Seed samples of 7 flax cultivars (Giza-8, Giza-7,Giza-6,Giza-5,Sakha-1, Sakha-2 and Marline), were screened for the associated seed-borne fungi,15 fungal species were isolated belonging to 11 genera .The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus ochraceous, Alternaria altrenata, Cladosporium sp., Chatomium sp., Drechslera sp., Epicoccum sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliforme,Penicillium sp., Stemphyllium sp., Phoma sp., Trichoderma sp. The genus Aspergillus recorded the highest percentage of seed colonization between the seven tested flax cultivars, ranged from (2-20%). Pathogenicity test for 14 isolates of F. oxysporum were studied for the levels of pathogenicity on seven flax cultivars under greenhouse conditions.Percentage of infection was used as a criteria to evaluate the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum isolates some of the tested isolates i.e. isolate no. 8 showed (85.0%), followed by isolate no.13 at 73.33% on flax cultivar (Giza-8). Moreover, cluster analysis was a reliable method to differentiate between 14 isolates belonging to the closely related F. oxysporum. Similarity coefficient matrix of F.oxysporum ,isolates ,involved in flax seedling damping-off showed a few significant correlations between the tested isolates of F. oxysporum, based on their pathogenicity on 7 flax cultivars.


Very often patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis undergo neck ultrasonography to study parathyroid glands. Although diagnosis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is based on the serum levels of both the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and the parameters of mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus), parathyroid ultrasound provides an important diagnostic tool in diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and therapeutic response of sHPT. Nevertheless there are limited data regarding the ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland, with only a few reports investigating thyroid nodules in hemodyalized patients. In the present paper we describe the case of a 37-year old male hemodyalized patient in whom ultrasound examination of the neck revealed a solitary thyroid nodule, which turned out to be different from what was initially expected.


This paper describes an adaptive multi-modal person verification system based on speech and face images. The system adapts to noise present in the speech signal by modifying the parameters of the fusion module. Linear and Support Vector Machine (SVM) based techniques of fusing the similarity measures from speech and face modes are investigated. Experimental results obtained on the Digit Database show that the adaptive system significantly outperforms its non-adaptive counterpart.


Anguish Language approaches language as a core aspect of the present social crisis. The project engages in solidarity with forms of self-publishing, poetry, criticism, experimental writing and declamation that have arisen in the wake of the 2007-8 financial crisis, considering language among and through the social struggles responding to its consequences.


1 aralner iman@g ma il.com, 2 mudr iyebicakc i@g ma il.com , 3 ayurteriii@g ma il.com, 4 filizu mut ilkay@hotma il.co m, 5 goksuferda73@hotm il.com, 6 firstname.lastname@example.com , 7 figenoke@hotma il.com, 8 Abstract In this study, it is intended to determine the ideas of parents about the parent involvement activities conducted during project and effects of parent involvement activities and other activities on children's development. In this study which is designed as a qualitative study 17 children from four-year age group (36-48 months), 30 children from five-year age group (48-60 months), 47 children in total and their parents are involved through non-random sampling technique. Views of parents were collected through semi-structured "Clothing Project Evaluation Form of Parents" and personal interviews. Giving priority to the parent involvement, "clothing project" was implemented on both groups. Project continued ten days among four-year age group and fourteen days among five-year age group. In their statements, parents emphasized that there is development in the self-care abilities of four-year age group children and differences emerged in most of the five-year age group children's cognitive, language, emotional development areas. Most of the families involved in clothing project stated that they are happy with parent- involvement activities, they feel valuable and they developed awareness to participate in the following parent- involvement activities thanks to observing their children's development closely.


This article details the deconstruction of social identity in Mark Gevisser's memoir Lost and Found in Johannesburg. It does so by emphasising how the city's design reflects racial and sexual segregation through the construction of borders and boundaries that are nonetheless nebulous and artificial. In Gevisser's memoir, his recollections are interspersed with the narratives of other marginalised individuals and groups. I employ Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection to understand how systems of exclusion function not only to exclude, but paradoxically, how they allow spaces of inclusion. I argue that the apartheid city can be read as a social body that can be analysed in a similar manner to how the individual subject distinguishes itself from others. The social body therefore creates subjective boundaries between racialised and sexualised others to maintain its sense of autonomy.


In this paper,we propose an adaptive on-line registration algorithm based on generalized likelihood ratio(GLR) for airborne radars in bias jumps environment.The algorithm tests the measurement residual of the registration formula in order to decide and estimate the jumps of bias.The Monte Carlo results show that,comparing with traditional registration algorithm,the algorithm can estimate sensor bias effectively in bias jumps environment.And the estimation errors are reduced remarkably and are close to Cramer-Rao lower bound.


Enterprise projects have a natural lifecycle; from idea to development.

Enterprise-aware tutors could identify projects to be placed on a "Commercial Possibility" watch list. This poster illustrates such a project by enterprising staff in the School of Computing & Engineering.


The recombinant humanized anti-HBsAg Fab secreted from yeast cells has high antigen specificity and affinity activity, which could sufficiently neutralize the HBsAg. In order to clarify the character of the recombinant Fab, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the molecular mass and peptide mass spectrum. The results showed that the molecular mass of recombinant Fab was 50678.49 Da, which is 2763.84 Da higher than the calculated value. The recombinant Fab was treated by trypsin and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The most peptides could be found. The results indicated that the recombinant humanized anti-HBsAg Fab was constructed correctly.


This article describes the tests undertaken to study the transfer of loads onto concrete pavement surface areas supporting stacked containers. This study was designed to determine whether the load transferred by the bottom container of a stack occurred through its corner units alone or whether the longest stringers were also involved in the transfer. The results of the tests, which are presented in this article, demonstrated that the structural analysis for port pavement should take into account the loads of the container stacks.


AbstractA case history is presented relating to corrosion of boiler plant which provides clear examples of the problems that can arise with inadequate attention to water treatment. Failures were observed in various components of the steam circuit of a urea plant: superheater tubes; stainless steel pipelines; expansion bellows carrying steam at 3·5 MPa pressure; the plugs and seats of steam admission valves; bolts and studs and the heads of Allen screws in reversing segments of the turbine; and the turbine rotor disc. All the components that failed were using steam from the steam generation plant. Investigation revealed that carryover of boiler chemicals in the steam had resulted in buildups of alkalinity and chlorides, leading to stress corrosion cracking.


Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the impact of provision of perennial water supply, as a management strategy to enhance game viewing, on herbaceous vegetation. Changes in herbaceous species composition and functional characteristics were investigated in relation to (1) distance from perennial and ephemeral surface water (spatial component), and (2) change over a 16-year period (1980–1996; temporal component). Herbaceous functional characteristics revealed a gradient of herbivore utilization in relation to proximity to perennial and ephemeral water. Herbaceous composition change since 1980 revealed significant deterioration in range condition. It has been hypothesized that the implications of an abundance of perennial water for game are made manifest by drought conditions and that a history of heavy utilization by herbivores prevents or inhibits recovery of the herbaceous vegetation to its pre-drought state.


The ITRF2008 densification solution based on the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) has been iteratively discussed within the EUREF TWG and has been presented and accepted at the EUREF2012 symposium in Paris (Kenyeres, 2012). This solution was however never provided to the EUREF user community because from the start it has been considered as an intermediary solution. Indeed, this ITRF2008 densification solution was based on the weekly EPN_REPRO1 results (GPS week 834 – 1408) and the routine EPN weekly solutions (GPS week 1409 1631) and it is compatible with the igs05.atx and epn_05.atx antenna models. This termination date of GPS week 1631 had to be set because of the introduction at GPS week 1632 (17 April 2011) of the new IGS08 frame (Rebischung, 2011) and an updated antenna PCV model, igs08.atx (Schmid, 2011). As EPN follows the IGS modeling standards, the igs08.atx antenna model (version epn_08.atx) and the related IGS08 frame have been simultaneously introduced in the routine EPN analysis at GPS week 1632, causing jumps in several time series. This report will focus on the follow-up of the ITRF2008 densification solution and will take into account the most recent weekly EPN solutions to generate a new EPN cumulative solution that is expressed in the IGS08 frame and compatible with the most recent antenna model (igs08.atx/epn_08.atx). The presented densification solution comprises weekly SINEX files up to GPS week 1680 and designated as IGS08_C1680.


In the phenomena of regeneration the problem of correlation appears, that is, the influence of the whole on the part. A part cut out from a whole organism may regenerate, while no such regeneration will occur so long as the part is not separated from the whole. What are the forces inherent in the whole which exercise the control over the part resulting in the prevention of regeneration ? We cannot form a definite idea of this inhibitory mechanism until we know the laws or rules underlying this prevention of regeneration or growth in the normal plant. Only if we succeed in finding such rules and if they are sufficiently simple can we with any hope of success begin to draw conclusions concerning the nature of the mechanism underlying these phenomena of inhibition and correlation. The reason why it is difficult o find such laws lies in the fact that the phenomena of regeneration in most organisms are too complicated or too indeterminate for such a purpose, and we are compelled to look for an organism which is especially favorable for such a purpose. The tropical plant Bryophyllum calycinum is apparently such an organism, and the writer has succeeded in finding some rules governing the phenomena of inhibition and


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii) sachets in the treatment of children with acute diarrhea.Methods 92 cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,46 cases of each.Both groups were treated with complement fluid,smectite powder and antibiotic,the treatment group based on it was added with S.boulardii sachets.The clinical efficacy of 2 groups was observed.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 97.8% higher than 87.0% of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Treating acute diarrhea of children with S.boulardii sachets has good efficacy.


Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the technique of choice to drain the main biliary duct with a high degree of technical success [1]. However, in the case of a pancreaticoduodenectomy, endoscopic biliary access can be challenging. Imanaga's procedure is a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure with the duodenojejunal, pancreaticojejunal, and hepaticojejunal anastomosis reconstructed in that order on the jejunal limb (▶Fig. 1) [2, 3]. This procedure is thought to allow easier endoscopic access to the hepaticojejunal anastomosis [4]. Here we report two cases of endoscopic biliary access after Imanaga's procedure. (▶Video 1). The first case is a 70-yearold man who underwent Imanaga's procedure 4 months before for a duodenal lesion that could not be resected endoscopically. He subsequently had cholestasis with a stenosis of the biliary anastomosis. The anastomosis was hard to find with a duodenoscope, but thanks to immersion, the anastomosis was retrieved and cannulated with deployment of a self-expandable metal stent to calibrate the anastomosis (▶Fig. 2). The second case is a 70-year-old man who underwent Imanaga's procedure 1 month before for an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A stenosis of the biliary anastomosis occurred with cholestasis and one episode of cholangitis. Endoscopic management of the stenosis was decided. Despite intensive searching, the biliary anastomosis was not found. An echoendoscope was used to E-Videos


Based on the analysis of the mechanism for the coupling development between finance and urbanization and the construction of a comprehensive valuation index system,this paper studies the tendency of coupling development between finance and urbanization in He'nan Province,which is an underdeveloped area,from 1994 to 2011 based on the super-efficiency DEA model,concluding that viewing from the angle of relative efficiency,the role of finance in promoting urbanization is superior to the role of urbanization in pushing financial development,and although the development level of He'nan's finance and urbanization both got improved,there was a fluctuant decline tendency in the coupling between urbanization and financial development due to the relative lag in the development of urbanization.At last,the paper makes some suggestions and countermeasures.


An experimentally-calibrated carbon nanotube compact transistor model has been used here to design two high-frequency (HF) circuits with two different functionalities each: a phase configurable amplifier (PCA) and a frequency configurable amplifier (FCA). The former design involves an in-phase amplifier and an inverting amplifier while the latter design embraces a frequency doubler as well as a distinct inverting amplifier. The specific functionality selection of each of the two HF circuit designs is enabled mainly by the inherent ambipolar feature at a device level. Furthermore, at a circuit level the matching networks are the same regardless the operation mode. In-phase and inverting amplification are enabled in the PCA by switching the gate-to-source voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\rm GS}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) from −0.3 V to 0.9 V while the drain-to-source voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\rm DS}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) remains at 3 V. By designing carefully the matching and stability networks, power gains of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>4.5 dB and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>6.7 dB at 2.4 GHz for the in-phase and inverting operation mode have been achieved, respectively. The FCA, in its frequency doubler operation mode, exhibits <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>20 dBc of fundamental-harmonic suppression at 2.4 GHz when an input signal at 1.2 GHz is considered. This frequency doubler functionality is enabled at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\rm GS}={0.3} $</tex-math></inline-formula> V, whereas at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\rm GS}={0.9}$</tex-math></inline-formula> V amplification of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>4.5 dB is obtained while <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\rm DS}$</tex-math></inline-formula> remains at 3 V in both cases. In both configurable circuits the stabilization and matching networks are the same regardless the bias-chosen operation mode. The circuits performance degradation due to metallic tubes in the device channel is studied as well as the impact of non-ideal inductors in each design. PCA and FCA operation modes are further exploited in high-frequency modulators.


This paper proposed an energy-efficient data query(EEDQ) protocol for wireless sensor network,in which designed a minimum spanning tree with the sink node as root,query task was flooding from the sink along the tree,and transmitted query results from the leaves nodes toward the sink node,in the same time,aggregated data in the parents nodes.Experimental results show that the EEDQ protocol algorithm can lead to the increase of sensor network lifetime compared with direct transmission.


Abstract The polarization behavior of various pure zinc, Al-Zn, and Zn-Ni coatings was studied to evaluate electrochemical methods for use in testing the performance of such coatings on sheet steel...


In this paper, an efficient algorithm is presented to analyze the electromagnetic scattering by electrically large-scale dielectric objects. The algorithm is based on the multi-region and quasi- edge buffer (MR-QEB) iterative scheme and the conjugate gradient (CG) method combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). This algorithm is done by dividing the computational domain into small sub-regions and then solving the problem in each sub-region with buffer area using the CG-FFT method. Considering the spurious edge effects, local quasi-edge buffer regions are used to suppress these unwanted effects and ensure the stability. With the aid of the CG-FFT method, the proposed algorithm is very efficient, and can solve very large- scale problems which cannot be solved using the conventional CG-FFT method in a personal computer. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing numerical results with analytical Mie-series solutions for dielectric spheres.


Argillaceous rocks are being considered as a potential host rock for deep geological repository (DGR) for hosting vitrified high level radioactive waste canisters by many countries worldwide. Numerical simulation of thermal evolution in the repository environment is an important study for the long term safety performance assessment of a DGR. In this study, thermal dissipation in the near field area of a conceptual repository in Ganurgarh shales from Bhander Group of Vindhyan Super Group, which is the thickest sedimentary succession of India,  has been simulated using commercial software FLAC3D, which solves the governing heat diffusion equation using explicit and implicit finite difference methods. Model parameters like thermal conductivity, specific heat, density of the shales are generated in the laboratory.  From the analysis of time dependent temperature profile it is observed that maximum temperature of 70.5oC is attained at canister surface after 22 years of heating for a heat loadings of 500 W/overpack. Since the maximum temperature is well below the permissible limit of temperature (100oC), the heat load of the source is increased to 700 W/overpack and in this case the simulated value of maximum temperature is 93oC.  Maximum temperatures at other locations within the near field region are also within the permissible limit.


The half-Heusler alloy RuMnGa having valence electron count (VEC) 18 has recently been theoretically proposed to exhibit compensated ferrimagnetic (CFiM) character instead of the expected nonmagnetic ground state. On the other hand, a preliminary experimental study proposed ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. As no half-Heusler system with VEC 18 is known to exhibit magnetic ordering, we have investigated the details of crystal structure and magnetic properties of RuMnGa using a combination of experimental tools, viz., x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques, dc and ac susceptibility, isothermal magnetisation, heat capacity, resistivity and neutron depolarisation measurements. Rietveld refinements of x-ray and neutron diffraction data suggest single phase nature of the compound with elemental composition RuMn$_{0.86}$Ga$_{1.14}$. We have shown that the system exhibits FM-type ordering owing to the inherent presence of this minor off-stoichiometry, showing very low magnetic moment. The system also exhibits reentrant canonical spin-glass behaviour, which is rarely observed in half-Heusler alloys. The temperature coefficient of resistivity changes its sign from negative to positive and further to negative as the temperature decreases.


Do you feel like you are standing on the shoulders of giants, or do you feel like there is a someone or something that is towering above us and bellowing instructions, when all we need is for them to listen?


The neuropeptide CRH is the central regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress response system and is implicated in various stress-related conditions. In the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD), levels of CRH are decreased. AD pathology is characterized by the deposition of the nonsoluble amyloid β protein (Aβ), oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. Employing primary neurons and clonal cells, we demonstrate that CRH has a neuroprotective activity in CRH-receptor type 1 (CRH-R1)-expressing neurons against oxidative cell death. The protective effect of CRH was blocked by selective and nonselective CRH-R1 antagonists and by protein kinase A inhibitors. Overexpression of CRH-R1 in clonal hippocampal cells lacking endogenous CRH-receptors established neuroprotection by CRH. The activation of CRH-R1 and neuroprotection are accompanied by an increased release of non-amyloidogenic soluble Aβ precursor protein. At the molecular level CRH caused the suppression of the DNA-bind...


The protoplast culture of Gramineae is still a difficult problem in plant cell and tissue culture. The results of somatic embryo formation and mature plant regeneration from cultured protoplasts of Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud are reported. Regenerated plantlets have been obtained from suspension culture protoplasts and regenerated mature plants from protoplasts directly isolated with embryogenic calli. The latter offered an example of new approach to protoplast culture of Gramineae. A discussion of culture media and culture methods is also presented.


Leadership Strategies to Improve Volunteer Retention by Rudene P. Glass MBA, University of Phoenix, 2002 BS, Wilberforce University, 1994 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2018 Abstract Nonprofit leaders face challenges retaining volunteers to support their organizations' human resources. The shortage of volunteers threatens nonprofit sustainability with increasing personnel cost for maintaining quality services. Grounded by Burns's transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies nonprofit leaders from southeastern Michigan used to improve volunteerNonprofit leaders face challenges retaining volunteers to support their organizations' human resources. The shortage of volunteers threatens nonprofit sustainability with increasing personnel cost for maintaining quality services. Grounded by Burns's transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies nonprofit leaders from southeastern Michigan used to improve volunteer retention. Data were collected through face-to-face semistructured interviews with 3 nonprofit leaders and a review of organizational documents such as volunteer implementation plans, strategic plans, and volunteer committee notes. Data were analyzed using a methodological triangulation process of sorting comments, which involved a chronological review of the interview transcripts and a descriptive coding for emerging themes. Three distinct themes emerged from the data analysis: collaborative relationships improved volunteer retention, team motivations improved volunteer retention, and strategic communication improved volunteer retention. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing nonprofit leaders with a better understanding of the need to improve volunteer retention and leadership strategies as methods to continue building viable communities for those in need. Furthermore, the implications for positive social change could include improvements of other nonprofit organizations and the well-being of volunteers in the organization. Leadership Strategies to Improve Volunteer Retention by Rudene P. Glass MBA, University of Phoenix, 2002 BS, Wilberforce University, 1994 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2018 Dedication I give thanks to my Heavenly Father for my strength and it is from blessings and grace; I continue to give recognition in remembrance of the wonders and miracles for those watching from above. Thank you for sending guiding angels to protect me. Especially, I dedicate this doctoral research to my family who supported me throughout this journey. For that, I am eternally grateful. To my husband, Ken, I thank you for your steadfast determination to see me through, your encouragement, endless support, and care for the family. My son, Ed, and my daughters Anna and Alana, who at all times offered a helping hand, kept me motivated, and believed in me. For my granddaughter, Mina, thank you for your laughter and who reminded me to stay full of joy. Acknowledgments Words are not enough when expressing appreciation and gratitude to my supportive chair, Dr. Theresa Neal, for her guidance, feedback and encouraging words throughout this process. To my second committee member, Dr. Scott Burrus, thank you for your advice during my oral defense that helped me think forward and into the analysis process. Dr. Gregory Uche, thank you for your written university research review comments to ensure that my study was of the greatest quality. To my Board Chair, Alfred Taylor, thank you for your quiet dedication; as you taught me to remain faithful and never give up hope. A final appreciation to my volunteers, support staff, and friends; thank you for your assistance.


Over the last few years, lateral buckling has gone from a secondary issue to one of the major concerns in pipeline design. Not many years ago pipelines were thought of as flexible elements, which could absorb virtually any kind of displacement, but due to the trend to increase fluid temperatures and after a few major environmental accidents, it seems that lateral buckling became the major design issue. Burial was then assumed to be the only safe solution. This is the normal reaction to every traumatic experience, but now that there is alertness and that accidents are being prevented, it is once again time to re-evaluate and see where caution has become excessive and what cheaper alternatives can be used. Several papers have been written over the last 3 or 4 years addressing this issue, [10–13] for instance, and, in general, one could say that there is a consensus regarding the need to know more about how pipelines move, when they buckle laterally, and to what extent they should be allowed to do so. Still another issue, which has been discussed along with this one, is related to how cyclic motions (due to cycles of heating and cooling) can aggravate the problem. Attention is drawn to the fact that the buckling analyses are usually performed based on models conceived to simplify the design, while, on the other hand, construction and installation pay a penalty, because of unnecessary conservatism, which could be avoided if a bit more effort was put into the design. Just to illustrate what is being said, let us consider a typical lateral buckling problem and how the practice has decided it should normally be treated: 1. Determine the pipeline embedment length (that for which the pipeline will build up sufficient axial friction to anchor the axial force due to the temperature variation). 2. Build a model twice that size, embedded at both ends; using a program, which can model axial and lateral friction (this is a nonlinear analysis). 3. Build a prop type lateral installation deviation at the center of the model. 4. Analyze the pipeline assuming that the expansion from both sides will build into that deviation, thus causing the pipeline to buckle at that section. In spite of having become a traditional design approach, it is associated with a conservative model. The bottom is assumed flat, the soil model is a simple elasto-plastic spring and, also, that there is only one lateral imperfection, which will concentrate all the axial expansion. The object of this paper is to show that it can be very advantageous to spend more time and money, on the design, using more detailed analysis models, in order to save much more on the construction and installation. This will be done by sharing the experience gained based on the use of such models, during several recent pipeline projects, handling over 300km of pipes, with diameters varying between 6 and 34 inches in water depths ranging from 0 to 2000m.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


The research has been done in two directions. In a linear case, the adjoint boundary problem have been built. We have managed to do it in a classical continuous case without resort to such terms of functional analysis as an adjoint space, adjoint operator, etc. In a non-linear case, we have considered the problem with a small parameter and discussed an issue of applicability of some aspects of a theory of bifurcation of the nonlinear equations' solutions (Trenogin et al., 1991). We have built a boundary  problem adjoint to  the linear multipoint problem. We have studied unicity of its linear and adjoint differential operators with multipoint boundary conditions and generalized it for the m-point problem.


Vacuum arc widely appears in vacuum interrupters, ion sources, thrusters and other related application fields. Understanding the components characteristics in vacuum arc is very important for the above application fields. At present, modeling and numerical simulation technology is becoming more and more important for the study of vacuum arc mechanisms. In this paper, magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) models of multi-components vacuum arc with passive and active anode modes will be introduced, the commercial alloy electrode materials in vacuum interrupters are considered. Furthermore, transient plasma characteristics and components evolution processes of vacuum arcs with different situations (fixed gap distance and electrode movement) in vacuum interrupters are reviewed. Vacuum arc plasma jet characteristics with a ring anode under different external magnetic fields will also be introduced, the separation mechanisms of light and heavy ions in vacuum arcs also will be studied. Finally, the challenge of vacuum arc modeling in the future is also discussed.


We identify scene categorization as the first step towards efficient and robust depth estimation from single images. Categorizing the scene into one of the geometric classes greatly reduces the possibilities in subsequent phases. To that end, we introduce 15 typical 3D scene geometries, called stages, each having a unique depth profile and roughly corresponding to a large majority of all images. In this work, we do not attempt to derive a precise depth map, but only to decide on the appropriate stage. The subsequent phase of parameter estimation would result in a more detailed background depth profile.


With the development of competition and cooperation among regional tourism operators,the effect of administration on the optimization of the spatial relations of regional tourism is gradually declining.However,the mechanism of cultural influence between areas is relatively stable.The distribution of cultural resources in cross-administrative regions is a common phenomenon,and cultural tourism has become an important influence in the synergetic development of regional tourism. The synergetic development of regional cultural tourism should not only be based on the realistic foundation of cooperative development of regional tourism,but should also consider how to better inherit and integrate regional culture.This differs from traditional forms of cooperation in regional tourism.It is particularly important to consider public cognition and evaluation of the development of regional cultural tourism,and to understand social responses and demands of cultural tourism.In this way,we can shift thinking about development from a traditional model dominated by the influence of government,to a new form involving the government in conjunction with the market,with demand as the primary mainstay of development.This shift in thinking may be beneficial for the development and prosperity of cultural tourism and regional tourism. Taking Nanjing Metropolitan Area as an example,the current paper sought to design a research project to elaborate the development status of regional cultural tourism,and outline a realistic foundation and the basic conditions of synergetic development.In addition,we sought to implement a combination of social investigation and quantitative analysis to analyze public cognition and evaluation of the synergetic development of regional cultural tourism. The results revealed that respondents' perspectives were affected by urban historical and cultural background,and the development of the tourism industry,among other factors.Clear differences were found in peoples' perceptions of the historical formation of urban cultural resources,and the characteristics and influence of the cultural aspects of tourism.We found that respondents felt positively about the identification and accumulation of cultural influences on regional tourism,and the necessity of strengthening the synergetic development between urban cultural tourism.In contrast,participants reported significantly different attitudes about the sense of belonging and cultural integration in metropolitan areas compared with the central city of Nanjing.In addition,we found that the presence of common cultural elements in a city directly influenced the extent and effect of synergetic development of regional tourism. The current empirical analysis revealed the characteristics of spatial cognitive differentiation of synergetic development of regional cultural tourism: oriented towards cultural resources,traffic location,and cultural contact.This conclusion may be helpful for clarifying the development of thinking about regional tourism and cultural tourism under the guidance of local government,for integrating and deepening the development of cultural tourism resources for tourism destinations,and for identifying the approach to synergetic development of regional cultural tourism that is most appropriate to local characteristics and development phases.


An oligo(phenyleneethynylene), with hydroxyl as end-groups of cross-shaped four alkoxy side chains (OH-OPE), was designed and synthesized to investigate the effects of the symmetry of molecular str...


This thesis is about present statuses of studies of regionalliteratures especially on Chung-buk, DaeguㆍKyung-buk, Chun-buk regions focusing on how regional identities appeared in literary works respectively. First, for Chung-buk region, it is on the introducing phase where how to discuss their regional literature is presented and in the course of searching for its own identity. Second, for DaeguㆍKyung-buk region, there has been a work to examine the character of regional literature on the basis of its cultural tradition, which is scholarly or Confucianism. This approach can be discussed as one of possibilities in the study of this regional literature. However, more research is required which can show this particularity in the literary works. Third, for Chun-buk region, there are studies of its world of literature based on the distinctiveness of the region, like characters in literature, prosaic music, the spirit of resistance. In spite of this, more studies in scope and in depth are requested. As understanding statuses of studies of regional literatures, I have recognized the problem which should be settled firstly besides these realistic problems for the revitalization of the study of regional literature. That is the finding of the methodology of study of regional literature. This can not be found without the basis of the regional identity. Since searching how that identity is reflected in regional literary work is the initial task of study of regional literature, what should be considered in methodological aspect is confirming the regional identity inherited in each region. It also signifies that the study of regional literature should be accomplished in the dimension of research of regional study.


This paper analyses the effects of different materials of casing soil on the cultivated property and yield in Coprinus comatus by determining their physical and chemical properties.The results showed as follows:The properties of different materials of casing soil affect directly the quality and yield of Coprinus comatus.The rotten leaf soil,whose porosity,maximum moisture capacity and nutritional components are higher,are benifical to the growth of Coprinus comatus.In the casing layer of covering rotten leaf soil,the rising tendency of electricity conductivity and the dropping tendency of pH with extending of the cultivation period are more significant than those of other two materials.


Formation constants are determined for hydrogen-bond complexes between atrazine and compounds commonly found in soil organic matter. Weak to moderately strong complexes (K f =2-30 L/mol) are formed with amine, hydroxyl, and carbonyl functional groups. Strong complexation is observed with the carboxylic acid (K f =212 L mol) and amide (K f =276 L/mol) functional groups, witch interact cooperatively with atrazine by simultaneously donating and accepting a hydrogen bond. These results confirm that hydrogen bonding provides a mechanism for atrazine adsorption to soil surfaces and identifies functional groups that have high affinity for atrazine


The existence of solution to boundary value problems for a system of nonlinear fractional differential equations is investigated.Based upon upper and lower solution method and the fixed-point theorem sufficient condition of the problem is obtained.


Requirements modeling is an established method for detecting defects in requirement specifications. Although many companies have successfully incorporated requirements modeling in their software processes, other companies face technology adoption problems: methods appear incompatible with processes and technologies in use, and with the attitudes of engineers. We approach this problem by adaptation of standard modeling know-how to existing practices and attitudes in certain companies. By a requirements modeling process that respects the constraints of iterative, incremental, use case driven development, and that uses a modeling language with a low learning barrier (for engineers), we hope to make companies that use the unified process amenable to requirements modeling.


RECOVERYAREGENERATIONARECHARGING Publication Classification SYSTEMS (51) Int. Cl. (75) Inventors: Dario Colnaghi, Milano (IT): F2SB 45/00 (2006.01) Stefano Avoledo, Milano (IT): (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................................... 62/292 Osvaldo Mascarello, Milano (IT): (57) ABSTRACT Jean-Charles Borsatti, V CH ean-Charles Borsatti, Vessy (CH) A refrigerant accumulation and oil recovery device for recov ery/regeneration/recharging units for a refrigerant fluid with drawn from refrigeration or air conditioning plants or heat pumps, characterised by comprising a refrigerant fluid accu mulation/evaporation vessel and an oil recovery vessel, said vessels being closed at their top by at least one plate which Supports them both, the plate presenting a plurality of pas sages defining, with said vessels, a part of the charging/ recycling circuit of said recovery/regeneration unit, in which said accumulation/evaporation vessel and said oil recovery vessel present at least one wall in common, such that any Correspondence Address: PARKER-HANNIFIN CORPORATION HUNTERMOLNARBAKER MORGAN 6035 PARKLAND BOULEVARD CLEVELAND, OH 44124-4141 (US)


A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic manure application on soil physical properties at the harvest of the sorghum crop and its residual effect on the succeeding crop of soybean. The residual effect was studied in combination with tillage treatments that the addition of organic manures to the first crop especially poultry manure and farm yard manure increased the yield besides improving the physical properties of soil and organic carbon status. The residual effect of organic manures was well pronounced in soybean yield. Though the improvement in soil physical properties as influenced by different organic manures did not significantly vary among themselves, the physical fertility increased markedly over control. Disc ploughing and stubble management without irrigation enhanced the total porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the soil significantly,


This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and the perceptions of women regarding uterine cervix cytological sampling. A qualitative research, characterized as exploratory and descriptive was conducted in a countryside city in the South of Brazil. Such study was carried out with women who looked for medical assistance to go through the test, in three Family Health Units. Saturation criterion was considered, regarding each FHU, as for definition of the number of participants. Data collection was accomplished through interviews, which were followed by thematic analysis. The women present knowledge about the aim of the exam. Besides, feelings such as shame and embarrassment emerged, which are culturally built and established as barriers for the test


Object detection in a static or dynamic scene, such as a video, is a well-known problem in the computer or machine vision community. Some techniques have already been developed so far. Such detected objects have applications in many different areas. The literature in this domain is vast; as a result it is really very difficult for a beginner to work in this domain. A guideline, therefore, is very helpful, particularly to the young researchers working in the area of computer vision. We have therefore felt the need of a review in this domain. With this objective in mind, we have written this article. We have studied some major existing state-of-the-art object detection methods and chronologically summarize each of them. Each summarization narrates a detailed description on motivation, work description, merits and demerits, followed by some discussion.


Milk is a nutritious food for human beings. It also serves as a good medium for the growth of many microorganisms such as Staphylococcus and Coliform.To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk and raw milk from randomly selected markets in beed city The average total variable count of raw milk is 1.33x10 7 cfu/ml. The average of total coliform count is 1.05X10 1 cfu/ml. The average total variable counts of pasteurize milk is 2.94x10 4 cfu/ml; the average of total coliform count is absent.


This paper extends the spatial econometric approach to the Kuhn-Tucker (KT) model. The proposed approach models spatial heterogeneity in preferences for recreational behavior using a single structural utility theoretical framework to simultaneously model participation and site selection decisions. In the empirical section, the proposed and standard KT models were applied to a recreation dataset for the parks in Hokkaido, Japan, and the model results were compared. The empirical analysis showed that both spatial heterogeneity across sites and non-spatial heterogeneity across individuals exist. The estimated compensating variation suggests that it is important to account for spatial heterogeneity in the welfare analysis of park management.


Equations have been derived to predict the bending behavior of a two-dimensional assembly of long thin straight fibers, which are generalized linear viscoelastic in bending and torsion, and are subject to frictional restraints (in the assembly) in both these modes of deformation. The resultant bending behavior of the assembly in any direction θ is characterized by a generalized linear viscoelastic function known as the bending-relaxation-rigidity plus an internal frictional moment. The bending-relaxation-rigidity may be calculated from first principles as a linear combination of the component fiber bending and torsional relaxation moduli. The internal frictional moment will generally be found experimentally. It is suggested that the theory presented. may be applied under conditions of changing temperature and relative humidity to the bending behavior of woven and nonwoven fabrics composed of generalised linear viscoelastic fibers of one or more types.


Sexual orientation subsumes sexual attractions, sexual behavior, psychological and emotional attachments, self-identification, and affiliations with a particular community. These elements are often overlooked in the use of terms such as lesbian or heterosexual. In this activity, students categorized the sexual orientation of 10 fictional people, some of whom presented inconsistencies between different aspects of their sexuality. By illustrating the difficulty in defining rigid and consistent categories of sexual orientation, the activity stimulates animated discussion and receives positive feedback from students. I use this activity in teaching the Psychology of Women, Sexual Behavior, and the Psychology of Sexual Orientation, although instructors could use it in other courses as well.


My title "An Ethiopian Dilemma" stands to evoke an association to the book by Swedish sociologist Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma, which played a signal role in helping Americans resolve their longstanding conflict of values regarding racial discrimination. My hope is to suggest ways in which a social scientist might help Ethiopians get a better grip on their country's problems. Although work by social scientists gets valued often for methods of securing more reliable data, there are three other ways in which our disciplines provide more objective analyses. One is to locate current issues in a historical context. One is to bring to bear sharper theoretical tools. And one is to undertake comparative analyses. Here I shall offer suggestions in all three modes. First, to history, not since the 16 th Century has Ethiopia experienced changes so convulsive as in the past fifty years. The 16th-century changes were instigated by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Suleiman, who gave arms and soldiers to the satellite state Adal under Ahmad Gran. Gran assassinated the rightful Harari ruler Sultan Abu Beker Mohammed and abrogated the Islamic doctrine that Ethiopia was a righteous land to be spared jihad. His attacks destroyed vast stretches of highland Ethiopia and created a vacuum that invited Oromo peoples to conquer vast parts of the country, initiating the chronically contested multiethnic rulership of the Ethiopian state. Turks later invaded Ethiopia directly and wrested away Ethiopia's historic coastal strip, paving the way for conflict three centuries later. 20 th century turbulence likewise stemmed from invasions: first Sudan, then Italy, twice. These invasions pushed Ethiopia toward deliberate programs of internal change, what sociologists call "defensive modernization." One way or another, however, a push toward modernization was inevitable, given steady engulfment by a global civilization. What was not inevitable was how Ethiopia faced the challenges of becoming modern.


The chemical composition for both dill and parsley herbs were studied. The highest content of crude protein, crude fiber, ash content, carote-noids, total chlorophyll and essential oil contents were found in dill herb were 27.25, 13.38, 16.02%, 174.32, 530.47 mg/100g and 0.879% (on dry weight basis), respectively, compared with that found in parsley. On the other hand, parsley was rich in both of ascorbic acid and β-carotene which were 682.77 and 34.95 mg/100g (on dry weight basis), respectively. Minerals content of dill and parsley herbs were analyzed and the results indi-cated that the dill contained higher amounts of Na, Ca, Cu and Zn than that found in parsley. Some physical properties of dill and parsley essential oils such as (color, specific gravity at 15°C, refractive index at 20°C, optical rotation and solubility in di-luted ethyl alcohol) and some chemical properties (acid value, ester value and ester value after acetylation) were also studied. Composition of es-sential oils were identified, and contained (22.78%)phyllandrene and (23.85%) myristicin as the major terpene hydrocarbon compounds found in dill and parsley essential oils, respectively. The ability of extracted essential oils of dill and parsley as anti-microbial activity for (bacteria, yeast and mold) and as natural antioxidant agent applied in sunflower oil were also undertaken. The results indicated that the extracted essential oils of dill and parsley had antimicrobial activity which caused to inhibit the microorganisms growth and also, using these ex-tracted essential oils as antioxidant which caused to improve the sunflower oil stability as natural extracts, achieved nutritional and economical gain.


On May 5, 1994, President Clinton made the landmark decision to merge the United States' (US') military and civil operational meteorological satellite systems into a single, national system capable of satisfying both civil and national security requirements for space-based remotely sensed environmental data. For the first time, the US government is taking an integrated approach to identifying and meeting the operational satellite needs of both the civil and national security communities. The joint program formed as a result of President Clinton's direction is known as the National Polar- orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). Key to the success of the convergence process are continuing efforts to achieve commonality in the ground data processing segment across US government organizations, in particular within the Departments of Defense (DoD) and Commerce (DOC). The current plans are that five environmental data processing centers, as well as numerous globally-deployed remote field terminals will process the huge volume of satellite data expected to flow from the NPOESS converged satellite system.


A History of US is a 10-volume storyteller's history of our nation written for young people from 9 to 99. It begins tens of thousands of years ago with some hunters and seagoers who head east in search of game and fish. The story continues through time and place, telling of others who sail west over a broad ocean to the same opulent land. Together these diverse peoples create a New World and make it their own. The books take us through the 20th century, recounting events that have defined our past and will shape our future.


The separated 2~5 lines of the Mossbauer spectrum of amorphous Fe90ZrlO alloys has been obtained from the linear combination of the spectra of unpolarized and magnetically polarized samples. The hyperfine field distribution has been determined from the original spectra and from the separated 2-5 lines using different evaluation methods (binomial distribution method, Fourier method and Window method).


This paper is focused on the generalized Forchheimer flows for slightly compressible fluids. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the differential system for stationary problem. The technique of semi-discretization in time is used to prove the existence of solution for the transient problem.


BTC (Block Truncating Coding) is a well-known image coding algorithm. This paper presents the application of BTC algorithm on the speech signal. BTC splits the input signal into blocks which are processed separately. The original algorithm is modified for application in speech signal coding and the quantizer design is presented.


The invention discloses an once grounding wire simulation device for a transformer substation. Through simulating the condition that when an equipment overhauling grounding knife-switch or a simulation operating grounding wire is set in a grounding state, the power switch of a simulation grounding knife-switch and a simulation grounding wire LED (light emitting diode) luminotron element is switched on and an LED lamp emits light, overhauling equipment in a state to be grounded or in a grounding state is clearly displayed, and the safety measure is clear at a glance; when the grounding knife-switch or the simulation operating grounding wire is set in a non-grounding state, the power switch of the simulation grounding knife-switch and the simulation grounding wire LED luminotron element is switched off and the LED lamp does not emit light, and the overhauling equipment in a state to be detached or in a non-grounding state is clearly displayed. By adopting the once grounding wire simulation device for the transformer substation, the occurrence of serious error operation accidents of power transmission with grounding wires (grounding knife-switches) by operators is effectively prevented. The once grounding wire simulation device for the transformer substation is a safety device which can remind the operators to prevent error operation of power transmission with the grounding wires through the once wiring simulation plate grounding lighting display of the transformer substation.


The Far East is traditionally very attractive to Chinese business. The region has everything to attract Chinese investments: geographic proximity, accumulated experience of cooperation, differences in economic development and factors of complementarity. All these facts have an impact on the economic ties of the Russian Far East and the PRC. In theory, the Far East should become the main beneficiary of the strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing. Currently, the four southern regions of the Russian Far East demonstrate different models of China's economic activity, depending on the historical background and the level of economic development.
The bulk of Chinese investment in the Russian economy comes from intergovernmental cooperation, especially in the energy sector and large infrastructure projects, while there are few private investors from China. Therefore, Chinese investors face the problem of transforming their activities and looking for new business opportunities.
This paper systematizes the main projects of Russian-Chinese investment cooperation carried out through intergovernmental agreements, as well as investigates the dynamics of direct investment from China. Despite the positive trend, it was revealed that the total amount of accumulated investments is decreasing with debt instruments being the main share of it. In the northern regions of the Far East, the activity of Chinese investors is practically excluded. The authors identify the main problems of Russian-Chinese investment cooperation in the Far East based on the analysis of Russian and foreign studies.


The fine structure, distribution, and fate of cortical granules in human oocytes cultured in vitro are reported.

Follicular maturation in women with blocked Fallopian tubes was induced by clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin, and preovulatory eggs were obtained by improved methods of laproscopy and oocyte recovery. These oocytes were then inseminated and cultured in a modified Ham's F10 medium for 3 to 72 hr to assess their fertilizability.

Cortical granules were observed in all 17 unfertilized oocytes investigated, which had completed various stages of meiotic maturation. A marked increase in their numbers was observed in oocytes cultured for 3 to 6 hr. There was no evidence of spontaneous cortical granule release in any of the oocytes studied.

It is concluded that cortical maturation expressed by proliferation of cortical granules is as significant a criterion as nuclear maturation in assessing maturity and fertilizability of oocytes cultured in vitro. A short sojourn in culture before insemination could improve chances of normal fertilization and embryo development, which has been recently achieved in our laboratory.


. For effective full-season control of dodder in alfalfa produced for seed, herbicides applied to soil in late winter or early spring should remain active through June. Pendimethalin or prodiamine at 2.2 kg ai ha" 1 applied in mid March controlled 97 to 100% of dodder through May and 92 to 100% through June. At 3.4 kg bar 1 , both controlled 96 to 100% of dodder through June each year, and control of 95 or 96% persisted through July in 1 of 3 yr. In the greenhouse, trifluralin was only about 1/8 as active against dodder as pendimethalin and prodiamine. In the field, trifluralin at 2.2 kg ai ha -1 controlled dodder satisfactorily through May in 3 of 4 yr and through June in 1 of 4 yr. At 4.5 kg ha" 1 , trifluralin controlled 99% of dodder through May in each of 3 yr; control was satisfactory through June in 2 of 3 yr. Oryzalin was less effective than the other three dinitroaniline herbicides. A standard herbicide, chlorpropham at 6.7 kg ai ha - " 1 , controlled 97 to 100% of dodder through May, but control usually did not persist through June. Another standard herbicide, DCPA at 11.2 kg ai ha" 1 , controlled 97 or 98% of dodder through June in 2 of 3 yr. Pendimethalin and prodiamine at 3.4 and 6.7 kg ai ha -1 did not affect the yield or quality of seed produced by established alfalfa. Heavy sprinkler irrigation (15 cm of water) after application did not diminish dodder control from pendimethalin or prodiamine. Nomenclature: Chlorpropham, 1-methylethyl 3-chlorophenylcarbamate; DCPA, dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-l,4-benzenedicar-boxylate; oryzalin,


High energy chest trauma resulting in flail chest injury is associated with increased rates of patient morbidity. Operative fixation of acute rib fractures is thought to reduce morbidity by reducing pain and improving chest mechanics enabling earlier ventilator weaning. A variety of operative techniques have been described and we report on our unit9s experience of acute rib fracture fixation. Over 18 months, 10 patients have undergone acute rib fracture fixation. Outcome measures included; patient demographics, time ventilated pre-operatively, time ventilated post-operatively and time spent on ITU/HDU post operatively. The mean time from presentation to surgery was 5 days (range 2–12 days). The mean time ventilated post operatively was 2 days (range 1–4 days) and the mean number of days spent on ITU/HDU post-operatively was 6 days (range 2–11 days). Our results appear positive in terms of time spent ventilated post-operatively but no conclusion can be drawn as we have no comparable non-operative group. We have however shown, that rib fracture fixation can be carried out successfully and safely in a trauma centre. Further evidence on rib fracture fixation is required from a large, multi-centre randomised controlled trial.


In this working paper 9 verses of ruku' 14 of Ch. 2 of the Holy Qur'an have been explained. The Inter conflict between two people both of whom were given the Divine Scriptures has been condemned and the consequence of it has been highlighted. Unity of God has been expressed and his control all over the universe has been manifested.


As the prevalence of autonomous agents grows, so does the number of interactions between these agents. Therefore, it is desirable for these agents to be capable of collaborating without pre-coordination. While past research on ad hoc teamwork has focused mainly on relatively simple domains, the long-term vision has been to enable robots and other autonomous agents to exhibit the sort of flexibility and adaptability on complex tasks that people do. This research introduces a series of pick-up robot soccer experiments that were carried out in three different leagues at the international RoboCup competition in 2013. In all cases, agents from different labs were put on teams with no pre-coordination. This abstract summarizes the structure of these experiments and analyzes the results. The work describes a new large-scale ad hoc teamwork testbed that can serve as a starting point for future experimental ad hoc teamwork research.


In an automated environment, concurrent engineering is impossible without standards. The full automation and integration of industrial processes is impossible unless standardised hardware and software, especially standardised knowledge and information models, exist to allow intercommunication among all types of computerised systems. The author considers how concurrent engineering, based upon product data standards and enterprise integration framework standards, represents a new form of concurrent engineering that can be called multi-enterprise concurrent engineering.<<ETX>>


Results from experimental studies of the viscosity of coal–water slurry prepared from Kuznetsk lean coal and having a bifractional composition of its dispersed phase are presented. Dependences of viscosity on the fraction of fine particles in the slurry are obtained for the range of shear rates from 0 to 72.5 s–1. The existence of a minimal viscosity value at the fraction of fine particles ψ ≈ 3 is revealed. DOI: 10.1134/S0040601512060067


For many people, the concept of noninferiority studies may not be intuitive. It is therefore of concern that the article cited by Nicole Le Saux and associates[1][1] as methodologic support for their study design did not explicitly mention the term "noninferiority" or "margin of noninferiority


In a market as competitive as the present, growth is one of the objectives that companies seek, insofar as it can help them to remunerate the agents who intervene in the process of generating value. However, business growth is not without problems associated to the resources needed to achieve it, and that, if they are not compatible with the financial capacity of the company, could create liquidity tensions. Thus, to improve their competitiveness, it is important that the companies adjust their real growth to the desired (sustainable) growth. This question is applicable to the agricultural cooperatives, particularly when taking into account their peculiar characteristics. In this context, as its principal objective the present work aims to recognise the evolution in real growth in Spanish agricultural cooperatives and their degree of adaptation to the desired growth (sustainable growth). To that end an empiric study on a sample of Spanish agricultural cooperatives over a period of five years (2000-2004) was carried out. Our results indicate a certain imbalance between the rates of real and sustainable growth: although at the beginning of the period studied the rates showed an excess in real growth, in the latter years this tendency is inverted, and a slowing down in growth investments is detected. This situation could be justified by the special characteristics of this type of company, such as their mutualism, "open doors" policy, and restriction in profit sharing to their members, among others.


During the fifties he was considered to be an existentialist, and absurdist and later a Black Humorist, yet, John Barth proved that he would never subscribe to any specific theory and would make his own world of/about fiction by himself. A traditional postmodernist as some of the critics calls him; he was obsessed with Scheherazade the narrator of the Thousand and one Nights and her art of storytelling. This essay aims to depict Barth's employment of the frame narrative and embedding structure which are the main devices of Scheherazade's mystifying narratives. Revealing the architectonic structure of his writing, we would demonstrate how traditional technique can bridge postmodernist aesthetics to recreate and replenish the exhausted materials in writings.


AbstractThis paper describes the team management concept of cleft lip and palatepractised in Hong Kong University,Cleft patients are taken care from birth to adulthood by this centre.Treatments are coordinated and implemented at the appropriate age of the children's development.Establishment of a centre is the most efficient method for management of Cleft patients and will bring the best result in the long term.


"The aim of this paper is to analyze why people consider other determinants than performance as important for the evaluation of wage fairness. This question arose from the empirical observation that a considerable proportion of respondents of the Swiss labor market survey reported that one's family situation, education or seniority within the firm should be important for fixing wages. For the analysis of this phenomenon three possible explanations are considered. First people develop a positive attitude towards a distributional rule if they will benefit from this rule. Second the idea of general moral and altruistic norms producing the observed attitudes is discussed. Third an exchange-theory solution is proposed which focuses on balanced exchange processes between the members of a team or a firm. Empirical results clearly support the role of self-interest and exchange processes between team members. However, due to the restricted data only limited evidence for cultural fairness norms could be found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


During pump trial run,the problems such as pump body being hot,vacuumized,large vibration of pump body or bearing box,small exit flow rate and less pressure often arise and thier causes are different. Three relatively special instances are enumerated to analyze the failure causes,which will be used for reference to other technicians.


In this on farm study, drip irrigation systems were installed in 21 farmers' fields in 1 acre area each, where rice is grown conventionally by flood irrigation. Pan E based irrigation schedule is followed in the drip treatments. A fertigation schedule is also implemented for fertilizer application in the drip irrigated fields. A comparison between conventional flood and drip method of irrigations were done on data of Irrigation water consumption, rice grain yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP). Overall hike in yield because of drip method of irrigation was 10-18 % of that in flood and mean IWP were 0.8 kg/m3 in drip and 0.3 kg/m3 in flood irrigated field. India is


The crisis of the existing models of cultural policies can be observed as a part of the assumed and more profound crisis of the Modern, if not tout court, at least of its 'liberation practices.' The follow-up of postmodern phenomena in their historical, philosophical and socio-cultural dimension leads us to conclude that there is an undeniable dialectics of the Modern and the Postmodern, and also that there is a partial restructuring of some basic collective values that are characteristics for our times. The postmodern culture, if it can be justifiably spoken about i according to its policy, breaks with the typically modern indecision between e ideal of equality and the ideal of individual freedom thus stressing the life of an individual which is as free as possible as something that should be in future taken care about by the ongoing cultural policy while conceiving their 'cultural actions'.


The in vitro defferentiation of the sulcular epithelium from cats was studied. Gingival tissues were removed from the labial aspect of the canine teeth of 6 adult cats. These specimens were cultured on stainless steel rafts in organ culture dishes for 3 days. At the end of this period the specimens were examined in the light and electron mecroscopes. It was found that the sulcular epithelium, which at the time of explantation was a nonkeratinized epithelium, developed into a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium afer 3 days in vitro.

The results demontrated that sulcular epithelium possesses the potential to keratinize and it is suggested the that enviornmental factors are important in the in vivo differentiatio of this tissue.


The research investigates the phenomenon of participatory news article (PNA) as the product of joint (interactive) activities of a journalist and a reader. PNA contributes to the formation of political consciousness and expands the opportunities for political communication. We suggest the hypothesis about the need to address the PNA as a complex phenomenon consisting of nuclear and peripheral components. Having analyzed the tools and techniques that enable interactive communication and on-line exchange of views, we claim that the PNA is a special genre of electronic media communication characterized by integrity.


Toilet training system includes a seat (10) and complementary base (12). The seat has a central seat member (34) having a curved surface defining a cavity shaped to accommodate a child, the seat member has an opening (36) on its lower surface. Base includes a partition member that defines the container extending transversely to the outer side wall (42) and the cylindrical side wall. Partition member central portion with complementary inclined or curved surface against the curved surface of the seat member has a (50). The seat can be mounted on the base in the first and second configuration of the system. In the first configuration, the central portion of the partition member is relatively closely placed on the seat member, preferably in contact with it. This corresponds to the use mode of the system of training or skill. In the second configuration, the partition member is spaced relatively far away from the seat member, in that mode, the system may be used as Potti. In a third mode of use, the seat can be mounted directly on a toilet rim.


The United Nations high level meeting on non-communicable diseases is expected to include nutritional interventions among the suggested actions. Derek Yach warns that we should not underestimate the challenge of implementation, especially in developing countries, or ignore the vital role of agriculture


Abstract This paper deals with the study of a line balancing problem. The considered problem is issued from the automotive industry. It consists in gradually assembling vehicles which go through a line. Assembly operations are made by workstations placed along the line. The goal is to assign operations to these workstations in order to minimize different criteria while satisfying several constraints. To solve this problem, stochastic algorithms are applied, namely stochastic descent and simulated annealing, for which two neighboring systems are proposed. They are applied on generated data and industrial data and provide interesting results.


Join us on social media........9 SAFEMODE in progress The SAFEMODE project has a duration of 36 months, from 1 June 2019 to 31 May 2022, and it is a Research and Innovation Action project funded under the Horizon 2020 programme. The main aim of the project is to develop a novel Human Risk Informed Design (HURID) framework in order to identify, collect and assess data for Human Factors in a systemic way. HURID will offer tools and data for designers and risk assessors, enabling them to take human factors risk-based considerations when designing transport systems and operations.


This paper proposes an evaluation method for the observable trap depth range of space charge when using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method and its complementarity with the current integration charge (Q(t)) method. Based on the measurement process of the PEA method and the hopping conduction principle of space charge, the relationship between the trap depth and the residence time of charge is analysed. A method to analyse the effect of the measurement speed and the spatial resolution of the PEA system on the observable trap depth is then proposed. Further results show when the single measurement time needs 1 s and the resolution is 10 μm at room temperature, the corresponding trap depth is larger than 0.68 eV. Meanwhile, under high temperature or with voltage applied, the depth can further increase. The combined measurement results of the PEA and Q(t) methods indicate that the former focuses on charge distribution in deep traps, which allows to calculate the distorted electric field. The latter can measure the changing process of the total charge involved in all traps, which is applicable to analysing the leakage current. Therefore, the evaluation of HVDC insulation properties based on the joint application of the two methods is more reliable.


The article is intended to be a 'balance sheet' of integration process in the framework of the European Union as regards the biggest enlargement after 2004. The subject of the studies are the 23 economies of the EU and Norway over the period 2006-2016 in the aspect of whether the new entrants followed more advanced countries. The concept of economic convergence has been assumed as the most crucial theoretical notion explaining the process of assimilation between members of the EU. A cognitive aim is to test whether the integration has induced convergence of the EU countries in terms of 'structure and demography of business'. The hypothesis states that the new entrants to the EU have neared the old members, however they still retain their specificity related to the post-socialistic system. In order to reach the goal and solve tasks, a comparative analysis, a statistical analysis, Euclidean distance and cluster analysis were applied for revealing the dynamics of the process of making economies more similar.


This paper considers protocols for fading, wireless relay networks that aim to achieve cooperative diversity through the use of distributed space-time codes. All point-to-point communication is modeled as taking place over quasi-static, Rayleighfading channels with each node in the network operating in halfduplex mode. Channel-state information is assumed to be present only at the receiver. The diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff (DMT) is taken to be the measure of performance. Prior work in this area relating to the identification of the DMT of various protocols as well as to DMT-optimal code construction is first reviewed. This is followed by a description of our recent results in this area. These include determination of the DMT of the orthogonal amplify-and-forward and selection decodeand-forward protocols as well as some simply-described, DMToptimal code constructions based on cyclic division algebras.


In Line start permanent magnet synchronous motor, eccentricity is a common fault that can make it necessary to remove the motor from the production line. However, because the motor may be inaccessible, diagnosing the fault is not easy. This paper presents an FEM that identifies different models, static eccentricity, dynamic eccentricity, and mixed eccentricity, at no load and full load. The method overcomes the difficulty of applying FEMs to transient behavior. It simulates motor speed, torque and flux density distribution along the air gap for SE,DE, and ME. This paper represents the various effects of different eccentricitiestypes on the transient performance. Keywords—Line Start Permanent magnet, synchronous machine, Static Eccentricity, Dynamic Eccentricity, Mixed Eccentricity.


I first met Herb and Ruth Wilf in the summer of 1966 at an AMS three week workshop on entire functions. This was the end of a three year instructorship. At the end of the summer I would move to Penn as an assistant professor. They were the first new colleagues I met – and what a splendid introduction. Their intellectual depth and personal warmth made it clear that I would find a real home at Penn. After 45 years, it continues to be.


DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) is usually used to analyze flicker signal,but its inherent spectral leakage and barrier effect lead to low accuracy of Pst.A method based on WT(Wavelet Transform) to improve the accuracy of Pst is proposed,which uses DFT and IDFT(Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform) to avoid the frequency aliasing of Mallat algorithm.For a single frequency flicker signal,it uses interval sampling to reduce the computational time of decomposition and reconstruction;for multi-frequency flicker signal,the WT frequency range is given to reduce the energy leakage,forming the DMallat algorithm,which extracts the characteristic parameters of voltage fluctuation signals to improve the calculation accuracy of electric parameters,such as frequency and amplitude,and then that of Pst.Simulative results show its effectiveness and applicability.


The analysis of shape-variations due to changes in facial expression and gender difference is a key problem in face recognition. In this paper, we draw on ideas from the field of statistical shape analysis to construct shape-spaces that span facial expressions and gender, and use the resulting shape-model to perform face recognition under varying expression and gender. Our novel contribution is to show how to construct shape-spaces over fields of surface normals rather than Cartesian landmark points. According to this model face needle-maps (or fields of surface normals) are points in a high-dimensional manifold referred to as a shape-space. The similarity between faces and gender difference is measured using a number of alternative geodesic, Euclidean and cosine distance between points on the manifold. In a recognition experiment we compare the perfomance distance with Euclidean, cosine and geodesic distance associated with the shape manifold. Here we explore if the distances used to distinguish gender and recognise the same for under different expressions.


In this paper we report strong visible photo luminescence (PL) of nc-Si film samples at room temperature and discuss the relation between PL and nano meter-siced structure.We propose a model in which PL of nc-Si film can be interpreted,and explain that PL is dependent on the exciton confinement.


One approach to understand how governmental actions affect people's efforts to cut disease transmission, is to consider the effect of behaviour on case rates. In this paper we present a spatial infection-cutting game, formally equivalent to a Hopfield neural network coupled to SIRS disease dynamics. Behavioural game parameters can be precisely calibrated to geographical time series of Covid-19 active case numbers, giving an implied spatial history of disease cutting behaviour. This is used to investigate the effects of government intervention, quantify behaviour area by area, and measure the effect of wealth on implied behaviour. We also demonstrate how a delay in people's perception of risk levels can induce behavioural instability, and oscillations in infection rates.


The boxicity of a graph is the smallest dimension $d$ allowing a representation of it as the intersection graph of a set of $d$-dimensional axis-parallel boxes. We present a simple general approach to determining the boxicity of a graph based on studying its ``interval-order subgraphs''. The power of the method is first tested on the boxicity of some popular graphs that have resisted previous attempts: the boxicity of the Petersen graph is $3$, and more generally, that of the Kneser-graphs $K(n,2)$ is $n-2$ if $n\ge 5$, confirming a conjecture of Caoduro and Lichev [Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 346, 5, 2023]. Since every line graph is an induced subgraph of the complement of $K(n,2)$, the developed tools show furthermore that line graphs have only a polynomial number of edge-maximal interval-order subgraphs. This opens the way to polynomial-time algorithms for problems that are in general $\mathcal{NP}$-hard: for the existence and optimization of interval-order subgraphs of line-graphs, or of interval-completions of their complement.


Munehisa Shimamura, Naoyuki Sato, Kazuo Oshima, Motokuni Aoki, Hitomi Kurinami, Growth Factor Gene Reduced Ischemic Injury Without Cerebral Edema in Rat Model Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Brain Ischemia : Overexpression of Hepatocyte Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2004 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109496.82683.49 2004;109:424-431; originally published online January 5, 2004; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/109/3/424 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the


The black earth is a kind of Alfisol, with a thick layer of humus, loose texture, high fertility, high porosity ratio, poor permeability and a high content of clay, which is suitable for cultivatioa With the development of human society, because of the lack of sustainable utilization consciousness, and the eager for quick success and instant benefit, the black earth suffered excessive cultivation and management, causing the reduction of its recycled ability, decrease in organic content, porosity ratio, fertility dropped and the proper-ties of water retaining and water retention, which make the black soil harden and degenerate seriously. On the basis of the government' s policy of revitalizing the Northeast Old Industrial Base, preventing black earth from degeneration and strengthening protection of black soil in China, according to analysis of the distribution of black soil and the present research of black earth degeneration, the author summarized the main degradation type of black earth, revealed main reasons for its degradation, put forward some measures to prevent black earth from degrading and protecting black earth. In addition, the author put forward the new and further direction to study the degradation of black earth on the basis of the existing study, and hope to play a role of inducing purpose in assuring sustainable utilization of black earth resource and furthering study.


Acid throwing, also called an acid attack or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault. It is defined as the act of throwing strong corrosive on the body of a person "with the intention of injuring or disfiguring [them] out of jealousy or revenge". Here we present a case of a 19- year-old girl who was victimized because she refused a love proposal. She was admitted in the One Stop Crisis Center (OCC) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Acid burn injuries involved whole of the right side of the face, front and adjacent right side of the neck, right shoulder and front of the right side of the chest. The burnt areas were wet with serous discharge. She was treated with intravenous fluid, antibacterial ointment on her affected area, her wounds were washed with plenty of water and sodium-bi-carbonate, antibacterial eye ointment was applied on her eyes, tetanus toxoid and analgesics were given. J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(1): 47-50


Optical spectroscopy is among the most important chemical analysis techniques, due to its high specificity and long-term stability. For spectroscopic analysis of gas compositions, the mid infrared (mid-IR) region is particularly important, owing to the rovibrational resonances in that spectral range. Hence, there is great interest in miniaturizing and reducing the power consumption of optical spectroscopic sensors, but until recently the mid-IR range has been out of reach. We demonstrate spectroscopic sensing of carbon dioxide using an integrated silicon waveguide at the strong absorption peak at 4.23 µm wavelength. We show different measurement principles that leverage the power of integrated optics in innovative ways.


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T are two problems implicit in art historical writing from at least the mid eighteenth century: the relation of the concept of art to the variety of its manifestations and the relation of the interest of individual works to the traditions out of which they emerge. Both problems are brought to a focus when we examine the differences between the writings of Alois Riegl at the end of the nineteenth century and the first years of the twentieth, and the principle work of Sir Ernst Gombrich published in the nineteen fifties and sixties. The two writers shared a great many assumptions : that European art had developed from more schematic to more optically suggestive images; that we understood works as developments of their antecedents; that purposes (like becoming more lifelike or optically suggestive) ran through developmental sequences could lose their urgency, precipitating a change in direction and the emergence of new goals. But Gombrich unpicks the closely woven synthesis of his predecessor; and he does this as often by implication as by direct criticism.


In order to capture the complexity of material failure it is necessary to understand that the performance of FE models depends on a fair use and a fair modeling of composite materials. Based on previous research works, the prognosis capabilities of the current material definitions in LS-DYNA will be discussed. The predictive capability of the simulations will be evaluated by comparing the validity of the models, starting with simple coupon tests and then gradually proceeding to more complex geometries. In this paper two new material models for composite laminates will be discussed and compared to current definitions in LS-DYNA. In conclusion, the achieved correlation between simulation and experimental results will be discussed to present the new technical challenges for the numerical simulation of composite materials in automotive applications. Table of


The article is devoted to the experimental substantiation of the choice of the basic version of plates with cylindrical dowels for joints of wooden structures-pusher plates of the TsNIISK-KirPI system. The actuality of the study is due to the lack of experimental data on the bearing capacity and stiffness of the joints regarding various types of dowel plates used for joining (increasing of cross section) of wooden elements working according to an asymmetric pattern. The purpose of this article is to determine the bearing capacity and stiffness of such joints on various types of nail plates and, based on the analysis of experimental data from short-term tests, to justify the choice of the basic version of TGk type dowel plates.


Single droplet impingement onto inclined heated surface is studied experimentally. Droplet in the form of aquades is dropped from a fixed height 70 mm to the metal surface with 45º impact angle. This experiment uses 3 types of metals; Stainless Steel AISI 304, Aluminum Alloy 2024, and Copper. All material surfaces are mirror polished and assumed to have the same surface treatment condition. Surface temperatures are 110 ºC, 150 ºC and 210 ºC to determine droplet behavior characteristics. The droplet has 3.0 mm diameter and 28.5 Weber Number (low impact category). In order to analyze droplet behavior in slow motion high velocity camera 4000 fps (frames per second) is used with image resolution 1024 x 768. Data obtained then processed using MATLAB image processing technique to analyze sequence of images visually and quantitatively to determine several parameters; spreading ratio, dimensionless height and contact time.The results showed droplets have different behavior characteristics even at the same surface temperature. Droplet contact time on the copper surface is shorter than aluminum and stainless steel. This is because droplets experienced bouncing due to film boiling regime takes place earlier. Maximum spreading ratio of stainless-steel surfaces is higher than copper because changes of boiling regime on stainless steel surfaces are slower and droplet is still experiencing spreading on the surface


The selection of the artillery operational schemes is a critical step in the course of decision-making of artillery combat command,which directly affects the exertion of operational effectiveness,and the result of operations.According to the practice of artillery operations,this article puts forward the bases of decision-making in seeking optimal method of artillery operational schemes,then points out the steps of calculating each factors' weighted vector by analysis hierarchy process.The effectiveness function model for the calculation of each factor is built basing on the analysis of modeling factors.Finally it gives out the process of calculation,and the steps of the model's application.


An information processing device includes an information acquiring unit that, in the case in which a pay service is provided to a user, acquires fee calculation information used to calculate a fee for the service, a selecting unit that, in the case in which a plurality of payment methods exist for a fee calculated on the basis of fee calculation information acquired by the information acquiring unit, selects at least one payment method from among the plurality of payment methods, on the basis of influence information that potentially influences selection of the payment method, and a sending unit that sends, to a destination depending on the payment method selected by the selecting unit, charge information used to charge a fee calculated on the basis of the acquired fee calculation information.


An adhesion strength test for thick films that requires no soldering was developed, and the adhesion strength of a silver-glass thick film on an alumina substrate was obtained. Three types of adhesion strengths were considered: prefracture adhesion strength, fracture process adhesion strength, and total adhesion strength, which is the sum of the other two adhesion strengths. The relation between these adhesion strengths and the microstructure is discussed. The strength of glass, the thickness of the glass layer, and densification of the silver powder are proposed as possible factors responsible for adhesion strength. A fracture mechanism for thick films, based on an analysis of the adhesion strength and observation of the microstructure, is proposed. Adhesion strength is evaluated using the Weibull distribution function. >


Suicide is a regular endpoint, and sometimes part of an exposure definition in pharmacoepidemiology; however it can be complex to study. It cannot be assumed to have the same quality of recording as other variables as it is neither a diagnosis nor cause of death. There can be sensitivities in labelling a death as suicide; consequently many cases with an 'open verdict' at inquest are in fact suicide. Furthermore, the legal procedures surrounding a violent death can take many weeks to conclude, with the medical record continuing to grow after the date of the event. Given these challenges, the evidence on accuracy of suicidality recorded in the THIN UK primary care database provided by Arana et al. in this issue of Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety is welcome, but it should be interpreted in conjunction with other evidence on the quality of death recording. In the Arana article, the authors identified patients on the THIN database with epilepsy and who also had a code for suicidality. Codes for suicide, attempted suicides and 'suicideþ self-inflicted harm' were included but not those for 'intentional self-harm'. For a sample of 177 of these patients, the database record of suicidality was found to be accurate when compared to that given in replies to a general practitioner (GP) questionnaire, positive predictive value (PPV) 97%. The response rate to the questionnaire was good at 81%. Medical records and death certificates were also requested but the authors do not report the criteria for accepting suicidality or the concordance between external documents. The suicide code accuracy is consistent with validations in other UK primary care databases. Avalidation of 16 suicides on the VAMP database reported a PPVof 100%, and in a comparison of General Practice Research Database records with verdicts on 73 death certificates (62% requested), those cases classified by the authors as definitely or probably suicide had a PPV of 91%. The authors reported lower accuracy when the comparison with questionnaires was completed after the database record of suicidality was categorised as attempted or completed. The PPV was 88% of 74 completed suicides and the specificity for suicide attempt not resulting in death was 91% of 103 records. The study definition of completed suicide was a death code dated in the month after the code for suicidality. Presumably deaths on the date of the suicide record were included. Cases where the patient was not removed from the practice list in the following six months were reviewed. However, the recording of death is not straightforward in this dataset even before the delays inherent in suicide investigation are considered. While a specific code may seem the obvious way to record a death, there are three other methods that a GP can use, free text, an administration record, as well as a separate structured cause of death area. The authors do not give details of why cases were misclassified which would allow others to refine the algorithm. It may be possible to improve the categorisation by including a wider search for a death record. Less stringency in the order and time between the suicidality and death codes could also make a difference. For example, a death would not have been identified if the suicide record was dated as the day the verdict was given rather than the date of the self-harm. Indeed a GP may see no need to enter a code for both suicide and death. For most study designs the completeness of recording of an event is equally as important as the pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2010; 19: 1318–1319 Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/pds.2056


It is imperative that health care resources are spent as efficiently as possible by committing them to demonstrably cost-effective treatments and procedures. The NHS reforms of 1989 aimed to help achieve this by separating out the roles of purchaser and provider. In doing so, 'trade' between them will be more explicit and accountable. Both purchasers and providers therefore require information about the costs and consequences of treatment options to enable them to make informed decisions about which treatments to fund. The current literature concerning the cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation options is, however, poor in terms of both quantity and quality. The majority of the studies reviewed evaluate rehabilitation options without first adequately establishing their effectiveness. Without such evidence, rehabilitation resources are potentially being wasted.


Abstract : This paper responds to three critiques of 'Victory Misunderstood: What the Gulf War Tells Us about the Future of Conflict' (International Security, Vol. 21, No. 2, Fall 1996). The critics both attack the analysis in 'Victory Misunderstood,' and offer their own, preferred, explanations of the Coalition's loss rate in the Gulf War. The response argues that neither the critics' attacks nor their alternative theories stand up to scrutiny, and offers a detailed rebuttal of the critics' case.


The Dumarey equation has been the dominant relationship used to calculate the saturated mass concentration of elemental mercury vapour in air for the calibration of measurements of mercury vapour for over 25 years. However, the origin of the equation, and the validation data supporting its accuracy have never been published. This paper addresses that deficiency, compares the Dumarey equation with other data sets to which it has been wrongly attributed in the past, and describes why it remains superior to the use of mercury vapour pressure data in combination with the ideal gas law, for the purposes of calibrating measurements of mercury vapour.