Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics is a series of introductory level textbooks covering the core topics in Applied Linguistics, primarily designed for those entering postgraduate studies, or taking an introductory MA course as well as advanced undergraduates. Titles in the series are also ideal for language professionals returning to academic study. The books take an innovative 'practice to theory' approach, with a 'back-to-front' structure. This leads the reader from real-world problems and issues, through a discussion of intervention and how to engage with these concerns, before finally relating these practical issues to theoretical foundations. Additional features include tasks with commentaries, a glossary of key terms, and an annotated further reading section.


Here are the very people of the streets whom he passes every day, here they are coming to him. .. telling him all about it, how it happened, what it feels like, why they did it: Looking to him, right away, for advice and psychic. They are no two of them alike: And their records laid before him range through every intermediate shade. .. . He begins to see that he has more to learn than the use of the stethoscope: He must learn lives. —Confessio Medici


Novel tetranuclear copper complexes,Cu4(OH)2(ClO4)3 (HA).H2O(1)and Cu4(ClO4)5(H3B).3H2O(2),were synthesized by reacting 1,5-bis(1'-phenyl-3'-methyl-5'-pyrazolone-4')-1,5--pentanedione with 1,3-propanediamine and 2-hydroxyl-1,3-propanediamine in the presence of a template reagent copper ion ,New[2+2] type open cyclic multidentate ligands are also obtained from the reaction(H4A) and H6B stand for new compounds from 1,3-propanediamine and 2-hydroxyl-1,3-propanediamine,respectively),They each contain five C=O ,three C=N and one NH2 group[s,The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses,conductivity,FR-i.r.electronic spectra and extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS),Copper ions in (1) are basically four coordinate with tetragonal geometry.The average coordination bond distances of Cu-N and Cu-O are 1.91 A and 2.05A .In(2).copper ions are primarily five coordinate with square-based pyramidal geometry.The average coordination bond distances of Cu-N and Cu-O are 1.93 A and 2.08 A.Four copper atoms in molecules may be arranged tetragonally.Both the ligand field and the coordination bonds in complex(1) are stronger than those in(2).Investigations on variable temperature susceptibilities show that some antiferromagnetic exchange interaction exist in the complexes,The plots of x-1 versus T obey the Curie-Weiss law only at low temperature.Preliminary results of a bioassay indicate that the two complexes have some antitumour activity in vitro.


The purposeof this researchistoimprovestudents'motivation tolearn sciencethroughmodelingmethod. This research wasconductedin twoPTKcycles. Datasourcesarethe fourth grade studentsof SD Negeri08PadangPariamanDistrictSixLingkungtotaling18people. Data collection techniquesderivedfrom thesheetin managingaspects of teacherlearning, student motivation, studentmotivation questionnaire, and student learning outcomes. Dataprocessedqualitativelyandquantitatively. Based on theanalysissheetin managingaspects of teacherlearning, earnedan average ofthe first cyclein the classical71% have increased84.7% forthe second cycle. Students' motivationtopay attention tothe teacher's explanationin the first cycleobtainedclassicalaverage61% increaseto thesecond cyclewithan average of89.1%, the motivationinaskingin the first cyclewithan average of47.1% increaseto theclassicalsecond cyclewithan average of83.2% classical, motivationto answerthe questionin the first cycleobtained an average44.4% increaseto theclassicalsecond cyclewithan average of75% classical, motivationalexerciseson timein the first cyclewiththe averageclassical47.2% increaseto thesecond cyclewithan average of91.9% classical. Motivation questionnairecycle Igainedan average of66.3% increaseto theclassicalsecond cycle of85.6%. From theresults obtainedit can be concludedthatthere is an increasedmotivation tolearn sciencefourth grade studentsof SD Negeri08PadangPariamanDistrictSixLingkungafterusingmodelingmethods. Key Words : Purpose, modelingmethod, IPA


Since the development of the willingness to communicate (WTC) construct by MacIntyre et al. in 1998, a variety of psychological factors which enhance or diminish an individual's desire to speak in a second language have been investigated as to whether they are fixed or fluctuate according to contexts such as time, place, or social environment. More recently the principles of dynamic systems theory, which provide "an ecological theory" to describe "a moving tapestry of interacting systems" (LarsenFreeman, 2016, p. xi), have been seen as an appropriate way to analyse the WTC phenomenon (e.g., King, 2013; MacIntyre & Legatto, 2011).


Before being marketed in the United States, novel drugs must undergo evaluation for abuse liability. Drugs with higher abuse liability are assigned a schedule associated with stricter regulatory controls. Behavioral economic demand techniques hold great potential for use as an abuse liability assessment in the scheduling of novel drugs. Advantages of demand analyses include (1) quantitative abuse liability results that allow for relative comparisons and ranking among drugs by abuse liability, (2) the ability to collect analogous measures of abuse liability in both preclinical and human clinical models, and (3) minimal extra work to add demand analyses to those analyses that are already recommended in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance. Challenges primarily arise with the standardization of experimental protocols for such assessments, but these challenges may be resolvable with directed work to compare different methodological techniques. If successful, incorporation of these methods could help avoid scheduling errors that are costly to society.


This is a magnificent, although finally a little frustrating, doctoral thesis from the Pontifical University of Salamanca. Miquel uses a sociology of knowledge approach to analyse the place of the morally marginal in ancient Greek and Jewish society. She concludes that certain stereotypes become shorthand negative definitions of community morality. She cites 'prostitute' for patriarchal societies in general, 'slave' for classical Greek society, and 'gentile' for Jewish society. Miquel argues that the reevaluation of such marginal characters by Cynic, Epicurean and Stoic philosophers represents counterculturalism. Finally, she mounts a careful defence of the historicity of positive interaction between Jesus and morally marginal people. As with much current Spanish scholarship, this thesis combines perceptive use of social-scientific method with extensive consideration of ancient sources and rigorous attention to issues of historical criticism. The sociological model used sheds great light on Greek and Jewish community ethics, and shows great promise of doing so for Jesus. However, the chapter on Jesus is almost entirely devoted to discussions about historicity. There is no substantive discussion of the implications for Jesus' ethics. My hope is that, freed from the caution-inducing constraints of doctoral study, Miquel will now build on this with a major discussion both of Jesus' ethics and of how her work interacts with debates about how Jesus might relate to Cynicism and other philosophies. The strength of the work makes that a very inviting prospect. Peter Oakes


AbstractThe influence of the addition of copper on the precipitation behaviour of an Al–Zn–Mg alloy at 160°C has been investigated. Phase transformation has been investigated by differential scanni...


Layland, Joanne, and Jonathan C. Kentish. Positive forceand [Ca]i-frequency relationships in rat ventricular trabeculae at physiological frequencies. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 45): H9–H18, 1999.—The isometric force-frequency relationship of isolated rat ventricular trabeculae (diameter ,250 μm) was examined at 24, 30, and 37°C at stimulation frequencies (0.1–12 Hz) encompassing the physiological range. Some muscles were microinjected with fura PE3 to monitor the diastolic and systolic intracellular concentration of Ca21 ([Ca]i). At a near-physiological external Ca21 concentration ([Ca]o) of 1 mM, a positive force-frequency relationship was demonstrated at all temperatures. The force-frequency relationship became negative at high frequencies (e.g., .6 Hz at 30°C) at 1 mM [Ca]o or at low frequencies at 8 mM [Ca]o. The twitch and Ca21 transient became shorter as stimulation frequency increased; these changes were related to changes in systolic, rather than diastolic, [Ca]i and were not blocked by inhibitors of Ca21/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The positive forcefrequency relationship of rat trabeculae was caused by a frequency-dependent loading of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with Ca21. We suggest that at high frequencies, or under conditions of Ca21 overload, this loading saturates. Processes that tend to decrease SR Ca21 release will then predominate, resulting in a negative force-frequency relationship.


Information Package Specification version 1.1 describes an XML document format called an information package that can be used to store information in information management systems and other information archives. An information package consists of package information, the context required to understand and use that information, package metadata that describes the information, and XML signatures that protect the information. The information package described in this specification was designed to store Department of Energy (DOE) and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) information and includes the metadata required for that information: a unique package identifier, information marking that conforms to DOE and NNSA requirements, and access control metadata. It is an implementation of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model archival information package tailored to meet NNSA information storage requirements and designed to be used in the computing environments at the Y-12 National Security Complex and at other NNSA sites.


Water heating is a significant part of households' energy consumption, and tankless gas water heaters (TGWHs) are commonly used. One of the limitations of these devices is the difficulty of keeping hot water temperature setpoints when changes in water flow occur. As these changes are usually unexpected, the controllers typically used in these devices cannot anticipate them, strongly affecting the users' comfort. Moreover, considerable water and energy waste are associated with the long-time response to cold starts. This work proposes the development of a model predictive control (MPC) to be deployed in low-cost hardware, such that the users' thermal comfort and water savings can be improved. Matlab/Simulink were used to develop, validate and automatically generate C code for implementing the controller in microcontroller-based systems. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the MPC algorithm in 8-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers. A 6.8% higher comfort index was obtained using the implementation on the 32-bit microcontroller compared to the current deployments; concerning the 8-bit microcontroller, a 4.2% higher comfort index was achieved. These applications in low-cost hardware highlight that users' thermal comfort can be successfully enhanced while ensuring operation safety. Additionally, the environmental impact can be significantly reduced by decreasing water and energy consumption in cold starts of TGWHs.


When we began the journey to edit this special issue on methodological imperatives and perplexities for literacy research in uncertain times, it was the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time, we recognised that methodological approaches we held dear required rethinking, but we could not see far enough ahead to appreciate how profoundly methods and reflexivities would transform, shift, and even face a reckoning of sorts. Two years into the pandemic, it is clear now that comfortable research practices like 'collecting data' and 'entering the field' are not only unhelpful constructs but are also riddled with ethical perplexities. Haraway's notion of 'staying with the trouble' (Haraway, 2016) may be helpful here in that, as literacy researchers, we need to stay with the trouble of the moment to recognise where it moves us and how we must change and shape our methodological orientations and practices around the contours of trouble, uncertainty, and reckonings. Sensitising ourselves to the reality that the world is not, cannot, should not be the same after George Floyd was murdered; after wildfires enveloped communities across the world; after the multitude of deaths due to Covid-19; and after governments have been toppled and threatened by insurgents. Given these changed and changing global circumstances, we need to interrogate and reimagine how we do literacy research, who we are as literacy researchers, and the role of literacy research in troubling how literacy is defined and understood, as well as its interface with precarity. These challenges – methodological and epistemological, but also ethical, emotional and deeply personal – lie at the heart of this special issue. The vivid instances of ethical moments set out within the articles we bring together in this special issue collectively signal ways that we as researchers must raise our heads above university and institutional parapets, to intensify our gaze onto ethical imperatives and think long and hard about contemporary research methods and methodologies. From the opening article, which explores the boundaries and processes of justice-oriented literacy research as a conduit to healing, the special issue moves through some of the healing work that needs to take place. The articles challenge us as researchers to interrogate the ways in which literacy practices – and, indeed, INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022, VOL. 31, NOS. 1–2, 1–4 https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2021.2008806


The Multiaxis Vibration Evaluating System (MaVES) can automatically measure the three-directional vibration characteristics of objects in a non-contact mode, and analyze modal characteristics and operating deflection shapes. This system consists of three laser Doppler sensors, a six-axis robot, and control software. The MaVES was originally developed in 2010 and was later enhanced in the area of sampling frequency, accuracy of measurement point geometry, and analysis function. In 2013, the MaVES was moved to a new area and secured with safety light barriers during measurements. Additionally, the MaVES-c was developed as a portable version of the MaVES. This paper describes the entire system specifications, functions, measurement procedures, and examples of the MaVES and MaVES-c.


Fetal intestinal volvulus without malrotation is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition leading to massive bowel necrosis and peritonitis. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are therefore required for rescue. We report a case of fetal intestinal volvulus without malrotation detected using prenatal ultrasound. The mother was 29 years old, and fetal abnormality had not been noted during the prenatal checkup. At 35 weeks and 2 days of pregnancy, the mother noticed decreased fetal movement. A fetal ultrasound examination showed intestinal dilatation. The mother was transported to the perinatal medical center of our hospital. A fetal ultrasound examination at our hospital showed the absence of fetal movements and a markedly dilated gastric bubble and intestine due to intestinal volvulus, which looked like a coffee-bean sign (Fig. 1a) and whirlpool sign (Fig. 1b). Cardiotocography showed loss of variability and no acceleration of the fetal heart rate. Based on these findings, the fetus was diagnosed with a non-reassuring fetal status due to fetal intestinal volvulus, and we performed an emergency cesarean section at 35 weeks and 3 days of pregnancy. The female infant was born at 2,346 g, and the Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were 6 and 7, respectively. After being admitted to the neonatal intensive-care unit, her condition had stabilized. Her abdomen was distended, and an abdominal radiograph showed only gastric bubbles and no lower gastrointestinal gas. An upper gastrointestinal contrast study showed a normal position of the ligament of Treitz. A colonogram showed a microcolon-like appearance, but there was no colonic atresia, and the appendix was located in the right lower abdomen. These findings suggested the possibility of intestinal atresia or obstruction in the small bowel without malrotation. After this study, she was intubated due to progressive respiratory acidosis. Finally, we decided to perform urgent exploratory laparotomy. There was a dilated ileum with color change and yellowish, slightly cloudy ascites in the abdominal cavity. The ileum was twisted 1,440° counterclockwise (Fig. 1c). The positions of the cecum and ligament of Treitz were normal. Based on these findings, the infant was diagnosed with ileal volvulus without malrotation. We resected 50 cm of the necrotic ileum (120 cm anally from the ligament of Treitz to 7 cm orally from the ileocecal valve) with end-to-end anastomosis achieved. The postoperative course was uneventful. The infant started oral feeding on postoperative day 6. She is now 3 months of age, and her growth and development is normal without any symptoms. Most intestinal volvulus occurring in fetuses and newborns is associated with malrotation and congenital malformations. Fetal intestinal volvulus without malrotation is extremely rare. Although the etiology of this condition remains unclear, some surgeons presume anatomical abnormalities, such as short mesenteric roots or a small base of the segmental mesenteric defect leading to intestinal volvulus. Meconium-related ileus owing to cystic fibrosis, immaturity of ganglia, delayed maturation of Cajal and hypoganglionosis may also be involved in the etiology. Compared to volvulus with malrotation, the ischemic changes of the twisted intestine without malrotation are thought to progress rapidly because the colon, which otherwise functions as a cushion, is not involved, resulting in intestinal necrosis and peritonitis. Early diagnosis and correction of the torsion are therefore essential for saving the child's life; however, an early antenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal volvulus is difficult because the symptoms and signs are non-specific. Symptoms and signs of fetal intestinal volvulus may include decreased fetal movements, non-reassuring fetal heart rate with cardiotocography, and a fetal ultrasound examination showing intestinal dilatation, discrete cystic or solid abdominal mass, polyhydramnios, ascites, whirlpool sign, and coffee-bean sign in some cases. This case was noted due to decreased fetal movements Correspondence: Satoshi Ieiri, MD PhD FACS, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan. Email: email@example.com Received 18 August 2020; accepted 18 September 2020. doi: 10.1111/ped.14550


Integrated business structure presented as complementary pool of its participants skills. The methodical approach to integrated business structure life cycle modeling proposed. Recommendations of enterprises life cycles stages correlate are submitted.


Contrary to conventional wisdom, the concept of power has not always been central to international relations theory. During the 1920s and 30s, power was often ignored or vilified by international relations scholars?especially in America. Power and International Relations explores how this changed in later decades by tracing how power emerged as an important social science concept in American scholarship after World War I. Combining intellectual history and conceptual analysis, David Baldwin examines power's increased presence in the study of international relations and looks at how the three dominant approaches of realism, neoliberalism, and constructivism treat power.


An extensive analysis of the degradation characteristics of AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes emitting around 265 nm is presented. The optical power of LEDs stressed at a constant dc current of 100 mA (current density = 67 A/cm2 and heatsink temperature = 20 °C) decreased to about 58% of its initial value after 250 h of operation. The origin of this degradation effect has been studied using capacitance-voltage and photocurrent spectroscopy measurements conducted before and after aging. The overall device capacitance decreased, which indicates a reduction of the net charges within the space-charge region of the pn-junction during operation. In parallel, the photocurrent at excitation energies between 3.8 eV and 4.5 eV and the photocurrent induced by band-to-band absorption in the quantum barriers at 5.25 eV increased during operation. The latter effect can be explained by a reduction of the donor concentration in the active region of the device. This effect could be attributed to the compensation of donors by the activation or diffusion of acceptors, such as magnesium dopants or group-III vacancies, in the pn-junction space-charge region. The results are consistent with the observed reduction in optical power since deep level acceptors can also act as non-radiative recombination centers.


Rodent ameloblasts engaged in matrix production are tall columnar cells, with basal mitochondria. Alkaline phosphatase activity is limited to the basal part of the cell. With the onset of enamel maturation, ameloblasts shorten and both mitochondria and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity appear in the distal cytoplasm. The sequence of appearance of these morphological and enzymnatic changes is still unclear; the objective of this study was to clarify this relationship. Mouse mandibles of animals aged between 3 and 20 days were dissected out, demineralized in neutrail 10%/> EDTA for up to 72 hours, frozen in liqLuid-nitrogen chilled isopentane and sectioned at 8 rm in a cryostat. Sections were incubated in a mediuim to show succinate dehvdrogenase activity (mitochondrial enzyme) after the method of NACs-r.LAS et al. (J Histochem Cytochem 5 420, 1957) for 40 minuites, rinsed, postfixed in neu1tral buffered formalin at 4 C for 30 minutes. and in ubated in a mediuim containing naphthol AS/MX phosphate coupling with Fast Red Violet LB to show alkaline phosphatase acti vity. Immediately after ameloblast shortening ap activity appeared in the distal cytoplasm (Fig 1). Initially mitochondria remained re-


The propagation speeds of laminar premixed flames of LPG,methane and hydrogen PEMFC anticathode exhaust gas with air under different concentration were measured using Bunsen flame and straight tube.In addition,the stabilization limits of the three premixed flames have also been measured.All experimental results provide the multi-fuel burner design with technical parameters.


IN A PATERNE fOR A KINGS INAVGVRATION, James I of England advises his son Charles that the king must be "a great watchman and shepheard ... and his eye must neuer slumber nor sleepe for the care of his flocke, euer remembring that his office, beeing duely executed, will prooue as much onus as honos unto him." (1) James's twofold vision of an overburdened yet ever-wary king belies the simple fact of the body natural's compulsion to sleep, which inevitably suspends the sovereign eye of care. But the king's fatherly advice also suggests the onus of rule could rob the sovereign of his ability to sleep, as he is anxiously consumed by the pressing concerns of state and the demands of the subjects that compose the body politic. James's notion of the trials of sovereign vigilance thus raises the central question motivating this essay's reading of Hamlet and Macbeth: what does happen to the body politic when the sovereign body natural sleeps? As is well-known to students of early modern European history, political theory, and literary studies alike, the king was held to possess a natural body common to all humans, as well as a mystical "superbody" that perpetuates the life of the state and lends an aura of divine perfection to the sovereign. Just as its physiological counterpart must be cared for, James suggests that the care of the king's numinous body coextends with the care of his political subjects--and that both require steady attention. In the pages that follow, I push the implications of James's metaphor much further, arguing that both Hamlet and Macbeth imagine substantial connections between the bodies of the sovereign and his subjects, routed through the potentially ill or evil effects of sleep on the King's Two Bodies. These tragedies hinge on the violent deaths of sleeping kings and a politically chaotic aftermath, both of which resist the highly wrought fictions of constant vigilance, immortality, and stately perfection that help to legitimate the doctrine of the King's Two Bodies. Put simply, sleep and insomnia constitute "altered cases"; a concept developed by Tudor jurisprudence to denote the sudden incorporation of the body politic by the newly sovereign body natural, but which I argue elucidates Shakespeare's visions of the King's Two Bodies crippled by sleep and insomnia. Sleep creates an image of human imperfection in the sovereign body natural: bodily life in sleep resembles death, and so the king's mortality resurfaces, even though his body natural's flaws are supposedly taken up and wiped away by the presence of the body politic. For Shakespeare, sovereign sleep becomes a threatening moment of kingly regression, an "altered case" whose curious trajectory is one of decline rather than ascension. And with the character of Macbeth, the playwright pursues this logic to its opposite extreme, by tracing the miseries of insomnia that deny Macbeth the life-sustaining properties of sleep, and serve as corrosive agents of his demise. The tragic dissolution of sovereignty in both Hamlet and Macbeth suggests that sovereign sleep and insomnia not only impinge upon the monarch's ability to maintain watchful rule, but also radically alter the metaphysical bonds between bodies natural and politic. In the wake of Giorgio Agamben's work on sovereignty and biopolitics, many scholars of early modern English literature and history have returned to the topic of the King's Two Bodies. (2) The concept of bare life and its manifestations alongside sovereign power seem to have opened a new path for the analysis of early modern sovereignty and states of exception, while abandoning the critical assumption that the visual spectacle of power is its most significant or coherent locus. Agamben's take on Carl Schmitt's theory of the sovereign exception, which Schmitt develops in large part by championing the work of Thomas Hobbes as a watershed moment for European sovereignty, has provided rich fodder for Shakespeareans looking to situate Renaissance drama within its political and ideological contexts. …


Oncogene c-jun is a member of jun family,the immediately early genes(IEGs),and belongs to one of the nuclear transcription factors of basic leucine zipper(bZIP) family.Combined with many gene promotors,c-jun is involved in the regulation of gene transcription.Its products play important roles in regulating gene expression,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.The structure,biological function,regulation of c-jun and its roles contributing to tissue damage are reviewed in this article,which may provide understanding for severity of tissue injury and wound age estimation in the field of forensic pathology.


This contribution, aimed mostly at experimental particle physicists, reviews some of the main ideas and results of String Theory in a non-technical language. It originates from the talks presented by the authors at the Electro-Weak session of the 2002 Moriond Meeting, here merged in an attempt to provide a more complete and concise view of the subject.


Following the update of 25 February 2008, the Graph Editor can now record a series of edits, name the recording, and apply the edits from the recording to other graphs. You can apply the recorded edits from the Graph Editor or from the command line. The edits can be applied from the command line when a graph is created, when it is used from disk, or whenever it is the active graph. See Graph Recorder in help graph editor for creating and playing recordings in the Graph Editor. For applying edits from the command line, see help graph play and the option play(recordingname) in help std options and help graph use.


The circadian variation in the availability of fish fry in the feeder Ghana canal of the Keoladeo National Park was assessed in SeptembernOctober 2005. A total of 16 species of fish were recorded entering the park with the input water. Of these, Clarias gariepinus and Danio dangila were new records. Six of the 16 species were diurnal, 6 nocturnal, and the others were abundant during both day and night. The drift density and drift rate varied significantly among the catches and were positively correlated. Fish drifting was high during the day hours. Except C. gariepinus, Catla catla, Mastacembelus armatus and Chela cachius, all other species were significantly (χ 2 , P†<†0.05) distinct and independent in their abundance in the incoming water. Temporal movement of fry in the feeder Ghana canal entering the park was positively skewed, indicating most of the species to be active during or after 1: 30†AM until the next midday. Of the 16 recorded fish species, 7 were found to have a leptokurtic distribution and the others a platykurtic distribution. The fish arriving through the canal formed 3 clusters. C. cachius, C. catla, C. gariepinus, Chanda nama, Chela bacaila, Cirrhinus reba, Cirrhinus†mrigala, D. dangila, M. armatus, Mystus vittatus, Salmostoma bacaila, Securicula gora, and Wallago attu, formed one cluster. Chanda ranga and Puntius sarana formed another cluster, while Puntius sophore appeared distinct from all the other species.


ABSTRACT A controlled experiment was carried out with 70 primary children divided into experimental and controlled groups. The one group had logic based games and the others also had a new activity. It appeared that there had been an improvement in logical thinking on the part of the experimental group. It is concluded that children might benefit from structured teaching for logical thought.


HE history of trigeminal neuralgia gives eloquent testimony of the deadly, mutilating and disabling extremities to which patients and their surgeons have gone in the attempt to relieve this frightful pain. Much progress has been made, but the continuous development of new procedures shows that perfection has not been attained. With temporal rhizotomy pain could be relieved with a minimal rate of fatality, but at the cost of facial anesthesia, paralysis of the masseter and the risk of corneal ulceration. Sensory rhizotomy and later partial rhizotomy by the suboccipital route diminished these hazards, but at the risk of surgical safety. Later by the temporal approach preservation of the motor root was perfected, leaving facial anesthesia the major hazard. This risk was reduced greatly by partial sensory rhizotomy, but preserving sensory fibers increased the rate of recurrence and the need for secondary operations. In Busch's Clinic, Taarnh0j ~ discovered a new technique by which pain was relieved without anesthesia; this was accepted gratefully everywhere. Unfortunately, this operation also proved to offer less than ideal results, recurrences of pain gradually mounting with the passage of time. Almost simultaneously in 1954 and 1955 came reports from Stender 4 of Berlin and Shelden 2 of Pasadena, California of a new operation so simple in performance and so baffling in mechanism that it has not enjoyed the vogue it seems to merit. Its proponents have advanced hypotheses for its mechanism of effect that are unconvincing to the average surgeon. Having long enjoyed the acquaintance of both these people and being convinced of their integrity, I have adopted their procedure on an empirical basis, leaving explanation of its mechanism to better theorists than am I. Although the presentation may be premature, it was thought that a progress report on the modest series of eases of trigenfinal neuralgia from the Buffalo (New York) General Hospital might be interesting. I am indebted to my colleagues, Doctors Carl Graf and George Cohn, for permission to include their eases in the report, although the bulk of the series is my own responsibility. The temporal rhizotomy referred to here eonsists of the extradural, temporal approach to the ganglion and sensory root performed on the seated patient. The greater superficial petrosal nerve and the trigeminal motor


The internal corporate financial control service (IFC) is an integral functional element of the management system of both the company as a whole and its individual business processes, along with accounting and economic and financial analysis. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the activities of the specialists of this unit. In the current economic and political situation of the withdrawal of domestic companies from the orbit of the world market and the departure of foreign firms from Russia, the activities of the company's controllers and analysts are of a real paramount importance, therefore the very methodology of organizing control should be weighed against its adequacy to the current situation in our country and abroad.This article reveals the role of internal corporate financial control in the search for measures to stabilize the financial and economic activities of companies.   The authors consider the main goal and objective of their work to be the study of the adequacy of the existing control system to modern challenges.   To do this, they revealed the causes and consequences of the new goal-orientation and targeting of the IFC service, characterized its reference points, and showed the results of the intensification of intra-corporate financial control measures activation observed in the modern practice. The methodological section of the study describes the process of generating signal indicators developed on the basis of our own internal analysis-control algorithms that take into consideration the industry specifics of financial and economic activity. The indicators determined by the authors make it possible to activate the measures of internal corporate financial control and obtain practical results in the form of developing an anti-crisis plan for optimizing costs and expenses, leveling the identified risks.


Understanding the influences of local hydroclimatology and two large‐scale oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations (i.e., Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) on seasonal precipitation (P) and temperature (T) relationships for a tropical region (i.e., Florida) is the focus of this study. The warm and cool phases of AMO and ENSO are initially identified using sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The associations of SSTs and regional minimum, maximum and average surface air temperatures (SATs) with precipitation are then evaluated. The seasonal variations in P‐SATs and P‐SSTs associations considering AMO and ENSO phases for sites in (1) two soil temperature regimes (i.e., thermic and hyperthermic); (2) urban and non‐urban regions; and (3) regions with and without water bodies, are analysed using two monthly datasets. The analyses are carried out using trend tests, two association measures, nonparametric and parametric statistical hypothesis tests and kernel density estimates. Decreasing (increasing) trend in precipitation (SATs) is noted in the recent multi‐decadal period (1985–2019) compared to the previous one (1950–1984) indicating a progression towards warmer and drier climatic conditions across Florida. Spatially and temporally non‐uniform variations in the associations of precipitation with SATs and SSTs are noted. Strong positive (weak negative) P–T associations are noted during the wet (dry) season for both AMO phases and El Niño, while significant (positive) P–T associations are observed across southern Florida during La Niña in the dry season. The seasonal influences are predominant in governing the P–T relationship over the regions with and without water bodies; however, considerable variations between El Niño and La Niña are noted during the dry season. The climate variability influences on P–T correlations for hyperthermic and thermic soil zones are found to be insignificant (significant) during the wet (dry) season. Nonparametric clustering is performed to identify the spatial clusters exhibiting homogeneous P–T relationships considering seasonal and climate variability influences.


Two varieties of Aucuba japonica differ in ways that can be considered adaptive to differing geo-climatic conditions in their respective distribution ranges. Irrespective of growth stage, the mean leaf size of A. japonica var. japonica was significantly larger than A. japonica var. borealis. Smaller leaf size and ultimately smaller stature of A. japonica var. borealis are an advantage under the higher snow load and lower temperatures in the forests along the East Sea where the variety grows. Snow load also acted as an important driving force for structural modifications of A. japonica var. borealis from cellular level in leaves to the organization of branch extension growth. Global warming by changing snowfall patterns in Japan may lead to range shifts in the two varieties of A. japonica.


Ductility has a significant role for energy dissipation of structures and it shows nonlinear behavior capability of a structural system. According to the ACI 318-02, stringent detailing requirements are necessary when a higher ductility level is considered. Selecting a higher ductility level increases transverse reinforcements and then it will increase the weight of these bars. However, on the other hand, for ductile frames we can consider small seismic loads, which consequently decrease the longitu- dinal reinforcements. In this article, economic evaluation of Ordinary Moment Resisting Concrete Frames (OMRCF), Interme- diate Moment Resisting Concrete Frames (IMRCF) and Special Moment Resisting Concrete Frames (SMRCF) was investigated. For this purpose, five and ten-storey residential buildings were designed. The Iranian National Building Code, Part 6 and the Standard No. 2800-05, Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (ICPSRDB), requirements were applied for loading and analyzing of the models and they were designed according to the minimum design and reinforcement detailing requirements specified in ACI 318-11. Total volume of the concrete and total weight of the reinforcements for all models were obtained and compared. Since ductility level does not affect on the design of the roofs, so columns, beams and foundations were considered in this evaluation. Although, providing high ductility in the structures needs more detail and ac- curacy of construction, the total cost of the structural elements for SMRCF is smaller than IMRCF and it is more economical. However, the difference of the total cost between the SMRCF and IMRCF decreases when the number of stories increases. Therefore, for low and mid-rise buildings, it is recommended to select the highest ductility level from economic point of view and for high-rise buildings, it is better to select high ductility level from structural behavior point of view.


The cuticular ridge patterns (synlophes ) of 7 species of Ostertagia and Teladorsagia were studied. Different synlophes were found for Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia leptospicularis, and Teladorsagia circumcincta. The other 4 species had synlophes identical to 1 of the 3 different patterns. The synlophe of Ostertagia lyrata was identical to that of O. ostertagi, that of Ostertagia kolchida was identical to that of O. leptospicularis, and both Teladorsagia trifurcata and Teladorsagia davtiani had synlophes identical to T. circumcincta. Previous studies with other trichostrongyloi d nematode s indicated the synlophe to be useful for separating species . Thus, the absenc e of differences in the synlophes within these 3 groups of species provides new evidence to suppor t the proposal for polymorphism in the Ostertagiinae . Ostertagia leptospicularis and O. kolchida could be separate d from the other species by an elongated esophagea l valve.


Photovoltaics (PV) are regarded as a clean source energy technology and their use has expanded dramatically in recent years for both commercial and residential sectors. Learning curve studies show that PV modules have experienced very rapid reductions in commercial prices. The current approach to experience curves is based on the equation: Unit Cost = CPα, (1) where Unit Cost is the price per unit of energy produced (e.g. $/MJ or $/kWh), C is an empirical constant, P is a measure of adoption of the technology (e.g. total watt capacity produced of solar cells) and α is an empirical constant which reflects the rate of technological progress. Asymptotic cost is the expected long-term price of energy delivered after the technology has been developed and implemented on a mass scale. Note that the asymptotic cost in the long-term of all technologies is zero in this model. No technology yet seen delivers free energy, thus while (1) can describe near-term rates of change it is clearly not sufficient to address the crucial question of long-term potential. This paper proposes to develop a new method to estimate lower bounds on asymptotic cost of PV system, which may lead to a more appropriate expression of unit cost and adoption [1]: Unit Cost = CPα + lower bound cost. (2)


Luis was born July 13, 1952, in Montevideo, Uruguay. He began his medical training in 1971 at the School of Medicine, the University of Uruguay (S.M.U.U), receiving his MD in 1979. From 1975 to 1985, Luis was a Research Fellow and Teaching Associate in the Department of Physiology at S.M.U.U., working with Professor Omar Macadar. During this period, he also spent 6 months as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Experimental Neurology Section of the Ramon y Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain, under the supervision of Professor Garcia Austt. While in Spain Luis read some papers on theta development from Bland's lab, whom he then contacted on his return to Uruguay. In 1985, Luis was awarded a 4 year Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research Post-Doctoral Fellowship, at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, under Bland's supervision and then stayed an additional 2 years as a Research Associate. During this period, Luis also spent some time at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, working with Bob Vertes in collaboration between the Bland and Vertes labs. Based on his post-doctoral research, Luis received his Ph.D. from the University of Uruguay in 1994. In 1991, Luis took a position as a Research Associate in the Division of Neuroscience at the Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, working with Dr. Peter Saggau. In 1993, he was appointed Assistant Professor at Baylor. Jose Martin then recruited Luis in 2001 to the new University of Texas, Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas, where he remained for the duration of his career.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of epilepsy caused by cerebral cysticercosis and explore its therapy. Methods An analytical review was made in 641 cases of epilepsy caused by cerebral cysticercosis to evaluate their clinical characteristics, immunity level, EEG data and our therapeutic methods .Results Among the 641 cases investigated, 78.47% were male and 21.53% were female. The average incidence rate was 2~4 times each year, with the most common type of seisure as general tonoclonic(GTC) .The positive rates of blood IHA and ELISA tests were both 71.92%, while positive rate of CAg in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was 78.40%. No typical changes were found in the EEG examinations. Different types of cerebral cysticercosis were found among all the 641 cases. It was found that therapy with cytidine diphosphate choline could more easily induce ep ilepsy than therapy with compound red sage root( P 0.01). Conclusion Epilepsy caused by cerebral cysticercosis happens more in men than in women with low incidence rate and various types of seisure. Immunity level is usually found to be low. All kinds of cerebral cysticercosis can lead to epilepsy. Metabolism-enhancing medicine should be cautiously used in the auxiliary treatment of cerebral cysticercosis.


Examination of staphylinid specimens (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) deposited in the Chungnam National University Insect Collection (Daejeon, Republic of Korea) yielded 6 species previously unreported from northeastern Russia. All 6 were collected from coastal environs and included Adota magnipennis (Bernhauer), Atheta ririkoae Sawada, A. tokiokai (Sawada), Cafius histrio (Sharp), Halorhadinus inaequalis Sawada, and Medon prolixus (Sharp). A taxonomic key to the 16 genera found in that area of Russia is offered along with a preliminary checklist of 21 species in these 16 genera.


To slove the second order elliptic boundary value problem with corner singularity,the finite volume method will be used,which is based on (h,γ,L) type of triangulation.After some detailed analysis,the optimal order convergence in H1-norm is obtained under this type of triangulation.


In system dynamics, we care about mental models, because it is what we attempt to describe, understand, and improve using qualitative maps and computer simulation models. But if we are developing maps and models from a group of individuals, can we still call what we are trying to study a mental model? The main difference between individual and group-level phenomena is that in a group setting interaction and communication among individuals shape what is represented in maps and models. This paper attempts to clarify the object of our group-level modeling by surveying existing literature searching for concepts similar to "mental model" at the group level. The survey leads to an insight that what we attempt to represent with our maps and models varies widely by our selection of modeling methods, and how we define our object will draw attention to a different set of theoretical literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Software security has become a crucial component of any software system in today's market. However, the development of secure software is still a maturing process. Software architecture (SA) assessment methods have gained increasing attention in recent years. Most of these evaluation techniques are scenario-based, and thus depend heavily on the quality of the scenarios selected for their evaluation. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for the generation of coherent security scenarios for software architecture that can be used during a scenario-based security assessment. Our approach eectively incorporates security requirements, patterns and threats into a concrete security scenario. The work in this paper is part of on-going research to dene a scenario-based security assessment methodology for SA.


The WEAR Scale was used to collect data on the social acceptability of three wearable devices from 1,387 participants from the US Midwest and Silicon Valley. The most notable result was that a head-worn "medical device" was rated as more socially acceptable (d=0.78) than the same device described as a "brain fitness tool," which was the opposite of what was hypothesized. Also, as hypothesized, Silicon Valley participants found the wearables more socially acceptable than Midwestern U.S. participants. The Scale and these results enable industry to better predict the human factors affecting social acceptability of wearables throughout development and before market release.


During excavation of an extraordinary spillway,the blasting vibration was observed and measured so as to understand the attenuation laws of seismic waves and the dynamic response of original floodgate to blasting vibration.Through regressive analysis on measured vibration data,the expressions that can describe the attenuation laws of seismic waves in the site were obtained,and the safety criterion for near constructions was determined.Considering the dynamic magnification of floodgate pier for blasting vibration,it was proposed that the safety criterion of 5 m/s was used for control of the vibration of floodgate-pier foundation.So far, the project has been completed for many years and no problem occurs.


Classical writers of Marxism always argue that the human life have four aspects in unite: material life,social life,political life and spiritual life,political life and spiritual life are based on material life and social life.Corresponding to these four aspects,the human society is consisted of economic structure,social structure,political structure and cultural structure.Social structure contain race continuation or family system,the individual soul life and civil society.However,this significant concept was neglected in traditional philosophy textbook,which led to serious homelessness in our philosophy system.At the present,only by depending on the social structure theory,could we fulfill the value of social caring in the grand view of the four construction.And that we can build not only a beautiful lives through rebuilding human world,but a well-off society comprehensively in which the prosperity and development of western China ane included.


This paper reports an efficient quantization strategy for the implementation of a real-time MP-3 encoder based on a digital signal processor. Since the well-known two-loop quantization method requires a large and unpredictable amount of computation, it is not suitable for real-time encoders. Therefore, we develop an algorithm to reduce the computational burden of this part using a single three-iteration loop. Experiments show that the quality of our quantization method is close to the best possible quantization with fixed scalefactors in the distortion loop. Based on a 16-bit fixed-point digital signal processor, the proposed encoding scheme requires 35 MIPS of computation for encoding 128 kbps stereo music.


The authors suggest that the level of the CO2 combining power may be helpful in differentiating renal disease of infections, obstructions or polycystic disorder from that of glomerular or vascular origin.


SUMMARY Evaluation of food grains for suitability as substrates for mass production of the fungus revealed that the spore count increased with increase in duration of incubation period after inoculation till harvesting. Rice and sorghums grains served as potential substrates for conidial production of Acremonium zeylanicum which yielded 9.15 x10 8 and 8.33 x 10 8 conidia/g of substrate, respectively, 15 days after inoculation. Maize and bajra were next best alternatives. However, the other materials like ragi, chickpea and wheat did not serve as efficient food source for mass production of the fungus.


Over the past decade, we have learned a number of critical lessons surrounding carbon substrate handling while operating and maintaining hundreds of enhanced in situ biological remedies. The same qualities that make these substrates effective can also cause biofouling of the mixing system, piping infrastructure, and remediation wells. Managing biofouling is a key piece of a successful remedy and requires a unique set of design principles. Small decreases in injection rates can have considerable impacts to life-cycle costs and performance caused by decreased substrate distribution and longer injection time frames, resulting in the need for system cleaning, well rehabilitation, and even well replacement. Biofouling can impair performance in any size system, but effects are often magnified by large injection volumes and extended time frames. Design should be considered in all stages of the anaerobic enhanced in situ bioremediation life cycle, particularly related to reagent mixing, storage, and residence time within the system. By understanding the fundamental mechanisms of biofouling, practitioners can make operational adjustments to enhance remedy performance by considering potential biofouling controls in the design; balancing site-specific strategy and diagnostics; and proactively adjusting and fine tuning control/prevention technology and methodology.

Ultimately, a combination of chemical and physical methods may be required to operate a carbon handling system over the long term; however, the operational costs can be greatly reduced and delivery efficiency increased if these methods are understood during the design phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


With the enlargement of colleges and universities,the numbers of students and campuses has increased;the complexity of the arrangement of classes also increases.This article is based on the actual class-arrangement system of Maoming University.Firstly,it analyzes the restrained condition and the result that we want to get of the class-arrangement,and then integrates the numerous restrained conditions to the two-dimensional space which is composed of time and space.We use imprecise backtracking method to realize the distributed arrangement of classes under the situation of universities' multi-level and multi-campus network.This class-arrangement algorithm has wide adaptability and serviceability.


The fatigue behaviour of metals is strongly influenced by the grain size. It is known that the formation of cracks due to cyclic tensile loading occurs the later the smaller the grain size of the metal is. In this work the influence of the grain size of Nickel on the contact fatigue behaviour in cyclic indentation and cyclic sliding is investigated. A (111)-single crystal, microcrystalline, ultra-fine-crystalline and nanocrystalline Nickle where examined. For the cyclic indentation a failure criterion on the basis of the measured contact stiffness was defined. A decrease of 10% in respect of the maximum value of the contact stiffness was defined as failure. The time to failure was the larger the smaller the grain size was. The loss in contact stiffness was identified to be related to the formation of cracks. Microstructural changes have been examined by focused ion beam microscopy. Due to cyclic indentation grain growth occurred in the nanocrystalline Nickel. This was more pronounced with higher load amplitude and duration. In cyclic sliding, grain growth was observed for the nanocrystalline Nickel, a slight grain coarsening took place in ultra-fine-crystalline Nickel and a distinct grain fining took place in microcrystalline Nickel. The resulting grain structure of the examined samples in the area under the cyclic sliding paths exhibited a grain size of a view 100 nm. Measurement of the hardness of the sliding paths revealed a hardening of the microcrystalline samples, a slight softening of the ultra-fine-crystalline samples and a strong softening of the nanocrystalline samples, which became more pronounced with higher number of cycles. This is in agreement with the change in grain structure. During the microscopic examination, a material deposition around the cyclically loaded areas was observed. This deposition became stronger for longer duration and maximum load. The deposition has been identified as carbon, with the source of the carbon being presumably adsorbed carbon monoxide. A comparison between a finite element simulation and a real cyclic indentation experiment was conducted for nanocrystalline Nickel. With the number of cycles the load-displacement curves differed more and more. This has been related to microstructural changes in the material. In addition experiments and a FEM-simulation where conducted to exclude the possibility of grain growth in the nanocrystalline Nickel due to a rise in temperature because of the cyclic loading. The results of the simulation indicate that there is no relevant rise in temperature. So the change in the grain structure is related to the mechanical loading condition.


Utilizing the opposite phase shift property of a microstrip line (MSL) and a pure left‐handed transmission line (PLH TL), the broadband Wilkinson balun is designed.The PLH TL without a right‐handed (RH) branch is designed using effectively negative elements obtained by a cross connection of vias to ground. The PLH TL gives inherently phase‐advanced response properties because of negative phase velocity, whereas a conventional MSL has a phase‐lag response. The property of a broadband left‐handed branch of a PLH TL applies to the implementation of broadband balun. The proposed balun has a good return loss, a good isolation between output ports, an equal‐power division, and a 180° ± 10° phase difference in a wide fractional bandwidth of ∼71%. Furthermore, the wideband balun that has the fractional bandwidth of 107.8% is theoretically designed with the modified PLH TL having four unit cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1665–1668, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25242


Objective:To observe vascular endothelial function with high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography between peoples with isolated impaired fasting glycemia and isolated impaired glucose tolerance,and study its influence on atherosclerosis. Method:According to the OGTT result,randomly choose 25 cases of normal glucose tolerance as NGT group,24 cases of impaired fasting glycemia as IFG group,and 22 cases of impaired glucose tolerance as IGT group.TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,FPG,FINS,HbA1C,hsCRP and vWF were detected after overnight fast,and 2 h PG and 2 h INS were detected after 2 hours of OGTT.Ultrasound evaluation of their brachial arteries endothelium-dependent dilation(EDD) was conducted. Result:vWF in IGT group was higher than that in IFG group or NGT group [(170.25±21.76)% vs(155.16±17.19)%,(135.46±15.52)%,P0.05~0.01].Brachial artery EDD in IGT group was significantly lower than that in IFG group or NGT group [(4.86±0.94)% vs(5.47±0.90)%,(6.24±0.97)%,P0.05~0.01].vWF in IFG group was higher than that in NGT group [(155.16±17.19)% vs(135.46±15.52)%,P0.05].Brachial artery EDD in IFG group was significantly lower than that in NGT group [(5.47±0.90)% vs(6.24±0.97)%,P0.05].Stepwise regression analysis showed that EDD was negatively related to 2 h PG and LDL-C(r=-0.73,-0.59,P0.05). Conclusion:Vascular endothelial function is damaged more severely in IGT group than in IFG group.It is very important to prevent and cure IGT for delaying atherosclerosis.


The parallel grid-connected inverters are coupled due to grid impedance, which introduces multiple resonances and might lead to instability of the whole system. Hence, considering the coupling effect among inverters and achieving a solution for resonance damping is necessary for designing the control system. With increasing the influence of microgrids, the interconnection of microgrids is inevitable. Therefore, new challenges emerge with the interconnection of microgrids. It can be expected that the impedance of connection lines and grid impedance, play the most important role in the coupling of microgrids. Accordingly, the coupling effect among microgrids should be considered in control system design as well as considering the coupling effect among parallel inverters. Otherwise, the interconnection of microgrids might degrade the quality of grid injected current, while the injected current of each microgrid satisfies the standards when it is individually connected. In this study, the coupling effect between the two interconnected microgrids is investigated. Also, the control system design for inverters considering the coupling effect among parallel inverters inside a microgrid and coupling effect of other microgrid is clarified, elaborately. Several simulations and experimental results on a small-scale laboratory prototype verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Water safety and security has become a great problem in recent years, as the shortage of water resources in most countries is becoming an increasingly serious issue. Therefore, searching for new water sources or treating contaminated water has become a major requirement to covering the shortage of fresh water. The current study evaluated the impact of Trichoderma asperellum on the physicochemical characterization of agricultural run-off (AR) compared with groundwater (GW). Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia, total nitrogen (TN), and total dissolved salts (TDS) of AR were higher than that of GW with 90, 90.2, 91.9, 78, and 61.6%, respectively. The addition of T. asperellum to AR caused the COD, BOD5, ammonia, TN, and TDS to decrease 47.2, 39.2, 16.2, 12.9, and 4.8%, respectively.


zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) dc–dc converter with specific voltage gain is proposed . The specific voltage is utilized for inverter operation for supplying 3-phase domestic load. It consists of a ZVS boost converter stage and a ZVS half-bridge converter stage and two stages are merged into a single stage. The ZVS boost converter stage provides a continuous input current and ZVS operation of the power switches. The ZVS half-bridge converter stage provides a high voltage gain. The principle of operation and system analysis are presented. The specific voltage is used to obtain a 200 volts Line to Line RMS AC supply through inverter operation. The supply is in turn used for a 3-Phase load like operation and speed control of 3-Phase Squirrel cage Induction motor.


Following Nye and Berry's analogy with crystal dislocations, an approach to the Burgers vector of a wave dislocation (phase singularity, optical vortex) is proposed. It is defined to be a regularized phase gradient evaluated at the phase singularity, and is computed explicitly. The screw component of this vector is naturally related to the helicoidal twisting of wavefronts along a vortex line, and is related to the helicity of the phase gradient. The edge component is related to the nearby current flow (defined by the phase gradient) perpendicular to the vortex, and the distribution of this component is found numerically for random two-dimensional monochromatic waves.


Abstract : This memorandum presents an approach to the nonparametric simple problem of the calculus of variations that is in the spirit of dynamic programming. Under the assumptions that the functions that define minimizing curves exhibit a certain regularity in their behavior, differentiability properties of the optimal value function W are determined. Then the fundamental partial differential equation of dynamic programming is obtained, and the necessary conditions of the calculus of variations, with the exception of Jacobi's condition, are deduced as immediate corollaries. (Author)


The directional solidification of the ternary Al alloy with composition of 2.80 at%Ni and 1.53 at%Y was carried out under the temperature gradient of 5 K/mm and the stretching velocities of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 mm/min. The microstructure of Al-Ni-Y ternary alloy was also analyzed by X-ray diffraction and optical microscope. The experimental results show that the microstructures of the Al-Ni-Y ternary alloy consist of α-Al, Al3Ni and Al23Ni6Y4 phase;no primary phase in the alloy is observed at stretching velocity 0.5 mm/min; the microstructure of the alloy becomes finer, the primary α-Al is smaller gradually and the number increases with the increase of stretching velocities; two eutectic structures, Y4Ni6Al23 and α-Al eutectic, Al3Ni and α-Al eutectic, are observed when the strectching rate is higher than 10 mm/min.


Phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan was synthesized from 1,2,3,8,9,9a-hexahydrophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan-3-ol by dehydrogenation with palladium-charcoal. Some chemical reactivities and spectral properties of phenan thro [4,5-bcd]furan were investigated and compared with those of phenantherene and dibenzofuran. The results suggest that phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan has the chemical properties of both phenanthrene and dibenzofuran, and does not have a large strain in the fused-ring system. Also, the reactivities of 1,2,3,8,9,9a-hexahydrophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan-3-one were explored.


Earlierversions of the UML have been an out of depth for documenting software architectures like component, port, connector and system. Users have adopted conventions for representing architectural concepts using different grouping of UML modeling element. They can also create profiles to focus the UML. Changes incorporated in UML 2 have improved UML's suitability for software architectural documentation, but UML is still an out of your depth for documenting some types of architectural information. In this paper, there is description of documenting component and connector using UML but in particular case, documenting architectural connectors and components remains problematic.


This paper describes a method of supporting teachers ' evaluation work of students ' programs. In programming education, programming exercise courses play an important role, because writing programs is indispensable to learning programming. In programming exercise classes, however, the teacher's loads of evaluation tend to be very heavy because the teacher has to read so many programs and reports. We aim to implement a computer system as an evaluating assistant that supports the teachers' evaluation work.


We present a fast, fully automatic morphing algorithm for creating simulatable flesh and muscle models for human and humanoid faces. Current techniques for creating such models require a significant amount of time and effort, making them infeasible or impractical. In fact, the vast majority of research papers use only a floating mask with no inner lips, teeth, tongue, eyelids, eyes, head, ears, etc.---and even those that build the full visual model would typically still lack the cranium, jaw, muscles, and other internal anatomy. Our method requires only the target surface mesh as input and can create a variety of models in only a few hours with no user interaction. We start with a symmetric, high resolution, anatomically accurate template model that includes auxiliary information such as feature points and curves. Then given a target mesh, we automatically orient it to the template, detect feature points, and use these to bootstrap the detection of corresponding feature curves. These curve correspondences are used to deform the surface mesh of the template model to match the target mesh. Then, the calculated displacements of the template surface mesh are used to drive a three-dimensional morph of the full template model including all interior anatomy. The resulting target model can be simulated to generate a large range of expressions that are consistent across characters using the same muscle activations. Full automation of this entire process makes it readily available to a wide range of users.


Camera tracking apparatus according to the present invention, the characteristic point information and the motion information of the camera as a camera tracking apparatus for real-time calculated from the input image, globally camera tracking for calculating a non-real time with respect to the global feature point map containing the full characteristic point information unit and, updating the local camera tracking unit, information of the global camera tracking unit and the local camera take a characteristic point information from the tracking unit feature point map for computing in real time with respect to the local feature point map including a part feature point information of the full feature points and global feature point map update unit, receiving the information from the unit updates the global map feature point is configured to include local feature point selection section for selecting a real-time feature points included in the local feature point map. When using a real-time camera tracking device or method based wide-area movement in accordance with the present invention, from the image input in real-time camera tracking system to estimate the position and orientation of the camera in real time to an increase in the input data when the camera is moved for a large area and to correct the degradation of the memory, processing speed that is caused, to move the space by use of these methods, and to output the result to a stable operation for a long time. Synthesis, camera tracking, motion prediction, real-time, parallel processing


In order to facilitate recovery within the community and provide
service users
with a
continuum of care, a high degree of coordination and collaboration
is needed between primary
care teams and secondary care mental health teams. In 2012 the HSE National Vision for
Change Advancing the Shared Care Approach between Primary Care and Specialist Mental Health Services
made a number of recommendations on delivering effective shared care. Using a survey method, the
current research aimed to examine the extent to which mental health teams in the Republic of
Ireland were achieving these recommendat
ions.


The phased clock signals are useful to synchronize the individual modules within a multiphase digital system and satisfy the complexity of their clock timing requirement. The capability of the on-demand adjustment of the phased clocking pattern can be embedded to the circuit that generates the associated clocks by shifting in time their active clock edges. A delay insertion technique is presented that can implement this adjustment capability. The designed two-phase circuit, targeting an FPGA device, generates the phased clock signals and has control inputs that define the timing and the positioning of delays. These clocks can directly drive the idle system modules to reduce their power consumption during the specified delay periods.


MIMO antenna with compact size of 26 × 40 mm2 is proposed. Two square shaped planar monopoles are proposed with micro strip feed lines. To achieve better isolation defective ground structure (DGS) is introduced. The patch operating at a frequency range of 2.2 to 7.2 GHz which covers WLAN/ Wi-Max/ Wi-Fi applications. The simulated results are verified by measured results. The proposed MIMO antenna have very low mutual coupling and hence provides very good isolations. The antenna achieves peak gain of 5.4 dB with efficiency of 91%.


An electronic device equipped with a touch screen and an information display method using the same are provided to move/display information conveniently and efficiently, and offer a new touch mode for moving/displaying the information by using device characteristics of the touch screen. A controller(14) displays information to an information display region having a predetermined size in a touch screen(12), and displays new information having continuity with the displayed information in a direction determined by a location of a touch point when one position of the information display region is touched. The direction is determined by a relative location of the touched point to one reference point or line of the information display region. The controller controls speed for displaying the new information variably corresponding to a distance between the reference point or line, and the touched point. The specific direction is under instructions from vector. The reference point is the central of the touch screen or the information display region.


Abstract : A detailed summary of the theory underlying a Fabry-Perot interferometer with parallel mirrors was given. Sources of error in the measurements were discussed, and several variations of interferometer design were evaluated. A photoelectronic method for recording the interference fringes is discussed. Various combinations of the interferometer with a spectrography for studying spectral lines were discussed and evaluated. Applications to the measurement of the relative intensities and splittings of the components of a spectral line were reviewed, as well as methods for determining the contour of a spectral line. The use of an interferometer as a filter for optical pumping was evaluated. (Author)


We investigate how to recognize and fit gravitational modifications to linear growth observables at redshifts z≲3, complementing our previous work establishing that a single parameter could treat modifications at z≳3. We establish subpercent accurate fits to the redshift space distortion observable fσ8(a) using two parameters binned in redshift, testing the results for modifications with time dependence that rises, falls, is nonmonotonic, is multipeaked, and corresponds to f(R) and braneworld gravity. The residuals are then propagated to cosmological parameter biases for DESI observations, and found to cause a shift in the dark energy joint confidence contour by less than the equivalent of ∼0.1σ. The proposed 2–3 parameter modified gravity description also can reveal physical characteristics of the underlying theory.


The identification of the space-dependent coefficient in two-dimensional Helmholtz-type equations from a complete knowledge of the field modelled by these equations and its normal derivative on the boundary and additional internal measurements of the field is investigated. This problem is approached by combining a regularized dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with a constrained non-linear minimisation technique. The optimal regularization parameter is chosen according to Morozov's discrepancy principle. The accuracy, convergence and stability of the proposed numerical method are carefully analysed and a sensitivity analysis with respect to the initial guess for the minimisation process is also performed. The numerical results obtained show that the combined regularized DRBEM-constrained non-linear minimisation technique is accurate, convergent, stable and robust.


An investigation of both the linear and non-linear parts of the photographic process has been carried out using the concept of optical frequency response for the description of the contrast degradation resulting from diffusion of light in the emulsion which is the linear part of the process. An analogy between the operation of a low-pass passive filter and valve and photographic image recording is established and a simple theory for calculating the resulting opacity in a photographic image is described. This latter introduces the idea of harmonic distortion to describe the non-linear part of the process. The experimental results obtained by means of an optical Fourier analyser for transparencies were found to be in good agreement with the theory. A description of the instrument is given in the first part of the paper. Some other applications of the theory are considered.


he concept of parents' occupational Status was viewed as parents' income T and parents' occupation. Two objectives were stated and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Empirical studies were reviewed in respect of variables of the study. Correlation research design was used; Parents Questionnaire (PQ) and profoma were used for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using percentages and multiple regressions. The findings of this study revealed that there was no significant relationship between parents' income and academic performance of students in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola. The study was also revealed that there was a significant relationship between Parents' occupation and academic performance of students in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola, Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study was concluded that parents' income has no significant relationship with students' academic performance in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola, Nigeria. The study further concluded that there was a significant relationship between parents' occupation and academic performance of students in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola. Therefore, it was recommended since parents' income has no significance relationship with students' academic performance; parents should take their wards' education as primary responsibility. It was also recommended that parents should be encouraged to acquire entrepreneurship education to supplement their current occupation.


This thesis points out,aiming at the poor internal condense power which is the fatal defect of enterprise group,that the key of successful enterprise grouplization is to realise the overall and efficient enterprise reorganization and integration.It deeply probes into the purpose,meaning and principle of enterprise reorganization,and the contents of overall reorganization.


We have described that both homogeneous and a silica-supported hexaalkylguanidinium chloride were effective catalysts for CO2 fixation to carbonate without any solvent under mild reaction conditions (4.5 MPa, 120 °C, 4 h), the silica-supported hexaalkylguanidinium chloride showing the great advantage that it could be recycled easily at least 5 further times without any obvious decrease in its catalytic activity, after simple filtration.


Based on a critical review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixed-integer model CCTS-Mod to compute a CCTS infrastructure network for Europe, examining the effects of different CO2 price paths with different regional focuses. Scenarios assuming low CO2 certificate prices lead to hardly any CCTS development in Europe. The iron and steel sector starts deployment as soon as the CO2 certificate price exceeds 50 €/tCO2. The cement sector starts investing at a threshold of 75 €/tCO2, followed by the electricity sector when prices exceed 100 €/tCO2. Results on the degree of deployment of CCTS are found to be more sensitive to variable cost of CO2 capture than to investment costs. Additional revenues from using the CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in the North Sea would lead to an earlier adoption of CCTS, independent of the CO2 certificate price; this case may become especially relevant for the UK, Norway and the Netherlands. On the downside, scattered CCTS deployment increases unit cost of transport and storage infrastructure by 30% and more.


In the production of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer,sesquioxide was harmful,which can reduce output and recovery of phosphate to and causce piping stopping.In order to reduce sesquioxide of phosphate and the difficulty of handling of the subsequent processing to recycle phosphorous rescources efficient,phosphate in the Wengfu of Guizhou was researched.Adopt to double-reverse flotation of moment grinding and selection,the grade of P2O5 was 29.02%,and R2O3 was 4.34%,and the recorery of P2O5 was 81.79% when the grinding fineness was 70%(-0.075 mm).


The unique challenge here was to transform an existing print campaign into motion, while staying true to the original work. The solution was realized by digitally sampling real liquids to capture the emotional impact of experiencing a drug-induced paranoia. Though fluid simulation software programs exist, this project uses natural characteristics of filmed fluids before transporting the images to the computer.


Objective To study the short-term clinical effect of 2-micron laser in patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods There were 86 patients with an average age of 65 years.The tumor lesion is single in 49 and multiple in 37 patients.The diameter of the tumor was 0.4-3.0 cm,and the patients were pathologically confirmed to be low grade bladder carcinoma.Results The procedure was successful in all,postoperative biopsies of the tumor base and incisional margins were negative.82 patients were followed up for 4-26 months,and postoperatively all the patients underwent cystoscopy every three months,the mean operating time was 20 min(ranged from 10-45 min).The indwelling urethral catheter time ranged from 5-8 days,and 5 cases(6.1%) of tumor recurrence were found.Conclusions 2-micron laser treatment is a safety and less invasive clinical therapeutic method for non muscle-invasive bladder cancer.


Contract Law: Text, Cases, and Materials provides a complete guide to the subject of contract law. The book comprises a balance of 60% text to 40% cases and materials. Its clear explanations and analyses of the law provide support to students, while the extracts from cases and materials promote the development of essential case reading skills and allow for a more detailed appreciation of the practical workings of the law and of the best legal scholarship. Part I of the book examines the rules relating to the existence of an agreement (particularly offer and acceptance, uncertain and incomplete agreements, and consideration and promissory estoppel). Part II covers the terms of the contract, including implied terms, interpretation, boilerplate clauses, exclusion clauses, unfair terms in consumer contracts, and good faith. Part III examines topics such as mistake, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, unconscionability, inequality of bargaining power, and frustration and force majeure. Part IV turns to breaches of contract and termination, damages, and specific performance. The last part, Part V, concentrates on third parties.


This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cutting frequency and nitrogen fertilization on th change of vegetation and the yield of dry matter on the different mixture combination of permanent pasture. 1. DM yield was increased as the increasing Arrhenatherum elntius but was decreased as the increasing Tkisetum fkavescens. 2. DM yield was unaffectdd by the different mixture combination of permanent pasture eventually. 3. In case of cutting frequency, 2-cutting showed higher DM yield than that of 3-cutting, and N-fertilization level showed significant increase in DM yield as the increasing N-level, especially 2-cutting block of N-3 showed the highest yield and 3-cutting block of N-l showed the lowest yield. 4. Mixture combination, N-level and cutting frequency did not show significant changes in DM yield of permanent pasture eventually.


In continuation of a previous paper, the relation between threshold, repetition time, and duration for periodically repeated tone pulses is treated. Experimental data at test frequencies of 250, 1000, and 4000 cps appeared to agree very well with a derived relation based on the following assumptions: Switching on a sinusoidal signal of intensity I results in an effect s somewhere in the hearing pathway, that approaches its final value asymptotically according to an exponential function; switching off this signal gives a decay of s also according to an exponential function; perception occurs when s exceeds a critical value s0. For the time constants of the growth and decay of s the same value could be chosen, being in agreement with the corresponding value for single tone pulses (0.2–0.3 sec). For very short repetition times, the data deviate from the predicted curves, which is explained by the assumption that energy integration is restricted to a fixed bandwidth. These critical bandwidths determined for t...


We present a flux-resolved X-ray analysis of the dwarf Seyfert 1.8 galaxy NGC 4395, based on three archival XMM-Newton and one archival NuSTAR observations. The source is known to harbor a low mass black hole ( ∼ 10 4 − a few × 10 5 M (cid:12) ) and shows strong variability in the full X-ray range during these observations. We model the flux-resolved spectra of the source assuming three absorbing layers: neutral, mildly ionized, and highly ionized ( N H ∼ 1 . 6 × 10 22 − 3 . 4 × 10 23 cm − 2 , ∼ 0 . 8 − 7 . 8 × 10 22 cm − 2 , and 3 . 8 × 10 22 cm − 2 , respectively. The source also shows intrinsic variability by a factor of ∼ 3, on short timescales, due to changes in the nuclear flux, assumed to be a power law ( Γ = 1 . 6 − 1 . 67). Our results show a positive correlation between the intrinsic flux and the absorbers' ionization parameter. The covering fraction of the neutral absorber varies during the first XMM-Newton observation, which could explain the pronounced soft X-ray variability. However, the source remains fully covered by this layer during the other two observations, largely suppressing the soft X-ray variability. This suggests an inhomogeneous and layered structure in the broad line region. We also find a di ff erence in the characteristic timescale of the power spectra between di ff erent energy ranges and observations. We finally show simulated spectra with XRISM , eXTP , and Athena , which will allow us to characterize the di ff erent absorbers, study their dynamics, and will help us identify their locations and sizes.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GLASS IN WHICH THE RAW MATERIALS ARE RENDERED AND REFINEMENT. MERGER AND REFINING ARE CARRIED IN BASIN 1, 2 COMMUNICATING THEM, BUT WHICH ARE ISOLATED ATMOSPHERE HEAT ONE OF THE OTHER. TEMPERATURE OF GLASS BASIN REFINING IS HIGHER THAN 2 GLASS IN MELTING BASIN 1. PASSAGE OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN 15 BASINS MERGER AND REFINING ALLOWS THE DISPOSAL OF GLASS FIRST TO SECOND, BUT PREVENTS CURRENT RETURN TO rEVERSE DIRECTION. THE INVENTION HELPS rEDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION.


This paper seeks to investigate the factors that integrate the clinical work-learning environment and as perceived by residents of public institutions in the Mexican health Sector. The residents of the different medical specialties in some of the cases will be with which, the patient initiate contact with the health institution, hence the importance of that they are within a clinical environment of reasonable worklearning, that they Conducive to achieving job-learning satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of the work is to define the factors that integrate the clinical environment of labour-learning and what is the perception of the residents of the same, to identify areas of opportunity that the respond is conducive to the satisfaction of Labour-learning, from an administrative perspective of human talent. Considering for the theoretical development the linkage of the clinical environment of learning with the work environment by the role that the residents play (students) and when they carry out their clinical and hospital practices become collaborators of the institution where they develop them. Considering for the theoretical development authors like Chiavenato, (2014), Navarro, (2006), who mention that the existence of factors that the individual perceives of the situations that confront in his social interaction and in the organizational structure that is They pronounce through variables such as: Objectives, motivation, leadership, control, decision-making, interpersonal relations and cooperation, which induce their belief, perception and satisfaction and can influence in a positive or negative way in the performance and in the Satisfaction, betting that the reasonable amalgamation of the factors improves the satisfaction of the people and in the case of the medical residents also of those who receive their services. To ratify this position, a qualitative methodology is applied for the theoretical and practical part supplemented by the latter with quantitative methodology to identify response frequencies in the subvariates of the clinical work-learning environment and On-site observation with the support of a duly validated instrument, which includes 28 items, which was applied to 90 resident physicians; Whose results show through the use of SPSS software applied to Likert-scale instruments, the perception of the residents of the work-learning environment, finding as findings the perception of working-school climate Efficient as well as job-teaching satisfaction, but even with that result there are areas of opportunity to attend


Liposarcomas are malignant neoplasms deriving from the fatty tissue and are known to be the most common soft-tissue sarcomas diagnosed in adults. Dedifferentiated ones are uncommon, with poor prognosis and higher local recurrence rate. The preoperative diagnosis can be easy in the typical forms and is challenging in the atypical ones. Here we describe an atypical case of dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma in a 37 years old male patient, with radiologic findings highly suggestive of teratoma with several components including calcifications, cystic areas and a solid component. The tumor was entirely removed through midline incision. As radiologic diagnosis was challenging for radiologists, it was the same for anatomopathologists. To the best of our knowledge, about thirty cases with similar radiologic findings were reported in the literature.


The development of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) for pixel detectors with complex in-pixel processing using Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools that are, themselves, mainly developed for the design of conventional digital circuits requires a specialized approach. Mixed signal pixels often require parasitically aware detailed analog front-ends and extremely compact digital back-ends with more than 1000 transistors in small areas below 100μm x 100μm. These pixels are tiled to create large arrays, which have the same clock distribution and data readout speed constraints as in, for example, micro-processors. The methodology uses a modified mixed-mode on-top digital implementation flow to not only harness the tool efficiency for timing and floor-planning but also to maintain designer control over compact parasitically aware layout.


The essay is an analysis of a serious of newspaper articles written by Witold Gombrowicz in the 1940s in Argentina, which were later published in a volume entitled Nasz dramat erotyczny [Our Erotic Drama]. The idea of collective identity and the changing patterns of its construction are key to the analysis. The writer's individual projects prove useful in the contemporary analysis of wartime texts by Gombrowicz, as they highlight the specificity of various elements of European and South American cultural identities, which are often contradictory.


The software testing techniques are briefly summarized in the paper.It is also pointed out that in order to assure the quality of software only traditional software testing is insufficient,and the software engineering must be carried out thoroughly from the following four aspects: theory and technology,tools and environment,management and control,standards and criterions.


Nondestructive measurements of residual stresses were successfully attempted by the acoustoelastic technique on butt-welded joints of a piping carbon steel plate. Usefulness of the technique considering the effect of material anisotropy is emphasized. Based on the measured residual stresses, the prediction of the fatigue crack growth was done using the superposition technique. It is shown that results agree well with experiments. The effect of experimental accuracy on life prediction is also included.


For studying the annual variation of fruit growth and development,longitudinal and transverse diameters of Newhall navel orange and its oval mutant were measured regularly in field.Meanwhile,the changes of fruit growth and development of the two strains were also studied.The results showed that the longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and volume of the two strains all occurred three peaks simultaneously during the growing process.Moreover,amount of growth in the first and second growth peaks of the two strains was higher.The two peaks were also the critical period for determining fruit size and quality.


Clustering is an important data mining task for exploration and visualization of different data types like news stories, scientific publications, weblogs, etc. Due to the evolving nature of these data, evolutionary clustering, also known as dynamic clustering, has recently emerged to cope with the challenges of mining temporally smooth clusters over time. A good evolutionary clustering algorithm should be able to fit the data well at each time epoch, and at the same time results in a smooth cluster evolution that provides the data analyst with a coherent and easily interpretable model. In this paper we introduce the temporal Dirichlet process mixture model (TDPM) as a framework for evolutionary clustering. TDPM is a generalization of the DPM framework for clustering that automatically grows the number of clusters with the data. In our framework, the data is divided into epochs; all data points inside the same epoch are assumed to be fully exchangeable, whereas the temporal order is maintained across epochs. Moreover, The number of clusters in each epoch is unbounded: the clusters can retain, die out or emerge over time, and the actual parameterization of each cluster can also evolve over time in a Markovian fashion. We give a detailed and intuitive construction of this framework using the recurrent Chinese restaurant process (RCRP) metaphor, as well as a Gibbs sampling algorithm to carry out posterior inference in order to determine the optimal cluster evolution. We demonstrate our model over simulated data by using it to build an infinite dynamic mixture of Gaussian factors, and over real dataset by using it to build a simple non-parametric dynamic clustering-topic model and apply it to analyze the NIPS12 document collection.


In this study, from the theoretical point of you, issues regarding regulation, credit risk, non-performing loans, Eurozone and Eurosystem are presented. Then, implementing an econometric model it was examined which factors influence the ratio of nonperforming loans in the Eurozone. It is worthwhile to mention that the ratio of NPLs can be used as a proxy of credit risk. Nowadays, credit risk seems to be the greatest risk, which banking systems are facing all over the world. Particularly, Using aggregate data on a panel of 13 countries for the period 2000-2008 and applying the fixed effect approach, strong correlations between the NPL and various macroeconomic and bank specific factors are confirmed. Our findings largely agree with the literature as, in terms of bank-specific variables, the capital ratio, the loans to deposits ratio and the rate of non-performing loans of the previous year appear to exert a powerful influence on the non-performing loans rate. At the same time, from a macroeconomic perspective, the public debt and unemployment seem to be two additional factors that affect the index, revealing that the state of the economy of Eurozone countries is clearly linked to the NPL index.


With China's entry into WTO, the Chinese and foreign banks each have the advantages that competes. And the cooperation in the competition is a choice of win-win. The Chinese and foreign money banks have four cooperative ways mainly at present: firstly, foreign banks participate in China-invested Bank by sharing directly, enter into cooperation in the capacity of strategy investor. Secondly, strategic cooperative partner, through cooperating, the Chinese and foreign money banks realize the specific business development goals together. Thirdly, co-partnership company, Chinese and foreign bank set up new financial institution for some specific business development goal and joint venture. For the fourth place, technological cooperation, in staff training, management and consultant are served, etc, respectively enter into cooperation by the Chinese and foreign money banks. In this course, both sides utilize one's own advantages to enter into cooperation, realize the situation of win-win finally.


PURPOSE: A rotational magnet fixture for a magnetic toy is provided to prevent the separation of permanent magnet although a rotary magnet fixture is deviated on the surface of a block main body. CONSTITUTION: A rotational magnet fixture for a magnetic toy comprises a cylindrical housing(2), a cylindrical magnet member(3), a magnet member guide rail, and a disk type base plate(4). A through-hole part(2a) is formed at the upper side of the housing. The magnet member is installed inside the housing and enables the rotation for vertical movement and polarity conversion. The magnet member guide rail is perpendicularly formed on the inner wall of the housing and guides vertical movement of the magnet member. The base plate is separably fixed to the bottom surface of the housing to suppress the separation of the magnet member.


Steve Rallis Steve Rallis was born in Bennington, Vermont, in 1942. He was an undergraduate at Harvard, receiving his BA in 1964. From there he moved to MIT where he was a student of Bert Kostant, receiving his Ph.D. in 1968. His early work was on invariant theory. After graduating from MIT, Rallis spent two years at the IAS in Princeton and two years at SUNY StonyBrook, followed by a number of visiting positions at Strasbourg, Texas, Notre Dame, and Princeton. Along the way, the primary focus of Steve's research shifted to the theory of automorphic forms and representation theory, but always keeping invariant theory as one of his powerful techniques. In 1970 Steve married Michele Kaufmann, who had received her Ph.D. in astronomy from Harvard in the same year that Steve graduated from MIT. In 1977 he became a visiting assistant professor at Ohio State University. He became a tenure-track assistant professor the following year and moved up through the ranks, staying at OSU throughout the rest of his career. But he always kept a busy traveling schedule, making regular visits to both Strasbourg and Israel, where he had active collaborations for many years. He became professor emeritus at OSU in 2008 and passed away in 2012. The primary focus of Steve's research was automorphic forms, automorphic representations,


In this paper, characteristics of ozone generation using a coil and SPCP+DA corona reactor were investigated. We have developed a hybrid reactor which employs a corona discharge unit together with a surface discharge unit. Experimental results suggest that the efficiency of ozone production is improved. The ozone concentration versus discharge power increased to the maximum point so to decrease to greatly reduced point. In the SPCP reactor, the maximum ozone concentration was 2900 ppm at 7.6 kV and 5 kHz, 2800 ppm at 5.9kV and 10 kHz and 3100ppm at 5.5kHz. For the superposing discharge, frequency was the most important factor. When coil discharge was applied, the 10 kHzexcitation shows the largest ozone concentration and the maximum ozone concentration was 1600 ppm at 3 W, 5 kHz, 2600 ppm at 2.7 W, 10 kHz and 2100 ppm at 2.8 W, 15 kHz.