n modern aircraft design, increased attention is being paid to the conceptual and preliminary design phases so as to increase the odds of creating a design that will ultimately be successful at the completion of the design process. Since aerospace systems are complex systems with interacting disciplines and technologies, the decision makers dealing with such design problems are involved in balancing multiple, potentially conflicting attributes/criteria, transforming a large amount of customer supplied guidelines into a solidly defined set of requirement definitions. As a result, the criteria have to be all simultaneously taken into account and a compromise essentially becomes part of the decision making process. Various methods and techniques are available to deal with such sort of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. In the 1970's, Saaty proposed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which facilitates the MCDM problems that have a hierarchical structure of attributes by reducing complex decisions to a series of pair-wise comparisons. In this method, the preference information is elicited as the pair-wise comparisons between attributes or alternatives and treated using the eigenvector method. The other straightforward method to handle the MCDM problem is the Overall Evaluation Criterion (OEC) technique, presented in Ref 3. The OEC is a single metric and is obtained by summing multiple non-dimensional attribute metrics normalized by the metric values of a relevant baseline. Another commonly used MCDM technique is the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The "best" solution chosen by TOPSIS is the alternative that is the closest to the positive ideal solution and the furthest from the negative ideal solution. The separation between each alternative solution and the ideal solution, which is determined by the weighted criteria, is rather sensitive to criterion weights, so typically several weighting scenarios are investigated to determine the final solution. Among these developed MCDM methods, different methods have different underlying assumptions, information requirements, analysis models, and decision rules that are designed for solving a certain class of decision making problems. This implies that it is critical to use the most appropriate method to solve the problem under consideration since the use of unsuitable method always leads to misleading design decisions. Consequently, bad design decisions will result in big loss to the society, such as property damage or personal injury. Thus, it is necessary to review the existing MCDM methods, discuss in depth their advantages, disadvantages, applicability, computational complexity, etc. in order to make right decision when choosing the right method for the given problem. In this paper a hybrid MCDM method is developed to deal with the problem under consideration. Relative weights of the evaluation criteria are elicited by using the eigenvector method to describe the decision maker's preference information. The TOPSIS method is used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data of input parameters and find the solution to the given problem. An aircraft technology selection problem is conducted as a proof of implementation to demonstrate the functionality and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


This paper investigates the feasibility of charging electric vehicles (EV) with PV panels at workplaces and residences and declares the suitable PV system capacity in Visaldhapatnam. As the penetration of EVs is increasing, need of charging stations with renewable energy to reduce burden on power system and also to mitigate climate change. The work considers charging stations for residential and workplace for its study. The configuration of the charging stations is based on the models proposed by NITI AAYOG, Government of India. Starting with estimation of charging profile of an EV, the work estimates the power requirement of a typical charging station for worlaplace applications (Only solar PV) and for residential (solar PV with energy storage) with a fired tilt and azimuth angle. A suitable solar PV system, with and without energy storage, to meet the above desired power is desigued, by using SAM software. The appropriate PV system is found for EV charging stations (CS) by analysing the technical and economic performance of different capacities of the solar PV system to meet the expected demand. The study results show the selfconsumption, cost of energy (COE), payback period (PBP), and net present value (NPV) based on which the capacity of solar photo voltaic (SPV) system and with or without energy storage is decided and selected depending on its application.


INTRODUCTION Amphibians are a diverse vertebrate class in forests, wetlands and undisturbed areas. Although their role in ecosystem dynamics has not been intensively studied, their potential abundance suggest significant roles in energy transfers and nutrient cycling. Burton and Likens (1975) in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest of New Hampshire found salamander (primarily Plethodon cinereus) numbers to regularly exceed 2,000 per hectare, with concomitant biomass at 1.65 kg per hectare, equaling that of small mammals and twice that of birds. Amphibians also reduce eutrophication of wetlands by their net export of nitrogen. At some wetlands the nitrogen in tadpoles is more than double that of residual pond nitrogen. Furthermore, amphibians in some wetlands (e.g., Rana pipiens, R. catesbeiana, and Ambystoma spp.) collectively export six to 12 times more nitrogen from the ponds than imported through spawning by breeding adults (Seale 1980). Finally, tadpoles also reduce the biomass of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae and primary production by feeding on all forms of algae (Seale 1980, Beebee 1996).


The relaxation time of five nearly spherical molecules, nitrobromoform, nitrochloroform, tert‐butyl cyanide, trimethylacetaldehyde, and tert‐butyl amine, has been determined at different temperatures. The molar volumes of all these nearly spherical molecules are approximately equal, but the macroscopic as well as microscopic (molecular) relaxation times do not show linear dependence on viscosity. This suggests that although the molecules may have the same molar volume, they have different volume for dipole rotation. The Cole—Cole distribution parameter comes out to be zero for all these molecules. The free energy of activation for the dielectric relaxation process is much smaller than that for the viscosity process. The enthalpy of activation is less than free energy of activation, consequently the entropy of activation is negative for all the molecules.


Water pipes and drinking water quality deterioration in distribution systems and sea water desalination impose the use of corrosion inhibitors. The protective effect of spiropyrazole derivatives against Q235 steel and its adsorption performance were examined in solution of 1 M HCl utilizing TP (Tafel polarization), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The outcome data from hindrance efficiency rise with the dose of inhibitor. The orders of %IE of spiropyrazole derivatives are given: (1) > (2) > (3).It was noted that the values of EHOMO and ELUMO dropping in order run parallel to the improvement in %IE, which support the preceding order. EIS spectra exhibited one capacitive loop and approve the protective ability. Molecular docking was utilized to get a full picture on the binding mode among spiropyrazoles derivatives and the receptor of 3tt8-hormone of crystal structure examination of Cu human insulin derivative. The morphology of protected Q235 steel was evaluated by checking electron magnifying instrument innovation with energy dispersive X-beam spectroscopy (SEM–EDX).


.................................................................................................................................... 1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ......................................................................................................... 4 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Method .................................................................................................................................... 18 Search strategy ................................................................................................................................ 18 Search results .................................................................................................................................. 19 Critical appraisal ............................................................................................................................ 19 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Characteristics of included studies ................................................................................................ 24 Quality of included studies ............................................................................................................. 25 Clarity of research .......................................................................................................................... 38 Representativeness .......................................................................................................................... 38 Confounding Variables ................................................................................................................... 39 Outcome measures .......................................................................................................................... 39 Statistical Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 40 Overall quality of methodology ..................................................................................................... 41 Summary of main findings in the context of methodological quality of studies ....................... 41 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 47 References ............................................................................................................................... 55 JOURNAL ARTICLE ............................................................................................................ 64 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 65 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 66 Aims and Hypotheses ...................................................................................................................... 66 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 84 Design ............................................................................................................................................... 84 Participants...................................................................................................................................... 84 Procedure ......................................................................................................................................... 84 Measures .......................................................................................................................................... 85 Ethical approval .............................................................................................................................. 89 Statistical Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 89 Data screening ................................................................................................................................. 92 Missing data..................................................................................................................................... 93 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 94 Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 105 Limitations ..................................................................................................................................... 111 Clinical and Theoretical Implications ......................................................................................... 112 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 113 References ............................................................................................................................. 115 References across whole thesis ............................................................................................ 130 Total word count excluding references and appendices: 21, 278 FIGURES, TABLES AND APPENDICES Figures Figure 1.1: Systematic Review Flowchart Process ............................................................. 23 Tables Table 1.1: Data Extraction Table ........................................................................................ 26 Table 1.2: Quality criteria scores ........................................................................................ 36 Table 2.1: Participant demographic details ......................................................................... 94 Table 2.2: Descriptive statistics for all variables ................................................................ 95 Table 2.3: Bivariate correlation between perfectionism and self-compassion (associated p values) ................................................................................................................................. 96 Table 2.4: Summary of multiple regression analysis (perfectionism and psychological distress 1 and perfectionism and psychological well-being) ................................................ 98 Table 2.5: Summary of multiple regression analysis (self-compassion and psychological distress 2 and self-compassion and psychological well-being 2 ) ........................................... 99 Table 2.6: Hierarchical multiple regression of model of predictors of psychological distress .............................................................................................................................. 101 Table 2.7: Hierarchical multiple regression of model of predictors of psychological wellbeing. ................................................................................................................................ 103 Table H.1: Skewness and kurtosis, standard error (SE) and z-scores ............................... 174 Appendices Appendix A: Author Guidelines Developmental Psychology Journal ........................... 151 Appendix B: Excluded Studies and Rationale .................................................................. 157 Appendix C: Quality Criteria ............................................................................................ 158 Appendix D: Parental Information Sheet and Opt out form ............................................. 164 Appendix E: Participant Information Sheet and Consent Form ....................................... 167 Appendix F: Participant Debriefing Form ........................................................................ 171 Appendix G: Ethics Approval Letters ............................................................................... 172 Appendix H: Additional Statistics .................................................................................... 174


Past nuclear disasters, such as the atomic bombings in 1945 and major accidents at nuclear power plants, have highlighted similarities in potential public health eff ects of radiation in both circumstances, including health issues unrelated to radiation exposure. Although the rarity of nuclear disasters limits opportunities to undertake rigorous research of evidence-based interventions and strategies, identifi cation of lessons learned and development of an eff ective plan to protect the public, minimise negative eff ects, and protect emergency workers from exposure to high-dose radiation is important. Additionally, research is needed to help decision makers to avoid premature deaths among patients already in hospitals and other vulnerable groups during evacuation. Since nuclear disasters can aff ect hundreds of thousands of people, a substantial number of people are at risk of physical and mental harm in each disaster. During the recovery period after a nuclear disaster, physicians might need to screen for psychological burdens and provide general physical and mental health care for many aff ected residents who might experience long-term displacement. Reliable communication of personalised risks has emerged as a challenge for health-care professionals beyond the need to explain radiation protection. To overcome diffi culties of risk communication and provide decision aids to protect workers, vulnerable people, and residents after a nuclear disaster, physicians should receive training in nuclear disaster response. This training should include evidence-based interventions, support decisions to balance potential harms and benefi ts, and take account of scientifi c uncertainty in provision of community health care. An open and joint learning process is essential to prepare for, and minimise the eff ects of, future nuclear disasters.


OBJECTIVE
To study the management and prognosis of nongenital metastatic ovarian carcinoma.

METHODS
Thirty-four patients with nongenital metastatic ovarian carcinoma who were admitted in to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between 1998 and 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS
The median survival time of group A (optimal cytoreductive surgery), group B (optimal cytoreductive surgery + chemotherapy), group C (sub-optimal cytoreductive surgery) and group D (sub-optimal cytoreductive surgery + chemotherapy) was 5.0, 10.0, 4.0 and 6.5 months, respectively. The difference was significant between groups A and B, B and C, as well as between group C and D (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Most of nongenital metastatic ovarian carcinomas come from tumors of stomach and intestine. Optimal cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy play an important role in the management and prognosis of nongenital metastatic ovarian carcinoma.


nervous patients. vomited almost immediately after taking the capsules, which were returned whole, but this can hardly b, attributed to any toxic effect of the drug. In one ether case there was slight diarrhoea, the bowels acting three times-during the night. All the other patients were apparently quite unaffected by the drug, and in no single instance did a patieht fail to appear at the appointed time for the first x-ray examination.


Solutions for the borehole problem based on Biot's poroelasticity theory have shown that drilling through fluid saturated formations, gives rise to time-dependent stress and pore pressure fields in the vicinity of the borehole. As a natural consequence, borehole stability in such formations is of a time-dependent nature. However, existing analyses are based on two limiting cases viz., constant pore pressure and/or no flux boundary conditions at the borehole wall. Adding time dependency to the pore fluid boundary conditions can simulate realistic field conditions such as those observed during hydraulic fracturing, fluid injection or development of filter cake. Analytical solutions for inclined boreholes with time-dependent pore pressure and flux boundary conditions at the borehole wall are presented in this paper. Analysis is carried out for two special cases of the ramp-type pore pressure and linearly reducing flux boundary conditions. Analytical solutions are supplemented with asymptotic solutions for sm...


Introduction Primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive sweating. Several topical anticholinergic agents have been developed, but the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of changing medication pathways of anticholinergics for PHH is limited. Methods and analysis PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched from inception to March 2022 for studies that may be eligible for inclusion. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PHH treated by topical anticholinergic drugs will be included. The primary outcomes include severity of hyperhidrosis measured quantitatively, the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) score or the proportion of subjects with a minimum 2-grade improvement from baseline in HDSS, the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Measure-Axillary (HDSM-Ax) score and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The secondary outcomes focused on safety and tolerability. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be performed by two investigators independently. Data synthesis will be performed with RevMan 5.4 software. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will not be needed in this review due to no data are involved in patient's information and privacy. The results will be published and diffused in a peer-reviewed journal or relative conferences.


A study was conducted on the effect of roxazyme G2G on the nutritional value of rice bran in order to reduce the cost of feeding broiler chicken. Eight week feeding trial was carried out study using day old Anak Strain of broiler. Four groups of fifty birds each were fed two diets that contained 10 and 20% rice bran with or without Ro xazyme G2G in a f actorial d esign. Data wer e co llected o n pe rformance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and intestinal tract length. At starter and finisher phases Significant (p<0.05) depression were observed in Average Daily Gain (ADG) when rice bran was increased from 10 to 20% in the diets (25.60 and 40.20 g versus 22.10 and 36.10 g, respectively) . This effect was reversed when enzyme was added. Increasing the rice bran from 10 to 20% reduced (p<0.05) feed cost but increased production cost which was reversed when diet was supplemented with enzyme. Birds fed 20% rice bran had lower (p<0.05) live weight and nutrient utilization than those fed 10% but which were improved when enzyme was added. Diets had no effect on feed intake and mortality. Gizzard weight and gastro-intestinal tract length of birds fed 20% rice bran were higher (p<0.05). It was concluded that 10% rice bran can be included in broiler diets but may be increased to 20% when roxazyme G2G is added.


3D geometry modeling technique is a leading branch in computer graphics,among which the facial modeling is one of the most important.This facial modeling technique based on polygons and curves can achieve desirable results: creating 3D facial modeling using ASE file derived from 3D Max,then adjusting and editing the feature points and feature lines for the model using Bezier curve,thus forming the personal model for users.


he role of nonpharmacologic analgesic modali-ties in the treatment of chronic pain syndromeshas long been questioned by medical practitio-ners because of a lack of adequately powered, pro-spective, randomized, double-blind sham-controlledstudies supporting their use in clinical practice (1–3).According to Smith et al. (1) most valid trials withacupuncture for chronic back and neck pain "tendedto be negative." Interestingly, the authors of this sys-tematic review drew their "own conclusions(positive/negative)" based on their interpretation ofthese data. The article by Sator-Katzenschlager et al.(4) in the current issue of the journal describing aprospective, randomized sham-controlled study in-volving auricular acupuncture contributes to thegrowing body of scientific data supporting the use ofelectroanalgesic modalities in the management ofchronic low back pain (CLBP) (5–11).Analogous to earlier sham-controlled studies in-volving the use of percutaneous electrical nerve stim-ulation in the short-term management of CLBP (5–9),Sator-Katzenschlager found significant benefits ofelectro- (versus manual) acupuncture with respect tolower pain scores, improved "sense of well-being,"physical activity, and quality of sleep, and a reducedneed for oral analgesic medication (4). The currentinvestigation extends these earlier studies by alsoevaluating the longer-term benefits of electroanalgesiain the CLBP population. Of significant importancefrom the societal perspective, the CLBP patients re-ceiving electrostimulation were able to return to full-time work earlier as a result of their improved qualityof life. In a placebo-controlled study, Carlsson andSjolund (10) also suggested that electroacupuncturehas long-term beneficial effects in patients with CLBP.The study by Sator-Katzenschlager et al. (4) furtherdocuments the advantage of direct electrical (versusmechanical) needle stimulation in enhancing the anal-gesic benefits of acupuncture in patients with CLBP.In patients with acute pain, the intensity of the elec-trical stimulus was one of the primary determinants ofits analgesic efficacy (12). Interestingly, well controlledstudies involving the use of manual intradermal acu-puncture needles have also demonstrated impressivebenefits in the perioperative setting (13). Although thecurrent study involved the use of an auricular acu-puncture point, it is possible that similar results couldhave been achieved with electrical stimulation at otheracupoints (14), and/or specific dermatomes (5–9) cor-responding to the patient's pain symptoms. In fact, ithas been demonstrated, using an acute pain model,that identical analgesic benefits can be achieved bystimulating at either an acupoint or the correspondingdermatomal levels (14).One of the major benefits of the auricular acupunc-ture device relates to its small size and the ability ofthe therapy to be administered on an ambulatory ba-sis, obviating the need for frequent clinic visits toreceive treatments. Comparative studies are needed toevaluate efficacy of transcutaneous electrical stimula-tion of the auricular acupuncture point (15) and thepercutaneous auricular electroacupuncture techniqueutilized in the study by Sator-Katzenschlager et al. (4).It will also be important to determine how long thebeneficial effects of auricular acupuncture persist afterthe therapy is discontinued.Further research is clearly needed to establish therole of simple electroanalgesic techniques such as au-ricular acupuncture and percutaneous neuromodula-tion therapy in the multimodal management of acute(15), subacute (16), and chronic pain syndromes (4–11)as well as for treating more serious medical conditions(17). Although auricular acupuncture has been widelyused to treat both cocaine and alcohol addiction, re-cently published randomized, controlled clinical trials


The existing US interstate ecological governance system can be divided into three categories according to the governance subject: traditional government governance, inter-governmental cooperation governance and special organizational governance. Traditional ecological governance is a government-led public governance, that is, the use of public power. US interstate eco-governance governance includes administrative control-led environmental regulation, legislative legislative ecological behavior, and judicial system environmental litigation ruling. Interstate issues are essentially intergovernmental relationships, so inter-governmental cooperation mechanisms are the proper meaning of interstate ecological governance. Traditional interstate agreements and central government cooperation governance are two common ways of interstate cooperation governance. The special organization is the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which is a company based in the United States. It is a state-owned company that was established in May 1933 in accordance with the Tennessee Valley Authority Act. Formal operation, it is a regional comprehensive governance and comprehensive development plan, "is the first organized attempt in the history of the United States to skillfully arrange the fate of the entire basin and its residents." The US interstate ecological governance system is effective and relevant. The governance system that basically meets the requirements of multi-center governance plays an active role in dealing with interstate ecological environmental disputes and protection. China and the United States have certain similarities in the field of ecological governance. On the basis of national conditions, China's cross-regional ecological governance can learn from the US's governance experience to achieve "good governance" of cross-regional ecological problems.


Real-time Segmentation is of crucial importance to robotics related applications such as autonomous driving, driving assisted systems, and traffic monitoring from unmanned aerial vehicles imagery. We propose a novel two-stream convolutional network for motion segmentation, which exploits flow and geometric cues to balance the accuracy and computational efficiency trade-offs. The geometric cues take advantage of the domain knowledge of the application. In case of mostly planar scenes from high altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), homography compensated flow is used. While in the case of urban scenes in autonomous driving, with GPS/IMU sensory data available, sparse projected depth estimates and odometry information are used. The network provides 4.7⨯ speedup over the state of the art networks in motion segmentation from 153ms to 36ms, at the expense of a reduction in the segmentation accuracy in terms of pixel boundaries. This enables the network to perform real-time on a Jetson T⨯2. In order to recuperate some of the accuracy loss, geometric priors is used while still achieving a much improved computational efficiency with respect to the state-of-the-art. The usage of geometric priors improved the segmentation in UAV imagery by 5.2 % using the metric of IoU over the baseline network. While on KITTI-MoSeg the sparse depth estimates improved the segmentation by 12.5 % over the baseline. Our proposed motion segmentation solution is verified on the popular KITTI and VIVID datasets, with additional labels we have produced. The code for our work is publicly available at11https://github.com/MSiam/RTMotSeg_Geom


Purpose of study Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is a demanding treatment for cancer patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Allo-HSCT patients are at high risk of infection, graft vs host disease, and poorer survival. In many cases, Allo-HSCT is one of the final treatment options for these patients. Going into the transplant, these patients experience significant stress, which may have an impact on the treatment and the outcomes. This study is to analyse the baseline psychological characteristics of these patients and their relationships. Methods used Prior to transplant, psychological measures were collected from Allo-HSCT patients (n=159) using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Stai_S). Information on their demographics was also collected at baseline. Chart review information was also available. Summary of results The mean age of the patients was 53.3 years old (SD=14.8), with 64.8% were male. Diagnoses included 97 had leukaemia, 21 had lymphoma, 35 had myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative syndrome, and 6 had other diagnoses such as multiple myeloma and severe aplastic anaemia. The mean PSS was 21.7 (SD=8.0), placing them in the range for moderate stress. CESD mean score was 20.4 (SD=6.7), which exceeds the clinical cutoff of 16 or greater. The mean anxiety score was 36.8 (SD=11.6), which also exceeds population norms for this age group. There is significant correlation between CESD and PSS (r=0.550, p=0.000) and between CESD and Stai_S (r=0.529, p=0.000). PSS and Stai_S are also significantly correlated (r=0.686, p=0.000). Conclusions Allo-HSCT patients at baseline have elevated Perceived Stress and Stai_S scores as well as high CESD score. These values indicate that the Allo-HSCT patients prior to transplant are experiencing stressors that are affecting their psychological health, which may affect their treatment outcomes. There are significant correlations between depression, perceived stress and anxiety, which help demonstrate that these psychological measures are often comorbid. Further studies are needed to explore how the baseline measures of Allo-HSCT affect treatment outcomes. (Supported in part by a contract from PCORI CE-1304–6208.)


Today, still was between the small and middle businessman that did not know how the method improved their sale system. The problem that of- ten happened, that is the production of transaction proof manually, the list of the thing data that not yet terstruktur, as well as the customer's data that was not yet kept to back up if a time had the complaint from the customers. There- fore, the writer meant to provide this application program as his resolution media. This application program contained about the production of the application of the sale trans- action with mengunakan Visual Basic 2008 as the interface with the user at the same time the programming media of the writer but also as connector to the database that was used that is SQL Server 2005 as the storage media of the data. The application program of the trade transaction that the writer for this consisted of contact's twelve screens. Where between contact's one screen and that lai him mu- tually terhubung in the main page screen. The writer also added several tur tur in addition that eventually can help the use from the available application program like, the in- crease capacity and update the newest data in this applica- tion so as the user could develop personally the application that was owned by him.


The term "structure", as used here, includes synclinal and anticlinal folds and folding in general, faults, cross fractures and various conditions associated with intrusions. Structure, both regional and local, has a very important role in emplacement of mineralization. Under certain circumstances which occur fairly commonly, structural conditions are reflected significantly in the trends and intensities apparent on aeromagnetic maps. A number of documented illustrations based on Canadian Shield conditions are discussed. Illustrations are drawn from areas of known geology and from proven mining camps, as well as from loci of recent discoveries. Canadian examples are chosen because of existence and availability of extensive aeromagnetic cover, although it is logical to extend the argument to other shields and indeed to regions of other geological, but similar magnetic character. The importance of aeromagnetics in structural approach to exploration and the correctness of such approach seem to be fully substantiated by results discussed.


This study focuses on media multitasking (MM) tendency while accounting for the heterogeneity of the store visits and purchase behaviors of media multitaskers. We employed a latent class model to identify several consumer segments and investigate the effect of behavioral traits on segment membership. Based on the results, we identified three segments and labeled them Apathetic, E-shopper, and E-buyer segments. Apathetic consumers show no interest in MM, store visits, and online purchases. The E-shopper segment records the highest MM, store visit probability, and low transaction rate, while the E-buyers exhibit the opposite behavior pattern. Furthermore, the results revealed that people who frequently use the Internet or television and watch more news programs are more likely to belong to the "E-shopper" segment. We also observed that people in the "E-buyer" segment are less probable to zap and watch variety shows more frequently. These findings are helpful for marketers to understand their customers better and devise more efficient marketing strategies.


Abstract The isotopic enrichment of HDO over H 2 O when water vapor freezes into ice at 60–170 K was studied experimentally. No such enrichment was detected (1.003–1.007 in the 95% confidence interval). Thus HDO cannot be enriched when ice is formed by freezing of water vapor. The very similar D/H ratio in the water of Comets Halley, Hyakutake, and Hale–Bopp (∼3 × 10 −4 ) is 10–20 times larger then the D/H ratio in the solar nebula. Therefore the cometary water had to originate in a giant molecular cloud, where the HDO is enriched by ion–molecule reactions. We cannot determine whether the ice grains which agglomerated into these comets were formed in a ∼50 K warm clump in the giant molecular cloud and settled intact to the solar nebula or sublimated and refroze in the ∼50 K Uranus–Neptune region. The HDO/H 2 O ratio in Earth's oceans suggests that the water was delivered by both comets and rocky material formed in Earth's region of the solar nebula.


The paper considers the railway high-speed running. It reviews foreign and domestic experience in construction and operation of high-speed lines in different countries, its problems associated with the designs of the rolling-stock and transport infrastructure, economic problems in designing the international transport corridors, including those in latitudinal Euro-Asian direction and Trans-Siberian railway line.


Fermented beverage of plant extract was prepared from 55 kinds of fruits and vegetables. Natural fermentation was conducted by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc spp.) and yeast (Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Pichia spp.). We have previously found that the fermented beverage contained the novel saccharide, O-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose, which is produced by the fermentation process. The characteristics of O-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2→6)-D-glucopyranose were investigated. The saccharide showed 0.2 times the sweetness of sucrose, non-cariogenicity and low digestibility. Furthermore, the unfavorable bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis that produce mutagenic substances did not use the saccharide. Therefore, it was thought that saccharide 1 could be a new material for foods.


The paper presents the basic directions of modernization IGIP curriculum for training and professional development of teachers of engineering universities, which were approved at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the International Society for Engineering Education IGIP March 13,2013. We comment this modernization from the point of view of the global state of engineering education, and the features of using the updated plan in parallel with modernization of higher education in Russia.


To solve financial distress prediction problem,Chinese manufacturing listed companies are regarded as the research objects,the special treatment(ST) as abnormal financial situation is regarded as symbol that listed companies are in financial distress,and index of ownership structure、characteristic of directorate and supervisory board is added into index system of financial prediction,BP neural network model optimized by genetic algorithm is constructed and the prediction is carried out for independent testing data sets.The results are compared with the research of logistic model、support vector machine model and BP neural network.The results show that the accuracy ratios of GA-BP neural network model are 91.25% and 82.5% for two-year and three-year prediction respectively,which has a great significant application value.


In this paper we introduce a new design for the magnifying superlens and demonstrate it in experiments. Our design has some common features with the recently proposed "optical hyperlens", "metamaterial crystal lens", and the plasmon-assisted microscopy technique. The internal structure of the magnifying superlens consists of concentric rings of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) deposited on a gold film surface.


Objective To investigate the association of functional polymorphisms c.-2265C/T on BRCA1gene promoter region and the susceptibility to epithelial ovarian carcinoma.Methods The BRCA1c.-2265C/T was genotyped by MGB-TaqMan PCR in 123patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma(group A)and 123age-mached healthy controls(group B).The correlation between the functional polymorphisms and the susceptibility to epithelial ovarian carcinoma was analyzed.Results The genotypes in group A were CC genotype in 44(35.8%)cases,CT genotype in 62(50.4%)cases and TT genotypein 17(13.8%)cases,which in group B were 45(36.6%)women,60(48.8%)women and 18(14.6%)women,respectively(P0.05).Compared to CC genotype,the correlation between the TT genotype and the susceptibility to epithelial ovarian carcinoma was not significant(P0.05).Conclusion Compared to C genotype,T genotype does not show any decreased risk for the susceptibility to epithelial ovarian cancer.


The paper deals with the features of the development of Russia's dairy industry; these peculiarities are connected with the introduction of food sanctions against the USA and the EU countries as well the issues of an effective import substitution strategy. The unfavorable factors leading to a threat of the crisis in the industry and the weakening of the food security of the Russian Federation are determined. Based on the analysis of secondary information, industry studies, marketing studies of specialized agencies to assess the state and trends of the development of the Russian dairy industry in terms of economic sanctions, the authors suggested a number of recommendations aimed at modernizing and restoring the technological base of the dairy industry, increasing its financial potential and improving the management strategy. Because of the conducted marketing research, the demand-supply ratio in the domestic dairy market was determined as well as the state of competition and the possibilities for introducing innovations. According to the results of expert interviews with dairy products sellers, sales representatives and supervisors of dairy plants, the dynamics of consumer preferences were revealed. The implementation of the proposed measures promotes the growth of competitiveness of the dairy industry in Russia along with its financial stabilization, as well as accelerated modernization of the agro-industrial complex providing import substitution.


: Intercropping is an attractive strategy to increase crop productivity and economic return through the efficient utilization of natural resources and agricultural inputs. A study was conducted to determine the profitable crop arrangement for the maize and chickpea intercropping system in Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Treatments comprised of three different tillage methods namely conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) and raised bed system assigned in the main plot and six different cropping systems viz. sole maize, sole chickpea, maize + chickpea (1:1), maize + chickpea (1:2), maize + chickpea (2:1) and maize + chickpea (2:2) cropping assigned in the sub-plot. The result demonstrated that the yield performance was affected by the tillage method as well as the row arrangement of maize and chickpea as intercrops. The study suggests that intercropping two rows of maize with two rows of chickpea under raised bed system is the most compatible in respect of productivity and profitability


In this paper, based on the sample of the listed company of AI concept stocks
from 2015 to 2017 as the panel data, research shows that R & D capital investment
is negatively correlated with the profitability of the AI enterprise,
and there is a lag effect. And R & D personnel inputs have nothing to do with
profitability. AI listed companies have the problem of "investing more and
output less" and limiting role of technical personnel. In this case, It's necessary
for AI enterprise to strengthen their core technical capacity, allocate resources
reasonably and play a long-term role in promoting profitability
through R & D.


Background and aims: Notch-1 signaling is active in ovarian cancer, and transfection of active Notch-1 into ovarian cancer cells promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. In contrast, targeting Notch-1 inhibits growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the associated molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly defined. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms of Notch-1 inhibition on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Notch-1 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA targeting Notch-1 (Notch-1 siRNA). The effect of Notch-1 inhibition on growth, apoptosis and invasion of ovarian cancer A2780 cells in vitro was detected using the methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, colony formation assay, Annexin V/PI double staining followed by flow cytometry, and Matrigel transwell and wound healing assays. The effect of Notch-1 on miR-124 and flotillin-1 (FLOT1) expression in A2780 cells was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assay. A subcutaneously implanted tumor model using A2780 cells in nude mice was used to assess the effects of Notch-1 inhibition on tumorigenesis and lung metastasis development. Results: Targeting Notch-1 by Notch-1 siRNA transfection induced apoptosis and inhibited growth and invasion of A2780 cells in vitro. Furthermore, targeting Notch-1 inhibited tumorigenesis and lung metastasis of A2780 cells in nude mice in vivo. Notch-1 inhibition increased miR-124 expression and decreased miR-124-dependent FLOT1 expression. Targeting miR-124 reversed the effects of Notch-1 inhibition on A2780 cells in vitro. In addition, targeting FLOT1 rescued the effects of miR-124 inhibition on A2780 cells in vitro. Conclusions: Therapies targeting the Notch-1 signaling pathway may be more effective in preventing primary tumor formation and inhibiting organ metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. The ability of this therapy to decrease tumorigenesis and metastasis may be related to miR-124/FLOT1 signaling.


Immobilized with silk solution, staphylococcal protein A (SPA) can be made into an insoluble silk membrane and then adsorbed to antiRGD antibody IgG to an SPA silk membrane, then adsorbed RGD (synthetic peptide, GLY-ARG-GLY-ASP-SER-PRO-LYS) which is adhesive and growth factor to IgG-SPA silk membrane(namely RGD-IgG-SPA silk membrane). The activity of SPA immobilized silk membrane was investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results demonstrated that the stability of SPA immobilized silk membrane has been greatly improved. Vascular endothelial cells were seeded onto the modified silk membrane. Effectiveness of the absorbance in the survival of cells was verified by tetrazolium-based assay (MTT). It demonstrated that RGD adsorbed IgG-SPA immobilized silk membrane could keep its bioactivity functionally.


Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the main element of the industrial development and economic growth. FDI will bring spillover effect in the form of technology transfer, increased competitiveness and surely will open up employment. But the presence of FDI into the country is not necessarily without problems. In the massif, the presence of FDI will build new factories that will bring the potential negative environmental externalities. This research aims to analyze the impact of FDI on the quality environment represented by CO2 emissions. In addition to the FDI also hosted other macroeconomic variables to see the impact on the environment in the aggregate economy. By using the time series regression analysis, the results show that the presence of the FDI has positive effects significantly to an increase in CO2 emissions. While the other macroeconomic variable, namely, poverty and population growth has a negative effect against CO2 emissions.


The current status and future development of rechargeable Ni-Cd aircraft batteries were described.Several modifications were made to the Ni-Cd batteries,including anode,cathode,membrane and electrolyte,for the improvement in the low-temperature performance.The modified Ni-Cd batteries can satisfy the starting of aircraft engine at-25 ℃.


With high-iron and low-aluminum coal gangue as raw material,the research of directly extracting aluminum,iron,titanium in acid leaching without hot-activation treatment was performed.The results show that the dissolution rate of aluminum,iron,and titanium overall rises with the increases of reaction temperature,the liquid-solid ratio and the time,but the dissolution rate of aluminum and iron decreases when sulfuric acid mass fraction exceeds 65%,titanium dissolution rate continues to increase.Through the investigation on four influence factors such as the mass fraction of acid,the liquid-solid ratio,temperature and reaction time,the influence law of each factor to the dissolution rate of aluminum,iron and titanium was obtained.Under the most suitable operating conditions of acid mass fraction 65%,liquid-solid ratio 3,temperature 115 ℃,time 4 h,the dissolution rates of aluminum,iron and titanium reach 88.86%,91.37% and 70.75% respectively.


In order to explore the effects of exercise and heat stress on IL-2,free radicals and regulating correlation in SD rats,the experiment is designed to make rats in exercise training for 6 weeks and add heat stress in the last training.The IL-2、SOD、MDA and SOD/MDA in peripheral blood and their correlation were measured.The results:1) After 6 weeks exercise training,the IL-2、SOD、and SOD/MDA in heat stress group and exercise training plus heat stress group were significantly lower than those in control group,while the MDA in exercise training plus heat stress group was significantly higher than those in control group.2) Compared with the group without any training under heat stress,the rats in the training group have higher IL-2、SOD、SOD/MDA in their blood serum,but the correlation is insignificant.The MDA in exercise training group was lower significantly under heat stress.3) Related analysis finds that the serum IL-2 has negative correlation with MDA and positive correlation with SOD and SOD/MDA.


The protective properties of a newly developed phosphoric acid based rust converter are investigated for reinforcement corrosion under chloride-contaminated concrete environment. The electrochemical evaluation of specimens after 6 years (2 years of wet-dry exposure in 3.5% sodium chloride solution and 4 years in dry laboratory environment) demonstrated that treating the reinforcing bar with the newly developed product significantly reduced the corrosion rate compared to the control reinforcing bar. Based on the results of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy, a new mechanism is described for the transformation of unstable rust phases into stable phases. It is observed that iron phosphate remains entrapped with corrosion products formed on the surface of the treated steel reinforcing bar, even after 6 years of exposure.


This article contains the analysis of a complementary training course for teachers with the theme "Practical Activities of Genetics, Evolution and Biotechnology", which took place in three meetings of eight hours each. The group of participants consisted of eleven teachers, of whom seven were of continuous formation, and four of initial formation. The subjects participated in the elaboration and execution of practical activities with the above theme, and these provided spaces for reflection and discussion of the teaching practice under the focus of problem solving theory.


The aim of this study was to investigate the drying kinetics and thermal degradation of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds of tulip and poppy petals, as potential source of natural colorant, under both oven and vacuum drying processes at 45, 55 and 65C. The novelty of the study is to be the first attempt on the anthocyanin degradation and drying characteristic of tulip and poppy petals during drying process. Drying rate in vacuum drying was greater than that of oven drying. Drying characteristic of the petals was described by selected six thin layer models. Midilli–Kucuk model was found to be the best model (R2 > 0.99). Vacuum drying at 55C was the best suitable drying condition for the preservation of anthocyanin content. Total color differences (ΔE) significantly changed, depending on the drying temperature. Lowest ΔE values were obtained in samples dried at 45C for tulip petals and at 65C for poppy petals.

Practical Applications

Color is one of the most important food quality parameters in the food industry, and both natural and synthetic food colorants are used in the food industry. In recent years, trend for use of natural food colorant has increased due to the negative effects of synthetic colorants on health. Because tulip and poppy flowers are rich in anthocyanin and antioxidant compounds, they have potential use as a natural food colorant. However, these plants are perishable and should be dried immediately in order to prevent fungal deterioration. The stability of anthocyanin and the color of these plants are affected by several factors such as temperature, oxygen, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions during the drying process. Therefore, selection of the most favorable drying condition may be crucial in terms of decreasing loss of the anthocyanin during the drying process.


Background: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in the initiation and promotion of the multistep carcinogenesis. In neoplastic conditions many biochemical substances many biochemical substances including albumin show altered values .The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum and salivary albumin levels can be used as diagnostic tools in oral premalignant and malignant leisons. Methods: The study includes a total of 45 subjects with 15 each of normal healthy, pre-malignancy and malignancy. Fivemilliliter of venous blood was drawn and unstimulated saliva was collected in the early morning. Albumin levels were estimated by Bromocresol Green Method. Results: Serum albumin levels were found to decrease in pre-malignancy and malignancy as compared to healthy individuals. Salivary Albumin levels were increased in pre-malignancy and malignancy as compared to healthy individuals. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral cancer. Burst of reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative stress in tobacco users is prime form of damage brought to the genetic material leading to non-lethal mutations causing pre-malignancy and malignancy.Serum protein has long been implicated to have anti-oxidant properties due to rich concentration of free thiol group. Albumin is a potent extracellular anti oxidant defense and a reliable marker of oxidative stress in the body. It could be helpful in the early identification of various oral pre malignancy and malignant leisons.


Since 1977, routine cul‐de‐sac insufflation to achieve a pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopy was performed on 350 women under local anesthesia. A van Schie/van Lith intrauterine tenaculum, used together with a self‐retaining Trelat speculum, guaranteed maximum stretching of the posterior vaginal fault and fixation of the anteflexed uterus necessary for an accurate 1‐cm deep penetration of a pneumoperitoneum needle into the cul‐de‐sac. The correct position of the tip of the needle was determined precisely by means of two manometers. The failure rate in the first study of 195 procedures was 3.6% and that in the following 155 cases was 1.9%. There were no serious operative complications. The authors recommend the cul‐de‐sac insufflation approach for inducing pneumoperitoneum as the technique of choice.


The analytical dependence of the fast fading correlation coefficient of the received signal in the transionospheric communication channel and the choice of the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal, space diversity, parameters of the total electron content of the ionosphere is achieved.


Electricity has become a most important ingredient in human life, absolutely essential for modern living and business. Demand for electricity is now growing globally at a rate higher than that of economic growth. The requirement of power quality becomes higher. Power quality is to keep constant volt...


Conclusions UTE images of the uptake of intravenous USPIO (Sinerem) in atherosclerotic rabbit aorta are reported. The enhancement due to the presence of short T2 USPIO accumulation generally agrees with signal loss in GRE. Three doses of USPIO were studied along with a control. The effect on UTE and GRE signal was quantified in USPIO solutions of varying concentrations for validation of the effects seen in the vessel wall. UTE enhancement shows a linear relationship to USPIO concentration. This provides the possibility to develop quantification of macrophages infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques.


Abstract The chronic activation of the immune system is commonly observed in older adults, and is highly associated with multiple chronic disease states and Geriatric syndromes including physical frailty, sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment. Chronic inflammation is multifactorial, and the individual inflammatory mediators that drive the development and propagation of disease states impact normal tissue homeostasis as well as stem cell vitality. This session will discuss age-related etiologies of chronic inflammation and specific inflammatory mediators and their measurement, including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) alpha and its receptors. Inflammation-driven molecular pathways that most impact relevant chronic disease states such as the tryptophan degradation pathway, and its relationship to pathophysiological changes, will also be considered. Finally, discussion of potential treatment modalities, including several emerging from Geroscience research, will be described as will their impact on chronic disease states.


Traditional testing method about braking characteristic of the parachute gear is introduced and existent disadvantage of the method is analyzed.Subsequently,the method and advantage of using intelligent testing system of the parachute gear are brought forward and testing curves and braking decelerations of unhook experiment are measured.Last,characteristic of the arachute gear is analyzed according to technical standard,and shortage of which is pointed out.


TJS lasers with a planar structure were fabricted by growing GaAs-AlGaAs double heterstructures in reverse-mesa-etched shapes in semi-insulting GaAs substrates. Continuous single-mode operation was achieved at temperatures up to 110°C. The minimum threshold current was 25 mA at 25°C.


Purpose

This paper aims to investigate vulnerability factors that influence thermal comfort in residential buildings in the context of climate change and variability, as well as adaptive strategies that can be adopted. There is a need for research that systematically addresses factors influencing thermal comfort in the context of climate change.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a vulnerability framework, this paper reviews existing literature to identify factors driving impacts to comfort, as well as strategies to increase adaptive capacity in buildings. Data were collected from several sources including international organizations, scientific journals and government authorities, following an initial Web-based subject search using Boolean operators.

Findings

Significant impacts can be expected in terms of thermal comfort inside buildings depending on four vulnerability factors: location; age and form; construction fabric and occupancy and behaviour. Despite the fact that the majority of the existing studies are technically driven and spatially restricted, there is strong evidence of interdependencies of scales in managing vulnerability and adaptive capacity.

Practical implications

Results from this review emphasise the importance of balance mitigation with adaptation regarding new building design and when retrofitting old buildings. The factors identified here can also be used to assist in construction of simplified tools such as a vulnerability index that helps in identifying the most vulnerable buildings and dwellings and assist in retrofit decisions.

Originality/value

The paper offers critical insight regarding implications in building design and policy in a vulnerability framework.


The paper analyzes the storage interface,compares the technical performance of FC,SAS and SATA particularly and points out their respective applied fields,puts forward some suggestions for university library to select the modes of the storage devices.


RESUMO -1 ) on agronomical traits, development, and yield of upland rice crops irrigated by aspersion, during the floral differentiation period. The experiment was carried out in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, through the agricultural years of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The increase of glyphosate sub doses, at the floral differentiation period of the Primavera cultivar, reduced the plants height, panicle size, and, consequently, yield. Sub doses higher than or equal to 78 g ha -1 eliminated the plants lodging process.


Pathologists can have complementary assessments and focus areas when identifying and labeling neuropathologies. A standardized approach would ideally draw on the expertise of the entire cohort. We present a deep learning (DL) framework that consistently labels cored, diffuse, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) neuropathologies using expert consensus. We collected 100,495 annotations, comprising 20,099 candidate neuropathologies from three institutions, independently annotated by five experts. We compared DL methods that learned the annotation behaviors of individual experts (AUPRC=0.67{+/-}0.06 cored; 0.48{+/-}0.06 CAA) versus those that reproduced expert consensus, yielding 8.9-13% improvements (AUPRC=0.73{+/-}0.03 cored; 0.54{+/-}0.06 CAA). Saliency mapping on neuropathologies illustrated how human expertise may progress from novice to expert. In blind prospective tests of 52,555 subsequently expert-annotated images, the models accurately labeled pathologies similar to their human counterparts (consensus model AUPRC=0.73 cored; 0.68 CAA).


E-learning is a recent learning tool that can be engaged with via websites through the Internet. Therefore, there is a need to identify various factors that will affect students while accessing learning resources from websites. In Malaysia, many educational institutions will be required to implement or improve the e-learning techniques in their education system. A specific guideline on the design process of e-learning websites to accommodate developers is required. This paper aimed to identify and examine the basic principles, user interface design guidelines, and challenges of integrating e-learning in Malaysian higher educational institutions. The results of the study indicate that there is no specific design standard for e-learning in Malaysian higher educational institutions. The basic components of e-learning include infrastructure, the platform, and content development as outlined by the Malaysian Higher Education Ministries. The design process of user interface design for e-learning would benefit from adding localization elements to be included as a guideline.


INTRODUCTION Genetic interactions occur when mutations in two or more genes combine to generate an unexpected phenotype. An extreme negative or synthetic lethal genetic interaction occurs when two mutations, neither lethal individually, combine to cause cell death. Conversely, positive genetic interactions occur when two mutations produce a phenotype that is less severe than expected. Genetic interactions identify functional relationships between genes and can be harnessed for biological discovery and therapeutic target identification. They may also explain a considerable component of the undiscovered genetics associated with human diseases. Here, we describe construction and analysis of a comprehensive genetic interaction network for a eukaryotic cell. RATIONALE Genome sequencing projects are providing an unprecedented view of genetic variation. However, our ability to interpret genetic information to predict inherited phenotypes remains limited, in large part due to the extensive buffering of genomes, making most individual eukaryotic genes dispensable for life. To explore the extent to which genetic interactions reveal cellular function and contribute to complex phenotypes, and to discover the general principles of genetic networks, we used automated yeast genetics to construct a global genetic interaction network. RESULTS We tested most of the ~6000 genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for all possible pairwise genetic interactions, identifying nearly 1 million interactions, including ~550,000 negative and ~350,000 positive interactions, spanning ~90% of all yeast genes. Essential genes were network hubs, displaying five times as many interactions as nonessential genes. The set of genetic interactions or the genetic interaction profile for a gene provides a quantitative measure of function, and a global network based on genetic interaction profile similarity revealed a hierarchy of modules reflecting the functional architecture of a cell. Negative interactions connected functionally related genes, mapped core bioprocesses, and identified pleiotropic genes, whereas positive interactions often mapped general regulatory connections associated with defects in cell cycle progression or cellular proteostasis. Importantly, the global network illustrates how coherent sets of negative or positive genetic interactions connect protein complex and pathways to map a functional wiring diagram of the cell. CONCLUSION A global genetic interaction network highlights the functional organization of a cell and provides a resource for predicting gene and pathway function. This network emphasizes the prevalence of genetic interactions and their potential to compound phenotypes associated with single mutations. Negative genetic interactions tend to connect functionally related genes and thus may be predicted using alternative functional information. Although less functionally informative, positive interactions may provide insights into general mechanisms of genetic suppression or resiliency. We anticipate that the ordered topology of the global genetic network, in which genetic interactions connect coherently within and between protein complexes and pathways, may be exploited to decipher genotype-to-phenotype relationships. A global network of genetic interaction profile similarities. (Left) Genes with similar genetic interaction profiles are connected in a global network, such that genes exhibiting more similar profiles are located closer to each other, whereas genes with less similar profiles are positioned farther apart. (Right) Spatial analysis of functional enrichment was used to identify and color network regions enriched for similar Gene Ontology bioprocess terms. We generated a global genetic interaction network for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, constructing more than 23 million double mutants, identifying about 550,000 negative and about 350,000 positive genetic interactions. This comprehensive network maps genetic interactions for essential gene pairs, highlighting essential genes as densely connected hubs. Genetic interaction profiles enabled assembly of a hierarchical model of cell function, including modules corresponding to protein complexes and pathways, biological processes, and cellular compartments. Negative interactions connected functionally related genes, mapped core bioprocesses, and identified pleiotropic genes, whereas positive interactions often mapped general regulatory connections among gene pairs, rather than shared functionality. The global network illustrates how coherent sets of genetic interactions connect protein complex and pathway modules to map a functional wiring diagram of the cell.


Although the flutter flight is the most dangerous testing subjects which has a huge risk,the prototype aircraft and the modified aircraft involving some significant modification to the structure and appearance must carry out the flutter flight test.Therefore,a strict safeguard mechanism must be drawn up,and an effective and accurate monitoring system for security guarantee must be designed.Owing to high sampling rate of the flutter data,a separate server and the independence LAN for flutter data is adopted and A/D converter is installed on the flutter server to ensure the system′s performance.As a result it can save data at 512/s sampling rate with no losing points in this system and the strip chart apparatus outputs evenly.The preliminary principle demonstration and the later period application prove that this system can satisfy the request of real-time monitoring under the high sampling rate of the flutter data.Especially it solves the time′s uniformity problem which strip chart meter outputs the high sampled data rate in the UDP transport protocols′ network.


List of Tables List of Figures List of Contributors Acknowledgements Abbreviations PART I OVERVIEW 1. Introduction Sebastian Nordhoff 2. Synchronic Grammar of Sri Lanka Malay Sebastian Nordhoff PART II SOCIOLOGY, HISTORY, AND DEMOGRAPHY 3. Sri Lanka Malay: New Findings on Contacts Peter Bakker 4. Known, Inferable, and Discoverable in Sri Lankan Malay Research Peter Slomanson 5. Issues of Power and Privilege in the Maintenance of Sri Lanka Malay: A Sociolinguistic Analysis Romola Rassool PART III LANGUAGE CONTACT 6. The Lexical Sources of Sri Lanka Malay Revisited Scott Paauw 7. Sri Lankan Languages in the South-South Asia Linguistic Area: Sinhala and Sri Lanka Malay James W. Gair 8. Hijacked Constructions in Second Language Acquisition: Implications for Sri Lanka Malay Ian Smith 9. The Semantics of Serial Verb Constructions in Sri Lanka Malay Mohamed Jaffar 10. The Genesis of Sri Lanka Malay as a Multi-Layered Process Sebastian Nordhoff Index


Because of their outstanding electrocatalytic activity, M–N–C catalysts have got increasing attention, especially for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, M–N–C catalysts still face the g...


The level of trust and cooperation of a society determines the efficiency of collective action,thus influences the ability of institution innovation and the path of institution transition.In the process of society transition,government should not only carry the responsibility of institution innovation,but also enhance the level of trust and cooperation of a society to solve the problem of institution.


Objective:To analyze the change of the incidence of ectopic pregnancy between 1973 and 2003, and investigate the etiologic factors of ectopic pregnancy to reflect the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital to provide the information for the further clinic investigation.Methods:The ectopic pregnancy cases ,labour cases, pregnancy cases and in patient gynecologic cases in 1973 and 2003 were collected to analyze the change of incidence of ectopic pregnancy.The clinic information of 271 cases of ectopic pregnancy in 2003 were collected to investigate the correlation factors.Results:The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in 1973 was 0.46% and added up to 6.06% in 2003 (P0.000 1). The incidence of ectopic pregnancy of women whose age ≥30 and first labour was higher.The closer correlation factors were operation history of uterus cavity, cesarean, former ectopic pregnancy ,the infection of pelvis.Compared the contraception measure, IUD did not add the incidence of ectopic pregnancy. There were 87 cases(32.10%) of emergency and 41danger cases(15.13%) in 271 cases.Conclusion:Ectopic pregnancy harm the healthy of young women seriousily. It is neceserray to strengthen the investigation of ectopic pregnancy.


This article shows the design and implementation of a finite state machine that describes the operation of the SPI protocol in a standard way, which is a serial protocol used for transfers with peripherals with low / medium bandwidth, all the technical detail of a specific application, and emphasis is placed on making a description with a low level of abstraction to reduce the amount of hardware resource used, arriving at a general-purpose IP CORE type solution. The state machine controls the sequence of the communication that complies with the protocol. By having a design of low complexity, it achieves to be easily adaptable for a number of plates (shields) that proliferate in a significant number of academic and commercial applications.


In this paper, an 8-pole integrated windings bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor (BPMSM) with distributed winding is proposed. The stable suspension force and torque can be produced by feeding two sets of currents in different sequences to the two windings through two three-phase inverters. Firstly, the structure principle of the integrated winding is introduced. The mathematical model of the radial suspension force and torque of the integrated winding BPMSM is deduced. Then, the magnetic field distribution of the motor under two sets of current control is analyzed by establishing a finite element model. And the relationship between torque and current, suspension force and current are analyzed separately. Finally, the correctness of the integrated winding control scheme is verified by field-circuit coupling simulation analysis.


In this paper, we present some fixed point theorems for contractions of
 rational type. These theorems generalize some other results appearing in the
 literature. Moreover, we present some examples illustrating our results.
 Finally, we present an application to the study of the existence and
 uniqueness of solutions to a class of functional equations arising in
 dynamic programming.


Classical measures of functional connectivity assume that the stationarity of the time courses and the time-invariance of functional connectivity under investigation. These assumptions may not be valid in the real cases. Also, they are bivariate measures and may not provide the directional information flow between brain units. A new approach is proposed to tackle these problems. A statistics reasoning shows that the short-length time course is more likely to be stationary than the long-length time course. Thus, the entire time course under investigation is divided into short segments with the proper length. Magnitude squared coherence (in spectrum domain) is computed to assess functional connectivity on these segments, hence, provides a dynamic measure of functional connectivity. The averaged magnitude squared coherence over the segments gives an overall measure of functional connectivity. This approach has been applied to several neuroimaging data analysis. The results and the interpretations / predictions are in good agreement. Mutual coherence (in time domain) is computed to assess functional connectivity, hence, provides an insight on directional information flow. By using grid computing, this approach will be extended from the bivariate to the multivariate.


The authors describe two cases of contact eczema after pseudo tattoo with henna. Both patients aged 2 and 5 years respectively developed the eczema 13 days after a tattoo with the so-called "black henna". Using the patch test a strong reaction was demonstrated to paraphenylenodiamine, one of the chemicals contained in henna, but not mentioned on the product's label.


Reading comprehension is an important component of CET-4,whose reliability and validity have been becoming a focus for a long time.Taking new CET-4 papers implemented since Dec.2006 as samples,the characteristics and content validity of CET-4 reading section are analyzed from three aspects: text input,expected respond,relationship between the input and respond.The result shows that reading section of CET-4 was well-designed from the whole.Meanwhile,some improvements in the aspects of the distribution of genres and topics,control of text length,extension of reading skill testing of each paper,and so on are pointed out.Based on this research,some suggestions are put forward for improving in compiling CET-4 reading section.


Simple Summary Local chicken is the most accessible animal protein source for poor people. Feeding chicken with insect larvae is sustainable, as insects are a natural feed for poultry and its production process is remarkably simple. It is also known that a novel feed can alter meat cutout's yield and sensory characteristics. So, we investigate the effects of housefly larvae on local chicken carcass cutout's yield and the meat sensory characteristics. We found that housefly larvae, in fresh and dried form, can substitute fishmeal up to 50% in chicken feed without an effect on growth performance. Housefly larvae did not deteriorate meat aptitude for three days' storage at 4 °C and cooking. It was found that housefly larvae can improve juiciness and meat coloration, such as yellowness and redness. So, we conclude that housefly can be used by producers for sustainable and safe chicken meat production. However, particular consideration should be given to the increase in liver and spleen percentages of chickens fed dried larvae diets. Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the effects of substitution of fishmeal by housefly larvae at different rates and different physical states in the diet of local chickens. Five diets consisted of LFD, 25DL, 50DL, 25FL and 50FL, respectively, larval-free, 25%-dried-larvae, 50%-dried-larvae, 25%-fresh-larvae and 50%-fresh-larvae diet, in which 0, 25 and 50% of fishmeal was replaced by dried and fresh larvae, was formulated. A total of 165 local chickens of three weeks old, divided into 15 boxes in batches of 11 animals were raised. The experiment consists of three replications of five treatments. At 14 weeks of age, sixty chickens were slaughtered. Butchery skills and sensory characteristics were evaluated. Thus, a small variation of the ultimate pH from 5.63 to 5.55 between the different types of meat, and a carcass yield around 66%, was recorded. Any effects of substitution rate and physical state of housefly larvae on growth performance was not observed. Feet and proventriculus percentages increased in chickens fed 25% substitution. Liver and spleen percentage, and redder breast meat, increased in chicken fed dried larvae. Yellowness of the breast, thigh-and-drumstick meat and juiciness increased with 50% substitution. There is need of an investigation for liver and spleen enlargement and housefly larvae containing pigments. Thus, housefly larvae up to 50% substitution can be a suitable alternative to fishmeal in local chicken diets.


Health service is a complex social implementation because it engages in services that involve various professional groups. In realizing a healthy paradigm, health services with a family approach are developed. The family approach is an approach that empowers the potential of the family in dealing with family health problems independently by paying attention to physical, biological, social, economic and cultural aspects, especially on the health and well-being of mothers, infants, toddlers, adolescents, PUS, and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of family centered care by health workers in postpartum mothers. Method: This research was a qualitative research with a case study approach. Semistructure interview was used to interview 12 informants. Results: Based on the thematic analysis of the results of in-depth interviews and processed with NVIVO 12 Plus, 3 (three) main themes were obtained which were supported by the categories explaining the implementation of family centered care by health workers in postpartum mothers. The first theme is the responses from health workers regarding the implementation and benefits of family centered care in health services for postpartum mothers which are supported by two subthemes, namely; (a) the form and principles of implementing family centered care by hospitals according to health workers and (b) the benefits of family centered care according to the opinion of health workers. The second theme is the opinions of patients and families about the implementation of family centered care by health workers in postpartum mothers supported by two sub-themes, namely: (a) responses and (b) the benefits of family centered care. The third theme is the obstacles to the implementation of family centered care supported by two sub-themes, namely: (a) internal barriers and (b) external impacts. Conclusions: Overall, the implementation of family centered care by health workers in postpartum mothers had a good response from health workers, the patient and the patient's family.


SMS messaging is a popular media of communication. Because of its popularity and privacy, it could be used for many illegal purposes. Additionally, since they are part of the day to day life, SMSes can be used as evidence for many legal disputes. Since a cellular phone might be accessible to people close to the owner, it is important to establish the fact that the sender of the message is indeed the owner of the phone. For this purpose, the straight forward solutions seem to be the use of popular stylometric methods. However, in comparison with the data used for stylometry in the literature, SMSes have unusual characteristics making it hard or impossible to apply these methods in a conventional way. Our target is to come up with a method of authorship detection of SMS messages that could still give a usable accuracy. We argue that, considering the methods of author attribution, the best method that could be applied to SMS messages is an n-gram method. To prove our point, we checked two different methods of distribution comparison with varying number of training and testing data. We specifically try to compare how well our algorithms work under less amount of testing data and large number of candidate authors (which we believe to be the real world scenario) against controlled tests with less number of authors and selected SMSes with large number of words. To counter the lack of information in an SMS message, we propose the method of stacking together few SMSes.


The United States Congress is often disparaged including by its own members. The critics of the institution decry the gridlock on Capitol Hill and Congress's alleged inability to deal with the challenges of the modern world. The unpopularity of today's Congress calls into question its ability to represent the American people. In that context it is necessary to try to assess whether or not Congress is truly dysfunctional. To that end, this study proposes to study a period of twelve years from 1994 to 2006 during which the Republican party dominated the institution. In 1994, under the leadership of Newt Gingrich, the Republicans returned to the majority in the House of Representatives for the first time in forty years. In 2006, after another midterm election, the Republican majorities in the House and the Senate were soundly defeated. Drawing on the long and tortuous history of the relationship between the Republican party and conservatism, the new majorities proposed large-scale change that amounted to a conservative revolution. They had initially laid out a clearly conservative agenda that insisted on balancing the budget and reducing the size of government. A detailed study of their fiscal policy and their attempts at entitlement reform over the period actually leads us to conclude that they eventually governed over ever larger deficits and a growing federal government whose policies were adjusted to favor different portions of the population. It is therefore necessary to try to account for the discrepancy between the initial goals and the eventual results. This entails studying first the evolution of the Republican members of Congress themselves to see whether the policy changes can be explained by the members becoming more moderate. Another explanation centers on the relationship between the members of the Congress and their constituents. The Republican majorities could have been forced to moderate their positions by the voters themselves in the elections of 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Here the complex interplay that implies the interpretation of election results comes into play. Over the past decades, the American political system has been polarizing clearly. The growing ideological gap between the two parties and their bases calls into question the institutional stability of an institution built on the necessity to compromise. Especially since both parties have polarized while the margins of the majorities have grown more narrow. It is thus essential to look at the constraints set up by the institutional system. The arcane nuances of the legislative process directly impinges on the content of legislation. Indeed, if the majority rules decisively over the House of Representatives, in the Senate, the minority can very easily block most initiatives. The growing recourse to procedural shortcuts offered by the budget process is a testament to that fact.Finally, the relationship with the president of the United States is very much a factor in the equation. The twelve years of Republican domination in Congress covers two very different periods. Until January 2001, they had to battle with President Clinton in a context of divided government. Following George W. Bush's election in 2000, they started working under the command of the White House. The stark contrast in the way Senate republicans dealt with the two presidents when it came to their judicial nominees for the Federal Courts of Appeal offers an excellent opportunity to evaluate the continuing yet variable strength of the system of checks and balances set up by the U.S. Constitution. A deeper understanding of the workings of the contemporary Congress might allow for a more nuanced vision of the institution as much more than a roadblock on the road of presidential leadership and, perhaps, lead to a better appreciation of the way its members are trying or failing to fulfill their constitutional duty.


Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. For years, mammography has been used as the gold standard for localizing breast cancer, despite its limitation in determining cancer composition. Therefore, the purpose of this simulation study is to confirm the feasibility of obtaining tumor composition using dual energy digital mammography. To generate X-ray sources for dual energy mammography, 26 kVp and 39 kVp voltages were generated for low and high energy beams, respectively. Additionally, the energy subtraction and inverse mapping functions were applied to provide compositional images. The resultant images showed that the breast composition obtained by the inverse mapping function with cubic fitting achieved the highest accuracy and least noise. Furthermore, breast density analysis with cubic fitting showed less than 10% error compare to true values. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of creating individual compositional images and capability of analyzing breast density effectively.


Pre-colonial education was one of the priorities of the pre-colonial Nigerian society. This article explores the characteristics, goals, modes of transmission, teaching and learning strategies of indigenous African education. It was meant for moral inculcation, in which the pursuit of excellence and quality has always been an important tool of educating people in the pre-colonial period. Informal and vocational training constitute the core of indigenous Education in Africa to make people of the indigenous age be able to form or influence a decision, differentiate the good and the bad as well as to guide members of the society to conform to societal values, norms and customs. The article suggests the adoption of some of the elements of this system into modern-day educational practice as a strategy for improving the quality of modern education. The study therefore, shows that prior to the year 1903, indigenous education has always been the means of educating people on how to behave in society.


The ergodic control problem for semi-Markov processes is reformulated as an optimization problem over the set of suitably defined 'ergodic occupation measures.' This set is shown to be closed and convex, with its extreme points corresponding to stationary strategies. This leads to the existence of optimal stationary strategies under additional hypotheses. A pathwise analysis of the joint empirical occupation measures of the state and control processes shows that this optimality is in the strong i.e., almost sure sense.


How far can the Federal Trade Commission, a purely administrative body, compel a private corporation to render reports and submit statistics dealing with matters which are usually considered trade secrets or matters of purely private concern? This is a question of deep significance today, especially in view of its relation to the broader general subject of government by administrative bodies, a subject which seems bound to become more prominent in consequence of the increasing tendency of Congress to delegate its powers to commissions of various kinds. Professor William Z. Ripley, of Harvard, in his article which states the case for the right of shareholders to receive more adequate information concerning the financial affairs of their corporation, advocates and defends the exercising of almost unlimited power by the Commission in this respect. But the attitude of the federal courts toward this question, although by no means settled, has reflected a tendency to interpret somewhat restrictively the powers of the Commission under the Federal Trade Commission Act.2 The Supreme Court in the Claire Furnace Company case,3 the most recent involving the point, unfortunately avoided the real question, leaving the issue still undetermined. Dr. Ripley points out that it appears to be the general practice of corporations to issue balance sheets and income statements that are not fully informative to their stockholders or to the investing public. He suggests as a corrective and controlling remedy that the Federal Trade Commission exercise the authority


Abstract Because of their belief in the social interactionist model of teacher education, the authors read aloud to various undergraduate and graduate classes excerpts from published teacher stories, either vignettes or opinion pieces. Their immediate goals were to help build class community, advertise books that the students might then return to on their own, personalize discussion topics, and inspire continuing reflection and pride in the chosen profession. A more long‐term goal was to get students to internalize stories that would help guide their actions in the classroom. This article describes their use of teacher stories and includes some of the readings as well as a comprehensive list of teacher stories consulted. Student reactions were varied depending on the stories and the contexts of the readings. Reactions included apathy, evaluation of the teacher, self‐reflective journal entries, and a refusal to pass a book on to peers without the promise of being able to take it home. The authors are readi...


Modern robot applications benefit from including variable stiffness actuators (VSA) in the kinematic chain. In this paper, we focus on VSA utilizing a magnetic spring made of two coaxial rings divided into alternately magnetized sections. The torque generated between the rings is opposite to the angular deflection from equilibrium and its value increases as the deflection grows – within a specific range of angles that we call a stable range. Beyond the stable range, the spring exhibits negative stiffness what causes problems with prediction and control. In order to avoid it, it is convenient to operate within a narrower range of angles that we call a safe range. The magnetic springs proposed so far utilize few pairs of arc magnets, and their safe ranges are significantly smaller than the stable ones. In order to broaden the safe range, we propose a different design of the magnetic spring, which is composed of flat magnets, as well as a new arrangement of VSA (called ATTRACTOR) utilizing the proposed spring. Correctness and usability of the concept are verified in FEM analyses and experiments performed on constructed VSA, which led to formulating models of the magnetic spring. The results show that choosing flat magnets over arc ones enables shaping spring characteristics in a way that broadens the safe range. An additional benefit is lowered cost, and the main disadvantage is a reduced maximal torque that the spring is capable of transmitting. The whole VSA can be perceived as promising construction for further development, miniaturization and possible application in modern robotic mechanisms.


In this article, we extend some results about algebra $A$ with the group of units $U(A)$ having a special polynomial identity, Laurent polynomial. And we present a new version of B. Hartley Conjecture with these identities.


The invention relates to an overall voltage quality coordinated control method for a distribution network being oriented to multi-level objects, which comprises the following steps that A, a network structure of a county regulation system is subjected to real-time topology analysis, and is divided into a plurality of gateway areas according to the practical conditions, and each gateway area comprises a plurality of regulation units of a subordinate power grid; B, the location for each regulation unit in each gateway area to operate in an automatic voltage quality control (AVQC) improved nine-zone graph is determined, a regulation unit capacitor and transformer gear regulation strategy is formed, and furthermore, the optimum and suboptimum regulation schemes of the regulation units are formed; and C, each gateway area forms a combination coordination control scheme according to the regulation unit capacitor and transformer gear regulation strategy. The method adopts a layering and zoning voltage quality control strategy which is oriented to the multi-level objects, satisfies the voltage quality control requirements of the controlled region, also coordinates and meets the voltage quality control requirements of a superior power grid, the voltage quality coordinated control over the superior power grid and the subordinate power grid is realized, and the voltage quality operation level of the whole power grid is optimized.


Previous observations have suggested that European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus are promiscuous, although there have been no direct studies of the mating system to confirm this. In this study, the genetic mating system of the European hedgehog was assessed by analysing mother–offspring groups using six polymorphic microsatellite loci. Evidence of multiple paternity was found in two of five litters analysed and therefore demonstrates the occurrence of polyandry in wild populations of hedgehogs.


This project called "COOL FLOWERS" is the study and subsequent implementation of an Ecuadorian flower company, which specializes in the production and export of a variety of roses, dealing with the finest standards of quality and timely delivery, to companies, florist and intermediaries from the United States and Russia, with competitive prices.

COOL FLOWERS will have a wide variety of roses in different colors to satisfy the market demand. The colors of market preference are red and white. The main varieties of roses will be: Black Magic, Red Unique and Forever Young in red, and in white will Vendela and Versilia.

The roses will be sold through the export process to the main markets, the United States and Russia, both directly and indirectly. The product will be sold by foreign distributors, and sale will be for export. The target segment for COOL FLOWERS will be formed by national and international brokers, wholesale distributors, retailers and sellers in general.

The COOL FLOWERS's strategy is of differentiation, or focus on costs. This will be possible through an analysis of preventive and corrective processes. With this the company will point to a buyer, product line or particular geographic market, trying to reduce production costs. In this case the production of roses at a lower cost to the markets of the United States and Russia.


Continuous EM field spectrum of an integrated open waveguide structure is identified as the branch cut contribution to singularity expansion of those fields in the complex axial transform plane. Those singularities in that plane include poles associated with the guiding structure and branch points contributed by layered background environments. The manner in which singularities in background environments manifest themselves as branch points in the complex axial transform plane is reviewed.Using a spectral microstrip current profile [1], the EM fields in the background layer environments of the integrated open waveguide are recovered from the spectral domain by integration contour deformation on the different Riemann sheets of the complex ζ-plane. During the integration both around branch cuts and along real axis, singularities in the complex transverse transform plane migrate in a complicated manner. EM fields are computed through those two methodologies are numerically validated.Extensive numerical results show the nature of EM fields physically in the open waveguide structure, which can be decomposed into discrete and continuous spectra in the layered background environments.


Does the nature of knowledge shared within multinational corporations (MNCs) affect MNC subsidiariesi¯ financial performance? The international business and strategy literature has emphasized the importance of intra-MNC knowledge sharing yet researchers have remained largely silent about the nature of the knowledge shared. We examine how intra-MNC sharing of explorative and exploitative knowledge affects an MNC subsidiaryi¯s financial performance. Our findings suggest that increased sharing of exploitative knowledge has a positive effect on the short-term financial performance of MNC subsidiaries, while increased sharing of explorative knowledge has a negative effect. Further, we find that there is a positive interaction effect between increased sharing of explorative and exploitative knowledge and a negative effect of the relative imbalance between sharing of explorative and exploitative knowledge. Our findings show that both the effectiveness in intra-MNC knowledge sharing and the nature of knowledge sh...