With the advent of 5th generation mobile communication networks(5G), an increasing demand for reliable, secure and efficient communications has been put forward. Recent literatures have proposed several secure polar coding schemes for the wiretap channel, however, the transmission rate they have achieved is limited and the complexity introduced is relatively high. In this paper, an encrypted polar coding scheme based on chaotic sequences is proposed for the general wiretap channel(not necessarily degraded or symmetric). Chaotic sequences are employed to encrypt the information bits, and the key space is large enough to resist the exhaustive attacks. Mathematical analysis is performed in terms of reliability, security and transmission rate of the proposed scheme. As proved, the proposed scheme outperforms the former schemes in terms of transmission rate, while guarantees the reliability and strong security for the general wiretap channel. In addition, the complexity introduced is relatively low.


Secondary bonding of cured carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates using structural adhesives has attracted great attention from the aerospace industry. The most important process step to achieve reliable joints is the execution of a proper surface pre-treatment. In this paper, pulsed CO2 laser irradiation was employed to increase the mode I fracture toughness of CFRP adhesive joints. In order to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on CFRPs, surface chemistry and morphology were assessed through XPS and SEM analyses. The mode I fracture toughness was determined using the DCB specimen and fracture surfaces were surveyed using optical and SEM.


The Costa Rican guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum) is a native fruit tree species of Central America cultivated in home gardens. The physical characterization of fruits and seeds of this species was done with the aim of contributing for the establishment of the implementation of techniques and commercial crops management. In this way, it was verified that the average fruit fresh weight was 42.19g, and pulp fresh weight was 39.72g, and seed fresh weight was 2.47g, with 72.8 seeds per fruit. The seeds are irregularly shaped, with average length, width and thickness of 4.29mm, 4.11mm and 2.68mm, respectively. The fruit presents favorable attributes for industrial exploitation, with high pulp yield (94%) and a round shape, somewhat flattened on the apex and base (longitudinal diameter/transversal diameter ratio = 0.83). The high seed number per fruit represents a characteristic that facilitates the propagation and seedling production of the species.


Hyponatremia is associated with the increased risk of early and late mortality in patients with cardiac disease. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of hyponatremia in patients who had undergone transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).


Scientific studies that use pyrite trace element signatures to facilitate interpretations of the geological history of hydrothermal gold deposits are becoming more common. Given this rise in popularity in pyrite trace element chemistry studies, a review of trace element incorporation in pyrite from various gold deposit classes is highly timely. We provide a global compilation of over 20 000 chemical data points resulting from over 5520 spot measurements of pyrites from five separate ore deposit classes, each of which is known to have high gold concentrations. The ore deposit classes considered here include orogenic gold deposits, Carlin-type gold deposits, high- and low-sulphidation gold deposits, and Au-bearing porphyry systems, whereas the pyrite minor- and trace elements that we consider include Au, As, Bi, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn. Meta-analyses of these data suggest that, on a global scale, both existing pyrite trace element chemistry discrimination tools and newly-established Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach have a relatively low efficacy in correctly predicting the metallogenic setting in which the pyrite formed. At a deposit scale however, pyrite trace element chemistry continues to be a useful tool for understanding Au mineralizing processes, especially when coupled with additional analytical techniques or lines of geological evidence. Further meta-analysis of the data tentatively suggests the solubility limits for the various trace elements in pyrite mineral structure and reveals that the correlations between temperature and trace element incorporation (i.e., pyrite geothermometry) are complex. The study highlights that pyrite, by virtue of its mineralogy and propensity for element substitutions, remains an important repository of chemical information related to the evolution of hydrothermal gold mineralizing systems. Inasmuch as this repository is now readily accessed utilizing modern analytical techniques (e.g., routine LA-ICP-MS mapping of trace element distributions at ppb concentrations; mapping element distributions at the nanoscale using atom probe tomography), its full value will only be realized through continued study into the kinetics and mechanisms of trace element incorporation into pyrite structure at conditions relevant to ore-forming processes.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5882221


Purpose: To assess the association between physical activity, sleep duration, sitting time, and alterations of posterior segment structures with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were recruited, and diabetic patients without retinopathy (non-DR) who matched for age and duration of diabetes were used as control. The physical activity, siting time, and sleep duration were obtained by using standardized questionnaire. OCT parameters included: retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT). Linear regression was conducted to analyse the association. Results: Each group included 116 diabetic patients. Average macular CT was positively correlated with metabolic equivalents (MET) only in the DR group, independent of age, gender, and other potential confounding factors ({beta} = 1.163, P = 0.006). Average macular CT was also positively correlated with sleep duration only in the non-DR group, independent of age, gender, and other potential confounding factors ({beta} = 10.54, P = 0.031). No correlation was found between MET, sleep duration, and other OCT parameters. Sitting time was not significantly correlated with OCT parameters either. Conclusions: Physical activity and sleep duration are both positively correlated with macular choroidal thickness; this suggests that more time in physical activity and sleep benefit the retina, while there was no association between sedentary time and OCT parameters. Further studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the role of physical activity and sleep in CT alterations and DR.


[1] Volcanic activity away from plate boundaries occurs in a variety of settings. Linear, age-progressive volcanic chains have been explained as the manifestation of fixed hot spots, possibly generated by plumes originating deep in the mantle. However, important examples of oceanic intraplate volcanism cannot be explained in this way, including short-lived chains and chains violating the predicted age-distance behavior. Furthermore, a significant fraction of volcanism does not occur in linear chains, and observations suggest control by lithosphere structure in many cases. In this study, melting in mantle upwellings that result from the buoyancy associated with the melting itself is considered as a mechanism of intraplate volcanism. Numerical models of this "buoyant decompression melting" in a layer that is initially at its melting temperature over some depth range are used to determine the duration and amount of melting in upwellings which organize from an initially small, random perturbation for a range of model parameters. A predicted inverse correlation between the amount of melt produced and the duration of melting may be diagnostic of the buoyant melting process. Buoyant melting could occur in a number of geologic settings. Since the oceanic upper mantle may have previously melted beneath a spreading center and subsequently cooled, spontaneous buoyant decompression melting may be possible only in regions where a large-scale mantle upwelling can counteract conductive cooling, keeping the mantle at its solidus temperature over some depth range. Where the mantle is at, or sufficiently near, its solidus, buoyant decompression may spontaneously generate "convective storms" of melting. This may explain the abundance of volcanism associated with the South Pacific Superswell. Where mantle is slightly cooler than its melting temperature, buoyant melting may not occur spontaneously but may be triggered by some initial upwelling. This may provide a physical explanation for volcanism that is controlled by lithosphere structure.


Multi-quasiparticle high-K states in neutron-deficient mercury, lead, and polonium isotopes have been investigated systematically by means of configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations. An abundance of high-K states is predicted with both prolate and oblate shapes, which extends the shape coexistence of the mass region. Well-deformed shapes provide good conditions for the formation of isomers, as exemplified in {sup 188}Pb. Of particular interest is the prediction of low-lying 10{sup -} states in polonium isotopes, which indicate long-lived isomers.


The infrared and Raman spectra of Pb4(PO4)2SO4 were recorded and interpreted with the aid of a site symmetry analysis. Some comparisons with related species are made. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Polygonatum taxa of Korea were classified as two sections, three series and 14 species and 2 varieties and reviewed taxonomically. Among the examined taxa, endemics in Korea were recorded as two species; P. grandicaule Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang and P. infundiflorum Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang. The habitat of Korean unrecorded species, P. acuminatifolium Kom. and P. odoratum var. odoratum were confirmed in this study. Keys to the sections, series and species including description of each taxon were provided here.


This essay offers an insider's view of a specific service organization. By integrating the models known as autobiographical enthnography (Goodall, 1989, 1991) and critical ethnography (Conquergood, 1991; Mumby, 1988; Thomas, 1993), I am able to reflect on and critique a specific work experience. I elaborate on each scene of this experience with a critical commentary based on ideas from various critical and postmodern theories. I offer this critical ethnography to demonstrate how some women who work in the service industry are made powerless by the discourse, interactions, relationships, and tasks that they are expected to participate in. What is it in the service work environment that causes women to be made political bodies? What strips them of their true sense of personal and social identity? What are the explicit and implicit rules that produce and reproduce the politicized body? In attempting to answer these questions, I show how women service workers are often disempowered by double binds within doub...


Multi-system and method that facilitates the determination between each of the radio associated with the wireless device radio are set forth herein. As will be presented here in, multiple-in variety of techniques using other appropriate techniques associated with the wireless device may be utilized to perform the binding to the radio coexistence manager and / or a plurality of associated radios (joint) crystal, a conventional It provides improved performance compared to the piecewise (piecewise) radio determination methods. Each set of parameters for the radio to conflicting with each potential to make it possible to operate these radios are to co-exist (e.g., transmit power, interference target, frequency sub-bands, the radio frequency knob setting) this is selected by, a variety of comprehensive (exhaustive), the decoupling and progressive radio determination algorithms are available here. Also, techniques for utilizing graph theory algorithms for progressive radio determination are provided herein. Additionally, the combined power decision and / or one-path or iterative interference division multiple by employing the modified, such as (partitioning)-transmitter interference mechanisms comprehensive (generic) power determination to provide a support for a known to be rimjeum modified is.


Study Objective. To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist interventions, including drug therapy management, on outcomes relevant to diabetes mellitus.


Nickel matrix coatings were sprayed by the Casto-Dyn 8000 torch on a steel substrate, and then subjected to straight turning. Determining of the optimum geometry of indexing is now synonymous with the selection of the optimum shape and dimensions of the insert and of an appropriate holder. According to cutting board, it was selected square, triangular, trigon inserts, made of carbide and of cubic boron nitride (borazon). Machining of nickel-based coatings was carried out for the cutting speed vc = 214 m/min in the case of treatment with borazon inserts, vc = 107 m/min in case of plates treated with tungsten carbide cutting, using the feed f =0.06 mm/rev and the depth of cut ap = 0.3 mm. Metal cutting the surface of steel samples coated with a composite coating containing 15% Al2O3 based on nickel, conducted for the cutting speed vc = 157 m/min when machining with borazon inserts and for vc = 83 m/min inserts with tungsten carbide for feed f = 0.06 mm/rev and depth of cut ap = 0.3 mm. Highly precise finishing of flame spraying composite and alloy coatings was carried out using turning by tool with borazon inserts. Flank (VB) and attack (KB) of turning tool wear while maintaining a constant length of spiral cutting (LSC) were determined. The effect of the shape and grade of inserts upon the geometric structure of the composite coatings and is considered in the paper. The article can determine the shape and grade of inserts is necessary to obtain sufficient quality of the shaft of centrifugal pumps with a composite coating.


Background. During the Iraq‐Iran war (1980–1988), a group of patients exposed to mustard gas (one of the chemical warfare agents used by Iraq) were referred to our dermatology department. This group included a subgroup of 14 children and teenagers. In this article, we attempted to review the skin manifestations of these patients.


This book is the outcome of Ackerman's A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts, given at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC in 1985. The author's panoramic view-presented as a string of period casestudies-has all the fluidity and sumptuous illustration of a good lecture series. But despite Ackerman's sweeping introductory statements, his individual chapters reveal a variety of historical perspectives, in which villas are seen as pleasure havens or administrative centres, and as bourgeois or patrician. The Villa is a useful synthesis of research undertaken over the years by Ackerman and others, but it is coated with a patina ofjargon that sometimes results in contradictory statements and methodological ambiguity.


Dingbian Block is the main block of increasing the production in Changqing Oilfield and its target bed is Chang8 formation. Horizontal and high-inclination wells have been used widely in recent years. The oil shale is existent in Chang 7 formation of the block, which causes the borehole wall collapse and sticking when tripping and logging in this section, even makes a well discarded. In order to ensure drilling safety in Chang 7 oil shale formation, the drilling design was optimized, PDC bit and drilling tool structure were improved, and system and compounding formula of drilling fluid were optimized. The drilling technology suited for high-inclination and horizontal wells in Dingbian block was formed.


This site provides resources for students enrolled in the A.A. program in Education/Early Childhood, the A.A.S. program in Child & Family Studies, and the Early Childhood Education Basic and Early Childhood Education Center Director certificate programs.


To evaluate the effectiveness of mass spectrometry techniques in studying vaporization from selected materials, we designed a mass spectrometer than can be used either with a continuous wave or pulsed laser heating system or with a conventional furnace heating system. Our experimental apparatus, the components of which are described in detail, consisted of a quadrupole mass spectrometer positioned in a crossed-beam configuration, controlling electronics, a data acquisition system, a vacuum system, a cryogenic collimation system, and a laser heating system. Results of mass spectral scans taken during laser pyrolysis of polymeric materials and laser vaporization of graphite were compatible with data reported in other studies. Results of mass spectral studies of laser-induced combustion in the Ti + C system are also presented.


We examine the impact of investor coordination on governance. We identify coordinating groups of investors (cliques) as those connected through the network of institutional holdings. Clique members vote together on proxy items: a one standard deviation increase in clique ownership more than doubles votes against low quality management proposals. We use the 2003 mutual fund trading scandal to show that this effect is causal. These findings suggest coordination strengthens governance via voice. Coordination, however, also weakens governance via threat of exit. Clique owners exit positions more slowly, and firm value responds negatively to liquidity shocks when clique ownership is high.


: In this study conceptual framework is based on patient cantered approach theory of Faye Glenn abdellah (1960). The problem solving method is the basis for abdellah' model. A pre-experimental research approach using one group pre-test post test research designs was adopted for the study. The population comprise of 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 11-18 year had haemoglobin level from 8-9.9 gm/dl. The main study was conducted at selected urban slum of Indore. The duration of study was 1 January to February 2012. Based on the objectives and hypotheses; the data was analyzed using various statistical tests. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The study intended to measure the increase in haemoglobin level among adolescent girls after intervention. Here group was assessed before and after introducing the intervention i.e. administration of lemon juice. The key variables were lemon juice supplement. A structured interview schedule was used for socio-demographic variables and sahli's hemometer was used to assess haemoglobin. Six experts did the validation of tool. Reliability of sahli's haemometer was found to be r = 0.92, by karl pearson correlation co-efficient. After conducting study it was found that there is increase in haemoglobin after administration of lemon juice. There was significant difference between pre-test and post-test haemoglobin level of adolescent girls at the level of p≤ 0.05. The finding of the study revel that there was significant increase in haemoglobin level at the level p≤ 0.05 after administration of lemon juice. And increase in haemoglobin at the level of p ≤ 0.01 after administration of lemon juice. The finding of the study has implication in nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing research. This study will help to raise awareness among nursing student, educators, and community leaders the importance of lemon juice. Nurse administrator should take initiative in adopting policies or plan with government of India or Madhya Pradesh for incorporating this type of supplement for improving the haemoglobin of adolescent girls.


The HLA status of 37 babies who were born to African mothers suffering from eclampsia was determined. The B35 antigen was more prevalent in babies born to eclamptic mothers than one would expect (p=0±01). The number of shared antigens between mother and baby at the A and B locus was similar to that of a normal population.


of the improper, such as might be felt by a French-Canadian section foreman when he hears an Ontarian speak of la chemin de fer. But this book is otherwise admirable! Purists will observe with approval that all footnotes occur at the bottoms of pages; the impure will rejoice in their brevity. The dust jacket, moreover, is unique, being abstract art that actually resembles a map of the U. S.-Canadian border.


The paper deals with factors determining the run and intensity of the wear-out process of mining hoist mechanisms. On the basis of the carried out experimental tests of a balance rope being a part of such a mechanism it was proven that conditions of the rope operation have a great influence on the kind and effects of its wear-out process. It was found that the basic cause of the rope strength features degradation is electrochemical corrosion and particularly – a chemical variant of this process. Of course, tribological wear is observed too.


Abstract Objectives: estimate the strength of association between neonatal near miss and the nega-tive outcomes in the child's first year of life. Methods: a prospective cohort study on neonatal survivors originating from a national survey "Nascer no Brasil (Born in Brazil), 2011-2012." Main exposure: neonatal near miss (NNM). Negative outcomes: breastfeeding, hospitalization, and post neonatal death (tele-phone interview). For each outcome, the odds ratio (OR) were estimated by univariate (p<0.2) and multivariate (p<0.05) logistic regression models. Results: among 15,675 children 3.3% were neonatal near miss. Neonatal near miss was associated, after adjusting, to: weaning (OR=1.8); hospitalization after hospital discharge (OR=2.2); remained hospitalized (OR=65.6) and post neonatal death (OR=52.4) The increased OR after adjusting revealed negative confounding, such as "remained hospitalized since childbirth" (ORcrude=21.1 and ORadjusted=65.6). Conclusions: although neonatal near miss reflects a good quality of health care, avoiding neonatal death, these survivors have higher risk of negative outcomes in the first year of life.


This was a multi-center randomized controlled efficacy trial of 342 diabetic subjects who were followed for a minimum of 112 days. The study was performed across 37 diabetic foot clinics and hospitals principally in the United States. The primary outcome was complete ulcer closure. There was a thorough description of the method of randomization as well as, concealment allocation. Subjects and investigators were not blinded and it was unclear if data collectors and analysts were blinded. Safety and effectiveness analysis was conducted by the company sponsoring the study.


A first signal of two signals to be compared for similarity is divided into small areas and one small area is selected for calculating the correlation with a second signal using a correlative method. Then, the quantity of translation, expansion rate and similarity in an area where the similarity, which is the square of the correlation value, reaches its maximum, are found. Values based on the similarity are integrated at a position represented by the quantity of translation and expansion rate. Similar processing is performed with respect to all the small areas, and at a peak where the maximum integral value of the similarity is obtained, its magnitude is compared with a threshold value to evaluate the similarity. The small area voted for that peak can be extracted.


Abstract In 1995, the myth-history presented in Mel Gibson's award winning film, Braveheart, sparked the fires of nationalism in Scotland, leading to the nation's partial autonomy. Braveheart's influence on politics, historical memory and cultural identity are undeniable, yet few historians give the film the credit it rightly deserves. This demonstrates that, while it may not have single handily led to Scotland's devolution in 1999, Braveheart did play a major role in the lead up to the 1997 devolution referendum. The film infused Scotland's society, culture, and politics with nationalistic pride. Utilizing James DeFronzo's five critical factors for revolutionary success as a framework, this project shows that Braveheart, a film about the legendary Scottish hero named William Wallace, had a vast political, social and cultural impact on Scotland, thus leading to the restoration of a Scottish parliament after three-centuries of dormancy. However, Scotland is not an independent country, as it remains a member of the United Kingdom. Therefore, this thesis also examines the ongoing nation-building, or rebuilding, process in Scotland, in the period immediately prior to the independence referendum in 2014. In all, the fact that Braveheart managed to revive, alter, and create Scotland's greatest historical and mythological hero, as well as forever change the course of Scottish political and social history, makes it one of the most influential films of all time.


We recently reported the first noninvasive, label free measurement of pH in a bodily fluid in vivo using only Raman spectra i.e. in vivo rat model measurements probing the immediate vicinity of a contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in the first minutes and hours after injury. Calibrated and assigned using Raman spectra of authentic materials, in the rat model we were not able to sample the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to allow comparison with an independent measurement of the pH. Swine presents a better model because they allow physical sampling of CSF, although still not ideal for our purposes. We were only able to physically sample CSF from the fourth cerebral ventricle of 2 different animals, before and after all spectral measurements on cords were completed. One measurement each for 2 different animals on physically sampled CSF averaged a pH of 7.001±0.106 (N=2) as per standard laboratory instrumentation. Using a dynamic analysis and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the average of (N=12) noninvasive Raman-based pH measurements of CSF was 7.073±0.156 and at >95% confidence there is no statistically significant difference between the Raman-based and the physically sampled results. We discuss the difference between the dynamic and static analysis, the implications for our understanding of SCI, the accuracy, precision, calibration, general applicability of this approach and future work.


We consider the problem of constructing hierarchies of nonlinear control systems that preserve reachability properties, and, in particular, local accessibility. In this hierarchical framework, showing local accessibility of the higher level abstracted model of the nonlinear control system is equivalent to showing local accessibility of the more detailed, lower level model. Hierarchies of consistent nonlinear abstractions can therefore result in significant complexity reduction in determining the reachability properties of nonlinear systems.


The Internet has evolved to become one of the main sources to access and consume news. The reason being the low cost and rapid transmission of news on it through various means. Nevertheless, such characteristics of the Internet also makes it a breeding ground for the spread of fake news. The outcomes of this are far-reaching, mounting negativity over individuals as well as society. Hence comes the requirement for fake news detection research effort which is constantly being carried out. "Fake News" refers to forged news. It is a lie made up out of nothing which deceives the reader appearing as real news. There is not much review work done in the field of fake news detection methods. In this paper, we provide a survey on types of fake news disseminated and the solutions proposed to deal with detecting it. We focus our survey on the latest research fields in Fake News Detection namely Multimodal Frameworks, Semi-Supervised Frameworks, and Unsupervised Frameworks. We also state the advantages and disadvantages of each of the work mentioned and finally, highlight challenges that still concern the field of fake news detection.


The arithmetic of coordinates transformation is one of the core techniques in the ECDIS electronic chart display and information system based on GPS(global position system). For the complex traditional arithmetic that is difficult to be applied to practice, this paper presents arithmetic of the coordinates transformation from geodetic coordinates to plane rectangular coordinates and screen coordinates. Especially, it presents contrary transformation from plane rectangular coordinates to geodetic coordinates based on simple iteration. The test results indicate that it provides a high precision. And it's useful for reference to other navigation system.


The present invention relates to a polyurethane material, a coating, and a method of producing produced therefrom. The polyurethane material is at least one polyisocyanate, at least one active hydrogen-containing material, at least a first or a second amino group and at least one material having at least one hydroxyl group, and the other component on which the polyurethane material is formed It may be formed from the isocyanate or hydroxyl groups and components containing at least one acid functional material or anhydride having a reactive functional group. The polyurethane can provide improved physical properties when incorporated into coating compositions, for example, chip resistance (chip-resistance).


Meat and poultry are the major sources of protein in the human diets for many countries, especially in the west. In the United States, the majority of the population like and prefer meat and poultry. In view of this, the federal government exercises tight control over their commerce, in terms of safety and economic fraud. After 9/11, food defense against terrorisms, including meat and poultry, became the third priority consideration in relation to the food industry. Before we discuss the safety system for meat and poultry in commerce, we will provide a list of abbreviations of U.S. government agencies that are used in this book's remaining chapters:


Orphan deformity children one special colony, development of them lag behind or defect to some extent more or less, it is particularly outstanding to adapt to behavior development in the society. The emotion is met , the need is satisfied , the behavior support , psychology are developed in a healthy way after receiving of fostering the family to foster children. The family has positive roles to the adaptation behavior development of the orphan deformity children to foster.


The present study investigated case particle errors in sentence production in Japanese people with aphasia. The patients with fluent aphasia showed many case particle substitutions, whose occurrence rate increased as the number of arguments increased. This indicates that there are deficient controlling mechanisms for case assignment at the positional level processing in fluent aphasia. In non-fluent aphasia, argument omissions were found more than particle only omissions. In Japanese, argument nouns can be omitted in normal conversations if they are inferable from the context. Japanese patients with non-fluent aphasia may use a language-specific strategy, relying on argument omissions rather than only case particle omissions.


It is well documented that in Japan, the population is ageing rapidly. Indeed, people aged 65 and older already make up one-quarter of the country's total population, and this is expected to reach one-third by the year 2036. The health and wellbeing of the elderly is at risk, with a
 burden of chronic illness in the older population, as well as issues associated with decreased mobility and increased likelihood of falls. Tomotaka Ito, based at Shizuoka University, Japan is working to develop a group of robotic tools to support the elderly to walk independently and live
 full and healthy lives. Ito's research involves exploring innovative ways to assist the elderly in living independent and fully functional lives. He is doing this through robotic tools that can help with day-to-day activities such as walking and help to prevent falls.


Therapeutic interventions Therapeutic interventions compared to no intervention may increase employment at an average of 11 months follow-up but the evidence is very uncertain (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.87, n = 1142, 8 studies with 9 interventions, I = 52%, very lowquality evidence). There is probably no difference in the effects of therapeutic interventions compared to no intervention on mental health (SMD 0.12, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.29, n = 530, 2 studies, low-quality evidence) and on general health (SMD 0.19, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.41, n = 318, 1 study, moderate-quality evidence).


An estimated 85% of diagnoses in general medicine can be made from analysis of the symptoms.[1][1] Therefore, careful listening is an essential skill for FPs to master. During a consultation, there are often numerous cues from patients that indicate they have more to say than what has been said


We examine the relationship between incoming international passengers and COVID‐19 cases and deaths during the pandemic's initial wave in the United States. We find passengers from Milan, Italy, the location of an early outbreak, were an important source of exposure, increasing the early spread of COVID‐19 in the United States. Cities that received more passengers from Milan during the first quarter of 2020 experienced more COVID‐19 cases during March 2020 than cities receiving fewer passengers from Milan. Concurrently, cities that received more passengers from China or Rome (the latter not experiencing a major outbreak until later in 2020), did not experience increased cases. These results show passengers from at least one foreign epicenter were an important source of exposure that increased COVID‐19 spread in the United States. Given Milan was a secondary hotspot, our results also illustrate the importance of a holistic view of international pandemic hotspots when considering corresponding travel policy.


Ethics provide with the basics to apply Professionalism and ethical responsibility in a realistic approach. N urses are the primary caregiver and they face many ethical dilemmas in their day to day practice.  These dilemmas need proper ethical decision making in term of best patient's interest. Thus, the framework for ethical decision making supports the decision by evaluating and clarifying the ethical dilemma. The main focus of this paper is the utilization of the ethical decision making framework in best patient's interest by abiding the two major principles of beneficence and autonomy. Ethical decision making is not only the physicians' responsibility, nurses should play a vital role in making these decisions with their sound knowledge and communication skills. Nurses should be empowered towards ethical decision making by strengthening their curriculum, better communication skills and giving them complete autonomy.


This chapter is concerned with eastern monastic teachings on the meaning and significance of revelatory dreams, and the contemporaneous Talmudic tradition from Persia. The monastic sayings of the Byzantine East were focused on ascetics and were used predominantly as a guide for other ascetics. Eastern Christian monastics—men as well as women—and their lay followers, regularly received visions. In the first part of the chapter, the eastern monastic tradition of Byzantium is illustrated by various ascetic treatises from Evagrius, the Sayings of the Desert Fathers (and Mothers), and monastic writings from east and west Syria. The second part surveys late antique Jewish approaches to divination in dreams and the activity of the soul, examining the intersection of dream interpretation and rabbinic life in the Babylonian Talmud. A strong belief in the democratic nature of dream interpretation is evident here, especially in The Book of Blessings (Berakoth), according to which prophetic dreams were available to everyone, and professional interpreters were not needed to understand them. The third part contrasts these with early Islamic hadith on dreams and their interpretation.


Software engineering is a systematic approach defined as a science of industrial engineering that measures the practical methods and working process of the software engineers. This approach is based on analyzing, designing, assessment implementing testing and reengineering processes of given software All those phases are very important and have a specific role in SE's cycle, especially software testing that acts as a significant element in this cycle and it represents also a fundamental key for software quality assurance. Software testing has as goal to test the software performance by measuring the gap between the expected behavior of the software under test and the test results. This comparison allows the tester to analyze errors and bugs in order to fix them and develop the software performance. As a critical factor in SQA, software testing is considered like a definitive review of the tool's specification: it permits the tester to redesign the tool specification after the test in case of failure. This procedure is also applied on web applications, in similar ways to obtain the same goal: applications quality assurance, but the web applications are more complicated to be tested because of the interaction of the application with the rest of the distributed system. In fact, in more precisely terms, web application testing is a process that measures the functional and non functional proprieties of a given web application to analyze its performance in order to fix errors or even to reach a better level of the application under test. The demand on web applications or generally on software testing tools groups up with the increase in applications or software failures and cost.


Introduction Studies of the xenoliths entrained in the Late Oligocene Krumovgrad alkaline basaltic dikes in the Eastern Rhodopes provide an unusually deep view into the mantle and lower crust of two metamorphic core complexes and an opportunity to test the models proposed for the role of magmatism in the core complex formation. Here we provide preliminary data on the composition of these xenoliths and calculate the P-T conditions of their crystallization. On the basis of these data we conclude that ultramafic/mafic magmas crystallized at depths of 40-30 km, close to or beneath the current Moho. We speculate that this magmatism may have provided the heat for thermal events and extensional tectonics during the Late Eocene (38-35 Ma).


It is generally recognized that marketing research determines and/or adjusts the decision-making stages at the enterprise, which ultimately determines the profit or loss from the activity. There has been a slight increase in the volume of marketing research in the hryvnia equivalent on Ukrainian market in recent years. For a complete determination of the sectoral distribution and future trends of this market development, it is advisable to supplement the classification of marketing research and to find out the mutual influence on the results of economic activity.

The marketing research has been investigated by foreign researchers, such as I. Ansoff, P. Dixon, F. Kotler, M. Porter, and D. Saunders. Domestic scientists, including S. Garkavenko, Y. Krykavskyy, І.Lylyk, P. Pererva, T. Reshetilova, A. Starostina, Y. Yakovets also concentrated on these issues. However, some aspects of marketing research for ensuring the effective operation of enterprises need to be improved and further developed.

The of the article is to study the nature of marketing research, generalize and add classification. Besides, the aim is to determine and to monitor market research in Ukraine and their impact on the results of economic activity of enterprises.

In the article defined the marketing research as a process of recognizing a problem, collecting, identifying, and interpreting data. It should be in accordance with the purpose of the study to make a decision or confirmation of a previously approved one. It has been summarized the classification according to the subject of the study: research of market and counteragents, research of the marketing environment, research of the complex of marketing instruments.

It has been stated that marketing research should be systematic and complex. It is necessary to identify the problem and opportunities for further decision. Besides, it also needs to consider marketing research as a coherent and pre-planned process to cover most aspects of the subject.

The Ukrainian market of marketing research in 2017 has undergone significant changes. According to the Ukrainian Association of Marketing (UAM), the turnover of the market in 2017 amounted to about 992.07 million UAH. or $ 35.35 million [8]. It was observed that peak volumes of Ukrainian market were in 2008 and 2013. However, the smallest mark of UAH 32.3 million was in 2016. It should be noted that the volume of the market has been growing in the hryvnia equivalent throughout the period under study. The results of the analysis show a general growth of the market by 9.3% in 2017 compared to the previous one.

The food industry, beer and low-alcohol beverage producers, and the perfume industry play significant role on the business-to-consumer (B2C) market. This market takes the largest share of marketing researches. Thus, in 2016, the category of the food industry had almost 10% in a whole structure; in 2017 the category has been increasing to 13.4%. Producers of tobacco products showed a significant increase from 3.23% to 8.20%.

In the sectoral distribution of marketing research, the B2B market has a relatively small share, but in 2017 it was already 27.58%. The pharmaceutical industry has been growing significantly from 10.4% in 2016 to 18.7% in 2017 [8].

The existence of the link between the conducted marketing researches and increase of profit at the enterprises has been defined. It has been included the following areas: industry; wholesale and retail trade; information and telecommunications; financial and insurance activities; professional, scientific and technical activities.

To summarize, the marketing researches ensure the effective functioning of the company in the market through the detection of problems, search, and collection of relevant data for decision making. It is appropriate to consider marketing research according to the category of customers - B2B and B2C, or by sectoral distribution. The growth of the Ukrainian market of marketing research has shown the gradual increase in demand, and the growth of its role for modern enterprises in the recent years.


The final step in the layout of integrated circuits involves connecting a central module to a surrounding ring of pads. Hence the region to be routed is in the shape of a moat. This paper presents a practical approach to the moat routing problem. The approach is based on an efficient channel routing algorithm with additional features addressing the characteristics of the moat configuration. While signal nets are similar to those of a channel router, power nets are routed in a single layer of metal. The geometry of the moat imposes some restrictions, but often allows additional compaction of the routes. Each side of the moat requires a different amount of space to complete the routing, and each side of the pad ring may be moved independently. This produces an asymmetrical moat, which minimizes chip area and guarantees 100 percent routing completion.


The present article is a report of trials in the use of vaccine pre viously announced. The tests were arranged in two spheres of operation (the Near East and the Western Front) and in each case the incidence of bacillary dysentery was diminished among the men inoculated. Although the total incidence of dysentery was not high on the Eastern Front, there were each year two rises in the curve of inci dence among the troops, one at the commencement of hot weather and one in the fall. The men inoculated were given two doses of sero-vaccine to wards the end of the first rise in the curve. The laboratory of ficer reported that the inoculation had conferred a considerable measure of immunity. There were no ill effects from the inocula tions, except for a considerable reaction on the first day, which, however, soon passed off. There were some slight local reactions for about forty-eight hours. The number of men inoculated was 1150. There were 1550 con trols. Among the inoculated men, 9 cases of dysentery occurred, and more among men who had received only one dose. During the same period there were 66 cases of bacillary dysentery among the uninoculated. Of the 9 cases among the inoculated, 7 occurred within 4 weeks of the inoculation and only 2 at a later time. The men were observed for a period of 14 weeks. In a base camp in France 975 men were inoculated and 1361 kept as controls. There were 4 cases of dysentery among the inoculated and 14 cases among the controls. There was no agglutinin demonstrable in the serum after the


We compute the mixed multiplicities of the Rees algebra of the ideal generated by the minors of the matrix For that we have to solve the problem of counting lattice paths in a right triangle, which meet the diagonal a fixed number of times.


Objective To compare the clinical effect of the zirconia inlay and gold alloy inlay in the restoration of the second class defect of molar with vital pulp. Methods 60 teeth were randomly divided into zirconia inlay group and gold alloy inlay group, with 30 teeth in each group. Evaluate the restoration effect in 2 group at 1-year follow-up. Results At1-year follow-up, according to US Public Health Service Criteria, the success rate in anatomy zirconia group was93. 53%, which was statistically higher than that of the gold alloy group( P 0. 05). In the comparison of aesthetics, the anatomy zirconia group was superior to that of the gold alloy group. Conclusion The aesthetic and overall success rate of the anatomy zirconia inlay is superior to that of the gold alloy inlay in the restoration of the second class defect of molar with vital pulp.


BACKGROUND: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world; however, it may contain toxic compounds such as ochratoxin A (OTA). OBJECTIVES: Determine the OTA's presence in different types of coffee, intended for beverage preparation and marketed in Colombia through the application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyze its relationship with the physical, physicochemical and microbiological properties. METHODS: 8 samples of coffee commercialized in the Colombian market were selected, in which the OTA content was determined by applying the ELISA method. Likewise, a microbiological analysis was performed, and physicochemical properties were determined, such as moisture content, aw, percentage total dissolved solids (%TDS), and extraction yield (%EY). Physical properties such as free-flow densities, compacted bulk densities (CBD), porosity, average particle size (ASP), and color. The data were treated with multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) to quantitatively investigate the relationships between the coffee samples concerning their physical, physicochemical properties, and OTA content. LSD test was applied with a significance level of 95 % and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: All the samples had OTA content, but only 2 exceeded the limits allowed by the regulations, with a maximum value of 15.449 µg/Kg, which represents 31.449 % of the tolerable daily intake according to the parameters defined by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). According to the PCA and CA, the samples were grouped harmonically according to the type of coffee associated with its commercial presentation and industrial process, OTA content, and ASP. OTA content was significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with %EY, %TDS, ASP, porosity, CBD, and moisture. CONCLUSIONS: The coffees marketed in Colombia showed a variable range of OTA, where soluble coffees had higher OTA contents than roasted coffees, and 25 % of the coffees analyzed do not meet the levels defined by Colombian regulations. The OTA content in coffee is related to properties that define the ability to extract solutes from coffee.


We experimentally implement a dynamic public‐good problem, where the public good in question is the dynamically evolving information about agents' common state of the world. Subjects' behavior is consistent with free‐riding because of strategic concerns. We also find that subjects adopt more complex behaviors than predicted by the welfare‐optimal equilibrium, such as noncut‐off behavior, lonely pioneers, and frequent switches of action.


The effect of surface-conditioning of fiber-posts on the flexural strength of the post and on the adhesion between the root dentin and cement and between the fiber-post and the composite core were assessed. The fiber-posts were subjected to cleaning with alcohol (AL), treatment with AL + silane (SIL), sandblasting with Al2O3 particles + SIL, H2O2 etching + SIL, hydrofluoric acid etching + SIL, and H3PO4 etching + SIL. For comparison, another group of specimens was left unconditioned (control group). The conditioned fiber-posts were cemented to bovine roots, and standardized cylindrical resin cores were fabricated. The specimens were subjected to 106 mechanical pulses and then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of the root. Push-out tests were conducted on the sliced root sections, and microtensile testing was applied to the trimmed sliced core sections. The posts were also subjected to three-point bending tests. The surface-conditioning did not have any significant effect on the push-out strength. However, silanization increased the microtensile strength at the resin core. Sandblasting significantly decreased the flexural strength as compared to other surface treatments. Our study indicates that post surface-conditioning did not improve the post retention in the root canal, although silanization enhanced the adhesion to the core resin. Sandblasting with 125-µm alumina particles should be avoided.


Shanghai synchrotron research facility(SSRF)will be ready for use in 2009.The successful construction of this third generation resources has brought unprecedented opportunity for scientists from numerous distinct fields including physics,material sciences and life sciences in China.Research on virology,an important branch within life sciences,has received increasing attention in China since the epidemics of SARS-CoV and avian influenza.This paper presented some thoughts on potential application of SSRF on virology-related studies.The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussion,promote idea exchange and thoughts sharing,eventually towards better usage of SSRF.


Improved prediction of the days available for field work, field working days (FWDs), is an important consideration for adapting farming systems to increased weather variability. We developed modeling approaches to estimate robust soil moisture thresholds for FWDs. Model 1 used historical field work and weather records from three crop research centers in a logistic regression model. A soil moisture threshold of 1.10 times the plastic limit (1.10PL) was identified. Model 2 identified statewide soil moisture and temperature thresholds by optimizing the root mean square error of the predicted number of weekly statewide FWDs across a 52-year dataset. The resulting thresholds of either 0.88PL or 0.73FC and a mid-range temperature requirement of at least 6°C yielded statistically smaller absolute errors in most crop reporting districts and eliminated systematic over-prediction of previous thresholds. Immutable theoretical thresholds for FWDs can be sub-optimal due to consistent prediction bias. 2.


It has been proposed recently that a description of the magnetosphere as a system in a state of self-organized criticality would be fruitful for understanding (and predicting) the global response to solar wind input. In this paper it is shown that the proposed description fits the characteristics of magnetotail plasma flows and their variability. According to observations, the magnetotail is in a bi-modal state: nearly stagnant, except when driven turbulent by transport-efficient fast flows. The distributions of flows are in agreement with sporadic (intermittent) variability in the magnetotail. The variability may resemble hydrodynamic turbulence around a jet. The presence of turbulence alters the conductivity and the mass/momentum diffusion properties across the plasma sheet and may permit cross-scale coupling of localized jets into a global perturbation. Bursty-flow-driven turbulence is a physical process that may have an important role to play in the establishment of a state of self-organized criticality.


The microwave impedance of high current Al0.3 Ga0.7 As-GaAs-Al0.3 Ga0.7 As resonant tunneling diodes is measured from 0.1 to 12.1 GHz over a large bias range at 300 K. Using an equivalent circuit model, the bias dependence of intrinsic conductance and capacitance suffice to explain the pronounced variations of impedance.


Aim:  To determine the efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of chronic refractory pouchitis complicated by fistulae following ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.


In this paper, we design a mechanism to schedule DiffServ' PHB packets.Using this mechanism,a DS node can realize more than one PHB,and this mechanism can mostly assure bursting packets performance.


The present manuscript focussed on the hygroscopic behaviors of some of the nitrate aerosols and their mixtures with water-soluble organic acids at different fractions using a hygroscopic tandem DMA. The authors explained the hygroscopic behaviors of all investigated salts and mixtures by comparing with ZSR model and some previous studies. They explained the difference between the measured and predicted growth factors in terms of initial phase state and mass transfer limitation. The authors have published several papers on hygroscopic behaviors of various compounds and their mixing with water-soluble organic acids, hence; methodology and data analysis are trustworthy and sound. However, there are many speculations and biased statements in the manuscript. The authors have drawn conclusions without providing evidence. It is hard to believe for the same reasons (dissolution and mass transfer limitation) to the


Late results of the late secondary suture application in patients with old injury of the fingers flexors tendons in critical zone were studied up. Suture was conducted in term from 5 to 12 weeks after the trauma occurrence for the injuries, localized in zones 2A and 2D according to Tang (1994). Indications for the operation and the technique of procedure were substantiated.


We describe a correcting operator for those pseudo-orbits of the quadratic complex Hénon map that remain bounded away from the origin by an amount that depends on the map. The iterates of the operator converge to a holomorphic motion that respects the dynamics. This computational procedure is then applied in the contexts of horseshoes and solenoids.


The use of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) has become a standard technique for the microstructural analysis of crystalline materials [1]. Since its introduction a decade ago, the data collection speeds have increased by over two orders of magnitude. The latest increases have been brought about by the use of megapixel CCD cameras that produce frame rates greater than 60 frames per second (fps) [2]. These rates are achieved by using the camera in a binning mode, where several pixels on the CCD chip are combined together to create a single effective pixel. In this work, the effect of pixel binning and acquisition speed on the accuracy of OIM scans is examined.


In this interview with the writer and artists of the noncommercial collaborative project, "My So-Called Secret Identity," interviewees answer questions on the origins of the project and their own creative processes as they attempt to "build a better Batgirl."


Airborne laser scanning of the earth surface and other objects on top it yields measurements of unstructured point clouds in a strip wise manner. Often multiple length strips with a small overlap are observed, sometimes augmented by a few cross strips for validation purposes. Due to inaccurate calibration of the entire measurement system and due to the limited accuracy of direct geo-referencing (i.e., the exterior orientation determination) with GPS and IMU, including systematic errors, adjacent strips may have discrepancies in their overlap. For removing these discrepancies strip adjustment algorithms require quantification on these offsets at various locations within the overlapping zones. Different methods of strip adjustment are reviewed, followed by the presentation of a general method for determining the discrepancies automatically. This method – the core of the paper – is based on segmenting the point cloud in the overlap. In the examples, mean offsets between neighboring strips in the order of a few centimeters are reconstructed. The offsets also show substantial variation along the strip. The method developed for discrepancy determination can be applied to height or full 3D strip adjustment and for approaches using the original measurements, the coordinates of the measured points, or only the offsets between surfaces. An example of strip adjustment using discrepancy observations with the method presented and a discussion of the results conclude this paper.


Successful destination branding strategies require the commitment and mobilization of internal stakeholders in order to reinforce the communication of the brand message to the tourist market. To this purpose, the literature suggests that adopting an inclusive and participative approach to the branding process can increase and maintain the stakeholders' willingness to share the brand mission. However, the results of such sharing and involvement strategies in terms of internal brand equity creation are still under research. In order to fill such a gap, the article proposes to build on the established consumer-based brand equity model for assessing the internal stakeholder-based brand equity of tourist destinations. The model, comprising four dimensions – brand awareness, image, commitment, and satisfaction/loyalty – is then applied to the analysis of South Tyrol's (Italy) regional branding strategy, through a survey of internal brand users. Findings confirm the importance of a participative approach to the branding process in order to enhance its overall internal equity. Findings also show a relevant information gap regarding brand performance that impacts the stakeholders' commitment. This confirms the link between the internal and external performance of destination brands. Moreover, significant differences in the levels of brand awareness, commitment, and satisfaction among different categories of stakeholders suggest that the brand authorities should enact targeted internal communication efforts.


A quarter of all preschool children in Sweden have migrant backgrounds. This article explores preschool principals' views on how societal and cultural changes have affected the demands on staff in multicultural preschools. In the study, twelve principals were interviewed in focus
 groups where they identified tensions and contradictions for teachers and parents. These are explored through "Dilemmatic spaces", a conceptual framework that makes it possible to analyse teachers' everyday practice in relation to societal changes. This article presents the
 dilemmatic axes that were identified, including preschool teachers' efforts to show respect for other cultures, versus upholding Swedish culture; and to consider immigrant parents' expectations versus communicating Swedish values, policies and routines.


Studies of English and French show that children's first articles are more likely to appear when they can be prosodified as part of a disyllabic foot (cf. Gerken, 1996; Demuth & Tremblay, 2008). However, preliminary studies of Spanish suggest that children's first articles appear in larger prosodic structures, possibly due to the higher frequency of longer words. To assess this issue, this study examined longitudinal data from two Spanish 1to 2-year-olds. As expected, both produced their early articles with monosyllabic and disyllabic nouns, rapidly expanding article use to trisyllabic nouns as well. The results suggest that the prosodic complexity of the lexicon plays an important role in the development of prosodic structure, providing the context for early prosodic licensing of grammatical morphemes. Corresponding author: Katherine Demuth, Linguistics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 396796 FLAXXX10.1177/0142723710396796Demuth et al.First Language


Objective To monitor and analyze the hygienic status of aquatic products in Shenzhen in order to understand the pollution of aquatic products. Method 331 aquatic samples including fish,shellfish and other aquatic products were collected by random from restaurants,fairs and supermarkets in Shenzhen from 2006 to 2008. Hygienic evaluation was based on the results of testing items including heavy metals,pesticides,pathogenic bacteria,clonorchis sinensis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus etc. Results The pollution rates of aquatic products were 8. 62% ,3. 09% and 20. 19% in 2006,2007 and 2008 respectively. The main pollutant items were vibrioparahaemolyticus,lead and nitrite,and the qualified rates of main polluted fish breeds were 28. 13% in grass carp,25. 93% in freshwater grouper. The contents of shellfish toxin were not exceeded the standards in 7 samples. The pollution rates of clonorchis sinensis were high,20. 00% in grass carp, 17. 14% in tilapia and 12% in crucian. Conclusion The hygienic inspection and guidance for cultivating,marketing and consuming aquatic products should be enhanced. In order to ensure the food safety for consumers,reducing the intake of raw or undercooked aquatic products is necessary.


Opera is a comprehensive performing art in which opera costume plays an important role.Chinese opera can be said to be a role-playing art.Between actors and roles,theatrical costume plays a key role.This paper attempts to illustrate the important role of costume in the whole opera performance from three aspects—symbolism,prescriptivism,and the nature of dance.


Entropy of the Kerr-Newman black hole is calculated via the brick wall method with maintaining careful attention to the contribution of superradiant scalar modes. It turns out that the nonsuperradinat and superradiant modes simultaneously contribute to the entropy with the same order in terms of the brick wall cutoff ǫ. In particular, the contribution of the superradiant modes to the entropy is negative. It is shown that θ-dependence structure of the brick wall cutoff is given by a lower bound of the angular velocity and naturally requires an angular cutoff δ. Finally, if the cutoff values, ǫ and δ, satisfy a proper relation between them, the resulting entropy satisfies the area law. E-mail address : firstname.lastname@example.com E-mail address : firstname.lastname@example.com E-mail address : email@example.com E-mail address : firstname.lastname@example.com 1


Iris localization is an important step in iris recognition system and performance of the recognition system depends on the accuracy of the localization. In this paper, we have proposed an iris localization method. Here, we identify both outer and inner circular boundary of the iris. The present method has two basic steps: edge points detection and circular Hough transform. Before applying these steps, we define the bounding boxes for iris region and pupil area. Bounding box reduces the searching complexity of the Hough transform and results to a fast localization method.


Madrid in 1982-1983. The remaining I I Spanish subjects not reacting with the B consensus peptidc PI included the 3 previously mentioned IDUs with slow disease progression, 2 of them with A/C subtypes, and 1 with mixed B plus E seroreactivity. Another subject showed an indeterminate pattern ofreactivity: he could have been infected by serotype E, or by a B subtype variant not reacting with peptide PI, or represent someone during seroconversion. He was a 32-year-old male gipsy who likely had acquired HIV-I infection by sex. A 49-year-old male, born in Spain, was infected by serotype A/C, and most likely he had acquired the HIV-1 infection by heterosexual promiscuous contacts in Africa. Lastly, 4 Spanish-born individuals showed exclusive reactivity with the HIV-2 peptide. These sera as well as two other samples from Africans showing the same reactivity were further characterized by PCR, examining DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells. All of them were confirmed as HIV-2-positive. All four Spanish natives with HIV-2 infection admitted heterosexual contacts with West Africans. All but 3 of45 HIV-infected immigrants living in Madrid could be typed. Thirty-three had infection by serotype B, and 6 showed a unique pattern of seroreactivity suggesting infection by subtype C. They came from Mali (2cases), Senegal, Liberia and the Ivory Coast (2 cases). Another subject, a 36-year-old Brazilian homosexual male, showed a mixed reactivity B plus E peptides. Whether it represents true coinfection or just a single infection and cross-reactivity needs to be confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis, which is currently in progress. The remaiming two cases were those previously mentioned with HIV-2 infection. These subjects had probably acquired HIV infection by sexual contacts. In conclusion, we show that most HIV-seropositive individuals in Spain can be typed using the PEIA. Similar results pointing out the reliability of PElAs have been reported by others [7,8]. In Spain, serotype B is the most prevalent circulating HIV-1 variant, both in natives and immigrants. However, serotype C is frequently detected in African immigrants living in Madrid. The risk of the dispersal od different HIV-I subtypes into different regions of the world with previously restricted genetic diversity should be noted and may have important implications for the design and implementation of diagnostic tests and vaccine trials. Lastly, it is noteworthy that 2 subjects in this study might be infected by B plus E subtypes or have HIV-1 strains leading to cross-reactivity. Infection with more than one HIV-I subtype has recently been reported in 2 persons in Thailand [9]. Genetic characterization ofthese two samples is still in progress. In this study, no particular association was found between a specific HIV-1 serotype and a different rate of disease progression.


A new approach to the one-particle Green's functions $\mathit{G}$ for finite electronic systems is presented. This approach is based on the diagrammatic perturbation expansions of the Green's function and of the dynamic self-energy part $\mathit{M}$ related to $\mathit{G}$ via the Dyson equation. The exact summation of the latter expansion is reformulated in terms of a simple algebraic form referred to as algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC). The ADC defines in a systematical way a set of approximation schemes ($n\mathrm{th}$-order ADC schemes) that represent infinite partial summations for $\mathit{M}$ and (via the Dyson equation) for $\mathit{G}$ being complete through $n\mathrm{th}$ order of perturbation theory. The corresponding mathematical procedures are essentially Hermitian eigenvalue problems in restricted configuration spaces of unperturbed ionic configurations. Explicit equations for the second-, third-, and fourth-order ADC schemes are derived and analyzed. While the second- and third-order schemes can be viewed as systematic rederivations of previous approximation schemes, the fourth-order ADC scheme represents a complete fourth-order approximation for the self-energy and the one-particle Green's function which was hitherto not available.


Objective To understand dust mite allergy among children and staffs.Methods Skin prick test (SPT) was performed among 2 360 children and staffs selected randomly in Huainan area.Results The total positivity rate was 13.86%, the rate was 13.75% and 14.00% in males and in females respectively(P0.05). Among SPT positive individuals, 188 suffered from rhinitis, asthma, dermatitis, urticaria and drug anaphylaxis, the incidence rate was 57.49%, which was higher than that among SPT negative individuals(P0.01). Among 474 individuals with respiratory disorders and dermatogic diseases, 212 were SPT positive, the positivity rate was 44.73%, which was higher than that among without respiratory disorders and dermatogic diseases(P0.01).Conclusion More attention should be paid to intramural dust mite allergy.


Solid waste separation at source in Jenin was evaluated in this thesis through a pilot in Sabah Al-Khair residential complex, north of Jenin city. The subject of solid waste in Jenin area in terms of sources and the current system of management was addressed. In addition, the thesis identified the factors affecting the management of solid waste in Jenin area. Data collection was mainly based on a questionnaire and other supporting means such as interviews with staff involved in waste management and observations and documentary analysis. The pilot study which was applied on Sabah Al-Khair suburb measured the degree of people's commitment to the separation of solid waste at source. Special waste containers of sorting were distributed in four different points (gatherings) in the suburb; each point contained two containers; one for wet organic waste and the other for dry waste. Baskets and bags intended for sorting have been distributed to the households. The study estimated the proportion of organic waste from the total household wastes. Daily household generation rates of solid waste in Jenin city were also estimated. The proportion of organic waste was found at 57.1%, while the proportion of all remaining materials formed 42.9% and the daily household


In attempting in Retour à Reims (2009) to retrieve his earlier life experience, the sociologist Didier Eribon conveys the affective charge associated with the return to his working-class origins. The current study considers how the social and sexual obstacles that such a return brings means that the encounter with the real is frequently filtered through a series of intertextual references. With notions of digression and detour (theoretical, textual and bibliographical) forming a recurring feature in the work, access to the real thus comes via a process of circuitous re-appropriation. Eribon's textual detours involve consideration of figures such as Foucault, Bourdieu and Wideman whose choices, respectively, of the fields of the historical archive, sociological enquiry and the genre of autobiography Eribon explores.


Recent modifications to Sydney County Council's High Power Test Station are described, and reasons for these modifications presented. Particular reference is made to methods used to increase the prospective transient recovery voltage characteristics of the station and the calculation used to predict the TRV improvement.


Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Sinai Peninsula. The sand fly and reservoirs were investigated in Suez G., since new settlements and land reclamation programs are ongoing. The results showed that Phlebotomus papatasi reached its highest density in September. The successfully colonized P. papatasi facilitated its biology and competence study. An autogenous trait was proven within P. papatasi population indicating its ability to survive and breed during adverse conditions. The vector competence was carried out under laboratory condition through feeding on lesion of a L. major experimentally infected hamster and by membrane feeding technique. Both hamsters and BALB-c mice inoculated with L. major developed ZCL lesions.


Colouration of textile materials is most important step in whole chemical processing of textiles department. There are various sources of obtain colours/dyes for the application. Natural dyes are the one of the emerging area in the field of dyeing of textile materials due to their eco-friendly in nature. In the present study the kasunda flower powder is used as a dye along with the mordants, which improves the dye up take and colour strength. The kasunda flower powder and natural mordants were applied in different concentrations to cotton fabrics and measured the colour strength in terms of K/S and washing fastness properties.


Purpose – Drawing on the resource-based view and network theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of external networks (ENs) and absorptive capacity (AC) in export market location decision of emerging economy firms (EEFs) and the performance implication of this decision. Design/methodology/approach – This study employs structural equation modeling to test three hypotheses: first, ENs influence an EEF manager's propensity to enter culturally/psychically distant markets for exports. Distant markets are more likely to be chosen by managers of firms with abundant ENs. Second, AC moderates this network-market location relationship. Third, superior performance results from the fit between managers' propensity to enter a market and firms' levels of ENs and AC. Findings – An analysis of 196 Chinese exporting firms supports the hypotheses. Research limitations/implications – Though the theoretical discussion is general, the empirical context is specific to Chinese export manufacturers. Replicat...


This article sets up the indexes of the Evaluation for Webquest,and introduces the principle part、the way and the procedure of the Evaluation,and then uses the fuzzy evaluation evaluates a Webquest,and it may help teachters walk out the wrong way of information and course integration.


The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with acetone was studied in the presence and absence of hydrogen ion. I n both cases the initial stable peroxide formed was the hitherto unknown 2,2-dihydroperoxypropane (I). Without hydrogen ion this peroxide is the main product which slowly undergoes a free radical change to 2,2'-dihydroperoxydipropyl peroxide (111) and other higher peroxides. I n the presence of hydrogen ion and excess of acetone peroxide I is converted via peroxide I11 into a cyclic trimer in high yields.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are tightly involved in normal cell functions as well as in development of a wide variety of pathologies. Commonly used for ROS detection, dichlorofluorescein (DCF) derivatives have several serious disadvantages: they are not specific (i.e. they are sensitive to multiple types of ROS); they cannot be targeted to specific intracellular compartments; and, most importantly, they can produce ROS upon light exposure, which results in artifactual ROS generation and signal amplification. HyPer is the first fully genetically encoded fluorescent sensor capable of detecting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), one of the main ROS generated by cells [Belousov et al. 2006]. Developed on the basis of yellow fluorescent protein inserted into the regulatory domain of E. coli protein OxyR (OxyR-RD) [Choi et al. 2001], HyPer demonstrates submicromolar affinity to hydrogen peroxide and is insensitive to other oxidants tested, such as superoxide, oxidized glutathione, nitric oxide, and peroxinitrite. HyPer does not cause artifactual ROS generation and can be used for detection of fast changes of H2O2 concentration in different cell compartments under various physiological and pathological conditions.


We study configurations of intersecting domain walls in a Wess–Zumino model with three vacua. We introduce a volume-preserving flow and show that its static solutions are configurations of intersecting domain walls that form double bubbles, that is, minimal area surfaces which enclose and separate two prescribed volumes. To illustrate this field theory approach to double bubbles, we use domain walls to reconstruct the phase diagram for double bubbles in the flat square two-torus and also construct all known examples of double bubbles in the flat cubic three-torus.


The trackers based on discriminative correlation filter (DCF) have achieved remarkable performance in visual target tracking in recent years. Since the targets are usually affected by various factors such as deformation, rotation, motion blur and so on, the trackers have to update the templates for tracking online. The purpose of template update is to adapt to the target changes, the magnitude of which is closely related to the motion state of the target. Actually, the learning rate of template update indicates the weight of the historical sample, and its value is fixed in most existing trackers, which will decrease the precision of the tracker or make the tracker unstable. In this study, a new dynamic learning rate method for template update is proposed for visual target tracking. The motion state of the target is defined by the difference in target center position between the frames. Then, the learning rate is adjusted dynamically according to the motion state of the target instead of the fixed value, which could achieve better performance. Experiments on the popular datasets OTB100 and UAV123 show that with the proposed dynamic learning rate for template update, the DCF-based trackers can improve tracking accuracy and obtain better tracking stability in scenarios such as fast movement and motion blur.


Abstract In 2-year outdoor pots experiment, which was realised in the vegetation cage situated in the campus of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, both the impact of different doses of vermicompost (Vc) (0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 50%) and the number of earthworms (EW) (0, 10 and 20 individuals/pot) in the soil substrate were studied on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of radish yield. The achieved results show that along with the increasing quantity of Vc, the total chlorophyll content also increased proportionally. The content of vitamin C declined and the content of nitrates increased in both the aboveground and underground biomass. The weight of the roots and leaves of radish increased until the content of Vc in the substrate did not exceed 20%. Vermicompost abundance >20% led to the decline of root and leaf biomass formation. The root yield and leaf biomass were higher in the presence of 50% Vc content in the substrate, compared with the control. The EW had mostly a negative impact on radish phytomass formation, particularly both weight and root diameter. The highest percentage of roots weight decline cultivated in the treatment with EW were obtained with the least dose of Vc (10%), thereby the least quantity of fodder for the EW. The impact of EW on the total chlorophyll, vitamin C and nitrates contents in roots and leaves was non-significant. The number of EW did not influence the root diameter and content of vitamin C; however, it affected the root weight.


In the COVID-19 and post-pandemic business environment, leveraging robust Internet of Things (IoT) security risk management strategies becomes of particular importance to IoT adopters. Thus, given that no research study was found to exclusively focus on the current state of IoT security risk management strategies in organizations, this article aims to support IoT security practitioners to peer benchmark and enhance their IoT security risk management strategies. In a nutshell, this study relies on a mixed methods research methodology, and its main contribution is the determination of the current state of the IoT security risk management strategies in the surveyed organizations relative to our IoT Security Risk Management Strategy Reference Model (IoTSRM2). Hence, this study entails designing and conducting a survey, analyzing survey responses, and reporting survey results based on our IoTSRM2 and proposed three-phased survey methodology. Furthermore, before discussing the related work, this article provides our survey results for the surveyed large and small-medium organizations, the surveyed large organizations, and the surveyed large Technology, Media, and Telecom (TMT) organizations. For instance, our results reveal that while most surveyed organizations perform IoT risk assessments and focus on IoT infrastructure resilience, they fail in strategizing IoT governance and risk management, among others.


Normalization of oesophageal acid exposure using high dose proton pump inhibitors in patients who are candidates for ablation therapy has been suggested to be essential for successful Barrett's reversal. However, the success rate for achieving pH normalization has not been determined.


their resulting relationship to a particular geographical community' (p. 84). In the big picture, though, this strikes me as less significant that the surprising convergence of popular sensibilities in Boston and Macclesfield. In their conclusion, the authors note that much of the discourse they recorded is in fact 'placeless' and resonates 'closely with many current tropes of media and political discourse on "law and order" ' (p. 90). But they provide little analysis of these broader cultural and political discourses and their mode of influence on the people of Macclesfield. Given the striking isomorphism in the discourse of Bostonians and Macclesfield residents, we might ask: Are we witness here to the ideological consequences of real experiences of family and community change (cf. Ehrenhalt's The Lost City2)? Or are we merely seeing the sedimentation, into common sense, of the Reagan/Thatcher backlash rhetoric against feminism and civil rights? Given the massive expansion of punitive criminal justice, in both England and the US, the question is of more than passing interest. Answering it will require additional ethnographies of crime talk in a wider range of countries. Crime and social change in middle England provides a fine model for such research.


CAI Yuan-ding, born in Jianyang (a city in Fujian province today), is a know-all who did research into a host of fields, ranging from Confucianism, Confucian classics to music and medicine. He is known for "Even Medicine Cannot Work If the Pulse of a Patient is not in Line With his Symptoms" owing to his outstanding expertise in medicine.


In order to investigate the effects of lattice mismatch between FePt thin films and single-crystal substrates on the tetragonality and magnetization process, FePt thin films were fabricated on several single-crystal substrates such as KTaO3 (KTO) (100), MgAl2O4 (MAO) (100), and MgO(100) at a substrate temperature of 700 °C. The Fe content of the FePt films was varied from 45.0 to 50.8 at. %. In addition to the fundamental (002) peak, the (001) and (003) superlattice peaks were clearly observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples, indicating the formation of the L10-ordered structure. The magnetization measurements show that all the samples were perpendicularly magnetized. Coercivities (Hc) of 57.8, 52.5, and 3.3 kOe were obtained for the films with Fe49.3Pt50.7 (at. %) deposited on the MgO, MAO, and KTO substrates. The marked reduction in Hc is considered to arise from the morphology of FePt thin films.


This paper presents an analysis of nonlinear distortion generated in Multi-Port- Amplifier (MPA) systems that have attracted considerable attention for their potential use in multi-beam mobile satellite communications. The MPA configuration is a special one composed of a power divider, a power combiner and an array of high power amplifiers (HPAs). The HPA nonlinear characteristics degrade the MPA linearity. Intermodulation (IM) products generated by this nonlinearity cause interference with signals and degrade the signal transmission performance. We investigated the dominant third-order IM (IM3) performance of an MPA under HPA nonlinear operations by taking the specific properties of the MPA configuration into account and showed that it was possible to improve the carrier level to a third-order IM (C/IM3) ratio by properly assigning multiple carriers to multiple MPA ports without adding any additional circuits. Based on these results, we proposed an amplifier system immune to IM3 interference and a frequency assignment method effective in improving the C/IM3 ratio in an MPA system. The analysis and our proposed system will help make it possible to construct a power-efficient satellite system with a simple configuration not only for multibeam mobile communications but also for other uses.


Although Oklahoma is basically a state with an agricultural economy, it has demonstrated an accelerated industrialization that has superimposed a widened spectrum of manufacturing, trade, and service organizations onto its indigenous petroleum enterprises. In the years after World War II, an increase in industrial payrolls from $1,839,000,000 to $2,677,000,000 has been viewed, accompanied interestingly enough by a decrease in farm workers of about 23,000.1Paralleling this knowledge has been the recognition of the goal patterns of the graduates of the University of Oklahoma school of medicine. Within the past five years approximately 70% of the students completing the medical curriculum have established themselves in general practice in this state,2which in nearly all instances is native to them. Since it was keenly aware of these developments, the curriculum committee of the faculty felt that the university should recognize its responsibilities to both the community served by it and


Given a set of training instances of sequences (time series), the problem of anomalistic sequence detection is to predict whether a newly observed time series novel or normal. Anomalistic sequence detection is very useful in many monitoring applications such as video surveillance and signal recognition. In this paper, we extend existing distance-based outlier detection algorithms to address the anomaly detection problem, and propose an instance-based anomaly detection algorithm. We study the effectiveness of these algorithms on some commonly used distance measures of time series. Experiments show that the instance-based algorithm under warping distances such as DTW and EDR achieves much better accuracy than the other combination. We observe that the actual distance calculation of warping distances contributes the main bulk of computational cost of anomaly detection. To improve the efficiency, we propose a local instance summarisation approach, called VarSpace, which reduces distance calculation by summarising similar training instances. Experiments show that the VarSpace approach can improve the efficiency of instance-based anomaly detection significantly.


Using examples come from draughts and contract bridge, I explore the sonification of competitive games. We will see how different aspects of game play can be highlighted by different choices and, in so doing, how to create compelling sonic experiences, both in their own right, and as a basis for elaborated musical compositions.


Our aim in this paper is to extend the matched subspace detectors (MSDs) of [1–3] to the detection of stochastic signals. In [1–3] the signal to be detected was assumed to be placed deterministically at an unknown location in a known signal subspace. The basis for the subspace was irrelevant. In this paper the signal is assumed to be placed randomly at an unknown location in a known subspace. If nothing is known a priori about the second-order moments of the placement, then the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for a stochastic signal turns out to be identical to the GLRT for a deterministic signal. Consequently, the MSDs are more general than originally thought, applying to the detection of a signal whose mean value or covariance matrix is modulated by a subspace signal. Moreover, the invariance sets for stochastic MSDs are identical to those of the corresponding deterministic MSD. The results of this paper extend the theory of MSDs to radar and sonar problems where random target effects may be modeled, and to data communication problems where symbols are coded by subspaces, rather than coordinates of subspaces. ∗This work supported by John Tague of ONR under contract N00014-00-C-0145. †This work supported by John Tague of ONR under contract N00014-01-1-1019-P0001.


Technology has increased the interest and demand for pervasive systems which require contextual information to function at optimal capacity. There have been numbers of research in context-aware systems that has limited focused on the semantic-based approach in the crowdsourcing domain. Thus, it promotes challenges in the context and service acquisition and representation for reasoning control mechanism. This paper aims to review semantic-based reasoning framework with a focus on the mobile crowdsourcing domain. Different domains acquire different contextual information, either extrinsic or intrinsic. The review of the frameworks has help to formulate a process framework that applied semantic approach that has the important component for context-aware reasoning process. The framework can be used in the context-aware mobile crowdsourcing domain or can be generalized to other domain to aid reasoning control. Its advantage over other crowdsourcing frameworks which is focuses not only on context and service acquisition but also the representation on the acquired information.


Whether or not the C terminus of MADS box proteins is relevant for their function as transcription factors and how floral homeotic complexes are specified remain open questions. This work shows that the floral homeotic B class MADS domain protein SEIRENE from California poppy requires its entire C-terminal domain for homeotic complex formation with specific C and E class proteins. The products of B class floral homeotic genes specify petal and stamen identity, and loss of B function results in homeotic conversions of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of seirena-1 (sei-1), a mutant from the basal eudicot California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) that shows homeotic changes characteristic of floral homeotic B class mutants. SEI has been previously described as EScaGLO, one of four B class–related MADS box genes in California poppy. The C terminus of SEI, including the highly conserved PI motif, is truncated in sei-1 proteins. Nevertheless, like the wild-type SEI protein, the sei-1 mutant protein is able to bind CArG-boxes and can form homodimers, heterodimers, and several higher order complexes with other MADS domain proteins. However, unlike the wild type, the mutant protein is not able to mediate higher order complexes consisting of specific B, C, and putative E class related proteins likely involved in specifying stamen identity. Within the PI motif, five highly conserved N-terminal amino acids are specifically required for this interaction. Several families lack this short conserved sequence, including the Brassicaceae, and we propose an evolutionary scenario to explain these functional differences.


......................................... Received: 08-05-17 Accepted: 22-01-18 Abstract We report the case of a 47-year-old patient initially diagnosed with a Krukenberg tumor, an adnexal lesion 10 cm in diameter and a 3 cm lesion in the gastric corpus. A biopsy showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells. Initial laparoscopy showed an index of peritoneal carcinomatosis of 24 which indicated chemotherapy with palliative intent (cisplatin and capecitabine). The patient improved significantly and underwent a total hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy. Chemotherapy continued with excellent clinical response as evidenced in CT scans. Together with the patient's family, it was decided that she should undergo surgery. A total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy with curative intent was performed. The patient continued to receive capecitabine and cisplatin for three more months until para-aortic lymph node involvement was demonstrated and it became necessary to restart chemotherapy with a new scheme using iriniotecan. The patient has completed 22 months after the initial diagnosis in very good and clinical condition without symptoms.


Minimization of steric interactions between the phosphane ligands as well as the geometry of the bridging ligands are responsible for the selective formation of tetranuclear macrocycle 1 in the reaction of [PdCl2(PEt3)2] with an equimolar quantity of o-diethynylbenzene, though the angle of 60° between the two acetylene groups would be expected to result in a trinuclear complex.


Although precipitation of calcium salts in a liquid form, the so-called "milk of calcium" is not an unusual finding in the gall-bladder, it is very rarely found in the kidneys. Only three cases of the latter condition have been published in the world literature (Howell, 1959; Walker, Pearson and Johnson, 1960; Pullman and King, 1962). The "milk of calcium" in the gall-bladder is usually a suspension of precipitated calcium carbonate. Data concerning the chemical composition of similar precipitations in the urinary tract are very sparse. Chemical examination was carried out only in the case of Walker et. al. (1960) where calcium carbonate was found. Owing to its specific gravity the "milk of calcium" is layered below the other body fluids with a sharp horizontal delineation between them. It is uncertain why in some cases calcium salts are present only in the form of a suspension. Genuine calculus formation may be present within "milk of calcium" in the urinary tract as well as in the gall-bladder.


The products of reactions between the thiolates [{Mn(CO)4(SR)}2], [(cp)Fe(CO)2(SR)], [{Fe(CO)3(SR)}2], [{(cp)Co(SCF3)}2], [(cp)Co(CO)(SC6F5)2], and [{Co(CO)3(SC6F5)}2](R = CF3 or C6F5) and the alkynes C(CF3)⋮C(CF3) and C(CF3)⋮CH are described. The products include metallothiacyclobutenes [Mn(CO)4{(alkyne)SR}] and [(cp)Fe(CO){(alkyne)SR}], metallated vinyls [(cp)Fe(CO)2{(alkyne)SR}], dimetallated olefins [{Fe(CO)3(SR)}2(alkyne)], η4-C4S complexes [Mn(CO)3{(alkyne)2SR}] and [(cp)Fe{(alkyne)2SR}], the η4 benzene complex [(cp)CO{(alkyne)3}], and the 'flyover' complex [Co2(CO)4{(alkyne)2S}](cp =η-cyclo-pentadienyl).


After more than 2 years, I finally got my first spam comment on Known. Otherwise, it's been rock solid. @WithKnown + #webmentions #FTW


INTRODUCTION
Derived from business practices co-creation theory indicates that patient can be a source of value and actively contribute to it.

METERIAL AND METHODS
DART model - most popular conceptualizing framework for value creation - was presented. Considering the multiplicity of perspectives of a large stakeholders group appearing in the healthcare system a direction of its development was also proposed.

AIM
The possibility of using quantitative methods to study value creation between empowered patients and selected stakeholders was tested as well as work of the questionnaire that was adapted from value creation research based on the DART model that was conducted among entrepreneurs.

RESULTS
Substantial number of inadequate questions in relation to the respondents' experience was indicated on the other hand the need to include further groups of stakeholders was emphasized. The results signal the possibility of significant differences in the perception of meeting the requirements for co-creating value with patients by individual stakeholders, such as: doctors, state offices or pharmaceutical companies.

DISCUSSION
Different perception of value makes difficult to find universal tools for measuring it. However, the economic and humanitarian importance of the issue in the healthcare system necessitates such tools further development.

CONCLUSIONS
The tested tool has limited application in the healthcare system but may provide valuable information on the relationship between the patient and doctor or other stakeholder pairs as well as in selected contexts of co-creation.


The complexity of conducting community-based participatory research (CBPR) at a small Romani organization is described through montage. Articulating with a desire for social change and the correction of the multiple injustices meted out to those who identify as Roma, CBPR commends collaborative research with a community. However, the researcher found herself not only working with the community but also doing work for them and about them—activities that do not sit comfortably with the CBPR approach. The researcher's disparate roles are presented as vignette, dialogue, and in graphic form corresponding to three prepositions, for/about/with. In this way, she illustrates the tensions associated with the process of conducting CBPR from her proximate position in the organization.


Arrhythmia is a common disease.Professor Wang Hua-liang diagnosis flexibility based syndrome differentiation in clinical treatment,first identified the actual situation,deficiency or excess,and then draw a clear distinction between the primary and the secondary,and treatment both manifestation and root cause.It could obtain better clinical effect and reflecting the action of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on arrhythmia.