Fertilizer application has gained much attention because not only has it been increasing crop yield (improving the economy of the farmers), but also been increasing/decreasing heavy metals uptake by many plants. In this study, four non-edible African plants-Euphorbia heterophylla, Axonopus compressus, Emilia coccinea and Scoparia dulcis were used to examine the effect of fertilizer (organic manure and Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium (NPK) fertilizer) application on uptake of Pb, Cd, Hg and As by the plants. The seedlings of the plants were collected, planted and inoculated with 0.1M solutions of the salts, buffer 7,Organic manure and NPK fertilizers. Plant parts were harvested after 14 weeks of inoculation, washed, air-dried, ashed, digested and analyzed for the presence of the four metal ions. The results showed increase in pH decreased the absorption of Pb, Cd, Hg, As by A. compressus and S. dulcis. Organic manure application at pH of 6.3 increased the uptake of; Pb by A. compressus and E. coccinea. At pH of 7, organic manure application increased the uptake of; Pb by E. heterophylla and A. compressus. Application of NPK fertilizer at pH of 6.3 increased the uptake of; Pb by A. compressus and S. dulcis. At pH of 7, NPK fertilizer application increased the absorption of; Pb and Cd by all the plants, Hg by A. compressus, As by E. coccinea and S. dulcis. Most of Pb uptake were found in the roots showing that the plants can be used to phytostabilize the metal ion. Though As was phytotoxic, it was the highest absorbed among the four and E. coccinea could be used as an arsenic hyperaccumulator. keywords: Phytoremediation, Fertilizers, Euphorbia heterophylla, Axonopus compressus,


Ten weekly intravenous injections of isologous bone marrow into C57BL/6 mice, each injection following an intraperitoneal injection of urethan, failed to inhibit the augmentation by the urethan of leukemogenesis induced by a previous, single, total-body x irradiation of 400 r. One intravenous injection of bone marrow depressed leukemogenesis by a single dose of 400 r x irradiation without any urethan treatment. These results do not support the possibility that the urethan effect on leukemogenesis causes a depression of the bone marrow, and thus lend further weight to the idea that its action represents a promoting factor, with irradiation serving essentially as initiating factor, in the relatively low dose ranges used. When bone marrow was injected soon after the irradiation, to inhibit leukemogenesis, and urethan given subsequently, the resulting leukemia incidence was considerably higher than that obtained with irradiation alone, and almost as high as with irradiation, without bone marrow, followed by urethan. It is suggested that the inhibiting effect of normal bone marrow on x irradiation leukemogenesis probably operates at the initiating stage. (auth)


The invention discloses a touch structure, an array substrate and a display device. The touch structure comprises a touch area, a peripheral area surrounding the touch area, first leads and second leads, the touch area comprises a plurality of first touch electrodes and at least one virtual electrode, the peripheral area comprises a conductive circuit, the first leads comprise first ends and second ends, the first ends of the first leads are electrically connected with the first touch electrodes, and the second ends of the first leads extend to the peripheral area from one side of the touch area. The second leads comprise first ends and second ends, the first ends of the second leads are electrically connected with the virtual electrodes, and the second ends of the second leads extend to the peripheral area from the other side of the touch area and are electrically connected with the conductive circuit. According to the touch structure, the virtual electrodes are arranged between the first touch electrodes, the recognition precision of a touch position can be improved, the leads of the virtual electrodes avoid a dense wiring area, and the loads of the leads are reduced.


Cold rolling mills are highly automated in today's manufacturing sector. Prior to the strip being rolled in the mill, the rolling stand actuators have to be 'set up' to their correct values. In particular, the gap between the work rolls and the roll speeds have to be precisely determined and set. These settings rely upon models which are complicated in nature and demand considerations of numerous practical constraints. This paper describes recent developments and improvements made to those models to optimise the throughput of the mill during the setup procedure. This includes a model to monitor the thermal condition of the mill motors in order to optimise the motor power utilisation, and a dynamic load redistribution algorithm to maximise throughput.


We review Ferreiros and Lassalle Casanave's recently publishedbook "El arbol de los numeros". The book is a result of the Brazilian-Spanish conference "Sobre la elucidacion del concepto de numero: cognicion, logica y practica matematica" hosted in Sevilla in 2013, and collects new papers on History and Philosophy of Mathematics as well as Mathematical Practice. These papers present results of investigations in Cognitive Sciences, Logic and Epistemology of mathematical certainty. In this review we present a general overview of the papers' contents, and advance a critical analysis of them.


: In this paper, the e ff ects of size, morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon on the thermal conductivity of Al-8Si alloy modified by Sr (0.04, 0.08, 0.12 wt.%) and Sb (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 wt.%) elements with T6 heat treatment were investigated. The results show that the modified fibrous eutectic silicon has a significant capability of improvement of thermal conductivity, while the amount of the modifier has a relatively weak e ff ect on thermal conductivity. After T6 treatment, the fracture or spheroidization of the flake eutectic silicon and the disappearance of clustering phenomenon could raise thermal conductivity, but the coarsening of fibrous eutectic silicon is inconducive to thermal conductivity. Finally, the e ff ect of eutectic silicon on electron transport is analyzed in detail, which could provide a reference for enhancing the thermal (or electrical) conductivity of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy through e ff ective microstructure control. and J.-G.W.; methodology, J.G., J.-G.W. and Z.-P.G.; software, J.G. and Z.-P.G.; validation, J.G., R.-F.Y. and P.-K.M.; investigation, J.G., M.-H.W. and P.Z.; writing—original writing—review and


Samples of poly(2,2'-dioxybiphenylphosphazene) were prepared according to procedures previously reported in the literature and submitted to thermal degradation at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C during periods of time ranging from 6 to 250 h. Experimental characterization of the parent polymer and the degraded samples was performed employing DSC and double detector SEC techniques. Values of T g , molecular weight distributions and averages, molecular dimensions and scaling laws coefficients were thus obtained. THF solutions of this polymer at 25 °C are below ⊖ conditions although the chain behaves as a random coil. Molecular dimensions of degraded samples are noticeably smaller than those of nondegraded samples of the same molecular weight. Extrapolation to unperturbed conditions gives values of C N = 12 and 7, respectively, for original and degraded samples. Molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out seeking for the conformational properties of the chain which allowed the formulation of a RIS model whose application provides theoretical values of the molecular dimensions in good agreement with experimental results measured for the nondegraded sample.


A design approach of an integrated guidance and control of missile-borne embedded computer system is proposed in this paper, which utilizes a multi-core DSP as the central data processing unit and a FPGA as the co-processing unit. The approach takes advantages of the multi-core processor's resources, which provides a powerful hardware platform base for data processing, data transmission and complex algorithm implementation in high speed and capacity. Aiming at real-time parallel processing, this paper splits and maps the processing tasks of system to each processor core evenly in the master-slave mode.


The assessment of quality about multimedia teaching courseware is one of the main contents in modern educational quality evaluation.In order to objectively and impartially evaluate multimedia courseware,a relatively perfect evaluation system of multimedia courseware was designed and developed combining ASP technology and ACCESS database according to the existing evaluation index system for multimedia courseware.The system achieved the functions,such as courseware uploading,downloading and evaluating etc.The system is stable and easy to operate.The evaluation results are scientific and reasonable.It provides a visual platform to evaluation multimedia courseware online and has some practical value.


1. Summary. A distribution analogous to the canonical distribution used in testinig the general linear hypothes:s is developed for Model II analysis of variance for balanced classifications. As in the case of Model I analysis of variance, this standard distribution exhibits the sums of squares going into the analysis of variance table. By use of the standard form it is also shown that (i) all exact F-tests used in testing hypotheses based on balanced multiple classifications determine uniformly most powerful (u.m.p.) similar regions although they are not likelihood ratio (L.R.) tests, but (ii) in the balanced one-way classification, for all practical purposes, the test is an L.R. test, and is u.m.p. invariant. An exact F-test exists when we have a sum of squares, Si distributed as (k + a') times a chi-square variate, where k > 0, independently of S2, which is distributed as k times a chi-square variate. The test is then to reject the hypothesis that go = 0 whenever S1/S2 is greater than some suitably chosen number, c. As a corollary to property (i) it is shown that "of all invariant tests of o = 0 against co > 0 whose power is a function of o/(k + To) only, the test S1/S2 > c is most powerful, providing Si and S2, as defined above can be found." 2. Notation and terminology. We use the notation po(x) for the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the vector-valued random variable, X, which depends on the vector-valued parameter 0 - Q, where S2 will always represent the unrestricted parameter space. This notation is generic so that p may not be the same density each time it appears. The difference in functional form is indicated by the change in variable. The actual form will always be clear from the context. This same generic nlotation will be used for constants; c will usually be a constant, not necessarily the same one each time it appears. It will be clear from the context when c is not a constant. The subspace of Q specified by the hypothesis being tested will be denoted by co. No confusion will be caused when dealing with the hypothesis H: 0 E w if we sometimes speak of co rather than H as the hypothesis. By a test of anl hypothesis we mean any measurable function (p(x) with the property that 0 ? (p(x) < 1. When X is observed to take on the value x one rejects H with probability (p(x).


This paper examines D. H. Hwang's changes in representations of Asian women and his search for subjectivity as a minor writer in Yellow Face (2007)....


Greek and Roman ethnographic writers provide information about the bardic poets of Cisalpine Gaul and Transalpine Gaul, as well as the character of their poetry. Among the fragmentary epigraphic records of the Cisalpine Celtic and Transalpine Celtic languages, furthermore, a number have been claimed to display poetic features such as alliteration, rhyme, and non-standard word order. The poetic features of two inscriptions whose status as poems can hardly be doubted are discussed.


Sampled measurement data stream is controlled in an electrical network by measuring at least one measurement value in a remote device; detecting in the remote device at least one phenomenon of interest or request for a connection from the central device; activating by the remote device a communication channel for sampled measured values between the remote device and a central device in response to the detection of the phenomenon of interest or the request for a connection from the central device; and sending the measurement value from the remote device to the central device through the communication channel for sampled measured values.


The invention provides a cervical vertebra rehabilitation device provided with electrical stimulation treatment, which comprises a pillow body and is characterized in that the middle part of an arc surface is provided with a head pillow region and a neck pillow region, the head pillow region is provided with a body surface electrode corresponding to the part of a Fengchi point of the head, the body surface electrode comprises an electrode piece fixed on the top surface of the pillow body and a wire connected with the electrode piece, the electrode piece is of a circular convex structure, the neck pillow region is set to be of a silica gel structure, the neck pillow region is provided with a medicine slot at the part corresponding to a Dazhui point of the neck, and a heating lamp and a wire I connected with the heating lamp are arranged below the medicine slot. According to the invention, the pillow is provided with the body surface electrode and the medicine slot corresponding to the Fengchi point of the head and the Dazhui point of the neck respectively, stable stimulation current is effectively loaded to the Fengchi point through the body surface electrode, blood circulation of the cervical vertebra is prompted, medicinal treatment is carried out on the Dazhui point through medicine, the two modes are used in a mixed manner, thereby being good in effect of reducing the pain of cervical vertebra patients, obviously improving the sleep quality of the cervical vertebra patients, and being good in cervical vertebra rehabilitation effect.


The International standards related with the stressed receiver sensitivity in OMA in GE-PON, technical data and test principle have been introduced, The test results of 10Gb/s optical trans-receiver optical modules in GE-PON have been reported; They pointed out the test penalty of stressed receiver sensitivity.


ABSTRACT Savvy marketers understand that they are not in the business of selling products or services. They are in the business of building and maintaining strong, enduring brands that sell and sell and sell. The key to building and maintaining strong, enduring brands is advertising with a compelling story and a strategic focus ("strategic storied advertising"). Advertising with a compelling story and a strategic focus works to create meaning for the brand and give it an appealing identity and personality that in turn work to create an emotional connection with the consumer. We are storied creatures. Our life is a story. We communicate through telling and listening to stories. Strong, enduring brands use the power of story and/or mythic images to create (or represent) mytho-symbolic brand building worlds. These mytho-symbolic worlds are often drawn from archetypal (universal) stories, characters, beliefs, etc. that exist within our culture … and our collective psyche. Storied brands come to represent appealing mytho-symbolic worlds, with their own mythology, symbolism, and values, that work to maintain and reinforce the brand's identity, personality, and emotional connection with the consumer.


PURPOSE
The BELIEF Instrument is a cultural interviewing tool for preclinical medical students that does not require diagnostic or therapeutic skills.

METHODS
An expert panel developed and taught the instrument to 200 first-year medical students in (1) a didactic session, (2) standardized patient interviews, and (3) clinical correlation sessions with community physicians and third-year medical students. Standardized patients evaluated students on the BELIEF questions in a graded interview.

RESULTS
A total of 93.5% (range 86% to 97%) of 197 students elicited information on each of the BELIEF items.

CONCLUSIONS
The BELIEF instrument works as a cultural interviewing tool. It is unknown if students' interviewing behavior generalizes to real patients in clinical settings.


Objective To study the role and mechanism of nitric oxide(NO) in nucleus raphe magnus(NRM) during the processes of pain regulation and electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA),by observing the effects of microinjection of L-arginine(L-Arg) into the NRM on the pain threshold(PT) and EAA.Methods The PT was determined by tail flick latency,i.e.the time for causing tail flick in hot water (50±0.5℃).Results Microinjection of L-Arg(1mmol)into NRM had no effects on the PT,but 2mmol,4mmol and 8mmol L-Arg decreased it.The dose depending analgesia was demonstrated.When L-Arg (8mmol) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) 30 minute was used,the PT was much more decreasing than that in normal saline+EA group.Conclusion NO in NRM take part in the physiopathologic process of pain and EAA. An increase of NO in NRM obviously decreased PT and EAA.


Potential Indonesian palm oil showed that palm oil agribusiness role in the economy community, national and global. Environmental issues are closely linked to oil palm agribusiness one of them as a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Riau Province is the largest palm oil producer in Indonesia, amounted to 7.3336 million tons with 146 units Palm Oil mill (POM). POM X is one which POM in the province of Riau. Total emissions resulting from palm oil mill X is 1,383,336.559 CO2 equivalent / year, with the largest emissions come from the use a boiler is 79%. Then followed with from diesel use is 18% and wastewater treatment is 3%. Mitigation measures to reduce GHG emissions in the POM X by capture methane gas into biogas. This method can reduce GHG emissions from the treatment of wastewater in the POM X is 89.261%.


Previous research has estimated failure rates in introductory programming courses to be as high as 50% in universities around the world. These high incidences of failure have also led to negative attitudes towards programming. This paper takes a look at the Introduction to Programming course offered at the University of Technology, Jamaica. Pre-and post test programming scores were used to measure academic performance, while a survey derived from a modified Fennema-Sherman mathematics attitudes scale was used to measure student attitude towards programming. Three sub-categories were used for the measurement of attitudes, namely, personal confidence in learning programming, usefulness of programming and the perception of teacher motivation. Results indicate little evidence of a positive effect of peer tutoring on the academic performance of students. It also reveals that attitude, and in particular, confidence in learning programming, plays an important role in students' academic performance. This paper discusses the design of the study and analyzes the results gathered


The present invention is a) a gas source and, b having a predetermined purity (28)) wherein to use the gas and producing the application system (6) for adding a contaminant to the gas, c) the purified gas and the off gas a suction system (1) and, d) a gas purity analyzer (100) for measuring the amount of said contaminants in said waste gas, e) a gas source (4) for removing the contaminants from the gas to said application system, said application relates to a system for gas recovery system comprising a conduit (5, 8, 9, 13, 15) for connection to said suction system. A gas source, the following systems, absorption systems, gas purity analyzer, conduit


A significant question is what role does newly-formed expansive Mineral growth play in the premature deterioration of concrete? These minerals formed in cement paste as a result of chemical reactions involving cement and coarse/fine aggregate. Petrographic observations and SEM/EDAX analysis were conducted in order to determine chemical and mineralogical changes in the aggregate and cement paste of samples taken from Iowa concrete highways that showed premature deterioration. Mechanisms involved in deterioration were investigated. Ettringite, 3CaOAl203-3CaSO4 -32H20, completely fills many small voids and occurs as rims lining the margin of larger voids. Microscopic ettringite is common disseminated throughout the paste in many samples. Severe cracking of cement paste causing premature deterioration is often closely associated with ettringite locations, and strongly suggests that ettringite contributed to deterioration. Pyrite, FeS2, is commonly present in coarse/fine aggregates, and its oxidation products is observed in many concrete samples. Pyrite oxidation provides sulfate ions for ettringite formation. The oxidation of pyrite in aggregate particles appears to be affected by several factors such as aggregate type, aggregate reactivity, and pyrite size and location. Ettringite is most common in poorly performing concretes. Brucite, Mg(OH)2, is another potentially expansive mineral that forms in cement paste of concretes containing reactive dolomite aggregate as a result of partial dedolomitization of the aggregate. No cracking was observed to be spatially associated with brucite, but most brucite was microscopic in size and widely disseminated in the cement paste of less durable concretes. Expansion stresses associated with its growth at innumerable microlocations may be relieved by cracking at weaker locations in the concrete. A second objective was to investigate whether deicer solutions exacerbate the formation of expansive minerals and concrete deterioration. Each deicer salt causes characteristic concrete deterioration by altering dedolomitization rims at the coarse aggregate paste interface, altering cement paste and/or formation of new minerals. Magnesium in deicer solutions causes the most severe paste deterioration by forming non-cementitious magnesium silicate hydrate and brucite. Chloride in deicer solutions promotes decalcification of paste and alters ettringite to chloroaluminate. CMA and Mg-acetate produces the most deleterious effects on concrete, with Ca-acetate being much less severe. HR-384 Iowa Concrete Deterioration and Expansive Mineral Growth file:///H|/PROJEC~1/MATERI~1/eengle/MYWEBS~1/RESEAR~1/ABSTRA~1/hr384.htm [2/20/2001 8:02:06 AM]


Climate Change has a wide range of impacts and exacerbate existing poverty related problems such as availability of fresh water in developing countries. Kenya is onesuch country that experiences ramifications of climate change which heavily impact on the populace. This research was conducted in Murang'a East district in Murang'a County in Kenya. The study was primarily to establish the level of awareness on climate change and Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting (RRwH) in public primary schools. The main objective was to find out factors affecting the adoption of RRwH with a focus on level of awareness on climate change issues, awareness of RRwH among decision makers, sources of water supply and the constraints against adoption of RRwH. Using a descriptive survey design, a sample of 384 respondents was randomly selected. Data obtained from constructed questionnaires was collated and statistically analysed by use of SPSS. Results showed that there was a correlation between level of climate change awareness, economic activities, at tr, = -.181, P = .000), and leadership the calculated statistic l = 7_890 was found to be less than the tabled critical value of·l = 8.132 at a 0.080. Sources of water were significant to the assurance of supply X2 ,:;; 45.481~ df= 44.916, p= 2.6f The study found out that, lack of fundswas-the major hindrance to the adoption of RR wH in all the education zones. Lack of awareness and loweducation were other major factors contributing to non adoption of RRwH. The study concluded that the media was the leading medium of climate change effect informatioa dissemination. Climate change effect has been felt on the ground with the respondents confirming that they had been affected. Climate change had affected water supply to schools leading to disruption of supply leading to increased waterborne diseases, lower standards of hygiene and reduced learning time. This study recommends that a multi-prolonged approach which entailed incorporation of climate change awareness into the education curriculum, greater sensitization, exploitation of church and the involvement of community leaders would serve the purpose of awareness creation. There is also a need to develop and to legislate for a framework for buildings to include provisions for RRwH.


As the hardener for metallic oxide aggregates or metallic aggregates,when spread onto the initial-set concrete surface,corundum can improve the ground wearing resistance,meeting such requirement as is for carriageway.


The present invention relates to a plastic optical fiber end surface processing method, the method of connecting the processing apparatus, the cutting blade and the optical fiber. The processing method in the semicircular cutting edges, at least a core portion of the optical fiber end surface machining of plastic into hemispherical. The processing apparatus having: a motor; cutting edges by means of connecting member or directly connected with the drive shaft of the electric motor; a through hole, the cutting edge is inserted into the through hole of the middle of the jig; inserted from one side of the POF the through hole in the jig, at least a portion of the core plastic optical-fiber end face machining turning on the cutting edges. The present invention is not only capable of cutting plastic optical fiber end surface into a convex hemispherical surface, and can change according to the shape of the cutting edge, cutting into a concave hemispherical surface, and any shape.


The track level measurement based on multi-sensor information fusion is studied. The Kalman filter and weighted fusion estimation algorithm is used to fuse the angle sensor and the measurement data of MEMS gyroscope. It can be seen that the experimental data of the weighted fusion is more close to the real value of the MEMS gyroscope, and the random drift of MEMS gyroscope is reduced to a certain extent.


The articles in this special section examine the market for autonomous and connected vehicles. The automotive industry is transitioning toward connected, autonomous, and electric vehicles; offering contextual, intelligent, and personal consumer experiences; and innovating disruptive ecosystems and business models such as car sharing and hailing services. All of these are primarily driven by fast-moving technology and innovations from 5G communication, cloud and edge computing platforms to artificial intelligence and big data. These changes are predicted to dominate our lives in about 10 years, leading to significant consumer and business values, including improved traffic and safety, smart journey management, cleaner environments, intelligent and personal mobility experiences, and competitive cost management. Similar to companies like Apple, Google, and Baidu heavily investing in connected and autonomous vehicles, car manufacturers are moving to be more like software companies in their use of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to understand the driving context and consumer behavior. These days, a car is not just for going from point A to point B; rather, it delivers a holistic experience that revolves around our daily activities, with the future being the autonomous vehicle.


Multiple classifier combination (or ensemble method) has been shown to be very helpful in improving the performance of classification over single classifier approach. The diversity among base classifiers (or ensemble members) is important when constructing a classifier ensemble. Although there have been several measures of diversity, but there is no reliable measure that can predict the ensemble accuracy. The base classifiers accuracy will increase when the diversity decreases and this is known as the accuracy-diversity dilemma. This paper presents a new method to measure diversity in classifier ensembles. Furthermore another parameter which based on this diversity measure is defined. It is hope that the new parameter will be able to predict the ensemble accuracy. Based on experimental results on classification of 84 samples of fruit images using nearest mean classifier ensembles, it has been shown that there is a positive linear relationship between the new parameter and the ensemble accuracy. This parameter is expected to assist in constructing diverse and accurate ensemble.


The article presents theoretical research of a transmission system that allows examination of the dynamic processes evaluating different sizes of defects in gear tooth (0%, 20%, 50%, 80% of teeth width) and gaps between the connection of the gear teeth. The dynamics of the transmission is described using the finite element method and discreet elements. This paper presents and analyzes the results of mathematical experiments on this system.


Many contemporary issues of happiness stem from the great historical theory of philosophy.This paper systematically analyzes the delimitation of well-being,the development of measure technology and tools,the state and the results of research on well-being at home and abroad with the method of literature review.At the final part it discusses the future research direction so as to supply a reference to academic researchers with the nature of well-being and development trend of the research.


From the viewpoint of some authoritative research results that the definition about the computer science, some relative knowledge system, computing subject in IEEE/CS and ACM, and the catalogue about college majors from Ministry of Education of China, the essay discusses the key point and relative measures in the computer science and technology subject development.


A switchable and tunable dual-wavelength Yb-Doped fiber laser was implemented with an asymmetric exposure phase-shifted long-period fiber grating inserted in the ring cavity. The asymmetric exposure phase shifted long-period fiber grating, which was fabricated by a CO2 laser, acts as a dual-wavelength filter with anisotropic transmission spectrum under different states of polarization. The wavelength switching and tuning is attributed to the polarization and bending characteristics of the asymmetric phase-shifted long-period fiber gratings respectively. It shows the possibility to achieve simultaneously switchable and tunable dual-wavelength Yb-Doped fiber lasers in an all-fiber format.


This paper proposes an improved state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) attitude control approach which is applied in an unmanned helicopter (UMH). To deal with inherent unstable dynamics, the flapping, rotational dynamics and translational motion of UMH are organized into a multi-timescale nonlinear model. To overcome the problem that a number of terms can't be accounted in the SDRE design, we employ a nonlinear feedforward compensator that is designed to match the vehicle response to the model used in the SDRE design. To avoid the nonlinear feedforward compensator's disadvantage of being directly affected by parametric disturbances, we reform the design method and add a proportion+ integral (PI) controller. SDRE is solved by "θ-D" method. The speed controller uses traditional PID techniques. Simulation results show satisfactory tracking performance of the designed control system.


This paper presents a hybrid method for learning a dynamic strategy for a robot soccer team. In this method, an imitation learning scheme based on observed robot soccer games is used as a seed for an experience-guided learning scheme based on reinforcement learning. A lack in the application of classic reinforcement learning to the robot soccer problem is the high number of states to be analyzed. In order to reduce this number, the proposed method was implemented using state abstraction and it was applied only in states and actions obtained by imitation. Thus, the algorithm was not applied over all states and actions as the traditional form of reinforcement learning. This approach was shown to be a good option for implementing a robot soccer team that improves its own performance while it acquires more experience. Keywords— Robot Soccer, Learning by Experience, Imitation Learning, Reinforcement Learning.


Objective To establish a syndrome diagnostic criterion for rheumatoid arthritis( RA) and validate the diagnostic performance of the criteria. Methods We drew up a RA clinical syndrome questionnaire and applied cross-sectional study method. 700 RA patients were surveyed. Then survey information underwent multivariate statistical analysis,including cluster analysis,logistic stepwise regression analysis,stepwise discriminant analysis,principal component analysis,and factor analysis. The diagnostic performance of RA syndrome diagnostic criteria was validated with discriminant analysis. Results Diagnostic indicators of 700 RA patients were reduced from 179 to 124 after first screening; cluster analysis showed that the basic syndromes were damp-heat stagnation,liver-kidney yin deficiency,stagnation of blood stasis,cold-damp stagnation,blood and qi deficiency,phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals,and spleen-kidney yang deficiency. By Logistic stepwise regression analysis,the diagnostic indicators of these 7 syndromes were reduced from 124 to 41. Forty six diagnostic indicators were added after stepwise discriminant analysis. Summing up the indicators above,we confirmed that there were 52 sensitive diagnostic indicators for 7 basic syndromes of RA. And after principal component analysis was applied on these 52 indicators,47 remained. Factor analysis then was done on the 47 indicators. According to contributions of the symptoms to the syndrome,syndrome diagnostic criteria of 7 RA basic syndrome types were developed. It is proved with discriminant analysis that the diagnostic accuracy of the criteria was 83. 39%. Conclusion There are 7 basic TCM syndromes in RA,and TCM syndrome diagnostic criteria of RA have a relatively high diagnostic value.


Growing concern about the end of non-renewable fuel reserves, which is estimated to occur in five or six decades, as well as growing concern about the environment, causes new outlets to be sought to find sources and alternative produce energy in the country and in the world. Brazil, which despite having a considerable amount of oil and gas reserves, recently discovered pre-salt reserves, further boosting investments in the fossil fuel production sector, also has great potential for cane and oilseeds due to their vast territorial extension,
and favorable hydrography, in addition to the fact that for many decades the country has its economic base turned to agriculture, being leader in techniques of planting of several species. In view of the agricultural potential of our country and the need to search for alternative energy sources,
is that this work aims to characterize the coconut oil that will be used later in the production of biodiesel by ethanol, since coconut and sugarcane being consolidated crops in Brazil and the state of Sergipe, this fact alone justifies the choice of these raw materials in this work. Thus, initially coconut oil samples were collected from the region,
the objective of which was to characterize and analyze its physicochemical properties, comparing with those of other regions, where it was verified with the results that the parameters studied are within the values established by Portaria no. 255 of ANP - Agencia Nacional de Petroleo. From these results, the processes of biodiesel production by the ethylic route will be studied through the transesterification process, varying the composition of the reactants and the catalysts as well as the process conditions, aiming at innovation and technological development of the region.


The term has previously been translated as "grate"' and "carrier,"2 and its Greek original, 06pro4, certainly indicates that some sort of support for carrying loads is implicit in its meaning.3 It is therefore surprising that R. Goujard, the Bude editor and translator of Cato, has chosen to link the Latin with 06pros, meaning "charge," and his translation is incorrect in identifying fortax with the arched material load placed in the kiln for firing.4 A better understanding of the term comes from study of the archaeology of lime-burning kilns.5 In plan, Roman lime kilns were generally either circular or oval and often squat and squarish in section. A ledge usually ran round the interior either as a freestanding feature against the kiln side or as a recess in the wall. The charge would be bedded from this and thereby kept away from direct association with the fire. Experimental firings in a restored kiln at Iversheim, West Germany, indicate this might have been best facilitated by forming a dome of the limestone or other material to be calcined over a wooden framework which rested on the ledge. More stone would then be added to fill the space above with the result that as the frame burnt away during firing, the charge would settle and become self-supporting.6 Cato's use of the term fortax occurs in that section of his chapter dealing with the design of the lime kiln and ahead of his directions for loading and firing, so it would appear to refer to a permanent structural feature. We might therefore translate the relevant passage as "Build the kiln well, ensuring that a ledge (fortax) goes round the entire kiln chamber at the bottom." BRIAN Dix Kettering, England


It has been shown by Paczy\'nski that gravitational microlensing is potentially a useful method for detecting the dark constituents of the halo of our galaxy, if their mass lies in the approximate domain $10^{-6}<M/M_\odot<10^{-1}$. Microlensing observations now im progress monitor several millions of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud and in the Galactic Bulge. Here I discuss the main features of the microlensing events: in particular their rates and probability.


82 e-mentor nr 5 (37) The role of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) like Moodle, OLAT, Dokeos or Blackboard is to aggregate educational content and to provide a communication platform for students and their teachers in e-learning and blended learning scenarios. A VLE offers usually a collection of general purpose tools for content authoring, remote collaboration, assessment and user management. The progress in computer-aided education, as well as the raising expectations of students require stepping up in the e-learning services beyond the generic tools offered by traditional VLEs. In the very specific field of medical education such services include e.g. presentation of virtual patient cases, tools for distant medical consultations or medical workflows authoring. A virtual patient (VP) is defined as "an interactive computer simulation of reallife clinical scenarios for the purpose of medical training, education, or assessment". A great variety of virtual patient systems, differing significantly in the applied data models, navigation methods, and supported learning designs is available. European projects like eViP (electronic Virtual Patients) aim at collecting virtual patient cases for exchange and repurpose. Integration Scenarios of Virtual Learning Environments with Virtual Patients Systems


Thank you very much for reading the comfort zone. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this the comfort zone, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer. the comfort zone is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the comfort zone is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Title of Dissertation Discriminating Between the Extended Exponential Geometric Distribution and the Gamma Distribution Author Mr. Prasong Kitidamrongsuk Degree Doctor of Philosophy (Statistics) Year 2010 The proposed test called ELT is a goodness of fit test for discriminating between the family of the extended exponential geometric (EEG) distributions and the family of the Gamma distributions. The corresponding test statistic T is developed based on the empirical Laplace transform 0 ( ) t ( , ) tx k t x e = ( where the argument value t maximizes ) ( ) ; n X L t L t θ − and θ is replaced by its MLE θ̂ . It is verified that T converges in distribution to N(0 , 1). Performance of the proposed test is compared via Monte Carlo studies to that of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov (KS) test and the test based on the empirical moment generating function (EMGF) proposed by Epps et al. (1982) in two aspects, namely, estimated values of Type I error rates and power of the tests for various situations. It is found that the ELT and EMGF test can control the Type I error rate much better than the KS test in all situations. In addition, the ELT test seems to be more conservative than the EMGF test, that is, values of empirical Type I error rate ( 0 ( ) t α̂ ) of ELT test are less than those of EMGF test in many situations especially when values of shape parameter are small (γ = 0.1). However, the differences are small and close to zero as n gets large. Further, under the alternative distribution of a Gamma family, empirical power values of the KS test are somewhat higher than those of the ELT and EMGF tests when sample size n is small, but as n increases, empirical power values of the ELT and EMGF tests increase and are much higher than those of the KS test. It is noticed that empirical power values of the ELT


This work focuses on the intellectual production of Portantiero linked to the work of Antonio Gramsci. To do this, he reviews some moments of his work taking care of the sociopolitical and the different configurations of the intellectual field context. The main objective of this article is to attend the meeting Portantiero with Gramsci's work deciphering the modulations that acquires reception in his work, considering the way it operated as a breaking point at times of political and intellectual trajectory and how at the same time it made sense to occupy a prominent place in the intellectual field.


bacteria strains were isolated from traditional fermented food (Soumbala, Bikalga, indigenous yoghurt and fermented milk) using microbiology standard methods. Morphological and biochemistry analyses were done. Nine strains were selected as presumed belonging to lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These strains were characterized at species level by amplifying 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of different LAB using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers. Strains S3, S4, Y6 and Lf1 belonged to the genus Lactobacillus; and strains S2, S5, Y1, Y3 and Y5 to genus Lactococcus. The nine strains were tested for their antimicrobial activity. These activities were detected in cell-free culture supernatant fluids against Micrococcus luteus as indicator strain. The agar well diffusion methods was used for this purpose. All the nine strains were able to inhibit the growth of Micrococcus luteus. The strain S3 produced antimicrobial compounds that showed the highest inhibition zone (20.83 mm) and strain Y6 showed the lowest inhibition zone (08.25mm). The bacteriocin-like gene was amplified using specific primers. The antimicrobial compounds produced by the strains except strain Y1 can be assimilated to bacteriocins according to the tests performed. The kinetics studies were performed for optimum pH and determination of growth temperature of each strain. The result showed that strain Y5 can grew at pH 5.5 and 37°C and the maximum specific growth rate are respectively 0.175 h -1 and 0.150 h-1.


Superresolution (SR) is an important compensatory mean for geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites because of their low spatial resolution caused by orbital height. The multiple-image SR (MISR) methods generally have better reconstruction effects than single-image SR (SISR) methods. However, MISR methods require multiple images of the same place, which are susceptible to geometric distortion and radiation differences. Gaofen-4 (GF-4) is a GEO satellite equipped with a visible-light and near-infrared (VNIR) sensor and provides images with five bands. Based on the similarity of spatial information between different bands, this paper proposes an SISR method suitable for GF-4 VNIR images. The radiation differences are eliminated by extracting texture images. The high-resolution (HR) texture image is reconstructed by projections onto convex sets. The final SR result is fused by HR texture image and upsampled VNIR image. Tested by real GF-4 data, the reconstructed results of this method have better sharpness and more abundant information than comparable methods.


The paper relates to the characters,principle and operating rules of vacuum vapour plating technology.this technology can raise the quantity of three use valve and extend its life.


Abstract : In this note, the authors present what they consider to be a short, direct, and self-contained derivation of the Boggs-Tolle-Wang characterization of q-superlinear convergence for quasi-Newton methods for constrained optimization. While they have stated that the three previous derivations (Boggs, Tolle, and Wang; Fontecilla, Steihaug, and Tapia; and Nocedal and Overton) leave something to be desired, they quickly add that the present work was strongly influenced by these three papers. Indeed, the basic idea that led to the present derivation was to attempt to parallel the Nocedal-Overton derivation using a formulation of the quasi-Newton method that possessed the attribute that all necessary differentiations could be obtained in a straightforward manner. As they have seen, one of the formulations suggested by Tapia possesses this property.


Thirteen species of the gastropod family Aporrhaidae can be distinguished in the European Oligocene and Neogene. All are briefly described here and a number of them is illustrated. Up to now, the most common North Sea Basin Miocene species of Aporrhais was known as Aporrhais (Ap.) alata (Eichwald, 1830). This taxon, however, is based on specimens from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of Poland, which are now classified with the Miocene to Recent Aporrhais (Ap.) pespelecani (L., 1758) or Aporrhais (Ap.) uttingeriana (Risso, 1826) (Baluk, 1995). This change in identification requires a new name for the North Sea Basin form, herein described as Aporrhais (Ap.) dingdenensis spec. nov. This is another example of the development of a highly endemic Neogene gastropod fauna in the North Sea Basin, without much contact with the Atlantic in the Southwest or the Paratethys to the East.


Beneliting from emerging resistance-switching mem- ory technologies, crosspoint array has become an attractive array architecture to obtain high storage density. Among the emerging technologies, Spin-Transfer Torque magnetic memory (STT-MRAM) is a potential candidate as storage class memory (SCM) or static/dynamic RAM replacement due to its high write speed, scalability and other interesting characteristics. In this paper, we present a variation-aware comprehensive analysis of the boundary conditions for write and read requirements for the implementation of crosspoint STT-MRAM Arrays. The results of the analysis are very useful as design guide and for choosing a suitable selector device for Crosspoint STT-MRAM arrays.


We quantified variation in the mass of drumming muscles (the sound-producing musculature) among individ- ual Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L., 1758) for comparison with other evidence on the role of sexual selection in the evolution of sound production by this species. Based on 913 cod sampled from the Western Scotian Shelf in 2001- 2002, we found that males had drumming muscles that were larger than those of females and that increased in mass prior to spawning and declined thereafter. Drumming muscle mass was highly variable, particularly among males, and generally more variable than other morphological traits (somatic mass and body length). This pattern of drumming muscle variation is consistent with the hypothesis that drumming muscles are influenced by sexual selection and sug- gests that sound production by males during the spawning season has fitness benefits, perhaps through a role in mate competition. Drumming muscle mass of spawning males was also positively associated with body size, condition, and fertilization potential, suggesting that sound production may be an indicator of the size of the signaler and may reveal information about individual quality. In conjunction with previous studies of sound production by Atlantic cod, our study underscores the potential importance of sound production to cod spawning behaviour.


Biological management of weeds has become an interesting priority for many farmers and researchers across the globe. In order to determine germination and early growth response of some weed species and corn to presence of rye and common vetch residues in soil, an outdoor pot study was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2013. Treatments were included of addition of ground residues of rye and common vetch and a mixture of them to pots containing seeds of Echinochloacrus-galli, Setariaviridis, Chenopodium album, Amaranthusretroflexus, Xanthium strumarium, and Zeamays. According to the results addition of rye and common vetch residues resulted in reducing the shoot and root dry weight of all tested weeds while corn was not affected. Mixing residue of rye and common vetch resulted in the highest reduction of weight of shoot and root of all treated weed species. It can be suggested that incorporating of rye and common vetch residues into the soil can reduce the population and competition of weeds in corn. Both rye and common vetch selectively reduced weeds seed germination of weed species while corn was not significantly influenced


Explosive volcanic jets present an unusual dynamic situation of reversing buoyancy. Their initially negative buoyancy with respect to ambient fluid first opposes the motion, but can change sign to drive a convective plume if a sufficient amount of entrainment occurs. The key unknown is the entrainment behaviour for the initial flow regime in which buoyancy acts against the momentum jet. To describe and constrain this regime, we present an experimental study of entrainment into turbulent jets of negative and reversing buoyancy. Using an original technique based on the influence of the injection radius on the threshold between buoyant convection and partial collapse, we show that entrainment is significantly reduced by negative buoyancy. We develop a new theoretical parameterization of entrainment as a function of the local (negative) Richardson number that (i) predicts the observed reduction of entrainment and (ii) introduces a similarity drift in the velocity and buoyancy profiles as a function of distance from source. This similarity drift allows us to reconcile the different estimates found in the literature for entrainment in plumes.


The nutrition compositions of dried apple pulp from 10 fruit juice factories of Shanxi province were determined with feed determination method issued in China. The results showed that water, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and crude ash are 77.8 %, 6.2 %, 6.8 %, 16.9 % and 2.3 %, respectively in dried apple pulp, Calaium 0.06 %, Phosphorue 0.06 %, total carbohydrate 15.8 %. Trace elements Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Se are 11.8, 158.0, 15.4, 14.0 and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. Amino acid content is similar to that of dried sweet potato. Heary metal content and insecticide remainant are lower than health standard of feed and food in China. Thus, it is safe to use dried apple pulp as feed to pig, cattle, goat and sheep.


The power law process model the Rate of occurrence of failures(ROCOF) with monotonic trend during the operating time. However, the power law process is inappropriate when a non-monotonic trend in the failure data is observed. In this paper we deals with the reliability modeling of the failure process of large and complex repairable system whose rate of occurrence of failures shows the non-monotonic trend. We suggest a sectional model and a change-point test based on the Schwarz information criterion(SIC) to describe the non-monotonic trend. Maximum likelihood is also suggested to estimate parameters of sectional model. The suggested methods are applied to field data from an repairable system.


This brief paper considers synchronization dynamics in networked mass-spring-damper (MSD) oscillator systems with nonlinear spring interaction. Based on stability theory on dynamical system, algebraic graph theory, and some matrix theory, an exact solution of synchronization state for such networked oscillator systems is derived analytically. It is shown that the networked MSD oscillator systems can be synchronized to a simple harmonic motion, even if the isolated oscillator is chaotic or others complex dynamics. Finally, the results are applied to a typical chain networked mechanical systems composing of six MSD oscillators and numerical simulations are given to verify the correctness of the theoretical results.


The author analyzes the content of the materials of the newspaper "Tambov Zemstvo Herald", published in March 1917. As a zemstvo body, formally non-party, this newspaper was very popular among the population. Often the editors published the letters of ordinary people, peasants, who turned to the newspaper as to the last hope for justice. The author considers the features of the coverage of social and political events in Tambov province by the newspaper editorial board, researches meeting activity and people's expectations from the new authorities during the first days after the news about February revolutionary events of 1917 in Petrograd.


INTRODUCTIONAfter 1989, Hungarian politicians rarely referred to France as a model. However, the right wing Hungarian government instated in 2010, the politicians and intellectuals around the governing party Fidesz - Alliance of Young Democrats, frequently refer to French Gaullism as a source of inspiration. This may either mean that 1) Gaullism and the political figure/work of de Gaulle serve as example to be followed by Hungarian politicians; 2) or that they are simply instrumentalized to the benefit of Fidesz.When forming his government in 2010, Viktor Orban stated that the Hungarian situation was similar to France in 1958, because both countries suffered from a leadership crisis1. In early 2012, Viktor Orban referred to de Gaulle as a role model, while also mentioning the concept of "grandeur nationale" so dear the famous French president2. In October of the same year, without however mentioning the French case, Orban elaborated on the idea of leadership, claiming that a presidential system would be perhaps more able to cope with difficult reforms and decisions than a parliamentary one3. Viktor Orban is not the only member of government to refer to de Gaulle or to the French case: in August 2012, then Vice-Prime Minister Tibor Navracsics also emphasized the similarities between the Hungarian situation and de Gaulle's France during the 1950s, their common characteristic being the rapid setting up of a new political system4. In December 2012, when students filled the streets of Budapest, protesting against the education reform of the government, a debate about the similarities between 2012 Hungary and 1968 France was engaged in the blogosphere and the press5. Last but not least, the de Gaulle-Orban comparison received international coverage, most notably on the pages of the French Le Monde newspaper6.This paper asserts that indeed Gaullism is a viable analogy for better understanding the nature of Orbanism, not because the latter is a Hungarian version of the former, but because the similarities and differences between them can serve a better understanding of Orbanism. Is Gaullism the genuine source of inspiration for Victor Orban and his party in government, or is it only a piece of a party identity-building strategy? We will not really address this question here, which calls for a thorough qualitative inquiry on Hungarian politics. Instead, we will use the comparison for heuristic purposes.At first glance, there are striking similarities between the two political movements: the accession to power during a period of crisis, the political weakness of the predecessors, the personal charisma of the leader, the high importance given to the nation and to preserving its sovereignty, a sovereignist conception of the European Union, a tendency to make use of discretionary executive power, the accusations of systemic authoritarianism. These similarities are sufficient reasons for engaging in a deeper comparative analysis. This paper aims makes the first steps in this direction.Firstly, we will define Gaullism for comparative purposes. Secondly, we will clarify what post-2010 "Orbanism" is. Third, we will draw up the first elements of a comparison between Gaullism and Orbanism, and between de Gaulle's France and Orban's post-2010 Hungary. Finally, we will examine the merits and the limits of the analogy.Gaullism: A Certain Idea of FranceHistorians7 showed that Gaullism is a dynamic movement and an ideology "compatible with many practices"8. The General himself was very pragmatic when it came to policies. For instance, de Gaulle was often considered an anti-American and an anti-British politician. If President de Gaulle was reluctant to postwar US dominance, General de Gaulle stood firmly on the side of the Allies during the war and even considered the possibility of a French-British union in 1940 to be able to continue the war against the Third Reich9. The same goes for his allegedly anti-European policies (like the famous "empty chair crisis"), when in truth, the European Community was undoubtedly developing and consolidating during his presidency. …


ered, again and again, around a kitchen table and told stories. What he did not know, is that the stories told tended to incorporate some fragments from Icelandic folk tales. With this fusion of the mundane and the fabulous, of reality and the supernatural, the Gimli-stories remained true to the original Icelandic folk tale. But why would the folk tale serve the subject matter at hand; namely, the vastness of an emigrant's experience? As the reader of this collection of short stories discovers, when confronted with the shortcomings of humanity, and/or society's horrific limits towards its people, the folk tale tends to unveil the very depths of the human being's vulnerability. Simultaneously, the folk tale accommodates the human being's hopeful disposition, and her natural inclinations towards some kind of a force we tend to term supernatural. Given the experience of an emigrant—this person who (more often than not) is forced to leave a place called home in the hope of a better life somewhere else—the depths of the vulnerabilities press in from both sides, and can, indeed, appear endless. Even the Icelandic ghosts on Lake Winnipeg are seen crying in What the Bear Said. When approaching the human being/emigrant's trials and wonders, the generous style of the folk tale does expand the horizon of perspective. In one of the short stories, titled "The New World" (59-63), an Icelandic boy named Gissur is bewitched by the elves. He does return to the world of humans, though, later to become a scholar in Winnipeg, studying philosophy and writing essays and books on "reality, on the seen and the unseen, on the sixth sense, on perception and human limitations" (63). In a way, this is what W. D. Valgardson accomplishes with his collection of short stories: While introducing a certain literary heritage within the context of European emigration to Canada in the latter part of the nineteenth century, he bewitches the reader for awhile in order to provide her with a greater perspective on the vastness of the experience in the life of an emigrant.


Abstract A simple method for the preparation of N-ethyl derivatives of secondary amino tricyclic antidepressants is described, using dimethylformamide diethyl acetal as the alkylating reagent. The GC data and electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra of N-ethyl derivatives are presented. The use of these derivatives in the quantitation of plasma levels of these drugs in clinical studies is discussed.


The aim of this study is to determine students' and mothers' views on how the concepts in the 7th Grade "Force and Energy" unit are learned. In addition, aim is to examine the family contribution to the learning of concepts. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. The participants were 7th grade students studying at the public secondary school in Kocasinan district of Kayseri and their mothers. Data were collected through interviews as one of the qualitative methods. Semi-structured interview form was prepared according to literature review, the 7th grade Science course curriculum objectives and expert opinions.  In this study, extreme case sampling was used and the students were selected according to their Science course achievements.  The participants were four students and their mothers. Qualitative descriptive analysis was utilized for data analysis. As a result of the research, it was observed that the students' families had a contribution on their children's concept learning in Force and Energy.


Conventional passive rectangular duct silencers, which are in widespread use in commercial and industrial applications, employ a bulk absorptive material such as fibreglass, mineral wool or foam to attenuate noise. The majority of test data and calculation schemes used to predict silencer attenuation consider only the acoustic performance at or near room temperature. While such predictions are useful for silencers used in heating and ventilating duct systems, many industrial applications require an estimate of the acoustical performance of the silencer at high temperatures. The use of absorptive silencers to control noise from gas turbine generators is an example of an application in which the extreme operating temperatures (250 to 700°C) can have a significant effect upon silencer insertion loss performance


convertidor se de estados aplicadas al convertidor a fuente de voltaje. Por último, se presentan obtenidos implementación convertidor ABSTRACT During last two decades, several technologies have developed and improved the high voltage direct current systems. The technological growth in power electronics converters has led to increa-se flexibility and modularity for interconnections of alternating current and direct current systems. In this sense, high voltage direct current system based on voltage source converters appear as fe-asible and flexible technology when active and reactive power flow have to be regulated between different power grids. Therefore, for an adequate operation, one of the major challenges is to regulate the direct current voltage and the reactive power flow between the alternating current system and the voltage source converter at the rectifier station. In this document, several methodologies will be explored for modeling, identifying, and designing controllers to regulate the direct current voltage at the common bus, and


PURPOSE: To suppress the deformation of the plating of a semiconductor wafer set in a plating tank and to improve the yield of nondefective chips. CONSTITUTION: This plating device is set below a semiconductor wafer 38 and provided with an anode part 31 consisting of an anode A to expel the bubbles in the plating soln. outside the wafer 38 and a shielding plate B and a partition plate 35 to collect the bubbles and to prevent the flowing of the bubbles toward the lower surface of the wafer 38. Consequently, the bubbles in the plating soln. are not sent to the lower surface of the wafer 38, and plating is conducted. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The mechanisms for photoinitiated methyl migration of methylindenes in solution and the gas phase have been studied with the 13 C-labeled substrates [1- 13 C]-2-methylindene ([1- 13 C]-2-MI) and [3- 13 C]-3-methylindene ([3- 13 C]-3-MI). Photolysis of [1- 13 C]-2-MI in hexane produces 1- and 3-methylindene products labeled at C2, consistent with the previously proposed skeletal rearrangement mechanism. Photolysis of the labeled substrates in the gas phase gives products with labeling patterns consistent with the operation of two mechanisms, skeletal rearrangement and alkyl-shift chemistry (the latter accompanied by hydrogen shifts). The presence of a collisional quenching gas (butane) in the gas-phase photolysis reduces the role of the alkyl-shift mechanism and increases the contribution of skeletal rearrangement. It is proposed that, for these alkylindenes the alkyl and hydrogen shifts derive from an upper electronically or vibrationally excited state while skeletal rearrangement is characteristic of a vibrationally relaxed S 1 state


can be largely post-mortem artifacts. It does, however, seem probable that chloroform can exert an injurious effect on the liver in at least two ways. The first is a direct hepatotoxic one with focal hepatic necrosis and ballooning of the hepatic cells. The hepatic lesions are virtually reproducible in animals by carbon tetrachloride or by chloroform itself (Sheehan 1950). In the more severe cases, reported particularly in obstetric patients who have been vomiting repeatedly, the hepatic necrosis is greater and predominantly centrizonal. Fatty change surrounds the zone of necrosis. Jaundice is inconspicuous. The so-called delayed chloroform poisoning may be different. Jaundice appears on the second or third post-operative day and rapidly deepens. Delirium and occasional vomiting, a tender liver and coma supervene and the patient dies about the fifth day. Recovery may occur. Massive necrosis and fatty change are said to be gross (Sheehan 1940). But Gibberd (1935) notes that the bright yellow colour of the liver may be due more to bilirubin than to fat. Wells (1908) also noted that the fatty increase may be more apparent than real. Portal zones, in contrast to the change reported in suspected halothane cases, do not show cellularity but may contain proliferated bile ducts. By analogy with the halothane cases the condition is more frequent with multiple exposure to the chloroform; all Gibberd's three patients had had the anxsthetic repeated. The condition has also developed with only very small doses of chloroform (Gibberd 1935). It is difficult, therefore, to make an exact analogy between delayed chloroform poisoning as reported in the literature and the suspected hepatotoxic effect of halothane. If chloroform is being used again as an anesthetic, reinvestigation of such patients along modem lines is indicated.


Report presenting an experimental study of the compression fields around axially symmetric isentropic spikes with varying degrees of compressive flow turning made at a Mach number of 3.85 to analyze the basic shock structures and thereby establish further design criteria for supersonic-inlet applications. Results regarding the original isentropic spike and cowl, isentropic survey-spike configurations, and external-compression limitations are provided.


A two-dimensional Euler flow solver has been developed for the simulation of unsteady, blade-vortex interaction problems on unstructured meshes. The Euler solver is based on a second-order accurate implicit time integration using a point Gauss-Seidel relaxation scheme and a dual time-step subiteration. A vertex-centered, finite-volume discretization is used in conjunction with the Roe's flux-difference splitting. An unsteady solution-adaptive dynamic mesh scheme is used by adding and deleting mesh points at every adaptation step to take account of both spatial and temporal variations of the flow field. Two blade-vortex interaction problems, one at transonic freestream and the other at subsonic, were investigated. Interaction of the traveling vortex with a harmonically oscillating airfoil was also calculated to study the influence of the airfoil motion. Finally, the effect of vortex interaction on the aeroelastic displacement of an airfoil attached to an idealized two degree-of-freedom spring system was investigated. Calculations show good agreements with existing experimental and computational results within the accuracy of the present inviscid solver. It was found that evolution of vorticies and propagation of acoustic waves can be accurately simulated by using the present unstructured dynamic mesh adaptation procedure.


High-quality CdTe nanocrystals capped by mercaptopropionic acid(MPA) were prepared in aqueous solution,then fluorescent,monodispersed,well-separated,core/shell CdTe@SiO2 particles were prepared via reverse microemulsion method.Obtained samples were characterized by means of transmission electron microscope(TEM),UV-vis and PL emission.The influences of ionic strength and pH on the PL emission of uncoated CdTe and CdTe/SiO2 composite nanoparticles were investigated thoroughly.The results show that due to the presence of SiO2 shell,CdTe@ SiO2 still remain a strong fluorescence at high ionic strength and a very broad pH range.Because of these advantages,it has broad applications in biological fields,such as biomarkers,cell imaging.


Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is typically performed with one trajectory to target the medial temporal lobe (MTL). MTL structures such as piriform and entorhinal cortex are epileptogenic, but due to their relative geometry, they are difficult to target with one trajectory while simultaneously maintaining adequate ablation of the amygdala and hippocampus. We hypothesized that a two‐trajectory approach could improve ablation of all relevant MTL structures. First, we created large‐scale computer simulations to compare idealized one‐ vs two‐trajectory approaches. A two‐trajectory approach was then validated in an initial cohort of patients.


Various observers have suggested that there is currently a Boom in British science fiction. This article attempts to map out various contexts for understanding the Boom, including the on-going long term history of British sf, the current retreat of American science fiction, the aesthetics of the Boom, and the sense that people have been taking British sf seriously. The point is not so much to pin down the Boom as something strictly defined, but to open up a range of discourse about the Boom and its potential future. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:31:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


With the rise in the utilization of free fuel energy sources, namely solar and wind, across the globe, it has become necessary to study and implement models of a sustainable power network. This paper focuses on the design of a conceptual power network based on photovoltaics (PV) for power generation and lithium-ion batteries for storage. The power system showcases the various metrics that are involved in a grid-tied PV- and battery-based power network. It also encompasses the various design parameters and sizing considerations to design and conceptualize such a power network. The model focuses on the importance of the conservation of power by avoiding wastage of generated power through inverter sizing and design considerations. Finally, an economic and feasibility analysis is carried out to showcase the economic viability of the PV- and battery-based power network in today's alternating current (AC)-based grid.


Recent advancements in the treatment of Alzheimerfs disease may hold promise for the millions of patients not satisfied with current treatments, according to experts at the 20th scientific meeting of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum (CINP) in Melbourne, Australia. In a review of pharmaceutical approaches to Alzheimer's disease, Dr. Axel Unterbeck, Director of the Institute for Dementia Research at Bayer Corporation in West Haven, Connecticut, discussed several possibilities under investigation, including current first generation therapies that show a beneficial effect on memory and learning, second generation therapies that may impact the progression of the disease, and possible future opportunities for causal treatment or prevention therapies-the ultimate goal in managing Alzheimer's disease. "Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease research combined with the application of new methods in molecular pharmacology make it now feasible to identify and test relevant drug candidates targeting the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease," said Dr. Unterbeck. One Alzheimer therapy under investigation by Bayer is metrifonate, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Results of a dose-finding clinical study of metrifonate showed an improvement in cognitive function as measured by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) and the Clinician's Interview Based Impression of Change-Plus (CIBIC-plus). The Bayer Institute for Dementia Research focuses its activities on dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition to metrifonate, there are a variety of central nervous system drugs at different stages of development at Bayer.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Jianpi Bushen Fang(JPBSF) on adenine-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in rats.METHODS The model of renal interstitial fibrosis was induced by intragastric administration with adenine 200 mg/(kg·d) for 24 days.The rats were randomly divided into normal,model,western medicine,low and high dose of JPBSF groups.After treatment 4 weeks,the serum contents of BUN,Scr,Ca and P were detected.The pathological changes and proliferative degree of fibrotic tissue were observed by HE and Sirus red staining.The expression of α-SMA and type Ⅳ collagen was determined by immunohistochemical SP methods.RESULTS The serum contents of BUN and Scr were decreased significantly,and of Ca and P were improved more well in the high dose of JPBSF group(P0.01) than those in the model group.Pathological changes and RIF were alleviated significantly,and the areas of fibrous tissue,positive cells of α-SMA and type Ⅳcollagen were decreased markedly in the groups of western medicine,low and high dose of JPBSF(P0.01,P0.001).CONCLUSION The JPBSF can improve the renal function and alleviate adenine-induced rat RIF,and its mechanism maybe relate to inhibit the activation and proliferation of myofibroblast.


This study is focused on the determination of the absorption coefficients of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin solutions (1.6g/l) at different concentrations of glucose (from 0 to 1000 mg/dl with a step 100 mg/dl) from a few hours to over two week of incubation. The absorption coefficients were determined using transmittance measurements at the wavelength range from 500 nm to 1000 nm.


We prove restrictions on when a Costas array can contain a large corner region whose entries are all 0. In particular, we prove a 2010 conjecture due to Russo, Erickson and Beard. We constrain the vectors joining pairs of 1s in a Costas array by establishing a series of results on its number of " mirror pairs, " namely pairs of these vectors having the same length but opposite slopes.


For more than a century, ionizing radiation has been used to treat cancer. Most advances in research have been related to increasing dose conformation to the tumor thus reducing damage to healthy tissue. These advances increased the accuracy requirements for irradiation and led to increasingly time-consuming quality assurance procedures such as regular (daily, monthly, yearly) machine quality assurance (QA), as well as patient (plan) speci c QA. Proton therapy (especially pencil beam scanned proton therapy) as a form of highly conformal radiation therapy is no exception to this, and the requirements of a large number of dose measurements represents a bottleneck for adapting delivery plans to changing anatomy as well as increasing patient numbers. To assure correct delivery, treatment delivery is monitored by the machine and compared to nominal values, allowing for a quick interruption of dose administration in case of detected discrepancies. The rst part of this work is dedicated to the development and implementation of an independent dose calculation (IDC) system, to calculate three dimensional dose distributions for various eld and beam characterizations, geometries and dose algorithms. This allows for independent 3D dose calculations to be performed at di erent stages in the treatment process, thus serving as a tool for virtual veri cations. The use of such a tool for commissioning, quality assurance and clinical routine is then presented by means of a number of examples. To better utilize the capabilities of Gantry 2, the new treatment gantry at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), the aforementioned tool was extended by spot placement and optimization algorithms, turning it into a basic planning tool. By using an approach referred to as contour scanning, i.e. placing beams along the contours of the tumor instead of on a regular grid, the possibility of further improving dose conformation is explored. Plan comparison show the potential of improving dose conformation with little to no reduction of dose coverage and homogeneity. Proof of concept measurements performed on Gantry 2 demonstrate the deliverability of such plans and prove the expected reduction of dose around the target. Finally, the IDC has also been used as a framework whereby advanced, analytical dose calculations can be developed and tested. Two such developments have been made as part of this work. The rst attempts to improve


In this article the principle, construction method and quality control points of vibrator pipe sinking cast in place pile in foundation stabilization are introduced. The advantages of this technology are proposed, which contain simple construction equipment, low project cost and high adaptability to different geological conditions. In the end author emphasized that process tracking monitoring should be paid more attention.


The Association for Heterodox Economics (AHE) prepared a submission on Peer Review to the UK Parliament's Select Committee on Science and Technology. The enquiry was announced on 27 January: Select Committee Announcement 32 (10-11) states that "The committee invites evidence on the operation and effectiveness of the peer review process used to examine and validate scientific results and papers prior to publication" The AHE was and remains concerned that the Peer Review process in Economics (which considers itself a Science) is not conducive to quality but to the contrary imposes conformity and monotheoreticism, in distinction to other sciences, leading to adverse selection. I am placing our submission to the Select Committee, which I prepared, for the public record since, although it is in principle available through the UK parliamentary archives, this is relatively inaccessible. The paper is a valid scholarly document which was reviewed by the AHE and is fully referenced.


This paper explores the nature of teachers' professional development (PD) practices in special needs/special education settings in Australia under current neoliberal and managerial conditions. The research is based on individual interviews with teachers from a juvenile justice centre and a dedicated special needs school in a regional city in the state of New South Wales. Bourdieu's conception of social practice as contested is applied to make sense of teachers' understanding of the conflicted nature of PD practices in these schooling settings. The findings reveal teacher PD in these special needs settings is influenced by the increased commodification of education, broader accountability pressures which seek to individualise teachers' PD experiences, and increased attention to a narrower range of educational outcomes, particularly students' test scores. However, at the same time, these settings also enable more localised, collaborative inquiry focused upon specific students' needs, and PD relevant to a multi-faceted conception of students' learning. In this way, teacher PD contributes to a focus upon student learning in all its complexity, even as it is simultaneously confined by neoliberal and managerial pressures.


This paper is concerned with an improvement in the conventional absorption heat pump cycle that allows for achieving an increased temperature boost and a better coefficient of performance (COP). The improvement is obtained by adding adiabatic absorption and desorption steps to the absorber and desorber of the system, respectively. The adiabatic processes make it possible to obtain the highest possible temperature in the absorber before any heat is removed from it and the lowest temperature in the desorber before heat is added to it. This, in turn, allows for efficient utilization of the thermodynamic availability of the heat supply stream. Compared to the conventional cycle, the improved system can operate with a larger difference between the high and low concentrations, less circulation losses, and a more efficient heat exchange. The concept of adiabatic absorption and desorption is described and compared for the conventional and improved cycles. Mathematical expressions are derived for the conditions at the adiabatic points, and design considerations are described for incorporating the improvements in a conventional system. Computer-generated performance curves of COP versus temperature boost are given for the heat pump to illustrate the performance enhancement by the adiabatic process.


The reasons for seven considerable increases in proton intensity in March--July 1972 are established. It is shown that four out of the seven increases were produced by solar flares in strong active regions behind the limb.


The Maximum Likelihood technique using a Multipath Propagation model (MLMP) has been developed for maritime tracking radars operating against low-altitude targets. We use a detailed propagation model in the MLMP technique to improve the accuracy of maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. A problem with this technique is the occurrence of ambiguities in the estimation of target height. This paper evaluates possible solutions. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that a significant performance improvement can be obtained with an appropriate choice of radar frequencies and bandwidths.


This research is a classroom action research that aims to determine the impact of using Virtual Reality (VR) Technology by measuring the level of courage of celebral palsy (CP) students after using Android-based VR on the dreaded object by comparing pre-action and past action behavior in Dilaraf Islamic School Tangerang – Banten. The study was conducted in three cycles with 12 students CP, Data analysis uses descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results showed the average results of motor sensor tests of students in pre cycle I of 4 graduated students increased by 7 out of 12 students. 91.67% of students have reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC) in the third cycle. This shows the indicator set is that 60% of students reach the MCC has been achieved. Thus the VR technology learning method can improve the motor sensor skills of cp students.


In field spectroscopy applications the autonomous field spectroradiometer is configured to measure the down-welling irradiance and up-welling radiance, from this it is possible to calculate the reflectance properties of the surface or canopy and how it may change over time and with illumination geometry. This paper reviews the merits and limitations of autonomous systems with "bi-conical" and hemispherical-conical geometries, single and multi-spectrometer configurations and the options for improving the measurement uncertainty in future autonomous systems.


Efficient, wavelength-tunable diode-pumped alexandrite laser systems offer the potential for a more versatile, satellite-based lidar source compared to fixed wavelength Nd:YAG systems and non-space compliant lamp-pumped alexandrite. In this paper, we develop a strategy to enable the high-energy operation required for atmospheric lidar based on an efficient diode-pumped master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system design. A novel multipass "diamond" slab amplifier geometry is introduced alongside the experimental results of the world's first diode-pumped alexandrite amplifier producing a gain of 2.13 in a demonstration system. A diode-pumpedQ-switched alexandrite oscillator is presented with a record-highest pulse energy of 3.80 mJ. Detailed optimization of a two-stage amplifier design is studied numerically and maximized with temperature, wavelength, and pump pulse duration to produce 50 mJ pulse energy. This forms part of an optimized alexandrite MOPA design capable of high pulse energy, showing the future potential of diode-pumped alexandrite for satellite-based atmospheric lidar.


To prepare for identifying the composition of nanowire-fiber mixtures in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, we optimize the performance of image classification between nanowires, fibers and tips due to their geometric similarities. The SEM images are analyzed by deep learning techniques where the validation accuracies of 11 convolutional neural network (CNN) models are compared. By increasing the diversity of data such as reflection, translation and scale factor approaches, the highest validation accuracy of recognizing nanowires, fibers and tips is 97.1%. We proceed to classify the level of porosity in anodized aluminum oxide for the self-assisted nanowire growth where the validation accuracy is optimized at 93%. Our software allow scientists to count the percentage of fibers in any nanowire-fiber composite and design the porous substrate for embedding different sizes of nanowires automatically, which assists the software development in Nanoscience Foundries & Fine Analysis (NFFA) Europe Projects.


Despite being one of the largest and most popular projects, the official Android framework has only provided test cases for less than 30% of its APIs. Such a poor test case coverage rate has led to many compatibility issues that can cause apps to crash at runtime on specific Android devices, resulting in poor user experiences for both apps and the Android ecosystem. To mitigate this impact, various approaches have been proposed to automatically detect such compatibility issues. Unfortunately, these approaches have only focused on detecting signature-induced compatibility issues (i.e., a certain API does not exist in certain Android versions), leaving other equally important types of compatibility issues unresolved. In this work, we propose a novel prototype tool, JUnitTestGen, to fill this gap by mining existing Android API usage to generate unit test cases. After locating Android API usage in given real-world Android apps, JUnitTestGen performs inter-procedural backward data-flow analysis to generate a minimal executable code snippet (i.e., test case). Experimental results on thousands of real-world Android apps show that JUnitTestGen is effective in generating valid unit test cases for Android APIs. We show that these generated test cases are indeed helpful for pinpointing compatibility issues, including ones involving semantic code changes.


Abstract Yearly, due to the business model of the foreign chain store have been brought into Taiwain, people's type and habbit of the consume have been changed quite fast as well. Especially, the coffee chain stores are the most rapidly development among FB and, the spaces design and planning have turned into the image of brillian, neat and convient concept also have broken traditional imagination. Starbucks chain stores are conducted to reserch for this study, also to discover the chain stores' relationship betwion space image and consumer loyalty. The purpose of this empirical study was to explore the relationship among space image, life style, and royalty of customers. An investigation was conducted to the customers of Starbucks Coffee 5 chain stores in Taipei. The data collected from 301 samples were analyzed in aid of SPSS computing software. The statistically significant findings were as follows: 1. Among the 6 factors of space image, "interior ambience" was the most satisfied one. 2. Among the 4 factors of life style, "sensitive comsume" was the most satisfied one. 3.There were significant and positive correlations between most factors of space image, life style, and loyalty. 4. There were five predictive variables for loyalty; the total explained variance was 35%, and two factors of space image possessed 75.4% of the total explained variance. This result showed the substantial effect of space design on customer royalty. These findings were expected to be helpful for the planning and designing of commercial spaces.


The heat-kernel expansion for a nonanalytic function of a dierential operator, and the integrated (Cesaro-smoothed) spectral densities associated with the corresponding nonanalytic function of the spectral parameter, exhibit a certain nonlocal behavior. Because of this phenomenon, careisneededinapplyingthepseudodierentialsymboliccalculustononanalytic functions. We demonstrate this eect by both analytical and numerical calculations for the square root of the Laplace operator in the modelofa\twisted"scalareldoverthecircle. Thisshowsthattheeect cannot be attributed solely to boundaries.


As the range of handheld, mobile and desktop devices expands and worldwide demand for collaborative application tools increases, there is a growing need for higher speed impromptu cross-device application sharing to keep up with workplace requirements for on-site or remote collaborations. To address this, we have developed CamCutter, a cross-device interaction technique enabling a user to quickly select and share an application running on another screen using the camera of a handheld device. This technique can accurately identify the targeted application on a display using our adapted computer vision algorithm, system architecture and software implementation, allowing impromptu real-time and synchronized application sharing between devices. For desktop and meeting room set-ups, we performed a technical evaluation, measuring accuracy and speed of migration. For a single-user reading task and a collaborative composition task, we carried out a user study comparing our technique with commercial screen sharing applications. The results of this study showed both higher performance and preference for our system. Finally, we discuss CamCutter's limitations and present insights for future vision-based cross-device application sharing.


The location problem is a fundamental problem in underwater wireless sensor networks. This paper focuses on the distance vector hopping (DV-Hop) localization algorithm, which is most widely used in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The algorithm does not require distance measurement and is simple to implement, but the research on DV-Hop algorithm in 3D space is not mature, which leads to large positioning errors. Based on the error analysis of the 3D DV-Hop algorithm, this paper proposes a 3D differential evolutionary hop count DV-Hop (DEHDV-Hop) algorithm to reduce the localization error. We define a continuous hop value based on the number relationship of adjacent nodes and solve the upper bound of the hop count under this definition. The discrete values of the global hop count are converted to continuous values using the broadcasted node information. The concept of trust is introduced by analyzing the error between the actual and estimated distances between anchor nodes. The method of obtaining the average hop distance of unknown nodes in the original algorithm is replaced so that the estimated distance is calculated using the new hop count and hop distance. Finally, the hop count information is segmented, a new fitness function is constructed, and the coordinates of the unknown nodes are solved iteratively using a differential evolutionary algorithm.


that observed in the previously analysed cinnamic acid derivatives in which nearest-neighbour > C = C < groups are parallel (related by translation) or antiparallel (related by centres of symmetry). The centre-tocentre distance of nearest-neighbour > C = C < groups is 3.93 ]~; contacts between C(3) and C(4') and C(3') and C(4) of adjacent glide-plane related molecules are 3.53 A and 4.33 • respectively. It follows from these values that interaction between two molecules is possible and likely to take place in the first instance between C(3) and C(4'). The p-derivative displays the packing arrangement of the c~ type in the cinnamic acid series since contacts between nearest-neighbour > C = C < groups occur across centres of symmetry. Three sets of such contacts are present (Fig. 4); the centre-to-centre distances across the inversion centres at (Ob~2), kZZ2j,(11 1~ and (01⁄20) are 4.11, 5.29, and 5.74 A respectively. In the light of our previous results we should expect photochemical interaction across the centre at (01⁄2~2) with formation of the centrosymmetric dimer, dimethyl 4,4'-dibromoe-truxillate.


Abstract. This paper deals with the indirect control of the Doubly Fed Induction generator (DFIG). In order to control the power flow between the DFIG and the electrical grid, we present a control strategy which will enable the optimization of the power injected into the network, the identification and compensation of the harmonics as well as the compensation of the reactive power. Keywords: Wind turbine, Doubly fed induction generator, Power flow control, Reactive power compensation, Harmonics active filtering. 1. Introduction During the last years the productions of electrical energy from wind energy have increased. Several power plants have been put in production everywhere in the world. The interest focused on this type of energy is due to the importance of this source of power in term of quantity of energy and its environmental impact. In the wind power stations, the induction machines are used as generators [1]. In this study we will develop a control strategy of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (D.F.I.G) which offers, compared to other types of generator some advantages as:


A close examination of mothers who have no potential substitute caregivers in their household other than their spouse or a child less than 6 years old suggests that an association exists between the availability of potential child care substitutes and an increased likelihood that the mother will work for pay or in a family enterprise. A 12-month birth cohort of about 3000 Filipino infants was used to examine the labor force patterns and child care arrangements of postpartum mothers. Focus in particular was on 12-month old infants and their mothers as by this time the labor force participation of postpartum mothers has reached its peak and stabilized. A less-detailed analysis was done of 2-month and 6-month infants. The extent to which certain types of work situations appear to be more compatible with child care than others was explored along with whether the number of hours spent in market work is associated with different child care arrangements depending on job compatibility. To do this the primary and 2nd most important caregivers in the household were identified. The study site was an area embracing the City of Cebu and surrounding rural areas of central Philippines island of Cebu. Households were surveyed between May 1 1983 and April 30 1984. Mother were grouped into work status categories along 2 main dimensions: the broad distinction between wage labor and self-employment and difference in occupational prestige or status. On the whole mothers working for pay on a time basis reported that their jobs were incompatible with child care whether they are of a professional or managerial status or a lower status (clerical sales laborer craftsperson). The professional/managers who reported a degree of compatibility were of the same occupational categories as those who reported complete incompatibility but were among those who reported living closer to home or working out of their homes. The other wage workers paid on a time basis who came home to feed mostly worked near their homes. Those workers whose regime was least structured and least well-remunerated reported high levels of compatibility with child care: self-employed and piece workers. Of the mothers who worked long hours in compatible jobs 57% of them were still the primary caregiver and provided over 75% of child care compared to only 22% of their counterparts in incompatible jobs. 70% of the mothers who worked long hours in incompatible jobs were neither the primary nor the 2nd most important caregiver for their child compared to 33% of mothers working shorter hours in incompatible jobs and only 10% who did not for pay at all.


Little is known about the metabolism in the animal body of monoalkylbenzenes other than toluene and ethylbenzene (cf. Williams, 1947). The information available suggests that the n-alkyl side chains undergo w-oxidation followed by $-oxidation of the terminology (Rules of Carbohydrate Nomenclature, J. chem. Soc., 1952, p. 5108), glucosiduronic acids) andthe alcohols asnon-reducing glucuronides. These possibilities are shown below (where G= CAH9,0) for the case of n-propylbenzene.


AbstractAccording to some studies, flat roofs are one of the construction elements that most frequently suffer from damage and anomalies. It is important to carry out a verification of the execution processes of waterproofing membranes to reduce the number of failures as much as possible and prevent future associated damages. This paper details the 47 evaluation parameters that were applied to 61 construction projects, rated in terms of their quality in five levels of importance of the deficiencies, based on the supervision performed by quality control entities during the execution of the works. The results numerically demonstrate the importance of prior supervision of project design to produce more satisfactory results and reduce the probability of problems in the future. The most common problems in flat roofs with bituminous membranes are identified and rated, of which issues concerning the tail-ends with peripheral elements stand out.