Local government bodies in New Zealand are required to produce infrastructure strategies. The approaches we have seen to date are largely extended renewals plans. They have little to no interrelationship to growth strategies, or plans that are designed to influence, implement and manage growth in towns and cities. But true strategies, if well developed and implemented, can prevent 'unexpected outcomes' that happen all too often in both the private and public sectors. In this paper we propose that a good strategy is based on the following elements: • Scenario planning, to set the vision and a general approach to meeting it, • Spatial planning, to demonstrate where infrastructure (new and upgrades) will be required to meet the vision, • Consultation, to inform likely responses to future scenarios, acceptability of management approaches, likely spatial developments, and willingness to pay for future services, • Behavioural analysis, to test assumptions and stated responses from consultation, and • Lifecycle and renewals cost estimates to estimate the costs and affordability of proposed development plans Scenario planning, a technique originally developed in the military field, involves describing a handful of extreme but possible scenarios, and then proposing a handful of approaches for managing the world, regardless of the scenario. The analyst(s) then overlay each of the management approaches over each of the possible scenarios, and choose the management approach that either they are least likely to regret, or that is most likely to result in the scenario they are aiming at. Scenario planning propelled Royal Dutch Shell from 7 th to 2 nd largest petroleum company in the world, and the most profitable, while the rest of the world struggled through the energy crisis of the 1970s. Spatial planning has also been successfully used by local government in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe to articulate future growth strategies, and achieve community acceptance and buy-in to the future growth direction of their towns and cities. Once the organisation has decided on their overall management approach, in the realm of public infrastructure, they must then decide where and how they want their cities and towns to develop. City and town development require the appropriate infrastructure, and fiscally responsible development requires that the infrastructure is not only affordable, but is also useful.


A shift control method for an automatic transmission based on one of a first shift pattern based on vehicle speed and an opening degree of a throttle valve and a second shift pattern based on the vehicle speed and a road condition includes the steps of switching a vehicle shifting condition to the second shift pattern when the opening degree of the throttle valve is a first predetermined opening degree or smaller than the first predetermined opening degree, and switching the vehicle shifting condition to the first shift pattern when the opening degree of the throttle valve is a second predetermined opening degree or larger than the second predetermined opening degree which is larger than the first predetermined opening degree.


The aging of an uncured, DGEBA-based commercial film adhesive exposed to high humidity at 40°C was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermal analysis, solubility, flow, and mechanical testing of joints. DGEBA and brominated DGEBA resins, and representative mixes of these were hydrolyzed in vitro. It is suggested that the major reaction at 40°C is polymerization, which is accelerated by moisture and leads to a crosslinked structure different to that resulting from normal cure. The poorer adhesive performance after aging is mainly the result of reduced resin flow during joint formation, although there is some contribution from the hydrolysis of epoxide groups which leads to lower crosslink density in the cured adhesive. The softening point of the uncured material and Tg of the cured material are useful indicators of the quality of this adhesive which, compared to some earlier formulations, has improved resistance to these conditions.


Background: Elderly populations are the vulnerable population and yet still neglected one. The main aim of the research is to assess the nutritional status of elderly population at Gokarneshwor municipality, Kathmandu.
Methods: Quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in the time frame of July 15-Jan 15, 2020 among 301 elderly population of Gokarneshwor municipality, Kathmandu. Proportionate systematic sampling was applied for elderly selection. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed by using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel.
Results: Study reflected that most of the elderly (48.5%) had normal body mass index followed by overweight (24.6%), underweight (18.6%) and obese (8.3%) respectively. Currently 27.2% used to consume alcohol and 24.3% used to smoke. More than one third (39.1%) elderly reported psychological stress or disease. Most of the elderly (40.1%) had high pressure followed by Diabetes (27.1%), Chronic Obstructed Pulmonary Disease (23.6%), heart disease (7.1%) and heart stroke (1.9%) respectively. Elderly nutritional status was statistically significant among marital status (P=0.022), food intake in recent three month (P=0.024), weight loss (P=0.001), mobility (P=0.004), self-perception of health status (P=0.029), psychological stress (P<0.001) are associated with malnutrition.
Conclusion: Considerable numbers of elderly were found to be malnourished and many were at risk of malnutrition. Intervention focusing food habit, weight status, mental status, physical activity need to be developed which ultimately helps to balance nutritional status. Further intensive research could discover the factors for improving nutritional status of elderly.

Key words: Nutritional status, elderly population, health status, dietary intake, body mass index.


Ohrling, S. 1975. Prerequisites of Community Development. Examples from two villages in Sri Lanka. Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 29, 221–236. The study is concentrated on two villages in rural Sri Lanka, Pelawatte in the wet zone and Kumbukgollewa in the dry. Both are agricultural but differ considerably in their social and economic structure. Production in Pelawatte is subsistence oriented and there are no big landowners in the village. In Kumbukgollewa, however, production being cash crop oriented, mainly paddy, the economy is highly dependent on external markets and furthermore it is dominated by a few landowners. The author is of the opinion that the centre-periphery relationships in Kumbukgollewa have adverse impacts on the efficiency of development programmes. The Sarvodaya movement has organized development projects in both villages. In Pelawatte there seems to be no structural obstacle to the efforts of the movement. In Kumbukgollewa, on the other hand, the dominant role played by the few landowning famil...


Administration of endotoxin to rabbits results in the accelerated rejection of first-set skin homografts. The production of endotoxin tolerance suspends this effect of endotoxin on first-set skin homografts. This action of endotoxin is limited to homografts and does not affect autografts.


Highly skilled migration is a subject of strong debates in current times, when there are evident proofs that the quality of human factor is crucial in achieving technical and economic development. Even though brain drain phenomenon and its impact on the economic environment are intensively discussed, insufficient quantitative information regarding highly skilled migration is available at international level, so as to allow a comparative analysis of the real state of facts. Migration in and from Romania is not only a fashionable subject, but a problem that the nation has to face and that will have a strong impact on the country's long term development. The purpose of this paper is to locate Romania's position in the international highly skilled migration, as well as to understand the structure of migration having Romania as source and destination country. We have thus calculated an attractiveness index that helps identifying which are the countries with a higher impact on the highly skilled migration flows in relation with Romania.


Stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that is increasing in prevalence. One of the effects of stroke patients is weakness on one side of the body. Therefore stroke patients need rehabilitation which is fast and precise with the range of motion exercises joints; one of them is grip strength. The recommended exercise is the Active Range of Motion Cylindrical Grip. This study aimed to determine the effect of cylindrical grip on the gripping power in stroke ischemic patients. The method used is Pre-Experiment with pre and post-test one-group design. This research uses Purposive Sampling of as many as 16 ischemic stroke patients. Active Range of Motion Cylindrical Grip exercise given as much as two times a day in 10 minutes for four days. The analysis used is a nonparametric test of Wilcoxon. Results of non-parametric test analysis Wilcoxon obtained p-Value = 0.001 (α <0.05). This value indicates a significant influence between the strength value grips. It is expected that health workers can apply Active Cylindrical Grip ROM exercise as an alternative to increasing the gripping power in ischemic stroke patients who experience weakness and can improve the quality and service of healing ischemic stroke.


High blood cell counts, mainly neutrophil counts, platelet counts, their ratios and various other haematological parameters are strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. As this is indirectly related to inflammation leading to increase in total count, neutrophil count, platelet hypersensitivity and platelet activation, so changes in these parameters will invariably be helpful in diagnosis and risk stratification in IHD [2,4].


The band gap structure of 3D photonic crystal was analyzed by plane wave expansion method and applied to optical communication system.


Green Bonds are debt instruments issued by companies whose proceeds are used to finance projects that promote sustainability. Consequently, they act as measures of a company's contribution towards the environment. However, they are often criticised as virtue-signalling. This paper explores the issuance of green bonds on two levels: the corporate level and the role of the region, here the Nordic Region, in promoting sustainability. Using the least square methods, I find that while company scores may increase, it is the previous year's score that has a larger impact than green bond issuance. I also find evidence that the environmental component of a region minutely affects the outcomes on the score of a company.


The inverse control method is a new approach for procedure control which makes the controller have a transfer function that is inverse to the controlled object by inverse modeling.The combination of inverse control and neural network improves the quality of inverse control.Based on a typically thermodynamic control object,the fea- sibility of thermodynamic process control method is explored by comparing the simulation result of the inverse con- troller and normal PID controller under the circumstance of Matlab.It is shown that the inverse control method has some properties of rapid reactivity,preciseness and strong adaptability.


The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) is a key regulator of cell cycle control, most notably through E2F transcription factor binding. Deregulation of RB1 is important in many cancers. Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma, caused by a germline mutation in RB1, experience substantially elevated risks for subsequent neoplasms, particularly bone and soft tissue sarcomas and melanomas. Oncogenic RB1 mutations arise from a range of DNA alterations and occur throughout the gene. No previous study has evaluated how the specific location and functional consequences of these RB1 mutations may differentially confer risk for specific subsequent neoplasms. As part of a biomarker study nested within a long-term follow-up study of the risk of subsequent cancers in retinoblastoma survivors, we identified germline RB1 mutations in 76/80 (95%) survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma who developed at least one subsequent neoplasm and had sufficient DNA for mutation testing (median follow-up time=47 years, range 7-71 years). Survivors were classified into four groups according to whether they ever developed a soft tissue sarcoma (STS, N=47), melanoma (without STS, N=10), bone tumor (without STS, N=5), or another type of subsequent malignant neoplasm (N=14). The identified mutations were distributed throughout RB1, from the promoter through exon 25. Nonsense, frameshift, or splice mutations that resulted in premature termination of the RB1 residue sequence were identified in 51 (67%) survivors, with the remaining classified as having loss of multiple exons (N=6), loss or rearrangement of a single exon (N=5), a splice mutation (N=7), a missense mutation (N=4), or an intronic substitution with unknown consequence (N=3). Preliminary analyses indicated that RB1 mutations resulting in loss of >2 exons were more common in survivors with a subsequent STS (40/47, 85%) than those with a subsequent melanoma (6/10, 60%) or bone tumor (2/5, 40%; Fisher9s exact P Citation Format: Lindsay M. Morton, Jeannette R. Wong, Brenda L. Gallie, David H. Abramson, Johanna M. Seddon, Michael Dean, Bert Gold, Alisa M. Goldstein, Ruth A. Kleinerman, Margaret A. Tucker. Specific RB1 mutations and risk of subsequent neoplasms among survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1333. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1333


One of the key objectives of any undergraduate system dynamics curriculum is to foster in the student an understanding of the limitations of linear, lumped parameter models. That is, the student must come face to face with the fact that models do not perform exactly like the physical system they are created to emulate. This is best done in the laboratory with a physical system that has small non-linearities which prevent the student from obtaining an exact match between model and experiment. This work describes an experiment designed for the sophomore system dynamics course offered at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. This lab uses a commercially available hardware system and a digital computer. By a clever combination of various response data, and using known differences between effective masses, the effective inertia of motor, pinion, rack and cart are estimated without requiring disassembly of the system. Typical results are shown. Introduction The mechanical engineering and electrical engineering faculty at Rose-Hulman (RHIT) are currently upgrading the system dynamics and controls laboratory. One of the primary courses this lab services is Analysis and Design of Engineering Systems (ES 205) which is a sophomore level system dynamics course taught to all mechanical, electrical, and biomedical engineering majors. ES 205 focuses on lumped parameter modeling of mechanical, electrical, fluid, and thermal systems. The hardware plant used in this lab is the Educational Control Products (ECP) Rectilinear Control System1, shown in Figure 1. This is a translational mass-spring-damper system driven by a DC electric motor that provides up to three degrees of freedom of motion. System stiffnesses may be changed to the user's liking. A variable air damper may be connected to any of the masses.The plants also provide for varying the system mass by adding or removing 500g masses. Thus the differences in mass between possible configurations are well known. P ge 10985.1 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education Fig. 1. The ECP Rectilinear Control System Section 2 describes the problem and outlines the theory underlying parametric system identification, and the data reduction methods needed for this lab. Section 3 outlines the lesson objectives in detail. Section 4 discusses the data collection procedure. Section 5 presents typical results. Problem Statement and Theory One of the primary misconceptions that students fall into is that lumped parameter models can exactly predict the behavior of real systems. For example, Figure 2 shows a lumped parameter schematic of a single mass system. Fig. 2. Schematic of Lumped Parameter Model The spring and damper are assumed to contribute no mass to the system. An electric motor is assumed to provide a force directly to the mass. A parametric differential equation model matching this schematic is given in Equations 1 and 2. ̇ ̇ x + c m ̇ x + k m x = k m Kf t ( ) (1) m k ̇ ̇ x + c k ̇ x + x = Kf t ( ) . (2) P ge 10985.2 Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2005, American Society for Engineering Education The model and experimental step responses are compared in Figure 3. Although the match is fairly close, it will never be exact due to small non-linearities in the system. Fig. 3. Comparison of Expermental and Parametric Model Step Response m = 0.9538kg, k = 216.2 N/m, c = 14.01 N-s/m The parametric models in Eqns 1 and 2 can be directly compared to their non parametric counterparts ̇ ̇ x + 2zwn  ̇ x + wn 2 x = Kw n 2 f t ( ) (3) and ̇ ̇ x w n 2 + 2z w n ̇ x + x = Kf t ( ) . (4) Matching zeroth order coefficients between Eq. 1 and Eq. 3 or second order coefficients between Eq. 2 and Eq. 4, we obtain the familiar formula for system natural frequency.


The clinical experience with intravascular stenting of arterial stenosis found to be resistant to balloon angioplasty is small, although preliminary results are encouraging. Most experience is with the Palmaz-Schatz (Johnson & Johnson Interventional Systems, Warren, NJ) stainless steel stent, a device characterized by high expansion ratio, low thrombogenicity, and high patency rates. Anticoagulation is essential to ensure an ideal flow surface so as to optimize patency. Clinical results so far have suggested that stents will play an important role in the management of arterial stenosis, with perhaps a greater applicability in the setting of pulmonary artery than pulmonary vein or conduit obstruction.


Severe convective weather routinely disrupts normal flow of air traffic in the United States' National Airspace System (NAS). Over the last decade, severe weather has been the most significant cause, accounting for over 70% of air traffic delays in the NAS. Flights incur modification in their nominal routes due to the presence of severe weather, and hence, suffer increased delays. These delays contribute to increased burden on airlines due to extra fuel costs and missed schedules for connecting flights. In this paper, the reduction in air space capacity and the associated air traffic delays due to severe convective weather will be investigated.


To generate movements, the motor cortex acts on an intricate network of intermediate neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord, termed 'premotor neurons'. Premotor neurons activate the motoneurons driving the muscles (Chakrabarti & Schwarz, 2014). Specifically, premotor networks are involved in the generation of reflexes, and form central pattern generators (CPGs) that contribute to stereotyped movement patterns. The precise anatomical organization of these premotor networks is poorly understood, because traditional tract tracing methods lack the specificity to trace tangled networks and are unable to reveal multi-synaptic networks. In this issue of EJN, Sreenivasan et al. (2015) describe evidence that extends previous work by Takatoh et al. (2013), and identify key components of the premotor networks in developing mouse pups. The authors used an elegant neuroanatomical technique called monosynaptic retrograde tracing (MRT) (Wickersham et al., 2007). MRT employs a genetically defective rabies virus that requires a glycoprotein complement in order for the virus to cross a synapse retrogradely and infect the presynaptic neuron. An essential component of this method is the use of genetic engineering to express the required glycoprotein exclusively in postsynaptic neurons, thereby allowing the virus to pass exactly one synapse and exclusively label 'first-order' presynaptic neurons. Applied in combination with immunohistochemistry to visualize transmitter content, MRT serves as a powerful tool with which to dissect the anatomical organization of premotor networks. The current study by Sreenivasan et al., and the former study by Takotah et al., investigated the rodent vibrissal system. Whisking movements consist of rhythmic protractions and retractions that are generated by the activation of two antagonistic muscle groups, the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, respectively. Upon injection of the defective rabies virus into the antagonistic sets of whisker muscles, both studies revealed a fairly consistent anatomical organization of clusters of first-order 'whisking' premotor neurons. Among them are known CPGs in the reticular formation, reticular formation cell clusters with unknown function, cells in the spinal trigeminal nuclei, cells in the vestibular nuclei, and, interestingly, also motor cortex neurons. These results contribute greatly to our understanding of this specialized motor system in rodents. Moreover, the current work indicated a fundamental distinction between premotor networks driving extrinsic muscle groups and those driving intrinsic muscle groups. Extrinsic motoneurons are targeted predominantly by excitatory spinal trigeminal and vestibular neurons, whereas intrinsic motoneurons receive relatively more inputs from whisking CPGs. Sreenivasan et al. also combined MRT with anterograde tracing from primary sensorimotor whisker-related cortices [motor, whisker motor cortex (wM1); tactile, primary whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1)] to show that the target profiles of wM1 and wS1 complement the innervation pattern seen for the extrinsic vs. intrinsic premotor systems: wM1 preferentially controls the intrinsic muscle group via the whisking CPG, whereas wS1 controls the extrinsic muscle group via the spinal trigeminal nuclei. Furthermore, the authors could elicit distinct evoked whisker movements after optogenetic activation of the two areas: stimulation in wM1 initiated rhythmic movement, whereas in wS1 it evoked whisker retraction. Although this observation clearly points to differences in motor control between the two cortical areas, it is questionable whether these evoked movements reflect specialization in terms of movement types. First, wM1 is subdivided in several functionally distinct areas, at least in rats (Chakrabarti & Schwarz, 2014). Second, the interpretation of results from bulk activation of motor structures requires caution. Movements evoked from wS1 may merely reflect modulatory action on the whisking brainstem reflex arc (Nguyen & Kleinfeld, 2005), or alternatively its involvement in corticobulbar control of active touch (Furuta et al., 2010). Consistent with these assumptions, we used bulk stimulation to identify the rhythmic whisking subarea of the rat wM1 (Haiss & Schwarz, 2005), and found that it codes for both whisker position and whisking frequency. These effects occurred on the scale of seconds, and therefore possibly reflect indirect control of movement through various premotor networks (Gerdjikov et al., 2013). Rather than attributing distinct types of movement to specific cortical areas, it may be more informative to focus on the differential access of the sensorimotor cortex to specific premotor subsystems, such as CPGs and reflex arcs. In summary, the findings of Sreenivasan et al. (2015), together with the recent discovery of the whisking CPG (Moore et al., 2013), constitute considerable progress towards the description of the whisker-related premotor network. More work will be required to classify the premotor neuron clusters identified so far into functional subsystems. For example, some of the premotor neurons in reticular formation and spinal trigeminal nuclei may well be components of the brainstem reflex arc (Nguyen & Kleinfeld, 2005). Disentangling the entire polysynaptic


Purpose: Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) are at a significant risk for reading deficits. Even with treatment, the early reading profiles of SLI differ from typically developing (TD) peers. The present study examines the effect of orthography (shallow, Croatian vs. deep, English) on early literacy skills among children with SLI in view of the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis (Katz & Frost, 1992) which postulates that the nature of orthography is a considerable factor in the process of reading acquisition. Method: 30 kindergartners (Mage=5.9 ; SD=.29) with SLI participated in this research: 15 in each language group. All children were assessed on the skills considered to be pre-requisites for reading acquisition. The standardized and experimental measures were consistent with the language-specific structures. Results: Children with SLI have similar psycholinguistic profiles, independent of the ambient language, but show the same advantages in early literacy skills as a factor of orthography as their TD peers (Zaretsky, et al., 2009). This pattern is independent of the teaching practices: English-speaking kindergartners are exposed to reading instructions and Croatian speakers are not. Conclusion: This study is an important step in understanding the mechanics of reading acquisition as a factor of orthography in children with SLI.


While research has explored digital divides in older adults'
 technology skills and uses and in their communication uptake during the pandemic, we lack an
 understanding of the on-the-ground experiences and trajectories of older adults seeking to
 adopt digital technologies to maintains social connection during the COVID-19 pandemic. What
 balance of independence and interdependence do older adults seek and experience as they
 attempt to take up new devices and applications, such as tablets and video chat, during a
 period of physical distancing? I introduce "strivers," "achievers," and "maintainers" to
 describe different experiences of in(ter)dependence that emerged at the intersection of
 technology use and physical distancing for participants during and after the technology
 training program. Independence is reflected among those who were able to translate provided
 technology resources into an expanded social presence during the pandemic. Interdependence
 relates to those who became even more dependent on others, with the addition of needed
 technology support, while aspiring to replace offline relationships with those promised
 through digital technologies. Simultaneously, by declaring oneself "not lonely despite being
 alone," others declared independence despite failing to realize the promise of digital
 technology as a stand-in for in-person connection. Research on older adults and digital
 technology can benefit from examining not only the possession of digital skills and support
 for technology use, but also the meanings that older adults bring to their experiences of
 inclusion and exclusion as they adapt to digital technologies while aging – and sheltering –
 in place.


Mud positive pulse generator is the core accoutrement of MWD and LWD system.The paper analyzed the working principle and structure of positive pulse generator.Meanwhile,the function and action of power piston assembly,fluid switch,electromagnetic valve assembly,overflow valve and control valve of the positive pulse generator were also introduced.Practical test and oilfield application showed that the pulse signal generated by this generator was stable and the collective signal amplitude was high.It was convenient for signal acquisition and data processing to use mud positive pulse generator,and the maximum logging depth for MWD and LWD was increased.


The technology of DNA microarrays on porous membrane supports with colorimetric detection on horseradish peroxidase was developed. Comparison of the methods of oligonucleotide immobilization on chemically different membranes was carried out and the conditions of colorimetric detection of biotin in DNA duplexes on microarray surface were optimized. The method that was developed was applied for deter mining the type of genes encoding extended spectrum β lactamases.


The primary purpose of this work is the analysis and modelling of the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators. Standard tools for parameter identification of trends for macro-indicators and determination of structural changes are applied.The global financial crisis inflicted severe damage to the Russian economy. Despite the efforts to stabilise the situation, the consequences of the crisis could not be overcome. The growth model, which provided economic growth before the crisis, has exhausted itself. The dependence of the Russian economy from minerals export has not diminished, but the return of favourable market conditions declined. In the period after the crisis, the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators is characterised as a -shaped curve.And the economic downturn started long before the escalation of the geopolitical situation around Russia, sanctions and contr-sanctions. However, coupled with the drastic reduction the price of raw materials, these external factors have led to regression. In the case of further reducing of investment, the economic growth can not be obtained. But it is necessary not only to overcome the consequences of the current crisis but also to change the economic model.


We report the successful closure of fistulae at the site of a benign colocolonic anastomotic stricture using self‐expandable metal stents (SEMS). The stricture and fistulae developed after sigmoid colon resection for diverticulitis. After closure of the fistulae with a covered stent and resolution of inflammation, 10 months later the patient elected to undergo one‐stage resection of the diseased colon and stent. Although there have been previously reported cases of SEMS for closure of malignant colonic fistula, there are limited reports of SEMS for closure of benign colonic fistulae and none demonstrate long‐term success. We conclude that this patient exemplifies the potential applications of SEMS as definitive therapy for benign colorectal disease.


It is proposed to describe ultrawideband waveforms of long duration, in which the Doppler frequency shift and other space-time characteristics significantly vary over their band, in terms of not their correlation and ambiguity functions (in the delay-Doppler coordinates), but of the analogous base correlation and ambiguity functions in the delay-velocity coordinates. Base correlation functions of ultrawideband long-duration chirp waveforms are studied. Their generalized base correlation functions are considered in the spatial coordinates with allowance for the transmitter and receiver locations for a one-channel receive system operating in the Doppler beam sharpening and synthetic aperture modes.


Hosfelt Gallery San Francisco, California January 25-March 1, 2003 While motion detection, surveillance, GPS technologies, network structures and other such spatial devices and categories have dominated much of the criticism of contemporary media art, the theme of movement in visual art is not a new one. From the implied movement of a painter's body to the arrested motion of a photographer's subject, motion has long been a fascination. The work in the exhibition Still/Motion is emblematic of this varied and long art-critical tradition of privileging motion, extending its reach from LED panels, video and photography, to painting, sculpture and installation, while presented in the context of the inherence of motion to video and stillness to photography. In each case, motion comprises the work, yet the concept of motion and, often, motion contributed by the viewer, overrides the context and import of the original movement. Aaron Parazette's paintings Slider and Site 1 (2002) are slickly clean images implying focused personal movement. The romantic notion of the line living as a trace of the painter's hand is updated by the reminder that motion implies space. The works marry motion and space in a formula akin to "rise over run," and their precise curvature demands motion of the viewer, too, if only ocular. Guy Hundere's video demands even more participation from the audience. Housed in a wooden box, one must flip a switch to activate Impasse (2001). Upon so doing, one sees what looks like an infinite car window tracking shot of a far-off barn house that never leaves center screen, despite the rapid movement of the foreground. Kirsten Bahrs Janssen presents two more projects of the "red button" ilk. In this case, pressing the button activates wall sculptures that unravel or weave together spools of thread. The Length of DNA and How I Measured Up to the Moon (2003) does not, in fact, complete its task until its tiny motor has spun and twisted 69,544 spools of thread. This length is equivalent to estimations of both the length of a strand of DNA and the distance from the Earth to the Moon. While the latter piece will far exceed the artist's lifespan, Days of Sunshine in a Native Californian's Life (2001) presents a surprisingly meager 48 spools of yellow thread, to be unraveled in a conical pile, each representing one of the few sunny days in the life of the artist's mother. Just as time can be measured in relation to a person's lifespan, so too can motion. While the thread in use has a specific, physically-manifested length, stillness and motion are cast as cyclical, ephemeral qualities in Janssen's work. In Westward (2003), Lordy Rodriguez created a fictional map representing a recent move from Texas to Los Angeles. At first glance, the map appears genuine. A carefully drawn grid and segments of various colors recall GPS technologies and topographic cartography, yet the viewer soon realizes that there is no decipherable logic to Rodriguez's details. An Etch-A-Sketch-like, indirect path is drawn, connecting starting point and destination, tying landscape to vision by virtue of the fact that those locales not visited are not seen by the viewer. At the exhibition's opening, visitors were convinced that the map represented a path traveled from West to East, as a Westerner would read a text, and that the piece documented a long road trip from California to New York. The Great Lakes were "recognized" in the Gulf of Mexico and the San Francisco peninsula was spotted off the coast of Los Angeles. Memory and the projection of human experience comprise the logic imparted to Westward by spectators. Julianne Swartz's seemingly ramshackle, site-specific installations are similarly dependent upon a sense of spatial (mis)recognition, though her punch line is literally see-through. Lenses, wires, sheaths, adhesives, found objects and other sundry materials comprise gaze-directing armatures that are self-reflexive in their lookingness. …


ABSTRACT
The present research work, of an explanatory type with quasi-experimental design, had the purpose of determining the influence of the application of the program "Manitos grafo motoras" in the improvement of writing levels of children of 5 years of age. educational institution n ° 253 "Isabel Honorio de Lazarte" of the city of Trujillo. The sample was constituted by 50 children of 5 years of the initial level, 25 of the experimental group and 25 of the control. To measure the levels of writing, the graphic test was provided. For the statistical analysis, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, was used; and the "t" test of Student. The results show that the application of the program "Grammatical hands" during 2 months, distributed in 20 sessions, has significantly influenced the development of writing levels in children of 5 years of the I.E. 253 "Isabel Honorio de Lazarte" of the Trujillo district.


This article introduces a present trend of measuring and control, especially a trend from multi-sensor to the autonomous decentralized systems, which are composed of multi-sensor, multi-processor, and multi-actuator. This also includes fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, H∞ optimal control design and intelligent control systems from a viewpoint of introducing mathematical model to measuring and control systems.


Abstract : A SURVEY OF WORK PUBLISHED IN THE USSR on the problem of dynamic stability of elastic systems uring the period 1924-1951 is presented. The paper is divided into three sections: (1) anANALYSIS OF EARLY INVESTIGATIONS, 2) an account of certain general theorems, and (3) a discussion of recent work (up to 1951). The problem of dyn mic stability is directed to studies of the motions of elastic systems subjected to time-dependent external loads. Th g neralizatio of the E UL R PROBLEM TO THE CASE OF TIME-DEP NDENT FORCES IS THE CLASSICAL PROTOTYPE OF THESE PROBLEMS. The time-depend nt external forces are applied in such a way that the corresponding time-independent loads, equivalent in direction and point of application, re able to induce loss of stability. (Author)


The orienteering problem (OP) is a well established problem in combinatorial optimization. In this paper, we generalize the orienteering problem and propose a new type of problem-the orienteering problem with compulsory nodes and time window (OPCNTW). We first formulate the orienteering problem with compulsory nodes and time window into an integer linear programming base on network flow theory. Then we solve the integer linear programming model by Lingo software to obtain the exact optimal solution for small size of problem. Since it is time consuming to solve the integer linear programming for large size of the problem, we propose the route order and the priority rules, and give a heuristic algorithm based on these rules for solving the large size of the problem. Finally, we give some computational results of both exact and heuristic algorithms and analyze the simulation results. The results show that our algorithms is efficient.


This paper examines the varying degree of success in land distribution policies in India by comparing the type of political regime in the respective states. The hypothesis is that the ideology (or lack thereof) of the ruling political party has a bearing on the success of land distribution. The methodological framework used is the typology of Indian states based on their welfare policy success done by Atul Kohli. The typical states selected under each of the three typologies of states are Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. The paper concludes that political parties with left or left of centre ideology are more conducive to creating a policy environment of land distribution than other kinds of parties.


The paper presents an in-depth longitudinal case analysis of the nonimplementation of an information technology (IT) strategy within a UK hospital. The analysis covered the period from 1991 to the present day. The contents of the IT strategy are described and compared to the proposed systems and schedule is contrasted with the actual IT systems delivered. Because the case deals with the national health arrangements within the UK, we begin with a brief description of information management (IM) within the National Health Service (NHS) to provide background for readers outside the UK. This discussion is extended to consider the specific context of IS development. It notes the experience of a single patient being transported through medical procedures to illustrate the relevant systems which are enabled. The case documents the ambitions and achievements of the managers involved and concludes with the observation that their decisions did actually generate added-value to the IS implementation process even though, in the circumstances, no recognised strategy emerged.


As of June 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 171.7 million confirmed cases including 3,698,621 deaths from COVID-19. Detecting COVID-19 and other lung diseases from Chest X-Ray (CXR) images can be very effective for emergency diagnosis and treatment as CXR is fast and cheap. The objective of this study is to develop a system capable of detecting COVID-19 along with 14 other lung diseases from CXRs in a fair and unbiased manner. The proposed system consists of a CXR image selection technique and a deep learning based model to classify 15 diseases including COVID-19. The proposed CXR selection technique aims to retain the maximum variation uniformly and eliminate poor quality CXRs with the goal of reducing the training dataset size without compromising classifier accuracy. More importantly, it reduces the often hidden bias and unfairness in decision making. The proposed solution exhibits a promising COVID-19 detection scheme in a more realistic situation than most existing studies as it deals with 15 lung diseases together. We hope the proposed method will have wider adoption in medical image classification and other related fields.


Emotional Labor refers to the act of managing emotions and emotional expressions in order to be consistent with organisational 'display rules', defined as the organizationally required emotions during interpersonal service transactions. As these display rules interact with employees spontaneous feelings, they regularly induce a clash between inner/real and required feelings. The current study examined how the emotional labor and burnout components, directly and indirectly, influence IT professional's turnover intentions. Data were collected from 214 IT professionals, in and around Coimbatore district. The dependent variable is the turnover intention and the independent variables are emotional labor, burnout components (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishments). Results revel that burnout highly impacts IT professionals turnover intention.


Quality has been universally acclaimed as fitness for use, signifying the supremacy of the user in judging its adequacy. For instance it is for the user to decide how good a product is. Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches. Likewise the user can tell how good is a pencil, a mixer grinder or a gear. Further, whether he is satisfied with the electric supply, its voltage including its stability and continuity. ● It refers to all types and sizes of products and services and in fact any activity. Product hence forth shall include service also. ● It is a composite result of a satisfactory design and its conformance. ● Conformance to specification(s) of product parameter(s) is (are) indirect approximate means of forecasting adequacy of product to satisfy the intended use. Product parameters include chemical, durability, mechanical, physical and allied properties. Like appearance, availability, brightness, colour (shade), composition, cost, diameter, ease of maintenance and replacement, fastness of colour, hardness, odour, purity, safety, timely delivery at desired place. This list is not exhaustive. ● Quality therefore encompasses all features like : Appearance : that influences first sale. Functional : that causes repeat sales and Reliability : including availability and maintainability that sustains the market to ensure growth for survival. Lack of it is fatal sooner than later. Availability implies that the gadget works when operated or switched on while maintainability implies that repair, as and when it becomes necessary, is easy, economical and quick.


This paper is devoted to the parabolic KS function for the structural topology optimization and presents a different strategy to deal with the minimum stress design problem. We transform the local stresses to global integrated stress of structure through the parabolic KS function. A new optimization model is introduced which provide quality solutions and the minimum stress design to obtain the final design. Finally, the parabolic KS function is important because we firstly introduce a different KS function to study the structural topology optimization problem.


Reactor-regenerator system (FCCU) is the key effect factor on economic results of safety running for catalytic cracking unit. Fault modes, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) were established, and the approach of FMECA combined with fault tree analysis (FTA) was used to analyze the reliability and unusual operating process of Reactor-regenerator system. The most important effect factors on operating process and criticality of most dangerous equipment were found. Based on the characteristics of failure modes and jeopardizing criticality of equipment, the theoretical instruction of how to prolongate the FCCU service term was proposed.


Introduction: Oral malignancy is most common tumors in Pakistan. The age of the greater part of the patient's reaches somewhere in the range of 50 and 70 years and old age is an indirect risk factor for malignant growths. It is challenging to treat the older patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma due to poor performance and the adjusted physiology and the additional comorbidities that may influence the decision of surgery and adjuvant treatment, whenever scheduled. Above mentioned factors in elderly group might affect the option of treatment and may vary from the ideal treatment. We aim to evaluate the association of age with depth of invasion and to assess the association of age with extra capsular spread and risk factors in patients with oral cancer. Material/Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 360 patients underwent the surgery from 2011 to 2017 of which 260 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for our study. The chi-square test was applied to check the association between ages with a depth of invasion of tumor. Results: There were 260 patients who underwent treatment for oral cancer it was subdivided in 3 age groups and multiple addictions are most common in every age group 51% (n=133). Majority of the patients had final stage III and IVA with 31% (n=80) and 35% (n=92). Age has a significant association with the depth of invasion, about 56% (n=144) has >10 mm depth of invasion of tumor with 95% of CI (P-value=0.01). There was no extracapsular spread in 82% (n=214) and yes in 18% (n=46) of the patients with 95% of CI (p-value= 0.149) which was insignificant in patients with oral cancer. Conclusion: This study shows that oral cancer has increased depth of invasion in younger population as compared to elderly population and there is no association between age and extracapsular spread in patients. Majority of patients were found to have moderately differentiated oral cancer. Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma; extra capsular spread; depth of invasion; head and neck neoplasms.


Steam explosion is a phenomenon which can threat the integrity of the containment structure with high pressure impulses when the molten core drops into a water pool either inside or under the reactor vessel bottom during a severe accident of a light water reactor. When the molten reactor core breaches the reactor vessel bottom and spilled to a reactor cavity of a PWR where a pool of water exists due to a severe accident management measure called the wet cavity, it may cause an ex-vessel steam explosion; the condition in the containment vessel involving subcooled water at low pressure is relatively favorable to cause a steam explosion. This study is an attempt to develop a method for suppressing steam explosions such a situation. We focus on the shock wave mitigation effect by microbubble clouds, i.e. the shock-bubble interaction (SBI). This study started from an idea that micro-bubble clouds can buffer strength of the shock wave produced by a steam explosion. SBI had been studied for an about half century. Campbell constructed a shock model regarding bubble mixture as homogeneous media and compared experimental data which he got from his shock tube experiments [1]. Hsieh studied sound propagating in bubbly mixture and investigated effects of heat conduction on the sound waves in particular [2]. Murray investigated disturbance at change of ratio between gas and liquid in homogeneous media [3] and Nigmatulin researched structure of shock waves which pass liquid containing gas bubbles [4]. Wijngaarden defined motion of mixture of gas and liquid theoretically and investigated characteristics of SBI such as structure of a shock and an effect of relaxation of a shock [5, 6, 7, 8]. Tan made his shock-bubbly media model consisting of an equation set about two-phase bubbly mixture and expected the motion of gas bubbles and liquid at steady shock load [9, 10, 11]. Kwak constructed a single bubble model for prediction of sonoluminescense phenomena which describes motion of a single bubble and heat transfer in, on, and around the bubble and validated his model with internal and external experimental data [12, 13]. In this study, to clarify the mechanism of shock mitigation in microbubbles, we focused on shock mitigation in underwater microbubble clouds in terms of energy dissipation. Microbubbles are expected to be the role of air cushions in liquid environment, and the present study describes the energy mechanism of shock mitigation by microbubbles. One-dimensional model of shock-bubble interaction (SBI) is developed, which contains two-phase mass and momentum equation and heat transfer model between a bubble and liquid describing the dissipation of bubble energy. The 1D SBI model is transformed into an ordinary differential equation set and used for numerical calculation by a MATLAB tool to obtain results of bubble behavior when shock waves pass the bubble mixture. After the calculation, releasing heat energy and shock damping time are calculated as factors of shock mitigation and discussed with shock strength, bubble radius, and gas volume fraction.


The invention relates to the field of polyamide composite, in particular to anti-static flame-retardant plastic for a roller of an underground conveying belt of a coal mine. The plastic is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30 to 60 percent of nylon 66 slice, 25 to 40 percent of glass fiber, 5 to 20 percent of compatilizer, 5 to 20 percent of red phosphorus flame retardant, 0.5 to 2 percent of antistatic agent, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of lubricant, and 0.2 to 1.0 percent of antioxidant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, weighing the raw materials; 2, putting raw materials except the glass fiber into a high mixing machine for mixing; and 3, adding the glass fiber into the mixed raw materials, a double-screw extruder for extruding and granulating. The plastic has the beneficial effects of well overcoming the defects of static resistance and flame retardancy in the prior art, and poor use effect, ensuring that the product has good flame retardant effect and is antistatic, and having small influence on other physical indexes of the product.


Copyright © 2000, Idea Group Publishing. The virtual team presents a challenging environment in which to share knowledge. These teams can span time zones, geographies, and even cultures. As a result, storytelling sessions and other two-way communications among team members are frequently unachievable. "Maps" to knowledge experts are useless if these experts cannot be reached at the moment when knowledge is needed. In order to transition knowledge from one virtual team member to another, organizations often resort to sharing knowledge in the form of documents or other types of explicit knowledge. However, explicit knowledge typically lacks the context required to be truly useful to the knowledge consumer. A possible solution to this limitation presents itself from another discipline. Patterns and pattern languages, which have their origin in the field of building architecture and urban design, offer a way to enhance explicit knowledge by capturing the context that is typically missing in documented knowledge and by adding a rich, story-like flavor designed to facilitate knowledge transfer.


Cylindrical double-open-end coaxial Ge(Li) detectors have been studied at 77°K using a small-area (circular) collimated beam of 137Cs ?-rays. The beam was aimed parallel to the detector axis and moved across a diameter. On different detectors, different trapping effects were observed; one detector gave better resolution and a greater pulse height when irradiated near the p-type core, another gave best performance when irradiated near the outer n+-layer. The observed pulse shapes for different positions of irradiation showed general agreement with calculated pulse shapes based on an assumed r-1 variation of electric field across the i-region.


The present invention is not dependent on the network parameters and status matrix, phasor measured kinetic data of the measuring points with a measuring unit (PMU), and the measurement data or state estimation data of the power system data collection and monitoring control system (SCADA) based only on, it discloses a method for estimating the dynamics of low observability measurement points having no PMU in real time. The method utilizes a recursive least squares method, the data sequence of quasi-stationary state over a period of time, i.e. continuous multiple based on the SCADA measurement data or state estimation data section, be estimated nodes without a PMU finding and the amount of variation of the linear combination relationship between the measured amount of variation of the responses in nodes with PMU. Then, by using the linear coupling relationship, by estimating the appropriate value at each PMU measurement time section amounts to be estimated for nodes without a PMU, real-time estimation of the dynamics on the measurement points without a PMU to achieve. According to the actual data, the method can achieve very high estimation accuracy, it meets the error criterion in the process applied. If the arrangement of the PMU is insufficient, when it is necessary to understand the dynamics of measurement points without a PMU, the method is very practical.


The invention discloses a data storage method. The data storage method comprises the following steps of acquiring an identifier and a corresponding sequence number, and storing the identifier and the corresponding sequence number, which are acquired, into a preset basic information table; acquiring extended attributes of the identifier, storing the corresponding sequence number of the identifier into a sequence number field of a preset extended attribute table, and correspondingly storing the extended attributes into an attribute content field in the extended attribute table; when new extended attributes are added to the identifier, storing the new extended attributes into an attribute content field of the extended attribute table, and correspondingly storing the sequence number of the identifier into the sequence number field of the extended attribute table. The extended attribute table and the basic information table are structurally invariable, namely a calling relationship is invariable, so that the structure of an original service code does not need to be changed, a new extended attribute service code can be independently developed, and a functional module corresponding to each extended attribute is packaged. Therefore, the coupling degree of the service code can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, the invention also provides a data storage system, a data access method and a data access system.


Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the HCl–vinyl ether adduct/SnCl4/n-Bu4NCl initiating system induced living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether in CH2Cl2 at −78 °C, that is, the well-resolved spectra demonstrated that the produced polymers consist of only one series of polymers carrying one initiator fragment at the α end and one methoxy group originated from quenching with methanol at the ω end. The polymer molecular weight as well as the terminal structure were unchanged even when the reaction mixtures were kept unquenched at −78 °C for an interval of more than five times longer than the reaction period after complete consumption of monomer, which indicates the long lifetime of the living end even under such starved conditions. In contrast, the polymers obtained at a higher temperature, −15 °C, showed an additional minor series of polymers formed via proton initiation, originating from adventitious water. Under the starved conditions, other side reactions occurred to generate minor series of polymers with an aldehyde ω end or a diisobutyl acetal ω end. Rather surprisingly, however, unsaturated CC end groups were not detected, which means the absence of β-proton elimination under these conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1249–1257, 2001


Since the mid‐1990s, ocean wave reanalysis and in situ wave observations have revealed marked downward trends in wave height, exceeding −0.1 m per decade in the midlatitude North Pacific. The wave period in the tropical Pacific is also on a downward trend, exceeding −0.4 s per decade during this period. These changes in wave climate in the Pacific are attributable to recently strengthened trade winds and La Niña‐like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The downward trend in significant wave height in the midlatitude North Pacific is due to strengthening of the negative phase of the Pacific‐North American teleconnection. Numerical experimentations with a wave model also showed that the downward trend in the wave period in the eastern equatorial Pacific was induced not only by increased wind waves due to strengthened trade winds but also by weakened propagating swells from the midlatitude North Pacific.


Mela is the Hindi language word for fair, which is a traditional media to learn, earn, participate and share information. The paper describes perception scale development process and identification of different prospects of perception of the participants by administrating the tool on 60 randomly selected participants, during the three day event of national dairy mela from 25th to 27th February, 2015 at NDRI, Karnal. Final scale consisted of 20 statements (14 positive and 6 negative) for which the t-values were found to be significant at one percent level of significance at 18 df and Cronbach's alpha value of reliability was 0.851. Two other reliability tests were accomplished and Cochran's test of ANOVA was performed to test the significance level of all 3 reliability test and it was significant at 1 percent level (p<0.001). Content validity of the scale (S-CVI value) was 0.831. PCA extracted 4 prospects viz., 'recognition prospect', 'learning prospect', 'get better prospect', and 'supportive prospect'. This methodological pathway viz., t-values cut-off for selection of statements based on degree of freedom rule, reliability triangulation, Cochran's test for reliability significance and extracting the latent constructs through PCA, can be followed by stakeholders for constructing different types of psychological scales. The attributes identified through PCA can be utilized in effective management and planning for organizing successful animal fairs.


aqueous composition of thermal ink-jet printer for printing security documents comprising at least one luminescent lanthanide complex soluble in water.


Student retention is a topic at the forefront for all post secondary education institutions. Supporting students in their studies, providing the resources to empower them to complete their education is a critical component in the quality and success of colleges. It is also a fiscal concern for colleges. While first year programs abound, community colleges are faced with the challenges of a largely commuter population with very diverse backgrounds. Community colleges are also by mission, open access institutions. This quantitative research study looked at a mandatory placement project piloted at a central Iowa community college in 2006 and 2007. It focused on an analysis of the first year program options provided at the college and the effectiveness of intensive, directed advisement of students to participate in one or more of the options in relation to enhanced persistence from fall to spring. Six different academic course environments were studied: a traditional first year seminar course focused on acclimating students to college; a course focused on skills necessary for successful postsecondary studies; learning communities, educational constructs of collaborative courses sharing a single community of learners; and developmental courses in reading, writing and math, designed to prepare students for the rigors of college level instruction. The study looked at the makeup of the students who participated in each of the environments and the appeal to different demographic groups of students in reference to age categories, gender, race, first generation students and low income students. The study then focused on the outcomes of term GPA and credits retained in effectiveness of the project on student persistence from fall to spring.


Abstract
 In Portugal, gastronomy is also seen as a valued asset that can enrich the tourist experience and add value to the territories, differentiating them (Turismo de Portugal, 2017). In a mass tourism destination like the Portuguese region of the Algarve, a major sea and sun destination, gastronomy can contribute to a more sustainable tourism, helping to diversify the Algarve's attraction base and to reduce tourism seasonality. The satisfaction of tourists with the gastronomy experience in the Algarve was studied some years ago and the results show that it depends on three main determinants: quality and price, gastronomy, and atmosphere. The evaluation showed that satisfaction 'was very much related with gastronomy related factors, including local courses, originality and exoticness, and the presentation of food and staff. Quality, and price were also found to be an important influence on satisfaction although to a lesser extent than gastronomy' (Correia et al., 2008, p. 174). Atmosphere was considered a less important factor.


In this paper, a high-performance, scalable, parallel computing system called RAPID is designed using switchless, passive optical interconnect technology. RAPID outperforms current electrical multiprocessor systems by significantly decreasing the remote memory access latency.


Mean-field approximation is a powerful method for finding minimum points of cost or energy functions. The method has similarities to Boltzmann machines, as both methods are based on simulated annealing in order to avoid local minimum. Mean-field approximation is a deterministic method that uses the results of spin-glass theory. In this paper the solution of a large size constraint satisfaction problem is described. In the radio link frequency assignment problem frequencies from a given set should be assigned to numerous radio links such that the assignments should satisfy predefined constraints. The paper contains the description of the applied method and the results of the simulations.


The article analyzes newly discovered archival sources reflecting the scientific methodology of the development of educational programs, textbooks, lecture courses on the ethnography of Kazakhs, documents from the activities of the Accent at the People's Commissariat of the Kazakh Republic about the unknown facets of the work of A.N. Bukeikhanov, as a reviewer of the historical and ethnographic nature of manuscripts. These aspects of the scientific and pedagogical activity of the People's Commissariat of Education of Kazakhstan deserve to be studied as a fundamental approach to the methodology of teaching and the formation of an educational and methodological complex for schools and universities. The content of archival sources from the 1920 s reflects the high level of education of the Alash intelligentsia and the breadth of the lecturers' horizons. The sources are classified as declassified. The study of the Kazakh language and folk traditions was put on the necessary level in that historical period. Ethnography as a scientific and methodological branch was integrated into social activities ("Talap") and the teaching system in the Kazakh autonomy (S.S. Sadvokasov). This aspect has so far been almost not covered in historiography.


Sonneratia apetala grows luxuriantly in the low saline zone of Indian Sundarbans. Considering the carbon storing potential of the species we attempted to identify the best fitting allometric equation with stored carbon per unit area by S. apetala seedlings as the dependent variable and biomasses of vegetative parts of the seedlings (leaf, stem, root and total biomass) separately as independent variables. The sampling was undertaken during monsoon 2016 in two selected stations, Chemaguri and Bali island located in the western and central sectors of the deltaic complex respectively, with contrasting salinity profile. Another purpose of this study was to observe the impact of salinity (if any) on the allometric equations of S. apetala seedlings. We observed that common allometric equation can be used (considering stem and total biomasses of the seedlings as independent variable) to predict the stored carbon per unit area in the seedlings growing in different salinity gradient.


Date approved by Chairman ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank to my mother, my wife Kyungeun, my son Junyong, my daughter Jiwon, and my sister Hyunjoo for their encouragement, endurance, and sacrifice for my late study. Without them, I would not have been where I am. My great thanks go to professor John Barry. He has done an excellent job as a research advisor, and I could not make a better choice. I sincerely appreciate for his advice, suggestions , and patience during the last four years which leads to this dissertation. I would like to thank Professor Gordon Stiiber for serving as the chairman of my qualifying examination, and the reading committee of both my proposal and defense examinations. I also would like to thank Professor Steven McLaughlin for serving as the chairman of my proposal examination, and the reading committee of my defense examination. I appreciate Professor Douglas Williams and Professor Xingxing Yu for serving on my defense examination committee.


Background: The relationship between chronic neck and shoulder pain and posture remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between chronic neck and shoulder pain and spinal sagittal alignment in standing posture in younger generation. Methods: Subjects included 57 females and 32 males (average age, 29.9 ± 5.7 years). All subjects were 20s or 30s. Spinal curvature was assessed using SpinalMouse. The subjects were also divided into a normal group (VAS zero group) and a pain group by VAS results. Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t-test. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: The normal group and pain group included 29 and 60 subjects, respectively. In terms of location of pain, thirty-one subjects felt neck pain, 50 felt pain above the scapula, and 17 felt pain between the thoracic spine and scapula. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the pain group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.020, respectively). Thoracic kyphosis in subjects with neck pain or pain above scapula was significantly higher than that in subjects without pain (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.025, respectively). Lumbar lordosis in subjects with pain above the scapula or interscapula was significantly higher than that in subjects without pain (p = 0.016).


Maliarpha separatella (Rag) was found to infest the rice crop for the greater part of the crop's growth cycle. There was an extended peak of larval activity, and the build up of the larval population was correlated with stand establishment and stem development. The intensity of both tiller infestation and internode tunnelling was found to increase with the crop maturity. Some aspects of control measures of the pest as related to the insect-pest/host-plant relationship are discussed.


Ski tourism is among those sectors of tourism that are affected the most by climate change. Snowmaking represents in the view of ski area managers the only possible adaptation strategy to rising temperatures, although it is dependent on cool temperatures. Previous studies about climate impact on ski tourism in Austria only focused on natural snow conditions. The present situation with snowmaking capacities covering 50 % of the skiing terrain in Austria and about 75 % in Tyrol (in the year 2007) raises the question if snowmaking can be a suitable adaptation strategy for low elevated ski areas in Tyrol. In this study climate data and lift operation data were analyzed to visualize the correlation between climate and season length. A snowmaking model was integrated to assess the technologys potential for today and a +2°C climate scenario. The results demonstrate that snowmaking can provide desired season lengths today, but also that - even with an intensification of snowmaking - it cannot solve the problem of shortening ski seasons at lower elevations in the future.


Dalphond et al. Synthesis and self-assembly of polymers containing dicarboximide groups by living ring-opening metathesis polymer ization. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2002, 203, 1988-1994.* (Continued) Primary Examiner — Krishnan S Menon Assistant Examiner — Ryan B Huang (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Leydig, Voit & Mayer, Ltd. (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed are membranes formed from self-assembling block copolymers, for example, a diblock copolymer of the formula (I):


There has been an explosion of interest in designing various Knowledge Graph Neural Networks (KGNNs), which achieve state-of-the-art performance and provide great explainability for recommendation. The promising performance is mainly resulting from their capability of capturing high-order proximity messages over the knowledge graphs. However, training KGNNs at scale is challenging due to the high memory usage. In the forward pass, the automatic differentiation engines (e.g., TensorFlow/PyTorch) generally need to cache all intermediate activation maps in order to compute gradients in the backward pass, which leads to a large GPU memory footprint. Existing work solves this problem by utilizing multi-GPU distributed frameworks. Nonetheless, this poses a practical challenge when seeking to deploy KGNNs in memory-constrained environments, especially for industry-scale graphs. Here we present TinyKG, a memory-efficient GPU-based training framework for KGNNs for the tasks of recommendation. Specifically, TinyKG uses exact activations in the forward pass while storing a quantized version of activations in the GPU buffers. During the backward pass, these low-precision activations are dequantized back to full-precision tensors, in order to compute gradients. To reduce the quantization errors, TinyKG applies a simple yet effective quantization algorithm to compress the activations, which ensures unbiasedness with low variance. As such, the training memory footprint of KGNNs is largely reduced with negligible accuracy loss. To evaluate the performance of our TinyKG, we conduct comprehensive experiments on real-world datasets. We found that our TinyKG with INT2 quantization aggressively reduces the memory footprint of activation maps with 7 ×, only with 2% loss in accuracy, allowing us to deploy KGNNs on memory-constrained devices.


Authors investigate forming of transfer fee of professional football players. They analyze influence on its value factors, which define «human capital» of athlete, such as age, professional achievements and «level of publicity», i.e. his ability to attract spectators' attention. It have been determined that strength of influence of professional achievements diminishes with age and taking into account «level of publicity» significantly rise quality of transfer fee modeling.


Among the techniques widely used in CEM (Computational Electromagnetics), the FDTD method (Finite-Difference Time Domain) is one of the most demanding in computational resources. Despite the computing power available today on a personal computer, industry demands the analysis of large and complex models to be used in several electromagnetic applications. The algorithm of the FDTD method is based on the Yee cell. The Yee cell is a space-time discretization of Maxwell's equations. The performance of the FDTD method is limited by the bandwidth of the traditional algorithm. When describing the dynamics of Maxwell equations through slabs or spatiotemporal macro-cells larger than the Yee cell, the re-use of calculated fields is increased. In consequence, the performance of traditional FDTD algorithm is also increased.


In this paper, we address the problem of the blind identification of linear-quadratic instantaneous mixture of statistically independent random variables. This problem consists in the identification of an unknown linear-quadratic transmission channel excited by temporally correlated and mutually independent source signals, using only statistical information on the observations received by an array of sensors. Herein we propose a new technique of blind identification of this non-linear mixture based on joint diagonalization of a set of data correlation matrices. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in the case of a quadratic phase-coupling mixture.


A camera having a lens and a sensor between which one or more transparent plates can selectively be disposed. The plates may have different thickness or indices of refraction, or they may have the same thickness and index of refraction and various combinations of them can be employed. Alternatively, a single plate may be used. The single plate may have one or more regions of different thickness or index of refraction or both. One option may including removing any of the plates from the area between the lens and sensor. With any of these various embodiments, the object distance of best focus is varied when the plate is added or removed or different areas on a plate are used or different combinations of plates are added.


This is a case report of a case of hypersensitive vasculitis in a young man. After a comprehensive history and analysis of his symptoms, the symptoms were triggered probably after exposure to yellow fever vaccine. The patient's symptoms were brought under control after starting on immunosuppressive medication.


The dynamic stability of pressure regulators in hydraulic systems of technological machines is considered, in which additional hydrodynamic forces arise in unsteady modes. The magnitude of these hydrodynamic forces is determined mainly by the first derivative of the flow rate through the throttle slot of the regulator in time. Experimental studies of pressure regulators have shown that hydrodynamic forces, depending on the switching scheme and the design dimensions of these devices, can affect their stability in various ways.


This chapter discusses how Spike Jonze's film Her engages both the egotistical and feminine sublimes through the philosophical 'problem of other minds', the idea that we can never truly know what another thinks or feels because we are too trapped in our own subjectivity. This crisis leads the film's male protagonist to withdraw from life into a cocoon of imaginative solipsism. While the film's artificial intelligence, a computer operating system with a female voice, embraces the feminine sublime through ecstatic communion with other operating systems, 'she' also serves as an object of egotistical sublimity for the protagonist, who finally begins to regain his power as a writer due to their relationship. The film's final images suggest that such a feminine sublime can be accessible to humans if we exercise imaginative will and empathy in our relations toward others, regardless of the fact that we can never really know existence outside of our own consciousness.


1. Introduction: Trust/Risk and Trust/Fear 2. Trust as a Psychosocial Feeling: Socialization and Totalitarianism 3. Forms of Social Solidarity in Russia and the Soviet Union 4. Trust, Confidence, and Social Capital in Poland: A Historical Perspective 5. Genealogy of Krugovaya Poruka: Forced Trust as a Feature of Russian Political Culture 6. Trust in Building Multicultural Democratic Societies: Estonia, Moldova, and Kazakhstan 7. Diffuse Trust or Diffuse Analysis? The Specificity of Political Distrust in Post-Communist Europe 8. The Problem of Trust in Russian Public Opinion 9. Trust and Distrust in Old and New Democracies 10. The Aftermath of Communism and the Vicissitudes of Public Trust


The effect of cellulase pretreatment on biogas production from the sugarcane leaves was studied.With the increase of cellulase dosage,the biogas production was increased.When the added cellulase dosage was 1%,the gas production reached the maximum of 641 L and the rate of cellulose degradation was the highest.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) results showed that the fibrous structure of the sugarcane leaves was apparently destructed after pretreated with 0.5% and 1% of cellulase.But there were still a lot of residual cellulose substances in the fermented materials,indicating that the sugarcane leaves still had a potential for further methane fermentation.


The purpose of this research is to develop a Graded Biodiversity Assessment (GBA) index to provide an estimation of the biodiversity in managed natural forests. In order to facilitate the present project, parameters are performed, confirmed, and annotated for their use as GBA components, notably the wood stock, age, canopy density, regeneration existence, and aspect of the forest under study. These five parameters are easily retrieved from the standard forest management plans. To assist the application of this forest-specific GBA index, data for each of the five index components is coded in three biodiversity levels as per the original description, with group cut-offs of 0, 0.5, and 1. We compute the Consistency Index to quantify the degree of reliability of our selection of GBA components ξ (Ksi) of the Best-Worst Method (BWM). With the proposed GBA index, foresters canhave a new tool at their disposal, which can be used to drive decision making and determineforest regions with low or high biodiversity value, with five parameters that are common in the standard forest management plans.


Artistic Practice: notes from the inside – One for One – Ruminative Walks by Vera Mantero & guests – The article aims to discuss the critical force of the Rather Less Than More Project (2014) and the performance One for One Ruminative Walks (2014) by Portuguese choreographer Vera Mantero. To this end, we began by utilizing the concept methodology knowing from the inside by the anthropologist Tim Ingold, and Maíra Santos' participation in the project as a performer. From an analysis of the process, the following is discussed: its choreopolitical forces, its projective temporality and a notion of the artist as a curator of him/herself. It is concluded that despite the tensions between art and the logic of production, the work provides several elements in which its force resides: a reflection on politics in art, notions of collaboration, proximity, community, self-learning and responsibility, which distance themselves from empty abstractions.


Having 6500 integrated sensors and a wide network of embedded systems, ADREAM can be categorized as one of the prototype smart buildings of France. As needs for intelligent management of energy on a city scale are growing, the ADREAM project provides a multidisciplinary platform of experimentation, developing solutions for efficient Energy Networks and Smart Grids. This paper provides the description of the project along with an overview of the various energy and control systems installed. Three different modeling techniques are presented, illustrating their strengths and limitations on simulating the thermal behavior of the building and the functioning of the different energy systems. A thermal model of the building was developed and calibrated for thermal analysis and energy consumption prediction, using the software Pleiades+Comfie. A "black box" model was developed for the simulation of energy system parameters and the exploration of efficient control strategies. A modeling technique using Dynamic Neural Networks was also developed for a more precise modeling of the various systems and their outputs. The conclusion addresses the utility of exploring and combining different types of models for optimizing the energy management of Smart Buildings.


M.pharm, Department of Pharmaceutics, MET's Institute Of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nasik-422003 Mob no. +91-8983809997 ABSTRACT The scenario present in this article is to focus on areas of research in caner and its therapy. An outline is explained here related to cancer and its therapeutics. It is possible to design and construct targeted with least side effects system by application of nanotechnology. At Nano scale, novel properties are present with nanoparticle making them magic bullets to kill various diseases. Here it is explored that nanoparticles have so much potential to be used as carriers, selective, targeted system. In the recent years, due to lots of changes and advancement in technique, facility etc. scope for dosage form design has been widened.


In an effort reduce abnormal behaviors, especially regurgitation and reingestion, and promote higher activate levels, straw and scattered forage material were added to the enclosures of 13 indoor-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in pairs and trios. Behavioral effects were examined by comparing 65 hr in the baseline condition with 65 hr in the experimental condition. Subjects spent 8.7% of observed time foraging or otherwise manipulating the straw, and no evidence of habituation was found over 9 weeks. Males foraged at a rate three times that of females. Overall, abnormal behavior was significantly reduced. Examined alone, regurgitation and reingestion levels fell to less than one-third their former level and ceased to rise with elapsed time since feeding. Subjects spent less time displaying and more time locomoting and playing. This enrichment option was found to be practical in terms of caretaker effort and expense and caused no health problems. Zoo Biol 16:225–236, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


The main goal of this research is to model and predict the fiscal pressure indicator and the real GDP rate in the European Union during 1996-2013 using the vectorialautoregressive approach. According to Granger test for causality, only the real GDP rate is a cause of the weight tax in GDP, the relationship not being reciprocal. The fiscal pressure volatility is due mainly to the evolution of this indicator, but the influence decreases in time, not descending under 82%. More than 41% of the variation in real growth is explained by the fiscal pressure volatility starting with the 6th lag. The static and deterministic simulation generated the best predictions of the fiscal pressure indicator on the horizon 2011-2013.


The quality and performance of many multi-channel signal processing strategies in microphone arrays as well as mobile devices for the enhancement of speech intelligibility and audio quality depends to a large extent on the acoustic sound field that they are exposed to. As long as the assumption on the sound field is not met, the performance decreases significantly and may even yield worse results for the user than an unprocessed signal. Current hearing aids provide the user for instance with different programs to adapt the signal processing to the acoustic situation. Signal classification describes the signal content and not the type of sound field. Therefore, a further classification of the sound field, in addition to the signal classification, would increase the possibilities for an optimal adaption of the automatic program selection and the signal processing methods in mobile devices. To this end a sound field classification method is proposed that is based on the complex coherences between the input signals of distributed acoustic sensors. In addition to the general approach an exemplary setup of a hearing aid equipped with two microphone sensors is discussed. As only coherences are used, the method classifies the sound field regardless of the signal carried by it. This approach complements and extends the current signal classification approach used in common mobile devices. The method was successfully verified with simulated audio input signals and with real life examples.


Disclosed is a heat-curable resin composition of which the linear expansion coefficient can be reduced and the handling properties can be improved. The heat-curable resin composition is characterized by comprising a heat-curable resin, a phenolic curing agent, a non-crystalline silica and talc.


This study aims to determine the effect of dissatisfaction with the attitude of complaining and complaining behavior committed consumers who purchased a Yamaha motorcycle in the city of Denpasar. Sample size of 105 people with purposive sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires that using 5-point Likert scale to measure the 15 indicators of the three variables of the study. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. This study obtain the result that the complaining attitude positive and significant effect on the behavior complained of and dissatisfaction positive and significant effect on the behavior complained.


A new technique to significantly simplify the generation and detection of arbitrary complex-field optical waveforms is presented, inspired by temporal counterparts of spatial-domain holography concepts. An 8-QAM signal is generated using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator and an optical bandpass filter.


In this paper I point out remarkable similarities between the Orestes myth and the Arabic story of al-Zir. In addition to the parallels adduced by the Egyptian critic Louis 'Awad (1968) and in my earlier study 'Blood on the Wedding Bed' (2017), I argue here that the killing of a she-camel which ignited the Arabic Basus War is a parallel to Agamemnon's killing of a sacred deer on the eve of the Trojan War. I propose five criteria to distinguish between weak and strong parallels, and argue that there are not only similarities between single episodes from the Orestes myth and the story of al-Zir, but that the main plot line of both stories is also conspicuously similar.


We present a power spectral density analysis of the short cadence Kepler data for the cataclysmic variable V1504 Cygni. We identify three distinct periods: the orbital period (1.668 ± 0.006 hours), the superhump period (1.732 ± 0.010 hours), and the infrahump period (1.633±0.005 hours). The results are consistent with those predicted by the period excess-deficit relation.


This study demonstrates that the comic mode in the epic, and in some outstanding plays and novels, is inseparable from their high seriousness. Dr. Lord takes into account the fact that in many of the greatest works in Western literature, the heroic mockery of serious themes transcends the distinction between the tragic and the comic and are in fact related to each other.


The alarming increase and incidence of poverty in Benue State, in particular, and the country at large, in spite of the establishment and activities of poverty alleviation programmes, has stimulated the need to assess the poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria. Thus, this paper has attempted to assess virtually all the poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria during the unhampered democratic dispensation, stretching from 1999. The paper focuses on the National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) with a critical assessment of its activities and impact in Benue State. In view of this study, the paper employs the multidisciplinary approach of research methodology, complimented by oral interviews with which data were assembled for this work. In the course of this, the paper discovered that, NAPEP, like its predecessors could not make any meaningful impact in reducing poverty among the people of Benue State, and the country at large, due to numerous militating factors. Although, some extent of impact was seen, like in the distribution of the three-cyclist motor, called "Keke-NAPEP", skill acquisition training of some selected few, and physical cash disbursement to some beneficiaries. However, the impact was not meaningful due to challenges ranging from lack of sufficient fund, embezzlement of the available fund, mismanagement and corruption, lack of targeting of the poor, selection of few local governments in BenueState in the implementation of the programme, among others. All these have combined to render NAPEP incapacitated in alleviating poverty amongst the people. Against this backdrop, the paper has made some recommendations for the revitalization of NAPEP, and for future poverty alleviation programmes to be result-oriented.


The purpose of this master's thesis is to describe and analyse the origin and development of the libraries in the town of Varnamo, between the years 1908 and 1960, when a new modern public li ...


Several well-known scholars, including Clarence Karier, Walter Feinberg, and Eamonn Callan, have offered arguments suggesting that John Dewey was more politically conservative than is generally thought. Karier and Feinberg base their respective cases on Dewey's involvement with Polish community during World War I, while Callan relies heavily on some remarks offered in one of Dewey's later works, Ethics. In the following account, it is suggested that neither of these analyses withstands careful scrutiny. In the case of the Polish affair, Karier and Feinberg are not able to marshal sufficient evidence to condemn Dewey convincingly, and there is a significant quantity of counterevidence which indicates that Dewey's intentions were benign. Callan's case, though seemingly convincing, is undermined by the joint authorship of the Ethics and by information contained in Dewey's correspondence. In conclusion, it is argued that the more popular understanding of Dewey as a left-liberal reformer is, in fact, correct.


The psychometrical quality of instruments to measure goal orientations of students in competence-based Pre-Vocational Secondary Education (PVSE) was tested in a study that was carried out with 31 participants. The students' goal orientations were measured by means of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and an online sorting task. Based on the results of the study, the questionnaire appeared to measure the goal orientation of the students most efficiently. Depending on the results of the questionnaire, it can be concluded that 24 of the 31 participants had a mastery goal orientation when working in work place simulation. The other 7 students had a preference for work avoidance orientation. Goals and motivation of the PVSE students are strongly related to task value.


This paper covers a number of approaches that leverage Artificial Intelligence algorithms and techniques to aid Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) autonomy. An analysis of current approaches to autonomous control is provided followed by an exploration of how these techniques can be extended and enriched with AI techniques including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Ensembling and Reinforcement Learning (RL) to evolve control strategies for UCAVs.


The thermoluminescence of diphenyl, solid benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene has been studied after exciting them with cathode rays at liquid oxygen temperature. Also the decay rates of the afterglow have been measured. The thermoluminescence in each case consists of several peaks emitted at low temperature. The afterglow decay has been found to be exponential.


In this paper, we demonstrate a scheme to tailor both longitudinal and transverse modes inside a laser cavity and constitute an eye-safe single longitudinal mode Er:Y3Al5O12 (Er:YAG) vector laser. A q-plate is employed as a spin-orbital conversion element to modulate the transverse mode and obtain cylindrical vector beams. An optical isolator is employed as a non-reciprocal element for the ring cavity to enforce unidirectional operation and achieve single longitudinal oscillation. The characteristics of power, transverse intensity, and polarization spectrum of the output beams are observed. The observed typical single longitudinal mode and highly matched special polarizations prove the successful tailoring of both longitudinal and transverse modes.


Abstract Post-industrial textile waste has been identified as a growing crisis in the developing world. Being a leading apparel manufacturing hub, post-industrial textile waste in Sri Lanka creates severe environmental challenges due to massive quantities of synthetic raw materials being used, and the absence of proper waste management systems. This study employed a survey and interviews to investigate the current status of post-industrial textile waste in the Sri Lankan apparel manufacturing industry and the management attitudes towards implementing sustainable waste management strategies. Results indicate that a manufacturing firm generates 10–20 tons of post-industrial textile waste per month, and the preferred disposal route is incineration, followed by landfilling. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire results indicates the lack of management initiatives taken in developing waste management strategies. New regulations to control landfilling are imminently necessary to minimize environmental impacts. Global fashion retailers must extend their environmental responsibility to support manufacturing firms to implement effective waste management systems by providing much needed technology and financial support.


For developing good quality information systems, the need of developing good quality conceptual models cannot be over emphasized. To improve the quality of a conceptual model, schema transformation rules have been proposed in our previous research. For applications developed using relational database management systems, conceptual models are translated into relational schema and the quality of a relational schema is determined in terms of the normal form satisfied by each relation in the database schema. Though various normal forms have been proposed in the literature, database designers, in practice, usually normalize a relational database schema up to third normal form (3NF) or Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Deciding between 3NF and BCNF has always been an important design issue because a BCNF decomposition of a relation schema may lose dependency preservation. In this paper, we identify properties of the relations which are in 3NF and not in BCNF. Some of these properties have been informally stated in text books or in the literature without any formal proofs. We state these properties clearly and also present their formal proofs. This research facilitates in devising schema transformation rules that can further improve the quality of a conceptual model.


Early childhood has become a priority in national and international political agendas. In the last decade, states have elaborated social policies and launched a variety of programmes for young children. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this research explores the most prominent conceptualisations of children and childhood underpinning official Early Childhood policies in Peru, drawing on theoretical frameworks from childhood studies. The study identified the existence of a convergence of discourses about children and childhood in the policy documents which are based on different perspectives: developmental psychology, human capital theory and a children's rights-based approach. From this analysis, I argue that early childhood policies in Peru evidence a developmentalist predominance that has problematic implications in the context of the country's bicentennial anniversary of independence. I analyse how this developmental focus leads to a lack of sensitivity about the impact of cultural factors on children's experiences and on the exercise of their rights, particularly on children's right to participation. Finally, I argue for a rethinking of Peruvian early childhood policies and future policymaking processes using a sociological lens, in order to accomplish the State's objective of building a post-bicentennial nation that is able to secure improvements on children's lives and advance social justice.


Summary This paper reports an investigation into the attitudes of 200 mixed secondary pupils from both rural and urban schools towards programmed instruction as a teaching method and towards geography, as a subject studied in this way. Pupils in their second year in each school were divided into experimental and control groups matched on the basis of achievement, verbal and quantitative aptitude tests. The attitudes of both groups towards geography and programmed instruction were pre‐tested by questionnaire. The groups then underwent two different learning sessions for three weeks. Despite more positive attitudes shown initially by the control group to both geography and programmed learning, the experimental group later performed better and showed more favourable attitudes towards map reading than those taught by conventional texts, this being even more so for boys. Reasons for the results and certain features of the study are discussed.


The transition metal complexes monomer Ni(Salen) was synthesized by chemical process,the poly[Ni(Salen)] were electropolymerized under different potentials by potentiostatic method,and the electrochemical performance and physical characterization were investigated.The poly[Ni(Salen)] which was electropolymerized under the potential of 1.2 V has better performance than those by the potentiostatic methods,its capacitance ranges from 62.4 to 2.5 mF·cm-2 at 0.1~10 mA·cm-2.The FESEM showed that the micro morphology of the poly[Ni(Salen)] film is a cluster-like granule structure with slender filaments winding.