Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of fast-tracking inhalation intravenous combined anesthesia undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and compare it with total intravenous anesthesia. Methods:60 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱpatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups,with 30 cases in each group. Group A received total intravenous anesthesia;Group B received fast-tracking inhalation intravenous combined anesthesia. All patients were induced with the same medicine,Anesthesia was maintained with propofol、remifentanil and atracurium in group A and maintained with enflurane in group B.MAP,HR,PETCO2 and Consciousness recovery time,tracheal intubatton to extubation time and adverse reaction bypass surgery were observed.Results:The two groups showed non-significant differences in MAP、HR、PETCO2、blood gas analysis and adverse reaction (P0.05),The two groups showed significant differences in the dosage of propofol(290±51 to 128±38mg)、atracurium(11.6±2.1 to 7.3±2.0mg)、remifentanil(0.44±0.04 to 0.31±0.2mg)and tracheal extubation time(P0.01). Conclusion:Fast-tracking Inhalation intravenous combined anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy was quick and convenient,stable in surgery safe and effective,and could get a rapid recovery and pull out tube early.


We theoretically investigate optical bistability (OB) behaviour in a four-level atomic system confined in a unidirectional ring cavity. It is shown that OB can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the coupling field and the value of the cooperativity parameter. More importantly, our numerical results show that the threshold intensity of OB can be reduced without decreasing the range of the hysteresis loop via adjusting the effect of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) or the relative phase between two applied fields. The influence of the frequency detuning of the coupling field on the OB behaviour is also discussed.


Evolution of atomic ionization into the strong-field limit offers the opportunity to study the fundamentals of atom-laser interaction. In this study, we report on high precision measurements of the ion and electron distributions from laser-excited helium and neon atoms which reflect the changing continuum dynamics as the ionization process evolves into the pure tunneling regime. The experiments present evidence of both single- and two-electron ionization. These data provide a direct quantitative test of various theories of strong-field ionization. We show that a relatively simple semiclassical model which includes a description of a field-driven electron elastically rescattering from an accurate ion core potential reproduces the measured electron distributions for both atoms. However, using this model to calculate e-2e inelastic rescattering yields cross sections which are incompatible with the measured two-electron ionization. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


This work aims to automatically generate process controllers' VHDL implementation code amenable to be deployed into a platform integrating graphical synoptic updating. These controllers will be implemented on FPGA based reconfigurable platforms, incorporating dedicated graphical interfaces and input/output interfaces allowing its physical connection to the process under control. The system controller behavior is modeled using IOPT Petri Nets models. A tool called Animator4FPGA was developed, which achieved this goal in cooperation with other tools developed within FORDESIGN project, namely an IOPT Petri nets graphical editor, the Animator tool, and an automatic code generation tool from Petri nets to VHDL code.


The aim of this work was to describe the influence of heat treatment on structure and phase composition of Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings. Coatings were prepared using nickel lactate-hypophosphite bath; conventional AlSi10Mg0.3 cast alloy was used as a substrate. Composi te coating was prepared using commer cial Saffil fibers (Al2O3 with 4 wt. % SiO2) as reinforcement. Coated samples were heat treated at 400 – 550°C for 1 – 8 hours, structure and phase composition were studied using light microscopy and XRD phase analysis. Ni-P coated samples were used as a reference. During the heat treatment at high temperatures, the nickel diffuse into the substrate and various intermetallic phases are formed on the boundary between the surface layer and the substrate. Due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient of these intermetallics and the substrate, the coating tends to scale-off during cooling to the room temperature. It was found that the scaling can be reduced by reinforcing the coating with Al2O3 fibers.


The optimization of Emergency Medical Services is a central issue in modern healthcare systems. With this in focus, we study a data set containing medical emergencies for the years 2015--2019 from Oslo and Akershus, Norway. By developing a discrete trace-based simulation model based on the data set, we compute average response times that are used to optimize ambulance allocations to stations in the region. We study several metaheuristics, specifically genetic, stochastic local search, and memetic algorithms. These metaheuristics are tested using the simulation to optimize ambulance allocations, considering response times. The algorithms are compared against each other and a set of baseline allocation models over different time periods. The main results of our experimental simulation study are that: (i) the metaheuristics generally outperform the simpler baselines, (ii) the best-performing metaheuristic is the genetic algorithm, and (iii) the performance difference between the metaheuristics and the simpler baselines increases in situations with high demand on ambulances. Finally, we present suggestions for future work that may help to further improve upon the current state-of-the-art.


Stationary waves are vitally important in the general circulation of the atmosphere. These planetary scale waves are generally attributed to large scale orography and diabatic heating. The purpose of the present study is to investigate stationary waves as a linear response to the large scale orography and steady-state diabatic heating by developing a linear steady-state spectral model with the primitive equations in the global domain, in which Rayleigh friction and Newtonian cooling as well as biharmonic horizontal diffusion are included. We use pertubation theory to linearize the nonlinear system of primitive equations with respect to the zonally symmetric component of the dependent variables. The structure of the dependent variables is described by truncated series of spherical harmonics in the horizontal and orthogonal functions in the vertical. The model solution is obtained by way of linear superimposition of zonal waves calculated in the spectral domain for each zonal wave. The three dimensional wave activity flux, which was derived by Plumb (1985) for linear quasi-geDstrophic stationary waves on a zonal mean flow, as well as the EP flux are used as a diagnostic method for studying the three dimensional structure of wave propagation. The Plumb flux is a conservable measure of the wave activity flux which reduces to EP flux in the zonal mean, and is non-divergent for steady, conservative, linear waves. The results of this thesis may present new insights into forcing mechanisms of 3 the stationary waves. The numerical experiments for the response to idealised orography in northern middle latitudes and actual global orography show that the northern middle latitude orographic forcing, in particular the Tibetan Plateau, plays the most important role in the maintenance of the orographically forced stationary waves in the middle and upper troposphere as well as lower stratosphere, while forcing by the orographic effect of the Antarctic plateau is also very important, but restricted only to the lower troposphere of the southern high latitudes. It is also shown that middle latitude orographic forcing can play an important role in the maintenance of the planetary scale motion in the subtropics and tropics. The stationary waves induced by the climatological thermal forcing have a comparable amplitude with those forced by orographic forcing except in the lower troposphere of the Antarctic area. It might be considered that between these two categories of forcing, the orographic forcing was more important in the lower troposphere, particularly in high latitudes of the southern hemisphere, but having a lesser role in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the northern hemisphere, for the maintenance of the planetary stationary waves in northern winter. This was also supported by the longitude-pressure cross-sections of geopotential height, from which it might be concluded that the thermal and orographic forcing were comparably important in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere, while the circulation in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere is primarily orographic. However, due to the simplicity of the model, the results presented in the thesis must be treated with caution.


Abstract A convenient and efficient application of microencapsulated/methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) and MTO/pyridine systems for the selective oxidation of cardanol derivatives is reported. Environmentally friendly and low-cost H2O2 was used as the oxygen atom donor. The catalysts were stable systems for at least five recycling experiments. In the oxidation of C2 alkyl-substituted cardanol derivatives, high conversion and yields of the corresponding para-benzoquinones were obtained. By contrast, in the absence of the C2 substituent, an unprecedented oxidative degradation to di-γ-lactone derivative was observed.


Globalization and developments in digital technology paved the way for online communication, mobile penetration, and social media. Digital platforms and particularly social media have become popular sources of news and online interaction. Literature review so far reveals more than one billion social media users exist globally and use social media for shopping purposes. Hence, social media has become one of the most popular tools companies using for brand relationship building activities. The effect of social media on building customer commitment needs to be explored. This article aims to identify social media use among Turkish 18-40 years old in building commitment towards their favorite brands.


In the period from April 1998 to January 1999 macrozoobenthos of the Pusta Reka river was investigated. The Pusta Reka river is a principalwater arteryof the Pusta Reka region in southeastern Serbia. It originates from the Kurtiska, Statovacka and Dragodelska Reka rivers, joined in the village of Kruskar, and flows, 64 km further, into the Ju'na Morava river near Doljevac.The bottom fauna of the Pusta Reka river is composed of 20 groups of macroinvertebrates with 135 determined taxa, 73 being determined at the speciesand 62 at the genus level. The insect orders Ephemeroptera (25 taxa), Trichoptera (19 taxa), Diptera (19 taxa) and Coleoptera (11 taxa) are the most diverse, whereas the Isopoda and Decapoda and insects from Megaloptera and Neuroptera orders have the most uniform structure, each containing one species. In the river course near the source the Ganunaridae individuals are predominant. In the upper and middle river course, in locali ties IV, VII, VIlI, IX, X and XI, the Chironomidae larvae are prevalentwhereas in localities ill, V and VI those of Ephem eroptera. The Trichoptera larvae are the most numerous in the lower part of the river flow i.e. in the locality XI. On the basis ofbiocoenotic analysis, three biocoenotic complexes may be distinguished on the bottomof the Pusta Reka river: one specific of the river course near the source, the second is peculiarof the upper and middle river course, and the third spe cific of the lower part of the river course. It should be noted that the species Hemiclepsis marginata, Baetis niger, Ecdyo nurus aurantiacus, Helodes marginata,Blepharicerafasciata, Heptatoma pellucens, Rhyacophila pascoei, were recorded for the first time for the fauna of Serbia. UDC 592 (28) (497.11)


Trimethylsilyl derivatives of phenols and aniline give peaks in their mass spectra for tropylium and substituted tropylium ions and have the M– 15 peaks as the base peak.


In the framework of the time-dependent mean field theory, we solve the Vlasov-Nordheim equation and study the sensitive dependence of this highly non-linear equation on the initial conditions. We find that, when nuclear matter is inside the spinodal region, initially small differences between similar trajectories grow exponentially and produce strongly divergent paths resulting in a chaotic evolution. We focus on the fact that chaos spontaneously arises without putting any additional noise. We calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent for various initial densities. This analysis is performed for nuclear matter in two dimensions. It is argued that the mean field chaoticity can cause nuclear multifragmentation observed in intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions.


The model that is here presented tries to solve some of the limitations of the international real business cycles literature. The quantity anomaly described in Backus, Kehoe and Kydland (1992) shows the problems that typical models have in getting the right international correlations order between international consumptions and international outputs. The model that is here introduced, shows that using intermediate sectors in order to get a final good can achieve the desired correlations order, although other issues are worse achieved, such as the consumption relative volatility. International calibration is used in order to compare the cyclical results of this model and a typical two countries one sector model. ROYUELA MORA, VICENTE Regional Quantitative Analysis Research Group (http://www.ub.es/dpees/aqr/aqr.htm) Department of Statistics, Econometrics and Spanish Economy University of Barcelona Avda. Diagonal, 690 08034 BARCELONA Tel: +34.93.402.18.24 Fax: +34.93.402.18.21 Email: email@example.com Can a two countries two sectors model solve the quantity anomaly? 1


Abstract:Connecting the interwar Scottish Literary Renaissance with the mid-century Scottish folk revival in a 'Long Renaissance', this essay seeks to establish the centrality of sensuality to the cultural nationalisms of a group of left-nationalist Scottish intellectuals. It focuses upon the writings of Edwin and Willa Muir, Naomi Mitchison and Hamish Henderson. For them, freely expressed sensuality was integral to authentic Scottish national identity. Henderson is the connector here, and, while his, often antagonistic, relationship with Hugh MacDiarmid has traditionally been viewed as the connection between these two movements, Henderson was also influenced by the works of other Scottish Literary Renaissance writers, in particular Willa Muir and Naomi Mitchison. The Muirs and Mitchison claimed that remnants of a native pre-Scottish Reformation sensual Scottishness had survived in rural Scotland via its folk culture, and Henderson took up this idea. By exploring this group's theories about sensuality and location through memoir, novels, poetry, and travelogue, we find that there was neither cohesive political nor cultural Scottish nationalisms during this time. In so doing, we may identify the cultural pre-history of the left-wing, post-Calvinist Scottish nationalisms that emerged during the late 1960s, and shaped modern Scottish nationalisms today.


A method and apparatus for synchronizing a neighbor cache table of a backup network device and with a neighbor cache table of a master network device is provided. The master network device may send an Add command or a Delete command to the backup network device whenever entry is added or deleted from the neighbor cache table of the master network device. Further, when a new network device joins the link to become master or backup, synchronize request and synchronize acknowledge commands may be employed to synchronize the new network device with the master network device. Additionally, when a network device becomes the master, it may send an update command to enable the neighbor switch devices to update their neighbor cache table, if any, to redirect traffic to the network device. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


Abstract The Set of Balanced Permutations on [n] is studied. Some properties of its elements are proved and construction of it is obtained.


This study estimates the threshold level and the optimal range of inflation conducive for economic growth in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) with focus on Nigeria and Ghana. By an extension, the study endeavours to identify the determinants and direction of growth in these economies. The empirical model formulated is non-linear, reflecting the structure of the economies under study and requiring a conditional least squares estimation technique that has been widely used to estimate optimal inflation for both developed and developing economies. The findings strongly suggest the existence of threshold inflation levels for both countries, but not at the single digit that the WAMZ inflation convergence criterion dictates. The estimated optimal inflation ranges, however, indicate that the two countries can comply with the WAMZ single-digit inflation criterion without any significant loss of real GDP growth. The results are useful for policymakers in providing some clues in setting an optimal inflation target that is consistent with the WAMZ inflation criterion and aimed at achieving high economic growth in the two countries.


The invention provides procaine benzylpenicillin-dihydrostreptomycin sulfate oil suspension. Every 100mL of the suspension comprises the following raw materials and auxiliary materials: 20g of procaine benzylpenicillin, 20g of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate, 1g of a surfactant, 0.5-1g of a colloid protecting agent, 2-5g of a suspending agent, 0.005-0.1g of an antioxidant, and the balance of oil phase. The procaine benzylpenicillin-dihydrostreptomycin sulfate oil suspension provided by the invention is high in deposition volume ratio, good in nozzle cleaner property and re-dispersibility property, free of quality degradation after being stored for 3 months in an environment of 4-60 DEG C, stable in quality and good in clinical application prospect.


NH3 emission is increasingly becoming an environmental concern as it contributes to water eutrophication, soil acidification.Based on NH3-N emission factors and statistical data, we estimated NH3-N emissions from 1980—2005 for China.The total NH3-N emissions was 5.50 Tg in 1980, and amounted to13.38 Tg in 2005, with a total increase of 143% from 1980 to 2005, and an annual growth rate of 5.51%.The use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer was the largest source, contributing 29.4%~47.4% to the total emissions;followed by emissions from livestock excreta during housing and and storage.The spatial distribution of China's NH3-N emissions is uneven.Emissions from the Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei and Sichuan Provinces accounted for about 36.2% of total in 2005.Average annual growth rate of NH3 emission in Heilongjiang, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shandong Provinces is over 8%, while that in Tibetan is only 0.44%.


The invention discloses an intelligent electronic access control system, comprising a short message transceiver module which is mainly used for receiving various information and instructions sent by a user and sending various statuses and password information; a clock reference module can provide real time, mark the time when various operations occur and provide the time to a password generation program as reference parameters; a flash memory is used for storing various relevant operation information for inquiry of an administrator; a keyboard is used for the user to input the password to start the access control system; a communication extension interface is used for integrating a plurality of intelligent electronic access control systems as a whole to form a network so as to expand the system performance; a power module is used for supplying a stable and reliable electric energy to the system; and a single-chip microprocessor control circuit as a core of the whole system is sued for coordinating functions of each unit and controlling operation of the whole system. The intelligent electronic access control system has the effects of low cost, strong confidentiality, and convenient and flexible use, thus being especially beneficial to improve the safety management level of guest rooms in hotels and hostels with greater personnel mobility.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint has the highest prevalence among all types of rheumatic diseases. The most common symptom of knee OA is pain around the joint. Patients with OA require long treatment, especially using analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Turmeric is efficacious as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) on pain in patients with knee OA compared to placebo and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on the results of a number of previous similar studies. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: patients with knee OA. Intervention: turmeric extract. Comparison: placebo and NSAIDs. Outcome: pain reduction. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles: "Knee Osteoarthritis" OR "Knee OA" AND "Curcuma longa" OR "Curcuma domestica" OR "Turmeric extract" AND "Placebo" OR "NSAID" AND "pain" OR "visual analogue scale" OR " VASE". The articles included are full-text with RCT study designs from 2011 to 2021. The selection of articles is carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 15 RCT studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data collected from 10 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 1.60 units lower joint pain than placebo (SMD= -1.60; 95% CI= -2.23 to -0.97; p<0.001). Data from 5 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 0.06 units higher joint pain than NSAIDs. The comparison between the turmeric extract group and the NSAID group did not show any significant difference (SMD= 0.06; 95% CI= -0.10 to -0.22; p= 0.490). Conclusion: Administration of turmeric extract was more effective than placebo and not inferior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in reducing pain in patients with knee OA.


The article intends to explore how Silvio Berlusconi's body was represented by the media after he underwent cosmetic surgery in January 2004. Through a frame analysis of Italian print, The author tries to identify the conditions of production and re-production of a body that, while complying to a continuous self-care process, has not only succumbed to the constraints of a biopolitic of the body politic, but has turned them to its own advantage into a propaganda spectacle extending to the very folds of its flesh. In full compliance with the so-called media logic, and at the moment when television insists on the inner beauty of the body as it undergoes plastic surgery (from the reality show Extreme Makeover to the fiction Nip/Tuck), also the natural body or rather, the mediated body of the body politic par excellence, i.e. Berlusconi's body, has submitted itself to the forever young aesthetic creed, literally embodying the ancient motto, le Roi ne meurt jamais. Yet the photographs selected from the Italian print show the different images of Berlusconi's body: the eternally young body gives way to the sick and unhealthy body, and, finally, to the grotesque body.


Purpose:In this study, it was aimed to determination of death anxiety in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholestectomy. Patients and Methods:This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2019 and January 2020 in the general surgery service of a private hospital with 114 patients. Descriptive characteristics form and Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 program. The results were interpreted at a significance level of p <0.05. Results:Death anxiety scale total score and subscale mean scores were high in married and working patients and the difference between them was statistically significant (p <0.05). However, the average score of those who define death as fate, death; It was found to be higher than those who described it as fearful, uncertainty, end and salvation. Conclusion:It was found that the level of death anxiety was high in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The death anxiety level of the patients; It was determined that it was affected by age, marital status and employment status.


The author describes a system that provides a power network communications software package, which interfaces a series of low cost two-way radio equipped RTUs, targeting electric utility distribution automation solutions.


Background and Objectives: The preparedness of petrochemical industries against disasters is important to control risks, reduce losses and possible damages. Studies have shown that preparedness is an important factor in the disaster response phase. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing industry preparedness in fire. Methods: This study was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021, with a qualitative case study design. The population included 22 people including 12 crisis managers, three Health, Safety, and Environment chief officers, two operational commanders in the fire department, two policymakers and three university professors. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling, which continued until saturating the data. The strategies recommended by Guba and Lincoln were used for evaluating the trustworthiness of the data. The data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method according to the method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The effective components of the petrochemical industry preparedness for fire were classified into six main categories and 16 subcategories. Categories and subcategories covered fire characteristics (nature and chain of fire), policy-making (regulations, incident information documentation, and incident insurance incentives), and management factors (commitment and leadership, incident command, communication and information, and planning). The others involved support factors (equipment supply, coordination and cooperation, and training and awareness), safety culture (risk management, monitoring and auditing, inherently safe design), and sanction consequence (software and hardware). Conclusions: Many factors affect the petrochemical industry's preparedness for fire. Adopting effective management and appropriate policy regarding preparedness with strategies for promoting and developing a safety culture can improve the preparedness of petrochemical industries in disasters.


Heating [Ru2(CO)(µ-CO){µ-C(O)C2Ph2}(η-C5H5)2] with buta-1,3-diene in toluene gives [Ru2(CO)(µ-CO)2(η2-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5H5)2] which upon photolysis yields [Ru2(CO)2(µ-s-trans-η2:η2′-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5H5)2] and [Ru2(CO)(µ-CO)(µ-σ:η3-CHCHCHCH3)(η-C5H5)2], the latter arising from a new transformation of the diene. These complexes cannot be obtained directly from [Ru2(CO)4(η-C5H5)2], but photolysis of [Ru2(CO)4(η-C5Me5)2] with buta-1,3-diene affords the analogues [Ru2(CO)2(µ-s-trans-η2:η2′-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5Me5)2] and [Ru2(CO)(µ-CO)2(η2-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5Me5)2]. Heating [Ru3H3(CO)3(η-C5H5)3] with buta-1,3-diene in toluene gives [Ru2(CO)(µ-CO)2(η2-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5H5)2] and [Ru2(CO)2(µ-s-trans-η2:η2′-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5H5)2], or[Ru2(CO)(µ-CO)(µ-σ:η3-CHCHCHCH3)(η-C5H5)2] depending on minor modification of the conditions. The molecular structure of [Ru2(CO)2(µ-s-trans-η2:η2′-CH2CHCHCH2)(η-C5H5)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure was solved by heavy-atom methods and refined by least squares to give a final R 0.038 for 838 unique, observed diffractometer data. Crystals are monoclinic, space group I2, with Z= 2 in a unit cell of dimensions a= 11.544(6), b= 7.841(4), c= 8.622(4)A, and β= 103.36(4)°. The molecule consists of a (CO)(η-C5H5)Ru–Ru(η-C5H5)(CO) unit with trans CO and η-C5H5 ligands, symmetrically bridged by a buta-1,3-diene ligand in the s-trans conformation so that each Ru atom is η2 co-ordinated. Compared to unco-ordinated buta-1,3-diene and other complexes with s-trans-buta-1,3-diene similarly co-ordinated, the terminal CC bonds are significantly elongated [1.486(15)A], consistent with substantial back-donation to the diene lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and depopulation of the diene highest occupied molecular orbital.


Accurate strain/stress characterization has important implications in practice, where it is typically connected with safe operation of engineering components. Improving the accuracy and spatial resolution of the measurement techniques can be therefore very beneficial for materials science by helping the understanding of complex material behaviour and the development of novel materials with improved properties. Strain measurement by diffraction methods is based on Bragg's law, which in the case of a strained crystal predicts a shift of the diffraction peaks compared to their position measured on a reference state. Classically, this shift is determined as the difference between the corresponding absolute peak positions, which requires in many cases accurate knowledge of (i) the geometrical setup and its stability, (ii) the calibration sample, and (iii) a well matching mathematical model of the intensity distribution. In view of this large number of parameters it is intriguing to ask what the accuracy of today's X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods is and which are the possible ways of improvement. Limiting our survey to methods able to determine the strain tensor at micrometre scale, one can rapidly find that the error of most strain tensor components is about a few times 10 . Transformed to stress (using Young's modulus of 100 GPa) this represents an uncertainty of tens of MPa, which might be too large for the study of certain phenomena, such as for example the plastic yield of metals. Therefore, efforts are continuously undertaken to ameliorate the precision of the evaluation methods. The majority of the solutions, however, concern point (i), suggesting the use of large area detectors with many pixels and without distortion, or fixing instabilities of the wavelength or micro-spot position by applying more stable optical elements. Progress in this case depends on technical advancement, which sometimes might be slow compared to the needs of the scientific community. Increasing strain/stress accuracy when working with conventional setups needs, therefore, a paradigm change, i.e. a method different from the classical approach based on absolute peak positions. Two recently published articles by Petit et al. (2015) and Zhang et al. (2015) break the tradition and introduce evaluation schemes based on the shift of diffraction peaks determined by digital image correlation (DIC). This new idea, which plays a central role in experimental mechanics, is applied in both papers to white-beam Laue microdiffraction, a popular method often analysed in terms of error sources impeding accurate determination of the deviatoric strain tensor (Hofmann et al., 2011; Poshadel et al., 2012). As argued by Petit et al. (2015), the gain in accuracy of the Laue-DIC method is related to two factors: (a) the smaller uncertainty of the peak shift determined by DIC and (b) the higher sensitivity of the merit function expressing peak positions as a function of reference cell parameters, compared to the sensitivity of the gradient of the merit function, the latter appearing in the formulation of Laue-DIC. From the point of view of the error sources highlighted above it becomes clear that the new approach eliminates the uncertainties related to the choice of an adequate mathematical model describing the experimental intensity distribution. The authors emphasize that relatively good fits can be obtained for the spots of the non-deformed reference specimen using Gaussian or Pearson VII profiles, but already as the specimen is strained, peak quality deteriorates and the uncertainty in peak position increases above 0.1 pixel, characteristic for the reference peaks. Compared to this the uncertainty of DIC is one order of magnitude ISSN 1600-5767


Boras City Transportation Corporation (BCTC) is a municipal transportation company responsible for all public transportation in Boras, where about 60,000 people live in the urban area. BCTC's activity and development during all of the 1980s have been based on offering municipality's residents a public transportation system that is adapted to the market. BCTC's range of transportation services for different target groups is to be oriented to demand and adjusted to need. BCTC perceives its main role as that of a service company which devotes great care to the needs of various passengers in connection with their travels – e.g. information, service from both company and drivers, and vehicles designed for the passengers' comfort. With such an attitude, there are good opportunities to widen the consumer base for public transportation.


Whether or not the educational theory can apply to educational practice does not lie in the personal willingness of the researchers or in the quality of their researches, but in the educational system as well as the open and rational levels. Therefore, substantial reforms of the educational system pave the way for the sake of educational objectivity, adaptability and genuineness, so much so that the educational theory can apply to educational practice.


Chinese students studying in Taiwan provide a possible approach for Taiwan to overcome international position dilemmas. Regarding changes in participants' acceptance of Taiwanese international participation, we found that 43.75% exhibited increased acceptance. The regression model employed in this research explained 26.36% of the variance.


Objective To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of survivin in gastric cancer.Method All available literature of randomized case-control trials about survivin and gastric cancer from January 1992 to February 2012 were analyzed.According to the inclusion criteria,12 studies were selected.The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 and Stata11.0 software.Results As for the positive rate of survivin expression,significant differences were tested between gastric cancer versus normal gastric issues,lymph node metastasis versus non-lymph node metastasis,TNMⅠ~Ⅱversus TNM Ⅲ~Ⅳ,poor differentiation versus well differentiation,T1+T2 versus T3+T4 with OR(95%CI) at 47.96(28.44,80.86),2.71(1.42,5.20),0.22(0.14,0.33),0.56(0.40,0.79) and 0.30(0.20,0.44),respectively.Conclusion Survivin may be participated the whole course of carcinogenesis of gastric cancer,which might be valuable for the early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.


Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) patients are at risk for having a low Vitamin D (VD) level. VD level has been correlated with cancer incidence, pulmonary disease and infection. VD also has immunomodulatory properties and reports suggest that a low VD level increases the incidence of chronic GVHD and may impact mortality in HCT. HCT morbidity and mortality is attributed to infection, organ system toxicity, GVHD and recurrent disease. Identifying a correctable factor that would reduce the occurrence or severity of these complications would be beneficial. It is possible that VD may have significant effect on outcome after HCT due to its described properties. Normal VD level may infer better outcome for HCT patients by improving response in or preventing infection, protecting organ function, decreasing risk of relapse and/or decrease incidence or severity of GVHD. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between VD level and morbidity and mortality after HCT. We therefore studied VD levels pre- and post-HCT to determine if there was an impact of VD level on these outcomes.

Patients and Methods Two hundred and fifty patients underwent myeloblative or non-myeloablative HCT between 3/12/2009 and 10/29/2012 at our institution. Baseline demographic data, disease characteristics, transplant variables and outcomes data were obtained from the transplant database. These data were supplemented by retrospective chart review for VD levels prior to transplant, at day 100 and 1 year post-HCT. Data were collected through day 100 for occurrence of infection and admissions to the ICU. Categories for VD level included normal (≥30 ng/ml) or abnormal (<30 ng/ml). Patient characteristics were compared using the Chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. The logrank test was used to compare the survival curves between groups, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to measure the association between outcomes (mortality, relapse, acute or chronic GVHD) and VD level.

Results Of the 250 patients undergoing HCT VD level was performed on 180 (72%) patients pre-HCT, 149 (60%) patients at day 100 post-HCT and 81 (32%) patients at 1 year post-HCT. The rate of acute or chronic GVHD was not significantly associated with VD level pre or post-HCT. Overall infection risk was not significant pre or post-HCT but when sorted by type of infection bacterial infection (p=0.01), radiologic evidence of pulmonary nodules/consolidation (p=0.03), and ICU admissions (p=0.0313) within the first 100 days post-transplant were significantly increased in patients who had a low VD level at day 100 post -HCT. Pre-HCT and 1 year post-HCT VD level did not impact mortality or relapse but there was a significant increase in one year mortality (p=0.02, HR = 5.99) and relapse (p = 0.03, HR=9.47) in patients who had a low VD level at day 100 post-HCT.

![Figure 1][1]

Figure 1
Mortality at 1 Year by Day 100 Post-HCT by VD Level

![Figure 2][1]

Figure 2
Relapse at 1 Year by day 100 Post-HCT VD Level

![Figure 3][1]

Figure 3
Bacterial Infection, Lung Infection and ICU Admissions by Day 100 Post-HCT VD Level

Discussion This study shows that VD may play a significant role in bacterial infection, pulmonary infection, ICU admission, mortality and relapse after HCT. Those patients with a low VD level at day 100 post-HCT had significantly worse outcomes for relapse and mortality. Those patients with a low VD level at day 100 post-HCT had a higher incidence of lung infection, bacterial infection and admission to the ICU. In contrast to previous studies, we found no correlation between VD level and incidence of acute or chronic GVHD. This study is one of the largest reported and the first to our knowledge that reports decreased risk of certain types of infection (bacterial and lung), mortality and relapse in those with an adequate VD level receiving HCT. It is possible that supplementation of VD to keep levels ≥30 would reduce these complications of HCT. Future prospective study of VD is warranted. Finding a low cost and easy to administer therapy (such as VD replacement) that would reduce morbidity, mortality and relapse in the HCT population is needed.

Disclosures: Reeder: Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding.

 [1]: pending:yes


As a new application of modern traffic, vehicle networks need to deal with more and more information which makes it urgent for messages to access the channel in an orderly and reasonable way. However, most of the existing message access mechanisms used static queue allocation, which cannot meet the current requirement of vehicle networks. In light of this, we propose an improved Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol of IEEE 802.11p called DQ-EDCA by introducing the dynamic priority queue management mechanism. DQ-EDCA can dynamically adjust priority queue allocation for data frames by prioritizing different message into a reasonable queue according to its access type and the real-time monitoring and pre-estimating the transmission delay, which can achieve the effects of sending important and urgent messages in a timely manner and preventing low real-time messages from being suspended for a long time. Finally, we evaluate the performance of throughput and transmission delay of the proposed scheme compared to other available schemes, and results show that the proposed scheme can improve the efficiency of the network significantly.


Background and Aim:  This study analyzes the effect of the val227ala variant of the peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor‐alpha (PPAR‐α) on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.


Many woody shrubs and trees are propagated by rooting green, leafy cuttings (softwood or semihardwood) because of poor rooting response from dormant hardwood cuttings. However, this method limits cutting propagation to a short period each year. As a group of scientists, we've developed a system that allows for production of softwood cuttings during the dormant season, which could free propagation workers for field production during spring and summer.


Analysis indicates that investments in gender equality can accelerate economic growth and poverty reduction. However despite increasing interest in the growth effects of inequality and a resurgence of concern over gender discrimination there is little to suggest that gender differentiation is consistently or effectively addressed in growth policy formulation or implementation. The evidence suggests that gender inequality and womens limited capacity to respond to economic opportunity inhibits growth via three main channels: Education affects womens capacity to make effective choices about employment family planning and investments in children; Labour market participation impacts productivity income and savings; Institutions govern womens asset use time burden and intra and extra household bargaining positions. There are serious limitations in current analysis resulting partly from lack of data and partly from the difficulties in examination of complex information. Creating better data and improving analysis are obviously priorities for well informed growth policy. In addition though and even prior to better informed policy development there is sufficient proof currently available to begin the process of addressing the detrimental growth and poverty effects of gender inequality. (excerpt)


In this study a method has been developed for automatic postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF) detection, which has been used to examine the episode incidence and burden and the relation between these variables for patients suffering from new-onset PoAF in the five days after open chest surgical aortic valve replacement. A combination of an algorithm for R-peak detection and an AF detection function made by Applied Biomedical Systems BV was used to enable automatic AF detection for episodes of minimally 30 seconds. For the population (n=18) with a total registration time of 1590 hours the weighted mean incidence per 24 hours was 12.73(±12.98) and the weighted mean burden ratio 0.105 (±0.168) within the six days after surgery. The second postoperative day shows the highest episode incidence, though insignificant. The burden remains fairly constant from the second until the fifth postoperative day. No correlation is observed between incidence and burden. As longer episodes have a different effect on severity of PoAF and prognosis, the burden might be a new indicator for this. Further research could focus on investigating a larger population,variation in episode length and correlation between PoAF episodes and hemodynamic factors.


Lettuce grown in a pot test using the surface soil layer of three golf course sites contaminated with mercurial fungicides contained up to 317 ng Hg/g as compared with no more than 36 ng Hg in plants grown in corresponding deeper soil layers containing much less Hg. In another experiment with 10 crop species, addition of phenylmercuric acetate to a loam soil at the rate of 5,000 ng Hg/g increased the Hg content of several of the species slightly over that found in the controls. The highest amount found was about 440 ng Hg/g in soybean vines and potato tops. The concentration tended to be lower in the edible portion (fruit, grain or roots) than in the remainder of the plants. In an incubation experiment where phenylmercuric acetate was added to seven soils and two clay-sand mixtures at the rate of 5,000 ng Hg/g, the retention of added Hg against volatilization varied from 41% in a sandy subsoil to 97% in a peat. Addition of flowers of sulfur was effective in preventing volatilization of Hg from the soils, ...


The neuroanatomical linkage that emerges from a normal part of business experience—the reaction to success and also to failure (especially if that failure happens to someone else)—is the focus of this column.


We derive a residual based a-posteriori error estimate for the outer normal derivative of approximations to Poisson's problem. By analyzing the solution of the adjoint problem, we show that error indicators in the bulk may be defined to be of higher order than those close to the boundary, which lead to more economic meshes. The theory is illustrated with some numerical examples.


We have examined four molecular glasses (MGs) which are candidates for EUV photoresist formulations. These derivatized glasses, and their unprotected precursors, were investigated by both proton and 13C solid state NMR techniques in the bulk state as pure materials and as mixtures with 5 or 10 % by mass of the photoacid generator (PAG), triphenyl sulfonium perfluorobutanesulfonate. The 13C techniques gave information about crystallinity, purity, and the presence of the PAG. This paper characterizes the intimacy of mixing of the PAG and the MGs using proton spin diffusion methods. Phase separation of the PAG into PAG-rich larger domains was never seen; the PAG was always finely distributed. A maximum diameter for any PAG clustered into spherical domains was estimated to be 3.8 nm, which is too small to reflect thermodynamic incompatibility as the driving force during relatively slow removal of solvent. Hence, PAG blended samples are deduced to be thermodynamically compatible, with differential solubility in the preparation solvent the most likely candidate for producing the significant inhomogeneities in PAG concentration observed in a few samples. For one of the unprotected crystalline calix[4]resorcinarenes precursor materials, the solvent, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used. The resulting solid was crystalline with a segregation of isomers, one of which formed a solid adduct with a 1:1 molecular ratio with NMP. Qualitatively, the strong NMP affinity for the calix[4]resorcinarenes is also evident in a) the immobility of the NMP, b) the fact that the 14N quadrupolar interaction changes when NMP goes from the crystalline, unprotected host to a glassy, protected host, and c) that NMP tends to remain as a significant residue. Only the underivatized materials display crystallinity implying that the mixing of the PAG with any derivatized MG is not restricted by crystallization, at least not before the post-exposure bake step. As a final note, very strong hydrogen bonds exist in three underivatized materials which is reduced or eliminated with partial protection with t-BOC.


A picosecond thermoreflectance measurement system in the National Research Laboratory of Metrology has been improved by introducing a 'rear heating/front probing'configuration. Both rear heating/front probing and conventional front heating/front probing thermoreflectance signals can be observed for thin films deposited on transparent substrates. The analytical solution of the temperature response is presented. It considers the penetration depth of a heating beam and a probe beam, and is derived based on the response function method. These analyses were applied to an aluminium thin film, nominally 100 nm thick, deposited on a Pyrex 7740 glass substrate. The thermal diffusivity calculated from the front heating/front probing thermoreflectance signal is 30% smaller than that of the bulk aluminium. The thermal diffusivity calculated from the rear heating/front probing thermoreflectance signal is 6.2% smaller than that of the bulk aluminium.


no specific reactivity for epidermal proteins. These findings may mean that autoimmunity mediated by a monoclonal IgA-j antibody against an unknown epidermal antigen may exhibit an affinity that is not enough to be detected by ELISA or immunoblotting. Another possibility is that the unknown antigen may be modified during the molecular procedure, giving rise to negative results. Further investigations are needed to define the specificity and significance of these results.


Much has been written regarding large firm mergers and acquisitions, but there is a dearth of literature on SMEs (small-to-medium-sized firms) acquiring other SMEs. Countless difficulties are experienced when one SME acquires another, particularly integration issues. A new model is proposed for the acquiring SME that will improve the chances of successful integration of two small businesses. This model is based on the utilization of counterinsurgency (COIN) tactics as employed by the United States military and others.


A quadrature 650 MHz direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) with linear phase and frequency modulation capabilities is realized in a 130 nm BiCMOS process. The DDFS supports stretch processing pulse compression for a single chip radar transceiver (RoC). The design features a partial dynamic rotation (PDR) Cordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) for the phase to sine and cosine mapping functions (SCMF), a 32 bit phase accumulator with a 0.23 Hz frequency resolution at native operating frequency, 32 bit linear frequency modulation (LFM), 14-bit linear phase modulation (LPM), additive dithering for randomization of phase truncation spurs, two inverse sinc functions for zero-order hold (ZOH) transfer function correction of the DAC, stretch processing radar control circuitry and two twelve bit CMOS current steering DACs.


An approach for cinematic analysis of mechanical assembled unit is presented. The equation for study of reciprocating movement of safety overflow valve is defined. We give the values of limiting technological parameters. Base these limiting conditions for pressure and rate of transported fluids developed a simulating model. Thus we are searching for collision, between components in composed assembled unit and are grounded the values for regulation of limiting conditions of flexible element in designed product. The results could be used for training of students of master degree and post-graduated students in this field of CAD design, as well as for creating animation models of assembled units in engineer design.


2 parthenocarpic lines and 2 non-parthenocarpic lines of cucumber were crossed by half mating design.The rate of parthenocarpic fruit set of parent and F1 were checked before flowered by clutching flowers.Hybrid combination was made by GriffingⅡ.Experiment date was accorded to the Hayman method to analyse.M32 has the highest general combining ability.M36×M32 has the highest specific combining ability.The broad-sense heritability is 94.93%.The average dominance is 0.989 1.The heredity of parthenocarpy was correspondent with the additive-dominant model,the additive effect was major.In order to breed F1 with high parthenocarpic ability,the parents with high parthenocarpic ability were needed.


ENDANGERED SPECIESThe decision last week by an international body to permit trade with Japan in ivory taken from elephants in three African nations is expected to put additional pressure on the dwindling number of Asian elephants, too.


for persons providing labor and materials for Federal construction projects. H.R. 1442. An act to amend the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 to continue and extend authority for transfers to State and local governments of certain property for law enforcement, public safety, and emergency response purposes. H.R. 2454. An act to assure the long-term conservation of mid-continent light geese and the biological diversity of the ecosystem upon which many North American migratory birds depend, by directing the Secretary of the Interior to implement rules to reduce the overabundant population of mid-continent light geese. H.R. 2614. An act to amend the Small Business Investment Act to make improvements to the certified development company program , and for other purposes. H.R. 2615. An act to amend the Small Business Act to make improvements to the general business loan program, and for other purposes. The message further announced that the House disagrees to the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 2488) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to sections 105 and 211 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2000, and agrees to the conference asked by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon; and appoints the following members as managers of the conference on the part of the House: For consideration of the House bill, and the Senate amendment, and modifications committed to conference: Mr. At 4:05 p.m., a message from the House of Representatives, delivered by Mr. Hanrahan, one of its reading clerks, announced that the Speaker has signed the following enrolled bill: S. 880. An act to amend the Clean Air Act to remove flammable fuels from the list of substances with respect to which reporting and other activities are required under the risk management plan program, and for other purposes. The enrolled bill was signed subsequently by the President pro tempore (Mr. THURMOND). At 6:20 p.m., a message from the House of Representatives, delivered by Mr. Hanrahan, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House disagrees to the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 2587) making appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia and other activities chargeable in whole or in part against revenues of said District for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000, and for other purposes and agrees to the conference asked by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of …


This paper presents a novel approach for device-to-device transmission. The proposed method has a variety of transmission modes that can be used interchangeably according to network traffic. With this method, much better overall system performance can be achieved.


Introduction to Social and Cultural Research in Information Systems Psychology of Thai Family Business and Its Influences on Organizational Structure The Adoption of Information Technology by Thai Agricultural Cooperatives: A Response to Government Policy The Influence of Thai Culture on Requirements Engineering Process Information Systems Implementation in Thailand - A Cultural Analysis EIS Development in Thailand Using Prototyping Approach: A Government Organization Case Study e-Commerce and Its Challenges for Globalization - A Social Perspective e-Commerce in Thai SMEs Online Advertising: Is It for the Thais? The Culture Awareness Model for Development and Implementation of IS


In situ and laboratory incubation experiments in a fringing reef in the Gulf of Aqaba were performed to study degradation rates of particulate organic matter in reef sediments. Coral mucus, clam eggs, and zooxanthellae were used as model particulate organic compounds for these experiments. Aerobic and anaerobic mineralization rates were calculated by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and O2 fluxes from the sediments under different particulate organic matter additions. Fast enhancement (approximately twofold) of O2 and DIC fluxes were found with the addition of coral mucus and clam eggs compared with control incubations without addition. Most of the degradation is believed to have occurred anaerobically rather than aerobically (DIC:O2 ratios were 4.3–28.1). Higher degradation rates of coral mucus and clam eggs were estimated in carbonate sediment than in silicate sediment (1.2–1.6-fold), which was attributed to the different physical and chemical properties of both sediments. Our study shows the significance of the reef sediment as a suitable site for microbial degradation of particulate organic material excreted from different reef community organisms. This may increase the regeneration of nutrients in the reef environment necessary to sustain high biological productivity.


Purpose: Our radiation oncology department has implemented PET/CT simulation having performed over 125 procedures in the past year. Dedicated PET/CT simulator eliminates the need to fuse outside PET studies and provides scans in the treatment position. However, PET/CT brings special challenges that must be managed to ensure image quality, spatial accuracy, efficient process flow, accurate target definition, and radiation safety.Materials/Methods: In January 2005 our department began providing F‐18 FDG PET/CT simulations on a GE Discovery ST hybrid scanner and GE Advantage Sim software (GE Healthcare, Waukesha WI). Patients were immobilized on a flat table insert, injected, scanned, and had isocenters placed. Phantom studies were performed to ensure spatial accuracy and image quality of the automated fusion software. Studies included measurement of displacement of table height due to patient weight. Due to the time spent adjacent to the patient and the expected high exposure rates, process flow was modified in order to reduce staff exposure. Results/Discussion: Our department was able to confirm spatial accuracy of the automated fusion via phantom studies to meet manufacturer specifications. However, we did reveal a significant table deflection of up to 10mm from the external lasers to the inside bore of the CT scanner which caused a change in scan protocol. Contouring window levels were studied with similar phantoms to determine appropriate settings. Process flow was aided by the hiring of an experienced, certified nuclear medicine technologist to assist the radiation therapists. Additionally, we implemented the process of immobilizing the patient prior to injection to reduce staff exposure. We determined in a separate study dose rates of up to 94μSv/hr at 15 cm from the patient. Conclusion: Dedicated PET/CT simulation in radiation oncology departments is a useful modality, but can add to time and complexity to the simulation workflow.


Six phoronids from the west coast of North America, Phoronis vancouverensis, Phoronis pallida, Phoronis psammophila, Phoronis ovalis, Phoronopsis harmeri, and one that is possibly Phoronis architecta, are described. Phoronopsis harmeri is considered to be synonymous with Phoronopsis viridis. Taxonomic relationships within the Phoronidea are discussed. It is suggested that the phylum may most naturally be divided into four categories of wide geographic range. The characteristics of each of these categories are discussed.


Abstract : The main purpose of the work was to develop and demonstrate manufacturing techniques and processes for the production of resonant gate transistors. Two particular resonant frequencies (3 KHz and 30 KHz) were chosen as samples for demonstration purposes. In the photo-masking operations, KMER coatings were used and special procedures developed. Evaporated Ti-Au system was developed. Electro-plating techniques for Ni and Au were modified for actual manufacturing purposes. Finally, a manufacturing dicing technique was developed to protect the delicate dangling cantilever during the dicing and mounting operations. From the unbalanced pilot production, final operable device yields of about 58% and 52% were obtained for the 3 KHz and the 30 KHz designs, respectively. For the 3 KHz design, 92% of the operable units were within plus or minus 10% of the designed resonant frequency; for the 30 KHz, 95%. Various environmental tests indicated that most of the devices could be stored at 150C or be operated at 75C for 500 hours or more without failure, could withstand thermal shock test, vibration fatigue test at 5 g level and the centrifuge test at 250 g level. The devices could also withstand the variable frequency vibration test provided the test frequency was not near the resonant frequency of the device. Mechanical shock test proved most catastrophic to the RGT with only 50% passing the test at the 150 g level. (Author)


Whether on the surface or on the essence,the lay practitioner is always the fundamental force of the Buddhism.They have made a great contrubite to the Tibetan Buddhism.Such as,cultivating the Buddhism,offering sacrifices to the Monk,translating the Buddhist scriptures,practising Buddhism,teaching appenratics and building temples.Therefor,because the whole Tibetan nation all believe in Buddhism and E-Buddhism,so the layman pay attention to have studied under one's teacher,also to the Esoterica Buddhism.


It is uncommon for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to present with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) as the initial presentation. To diagnose this in a young male with no renal involvement is further uncommon. We report a case of a 16-yearold boy, who presented with hemoptysis and was eventually diagnosed as DAH with underlying SLE. Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressant helped in rapid recovery from this potentially life-threatening condition. This case highlights the need of defining diagnostic criteria for SLE in patients presenting as DAH and formulating guidelines for treatment of the same, especially in absence of co-existing lupus nephritis. Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common multisystem disease of middle-aged females presenting typically with cutaneous, rheumatological and renal manifestations. We present a case of a young boy who presented with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and was diagnosed as SLE, without active renal involvement. In view of no treatment guidelines for the same, he was treated with steroid and cyclophosphamide with a dramatic response and the patient went into remission.


Asthma is an
alle
rgic disorder that has
incidence worldwide. Although many treatments are
available, new therapies are necessary, because most of them cause strong side
-
effects to the
patients.
Nidularium procerum
(Np)
is a Bromeliaceae, lo
calized
mainly in Rio de Jan
eiro
state. Studies p
erformed in our laboratory
demonstrated that treatment with
Np
leaves
in mice
,
inhibited allergy, inflammation and nociception.
In the model of
murine
allergic inflammation,
the ethanol extract of
N. procerum
leaves
(NpEt)
, v. o.,
was
effective in inhibiting eosinophils
migration
to the lungs
in 58 % at a dose of 1 mg/kg. To determine the true efficacy of the
extract
,
we
tested
this
dose in
a model of
established
asthma
.
NpEt treatment
with doses of 1
and 10 mg/kg (one or twice daily),
after the onset of the disease, had no effect on eosinophil
migration,
the
treatment
with
aerosolization were not effective either.
I
ncrea
sing the dose to
100 and 500 mg
/kg resulted
in
an
indication
of
inhibition
, but with low efficiency.
So
,
NpEt
was frac
tionated using
solvents of increasing
polarity giving
hexane (
NpEtFH
),
dichloromethane
(
NpEtFD
),
ethyl acetate (NpEtFAe),
butane
(NpEtFB
) and aqueous
(
NpEtFAq
) fractions
.
In vitro
experiments were
performed
with
T
lymphocytes, mast cells and
eosinophils.
N
pEtFB
and
NpEtFAq
did
not
have
effect on lymphocytes
.
NpEtFD
inhibited all
the studied
aspects
but
due to
its toxicity
, demonstrated by apoptosis assay
.
NpEtFAe
was
the
one which
inhibited the prolifer
ation and cytokine release,
without
toxicity.
NpEt did
not
impair T cell proliferation
, but it modulated negatively the release of IFN
-
γ.
R
egard
ing to mast
cells,
neither the extract nor the
fractions was toxic
, some of them
modulate
d
IL
-
8
release
and
all inhibited the expression of COX2
in a 8
-
h
our
culture
. Analyzing eosinophils, we found
that
all
fractions
were able to inhibit lipid
bodies
production at
10 μg/mL
and/or
50 μg/mL
. Since
NpEtFAe
negatively modulated
all
the cells tested, we verified
its efficacy in the model
of
established
asthma
. We observed that
NpEtFAe
was able to inhibit
the migration of eosinophils
and the
release of IgE
significantly,
however,
NpEtFAe
did not interfere
in hyperreactivity. As
NpEtFAe
was effective to prevent some asthma
features
, even in the
established asthma, we
tested
it
in the model of chronic asthma.
NpEtFAe
treatment decreased
eosinophils number in
the lungs (it was no significant due to animal number) and it had no effect on
hyperreactivity
.
Other experiments are necessary to better elucidate the results. With this data, we suggest the
NpEtFAe, can
be a good alternative to asthma treatment.


This article is based on an Educational Research and Development (R & D) which was conducted in order to develop materials for teaching integrated skills (listening and speaking) to the fifth semester students of D 3 English Program at University of Merdeka Malang. The materials themselves were intended to be used to teach and learn not only skills but American culture as well. As the human instrument, the researcher was helped by secondary instruments such as questionnaires, checklist and observation. To develop the materials, two essential steps proposed by Graves (1996) and material evaluation and selection step proposed by Cunningsworth (1995) were thoroughly applied in the research.


In the film forming method for forming grooves film on the object to be processed (W), an insulating layer 122 made of a low-k film is formed on a surface having a recess (2) comprising a Mn, a hydrophilic treatment on the surface of the insulating layer embodiment to have a hydrophilizing step, a hommak forming step of the groove forming film comprising a Mn by performing the film forming process by using the Mn-containing raw material to the surface of the hydrophilic insulating the process is executed layer to the surface of hydrophilic. As a result, the relative dielectric constant, for the hommak, containing Mn surface for example of an insulating layer made of a low low-k film to form the MnOx efficiently.


We report the generation of neutral, negatively charged and positively charged excitons in the same single InAs quantum dot in a controlled manner. The control parameters of the respective excitons are a vertical electric field, applied to a capacitor‐like structure in which the quantum dots are embedded, and optical pump power. We have already established that Coulomb blockade can be exploited to control the charge of excitons containing one hole, the neutral exciton, X0, and the singly negatively charged exciton, X1−. We extend this concept to excitons containing 2 holes, the biexciton, 2X0, and significantly the singly positively charged exciton, X1+. We support these assignments with a Coulomb blockade (CB) model. The emission from X1− is always redshifted from X0, but surprisingly we observe blue‐ as well as redshifts for X1+ from X0.


This paper presents an error analysis in locating multiple incoherent sound sources in three dimensional space in real time by using a newly developed hybrid approach. The underlying principle of this hybrid approach consists of modeling of sound radiation from point sources in a free field, triangulation, and signal processing techniques. The impacts of target source locations and signal to noise ratio on the results are examined. Experimental results show that errors in source localization consist of primarily two components: biased and random errors. The former seems to be caused by the fact that the formulations used in acoustic modeling are for a free field, whereas the measurement environment is a non‐free field. The latter is mainly caused by fluctuations in the source levels. To account for these errors, empirical formulations are developed and validated again in experiments with different settings. Results demonstrate that these empirical formulations can significantly improve the accuracy and sp...


The present invention relates to dual-single variable duty cycle circuit, which includes a first differential pair transistors M1, M2 and the second differential pair M3 tube a reverse ratio, a gate connected to a first differential input signal to the transistor M1, the drain by blocking capacitor C1 is connected to the gate of the second differential transistor M2, the drain of the second differential pair of the first differential transistor M2 and the drain of the transistor M1 is extremely differential output terminal, a first differential pair transistor M1 and the source two differential source of transistor M2 are both connected to a current source; a gate connected to the inverted ratio of transistor M3 supply voltage, a drain connected to the gate of the second differential transistor M2, the source of transistor M3 and the reverse ratio by R1, R2 It is connected to the midpoint of the voltage dividing circuit composed. The present invention is limited only by a single double switch circuit, the differential output can be adjusted while achieving a duty ratio of a simple configuration; R1 and R2 by setting the value of the duty cycle of the output waveform is adjusted to 50%.


Engineers have been aware for some time of the phenomenon of superconvergence, whereby there exist (stress) points at which the accuracy of a finite-element solution is superior to that of the approximation generally. This phenomenon has been treated in recent years by mathematicians who have proved, for certain two-dimensional secondorder elliptic problems, superconvergent error estimates for retrieved finite-element derivatives. These results have demanded high global regularity of the solutions of the bondary value problems. In this present article cut-off functions are used to prove similar superconvergence results over interior subdomains. This allows superconvergence estimates to be derived for problems with solutions of low global regularity, particularly those involving singularities.


One of the problems in high-speed railways is the influence and vibrations of bridges caused by moving trains. This problem significantly differs from the problems of road bridges for the following reasons. Firstly, the loads caused by the moving train on the bridge are repeated in nature, as a consecutively rotating loads (wheel), implying that certain frequencies will be caused on the bridge during the passage of the train. In contrast, the loads implied on the road are random in nature, expressed through wheel loads and the distance between the wheels. Secondly, high-speed trains can move at a speed much higher than vehicles moving along the road, which makes it possible for the excitation frequency to coincide with the oscillation frequencies of the bridge, which leads to the so-called resonance effect. Whenever the resonance condition is reached, the reaction of the bridge will be constantly amplified, since there are heavy moving loads passing through the bridge. This effect could hardly be observed on road bridges. Thirdly, the mass ratio of vehicles on the bridge is usually larger due to the fact that the train consists of several coupled cars and the railway track is relatively narrow, it has no more than two tracks in most cases. In contrast, a road bridge may be so large that it can afford four or more lanes for vehicles moving in the opposite direction. For this reason, the interaction between moving vehicles causes a greater reaction for the road bridge than for the railways.


Swirling flows have been widely used, for many years, in technical applications, such as aeronautics, spray drying, combustion, etc. Introducing swirl in turbulent jets causes an increase in jet growth, rate of entrainment and rate of decay of the jet. In spray systems, the swirl motion is generally imparted to the liquid jet in order to favour its fragmentation, but in coaxial atomization application, due to his higher momentum, the dynamic of the flow is controlled by the gas jet. As a consequent, we examine the effect of a swirling coaxial gas on the atomization of a liquid jet as a function of the rotation intensity, given by the swirl number S, and the momentum flux ratio J. The main results were: no major changes in the jet development for low swirl but, when a critical amount of rotational flow is imparted to the stream, the topology of the flow is significantly modified. This transition leads to an improvement of the atomization characterized by a decrease in the jet break-up length and in the distribution of mean droplet diameters. The second kind of flow is linked with the apparition of a stagnation point on the jet centreline and thus a recirculation region, which occurrence depends on the value of the momentum flux ratio. The apparition of this particular flow topology must improve the stabili zation of the cryogenic flame. INTRODUCTION A great challenge in liquid propellant rocket engine is to ensure a good stabili zation of the cryogenic flame; atomization of the inner low momentum liquid jet by high-speed coaxial gas must be therefore improved. In order to achieve this aim, and by analogy with studies dealing with swirl burner combustion characteristics [1, 2], we examine the atomization of a liquid jet achieved by an annular gas jet with a swirl motion. Actually, it is well known that swirling flows have been commonly used for the stabili zation of high-intensity combustion processes. The main advantage resulting from a swirling flow is the apparition (for a certain amount of swirl) of a central recirculation zone, which enables faster mixing and provides a hot flow of recirculated combustion products and a reduced velocity region where flame speed and flow velocity can be matched. As a result flames lengths and distance from the burner at which the flame is stabili zed are shortened significantly. In this paper, we study the influence of the strength of the annular swirling flow coupled with the variation of the most important coaxial non-dimensional parameter: the momentum flux ratio on the liquid jet atomization. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND OPERATING CONDITIONS The experimental set-up, called JETCOAP [3], allows measurements in the pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 0.9 MPa with a motorized two dimension displacement system of the injector (precision 10 μm) but for this study the ambient pressure is kept constant to 0.1 MPa (atmospheric pressure). The coaxial injector has the following dimensions: 2.1, 2.5 and 3.6 mm respectively for the inner liquid diameter (Di) and the gas tube (Dgi and Dg0). The axial gas mass flow rate is supplied through two symmetric inlets and the swirl motion is imparted to the annular flow by means of two tangential inlets located just 10 mm before the exit (in order to minimize the swirl decay). Although it cannot describe entirely the flow [4], the degree of swirl is characterized by the swirl number S, which is a non-dimensional number representing axial flux of swirl momentum divided by axial flux of axial momentum, times the nozzle radius. S can be related, if perfect mixing and conservation of momentum is assumed, to the measured axial gas mass flow rate (ma) and the tangential gas mass flow rate (mtang) by [5]:


Architected materials typically maintain their properties throughout their lifetime. However, there is growing interest in the design and fabrication of responsive materials with properties that adapt to their environment. Toward this goal, a versatile framework to realize thermally programmable lattice architectures capable of exhibiting a broader range of mechanical responses is reported. The lattices are composed of two polymeric materials with disparate glass transition temperatures, which are deterministically arranged via 3D printing. By tailoring the local composition and structure, architected lattices with tunable stiffness, Poisson's ratio, and deformation modes controlled through changes in the thermal environment are generated. The platform yields lightweight polymer lattices with programmable composition, architecture, and mechanical response.


Pelletizer is the key equipment of the PP and PE unit,it is used in metering,feeding,mixing,extruding process.The PE unit in Shenyang paraffin-wax chemical Co.,Ltd has a set of pelletizing system,and the clamp pressure of clamp cylinder is always higher.The technical transformation has been carried out to solve the problem.


The power quality is largely affected by the injection of Power to the grid from wind turbine. After connecting wind turbine, the parameters related to the power quality problems are measured and assessed as per IEC Standard (IEC 61400-21). As per power quality concern, there are seven parameters, Voltage Unbalance, Harmonics, Inter-harmonics, Active power, Reactive power, Grid protection and reconnection time. In this paper how wind mill is responsible for above parameters after connecting to the grid is studied and STATCOM is introduced in system by connecting it at PCC for providing the better solution to overcome mentioned power quality issues. The control technique of both wind model and STATCOM connected to grid is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Using yam bulbils for tuber propagation not only benefits the rejuvenation of Dioscorea opposita but also reduces the planting cost.Thus,conditions of the micro-tuber induction for the yams were studied.The shoot tips were cultured in MS medium with additions of varying concentrations of NAA/6-BA.Different treatments using NAA/KT,active carbon and sucrose were applied for the experimentation.The results indicated the optimal medium composition for the shoot tip induction to be: MS + 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+ 2.0 mg·L-1 6-BA+ 0.2 g·L-1 AC+ 30.0 g·L-1 sucrose+ 8.0 g·L-1 agar.The resultant plant regeneration rate was 91.7%.The optimal medium formula for the micro-tuber induction was: MS +0.1 mg·L-1 NAA+ 1.0 mg·L-1 KT+ 2.0 g·L-1 AC+ 50.0 g·L-1 sucrose+ 8.0 g·L-1agar.The regenerated plants from the micro-tubers not only maintained the characteristics of the parent species but also improved its commercial appealing.


In this paper, we derive several formulas of counting families of non-intersecting paths for two-sided ladder-shaped regions. As an application, we give a new proof to a combinatorial interpretation of Fibonacci numbers obtained by G. Andrews in 1974.


Buddhism came to China by multiple transmission ways. Different modes of transmission to two classes of intellectual elite and the general public produced different effects. Through the analysis of the two different transmission ways,it is found out that the former belongs to elegant cultural transmission,while the latter belongs to the spread of popular culture. Elite Buddhism and folk Buddhism together form the Chinese Buddhist culture. Finally, the author discusses how to make better use of new media technologies to promote the spread of Buddhism.


This research looks at the results of a study of spatial ecological zoning of urban territories using the NDVI-analysis of actual multi-channel satellite images from Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 in the Voronezh region for the period 2001 to 2016. The results obtained in the course of interpretation of space images and processing of statistical information compiled in the GIS environment "Ecology of cities Voronezh region" on the basis of which carried out a comprehensive ecological zoning of the studied urbanized areas. The obtained data on the spatial classification of urban and suburban areas, the peculiarities of the dynamics of weakly and strongly anthropogenically territories, hydrological features and vegetation.


Abstract Combustion measurements are being performed in a laboratory cylindrical pulverised coal fired furnace as part of a continuing research programme, The data are primarily intended to assist the validation of mathematical models ultimately intended for the prediction of full scale plant. In this paper gas-species concentration and temperature data are presented and discussed for a bituminous coal fuel fired at two excess air levels and two swirl numbers.


The cycle ergometer is a device that has been widely used in Intensive Care Units, its main feature is the ability to provide peripheral muscle strength gain, improve the circulatory system, assist in mobility and have great effects on the optimization of patients' cardiorespiratory system that are in bed. This study aims to describe the benefits with the use of the cycle ergometer and the possibility of reducing the time of mechanical ventilation and the length of hospital stay. This is a systematic review of the literature carried out with randomized clinical trials, using the Medline, PubMed, BVS, SciELO and PEDro databases, using the descriptors intensive care unit, respiratory exercise, early ambulation, physical therapy, exercise physical exercise, ergometry and their correlates in English and Spanish. The results included only original articles published between 2009 and 2019. 08 manuscripts made up the discussion of this work. When evaluating the use of the cycle ergometer in the ICU, it could be highlighted that the training with early exercises in highly sick patients, had a significant improvement in the recovery of the functional exercise capacity, proprioception of the functional state, muscle strength after discharge, decreased the time of hospitalization, assisted in ventilatory weaning and optimized breathing.


Abstract. Three parameters influencing the capacity for carbon accumulation, i.e. photosynthesis, respiration, and leaf extension growth, were studied in Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) cultured in nutrient solution containing 0.5 to 500 mol m−3 NaCl. Leaf extension growth was the parameter most sensitive to salinity: the initial rate of leaf extension and final leaf length each declined linearly with increase in external NaCl concentration. Photosynthetic O2 evolution of thin leaf slices did not decline until salinity levels reached 350 to 500 mol m−3 NaCl, while respiratory O2 consumption was not affected by salinity throughout the range. The results suggest that the influence of salinity on the capacity for carbon accumulation in B. vulgaris occurs primarily through reduction in the area of photosynthetic surface.


The goal of this study was to compare the sonographic assessment of endometrial cancer diagnosis and staging using three-dimensional transvaginal sonography with the staging that was ultimately found at surgery. Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography was performed for 20 consecutive cases of presumptive endometrial cancer using power Doppler angiography, virtual organ computer-aided analysis, and volume contrast imaging. These results were compared with the surgical staging found for those identified cases. The sonographic findings predicted the correct minimum endometrial cancer staging in 100% of the 20 cases that were examined and correlated to surgical outcomes. The successful prediction of endometrial cancer staging demonstrated by others was replicated in the organization of this case series. The findings compared favorably with other imaging modalities used for this purpose. This study assists in demonstrating the value of using presurgical three-dimensional sonography to plan for the optimal surgical excision and overall treatment of endometrial cancer.


The revealing of the meaning of bioethics in the conditions of modern anthropological crisis is made. Bioethics is considered as the attempt of the restoration of the traditional cultural space. Key words: bioethics, anthropological crisis, quasiculture, traditional culture.


This work proposes to compare the energetic efficiency of two models of leg: human-like model, with leg bent backward, and bird-like mode, with leg bent forward. The models are represented by a manipulator with 2 degrees of freedom, which simulates the two phases of gait: swing phase (leg swinging) and support phase (foot in the ground, supporting the dislocation of the hip forward). After generating the gait trajectory and simulating the swing and support phases separately in the multibody simulator SimMechanics of the software Matlab, an energetic analysis is performed calculating the energy consumption through the power applied on the joints. In order to focus the performance comparison on the physical dynamics of the models and eliminate inneficiency from the trajectory generation itself, the control solution is generated using a pseudospectral method of optimal control implemented in the software DIDO. The results point to the advantage of the human morphology in bending more freely in lift-off, causing the leg to use better the gravity to swing, and in making use of the increase of potential energy in swing phase to slow down the leg until heel strike.


The universal service in China is now primarily provided by the network enterprises in the naturally monopolized domains. The universal service of electrical power in the rural area is undertaken by the county-level rural grid. The universal service by the county-level rural grid has a long way to go to meet the requirement of the state government. The gap is due to the development stage, investment and customer of the service of the county-level rural grid. To improve electrical power supply service quality and promote universal service, it is critical that the county-level rural grid is compensated on its cost side. To order to achieve this, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable electrical rate mechanism so that the county-level rural grid has the fund for this


Since the years of MDGs and EFA, various development agendas, strategies, and action plans have been established on education and many of them have been implemented with a particular focus on literacy and non-formal education. Particularly, literacy is significant since it is a first step on the ladder to human development, and accordingly, most countries have endeavored to develop sound literacy systems by strengthening national capacities on literacy development. Further, donor countries have sought to meet the requirements of development agendas such as EFA and MDGs by scaling up the quality, inclusive, and gender-oriented literacy projects in marginalized regions of developing countries and this contributed to the poverty reduction and gender empowerment in development contexts. However, some challenging issues and limitations of literacy development still remain and this raises a question about the future directions for further development on literacy. In accordance with this international trend on literacy education, NGOs in Korea and Burkina Faso have collaborated on poverty alleviation in Burkina Faso through diverse activities on literacy development for a decade and the collaborative works have brought about substantial achievements. Meanwhile, both NGOs also confronted limitations and challenging issues at field level. Both achievements and limitations became the foundation for the research background and significance of this study and they will be analyzed by field observations, in-depth interviews, and literature reviews from below.


Abstract The experimental evidence concerning the density of states in amorphous semiconductors and the ranges of energy in which states are localized is reviewed; this includes d.c. and a.c. conductivity, drift mobility and optical absorption. There is evidence that for some chalcogenide semiconductors the model proposed by Cohen, Fritzsche and Ovshinsky (1969) should be modified by introducing a band of localized states, near the centre of the gap. The values of C, when the d.c. conductivity is expressed as C exp (- E/kT), are considered. The behaviour of the optical absorption coefficient near the absorption edge and its relation to exciton formation are discussed. Finally, an interpretation of some results on photoconductivity is offered.


In order to breed excellent maize variety resistant to close planting,taking hybrid corn M103 as material,a field randomized block test was conducted to study the effects of planting density on LA,LAI,LAD and filling velocity.The results showed that the difference of LA,LAI,and LAD increased with the increase of planting density from six-leaves stage to full-bloom stage.Population LA,LAI,and LAD got bigger with the increase of planting density.At full-bloom stage,the difference between five treatments reached maximum.Planting density had no significant effects on the content and ratio of water of maize kernel,but had certain effects on dry weight of kernel and filling velocity.The increase of dry weight of kernel was promoted by low density.The influence on dry weight was more obvious at the prophase of filling than at anaphase of filling.The filling velocity was bigger at low density than at high density.


Preface Acknowledgement Methodological overview Specimen Collection and transport Central Nervous System Respiratory Gastrointestinal Skin and mucous membranes Genital Hepatitis Cardiac Ocular Urinary Tract Mononucleosis Viral Infections of Childhood Congenital Infections Viral Infections in the immunocompromised host Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Other Geo-graphically localized viral infections HIV and other human retroviruses Antiviral Susceptibility Testing Molecular Typing, Subtyping and analysis of viruses Discovery of New Viral Pathogens Appendices


Abstract Caffeine content is a crucial attribute of coffee. Its concentration and thus maximum cups of Coffea arabica from Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America from different altitudes of growing areas, altitude, and process using different post-harvest processing (dry, wet, and pulped natural). Our results suggest that geographical origin might affect the alkaloid concentration in C. arabica. The caffeine concentration pattern in green samples was as follows: Central America > South America > Asia > Africa. Altitude affected the concentrations, lowlands > midlands > highlands, however, not significantly. Given caffeine is thermostable, the medium roasting process did not affect the concentration of caffeine directly, but a small increase was observed. Scientific opinion on the safety of habitual caffeine consumption of up to 400 mg per day does not raise safety concerns for non-pregnant adults. A cup (7 g coffee in 120 mL of water) was used for recalculation. Results suggest that mostly highlands and midlands coffee from Africa reached levels of caffeine that might be consumed in more than 5.5 cups a day. Graphical Abstract


MOTIVATION: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive and label-free imaging method, which is widely applied in medical imaging. It is a low-coherence interferometric technique which typically uses infrared light for a deep penetration depth into biological tissue. The desired depth of field however directly limits the lateral resolution when working with focussed Gaussian beams, as they are inversely related.


By enabling better traceability of funds against specific assets, technologies should appeal to a significant segment of the lending market – one that is religiously conscientious. Such Islamic FinTechs should therefore be disruptive for the existing regime of Islamic financial services institutions who have problems managing credit risk and compliance. Islamic financial instruments are no stranger to controversy. It emerged from the scandals that gaining investor confidence for Islamic financial instruments such as the Sukuk, which is the Islamic alternative to bonds and securities, investors demand more transparency in Sukuk to make sure they are Shariah-compliant, thus making traceability to assets a special hindrance to current schemes of Sukuk. In this chapter, the authors will discuss how technology could be disruptive in Islamic banking and finance sector keeping Sukuk as a case. The authors will further elaborate on it by discussing the proposed model of blockchain that could solve the issue of traceability which could also boost investor confidence in Sukuk.


V viewpoints mission; candidates come from many different countries and professional backgrounds of which the committee members may have a limited knowledge. Therefore, the committee puts much weight on the endorsements that support the submission. Strong endorsements are essential for a successful submission. to nominate or to self-nominate It has been our experience that nominating a colleague for this distinction succeeds more often than self-nominations. A major reason for this track record is that nominations composed by someone other than the candidate are likely to have stronger endorsements. The nominator should first check that endorsers are supportive of the nomination. Answers are likely to be more sincere if the nominator is not the candidate. The choice of endorsers is crucial. The committee tends to trust the judgment of endorsers who are recognized authorities in their field, such as ACM Fellows. In fact, the Distinguished Member guidelines recommend that two of the endorsers be ACM Fellows. The nomination package should also include endorsers who are intimately familiar with the work of the candidate and can provide firsthand testimony of its importance. Endorsers in the first category can focus on qualitative assessment of the candidate's merit; endorsers in the second category should focus on providing factual information on the can-didate's professional activities and their impact. Recognition Program was initiated in 2006 to recognize those members with at least 15 years of professional experience who have made noteworthy contributions to the computing field. Since this program is relatively new, and has been undergoing changes , there may be many ACM members unfamiliar with the requirements for this grade. As co-chairs for the Distinguished Members committee, we have seen many submissions fail, not because of the quality of the candidates, but due to the lack of adequate information regarding the submission. We hope this column will help produce more effective nominations. The ACM Distinguished grade consists of three categories: Educator, Engineer, and Scientist. Each category comes with a unique set of criteria, therefore alleviating any confusion or competition between grade levels. The committee ensures that candidates are assessed by experts knowledgeable of the contributions in their category. To the extent possible, candidates are judged by their peers: scientists by scientists, engineers by engineers , and educators by educators. There is no reason for an engineer or an educator to feel ineligible if their CV does not include an extensive list of publications, nor a …


The micro-oil burner developed and produced by Dongfang Boiler Co.,is adopted in the process including boiler hot water flushing,steam blow out,on-load operation and the remarkable results of oil saving is achieved in the whole commissioning period.The problem that the boiler flame extinguished is resolved due to the oil pressure of the normal oil burner and the micro-oil burner did not match each other.The beneficial experiment of air distribution is done when the micro-oil burner and the stabilizing burner were ignited at the same time.


The first mental hospital in Finland was established on the island of Seili in 1755. The Lapinlahti Hospital, which today functions as the psychiatric clinic of the University of Helsinki, was established in 1841. In 1889 a statute came into force requiring municipalities to provide care not only for the poor but also for the mentally ill by establishing special departments for chronic mental patients in connection with the poorhouses. The statute also enabled municipalities to establish common mental hospitals; in fact, many mental institutions came into being in this way in the early 1900s [1]. From the beginning, psychiatric care was thus primarily in the hands of municipalities, and this situation became stabilized through an act passed in 1929 concerning government subsidy. In 1940 there were about 8,400 beds for mental patients in hospitals and another 2,900 in communal homes, or a total of about 3.2 beds per 1,000 inhabitants [2]. Psychiatric outpatient care did not exist before World War П.


Earthquake damage to bridges can have severe consequences. This paper identifies and classifies types of damage to bridges that earthquakes commonly induce and, where possible, identifies the causes of damage. The emphasis is on primary damage, and the paper is organized according to which element in the overall set of contributing factors appears to be the primary cause of the bridge damage. The general issues related to the site condition, construction era, and current condition of the bridge are addressed, followed by the effects of structural configuration, including curved layout, skew, and redundancy. Unseating of superstructures at expansion joints is discussed next, followed by descriptions of typical types of damage to the superstructure. Also described is damage associated with the substructure, including the foundation.


An investigation was made to determine the effect of the natural estrogen estrone, in varying concentrations and over varying periods of time, on the chromosomes of human female peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. All experiments were carried out according to a modification of Tips' Micro Procedure for Peripheral Leucocyte Culture. One set of leucocyte cultures was exposed to 6.0 ^~g of estrone for 24, 48 and 12 hours, and another set of cultures was exposed to 0.6 ^-g of the hormone for the same respective time periods. Chromosome rpreads obtained from each culture were analyzed in respect to control groups for changes in morphology and mitotic rate. 100 control and 50 estrogen-treated spreads were analyzed for each experimental group in consideration of morphology, and 500 control and 500 estrogen-treated spreads were analyzed for each group in conrideration of mitotic rate. The net effect of estrone at 0.6 ^g is a n increase in mitotic rate in the 48 to 72 hour range and an increase in polynloidy in the 24 to 48 hour range, with the peak of activity at 48 hours. At 6.0 y"-g the net effect is a decrease in mitotic rate and an increase in polyploidy in the 24 to 48 hour range, the peak of activity coming, again, at 48 hours. Marked endoreduplication occurs at