This paper discusses ways that shape attitudes to technology from a socio-cultural perspective. Differing attitudes are explored in relation to the cultures of education and ICT use in education. The role and development of the spreadsheet is taken as an example of a "cultural tool" and its relevance to education is questioned. A way of developing ICT embedded in a educational cultures by adopting interoperable standards for ICT in education is developed, with illustration from the European Commission funded project REM. Introduction: Educational Computer Literacy The lid is open. Information and communication technologies are now "in" the world; the box can not be closed. They are with us, but we are often told that we should "refrain from knowing about computers because you do not need to be able to understand the principles of the internal combustion engine to be able to drive a car". On the other hand nobody would dream of considering themselves an adequate driver if they did not know that fuel was essential or that there is a need to change gears in order to make efficient progress. Just how technological do you need to be before the function of getting from a to b is denied to you because you do not have the sociotechnical skills to utilise automobile technology as part of your way of life? How well should you understand the technical language and tools of the computer? To draw the automobile technology analogy further, is it appropriate for you be given a fork lift truck, for that is what you are told is "industry standard", when really you want to make a vacation trip and are unable to discover why it is inappropriate? How discriminating a computer user should we be? This paper will attempt to analyse some issues about the nature of ICT "literacy" in education for educators so that technology may be better applied to education. Beynon (1993) has argued that there is an urgent need for a new, essentially cultural, definition of technological literacy. For teachers to be 'technologically literate' (and, through them, their pupils) they need to learn how to 'read' technology, treating it not as a series of technical artefacts but as a 'text'. Beynon argues that the technologising of the classroom has alienating and overvocationalising effects which can only be overcome by adopting an approach to understanding technology in the classroom from the stand point of critical theory. In this paper however we will examine why an understanding of the technology of artefacts is an important aspect of a cultural definition of "literacy" in the modern world and in education in particular. This paper will argue that the problem of the relationships between education and technology is the introduction of technology that emerges from alien cultures (such as technology emerging from accountancy practice). The paper will argue that there is a need for technologies to be developed for an educational milieu, which in turn necessitates the development of that milieu by for and by education practitioners themselves. The author suggests that the development of technical standards for education as a starting point in that development. This may mean that teachers do need a greater understanding of technology itself alongside their need to "read" technology in Beynon's terms.


Four plants(Radix Scutellariae,Sophora alopecuroides,Sophorae flavescenti and Garden onion) were selected as the investigative subjects and were extracted respectively using four different solvents: distilled water,70%ethanol,acetone and ethyl acetate.Through the colony growing test and the minimum inhibition concentration survey,extracts from different solvents which had stronger inhibitory effect on two major pathogenic bacteria of Astragalus membranaceu root rot were screened out.The results show that different plants have different inhibitory effects and different solvent extracts from one plant also have different inhibitory effects.In the four selected plants,acetone extracts of Sophorae flavescenti have a more remarkably inhibitory effect on the two major pathogenic bacteria.Under the concentration of 200 g/L,the inhibition rate is 61.2%and 31.2%respectively,and the minimum inhibition concentration is 6.25 g/L.In addition,the inhibition EC50 of the Fusarium solani is only 99.3 g/L,and the inhibitory effect of 70%ethanol extract of Sophorae flavescenti on Fusarium oxysporum is also over 50%.


To become radicalized. This process has historically been associated with agendas for profound social change that have been pursued by a diverse range of political parties and actors. However, in r...


ABSTRACT This article brings together Critical Disability Studies and the ethics of neighboring to examine not only the intimate alterity of disabled figures in medieval literature, but also how nonnormative embodiments are a recurring feature in the ethical discourse of the neighbor. Neighbor-love and disability justice share an ethical orientation that emphasizes difference, yet the ethics of the neighbor stresses an asymmetrical and non-reciprocal relationship between self and other whereas an ethics of care emphasizes interdependence. However, attending to the nonnormative embodiment of the neighbor introduces a transformed sense of reciprocity to the neighborly encounter. In order to think about the generative possibilities of the intersection between neighborliness and disability, the paper explores varied encounters with nonnormative embodiments, including the meeting between King Edward and the disabled beggar Ghillie Michael in Matthew Paris's History of Saint Edward the King and the confrontation between Arthur's court and the loathly lady in The Wedding Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle. Each of these encounters seemingly illustrate a drive towards normalcy, a temporality of inclusion where the strangeness of the neighborly figure is neutralized through miraculous or magical means. Centering nonnormative figures in these narratives, however, reveals the working of parasynchrony, a shared temporality that resists a turn toward normativity and enables reciprocity based not on exchange but on interdependence and mutual care.


Using various chromatographic methods, three sterols, (22R,23R,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-22,23-methylene-24methylcholest-6-ene-3β-ol (1), ergosterol peroxide (2), and 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-17-one (3), were isolated from the methanol extract of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR experiments and comparison of their NMR data with reported values. Compounds 1-3 were isolated from L. crassum for the first time.


The 13C NMR characteristics of sodium acetate and complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, H4edta) with La3+ and VO2+ in the presence of the paramagnetic relaxant [Gd(H2O)n edta]− are reported. The observed selective paramagnetic line broadening of the uncoordinated glycinate arms in [VO2edta]3− permits an assignment of the 13C resonances and independent ligand denticity determination. For COO resonances the selectivity was found to be ca. 18. A large difference was also observed between the 13C transverse relaxation times for the uncoordinated COO groups of CH3COO− and the coordinated COO groups of [La(H2O)3edta]−. The magnitude of the selectivity provides clear advantages in aiding the 13C NMR assignment and the establishment of the true denticity for the complexes of polydentate ligands.


Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate foliar absorption, translocation, and efficacy of glufosinate on four weed species. The rate of glufosinate required to reduce shoot dry weight by 50% (GR50) varied between weed species. GR50 values for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters were 69, 186, 199, and 235 g ai ha−1, respectively. Absorption of 14C-glufosinate increased with time and reached a plateau 24 hours after treatment (HAT). Absorption of 14C-glufosinate was 67, 53, 42, and 16% for giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters, respectively. Translocation of absorbed 14C-glufosinate from the treated leaf was greatest for giant foxtail and barnyardgrass (15 and 14% 24 HAT of absorbed 14C-glufosinate, respectively). This compared to 5 and < 1% for translocation of absorbed 14C-glufosinate from the treated leaves of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters. The majority of 14C-glufosinate translocated by giant foxtail and barnyardgrass was found below the treated leaf and in the roots, indicating phloem mobility of the herbicide. Differential absorption and translocation of 14C-glufosinate may be contributing factors to the differential sensitivity observed between weed species.


The study entitled "Knowledge Management on the Use of Different Flower Inducers on the Growth of Flowering Plants Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla)" was conducted to find out which among the flower inducers used will promote higher number of shoots of Hydrangea macrophylla; to determine its
effects on the height and quality of blooms of
Hydrangea.The four flower inducers used in the study which correspond also to the four treatments were: A-Byfolan, B-Crop giant C- Turton, and D-Siam.Treatment E was the control treatment.Based on the results of the study, different flower inducers significantly increase the final height wherein plants sprayed with Crop giant significantly were the tallest while the untreated plants were significantly the shortest. Furthermore, the different flower inducers used in the study have no significant influence on the average number of shoots per plant, average number of flowers and the biggest full bloom flowers.


The present work aimed to propose a bootstrap alternative to Caliñski & Corsten (1985) multiple comparison procedure based on cluster analysis and evaluate the original and bootstrap tests by Monte Carlo simulation considering normal and non-normal probabilistic models. The performance was evaluated in relation to the type I error rates per experiment and in relation to the power. The two tests are exact under complete 0 H and normality. Under non-normality and complete the bootstrap test controlled the experiment wise error while the original test is conservative for small values and is liberal for large values Under partial situation, the two tests are liberal for smaller differences between groups and are conservative for lager differences. The power of bootstrap test is higher than the original test under partial and, its performance is considered superior to the original test and is robust with respect to normality absence, being therefore recommended.


The purpose of this writing is to find out the Management of the Digital Campaign for the Karna Suswandi- Khoirani (Karunia) Pair in the 2020 Situbondo Pilkada. The writing method used is a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with informants who are considered relevant in answering the problem formulation. The data collected in this study are primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques to answer research problems use the opinion of Mile Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the research are that in the 2020 Situbondo Regional Head Election, the management of the digital campaign for the Karna Suswandi-Khoirani Pair is by forming a Cyber Team to manage the campaign through social media. In carrying out political campaigns through Facebook Cyber social media, they make positioning efforts through the dissemination or dissemination of work programs or political promises to the pair Karna Suswandi-Khoirani. Then do branding to attract the attention and interest of the community. Likewise with Segmenting, by selecting Facebook groups with many members of the Situbondo community, because those who have voting rights and who will cast their voting rights in the 2020 Pilkada are Situbondo residents


This study was conducted to determine tick burden and immunological parameters of resistance to East Coast fever (ECF) in Tarime and Sukuma cattle. Tick load, packed cell volume (PCV), Theileria parva (T. parva)  specific antibody percent positivity (PP), and prevalence of T. parva parasites were studied in relation to dipping regime, strains, and season. A total of 50 experimental cattle were included in this study. Tick load was determined by whole body counts, antibody percent positivity was determined by the polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM)-based T. parva enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and prevalence of T. parva parasites was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the p104 gene. Dipping frequency on tick burden showed no statistically significant differences when cattle of either strain were dipped either once every 2 or 3 weeks in the dry and wet seasons. However, Tarime cattle had higher (p 0.05). During the study period, 20% (5/25) of Sukuma cattle contracted ECF, but none of the Tarime cattle showed clinical signs for the disease. The differences between the two strains shown in terms of PP and T. parva parasite prevalence may indicate the ability of individual cattle to resist tick infestation and ECF infection under natural challenge. Higher antibody levels but lower parasite prevalence attained by Tarime cattle, suggests inherent ability of Tarime cattle to resist clinical development of ECF infection, but to remain as T. parva carriers.

 Key words: Carrier state, Theileria parva, ticks, seropositivity.


levels and isoenzyme compositions of glycolytic enzymes (1—3) and the overexpression of glucose transporters (4—6) compared with the surrounding normal tissues. Changes in the rates of glucose uptake and overexpression of glucose transporters are also associated with adaptation to hypoxia partly due to increased dependency on glycolysis as an energy source (4,7), a condition that may arise in rapidly growing tumors (8). These changes in glucose metabolism have been successfully used to diagnose, stage and monitor tumor response to therapy by (2-[fluorine-l8]-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET imaging (9). It is currently accepted that increased influx of the glucose analog, higher rates of phosphorylation and diminished rates of dephos phorylation of the intracellular phosphorylated sugar are key factors in the cellular mechanisms underlying the high


Foreword. Preface. General Introduction on FMS-95. Basic Aspects and Parameters Measurements. Bioreactors and Mathematical Models. Upgradation of Agro-industrial Products/Wastes. Enzymes Production and Applications. Secondary Metabolites and Biopesticides. Edible Mushrooms/Fungi. Newer Applications. History of Solid State Fermentation at ORSTOM. List of Delegates. Subject Index.


The present study aimed to evaluate the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa from the use of different combinations of substrates, namely, cattle manure, poultry litter, quail manure and commercial substrate. The experiment was conducted in the Nursery Center for Agricultural Sciences, at the Federal University of Espirito Santo state, and mounted in a completely randomized design (CRD). When the seedlings reached five months after sowing, the following characteristics were measured: total height, collar diameter, plant height/collar diameter ratio, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of root, total dry mass and dry mass ratio of shoot/root dry mass, along with the Dickson quality index (IQD). It was found that, for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa, it is recommended a formulation consisted by 25% of commercial substrate + 35% of poultry litter + 40% of subsoil, having this one the best averages in morphological characteristics total height, collar diameter, plant height/collar diameter ratio, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of root and total dry mass.


There are many engineering applications utilizing Tuned Mass Damper (TMD), Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD) and Combined Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper (CPTMD) in order to alleviate the response of the buildings exposed to catastrophes, strong wind and earthquake vibrations. The objective of this work is to study the effect of the added Combined Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper (CPTMD) on the vibrating system and to investigate if the added CPTMD will help in damping out the vibrations arises from any excitation source like wind force or from seismic earthquake force. The proposed basic system was modeled mathematically to get the governing equations of motion according to Lagrange's equation where the whole system was described by three Degrees of Freedom which are two translation and one rotation. A parametric study was conducted with different values of constants for the second damper and a simplified model has been derived after making linearization and Order of Magnitude Analysis (OMA). The three Degree of Freedom (DOF) system was put in State-Space Format (SSF) before being simulated using (MATLAB©). Output graphs and curves have been obtained and discussed.


Context. Line Intensity Mapping (LIM) offers a novel avenue to observe and characterize our universe. This technique can provide a global context to observations by traditional galaxy surveys and can revolutionize our knowledge of cosmology. LIM data using spectral lines of metals are becoming available, such as those obtained by the CO Mapping Array Project (COMAP), which started observing in 2019 with a Pathfinder experiment. COMAP data can be used to probe the molecular gas content of the universe from the last stages of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) (z < 8.0) to the epoch of stellar build up (z ∼ 2.5). Aims. In this work, as an alternative to autoor cross-power spectrum analyses, we examine the prospects for deriving voxel-level statistical constraints on high-redshift galaxies from COMAP data by considering the additional information available from a galaxy survey. For the galaxy survey, we consider observations using the Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). This instrument will survey part the COMAP volume as part of the HET Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) survey of Lyman alpha emitting (LAE) galaxies and we also consider follow-up observations with a higher fill-factor and greater overlap. Methods. We post-process the IllustrisTNG300 galaxy-formation simulation with a set of prescriptions to consistently determine CO and Lyα line luminosities. The different line prescriptions span the uncertainty in the CO line luminosity according to current observations by VLA and ALMA high-z CO surveys and set the Lyα emission to be compatible with observational LAE luminosity functions. We produce consistent mock observations for the two surveys over a ∼ 3003 Mpc3 volume. These are then used to formulate and test methodologies for data analysis and to predict COMAP constraints on CO emission. We use combinations of masking, stacking, voxel intensity distribution (VID), and other statistics. Results. We find that in combination with HETDEX, a voxel-level analysis of the COMAP Pathfinder survey can detect and characterize the CO signal from z ∼ 3 and improve current constraints on the z ∼ 6 signal, identify individual voxels with bright CO(1-0) emission at z ∼ 3 and probe the redshift evolution of the CO emission and potentially the CO line width. Moreover, with the two data-sets we can identify relationships between the two lines driven by dust. Conclusions. This study illustrates the potential of synergies between LIM and galaxy surveys both to improve the significance of a detection and to aid the interpretation of noisy LIM data.


3. In the USA in 1976, following receipt of the A/New Jersey/76 influenza vaccine, a statistical association suggested the excess risk of GBS due to the vaccination was about 9 in every million vaccinees in the 6 weeks after vaccination. However, studies conducted since 1976 have not found an excess risk of GBS associated with influenza vaccines. Indeed some studies have suggested a possible protective effect of influenza vaccination against GBS.


The increasing complexity of hardware designs makes functional verification a challenge. The key issue of the state-of-the-art verification approaches is to obtain a "good" model for automated test generation or formal property checking. In this paper, we describe techniques for deriving EFSM-based models from HDL descriptions and briefly discuss applications of such models for verification. The distinctive feature of the suggested approach is that it automatically determines what registers of a design encode its state and use this information for model reconstruction.


The type specimen of Paranthropus robustus (TM 1517, including a partial cranium) was discovered at Kromdraai near Sterkfontein in 1938 and described by Robert Broom as a new species. Subsequently, more robust australopithecines were discovered at the nearby site of Swartkrans. These Swartkrans hominins were described by Broom as Paranthropus crassidens. Many palaeoanthropologists currently regard the robust australopithecines from Kromdraai and Swartkrans as one species, but consensus has not been reached on this issue. A morphometric analysis has been undertaken to assess the probability that specimens attributed to P. crassidens represent the same species as that which is represented by TM 1517, the holotype of P. robustus. Our results failed to reject the null hypothesis that both sites sample the same, single species of robust australopithecine.


In this paper the theory of Browder [2] and of Lions [3] on periodic solutions of non-linear evolution equations in Banach spaces is put in a more general framework so as to include the Navier-Stokes equations and their variants. An abstract existence theorem is proved in § 1. Applications are given in § 2. The existence of periodic solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations without any restriction on the dimension of the space domain is established. Application of the abstract theorem to the following problem is given: 1. Let H be a Hilbert space and (., .) H the inner product in H. Let V and W be two reflexive separable Banach spaces with W ⊂ V ⊂ H. W is dense in V and V is dense in H.


The COUGAR project (an EC-funded project within the RACE programme) is studying the use of high-quality motion estimation methods to provide vectors and other control information for the MPEG-2 coder being developed in the project. It is hoped that the use of a motion estimator, optimized to produce `true' motion vectors, will lead to higher quality pictures compared to the use of a simple `best match' motion estimator. This may be particularly significant in the presence of artefacts such as noise, grain and unsteadiness. The approach is driven by the observation that it is possible to perform high-quality motion-compensated temporal interpolation (for example, in standards converters and advanced slow motion generators) and obtain excellent results, without the use of any prediction error signal to correct errors in the interpolation.


The design of chemical tankers is a difficult process compounded by the need to observe various national and international regulations governing such matters as cargo segregation, subdivision, and maintenance of stability after an accident. Of particular importance in this respect is resolution A2/2/VII of the IMCO Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk.


Agglutinating properties of binder used for manufacture of carbon electrode were investigated in conformity with the "bitumen theory" concerning agglutinating property of coal.Though the lower softening point of pitches the more (γ1+γ2) fraction to have strong caking power is contained; lower, out of some extent, softening point pitches give on the contrary weak caking power practically. (γ1+2γ) Even only fraction indicated caking power weakly.That the binder contains to some extent non-caking fraction α (less than ca. 25%) posesses rather strong caking power, was found.


Sulha is one well-known method of reconciliation owned by Palestinian Society. Historically, Palestinian utilized it to accommodate two hostile tribes in families in a peacemaking process to prevent conflict escalate to the higher level. As a featured local way to harmonize its people, Palestinian have applied Sulha since the very beginning of Palestinian Civilization to nowadays. Unavoidably, Sectarian collision in Palestine always involves three major religious worshippers within the area: Islam, Christian, and Jewish. Considering its vital position in the Palestinian communities, there has been a lot of researches discussing Sulha as an inseparable element of reconciliation method needed by Palestinians to confront Israelis in particular. Sulha, in another word, plays such a crucial role to find the peacemaking process of Palestinian in a better way. Several tasks remaining, however, to validate and strengthen Sulha as a unique method of reconciliation of Palestinian. After reading several kinds of literature, I believe that Sulha is able to be understood in Worldview of Islam; there are numbers of key concepts associated with Sulha in major Islamic literature: mainly al-Qur'an and Hadith. For instance, Hospitality, Repentance, and Forgiveness. This paper will discuss the interrelation of these keywords to Sulha based on the critical reading of ancient literature of Islam and how it should be implemented by Palestinians to enhance and advance Sulha as a method of conflict resolution. Finally, the research question in this article that will be discussed and answered is: "What are the featured key concepts of Sulha in Worldview of Islam and how it should be implemented by Palestinians?"


Foreword by Gary Orfield Part 1: Background and Evidence Submitted Chapter 1: The Legal Context and Social Science Evidence in Fisher v. University of Texas Liliana M. Garces Chapter 2: Leadership, Citizenship, and Civic Capacity: The Imperative of Racial Diversity for Realizing Higher Education's Public Mission Susan Sturm and Olatunde C. A. Johnson Chapter 3: The Promise of Diversity in Remedying the Harms of Identity-Related Threats and Racial Isolation Allison S. Elgart, Victoria C. Plaut, Nicole Arlette Hirsch, and Eva Jefferson Paterson Chapter 4: Tejas Es Diferente: UT Austin's Admissions Program in Light of Its Exclusionary History Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Lani Guinier, and Gerald Torres Chapter 5: Access and Diversity at the University of California in the Post-Affirmative Action Era Michal Kurlaender, Elizabeth Friedmann, and Tongshan Chang Part 2: Lessons and Strategies Moving Forward Chapter 6: The Mismatch Myth in U.S. Higher Education: A Synthesis of Empirical Evidence at the Law School and Undergraduate Levels William C. Kidder and Richard O. Lempert Chapter 7: Amplifying Asian American Presence: Contending with Dominant Racial Narratives in Fisher Mitchell James Chang Chapter 8: From Access to Outcomes: Considering the Texas Top Ten Percent Plan and Its Relationship to Student Persistence Catherine L. Horn and Stella M. Flores Chapter 9: Walking the Diversity Rationale Talk: A Call to Institutions Maria C. Ledesma Chapter 10: Reflections on the Diversity (Rationale) Literature: Examining the Potential and Need for Critical Diversity Research Praxis Uma M. Jayakumar and Annie S. Adamian, with Mitchell James Chang Afterword: Working Collectively Toward Racial Equity in Higher Education Policy Uma M. Jayakumar and Liliana M. Garces


The present scenario has observed a huge growth in communications. Few Applications say online banking, mobile banking, military communication, smartcards and many more have taken security in account as most desirable stuff. Cryptography and steganography are two methods are available secure data. But, to have the highly secure requirement for highly confidential data of today"s applications, highly secure and significant hardware algorithms are necessity. So to avoid such type of problem proposed work has given new theory to combination of both the methods that is cryptography and steganography. With these techniques the problems of both the methods can be solved. The con of cryptography is that it is "very easy to detect" and the problem with steganography is that it is "simpler to decrypt". So by using addition of both the problem of each can be used as advantage of each other.


One of the biggest problems facing many industries particularly oil, is the problem of corrosion, where the metal parts under the influence of the vital factors are eroded during use and storage, therefore, to lift the metal's ability and to protect it against corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are used. For the first time in this research, polymers which contain sulfur - heterocyclic ring with a thiadiazole base were made. Anti- corrosion polymers were made on two stages, in the first stage, thiadiazole was made from hydrazine hydrate reaction to carbon disulfide, afterwards the first product was reacted with an excess of hydrazine. In the second stage, polymers were prepared by the reaction of the monomer produced from benzaldehyde reaction with [dichloro methane, dichloro ethane or vanillin] and the reactions progress were monitored using thin layer chromatography technique. Prepared compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1HNMR spectra, TLC, DSC, m.p measurements and weight loss measurement. More than one type of polymers prepared with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0%) was tested as a weight loss inhibitor and the results were very good.


The following experiments were performed in an effort to determine whether or not the newly recognized substance, heavy water (deuterium oxide) possesses toxic properties. Water containing approximately 20% deuterium oxide was prepared electrolytically and its action tested on rabbit leucocytes and bacteria. Experiments are now being done testing heavy water in more concentrated form up to 100%. Experiment I—Rabbit leucocytes. One drop of a 24-hour aleurinate broth exudate, freshly removed from the pleural cavity of a rabbit, was added to 2 cc. of a modified Tyrode solution containing 18% heavy water and 1/10,000 neutral red. The Tyrode solution, which was buffered at pH 6.6, had 10% of its salts replaced by NH4Cl. Two hanging drops and one spread preparation, sealed with vaseline-paraffin mixture, were incubated at 37°C. and observed under the microscope. A control series was prepared with triple distilled water. The viability of the leucocytes was followed. After one hour an occasional dead cell could be seen. In 8 hours 10% were dead; in 16 hours 50%, and in 24 hours about 75% were dead. There were no significant differences between leucocytes in the heavy water solution and control ordinary water preparations. Experiment 2—Growth of Staphylococcus. A. A minute amount of an 18-hour broth culture of hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus was added to a drop of 20% heavy water. The drop was divided into 3 parts which were sealed on sterile cover slip hanging drops. These were cultured on blood agar plates after 6, 24 and 48 hours respectively. There was no inhibition of growth. B. A drop of 20% heavy water was placed in the center of a blood agar plate freshly streaked with the organism used in A. No effect was noted during a period of 4 days.


Abstract Opinions vary but one interpretation of the vastly expanded hominid postcranial sample from 4 to 1·3 M.Y. hominids leads to the following working hypotheses: (1) The average female of the earliest known species of Hominidae, Australopithecus afarensis , weighed about 29 kg and the male, 45 kg. (2) Average female body weight remains between 29 and 34 kg in all species of hominids before the appearance of Homo erectus at 1·7 M.Y. (3) Average male body weight ranged between 40 and 52 kg in these pre- erectus species. (4) The origin of H. erectus marked a dramatic increase in body size especially in the female. (5) The brain size increase from A. afarensis to A. africanus to the "robust" australopithecines does not appear to be an artifact of body size increase but reflects progressive encephalization. (6) The expansion of absolute brain size with the appearance of Homo is beyond what would be expected from body size increase alone. These working hypotheses have implications for how members of early hominid species behaved to enhance their chances of survival and reproduction within the constraints and requirements of their environments. For example, the relatively high level of body size sexual dimorphism in the earliest species implies a polygynous mating system and a ranging pattern in which females foraged in smaller territories than the males. Although one might expect from analogy with Pan to have social groups consisting of closely related males and less closely related females, the high level of sexual dimorphism is not expected. Perhaps the substantial body size increase and reduction in sexual dimorphism apparent in Homo by 1·7 M.Y. is related to a significant expansion in ranging area. The energetic requirement of the expanded brain may imply altered feeding strategies in both the "robust" australopithecine and Homo lineages.


The article aims to establish a theoretical dialogue between the work of Alberto Burri, one of the most influential Italian artists of the 20th century, and the late aesthetics of Gilles Deleuze. By drawing on the concept of image outlined by Deleuze in The Exhausted (1992), Burri's art is conceptualized as the unfolding of a dimension of pure sense that singularizes forms rather than identifying bodies and signs. This ontological "purity" comes from a deep engagement with matter, considered as a plurality of material potencies. In conclusion, the article proposes an original understanding of image as a pre-symbolic zone of ontological collapse.


Peasant-worker crime has became a very seriously social problem in China .It inseparably associated with the " three farming problems ",modernization,urbanization and the gap between the rich and the poor.The theory of cultural conflict provides an integrated angle to a turn.By this theory we can search for a personalized social reason and a medium between integrated criminology and personal criminology,we can also find a legitimate explanation for the peasant-worker crime in macrocosm and microcosm by this medium.This thesis tries to analyze the peasant-worker crime by the cultural conflict theory,and find out some resolutions to the seriously social problems.


This article analyses contradictory aspects of globalisation in emergent countries and its reflections on special education taking the Brazilian context as reference. It argues that globalisation can only be positive if understood in its humanitarian sense which is in tune with the proposal of an inclusive education and the Education for All movement. The paper points out some key-terms used together with 'globalisation' and raises aspects related to the way(s) in which they affect the education of disabled people in Brazil. It suggests that understanding the new roles of education within the globalised world is imperative for inclusion to take place effectively.


In this investigation, we study an M/Hk/1 queue with a unreliable changeable server with state dependent rate and setup under N-policy. Arrival of the customers follows Poisson distribution dependent upon the server's state. The service of the customer starts only when at least N customers are there in the system and turns off when system becomes empty. Queue size distribution is obtained using Generating function method. We derive cost function in term of cost elements related to different situations and determine the optimal operating policy. Sensitivity exploration has been done in order to explore the outcome of dissimilar parameters on cost incurred, threshold level and other indices.


The source term can be mitigated by effective accident management. The goal of this work is the investigation of the influence of a number of accident management strategies on the source term of a VVER-1000-type reactor. This work is one of a series of studies investigating the behavior of a VVER-1000-type reactor during severe accidents. In particular, it is based on the study in which the pressure rise in the containment and the melt-through of the cavity bottom was investigated, indicating potential mitigation strategies. To rate the usefulness of these strategies, the source terms of selected scenarios are also calculated in the present work. All the calculations were performed using the Source Term Code Package; hydrogen explosions are not considered. For the first time, the source term behavior of these scenarios was simulated up to the very end of the accident the solidification of the melt.


The paper describes research results in the domain of cooperative intelligent transport systems. The requirements for human-machine interface considering safety issue of for intelligent transport systems (ITS)are analyzed. Profiling of the requirements to cooperative human-machine interface (CHMI) for such systems including requirements to usability and safety is based on a set of standards for ITSs. An approach and design technique of cooperative human-machine interface for ITSs are suggested. The architecture of cloud-based CHMI for intelligent transport systems has been developed. The prototype of software system CHMI4ITSis described.


The memory device and the memory data reading method is provided. Memory device according to the present invention is a multi-bit cell array, the threshold voltage detection unit for detecting a first threshold voltage range including a threshold voltage of the multi-bit cell of the multi-bit cell array of the plurality of threshold voltage ranges, wherein the detected first includes a determining section and an error detector for detecting the second error bit of the data of one bit hierarchy for determining data of the first bit layer from the threshold voltage intervals, multi-bit cell of the judging unit corresponding to the error bit of the detected a second can determine the data of the second bit layers by using a threshold voltage interval, this data stored in the multi-bit cell by having the closest the detected error bit and the value of the other of the first bit layer in the threshold voltage It can reduce the time it takes to read. A multi-bit cell, a multilevel cell, the threshold voltage, the error control code, ECC


This paper presents the basic concepts and characters of connected pool technique and pre-compiler technique firstly, then describes the implementation methods of development model of connected pool and pre-compiler in JSP system with instances.The experimental test shows that it can enhance performance of JSP system by using connected pool and pre-compiler.


Renal complications were found in three infants, aged 2 to 3 months, who had clinical and laboratory evidence of congenital syphilis. Studies of kidney biopsy specimens identified the renal lesion as an immune glomerulopathy by the presence of coarse granular deposition of IgG and β 1 C on the glomerular basement membrane. On electron microscopic examination, this identification was supported by the presence of subepithelial and intramembranous electron-dense deposits. A therapeutic course of penicillin resulted in resolution of both clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings. Renal biopsies were performed on two of the three infants at intervals of three and six months after completion of therapy. At that time, all findings, including immunohistologic, were normal . ( JAMA 229:1085-1089, 1974)


The Tsuji formula which relates the Fermi-surface curvature and the weak-field Hall conductivity in metals is discussed in Haldane's framework.


The language learning system is realized by extending the interrupt and DMA function of DSP and the DSP's direct operation on network card and audio card.In this paper,The structure and function of the system are illustrated.[


Eculizumab is a terminal complement inhibitor that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration following a favorable double-blind, placebo-controlled study of patients with acetylcholine receptor-positive, generalized, refractory myasthenia gravis. This article describes an open-label extension of that study, and demonstrates the drug's long-term safety and efficacy during a median treatment period of nearly 2 years. In an accompanying editorial, Drs. Edmundson and Guidon summarize the favorable results, but also discuss the limitations, such as the lack of information about non-responders and the higher rate of serious adverse events in this longer study than in the initial approval study.


The coleopteran of the family Carabidae conform a large part of the soil biodiversity from agroecosystems, hence they are good model organism to study the composition and structure of communities. The aims of this contribution were to: a) analyze the diversity of Carabidae (species richness, activity, composition and structure of assemblages) in environments with different anthropic use; b) know the association of Carabidae species with herbaceous vegetation; c) analyze the proportion of species according to their specialisation to habitat requirements, capacity of dispersion in relation to wing dimorphism and sinanthropism, and d) identify typical species of different environments and e) record the presence of larvae. The study was conducted in an agroecosystem from Laguna Nahuel Ruca (37°37'04'' S - 57°25'16'' W). We selected different sampling environments: three forest environments, three open environments and a mixed environment; all of them were sampled monthly with "pitfall" traps during one year. We made a ranking to measure the degree of human modification of each environment. Higher values of species richness were recorded in forest environments. Carabidae assemblages differed according to habitat structure. We identify typical species of open environments as well as forest environments. The proportion of macropterous and synanthropic species tended to be higher in open environments, while there was no difference in the proportion of eurytopic species. Ten species of Carabidae were associated with families Convolvulaceae, Apiaceae and Fabaceae in spring. Seven species of larvae were recorded mainly in forest environments during summer. We concluded that land use and the structure of environment influence the local biodiversity of Carabidae. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.220.127.116.11.232


The three-dimensional (3D) visualization of historical and cultural heritage in the province of Caceres is essential for tourism promotion. This study uses panoramic spherical photography and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for the geometric characterization and cataloguing of sites of cultural interest, according to the principles of the Charter of Krakow. The benefits of this project include improved knowledge dissemination of the cultural heritage of Caceres in a society that demands state-of-the-art tourist information. In this sense, this study has three specific aims: to develop a highly reliable methodology for modeling heritage based on a combination of non-destructive geomatics methods; to design and develop software modules for interactive 3D visualization of models; and to promote knowledge of the historical and cultural heritage of Caceres by creating a hypermedia atlas accessible via the Internet. Through this free-of-charge hypermedia atlas, the tourist accesses 3D photographic and interactive scenes, videos created by 3D point clouds obtained from laser scanning and 3D models available for downloading in ASCII format, and thus acquire a greater knowledge of the touristic attractions in the province of Caceres.


Several thermal analysis methods(such as thermagravimetry and differential scan calorimetry) and the infrared absorption spectroscopy method are introduced in this paper.And the application of on-line operation of these methods is analyzed.The paper shows that there will be a widespread application of modern instrumental methods and the on-line operation with the development of techniques.


Let x, e > 0, uu < ■ ■ ■ < ud+e, and h > 0 be real numbers. Let / be a real valued function and let \(h; u, w)f(x)/?"'' be a difference quotient associated with a generalized Riemann derivative. Set / = (x + u0h,x + uJ+eh) and let / have its ordinary (d l)st derivative continuous on the closure of I and its Jth ordinary derivative /''" existent on /. A necessary and sufficient condition that a difference quotient satisfy a mean value theorem (i.e., that there be a £ e / such that the difference quotient is equal to /''"(£)) is given for d = 1 and d = 2. The condition is sufficient for all d. It is used to show that many generalized Riemann derivatives that are "good" for numerical analysis do not satisfy this mean value theorem. 1. Results. Let / be a real valued function of a real variable. The dth Riemann derivative of / is ^o(f)(-i)J-7(x+(^/2 + 0M *«/(*):= So-i=-• The first two special cases 5,/(x) = lim rl—0 -f(x-h/2)+f(x + h/2) h


A three-choice auditory oddity-task and two three-choice auditory matching-to-sample tasks in which the sample was presented first or last were presented to 96 normal Ss ranging in age from 7 to 25 yr. and to 36 children with reading problems aged 8 to 16 yr. Signal detection analysis was used to assess differences among positions of the odd or matching sound with respect to proportion correct (hit rate), decision strategy (false alarm rate), and underlying discriminability (d'). On the matching-to-sample tasks there was a very consistent bias at all ages against responding to the sound most remote from the sample, even though the remote sounds were not less discriminable. On the oddity-task a bias against choosing the first sound and toward choosing the third sound occurred for younger children. Positional differences for children with reading problems were almost identical with those of normal Ss.


In this article, the effective permittivity of two-phase dielectric mixtures is calculated by applying the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. Two slightly different TLM algorithms are considered: a hybrid approach, which combines the TLM method with a subgriding technique based on dual capacitor circuits, to allow a refined description of the material, and a standard or pure TLM approach, which uses a mesh size smaller than the typical dimension of insertions in order to appropriately describe details of the geometry. A study of the statistical distribution of permittivity for insertions in random positions is also presented, showing that the effective permittivity of the mixture tends to concentrate around the mean value as insertions reduce in size. Both TLM techniques are applied to dielectric mixtures in two-dimensional situations. When the concentration of insertions is small, the results are in close agreement with prediction formulae while for higher concentration values, deviations are observed, although basically the results fall within the range predicted by theoretical bounds. Numerical results obtained using the two TLM approaches present a similar qualitative behavior; nevertheless, a clear difference is observed between them. The study of special periodic situations with coated insertions allows us to identify the pure TLM results as more accurate than those of the hybrid approach and also explains why homogeneous distributions provide numerical values close to the theoretical limits. The effects of shape on permittivity are also modeled and deviations to the Wiener bounds are discussed in detail, using two- and three-dimensional examples in practical situations.


A novel criterion with memory nonlinearity (CRIMNO) is introduced for blind equalization problems. The basic idea of CRIMNO is to make use of the fact that the transmitted data are statistically independent of each other. It is shown that CRIMNO may not have local minima if its weights are chosen properly, thereby guaranteeing global convergence. An adaptive weight CRIMNO algorithm is also presented and tested with simulation examples of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. It is shown that the adaptive weight CRIMNO algorithm exhibits faster convergence speed than the Godard (1980) algorithm without any significant increase in computational complexity.<<ETX>>


A first assessment of low-Z impurity transport in beam-heated NSTX H-modes has been performed using magnetic field and current scans at fixed q-profile as well as temperature scans at constant plasma density, current and toroidal field. Impurity diffusivity levels consistent with the neoclassical predictions have been found, whereas a reversal of the convective velocity at low fields indicates an anomalous effect to be at play at the gradient region. Studies on the impact of rotation in low-density H-modes have also shown that heavy and not fully stripped impurities with high Mach numbers can experience core diffusivities several times larger than that of the 'standard' neoclassical transport for stationary plasmas, without the need of invoking the presence of long wavelength core electrostatic turbulence. As a result of a deliberate neon impurity injection we have also observed a correlation between the strength of the emitted radiation, the earlier appearance of tearing modes activity and an enhanced plasma cooling that resulted in enlarged magnetic islands.


The abundance and species spectrum of cockchafers of the genus Melolontha and characteristics of the tribes in four forest regions of the Czech Republic was explored. We used light traps, automatic meteorological stations and field investigations to study the course of swarming, species composition, abundance of the respective tribes, sex ratio during swarming and the dependence of swarming on the average daily temperature. Studies will continue in the next years and the objective is to use the results for prognosis of the occurrence of cockchafers and the damages subsequently caused by grubs in forest cultures.


When I decided to write about edgework over twenty-five years ago, I had no idea that I had put myself on a pathway of sustained engagement with one of the most important sociologists of the twentieth century. As an academic sociologist in the early stages of my career, I felt that I had a good general understanding of Erving Goffman's most important ideas and a proper appreciation of his unique contributions to my discipline. Although I had a certain affinity for Goffman's brand of sociology, I deliberately avoided pressure from close friends and colleagues to become a "Goffmaniac," the kind of disciple that Goffman's work often seems to inspire. However, when I took up the task of formulating a theoretical explanation of volitional risk taking, I had no choice but to dig more deeply into Goffman's work, in particular, his famous essay entitled Where the Action Is (1967), which at that time was one of the very few sociological theories of risktaking behavior. The most immediate result of this excavation was a better understanding of the theoretical differences between my concept of edgework and Goffman's notion of action, but the long term consequence was a profound appreciation of the power and relevance of Goffman's ideas for making sense of the contemporary social world.This appreciation of Goffman's work has been enhanced in recent years by my emersion in a body of theory and research that offers a unique perspective on the emerging social conditions that account for the growing relevance of Goffman's theory of action. The work of Anthony Giddens, Ulrich Beck, and their collaborators on risk society and reflexive modernization has given me a deeper understanding of the importance of risk and uncertainty as central problems faced by members of twenty-first century global society. Moreover, the risk society perspective has directly impacted my own research by raising an intriguing question: In a world in which everyone is forced to contend with new global risks and expanding uncertainties in everyday life, why do increasing numbers of people seem to find pleasure and satisfaction in taking unnecessary risks? In accordance with the organizing theme of the Special Issue, my paper addresses this question by exploring potentially useful links between Goffman's ideas on risk and fatefulness and core ideas of the risk society perspective. I will argue that if we live in a risk society and culture today-and I think we do-then Goffman's theory of action captures social processes that are critically important for ensuring the continued reproduction of the social order, processes that are presently not theorized within the risk society perspective.In developing this argument, I will begin by identifying some key convergences between Goffman's dramaturgical perspective and general ideas on risk society and reflexive modernization deriving from the distinctive theoretical programs advanced by Ulrich Beck (1992) and Anthony Giddens (1990, 1991). These convergences create the possibility of a conceptual integration of Goffman's theory of action and major elements of the risk society framework. Next, I explain how such an integration is possible considering that Goffman's theory of action (published in 1967) is oriented to social conditions prevailing in mid-twentieth century U.S. society while the risk society perspective refers to globalized social relations of the twenty-first century. Here, I will assert that the ontological issues that inspired Goffman's theoretical reflections on voluntary risk taking behavior ("action") have become even more significant in recent decades, which gives his theory of action greater purchase on contemporary social conditions than the social circumstances of his own time. I then move to a discussion of Scott Lash's work on "risk culture" (2000) and "aesthetic reflexivity" (1993) to lay the conceptual foundation for orienting Goffman's ideas on action to the processes of reflexive modernization described by Beck, Giddens, and Lash (1994). …


This paper proposes instantaneous environment adaptation techniques for both additive noise and channel distortion based on the fast PMC (FPMC) and the MAP-CMS methods. The instantaneous adaptation techniques enable a recognizer to improve recognition on a single sentence that is used for the adaptation in real-time. The key innovations enabling the system to achieve the instantaneous adaptation are: (1) a cepstral mean subtraction method based on maximum a posteriori estimation (MAP-CMS), (2) real-time implementation of the fast parallel model combination (PMC) that we proposed previously, (3) utilization of multi-pass search, and (4) a new combination method of MAP-CMS and FPMC to solve the problem of both channel distortion and additive noise. Experiment results showed that the proposed methods enabled the system to perform recognition and adaptation simultaneously nearly in real-time and obtained good improvements in performance.


As a preparatory study on space‐borne laser propulsion, flight experiments with a parabolic thruster were carried out on an air cushion table. The thruster was mounted like a sail on a puck, allowing for laser‐driven motion in three degrees of freedom (3 DOF) in artificial weightlessness. Momentum coupling is derived from point explosion theory for various parabolic thruster geometries with respect to energy scaling issues. The experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions and with results from vertical free flights. Experimental results for the air‐breakdown threshold and POM ablation inside the thruster are compared with fluence data from beam propagation modeling.


As homelessness in Canada worsens, it is essential to ask what kind of impact an influenza pandemic might have on the homeless population and urban communities across the country. Estimates suggest that at least 200,000 individuals use homeless shelters annually across Canada (Gaetz, Donaldson, Richter, & Gulliver, 2013; Gaetz, Gulliver, & Richter, 2014). Canada's homelessness response system has historically been focused on emergency response, much of which is characterized by dangerously overcrowded sleeping conditions, poor air quality and residents being forced onto the streets during daylight hours. Homeless people typically suffer from poor health, nutritional vulnerability, compromised immune systems and barriers to accessing health services (Frankish et al., 2005). In the event of a pandemic, it is not clear whether the infrastructures to address homelessness, Public Health departments, or the health care system in general, will be prepared to adequately respond to the risks faced by the homeless population.


means of teaching and illustrating basic design principles. The authors do not directly discuss these issues, although they indicate that many of the basic principles presented in the text are applicable to interactive computer graphics systems which use command language or menus: "... in practice, graphics procedures are often embedded in computer-aided design programs..." (p. 221). The apparent assumption, however, is that most interactive computer graphics systems are too limited, and in order to successfully use computers as design tools, designers need programming experience. Our own experience would suggest that the authors are absolutely correct in this assumption, but even if one disagrees that knowledge of graphics programming is essential in design education and practice, there is still much to be gained by reading this book. Gary Kessler and DougJohnston are on the faculty of the Department of Landscape Architecture, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 214 Mumford Hall, 1301 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801.


A two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime spectrometer based on a synchroscan streak camera was presented.The spectrometer was calibrated using a Titanium:Sapphire femtosecond laser in conjunction with a custom-made synchronized streak circuit,tunable delay generator and a set of etalons.Experimental results show that the temporal resolution of this spectrometer is 9 ps,nonlinearity is less than 4%,and the sweep range is 2.8 ns.Fluorescence decay profile of fluorescent dye Rose Bengal(RsB) is recorded with the spectrometer.Nonlinear least square fitting of the decay profile gives that the lifetime of RsB is 763 ps,consistent with standard fluorescence dyes.


Lung surfactant composition capable of forming a dynamic expansion phase when dispersed in a medium containing an electrolyte. Dynamic expansion process can be observed by polarized light microscopy, as a result, birefringence network or tubules are formed at the air / liquid interface. Dynamic expansion process, as compared to the diffusion of pulmonary surfactant in a non-dynamic expansion phase, to diffuse pulmonary surfactant over a large surface area. The pulmonary surfactant for example, a specific time after dispersed in physiological electrolyte solution, dispersion occurs. Thereby, more active diffusion into the alveoli of the pulmonary surfactant may occur after administration to the lung, as a result, the contact treatment of the sites of difficult lung or other organs or body, preventing and / or as a diagnostic agent for the carrier, the possibility of using such compositions are provided. Lung surfactant composition of the present invention, when dispersed as powder or particles of sodium chloride 0.9% w / w concentration of 10% w / w at ambient temperature, in the expansion process, as observed by polarized light microscopy in air over a period of about 0.5 to 120 minutes - consisting pulmonary surfactant capable of forming a birefringent network or tubules solid interface - liquid.


Abstract In order to quantify the temporal variations of ocean properties, the MINERVE programme was designed to perform time-series measurements in the Southern Indian Ocean south of Australia. In the sub-Antarctic region (SAR, 48.5 ± 6.0°S), the mean CO2 flux increased from spring to summer from -6.8 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -9.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In the Permanent Open Ocean Zone (POOZ, 57.5 ± 3.0°S), we observed lower pCO2 in summer than in spring (340 and 398 μatm, respectively). The mean CO2 flux showed large temporal variations from -0.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. The large temporal variation was associated with increased phytoplankton biomass. In the Continental Antarctic Zone (66.0 ± 1.0°S), the mean CO2 flux decreased from +14.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.4 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In winter and spring, deep water mixing and seasonal sea-ice strongly increase pCO2sea above atmospheric level. In contrast, during summer, the effect of biological CO2 uptake decreased pCO2sea. Furthermore, these data allowed us to parameterize AT and CT as a function of temperature and salinity.


We study whether stock exchanges induce herding by examining a sample of firms that switch from NASDAQ to the NYSE. While trades on an exchange may display herd-like behavior due to comovement with aggregate variables, we argue that a change in listing venue is largely free of contemporaneous changes in such comovement, and allows us to isolate the influence of the listing locale on trading behavior. Our tests reveal that, following the switch, trades for the switching firms commove more strongly with NYSE trades and less strongly with NASDAQ trades, suggesting that investors in firms listed on either the NYSE or NASDAQ act as herds. A similar pattern is found for stock returns, with approximately one-half of the change in return comovement following the switch to the NYSE explained by the change in trading comovement. The results are not driven by changes in asset characteristics or fundamental cash flows, nor can they be explained away by differential speeds of information incorporation on the two exchanges. Overall, these patterns are not easily reconcilable with rational models of herding; instead, they appear more consistent with a habitat view of comovement proposed by Barberis, Shleifer and Wurgler (2005).


【Objective】To establish a mathematical model to predict the incidence of syphilis in Shenzhen,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment policies.【Methods】Using the survey data and literature data to establish predictive model of the incidence of syphilis in Shenzhen city by system dynamics methods.And predicted the situation of syphilis from 2004 to 2015.【Results】By the test through his historical data,models and historical test data were within 5% difference.It is forecast that from 2011 to 2015,there will be a steady increase in syphilis,and the people who have several sexual partners and female sex workers rise faster,while further to the proliferation of low-risk populations.【Conclusion】The system dynamics model of Shenzhen syphilis fit well and it can be used to predict,and we should work to strengthen the STD control of high-risk groups,and pay attention to the spread of low-risk populations.


Protein intake, zinc intake, and zinc deficiency in underweight female students attending Islamic Boarding School in IndonesiaBackground: One of the nutritional issues in Indonesia is underweight. Groups of teenage girls tend to have underweight especially female students (santriwati) who live far from their parents. It happens due to a lack of macronutrients and micronutrients, zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency impacts are reproductive disorders, stunted growth, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Objective: Analyzing the differences in zinc levels, protein, and zinc intakes between female students with underweight and normal nutritional status. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School with 24 underweight female students selected by consecutive sampling and 24 normal nutritional status female students were selected by matching techniques based on age. Data included nutritional status assessed by BMI for age z-score, protein and zinc intakes assessed by Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and zinc levels were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The data analyses used Mann-Whitney test. Results: Underweight female students had lower average protein intake than normal nutritional status female students (52.20±25.06 and 75.52±23.19 grams) as well as zinc intake (4.63±1.22 and 7.51±1.94 grams). Protein and zinc intake were significantly different, but the two groups did not differ in zinc levels. All subjects had a normal zinc level of 100%. Conclusions: There was a difference in protein and zinc intake between underweight and normal nutritional female students (p<0.001), while the zinc levels were not found any differences (p=0.773).


Recently, the reliability and safety of electrical drives became very important, especially in critical applications, such as in automotive, aerospace and military industry. For such systems, it is desirable to detect and identify different kind of faults and, if possible, to continue operating after the fault occurs. After single open-phase fault is detected and identified, it is desirable to continue operating with reduced power. In this paper, modified direct torque control method for post-fault operation of permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented, without the need of changing the topology of power converter. In order to avoid negative torque operation, pre-firing angle is also introduced. The proposed method has been simulated and tested in Matlab/Simulink.


On 22 December 2009, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (hereafter: the Court) issued a judgment on the applications filed by two citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr Dervo Sejdić and Mr Jakob Finci. It found a violation of their rights under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under the Protocols to the Convention. Bosnia and Herzegovina had violated the applicants' rights under Article 14 of the Convention in conjunction with Article 3 of Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and under Article 1 of Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.


We find that several key endogenous structural proteins including collagen, acto-myosin, and tubulin give rise to intense second harmonic generation (SHG) and that these structures can be imaged in intact tissues on a laser-scanning microscope. Because SHG is a non-resonant process, this modality suffers little inherent photobleaching or toxicity. In this study we demonstrate the clarity of SHG optical sectioning within unfixed, unstained thick specimens, including fish scales, C. elegans, and mouse muscle, where penetration into tissue upwards of 600 microns was achieved. The simultaneous use of SHG and two-photon excited GFP fluorescence allows for the inference of the molecular isoform that gives rise to SHG from the myofilament lattice in C. elegans. The physical origin of SHG within these tissues is addressed and is attributed to the laser interaction with dipolar protein structures. SHG polarization anisotropy is also used to determine the extent of dipolar order and radial symmetry in the helical structures. Comparisons are drawn between SHG and other forms of microscopy including polarization and fluorescence microscopy, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages.


The constant flow valve according to the invention has a chamber 6, the chamber inside the first diaphragm 8 and the second diaphragm 9 and third diaphragm 10 having a valve member 7 is provided and, and it separates the chamber into a first pressure chamber 11, the second valve chamber 12, the first valve chamber 13 and the second pressure chamber (18). A first pressure chamber having a first means for applying a constant force towards the inside with respect to the second diaphragm has a second pressure chamber the means for applying a certain force towards the inside with respect to the third diaphragm. A first valve chamber is lower that tube to the inlet passage, and the second valve chamber having a valve seat 27 corresponding to the valve member, via a communication hole provided to the first diaphragm by the valve seat communicating chamber and the first valve of claim 2 is divided into the valve chamber 14 and the outlet passage is connected to the top second valve chamber 15 through. Valves, chambers, pressure chamber, the diaphragm


13
 C and 1H n.m.r. evidence has been obtained for the formation of olefin π-complexes of [Co(CN)4]3– with diethyl maleate (1) and fumarate (2) and disodium maleate (3) and fumarate (4); the complex of (1) isomerises to that of (2) probably via a σ-complex of the carbanion (7).


We present computations of membrane airfoil behavior subject to aerodynamic loading and compare them with in vivo measurements of membrane wings of bats during flight. The computational method assumes an inviscid potential flow (with net circulation determined by a Kutta condition), is computed using XFOIL and iteratively coupled with a finite element model describing the membrane behavior. We find that a simple model assuming uniform loading is largely confirmed, particularly for very compliant membranes in which the pressure loading is focused at the center of the airfoil. Stiffer wings transition to the more traditional pressure distribution predicted by thin airfoil theory for rigid wings. Comparisons with sail theories are also made, illustrating the effect of compliance. Additionally, the in vivo measurements of membrane deformation during bat flight are acquired from detailed kinematics recorded from Cynopterus brachyotis, flying in a wind tunnel. We demonstrate that the expansion of the wing area during the downstroke of the flight cycle exhibits area increases of up to 100% during the downstroke. In addition, comparisons with the computational theory show good qualitative agreement.


A new implementation of frequency shifting for the delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (DSHI) is proposed in this paper. In order to avoid the costly and complicated acoustic-optic modulator to shift frequency in the DSHI, we propose that a phase modulator can be used instead. The alternative strategy simplifies the complexity of the DSHI setup, as well as reduces the modulation-induced noise by modulating the two arms of DSHI at the same time. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that such a strategy successfully fulfills the frequency shifting function for the DSHI and accurate measurement of a laser's linewidth and lineshape is realized correspondingly.


The  learning and teaching processes are the  essences of  an  educational system. They are characterised by  complexity and many-sidedness. More and more often, however, there is a tendency to diminish the consequences of this process to either the marks obtained, or a body of knowledge absorbed, by students. What is absolutely forgotten and neglected is the matter of  infl uence of  this process on the way the students' skills and knowledge are tested. Such an infl uence is called the washback effect. The most common and popular contemporary tool used in the evaluation process is a test. Its external and standardised version has become a signifi cant element of the Polish education system. In 2009, for the fi rst time, lower secondary school students took such an exam in English and, since then, this way of testing has become a relevant part of the Polish educational system. The main goal of the present paper is to observe, examine, and describe the washback effect of lower secondary school examinations in English that are external and standardised. To be able to achieve the chosen goal, the present author decided to design, form, and conduct research based on the existing body of literature of the subject matter. The entire present paper represents the author's attempt to fulfi l set goals.


An array substrate and drive method thereof, and display apparatus, the array substrate comprising longitudinally and transversely intersecting gate lines (110) and data lines (111), a plurality of partitioned pixel units (11), and a charge-sharing unit (12); the charge-sharing unit (12) is connected to at least two data lines (111); when the gate lines are not inputting a scan signal to turn on the pixel units (11), the charge-sharing unit (12) is in electrical communication with the at least two connected data lines (111). The present array substrate does not require a circuit with a charge-sharing function to be disposed within a drive unit (13) which drives the display of the display screen, thereby reducing the cost of the drive unit (13) and advantaging the flattening of the drive unit (13).


The Brazilian SAMU uses the French model and operates with a regionalized, hierarchical and decentralized Single Regulated Medical Regulation Center in the composition of rescue teams and mobile units such as USBs (Basic Support Unit) and USAs (Advanced Support Unit) that vary according to with the type of severity of the event. In the city of Ribeirão Preto, the SAMU service, implemented in 1996, was municipal until 2012, but following the resolutions and ordinances of the Ministry of Health, there was a need to transition from SAMU Municipal to SAMU Regional, with a single number (192) for the 26 municipalities of the Regional Health Department of Ribeirão Preto (DRS XIII) consisting of 38 (thirty-eight) USBs, with 1 USB for each decentralized base, 13 USB for Ribeirão Preto, 01 (one) motolance team and more 03 (three) USAs (advanced life support units) for each base in the microregional poles municipalities (Ribeirão Preto, Sertãozinho and Batatais). Based on this information, this study aimed to characterize the structure and functioning of the Municipal SAMU and its Central Emergency Regulation and the transition to regionalization in its structural aspects, human resources, technological and mainly financial viability, considering the tripartite pass-through insufficient. (2013 to 2016). For the financial viability, the CIS-AVH Consortium (inter-municipal health consortium Aquifer, Guaraní, Vale das cachoeiras and Horizonte verde) was instituted. The Intermunicipal Health Consortiums (CISs) are very important instruments of cooperation and


The invention relates to a core word importance recognition method and equipment and a search result sorting method and equipment. The core word importance recognition method is used for recognizing importance of core words in information released by an information release user, and is characterized by including: determining multiple core words in the released information; according to features of the released information, giving a corresponding initial weight value to each of the core words; according to a historical behavior log of the information release user, regulating the initial weight value corresponding to each core word so as to obtain a corresponding final weight value. Recognition accuracy of the importance of the core words can be improved, so that searching and sorting accuracy of the related released information is improved.


The article is devoted to the "fragmentary completeness" as a structure forming basis of Malcolm Bradbury's novel "To the Hermitage". This work is constructed at the turn of two counter directional tendencies: to the partition the text and to the interaction this parts as an integrated system. The research is based on the system methodology and every fragment is considered in terms of functionality in the borders of unified text.


The purposes of this thesis are to examine the hypothesis according to which psychological features are a modifier of the relation between exposure to air pollution and childhood asthma. To this extent, we used the data from the cross-sectional French 6 Cities Study and the longitudinal EDEN (Study of pre- and post-natal determinants of children?s growth and development) mother-child cohort study to examine the hypothesis. The data show that both subjectively and objectively measured air pollutants were related to childhood asthma. The analyses on the relationships between psychological factors and childhood asthma and allergies yielded that children with behavioral problems had a higher odds ratio in relation to prevalences of asthma and eczema, asthma severity and early asthma onset in the French 6 Cities study and maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with the development of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the first 5 years of life in children of the EDEN mother-child cohort study. Taking into account the interactions between air pollutants and psychological factors, results showed that the relationships between air pollutants and childhood asthma were modified by psychological factors. In conclusion, our results add new evidence on the relationships between subjectively and objectively measured air pollutants and/or psychological factors (behavioral problems and maternal depression during pregnancy) and childhood asthma and imply to consider children with psychological problems as a population susceptible to the detrimental effects of air pollutants and take into account these factors simultaneously into the paradigm of childhood asthma prevention.


The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and arterial stiffness in pregnancy. Thirty-nine women participated in this study resulting in 68 measurements in non-pregnant (NP; n=21), first (TM1; n=8), second (TM2; n=20), and third trimesters (TM3; n=19). Compliance, distensibility, elasticity, β-stiffness, and carotid to femoral (central) and carotid to finger (peripheral) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed. MVPA was measured using accelerometry. Multilevel linear regressions adjusted for multiple tests per participant using random effects to generate β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed. Distensibility, elasticity, β-stiffness, central- and peripheral-PWV did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant assessments. Carotid artery compliance was higher in TM2 compared to NP. Central PWV (β Coef: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.27, -0.02) decreased from early to mid-pregnancy and increased in late pregnancy. Meeting the MVPA guidelines was significantly associated with central-PWV (Adj. β Coef: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.06, p=0.016), peripheral-PWV (Adj. β Coef: -0.54, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.16, p=0.005), and distensibility (Adj. β Coef: -0.001, 95% CI: -0.002, -0.0001, p=0.018), in pregnancy. These results suggest that MVPA may be associated with improved (i.e. reduced) arterial stiffness in pregnancy. Novelty Bullets • Central PWV, distensibility, compliance, elasticity, and ß-stiffness, but not peripheral PWV, exhibited curvilinear relationships with gestational age • Central and peripheral PWV were lower in pregnant women who met the physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week.


In recent years it has become increasingly fashionable for both lawyers and political scientists to emphasize the interdisciplinary character of their work. Yet, all too often the promise of interdisciplinarity is not kept. Rather, interdisciplinarity is confused either with the crude instrumentalization of other disciplines' knowledge while ignoring the underlying methodological assumptions or with an oversimplified dissolution of disciplinary distinctions. What is frequently missing is threefold: on a general level, reflection on the potential gains and the potential risks or obstacles related to the collaboration of the two disciplines; on a more concrete level, a conscious awareness of complementary or compatible concepts and approaches; and finally, on the most concrete level, the identification of specific topics for which interdisciplinary cooperation is particularly advantageous. Taking these considerations seriously, this paper first draws on the field of migration research to illustrate the benefits deriving from the cooperative effort between legal and political science in that area. Secondly, on a more general level, this paper identifies some potentials as well as some pitfalls of the interdisciplinary cooperation between law and politics.


The surface stability problem of an encapsulated microbubble in an ultrasound field is numerically addressed. To predict the nonlinear process, the continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equation are directly solved by means of a boundary-fitted finitevolume method on an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The bubble is insonified by an ultrasound pulse consisting of a burst of 10 cycles, of which the first and last two periods are modified by a Gaussian envelope. The simulation code reproduces a shape oscillation of a gas bubble with an initial radius of 30µm at a pressure frequency of 130kHz as shown in experimental and theoretical studies [1]. The effects of the membrane on the shape oscillation are investigated through simulations of a micrometersized bubble encapsulated with a neo-Hookean membrane at an ultrasonic frequency of 1MHz. The encapsulated bubble presents a second-order shape instability, while the gas bubble of the same size keeps spherical because the surface tension significantly suppresses the shape oscillation. The strain-softening features with increasing the oscillation amplitude are characterized by a larger expansion and the higher harmonics when the bubble


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to prove if dynamic HASTE (half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo) sequences can be used in the diagnosis of internal derangement disorders of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as an alternative to static proton density (PD) weighted/turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequences which are considered up to now as the gold standard in the evaluation of TMJ disorders (TMDs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
194 patients for a total of 388 TMJs were examined with a 1.5 Tesla field strength superconducting magnet. Sagittal static PD-weighted/TSE T2-weighted and dynamic HASTE sequences have been used. Three experts in the field of oral radiology (specialist A, B and C) independently and blinded to clinical symptoms and any treatment, assessed the articular disc position in each TMJ (rated as normal or disc displacement with reduction or disc displacement without reduction). The agreement between static and dynamic images and between the three different specialists in the assessment of the articular disc position was evaluated using kappa statistic.

RESULTS
The agreement between static and dynamic images is: for specialist A, K = 0.862; for specialist B, K = 0.870 and for specialist C, K = 0.862.

CONCLUSIONS
Since there is no complete agreement between these two MR techniques, dynamic sequences can not be used as a reliable alternative to static sequences in the evaluation of internal derangement disorders of TMJ.


This study examined the effect of aqueous extract of Anisopus manni stem in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fifteen male rats were randomly distributed into three groups of five rats each. Normal and diabetic control groups were given distilled water. Diabetic treated group, received 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Anisopus manni. All Administrations (oral) were carried out daily for 28 days using gavage. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were recorded at intervals of 7 days. Significant (P<0.05) increases in TG, Total cholesterol, LDL-C with significant (P<0.05) decrease in HDL-C levels were observed in diabetic control compared to normal control. Significant increase was also observed in the fasting blood glucose of diabetic control rats relative to normal control. The plant extract reverses the effects of alloxan on lipid profile levels and fasting blood glucose of diabetic treated animals. The extract exerted significant (P< 0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose level in diabetic treated rat from week one to week three compared to diabetic control. No significant (P>0.05) effect was observed in the fourth week. The findings indicate that Anisopus mannii possess hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic potentials.


The paper presents the evolution of the attitude to multilingualism on the part of society and state authority. The principle of multilingualism is gaining support at all levels, including the internal life of the ethnically heterogeneous nations. The problems of overcoming the traditional stereotype thinking, which regards monolingualism as a norm and multilingualism as a deviation from the norm, are shown on the example of some countries where multilingualism has a legislative basis.


We are living through a fundamental transformation in the way we work. Automation and 'thinking machines' are replacing human tasks and jobs, and changing the skills that organisations are looking for in their people. These momentous changes raise huge organisational, talent and HR challenges, at a time when business leaders are already wrestling with unprecedented risks, disruption and political and societal change. The emergence of incredible new techniques such as automation, robotics and the emerging development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has caused optimism and concern across the world in equal measure. Plenty of academics and industry analysts predict ruthlessly swift and sizeable job takeovers by technology, to the tune of as much as 25% of all current jobs. Others predict that the integration of said technology will be much more harmonious, creating new jobs and opportunities even as a widening range of tasks are absorbed by machines. Appropriate Workforce planning needs to be done by considering the need and preparing strategies for preparing future ready workforce to work in companies, regarding updating and adapting established work patterns and processes all need to be taken into account when building a future workforce. While all the technological trends previously outlined offer enticing possibilities in terms of operational cost savings as they replace jobs and improve efficiency, the truly exciting element of their potential lies in inspiring a change in business attitudes and empowering employees to achieve more in their revitalised and reimagined roles. This research article studies the need for strategic workforce planning which can help organisations to adapt to changing technology.


The Schottky barrier characteristics of Ni on p-GaN have been investigated using current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) and capacitance–voltage characteristics (C–V) measurements. Barrier height values ranging from 2.68 to 2.87 eV were obtained from C–V measurements. The temperature dependence of I–V characteristics clearly indicated the dominance of tunneling current in the transport mechanism of the diodes, therefore, barrier height determination using I–V measurements can lead to erroneous results, as indicated by the wide range of barrier heights reported in the literature. Acceptor concentration, deduced from C–V measurements, was found to be of 1019/cm3 within 200 A of the sample surface, and tapered off to be ∼1018/cm3. These values are 10–100 times higher than the hole concentration of ∼1017/cm3 obtained from Hall measurements.


The B-cell receptors of malignant B-cells each contain a monoclonal immunoglobulin sequence which may be relevant for both prognosis and cell of origin. The character of somatic hypermutations (SHM) has been studied to predict whether antigen contacted the B-cell prior to its malignant transformation, or at least whether the SHMs observed are 'canonical', or consistent with those expected from mutation machinery used for antigen-driven SHM. Hairy cell leukemia B-cell receptors have previously been evaluated for gene usage and homology to germline sequence, but detection of canonical SHMs was not previously possible because of the limited number of HCL rearrangements. To compare HCL with CLL and normal B-cells, somatic hypermutation (SHM) features in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were examined in a series of 130 immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangements, including 102 from 100 classic (HCLc) and 28 from 26 variant (HCLv) patients. The frequency of unmutated rearrangements in HCLc was much lower than that in HCLv (18% vs 54%, p=0.0003) or historically in CLL (18% vs 46%, p=9×10-9), but HCLv and CLL were similar (p=0.45). As previously reported for CLL, evidence of canonical SHM was observed in HCLc rearrangements including 1) a higher ratio of replacement to silent mutations (R/S ratio) in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) than framework regions (FRs) (2.83 vs 1.40, p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-348


This research-in-progress paper investigates knowledge management activities in communities and networks of practice and the role and use of IT in such knowledge networks. Drawn from the network model including social-practice perspectives (Wenger 1998; Brown and Duguid 2000; Brown and Duguid 2001), social network theory (Granovetter 1973), and actor network theory (Law and Callon 1992; Latour 1996) and by reviewing existing literature, we develop five research questions. A case study with a university IT department is used to answer the five research questions.


In this report the moisture conditions and the moisture diffusivity of the concrete and its variations are estimated by computer calculations.


Indonesia needs to improve its irrigation system by implementing respectable technology. Recently, Indonesian irrigation systems have intended to switch from analog to digital technology. However, it appeared that Indonesia was having some issues applying digital technology in many areas. For instance, delivering water from water sources to irrigation subversives requires a computer infrastructure. A manual water level monitoring tool has been used in irrigation canals to gauge the water level that flows through them. The major goal of this project is to design a digital measuring device for water level and water temperature in the irrigation channel. The appropriate information must be entered into the irrigation channels. An experimental investigation has been conducted into the accuracy of digital instrument design for detecting water level and water temperature in irrigation channels. The creation of the digital water level measurement design will be tested against manual measurement to determine the percentage difference. The percentage difference between the traditional water level measurement and the digital water level measurement is the anticipated outcome. It is possible to infer that it is crucial to use digital tools, especially when determining the water level in irrigation channels.


Using the method of the Fourier analysis, we obtain spectral-density distributions of the dependence of the nonreciprocal phase difference of counterpropagating waves at the output of a fiber ring interferometer on the temperature of a single-mode fiber lightguide of the interferometer circuit. It is shown that the main role in measuring the nonreciprocal phase difference is played by the temperature variation in the difference of the optical-path in slow and fast birefringence axes of the single-mode fiber lightguide between the circuit ends and random irregularities. Polarization nonreciprocity due to nonsymmetric location of the anisotropic elements of a fiber-ring interferometer (FRI) circuit with respect to its center leads to the appearance of a rotation-independent nonreciprocal phase difference of counterpropagating waves at the FRI output (the so-called FRI zero shift) and mainly restricts the accuracy of measuring the angular speed of rotation [1]. Temperature variation of a single-mode fiber-lightguide used for manufacturing the FRI circuit results in variation in its linear birefringence, which leads to a change in the FRI zero shift ϕ because of the change in the linear interaction of orthogonal polarization modes of a single-mode fiber lightguide at random irregularities [2, 3]. In [4], we obtained the dependences of the FRI zero shift on the temperature t of the single-mode fiber lightguide of the circuit, i.e., the temperature drift ϕ(t) of the FRI zero, for different emission linewidths and different values of the linear birefringence of a single-mode fiber lightguide of the FRI circuit. The rate of the zero-shift variation is an important FRI characteristic. It is desired that the specified temperature variation causes minimum variation in the zero shift. This work is aimed at studying the corresponding spectral dependences of ϕ(t) by the Fourier-analysis method in order to find the characteristic temperature periods of variation in the quantity ϕ(t). Let us consider the temperature spectra Sϕ(t −1 ) of the dependences ϕ(t) which were calculated


Ocean surface wind remote sensing using reflectometry measurements from S‐band (2.3 GHz) digital communication satellite transmissions is demonstrated in tropical cyclones. Twelve days of airborne data were collected during the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season. An empirical model function, relating the sensed ocean surface mean square slope to wind speed, was first developed by fitting mean square slope estimates to comparison wind speed data from the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer on the same aircraft and wind direction data from the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model. This model function was then applied for wind speed retrievals using an independent set of reflectometry measurements and validated against four data sources: Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer, the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model, dropsondes, and flight‐level winds. Good agreement between these retrievals and comparison data was found, with a root‐mean square error between 4.9 and 6.6 m/s and a bias between −1.4 and −0.2 m/s for wind speeds up to 50 m/s.


Abstract : This report reviews several topics in the area of cold stress, including the process of thermoregulation, human performance under cold stress, physiological injury, deterioration of morale, acclimatization, individual differences, and tolerance of cold. Ways and means of counteracting cold stress to improve task performance are emphasized.


Abstract Disclosure: G.D. Cain: None. D. Goldsmith: None. E. Ruel: None. Introduction: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that can effect multiple organ systems. Pericardial effusion is a rare but significant complication of hypothyroidism. Early diagnosis and management of the pericardial effusion is important to prevent progression to cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic instability. We present a case of pericardial effusion in a 62-year-old female with hypothyroidism and medication non-compliance. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old female with past medical history of hypothyroidism and hypertension presented to the emergency department due to altered mental status. Patient's family reported that she had a progressive decline in her speech for more than a month, until she became completely aphasic on day of presentation, which prompted them to call EMS. Patient had diminished exercise capacity, dyspnea on exertion, bilateral pedal edema over the past couple of months. Family also reported that the patient had been depressed and negligent of her health following the passing of her husband three years ago. She was not taking her medications including levothyroxine. In the ED, patient was hypertensive, blood pressure was 190/100. CT head stroke protocol did not show stroke. Chest x-ray showed massive cardiac enlargement. 2D-Echo confirmed a large pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. Thyroid function panel showed high TSH of 77, free T4 was undetectable. Pericardial effusion was most likely secondary to hypothyroidism. Myxedema coma was suspected due to patient's progressive mental deterioration. Patient also had myxedema of bilateral lower extremities. IV levothyroxine and hydrocortisone were started with improvement in her symptoms. A pericardial window was performed by the thoracic surgeon for her large pericardial effusion. Patient had large amounts of drainage from JP pericardial drain for more than two weeks following the surgery. JP drain was removed after the amount of drainage decreased to less than 100 ml a day. Cultures and cytology for malignancy were sent and all came back negative. Patient's symptoms improved with treatment and the she was discharged on levothyroxine 137 mcg daily. Patient was counseled to take her medication regularly. Follow-up appointments were arranged with primary care provider and endocrinology. Discussion: Pericardial effusion is a rare complication of hypothyroidism, more likely to be seen in severe, untreated hypothyroidism such as in this case. The mechanism of pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism is through increased capillary permeability in heart and decreased lymphatic drainage of albumin, resulting in accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. The effusion develops over time and patients can have large amounts of volume at the time of diagnosis without tamponade physiology. Early diagnosis is important to avoid tamponade and hemodynamic instability. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023


An HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous and rapid determination of thirteen sulfonamides in pork.Sulfonamide residues in samples were extracted with acidic acetonitrile.The extract was concentrated,defatted with hexane,filtered through a 0.22 μm filter membrane and transferred to a sample vial prior to HPLC-MS/MS analysis.Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex C18(100 mm × 2.1 mm,2.6 μm) column using a gradient elution with water(0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile as mobile phases.The mass spectrometer was operated using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode.All thirteen sulfonamides showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1 to 300 μg/kg,and the limit of quantification for each of the sulfonamides was below 10 μg/kg.The average recoveries from samples spiked at levels of 1,2 and 10 μg/kg ranged from 60.1% to 78.1% with relative standard deviations of 0.24%-8.88%.The HPLC-MS/MS method is simple,sensitive,selective,and applicable for the routine simultaneous determination of sulfonamides in meat.


By generalizing the definition of fidelity for the nonlinear system, we investigate the dynamics and adiabaticity of the population transfer for atom-molecule three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system on a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). We find that the adiabatic fidelity for the coherent population trapping state or dark state, as the function of the adiabatic parameter, approaches to unit in a power law. The power exponent, however, is much less than the prediction of the linear adiabatic theorem. We further discuss how to achieve higher adiabatic fidelity for the dark state through optimizing the external parameters of the STIRAP.