Background: This article evaluates the effectiveness of a new directional balloon technique in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Methods: From September 2015 to April 2017, 100 patients with single-segment OVCFs treated using percutaneous kyphoplasty were available for complete data assessment. Among these, 51 cases were treated with the traditional nondirectional balloon technique (group 1) and 49 cases were treated with the directional balloon technique (group 2). Operative time, blood loss, and X-ray exposure time were compared between the 2 groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Roland Morris disability (RMD) scores, and wedge-shaped and kyphosis angles were measured at 3 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, after surgery. Results: There were no significant differences in blood loss or the amount of bone cement injected between the 2 groups; however, operative times, X-ray exposure times, and leakage rates of bone cement, especially type C in group 2, were significantly lower in group 2 than those in group 1. VAS, ODI, and RMD scores, and wedge-shaped and kyphosis angles at each time point after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery. However, the improvement in VAS, ODI, and RMD scores in group 2 was only significantly better than those in group 1 at 3 days after surgery. Conclusion: The utilization of the directional balloon technique in the treatment of OVCFs using percutaneous kyphoplasty can not only reduce the operation time, the radiation, and the bone cement leakage, but also improve the early curative effect.


The assessment of thermal sensation is the first stage of many studies aimed at addressing thermal comfort and at establishing the related criteria used in indoor and outdoor environments. The study of thermal sensation requires suitable modelling of the human body, taking into account the factors that affect the physiological and psychological reactions that occur under different environmental conditions. These aspects are becoming more and more relevant in the present context in which thermal sensation and thermal comfort are represented as objectives or constraints in a wider range of problems referring to the living environment. This paper first considers the models of the human body used in steady-state and transient conditions. Starting from the conceptual formulations of the heat balance equations, this paper follows the evolution occurred during the years to refine the models. This evolution is also marked by the availability of increasingly higher computational capability that enabled the researchers developing transient models with a growing level of detail and accuracy, and by the validation of the models through experimental studies that exploit advanced technologies. The paper then provides an overview of the indicators used to characterise the local and overall thermal sensation, indicating the relations with local and overall thermal comfort.


Postpartum depression is a harmful depression risk; if not treated properly, it can have bad consequences for both mother and child. Hence, efforts are needed to prevent postpartum depression in pregnant women. This article aims to describe and find out the effect of self-help psychological intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women in preventing postpartum depression. This article was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental model. The study population was 155 pregnant women in the Darussalam Public Health Center working area in Aceh Besar, 2021. The sample was 74 respondents, with 37 in the intervention group and 37 in the control group. Data was collected using The Knowledge about Postpartum Depression Questionnaire (KPPD-Q) and Attitudes Toward Postpartum questionnaires. This study found that the self-help psychological intervention significantly affects the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women (p-value = 0.000 <0.05). Also, there were significant differences in knowledge and attitudes between the intervention. This study concluded that Self-help Psychological interventions could ascend pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes toward preventing postpartum depression. Respondents' age, education level, and gestational age are the driving factors for increasing knowledge and attitudes.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of articulatory intervention using visual phonics to improve the speech intelligibility of children with impaired hearing. The subjects of the study were five hearing impaired children. As per the results of the UTAP articulation tests, five phonemes with the most frequent errors were selected for each child and a total of 10 sessions were provided. The methodology involved analyzing vowel space and related measures (vowel space area, vowel articulatory index, formant centralization ratio, and F2i/F2u ratio) before and after the visual phonics intervention. After the articulation intervention, every child's speech intelligibility improved, their vowel space area was widened, the FCR value decreased, and the F2ratio value increased. These results show that the use of visual phonics through symbolic images and hand clues has a positive effect in terms of improving the speech intelligibility of children with impaired hearing.


This paper explores the possibility for a means of bringing about novelty which does not rely on kairological philosophies based on an event. In contrast to both common sense and contemporary philosophical understandings of the term where for novelty to arise there must be some break in the repetition of the structure, this paper argues that it is possible for novelty to come about through small-scale experimentation. This is done by relying on the philosophical notion of 'economy' in order to understand how we think about the world. In this regard, our thinking about the world depends upon acknowledging certain possibilities at the expense of others. History can then be seen as the distribution of emphasis which allows for these past possibilities and the future potentiality they may hold. Novelty, defined here as a rereading of history, is precisely the disruption of these possibilities and a challenge to the memory of the system. The conclusion to this paper argues that experimentation is an important means by which we can bring novelty into the world.


[(C6H6)RuCl(pmtca)]Cl has been prepared and studied by infrared, NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The complexes were prepared by the reactions of [(C6H6)RuCl2]2 with 2-(2-pyridyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid in methanol. The electronic structure and UV-Vis spectrum of the obtained compound have been calculated. The electronic structure of the studied complex was calculated using density functional theory. Apart from the descriptions of frontier molecular orbitals and the relocation of the electron density of the compounds, the bonding and π-acceptor properties of the pmtca ligand were also determined.


Ú Ú Ú Spatial Modelling using the Mahalanobis Statistic:Two Examples from the Discipline of Plant Geography R. J. DeVries Ph.D. Student, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle E-Mail: email@example.com


It discussed the quadruped robots how to detect the Foothold reliability in the irregular terrain,and designed the walking strategy that the robot can not be stumbled and falled through counting and building maths models.And then,we had done the analysing and testing and we had the great effect.


We present a planning and control framework for physics-based manipulation under uncertainty. The key idea is to interleave robust open-loop execution with closed-loop control. We derive robustness metrics through contraction theory. We use these metrics to plan trajectories that are robust to both state uncertainty and model inaccuracies. However, fully robust trajectories are extremely difficult to find or may not exist for many multi-contact manipulation problems. We separate a trajectory into robust and non-robust segments through a minimum cost path search on a robustness graph. Robust segments are executed open-loop and non-robust segments are executed with model-predictive control. We conduct experiments on a real robotic system for reaching in clutter. Our results suggest that the open and closed-loop approach results in up to 35% more real-world success compared to open-loop baselines and a 40% reduction in execution time compared to model-predictive control. We show for the first time that partially open-loop manipulation plans generated with our approach reach similar success rates to model-predictive control, while achieving a more fluent/real-time execution. A video showing real-robot executions can be found at https://youtu.be/rPOPCwHfV4g.


A session about the challenges that occur during medical device development was held at a 2010 NIH forum on promoting collaborations among academia, government, and industry. Developing Devices A meeting was held in Bethesda, Maryland, in February 2010 to discuss ways to promote effective collaborations among academia, government, and industry in the field of translational medicine. One workshop, summarized in this meeting report, was organized to explore the issues and barriers associated with the development of medical devices, with an emphasis on early stages of the process. A Clinical and Translational Science Awards Industry Forum titled "Promoting Efficient and Effective Collaborations Among Academia, Government, and Industry" was held in February 2010. A workshop at this forum was organized to discuss ways to promote medical device innovation. Specific challenges to the device development process were identified, as well as practical ways to address some of these issues.


A preliminary CO emission line survey covering a strip at 6 = —2' from / = 359?7 to / = 2?8 is presented which shows a continuous band of emission connecting the region between Sgr A and Sgr B. A high-resolution map of the Sgr A cloud near the galactic center shows that there are at least two clouds centered within 3' of each other with a velocity difference of 35 km s -1 . Measure-ment of the 13 C 16 0 and 12 C 18 0 emission indicates isotopic abundances similar to those of the solar system.


It being deemed desirable that some explanation should accompany the interesting drawings, particularized in the preceding article on ancient Hindu sculptures from the Cave Temples of Ellora , made by Captain Grindlay, I hasten to fulfil the wishes of the council. There are two modes by which they might receive illustration: one, supposing them to contain an astronomical allusion, as suggested by Dr. B. G. Babington; the other, from an allegory in the Hindu theogonies. A knowledge of the relative position of these sculptures in the Cave Temple would materially influence my decision on this point, as regards the two plates to which I shall chiefly confine my observations, viz . one, (No. 1) which I designate "The Fable of Dacsha Prajapati, or Mahadeva, Dacsha, and Nanda;" the other (No. 2) Vira-Bhadra." If these sculptures are contiguous to each other in the cave, then I have no doubt they represent the fable of the sacrifice of Sati, the consort of Mahadeva, and the formation of the giant Vira-Bhadra, to revenge her death by that of Dacsha: though even this allegory may possibly conceal an astronomical period.


What we don't know about school administrators can hurt us. And it can hurt the future of our schools and the children in them. What do we really know about the supply of and the demand for school administrators? How many administrators will be retiring within the next 10 years? What steps are being taken to fill the void? Is higher education providing us with new and imaginative leadership? Or is it just giving us more of the same? How do we license school administrators? What are we doing to encourage more women and members of minority groups to become school leaders? These are all good questions. And they were just as good - and they went just as unanswered - nine years ago, when, as governor of Arkansas, President Bill Clinton spent his year as chair of the Education Commission of the States delving into the issues surrounding school leadership. After months of holding hearings and conducting interviews, he asked these same questions and summed up the problems as he saw them in a report titled Speaking of Leadership. During the Bush Administration, the federal government attempted to push educational leadership higher up on the national agenda of school reform by funding the Leadership in Educational Administration Development (LEAD) program, which was designed to establish a center for school leadership in every state and territory. Ultimately, these centers died out, but they left behind a stack of research and reports, some of which were quite good, such as Developing Leaders for Restructuring Schools, a report from the LEAD network itself; and Leadership for Change, a commentary from New Hampshire. In many instances, when the LEAD centers vanished, the individual states picked up the slack and supported their own leadership academies. Kentucky and Texas, for example, funded administrator leadership programs as part of their statewide reforms. A new National Policy Board for Educational Administration issued a set of guidelines, and the American Association of School Administrators issued a brief statement on professional standards for the superintendency. However, the problem of school leadership never recaptured the level of national attention that the LEAD program had given it. In 1994, when professional development was added to the list of national education goals for the year 2000, "administrators" were mentioned only once; the focus of the national goal on professional development was clearly to be the education and professional development of teachers. In all the reforms passed by Congress in 1994, educational leaders received very little attention. One might assume, of course, that schoolwide staff development plans under Title I would include administrators. But that assumption is never explicitly stated in the law. Fortunately, the development of school leadership remains a strong interest of a number of national foundations. For example, the Danforth Foundation moved from trying to reform higher education programs that prepare school administrators to supporting partnerships that join schools, universities, and the communities they serve and that emphasize collaborative leadership. For its network of urban middle schools working on improving student achievement, the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation provided extensive funding for the professional development of principals. As the narrative writer for that project, however, I found principal development to be an even more neglected area than teacher development. In fact, professional development just didn't exist for many of these principals, who were charged with leading reform efforts in some very difficult situations. …


Communication among students from different nationalities who stay and study in multicultural university campuses is an important issue for their personal and academic lives. Among other concepts of communication, interpersonal communication which requires the direct interactions among communicators is important to be assessed. This study was carried out to assess the characteristics of interpersonal communication among international postgraduate students of a Malaysian public university. This study had 128 participants from 17 different countries, and the quantitative and qualitative methods were applied for the data collection procedure. Based on the results from this study, their stay and study in a multicultural university campus with students from various backgrounds helped the participants to have opportunities to interact with different people, and to gain some new personal and social skills and information. The results from this study confirmed that most of the participants of this study who were from different countries had daily interactions with students from other nationalities, and were comfortable and satisfied when interacting with their international peers. Based on the results, personal skill building was among the main reasons that encouraged the participants to leave their own countries and enroll at a multicultural university abroad. The results from this study may encourage university students to have more interactions with their peers and may also help researchers to focus on the related issues in the future.


TABLE OF CONTENTS * SIGLOG MATTERS 2020 ALONZO CHURCH AWARD * DEADLINES Forthcoming Deadlines * CALLS CILC 2020 Call for Papers CLA 2020 Call for Talk Proposals QONFEST 2020 Call for Participation HIGHLIGHTS 2020 Call for Participation CPP 2021 Call for Papers ICALP 2022 Call for Location FSEN 2021 Call for Papers * ANNOUNCEMENTS VLCA INTERNATIONAL STUDENT AWARDS FOR OUTSTANDING MASTER AND UNDERGRADUATE THESES IN LOGIC AND COMPUTER SCIENCE


We argue that a key challenge in enabling usable and useful interactive task learning for intelligent agents is to facilitate effective Human-AI collaboration. We reflect on our past 5 years of efforts on designing, developing and studying the SUGILITE system, discuss the issues on incorporating recent advances in AI with HCI principles in mixed-initiative interactions and multi-modal interactions, and summarize the lessons we learned. Lastly, we identify several challenges and opportunities, and describe our ongoing work


Careful cover crop management during the spring growth period may allow farmers to maximize dry matter (DM) yield and N accumulation for the subsequent crop. A 2-yr study was conducted to determine the effect of grass and legume cover crops on spring DM production and N accumulation. Each year, cover crops were planted in late August and late September on a loamy, mixed, mesic Humaquept in the Fraser River Delta. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were planted in monoculture and in mixtures with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). Other treatments included pure stand of crimson clover and wheat-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) mixture. Cover crop biomass was sampled three times in 1995 and four times in 1996 during the spring growth period. Dry matter accumulation of early planted cover crops increased by 26 to 269% during the spring growth period, ranging between 0.6 Mg ha -1 for clover and 10 Mg ha for wheat, wheat-clover, and wheat-vetch treatments. Late-planted cover crops produced between 15 and 75% lower DM yield compared with early planted cover crops. Nitrogen accumulation increased by 3 to 74 kg ha -1 for early planted crops and by 3 to 47 kg ha -1 for late-planted crops. Nitrogen accumulation at final spring sampling ranged from 44 to 144 kg ha -1 for early planted crops and from 10 to 99 kg ha -1 for late-planted crops. The low C/N ratio of wheat-vetch treatment compared with wheat monoculture at final sampling indicated the potential for vetch to increase the N content of the mixture.


Paediatric obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are potentially reversible inflammatory conditions. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega‐3 (LCPUFA‐ω3) show anti‐inflammatory and metabolic properties, but their clinical efficacy is unclear.


A 24-year-old woman was referred to our institution with daily nearsyncope episodes that were related to change in head position. Initial evaluation revealed a smooth, nontender and immobile mass on the left side of her neck. Cardiac auscultation was normal. Ultrasonography of the neck revealed a hypervascular mass within the left carotid bifurcation, 3.2 cm x 2.2 cm in size, consistent with a carotid body tumor. No other abnormality was detected. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed a well-defined tumoral mass (Fig. A).


Characterized as a tonal language, Chinese is noted to be greatly different from English in acoustics and phonetics. The research results of psychoacoustics have showed that there are differences in the auditory perception between Chinese and English. Nowadays, most hearing devices are generally designed for hearing-impaired people using western languages and those imported devices are not effective for Chinese speakers. In this paper, some new findings on the auditory perception differences between Chinese and English will be shared and a new coding strategy for cochlear implants will be introduced. The subjective and objective evaluations have demonstrated that it is a valuable candidate for Chinese speakers.


This study seeks to provide insights into corporate achievements in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics management and to detail how they might help disaster agencies. The authors aim to highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in disaster relief supply chains. Both SCM and logistics management literature and examples drawn from real-life cases inform the development of the theoretical model. The theoretical, dual-cycle model that focuses on the key missions of disaster relief agencies: first, prevention and planning and, second, response and recovery. Three major contributions are offered: a concise representation of current practices and particularities of disaster relief supply chains compared with commercial SCM; challenges and barriers to the development of more efficient SCM practices, classified into learning, strategising, and coordinating and measurement issues; and a simple, functional model for understanding how collaborations between corporations and disaster relief agencies might help relief agencies meet SCM challenges. The study does not address culture-clash related considerations. Rather than representing the entire scope of real-life situations and practices, the analysis relies on key assumptions to help conceptualise collaborative paths. The study provides specific insights into how corporations might help improve the SCM practices by disaster relief agencies that continue to function without SCM professional expertise, tools, or staff. The paper shows that sharing supply chain and logistics expertise, technology, and infrastructure with relief agencies could be a way for corporations to demonstrate their good corporate citizenship. Collaborations between corporations and disaster agencies offer significant potential benefits.


The outstanding electrical, mechanical and chemical properties of graphene make it attractive for a wide range of applications, particularly in the micro electronics field. Currently, chem- ical vapor deposition on copper foils is considered as the most promising route to synthesize graphene in terms of quality, thickness, uniformity and scalability. However, the realization of high-performance graphene-based devices requires the transfer from copper foils onto specific sub- strates. This transfer step is known to cause adverse effects on graphene quality and hinders drastically its processability. In contrast, graphene growth on copper thin films predeposited on passivated substrates enables the transfer-free deposition of graphene on insulating materials by using copper as a sacrificial layer. Moreover, this approach allows the processing of graphene by conventional thin film technologies. In this study, large-area graphene films are grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using methane as carbon source directly onto evaporated copper thin films (700 nm) pre- deposited on SiO2/Si wafers. As graphene film quality and number of layers are the primary areas of concern for high-performance electronics, the CVD parameters including temperature, pressure and hydrogen-to-methane gas ratio have been optimized to obtain uniform films. Moreover, it is found that the presence of a cover located at a maximum of a few tens of microns from the copper surface is necessary to grow graphene. The interest of confining the atmosphere near the Cu surface stands on the significant reduction of copper evaporation which allows the formation of a stable graphene film on its top. The presence of graphene and the continuity of the film have been observed by the means of scanning electron microscopy while the quality of the film has been assessed by Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the confinement of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the copper surface is critical for the successful growth of graphene. The use of a fused quartz substrate directly in contact to the copper thin film demonstrated the best confinement results in terms of graphene uniformity and quality. In that way, a continuous predominantly single-layer graphene film has been achieved over surface areas up to 10 cm2. The Raman measurements performed on the as- grown graphene indicate a I2D/IG ratio close to 2 and a ID/IG∼ 0 over nearly all the surface area reflecting that the film is predominately defect-free monolayer graphene.


Mining areas where there should be a prosperous society, are in fact very contradictory to the high poverty rate there. The activities of mining companies have actually caused many natural disasters, not to mention the problem of post-mining holes, which so far have also claimed many lives because many of them are still left open and not immediately reclaimed. East Kalimantan and South Sumatera are the two provinces in Indonesia that have the most natural damage due to mining activities there. Kaltim Prima Coal, and Bukit Asam Company as the largest mining company there, have actually tried to manage their post-mining areas by implementing CSR programs to improve the welfare of the community, but this seems not to have been optimal. Several demonstrations were carried out by the community both in East Kalimantan and South Sumatera to demand an increase in the quality of life. Seeing this problem, the role of communication media is needed to be able to communicate effective and effective CSR programs for the community, so that there will be good acceptance and support from the community to jointly preserve the environment. This research is a qualitative research with a case study method, where researchers will examine how the dynamics of digital communication media management carried out by Kaltim Prima Coal and Bukit Asam Company to communicate their CSR programs. The results of the research are expected to provide an overview of how effective the management of digital communication media from the implementation of the CSR program by Kaltim Prima Coal and Bukit Asam  Company is so that later it can become a reference for the CSR program communication process carried out by the company.


Motivation: Being able to estimate the walking direction of people would be usuful for many applications such as autonomous cars and robots. For these applications, it is necessary to recognize the surrounding environments in order to avoid collisions with people. We consider walking direction estimation to be one of challenging topics in this area. In this project we do not consider the detection of people in images and assume that they have been already detected.


Species assessed as threatened by the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) show evidence of declining population sizes. Genetic diversity is lost by this decline, which reduces the adaptive potential of the species and increases its extinction risk in a changing environment. In this study, we collected an extensive dataset of nucleotide diversities in the COI (Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I) mitochondrial gene for 4,363 animal species assessed by IUCN and found significantly reduced levels of diversity in threatened species of long‐lived animal classes. Then, we built up a comparative frame by acquiring the 95% confidence interval (CI) of mean values of COI nucleotide diversity in bootstrapped samples of nonthreatened species. Finally, we tested the comparative frame with data from the endangered bivalve species, Pinna nobilis. We conclude that nucleotide diversity in COI is a good proxy for a first evaluation of the conservation status of species populations, where previous knowledge is lacking and census is difficult to perform .


Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) coated with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly-(ethylene oxide) (PNIPAM-g-PEO), have been prepared by the reduction of silver ions with NaH4B in aqueous solutions. The obtained SNPs were very stable at room temperature because of the extended coil conformation of the PNIPAM-g-PEO chain. At higher temperatures (such as 40°C) above the phase transition of PNIPAM-g-PEO, only minute aggregation between the SNPs was observed, indicating that the PEO chains still retained the ability to stabilise the SNPs. Moreover, the thermoresponsive properties of SNPs coated with PNIPAM-g-PEO were further investigated as a function of the temperature by UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The switchable optical and size response of the SNPs triggered by temperature change was observed. The absorbing peak and size of the SNPs was blue shift from 395.0 to 382.5 nm and increased from 29.4 to 33.5 nm at elevating the temperature from 25 to 40°C, respectively. The result was attributed to the phase transition of PNIPAM-g-PEO adsorbing on the surface of the SNPs as a function of temperature.


Payment for Ecosystem Services is always appreciated because of its offer for services receiving from ecosystem. Thus, this research was objectively carried out list of ecosystem services offered by Resunga forest hill and to show their economic analysis. Two Focus group discussion was carried out with the involvement of local people, social worker, and community schoolteacher and from related stakeholder. One focus group discussion with 10 numbers of participants was carried out at Resunga municipality. Total 15 key interviews were conducted to collect the information regarding ecosystem services using structured and semi structured questionnaire, through either formally or informally interview. Field visit was done at morning to ecosystem system services exist in the forests. Secondary data were mainly collected from published and unpublished relevant documents. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and economic analysis. The list of ecosystem services are water, fodder, forage, pebbles/ boulders, timber and fuel wood. These services were categorized into four main categories into regular, provisional, cultural and supportive. The water was considered as the most significant services in the study area. It was found that total benefit of US$18332.54 and total cost was around US$11132.425. So, the mean benefit and cost is US$3666.508 and US$2226.48 respectively. The benefit cost (B/C) ratio was found to be 1.66 which shows that there is high potentiality of PES schemes in Resunga furthermore NPV value seems to be 1.33 which means PES schemes will have high sustainability in Next five year in Resunga forest.


In recent years, using phase variable filter, measurement method to analyze spectral property of the atmosphere component or the blood is studied. Then, the value of the interferogram fluctuates by the influence of the disturbance, therefore in this case where the correct spectral characteristics cannot be acquired. In this paper, our control method estimates the disturbance input to the phase variable filter by the disturbance observer and then control the motion of the movable mirror of the phase variable filter by controlling the piezo actuator. Finally, through experiment, we show the validity of our proposed method.


The development is described of a nickel-chromium-iron alloy containing 47% nickel and 5% chromium and matching ordinary lead glass as used in the manufacture of electrical lamps and valves. Stresses in seals made with these materials are low at all temperatures, even though there is a 60? difference between the alloy Curie temperature (about 340?) and the glass transformation temperature (about 400?).


Letter about plans to arrange for the immigration of Chinese labourers to New Zealand, and encloses the minutes of a meeting held to discuss this matter on 11 Jun 1853; envelope included
Source of title - Supplied title
Quantity: 1 folder(s) (3 pieces). 0.01 Linear Metres.
Physical Description: Holograph and ms
Provenance: Donor/Lender/Vendor - Donated by the Founders Society, 1984


The subject for biology research is living things whose essential distinction differs from non-living things by having prominent characteristics of life activites.The guiding ideology of biology teaching must be based upon the life nature property in order to derelop students' life concepts.In the course of teaching,the regularity of the life activties should will be mastered and the original appearance of them must be revealed.The feature of the biology teaching can be stressed by choosing a proper teaching method according to the presentation of scientific knowledge in biology so as to raise the biology teaching in middle schools to a higher level.


Introduction: Cigarettes contained toxic chemicals, such as nicotine and carbon monoxide is inhaled through a cigarette, which get into the bloodstream can damage the endothelial lining of the arteries and lead to atherosclerosis, so the smoke can cause hypertension. experiment aims to analyze the relationship of blood pressure in clinics Pre employees who smoke at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga Methods: This study is a research based on the goal, this study to determine whether there was an effect on blood pressure in smokers employees at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga. This type of research is an analytic observational Results: the results of Rank Spearman correlation test above, it can be shown that the p-value between smoking and systolic blood pressure by 0866 and blood pressure diastolic 0.883 The results of this decision means that there is no significant relationship between smoking employees of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga with blood pressure systole and diastole of employees at a significance level of 5%. Conclusion: Average age of the sample is 38 years with an average height 167.11cm and 67.56kg weight, and a sample with a mean systolic blood pressure is the biggest age group of 50-59 years with a mean of 118.7 mmHg. There was no significant relationship between smoking employees of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.866) and diastolic employees (p = 0883).


Suburb community transforming is very common in the urbanization in China.The suburb community of Pingjiang district in Suzhou has experienced three stages in its successive transformation to urban community.Its community population undergoes changes from villagers to urban residents.It succeeds in urbanization in the light of the shape,and economy,politics,culture and society as well.This success has universal inspiration to urban and rural integration in the cities around Taihu Lake.


In 2020, mankind is faced with a pandemic problem. If preventive efforts have been made and the covid-19 virus still infected humans, the last step that can be done against the virus is human immunity. So, efforts to increase immunity need to be done, especially during the pandemic. Immunity is related to optimum nutrition. However, optimal nutrition will not be achieved if the related factors are not achieved as well. Therefore, researchers were interested in conducting research to see the knowledge profile of balanced nutritions and stress level as one of the factors in achieving best nutrition during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge profile of balanced nutrition and stress levels with a sample of health science students at Unsika (Singaperbangsa Karawang University) during the pandemic. This analysis design was a combination of quantitative and qualitative exploration. It was determined purposively and conducted in November-December 2020. From the results of the inquiry, it is known that the profile picture of balanced nutrition knowledge during the pandemic of Unsika Students; 35% of respondents had less intelligence, 61% of the survey participants had moderate insight, and only 4% had a good one. Based on this experiment, it is also known that students got a lot of information from the internet (websites/ articles/ popular social media). An overview of the stress level of Unsika Students; were 35% of respondents at normal stress level, 14% of the samples had mid stress stage, 27% considered as moderate stress phase, 20% included in severe stress class, and 4% got very heavy stress one. The causes of the stress during the pandemic included a slumping economic situation, due to task deadlines and lack of understanding of learning materials, loneliness, boredom, fear of infection of the virus and other personal reasons.


In the thesis, my research is about a family style that is described by habits, rules, rituals and secrets. Every family functions in a different way.
I was interested in what kind of influence a family has on the individual living in it. The family lifestyle is a very broad topic which includes many different fields. Rules can be considered as such due to defining the manners and behaviour of the family. Other fields are family habits and secrets.
Family habits are divided into different subgroups. One of them is dealing with rituals which do not appear as common as others. Secrets have an important and a strong influence on what is happening in the family. If we put all this together, we can realise that there is a lot of dynamics in the family which is constantly changing together with family members.

In the empirical part I interviewed a family – every family member separately. We were talking about their family life. Primarily, I wanted to hear what is important for each individual. I compared the results I got with the theory and then tried to explain them. I realised that everyone understands family differently depending on the life stage of the interviewee. The biggest difference appeared with the secrets. Parents did not say much about them, but children were much more honest.


Objective To study the relationship between late-onset depression(LOD) and the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene polymorphism of Intron 16 insertion/deletion(I/D).Methods 93 LOD patients(60-83years) and 90 normal control subjects(60~85 years) were enrolled in this study.The intron 16 I/D polymorphism of ACE gene was analysed by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The frequencies of genotype and allele of ACE gene did not show significant difference between LOD group and normal control group(χ2=0.241,P=0.866;χ2=0.127,P=0.722).Concerning age,gender,HAMD,episodestimes,duration of illness,with/without history of psychosis,with/without suicidal attempt,no significant differences were observed among three ACE genotype in LOD patients group(average P0.05).Conclusions ACE gene I/D polymorphism did not significantly associate with LOD.


This study was conducted primarily to examine the scale intended to measure academically oriented high school students' motivation to learn English within self-determination theory by utilizing item response theory (IRT), and secondly to capture it with a sample of Japanese high school students. Although high school students have not been the focus in the majority of second language (L2) motivation studies in Japan, they constitute an area worthy of inquiry, given their short-term goal of passing entrance exams and the long-term goal of nurturing L2 communicative competence. In order to examine the scale measuring academically oriented high school students' L2 motivation and to capture its structure, a questionnaire was administered to 273 high school students. In analyzing the data, the graded response model, an IRT model for polytomous responses, was applied. Analyses indicated that identified regulation, a type of internalized extrinsic motivation, was relevant and seemed to play an important role for the participants. The psychometric quality of the scale items were presented using functions of the IRT model. Implications and suggestions were discussed.


Vol. 11, No. 7, 2021, Pg. 402 - Abstract This study was undertaken in response to evaluate an instructional method in Environmental Education which is the Environmental Education Module in enhancing pupils' knowledge and behavior intention. One group pre and the post-quasi-experimental study was conducted involves 32 primary five pupils from two identified schools via purposive sampling. Four series of test were conducted namely pre-test (to access initial level of knowledge and behavior intention before intervention), post-test (to access immediate effects of intervention), one-month post-delayed test (to access continuous effects of intervention) and six months post-delayed test (to access continuous and long-term effects of intervention). Based on the analysis of Repeated Measure ANOVA it is found that there is a significant difference in knowledge Wilks' Lambda = .409, F ( 3,29) = 13.951, p =.00 <0.005, eta 2 = .591 and in behavior intention Wilks' Lambda = .60, F( 3,29) = 1.193, p = 0.002 < 0.005, eta 2 = .04. Thus, hypothesis H o1 and H o2 were rejected. Further analysis by pairwise comparison, Post Hoc with Bonferroni adjustment found that there is a statistically difference found in knowledge in the pair of post-test ( M = 15.53, SD = 2.94) compare to the pre-test ( M = 11.50, SD = 3.50, one month post-delayed test ( M = 15.28, SD = 2.79) compare to the pre-test ( M = 11.50, SD = 3.50) and six months post-delayed test ( M = 14.75, SD = 2.90) compare to the pre-test ( M = 11.50, SD = 3.50). This indicates that the module able to give positive impacts to enhance pupils' knowledge towards the environment and persist it until six months upon completion of the intervention. On the other hand, a similar result was also found in behavior intention in the pair of post-tests ( M = 4.12, SD = 0.31) when compared pre-test ( M = 3.88, SD = 3.041). This indicates that the module able to trigger and enhance the behavior intention towards the environment for a very short time. This suggested that the usage of the module as the main teaching and learning tool is capable of enhancing knowledge and behavior intention.


The International Conference on Schizophrenia (ICoNS) was an event that coincided with the 20th anniversary of the Schizophrenia Research Foundation, a non-profit, non-governmental agency in Chennai in south India. Better known as SCARF, the foundation has been a pioneering agency in the field of chronic mental illness for over 20 years. Research and academics has been one of the main thrust areas of the foundation's activities. Despite limitations of resources, personnel and funds, SCARF doggedly pursued its research activities along with care and rehabilitation programmes. International bodies such as the World Health Organization were quick to recognize our work by designating SCARF as a Collaborating Centre for mental health research and training. Some of the other collaborations were with the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, the Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany, the Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Canada, the University of Queensland, Australia and a long-standing and very fruitful partnership with the Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries, UK. The International Conference on Schizophrenia was an attempt to bring together the best of schizophrenia research from all over the world to India. It also facilitated the participation of other developing countries in the vicinity. It provided a platform to discuss contemporary issues of great relevance to the national and international scene. The subjects discussed covered a wide gamut from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic research to community mental health and the family movement. Eleven plenary sessions, 14 symposia, and 80 posters marked the scientific programme attended by over 400 delegates from 18 countries. This issue of International Review of Psychiatry features nine papers presented at the conference. Although a wide variety of subjects were covered in the conference, this issue features only socio-cultural themes. The relationship between culture and psychosis, community mental health, suicide and mental health of migrants and stigma form the contents of the manuscripts.


To study the therapeutic effect of corn silk polysaccharide (CSP) on NAFLD mice induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group (NC), high fat diet (HFD) group, HFD+200 mg/kg CSP group, and HFD+600 mg/kg CSP group. NAFLD mouse model was established by HFD feeding. Blood and liver tissues of each group were collected and biochemical and pathological tests were performed. The energy intake of NAFLD model group was higher than that of normal control group, and the food intake, water intake, and excretion of NAFLD model group were lower than that of normal control group. There was no statistical significance in the food intake, energy intake, water intake, and excretion of CSP group compared with that of NAFLD model group, nor was there any statistical significance between CSP and two doses of CSP. Biochemical tests showed that CSP decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum of HFDfed mice, and inhibited the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue. Pathological results showed that CSP improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.


sampling. Plasma samples for AVPdetermina-tion wereobtainedfrom28febrile children andcerebrospinal fluid samples from 19. Pairedplasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples wereobtained in nine ofthe children. Nochild washypotensiveorclinically dehydratedat the timeofsampling.The afebrile control population consisted oftwo groups, totalling 27 children: 15 childrenwho were seen as outpatients for a variety ofconditions (table 2), and from whom plasmasamples were obtained, and 12 inpatients whounderwentlumbarpuncturefor various clinicalindications (table 3) andwhoprovidedcerebro-spinalfluid samples. Themedianageofthecon-trolpopulationwas7 0years,range 1 month-15years; 13(48%)wereboys. Therewasnosignifi-cantdifference betweentheagestructureofthestudy and control groups (Mann-Whitney Utest, p=013).Blood (05-1 0 ml) was taken onto ice,centrifuged immediately, and the plasmaseparated and stored at -20°C until assay.Cerebrospinalfluid(0 5 ml)wasalsotakenontoice and stored at -20°C. Immediately beforeAVPassay, the plasma sample was extractedthrough octadecasilyl silica cartridges (Sep-pakC18,WatersAssociates).TheAVPconcentrationinplasmaandcerebrospinal fluid wasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassay,asdescribedpreviously.16Theintra-assay coefficient ofvariation was 5%andthe interassay coefficient ofvariation 15%.The limit of detection of the assay was


Archival documentation of the central state authorities is according to its categorization the first class historic source and as such inevitable in scientific research of historic time that it refers to. The Archives of Yugoslavia, former state archive and today common cultural heritage is unavoidable spot for various researchers. For the purpose of qualitative appraisal, categorization, research work and publishing of cultural heritage entrusted to the Archives of Yugoslavia, establishment of scientific department is necessary. This department will essentially contribute to the improvement of complete archival activity.


By replacing the permanent magnet with an electromagnet, traditional magnetic solid-phase extraction was developed into electromagnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction. A simple operation of power on and off can realize the separation of adsorbents from solutions easily. The improvement makes it possible for the automation of the determination of Sudan Red I by HPLC. After series of optimization, trace Sudan red I can be well determined, and excellent linearity was achieved in the range of 0.005 to 1 mg/L with the correlation coefficient (R2 ) = 0.997. The limit of detection with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was found to be 0.001 mg/L. The spiked recoveries of Sudan red I for the samples ranged from 93.6 % to 104.9 %. Moreover, the adsorbent could be recycled at least 10 times. The results show that the electromagnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with HPLC is a rapid, eco-friendly, effective, and sensitive determination method with fascinating automation potential and high practical applicability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Certification in Humanitarian Medical Logistics Practices (MedLog) is offered as part of the Fritz Institute/CILT (UK) Humanitarian Logistics Certification Program. Developed for experienced humanitarian logisticians and medical specialists handling the medical supply, MedLog focuses on medical items' special supply chain requirements, with emphasis on preventing the introduction of counterfeit or substandard items to the supply chain.


Abstract. This paper reviews current understanding of soil structure, the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in soil structure and evidence for or against better soil physical condition under organic farming. It also includes new data from farm case studies in the UK. Young SOM is especially important for soil structural development, improving ephemeral stability through fungal hyphae, extracellular polysaccharides, etc. Thus, to achieve aggregate stability and the advantages that this conveys, frequent input of fresh organic matter is required. Practices that add organic material are routinely a feature of organically farmed soils and the literature generally shows that, comparing like with like, organic farms had at least as good and sometimes better soil structure than conventionally managed farms. Our case studies confirmed this. In the reviewed papers, SOM was generally larger on the biodynamic/organic farms because of the organic additions and/or leys in the rotation. We can therefore hypothesize that, because it is especially the light fraction of SOM that is involved in soil structural development, soil structure will improve in a soil to which fresh organic residues are added regularly. Thus, we argue it is not the farming system per se that is important in promoting better physical condition, but the amount and quality of organic matter returned to a soil.


In conversations with British and American scientists and theologians such as the biologist Steven Rose, the psychiatrist Montague Barker, and the Archbishop of York, the author addresses questions about science and belief. The topics discussed include how we should view ourselves in the light of modern science, how scientists react to the vastness of the universe, whether the universe was created by the Big Bang and the idea of a creator is thereby ruled out, how mankind might continue to evolve, and what Einstein meant when to he said that "God does not play dice". The book ties in with a BBC Radio 4 series.


Abstract This paper illustrates experimental results obtained by means of strain gauges applied on circular tubes during static lateral crushing. The aim of the work is to obtain an experimental insight regarding the strain field during lateral compression and to verify the known theoretical models. The experimental activity involved aluminium tubes of 80 and 100 mm diameter and 2 mm wall thickness. Up to thirty strain gauges were applied on the internal and external surfaces of each tube. Additional theoretical results were obtained by means of numerical simulation performed using a non-linear finite element code. The measurements are well fitted, both qualitatively and quantitatively, by the Reid-Reddy theoretical model.


Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion is a rare and new subtype of RCC and was classified by the WHO in 2004. Since then, multiple 5′ fusion partners for TFE3 have been reported; however, the impact of individual fusion variant on specific clinicopathologic features of Xp11.2 RCCs has not been well defined. Methods Four Xp11.2 translocation RCCs were identified by morphological, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays from 200 patients who attended Guangdong General Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020. All these four cases were further analyzed by RNA sequencing to explore their TFE3 gene fusion partners. The clinicopathologic features, including clinical manifestations, pathological findings, treatment strategies, clinical outcomes, and follow-up information on Xp11.2 translocation RCCs, were recorded and evaluated. Results These four cases affected one male and three females. The median age was 13 years at the time of diagnosis (range = 4–20 years). All the examined tumors were unilateral and unifocal. The largest diameter of these tumors ranged from 2.0 to 10.0 cm, and the average was 5.55 cm. Regional lymph node or distant metastasis developed in two patients. Three cases demonstrated known fusions: ASPCR1–TFE3 (two cases) and PRCC–TFE3 (one case). However, one case showed an unreported VCP–TFE3 fusion gene in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs. Immunohistochemistry results revealed tumor cells diffusely positive for TFE3, but have no consistency in other markers. Moreover, there were different clinical prognoses among the different variant TFE3 rearrangements; RCC patients with VCP–TFE3 translocation had worse prognosis compared to those with other fusion types. Follow-up were available for all the patients and ranged from 3 to 36 months. Three patients were without evidence of disease progression, while that with VCP–TFE3 fusion died of the disease 3 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion In conclusion, our data expand the list of TFE3 gene fusion partners and the clinicopathologic features of Xp11.2 RCCs with specific TFE3 gene fusions. We identified a novel VCP–TFE3 fusion in Xp11.2 translocation RCCs for the first time, which has unique morphology and worse prognosis than those with other variant TFE3 rearrangements. Integration of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods is often necessary for the precise diagnosis and optimal clinical management of malignant tumors.


A flexible shaft is prone to a number of vibration phenomena which occur at frequencies other than synchronous with rotational speed Nonsynchronous vibrations from several sources were observed while running a test rig designed to simulate the operation of a supercritical power tranmission shaft The test rig was run first with very light external damping and then with a higher level of external damping, for comparison. As a result, the effect of external damping on the nonsynchronous vibrations of the test rig was observed. All of these nonsynchronous vibrations were of significant amplitude. Their presence in the vibrations spectra for a supercritical power transmission shaft at various speeds in the operating range indicates that very careful attention to all of the vibration spectra should be made in any supercritical power transmission shafting. This paper presents a review of the analysis performed and a comparison with experimental data. A thorough discussion of the observed nonsynchronous whirl is also provided.Copyright © 1979 by ASME


"Tiger stripes" is a surface defect that can appear on injection moulded products. It is generally referred to as dull and rough bands on a normally smooth and shiny plastic surface. "Tiger str ...


The security of electronic devices has become a key requisite for the rapidly-expanding pervasive and hyper-connected world. Robust security protocols ensuring secure communication, device's resilience to attacks, authentication control and users privacy need to be implemented. Random Number Generators (RNGs) are the fundamental primitive in most secure protocols but, often, also the weakest one. Establishing security in billions of devices requires high quality random data generated at a sufficiently high throughput. On the other hand, the RNG should exhibit a high integration level with on-chip extraction to remove, in real time, potential imperfections. We present the first integrated Quantum RNG (QRNG) in a standard CMOS technology node. The QRNG is based on a parallel array of independent Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs), homogeneously illuminated by a DC-biased LED, and co-integrated logic circuits for postprocessing. We describe the randomness generation process and we prove the quantum origin of entropy. We show that co-integration of combinational logic, even of high complexity, does not affect the quality of randomness. Our CMOS QRNG can reach up to 400 Mbit/s throughput with low power consumption. Thanks to the use of standard CMOS technology and a modular architecture, our QRNG is suitable for a highly scalable solution.


This bachelor thesis focuses on language of selected TED Talks covering topics of linguistics and business and presentation delivery of selected speakers. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides a brief overview of the TED company, TED Talks, describes the rhetorical style and covers key points of presentation delivery and aspects of nonverbal communication. The practical part is dedicated to the analysis of selected TED Talks in terms of their language and presentation delivery. At the end of the thesis, conclusions are specified.


The Asian financial crisis began with the fall of the Thai Baht in June 1997, this crisis struck almost all countries in Asia, one of which was South Korea. South Korea then became the country with the world's 11th largest economy, also receiving the impact of the Thai crisis. On 23 January 1997, one of South Korea's big companies, ' Hanbo Iron & Steel ' became bankrupt due to bonds that were not priced and in the process of large funds loans, there was corruption involving the world of politics and Financial. This made foreign investors who lost interest in the South Korean market to leave the stock market, so the price of the collapse stocks and the exchange rate of the won currency against the American dollar were also dropped. Due to this situation, finally, in November, the agenda to solicit financial assistance to the IMF was discussed openly, and South Korea entered the IMF framework starting on December 3, 1997. During the IMF aid loan, South Korea is able to recover quickly and pays its debts 3 years faster than scheduled targets. The factors that affect the rapid recovery process of South Korea are external and internal factors that are in the form of an agreement with the IMF and internal policy of the South Korean government in handling the monetary crisis of Asia in 1997.


The paper describes the role of the construct of the input in L2 teaching theory as it has changed in the last decades. The main differences between the input enhancement approach and the focus on form approach have been identified. Possible benefits between the results on the role of the input in spontaneous SLA and in classroom teaching are described in the paper.


The allocation of stability area is carried out by means of computer scanning of points in parameter space under the special computer program.


Bachelor work "Guide-dog as a factor of increasing the quality of life the visually impaired" focused on live of visually impaired and his guide-dog and describe affect of life by guide-dog (three-dimensional orientation, social sphere, mental and psychical wellness).


The Clipped union bound is generally used when coding theorems are proved with random coding. As noted by Shulman and Feder [1, Lemma A.2], if the codewords are triple-wise independent, the bound is tight up to factor 12 . In this paper we calculate the exact bound as a function of a CDF of the pairwise error of any word. The method assumes a general metric-based decoder and general channel. Evaluation of the Error Exponent is demonstrated for the mismatched decoding case.


The nuclear waste, before being recycled or disposed of, is stored in either wet or dry storage facilities. The nuclear waste is both hot and radioactive and requires storage in water to allow the fuel to cool. After a period of initial cooling the fuel can be kept in wet storage, or transferred into a dry facility. Keeping the used fuel in temporary storage to allow both the heat and radioactivity to diminish makes the recycling and disposal easier. The main rationale for reprocessing old fuel over the last 50 years has been to recover unused plutonium, as well as less immediately valuable unused uranium, in the used fuel elements, and so acquire 25%-30% more energy from the original uranium in the process. This helps to ensure the country's energy security.


The vast amount of information hidden in huge a database has created tremendous interests in the field of data mining. Among several data mining techniques, one of them called clustering is discussed in this paper. Clustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items, or feature vectors) into groups (clusters). A cluster is therefore a collection of objects which are "similar" between them and are "dissimilar" to the objects belonging to other clusters. Various clustering techniques available based on different parameters like distance, density, hierarchy and partition. The clustering problem has been addressed in many contexts and by researchers in many disciplines; this reflects its broad appeal and usefulness as one of the steps in exploratory data analysis. Whether for understanding or utility, cluster analysis has long been used in a wide variety of fields: psychology and other social sciences, biology, statistics, pattern recognition, information retrieval, machine learning, and data mining. The scope of this paper is modest: to provide an introduction to hierarchical clustering algorithm in the field of data mining, where we define data mining to be the discovery of useful, but non-obvious, information or patterns in large collections of data. A number of hierarchical clustering methods that have recently been developed are described here, with a goal of providing useful recommendation and references to fundamental concepts accessible to the broad community of clustering


Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Thyroid dysfunctions are more frequent in patients with inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate thyroid functions and thyroid autoantibodies in ankylosing spondylitis patients, to determine the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment in AS patients and the relationship between thyroid function and autoantibody levels, inflammatory markers and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients.
Materials and Methods: 74 ankylosing spondylitis patients diagnosed according to 1984 Modified New York criteria and Assessment in Spondylarthritis International Society classification criteria were included. 41 of them were receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment and 33 of them were receiving nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. We recorded patients' age, gender, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C-reactive protein values, blood count, biochemical analysis, thyroid function tests, autoantibody levels, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index.
Results: Mean anti-thyroid peroxidase levels were significant at a high level in ankylosing spondylitis patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor compared to patients receiving nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (p= 0.009).Negative correlation was found between thyrotropin-stimulating hormone and C-reactive protein(r=-0,264, p=0,023).A positive correlation was found between free thyroxine and C-reactive protein (r=0,436,p=0,009), anti-thyroid peroxidase positivity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0,384,p=0,001),anti-thyroglobulin positivity and erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein(r=0,329,r=0,265,p=0,004,p=0,022).
Conclusion: The frequency of thyroid disorder in patients with AS receiving anti-TNF α was lower compared to patients receiving nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. We can consider that anti-TNF α treatment could reduce autoimmune thyroid diseases and had a positive effect on thyroid functions.


The present research work deals with the forms of participation of local communities in the archaeological sites of the Moche Route, for that has raised the following problem What is the tourist community participation related to archaeological sites currently operating in the Moche Route ?, because until now he has not done research on the involvement of communities in the development of tourist destinations, the problem silvered some hypotheses, which were obtained by secondary sources, expressed in any documents such as articles news, etc., to do the following hypothesis is proposed: the tourism community participation related to archaeological sites currently operating in the Moche route, is evident in the implementation of activities related to the enhancement of the sites activities archaeological, and the development of local tourism businesses around the craft and gastronomy. From this began with fieldwork and two forms of tourism participation is evidenced by the communities, the first direct involvement, he had to do specifically with the enhancement of an archaeological monument and the tasks were carried in excavation work, conservation and restoration, it is called directly by the villagers were working directly for the attraction and were part of the management, on the other hand participation indirectly reflected in the tourism business are identified around the Rosy, this form of participation does not have to do directly with the management of tourist attraction but with attention to tourists visiting the monuments. Besides the presence of crafts and food businesses are vital to strengthening local, regional and national tourism product. Then we can say that communities of different form are participating in the operation of the archaeological sites of the Moche Route and bring improvements in quality of life for many of its inhabitants. Finally, the involvement of communities is also due to management policies that have archaeological projects, evidenced in most cases training to artisans and business people linked to gastronomy, a relationship that in some places has strengthened the identity Local Community and has been able to rescue and value the heritage and historical legacy we have inherited.


Insulation technology is important for supporting the reliability of basic generators, so continuous development of the technology is needed, and various new products may be developed based on this technology.


Several compounds related to helminthosporol (I), a natural plant-growth promoter, were prepared from I and their plant-growth regulating activities were examined together with those of the derivatives reported in the previous paper, using rice and lettuce seedlings. Among the compounds tested, helminthosporic acid (III) exhibited marked elongation effect to the shoot growth of rice and lettuce seedlings, whereas the effect of I was specific to the former. Results of the biological test are reported in details.


Process gas monitoring by mass spectrometry for model based control of a biogas tower reactor The application of a process mass spectrometer for the model-based control of a biogas tower reactor is described. Liquid phase concentrations that cannot be measured on-line are estimated by a process model from the concentrations of the biogas compounds. The process control on the basis of these estimated values was applied successfully at a pilot plant.


The phycological literature contains several accounts for the occurrence of phenotypic plasticity, briefly defined as morphological variations induced by changing environmental conditions. However, the potential impact of plasticity on algal systematics has been underestimated. In the past, conventional classification schemes have not been sufficiently flexible to incorporate a rather extensive phenotypic plasticity, resulting in the application of different names to morphs (ecomorphs) of the same species. Research on the green algal genus Scenedesmus has demonstrated the impact of this morphological plasticity on taxonomy at the species level, suggesting possible pathways toward the development of a more natural classification system based on multidisciplinary information.


We examine whether the increased quantity of public information has a spillover impact on equity sales by private industry peer firms. To capture an increase in the quantity of public peer information, we use corporate spin‐offs as these events cause an increase in the number of independent public entities that mandatorily disclose financial reports. Using a unique dataset on private firms' equity sales extracted from the Securities and Exchange Commission filings pursuant to Regulation D, we find that private industry peers sell more equity following spin‐offs, but the increase is not statistically significant. When we divide our spin‐off sample based on the availability of segment information on subsidiaries before spin‐offs, however, we find a significant an increase in private firms' equity sales after spin‐offs when parent firms did not previously disclose segment reports. Additional test results suggest that our inferences regarding private industry peers are not entirely explained by an industry‐wide demand shock. Overall, we contribute to the literature by establishing an information spillover channel, incremental to the effect of common industry shocks, flowing from the public to private markets.


Soil heat flux is one of the heat balance components of active surface. Average value of this flux for a long period is equal zero, but for a short period it can be very high. It can be positive, when heat is flowing from the soil to the surface, or negative in the opposite case. The impact of solar radiation (net radiation) and leaf area index (LAI) on the value of soil heat flux were analyzed in the paper. The equations for the calculation of soil heat flux density as a function of net radiation were found for bare soil, grass and lupine field.


The composition of amino acid and fatty acid in fertilized eggs and lost eggs of Eriocheir sinensis were determined with capillary gas chromatography and HPLC.The results showed that there was no difference in the contents of essential amino acid (EAA) and supplemental amino acid (SAA) among the fertilized eggs of Taihu population and Wenzhou population,and the lost eggs of Wenzhou population of Eriocheir sinensis,and the non-essential acid (NEAA),including Glu,Cys and Ser had some difference between the eggs of three groups. There were 16,13 and 14 kinds of fatty acids in fertilized eggs of Taihu population and Wenzhou population,and the lost eggs of Wenzhou population,respectively.Saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids represented 18.96%-23.09%,51.76%-62.65%and 14.27%-28.96% of total fatty acids in the eggs respectively.The major fatty acid in each group were C16∶0(14.97%-18.59%),C16∶1(12.07%-20.28%)and C18∶1(37.98%-41.21%).There was significant difference in the contents of fatty acid between the eggs of three groups. The C18∶2,C18∶3 of fertilized eggs of Taihu population were more than that of Wenzhou population,and the DHA of fertilized eggs of Taihu population was much less than that of lost eggs of Wenzhou population.There were no significant changes of C14∶n and C16∶n between the fertilized eggs and the lost eggs of Wenzhou population.The relation between the abortion and the contents of amion acid and fatty acid,and the contents of fatty acid which influence the survival rates were also discussed in this paper.


Wireless caching is an efficient mechanism for reducing downloading delay and reducing the traffic pressure over backhual channels by caching some popular content, e.g., video clips, in small base stations (SBSs). In this paper, we consider a commercialized small-cell caching system consisting of a network service provider (NSP), several video retailers (VRs) and mobile users (MUs). The NSP leases its SBSs to VRs in order to earn profits, while the VRs store popular videos into the lent SBSs, thereby gaining profits from providing better services to the MUs. We conceive the system within the framework of contract theory by designing the optimal quality-price contract. We establish the profit function of NSP and VRs and solve the profit maximization problem through contract theory. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of our incentive mechanism for the system.


ABSTRACT Introduction The maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2max) can directly reflect the body's aerobic metabolism and oxygen delivery system. This is a measure of aerobic capacity used to monitor swimmers' levels and their strength and speed performance. Objective Verify the changes in VO2max when incorporating aerobic exercise training into swimmers' regular training. Methods 12 volunteer swimmers were divided into two categories: strength training group and regular training group. Both groups performed a fitness test on the 200-meter track before starting the training. VO2 maximal was measured and worked out statistically to verify the results of this competition. The effects of aerobic exercise on the strength and competitive status of the athletes were investigated according to an updated literature review. Results There was a significant change in the maximal oxygen uptake of the athletes after the experimental protocol. The athletes in the strength training group increased their VO2 max compared to the regular training group. The results showed a significant difference in the VO2max index before and after strength training (P<0.05). This suggests that strength training has a significant effect on maximal oxygen consumption. Conclusion Strength training interventions significantly affect athletes' maximal oxygen consumption intensity and exercise capacity. The aerobic exercise intervention showed evidence of improving the competitive level of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment outcomes.


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of calculus in neck and duct of gallbladder during laparoscopic operation.Methods The clinical data of 87 cases of calculus in neck and duct of gallbladder were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 83 cases of cholecystolithiasis and calculus in neck and duct of gallbladder,and 4 cases of cholecystolithiasis and calculus in neck and duct of gallbladder and with common duct stones.Of them,61 cases of calculus in neck and duct of gallbladder were detected during operation.Sixty-nine cases had single stone in duct of gallbladder,and 18 had multi-stones.All of the 87 cases had successful laparoscopic surgery,and among them,81 cases had laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC),and 6 had LC and laparoscopic bile duct exploration and T tube drainage.There were no complications and all were cured and discharged.Conclusions During laparoscopic operation,it is imporant to pay high attention to and identify stones in neck and duct of gallbladder and by flexibly applying the basic principles and strategies of LC,one can successfully manage stones in neck snd duct of gallbladder.


Introduction: The presence of antibiotics in drinking water negatively affects human health. The present study aimed at improving the adsorption performance of tetracycline (TC) by adjusting biomaterial  with MnMoO4, which is emanated from aerobic algae. Methods: This is a fundamental and applied study in which Algae biochar composite and manganese molybdate as the effective adsorbents in the removal of tetracycline antibiotics were used. This study has some objectives, which are as follows: (a) characterizing composite (biochar modified by MnMoO4), (b) preparing an effective adsorbent for TC evacuation and giving a potential specialized help for TC wastewater treatment under different experimental conditions through altering operational parameters, namely catalyst dosage, pollutant concentration, initial pH of the solution, and  (c) concluding adsorption mechanisms, kinetic and equilibrium models that were employed in the experimental data. Results: The results indicated that The maximum adsorption performance of TC reached 81% in netural pH. It suggested that optimization of pH was taken into account in netural pH. The adsorption of TC on MMBC shows good agreement with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm. Conclusion: The results showed that algae biochar composite and manganese molybdate highly efficiently absorbed tetracycline. it can be used to remove contaminants from water.


: In Brazil, atrazine (ATZ) is widely applied to maize ( Zea mays L.) fields for weed control. The presence of ATZ and its metabolites in soil and water matrices has become a matter of some concern for governmental authorities as well as for society at large. This study evaluated the patterns of ATZ degradation (mineralization, extractable and non-extractable ATZ residues, and metabolite formation) in a Brazilian Typic Paleudult. Soil samples from a cultivated area under a no-tillage system with a history of ATZ application were incubated with 14 C-ATZ in both the presence and absence of straw cover on the soil surface, and the evolved 14 CO 2 was determined by liquid scintillation. Samples from an area with native vegetation, adjacent to the cultivated area, were also incubated as a control. A higher mineralization of ATZ was observed in the cultivated soil (> 85 %) in comparison with the native soil (10 %) after 85 days of incubation. In addition to the higher mineralization and hydroxyatrazine (HA) formation, a rapid decrease in the water-extractable residues was observed in the cultivated soil. When the cultivated soil was covered with straw, mineralization was reduced by up to 30 % although a small amount of remo-bilization to the soil occurred within the 85 days. Straw cover hindered the degradation of ATZ in cultivated soils; whereas an accelerated biodegradation was due to repeated applications of ATZ, which may have selected microbiota more skilled at biodegrading the herbicide.


In a basic instance of motion planning, a robot—modeled as a simple polygon R—moves by translation amidst a set P of polygonal obstacles. Throughout its motion the robot must not penetrate any of the obstacles but touching them is allowed. In other words, the interior of R must be disjoint from the obstacles at any time. Formulated in this way, we are looking at the motion planning problem in working space (Figure D.1a). However, often it is useful to look at the problem from a different angle, in so-called configuration space. Starting point is the observation that the placement of R is fully determined by a vector ~v = (x, y) ∈ R specifying the translation of R with respect to the origin. Hence, by fixing a reference point in R and considering it the origin, the robot becomes a point in configuration space (Figure D.1b). The advantage of this point of view is that it is much easier to think of a point moving around as compared to a simple polygon moving around.


I investigate the link between the silence, self-expression, and illness of female characters in five German novels in the context of medical writing. Is the frequent reticence of sickly heroines a rejection of language in favor of a more authentic, physical means of expression, or should it be read as a patriarchal silencing of the female voice? And what of the verbal and written outpourings of emotion to which the wasting heroine is also given? I conclude that while the majority of the novels reinforce a traditional understanding of women's relationship to language, in her novel Luise (1796) Therese Huber puts forward an unconventional view.


The invention relates to a waveform generating system and a waveform generating method based on a microcontroller. The microcontroller, a double-port static random access memory (SRAM) and a reversible binary counter are utilized, firstly, a section of initial unrepeated waveform data in the waveform period is written into the SRAM, then, the size symmetry of a section of waveform data at the back side in the period and the waveform data stored in the SRAM is utilized, in addition, the reversible binary counter is used for counting completing signals so that the counting mode and the amplifying circuit form are selected before the re-counting starting, then, the counter works, and in addition, the waveform data stored in the SRAM is output after passing through digital-to-analog converter and proper amplifying circuits. The system and the method have the advantages that the data number in each period can be increased, so the waveform precision is improved, the repeated data is eliminated, only basic waveform data is stored, the size of the SRAM can be reduced, and the design cost is reduced.


We analyze three decisions in the shelf registration process. Firstly, we examine the determinants of shelf registration statement type, namely universal, common stock, or debt shelf. Secondly, we examine the drivers of the firm's issue decision, that is, whether or not the firm issues securities under any shelf registration. Thirdly, we analyze the determinants of the debt-equity choice under a universal shelf registration statement. The results show that firms that register equity or debt shelves have characteristics that are common to equity or debt issuers. Firms that register universal shelves, have characteristics similar to dual issuers. Further, we find that larger firms are more likely to conduct offerings under all types of shelf registration statements implying that small firms have limited access to the capital market. The determinants of the debt-equity choice for firms that have an effective universal shelf registration statement are consistent with the prior literature on security issue decisions and the main theories of capital structure. This implies that a firm's external financing behavior has not changed due to adoption of Rule 415. Firms use shelf offerings in a similar way to traditional security issues in the debt-equity choice decision.


If an organisation introduces new working methods, a lot of effort is required to introduce the concept to the parties involved. This is true for the introduction of e.g. design methods, systems for quality control or new software. Usually, the roll-out, training and gaining understanding and experience require investments that –by farexceed the initial acquisition. Introduction of the roadmap concept should require less effort, as the concept more closely relates to logical reasoning. This is because it is possible to focus the introduction of roadmaps in an organisation on relevant topics, instead of on organisational and managerial topics. This publication describes a case study in which the roadmap concept and the EDENTM framework are introduced to a group of 35 students Industrial Design Engineering that were formerly unfamiliar with both topics. The students work in small groups; addressing the development, management and evaluation of roadmaps, and simultaneously using these roadmaps as a guidance for a design project.


Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed Contact Lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本活躍於民間的目連戲,進入清宮,已產生變化,演出時不以中元節爲主,亦不偏重於超渡亡魂,並省略許多民間信仰複雜的禁忌與儀式。《勸善金科》演於歲暮,具有"代古人行儺祓"之性質,若就其編演之意義與目的,則可析分爲二:其一,在政治作用方面,張照秉持著王化觀再造《勸善金科》,乃欲藉由目連戲這類勸善懲惡、宣揚因果報應的載體,達到"人文化成"的效益,清廷甚至將之視作一部能演的善書,務使觀者能忠君愛國、隨順不逆。其二,在宗教作用方面,因該劇爲替代宮儺而演,故劇中的跳靈官與扮仙,別具特殊的宗教儀式意義,這兩種小戲,一反常態,已被容納於內容情節之中,且主題思想與全劇也是一脈相承,不可任意獨立或剔除,此爲相當特別的現象。
This essay is a study of a Qing-dynasty palace Mulian play, Zhang Zhao's The Golden Rule for Guiding to Good, with a focus on the political and religious functions of its script. The investigation found that the plays featuring the story of Mulian, originally a repertoire of popular tales for common people, underwent some changes when they were introduced to the Qing palace. These plays were not merely performed on the Hungry Ghost festival, as transcendence of the souls of the dead was no longer the only function of these plays. Moreover, many complicated taboos and rituals in folk beliefs were also omitted. The Golden Rule for Guiding to Good was performed at the end of the year as a means for "lustrating and exorcising evils on behalf of ancient people." The significance and purpose of writing and performing this opera can be summed up in two points. The first is its political function. Zhang Zhao recreated The Golden Rule for Guiding to Good in accordance with the teaching principle of the monarch and used the Mulian play as a means to exhort people to good and punish evil in order to advocate the retribution karmic cycle and to achieve the effect of "educating people with humanity-based virtues." The Qing palace even regarded the play script as a book of benevolence that could be acted out to educate the audience about loyalty and obedience to the monarch and empire without engaging in rebellion. The second is a religious function. As this opera was played in place of some palace rituals, the role-play of the numinous and the one of immortals in the opera had unique significance in religious rituals. These two small plays were exceptionally included in the plots, and their themes were also closely related to the whole opera and could not be arbitrarily isolated or removed. This was a very special phenomenon.


Trophic cascades have been described in many ecosystems where predation on a herbi- vore affects biomass or productivity of primary producers. While trophic cascades can be particularly strong on rocky reefs, the majority of studies are restricted to sea urchin herbivores despite the pres- ence of numerous other grazers. The present study examines the potential for predation by small fishes on New Zealand rocky reefs to suppress small invertebrate grazers (epifauna) living on brown seaweeds, with cascading effects on host seaweeds and their epiphytic algae. A trophic cascade was identified in experiments run in outdoor mesocosms. When epifaunal densities were reduced either artificially or by fish predation, seaweeds were more fouled, but less damaged, than where epifaunal populations flourished. These experimental findings were not fully consistent with patterns observed at field sites with varying fish densities. Variation in epifaunal taxonomic structure and seaweed palatability potentially dampened the cascading effect of fish predation on epifauna. Trophic cas- cades with non-urchin herbivores warrant further study, with a combination of laboratory and field work necessary to understand systems in which herbivores are difficult to manipulate.


Managing working capital involves organizing your company's short-term resources to sustain ongoing activities, mobilize funds, and optimize liquidity. The two most critical cost efficiencies are float and processing expenses.

The author gives some examples of firms using working capital management to control costs, and he includes a checklist of 20 actions companies should take to understand their working capital requirements—and produce cost savings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Experiments have been performed at high B/T to try to establish the existence and value of an anisotropy temperature (Ta) for pure 3He, and for 6.2% and 0.7% 3He-4He mixtures. The anisotropy of diffusion in dilute Fermi gases as the temperature T goes to zero has been predicted, though experimental evidence for such anisotropy has not been universally accepted.

Finite size effects have required careful analysis of the theory of the cell for the 6.2% mixture. This alters the result as determined by the usual Leggett-Rice formula. Further investigation, beyond the scope of this thesis, is currently underway for the case of pure 3He.

The possibility of using a quartz tuning fork as a viscometer has also been investigated. It is shown that tuning forks can be used field-inpendently above 3 mK in saturated 3He-4He mixtures, and to detect the superfluid A and B-phase transitions in pure 3He. It is strongly suggested from the data that the tuning fork has great potential as a high-field viscometer; however further experiments are required to fully appreciate its useful range, in both normal and superfluids.


Two-year field trials were conducted at two winegrowing districts (Kavadarci and Skopje in 2016 and 2017) to evaluate wheather oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin and flazasulfuron can replace early post-emergence (EPOST) application of glyphosate in established vineyard until its application in early summer period. The weed vegetation in vineyards in both years was consisted mainly of Chenopodium album L., Setaria viridis (L). Beauv., Papaver rhoeas L., Xanthium strumarium L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and flazasulfuron efficiently reduced predominant annual weeds and S. halepense seedlings in 2017, but not in 2016. PRE herbicides, regardless year, had no significant effect on C. dactylon. Opposite, the efficacy of EPOST applied glyphosate was significantly lower in 2017 compared to 2016. LPOST glyphosate applied at 2.0 l ha-1 provided at least 94 % control of dominant annual broadleaf and grass weeds. LPOST application of glyphosate at 2.0 l ha-1 and glyphosate at 2.0 and 4.0 l ha-1 resulted in unsatisfactory weed control of predominant perennial S. halepense, and C. dactylon, respectively. LPOST glyphosate applied at 4.0 l ha-1 provided control of S. halepense by 84 % or more. LPOST glyphosate applied at 8.0 l ha-1 reduced the amount of S. halepense and C. dactylon at least 97 %. Grapevine yield of both varieties was not lower in all herbicide treatments in 2016 compared with 2017. However, yield in the PRE herbicide treatments fb 2.0 and 4.0 l ha-1 glyphosate was collectively 15-19 % and 17-19 % lower compare to PRE herbicide treatments fb 8.0 l ha-1 glyphosate and standard two applications of glyphosate, respectively for both years and districts. No impacts to grapevine growth were observed from PRE herbicide treatments at either district


Summary.
 The first part of a series of notes and new taxa supplementary to the author's The Genus Echinocereus (1985) is presented. The following new names, based on the results of studies in the field and of documented plants in cultivation, are published: Echinocereus cinerascens var. septentrionalis (var. nov.), E. cinerascens var. tulensis (stat. nov.), E. stramineus var. occidentalis (var. nov.), E. parkeri (sp. nov.), E. parkeri var. gonzalezii (var. nov.), E. rayonesensis (sp. nov ), E. longisetus var. delaetii (stat. nov.) and E. polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (stat. nov.). In addition, the circumscription of E. viereckii var. morricalii is substantially expanded, E. freudenbergeri is reinstated as a species, and E. knippelianus is tentatively referred to Sect. Echinocereus, E. viridiflorus Group. The grouping of species in Sect. Echinocereus is revised, and the descriptions of various species in Sections 1–4 amplified.


Collaborative simultaneous localization and mapping have a great impact on various applications such as search-and-rescue and agriculture. For each agent, the key to performing collaboration is to measure the motion relative to other participants or external anchors; currently, this is mainly accompanied by (1) matching to the shared maps from other agents or (2) measuring the range to anchors with UWB devices. While requiring multiple agents to visit the same area can decrease the task efficiency and anchors demand a distribution process, this paper proposes to use a monocular camera, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and a UWB device as the onboard sensors on each agent to build an accurate and efficient centralized collaborative SLAM system. For each participant, visual-inertial odometry is adopted to estimate the motion parameters and build a local map of the explored areas. The agent-to-agent range is measured by the onboard UWB and is published to the central server together with the estimated motion parameters and the reconstructed maps. We designed a global optimization algorithm to make use of the cross-agent map match information detected by a visual place technique, and the agent-to-agent range information to optimize the motion parameter of all the participants and merge the local maps into a global map. Compared with existing collaborative SLAM systems, the proposed system can perform collaboration with onboard UWB measurements only, vision only, and a combination of these; this greatly improves the adaptiveness and robustness of the collaborative system. We also present an in-depth analysis of C2VIR-SLAM in multiple UAV real-flight datasets.


We show that in dimensions four and higher, to insure a smooth interpolant, additional geometric constraints must be imposed on the generalized Clough–Tocher split introduced in Worsey and Farin (Constr. Approx. 3:99–110, 1987).


This note presents a simple model formulation that focuses on the spatial relationships over time between timber harvesting and sediment levels in water runoff courses throughout the watershed being managed. A hypothetical example is developed to demonstrate the formulation and show how sediment objectives can be spatially defined anywhere in the watershed. Spatial sensitivity in the example is shown, indicating that, at least in some cases, tracking sediment levels below a watershed may be inadequate for achieving sediment objectives within the watershed itself.


Traditional Karak crackers made from rice with an addition of salt and "bleng". Bleng (borax) is a prohibited food additive. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of the addition of catfish to the sensory, chemical, physical characteristics, and yield. This research used Completely Randomized Design with one factor that is the amount of catfish addition. There were two experiments, the addition of raw catfish and steamed catfish. The research results would be analyzed statistically by using oneway ANOVA. If the result showed the difference then proceed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level α = 0,05. The results showed that the addition of catfish affects the characteristics of sensory, chemical, physical and yield of Karak. The higher the concentration of raw catfish in the making of the Karak, then the lower the panelist's preference toward the color, texture, and overall parameters. The higher the concentration of steamed catfish in the making of the Karak, then the lower the panelist's preference toward the color and overall parameters. The best formula based on weighting test that is the Karak with the addition of steamed catfish amounted to 10% w/w.


Loyalty program (LP) is
a popular marketing activity of enterprises. As a result of firms' effort to
increase customers' loyalty, point exchange or redemption services are now
available worldwide. These services attract not only customers but also
attackers. In pioneering research, which first focused on this LP security
problem, an empirical analysis based on Japanese data is shown to see the
effects of LP-point liquidity on damages caused by security incidents. We
revisit the empirical models in which the choice of variables is inspired by
the Gordon-Loeb formulation of security investment: damage, investment,
vulnerability, and threat. The liquidity of LP points corresponds to the threat
in the formulation and plays an important role in the empirical study because
it particularly captures the feature of LP networks. However, the actual proxy
used in the former study is artificial. In this paper, we reconsider the
liquidity definition based on a further observation of LP security incidents.
By using newly defined proxies corresponding to the threat as well as other refined
proxies, we test hypotheses to derive more implications that help LP operators
to manage partnerships; the implications are consistent with recent changes in
the LP network. Thus we can see the impacts of security investment models
include a wider range of empirical studies.


With the development of renewable energy technology, it is possible that base stations (BSs) are powered by renewable energy. In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing the on-grid energy consumption in heterogeneous cellular networks with hybrid energy supplies, and propose an energy-aware user association algorithm. The key idea of our proposed algorithm is to adaptively set the biasing factor for each small BS (SBS) according to the renewable energy storage and make more utilization of the renewable energy for minimizing the on-grid energy consumption. The proposed algorithm is compared with the max-RSRP algorithm and the traditional cell range expansion (TCRE) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the consumption of on-grid energy and improve the utilization of renewable energy in the network.