to create additional MPTCP subflows on-demand. These MPTCP subflows are placed on least-congested paths by the centralized controller. The evaluation results obtained from running experiments on the GENI testbed environment show a significant improvement in the throughput of large flows.


The drive to use hydrogen as energy carrier or reducing agent to synthesise hydrocarbons boosts its demand, requiring affordable and reliable separation methods. In this work, the combination of a selective but vulnerable Pd thin film with a robust metal–organic framework (MOF) yielding a contaminant-resistant composite membrane for hydrogen separation is reported.


The potential for increased loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams and rivers is a concern for regulating the water quality in water supply watersheds. With increasing hydroclimatic variability related to global warming and shifts in forest ecosystem community and structure, understanding and predicting the magnitude and variability of watershed supply and transport of DOC over multiple time scales have become important research and management goals. In this study, we use a distributed process‐based ecohydrological model (Regional Hydro‐Ecological Simulation System [RHESSys]) to explore controls and predict streamflow DOC loads in Biscuit Brook. Biscuit Brook is a forested headwater catchment of the Neversink Reservoir, part of the New York City water supply system in the Catskill Mountains. Three different model structures of RHESSys were proposed to explore and evaluate hypotheses addressing how vegetation phenology and hydrologic connectivity between deep groundwater and riparian zones influence streamflow and DOC loads. Model results showed that incorporating dynamic phenology improved model agreement with measured streamflow in spring, summer, and fall and fall DOC concentration, compared with a static phenology. Additionally, the connectivity of deep groundwater flux through riparian zones with dynamic phenology improved streamflow and DOC flux in low flow conditions. Therefore, this study suggests the importance of inter‐annual vegetation phenology and the connectivity of deep groundwater drainage through riparian zones in the hydrology and stream DOC loading in this forested watershed and the ability of process‐based ecohydrological models to simulate these dynamics. The advantage of a process‐based modelling approach is specifically seen in the sensitivity to forest ecosystem dynamics and the interactions of hydroclimate variability with ecosystem processes controlling the supply and distribution of DOC. These models will be useful to evaluate different forest management approaches toward mitigating water quality concerns.


The benefits of using Effective Microorganisms (EM) in animal production program was tested at the Hanoi Zoological Gardens. EM was used in professional dog houses, chicken pens, dairy herds and many other animal units. The studies illustrate that EM increased the resistance of animals to diseases and was very effective in controlling odor. The latter was the most promising aspect of EM in the Hanoi Zoo. Due to he success of these projects, the Hanoi Agricultural University has undertaken many training projects with EM. Students and farmers are being trained on the use of this technology in agricultural enterprises. The presentation highlights these projects. Introduction Vietnam is a tropical country. The total area of the country is 332,000 km and is densely populated. Agriculture is based mainly on rice production, supported by other crops such us maize, potato, sweet potato, cassava......, livestock production forms 25 % of the agricultural output value. Traditional farming is based on an integrated system of rice, root crops, fruit trees, vegetable, livestock and poultry. New integrated system known as VAC links the garden (Crops)the pond (fish) and the shed (animal). This integration have brought more income for rural small holders. With large scale animal raising, the management and treatment of noxious gases and odor formed from floors, stored wastes and animal slurry has become a major problem for resolve. In view the potential application of EM to resolve these problems, HAU have carried out some experiment in the area of animal husbandry & health. This paper are some preliminary results of EM in this field. 2. Experiments: 2.1. Study the effect of EM on poultry production: 2.1.1. Experiment procedure: a) Estimated daily dry matter in chicken is wasted: Laying hens and broilers. b) One experiment is conducted to determine the effectiveness of adding EM to the drinking water. 200 broiler breeder hens were divided in two groups: Treatment birds: mixing EM1 1/1000 in drinking water and the EM solution was sprayed on deep-litter and the walls. Control birds The preliminary results: a) Daily dry matter in chicken manure (Table 1) Table1: Daily dry matter in chicken manure Class Live body weight (g) Dry matter intake (g) Manure dry matter is wasted (g) Laying hens Broilers 1,900 800 120 90 *30 **12 *Digestibility : 75% ** Digestibility : 80% b) EM effect on broiler breeder hens (Table 2) The preliminary results indicated that: average egg production for the seven weeks period (summer season) following treatment with EM1 was significantly higher, eliminated the incidence of diarrhea and odors of chicken house is minimized for birds supplemented EM1 in drinking water compared to the control birds. Table 2. EM effect on broiler breeder hens production Treatment birds ( +EM1) Control birds Egg production (%) Deformed eggs (%) Incidence of diarrhea (%) Odors of chicken house 66.1 1.0 no present minimized 63.5 5.0 some birds noxious gases and odors 2.2. Using EM for professional dog house: The professional dog center has been raised 100 male and female pure-bred dogs, these dogs are trained for the police. Before using EM, the odors formed from dog houses is smelling bad. After the application of EM secondary solution 1:300; 1 litter/m, that odor has been eliminated. 2.3. Application of EM for Hanoi Zoological garden (Hanoi Zoo): Hanoi Zoo was founded in 1976 with 11,870 square meter of cage space, 60,000 m of lawn, 17,000 m of flower beds, 19,000 m of pathways, 10 ha of water lake and 8,573 trees and has principal responsibilities: The preservation and conservation of rare animal species. Today, the Hanoi Zoo is raising to around 800 animal of 90 different species. Providing an atmosphere where the people can visit to relax and learn about animal. Many animal species cared at Hanoi Zoo are listed in the Red Data Book for Vietnam. These species include the Indochina Tiger, Clouded leopard, Vietnam Pheasant .... Noxious gases and odors formatted from floors of animal confinement building, stored wastes and animal manure can be irritating to both the animal and the animal attendants and have been the cause of numerous complaints by visitants. Hanoi Zoo has to apply the appropriate disinfectant to the floors, walls... Nowadays the chemical are too expensive or not available then at beginning of September, HAU have realized some applications of EM in Hanoi Zoo. The firth application of EM is realized in Nyctereutes procyonnoides house: Secondary solutions were diluted 1:300 and applied once every 3 days. The Offensive odors coming from Nyctereutes procyonnoides house were successfully eliminated for 15 days after treatment. At present, the application of EM have extended to the houses of Elephant, Sika deer, Sambar deer and some other areas of Hanoi Zoo. 2.4. Using of EM for dairy cows: Raising dairy cattle in Vietnam has developed since 1959 mainly on government farms. In recent years it has expanded rapidly in the small farms in Hanoi countryside and Ho Chi Minh city. The total number of dairy cows in Vietnam is about 18000 head, about 80 % of them on small holder farms. Manure present the greatest waste management problem to all dairy farmers. A 100 milking cows herd with replacement stock typically produces about 9000 liters of manure each day (Radostits, Leslie, Fetrow, 1 994 ). Dust, noxious gases and odors formed from manure stored have been the cause of an increased incidence of environmental diarrhea, of numerous complaints and litigation's by neighbors. In order to resolve of this problem with EM technologies, our research team have selected 5 dairy farmers at Phu Dong communes, Gia Lam district, Hanoi capital (the average number of cows raised per farmer is 2 cattle ). The ratio of EM concentration was used is 1:200 and applied once every 5 days in the floor during September when the heat intensified decomposition. After 15 days application of EM solution, the noxious gases and offensive odors can be controlled and eliminated. The incidence of diarrhea was decreased. Nowadays, many farmers use EM solution 1:300-500 ratio is said to be quite effective and they have used for pig slurry and have the same results. 3. Training activities: At present, Hanoi Agricultural University is one of the most important center for training and transfer of technology related to EM using for student, scientists technicians of extension center from many provinces. During the November, 1997 HAU research team have realized 10 short training courses, at which some 300 participants. 4. Conclusions: Preliminary results on EM application for Animal Husbandry at Hanoi Agricultural University have confirmed the positive and diverse effects of EM technology on wide range of different field researches. 4.1. Use of EM for broiler breeder hens: Average egg production following treatment with EM1 was significantly higher, eliminated the incidence of diarrhea and odors of chicken house is minimized for birds supplemented EM1 in drinking water. 4.2. Problems dust, noxious gases and odors formed from manure, wasted water ..... of animal house at Hanoi Zoo, professional dogs center, dairy cattle farmers can resolve effectively by EM technology.


This study aims to find out clearly about the practice of the Alqodiriyyah congregation as a monotheistic education system. The location in this study is at the Hidayatussalikin Islamic Boarding School in Pangkalpinang.To answer these questions, this research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. While the method of collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation with data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that the values of tauhid education in this pesantren consist of the elements of monotheism 'rububiyah, monotheism 'uluhiyah and monotheism 'al-Asma wa al-Shifat. While the scope of monotheism education material is: 'Ilahiyyat, Nubuwat, Ruhaniyat. Sam'iyyat. The characteristics of the pesantren are monotheism learning and congregational learning, especially the Alqodiriyyah congregation.  As for the practices of the Alqodiriyyah order at the Islamic boarding school, they are the remembrance of "jahar" and the remembrance of "khafi". Meanwhile, the impact of the practice of the Al-Qodariyyah congregation on monotheism education has experienced a significant increase, namely obedience in worship, honesty, caring, gratitude and patience.


Several pieces of cross‐staffs have been found on the wreck of the Stirling Castle on the Goodwin Sands. One has been assembled from parts of staffs found when the wreck was first investigated, and is currently in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Another part of a staff was found in 2001. It is from a cross‐staff rather than a back‐staff and, except for broken ends, is in good condition. The problems encountered in using such instruments are linked with the loss of Sir Cloudesley Shovell's fleet in 1707. © 2009 The Author


A primary side circuit (2a) outputs, corresponding to an input signal (IN), a first signal at a first reference potential (GND). A level shift main circuit (3) outputs a second signal at a second reference potential (VS) by converting the reference potential (GND) of the first signal received from the primary side circuit (2a) into a second reference potential (VS). A secondary side circuit (4a) generates, using the second signal, an output signal (OUT) at the second reference potential (VS). At least one rectifying element circuit (23) is provided between the primary side circuit (2a) and the secondary side circuit (4a). The primary side circuit (2a) and/or the secondary side circuit (4a) has at least one detection circuit (24, 25) that detects whether a potential (VE2) corresponding to the second reference potential (VS) is equal to or lower than a potential (VE1) corresponding to the first reference potential (GND) by detecting a change of a current flowing in the rectifying element circuit (23).


The high awareness of the importance of practicing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a global trend and lifestyle company with the increasingly widespread concern in the interests of stakeholders. With the sophistication of information technology and market openness without limits brought against company policy to be more serious in considering Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Water hyacinth handicraft industry is one business that is quite well known in the district Banyubiru, Semarang District and is one of the featured products at Semarang district that can contribute to economic growth in the district of Semarang. Water hyacinth handicraft industry in the District Banyubiru, Semarang regency should be developed through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) will be highly beneficial for SMEs if the water hyacinth program implemented on target and in line with expectations and desires required by craftsmen. So we need good communication between the giver and the recipient of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).


Our walking motion control is designed for the purpose of supporting persons who have handicaps. The way of control design is differ from robot control. Simple control, easy sensing and operating are required. Therefore swing leg motion control is introduced. This paper is addressed as 1) control design, 2) walking simulation, and 3)analysis of human walking with our proposing method


Seasonal heat storages are considered essential for district heating systems because they offer flexibility for the system to integrate different fluctuating renewable energy sources. Water pit thermal storages (PTES) have been successfully implemented in solar district heating plants in Denmark. Thermal behavior of a 75,000 m 3 water pit heat storage in Marstal solar heating plant was investigated experimentally and numerically. Temperatures at different levels of the water pit storage and temperatures at different depths of the ground around the storage were monitored and analyzed. A simulation model of the water pit storage is built to investigate development of temperatures in and around the storage. The calculated temperatures are compared to the monitored temperatures with an aim to validate the simulation model. Thermal stratification in the water pit heat storage and its interaction with the ground are elucidated by calculations using the validated CFD model.