People have always had the need to store personal belongings safely and nowadays there is a vast amount of technology that can raise the value of access sytems by personalisation through connectivity. This project was about analysing the desire today among people for personalised and connected access systems in the area of privately used areas which can be either privately owned or shared with others. Through user journeys and other user studies together with extensive theoretical research, the project rendered a number of bullet points for design implications as well as a foundation for what to think about while designing these types of architectures. Some of the key results were that in general people are willing to give up much private data if it enhances functionality, there is a desire for a smart key that can learn behaviours and that cars seem to be a potential area for adoption as often car users. In general, peoples trust for fully automated access granting systems is low and there is a desire for certain physical inputs to feel in full control.


On all these questions Mr. Madaurin marshals an impressive mass of relevant factual information and weighs the evidence judiciously, conveniently summarizing a series of moderate conclusions in a final chapter. If he tends to lean toward the large corporations, on the one hand, because of their support of extensive and expensive research, he also recognizes fully the innovative role of independent inventors. If he is rather hard on the independent radio manufacturers in the chapter bearing the telling title, "The Perennial Gale of Competition, 1928-41," it is because they tended to place merchandising and selling ahead of fundamental research and development; and he does admit the existence of serious deficiencies in the prevailing patent policy. It is not so much a fault as it is a product of the avowedly restricted objective of this study that patents and patent litigation loom rather large in the treatment and appear to give a kind of legalistic flavor and sanction to the actual development of the industry. Two important aspects of the industry, however, manufacturing and broadcasting, receive limited and incidental attention. These are, of course, important enough to warrant separate and more adequate analysis, and it is, indeed, the special merit of this work that it opens but does not close the discussion. Mr. Madaurin has broken the ground and laid the basis for further investigation into the business as well as into the larger social and cultural aspects and implications of the American radio industry, bringing it, moreover, through the last decade to the current transition from radio to television.


Central CO2 chemoreception (CCR), a major chemical drive for breathing, can be quantified with a CO2 re‐breathing test to measure the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). An attenuated HCVR correlates with the severity of respiratory dysfunction after generalized convulsive seizures and is a potential biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may reduce SUDEP risk, but for unclear reasons the risk remains higher during the first 2 years after implantation. The vagus nerve has widespread connections in the brainstem, including key areas related to CCR. Here we examined whether chronic electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve induces changes in CCR.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the technical difficulties and open issues of resource constrained Web services,in order that the researchers can conduct innovative researches.Resource constrained Web services combine new technologies of service computing with wireless networks,mobile computing and embedded systems.It is an important enabling technology of the internet of things and an effective means of accessing cloud platform with small terminal equipments.It has broad application prospects in mobile e-business,modern healthcare,smart home and manufacturing automation et al.This paper presents the concept of the resource constrained Web services,analyzes its origin,technical features and development trends,then reviews the representative researches on service components,development tools,middleware,frameworks,specifications and applications.The contribution of this paper is that it presents a survey on resource constrained Web services and gives the research directions.


A new systematic optimization strategy for extracting the model parameters of a small-signal equivalent circuit of a microwave power GaAs MESFET is proposed. On the basis of sensitivity analysis of error functions of the model elements, a rearrangement of the optimization sequence of sub-error functions referring to the model element sensitivities from large to small, and a transformation of optimization directions of error functions along with optimal directions, the global-error function is fast convergent under given starting values. In addition, the logarithmic damping algorithm is also proposed for stabilizing the final results by controlling the updates of insensitive model elements. The proposed approach is applied to extract the parameters of a microwave power GaAs MESFET chip with gate-width 2100 /spl mu/m under different biases. The results show that the agreement is good between the calculated values and the MESFET measurement data.


The paper is focused on constructing models of professionally-oriented teaching mathematics to correspondence students majoring in psychology in terms of content and teaching levels.


The paper studies the role of population mobility in the transformation of the Mae Sa village community in Mae Rim District of Chiang Mai Province northern Thailand. Data for the analysis derive from an in-depth investigation in 1976-1977 and successive studies over the following 22 years including a substantial reinvestigation in 1995-1996. In these two decades the village has been transformed from a traditional agricultural community to a modern rural community with considerable employment outside the village and other links to the outside world. The paper discusses the complexity of the in- and out- migration process and the significance of the roles played by permanent and non-permanent migration in the transformation of the village resource base and social institutions. Special attention is given to social relations at the individual family and community levels with implications on the definition of movement for the people of Mae Sa. (authors)


Research in the field of Human Activity has been motivated by a number of factors. Whether it is to derive human based activity behavior for 3D models, or for identity recognition using gait, or for medical purposes, HAR is indispensable. Our research proposal a generic framework for recognition of various human activities namely- Jogging, Walking, Sitting, Standing, Upstairs, Downstairs. We applied a number of standard machine learning algorithms and have got the best results by using the Random Forest algorithm approach. Human Activity Recognition is an important aspect of computer vision and its applications. It is highly significant, as it gives us an automated analysis of occurring events and their context. Our model gives us the best accuracy of 98%.


This thesis is concerned with the development of estimation techniques in four models involving statistical inverse problems with noise in the operator. Firstly, we consider a density deconvolution model on the real line: a probability density is to be estimated from observations which are subject to an independent additive measurement error. Assuming that the error is centered and normally distributed with unknown variance, we develop an intuitive time-domain condition on the target density which allows for its identification and consistent estimation by means of a minimum distance estimator. Next, we consider a stochastic frontier model. Our aim consists in estimating the support boundary of a two dimensional probability distribution based on observations with independent additive and normally distributed noise in one dimension. Exploiting the deconvolution techniques from the first chapter, we develop a consistent two step procedure for the non parametric estimation of the frontier, using in particular the m-frontier technique. In the following chapter, we look at the special density deconvolution model where the densities are supported on the circle instead of the real line. We drop the normality hypothesis for the error distribution. Instead, we assume that in addition to the sample of contaminated observations, a sample drawn from the error distribution is available. Minimax theory in both sample sizes is developed and a fully data-driven estimator is defined and shown to be minimax optimal over a wide range of density classes. Finally, we consider a regression model with instrumental variables. The minimax rates for the non parametric estimation of the structural function are developed and shown to be attained by an adaptive estimator in certain cases.


In article submit results histological researches nucleus of large cells hipothalamus (supraopticus and paraventriculus), neurohypophisis 15 died patients with a destructive pancreatitis. Features neurosecretia of hipothalamus are established, allowing to ascertain a negative role of disbalance secretori cycle neurosecretorial cells and liberation blocking neuropeptides in the general haemocirculation at sick of destructive forms of a pancreatitis.


Authors of this document have performed several geophysical investigations within the eastern United States. Most of this experience has involved subsurface investigations in carbonate rock units. As compared with different geophysical techniques including micro gravity, electromagnetics, ground penetrating radar, spontaneous potential, and other methods, the best results in characterizing subsurface conditions in karst terrain were accomplished using surface resistivity imaging. The following discussion is based on two case studies, both involving two-dimensional and theedimensional surface resistivity surveys performed over Paleozoic age carbonate rocks in northern Virginia and West Virginia. The purpose of this document is to show the benefits and pitfalls of twodimensional and three-dimensional resistivity imaging used to characterize subsurface conditions in the karst terrain. Both methods are compared based on different site geologies, array geometries, and target size and depth. A short discussion of dipole-dipole method commonly used in two-dimensional arrays, versus pole-pole used in three-dimensional arrays is presented to indicate differences in expected data resolution. The intention of this document was also to highlight the importance of volumetric visualization of three-dimensional data sets for analysis and interpretations. Creating volumetric three-dimensional models of resistivity is useful in evaluating the location, orientation and character of potential fracture systems within relatively uniform rock masses.


An optical disc (100) with multiple annular stacked rings, comprising: a circular opening part (3) formed in the centre of the optical disc (100); an annular recording part (5) used for recording information; an annular supporting part (7) located between the circular opening part (3) and the annular recording part (5) and used for supporting the optical disc (100), wherein at a reading side of the optical disc (100), the annular recording part (5) and the annular supporting part (7) are located in the same plane; and an annular reinforcing part (11) formed at the reading side of the optical disc and located between the annular supporting part (7) and the annular recording part (5), wherein the annular reinforcing part (11) has more than two annular stacked rings (13a, 13b) which are higher than the annular supporting part (7) and the annular recording part (5), and such annular stacked rings (13a, 13b) are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the optical disc.


As the demand for offshore wind energy continues to grow, the strive to understand the wave forces acting on the substructure of the wind turbines continues. In regard to wind turbine design, it is vital to consider not only the total wave force, but also the local wave forces. Local forces are particularly important for the design of secondary structures as e.g. mooring platforms. Typically, however, experimental studies mainly concern total forces or idealized local forces. We present here a rather simple way to measure local forces along a model monopile. The study is conducted in a wave flume of 28 m in length, in which waves are generated by a piston-type wave maker at a water depth of 0.515 m and shoal onto a bed of slope 1:25. A model monopile is installed and subjected to forcing from a series of both regular and irregular waves. In the experimental set-up, the model monopile is fixed at the bottom and the top and consists of seven independent cylindrical sections. The cylindrical sections are connected by force transducers which measure local shear, and so the associated local forces may be determined. The measured local forces are compared to the force distribution given by Morisons equation combined with linear theory and Wheeler stretching, which is a force estimate commonly used in the industry. This study shows that the total force is rather well captured by Morison's equation. The force distribution estimated from Morison's equation, however, shows larger discrepancies from the measured forces. This encourages for further measurements. In this study, we show that it is possible to measure force distribution on a model monopile in a simple and cost-effective manner. The aim is here to demonstrate the method and we will later present a larger body of work associated with the outcome of the measurements.


We present a concept that provides hand tracking for virtual and extended reality, only with the use of optical sensors, without the need for the user to hold any physical controller. In this article, we propose five new algorithms further to extend our previous research and the possibilities of the hand tracking system whilst also making it more precise. The first algorithm deals with the need to calibrate the tracking system. Thanks to the new approach, we improved tracking precision by 37% over our previous solution. The second algorithm allows us to compute the precision of the hand tracking data when multiple sensors are used. The third algorithm further improves the computation of hand tracking data confidence by correctly handling the edge cases, for example, when the tracked hand is at the edge of the sensor's field of view. The fourth algorithm provides a new way to fuse the hand tracking data by using only the hand tracking data with the highest hand tracking data confidence. The fifth algorithm deals with the issue when the optical sensor misclassifies the hand chirality.


Water distribution networks (WDNs) with other infrastructures constitute a complex and interdependent multi-utility system. Considering interdependencies between WDNs and other urban infrastructures, this work proposes WDN intervention planning using a dynamic multi-utility approach to tackle the challenges of pressure deficits and cascading failures by the decoupling of different infrastructure systems. For this purpose, the study develops reliability indices representing the hydraulic and decoupled statuses of WDNs with neighbor infrastructures; the hydraulic reliability represents the robustness of the network against the water pressure deficit, and cascading reliability represents the extent to which WDN elements are decoupled from other assets elements. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to develop rehabilitation strategies by introducing three approaches for WDN upgrade following a phased design and construction method. Evaluating intervention plans based on construction cost, reliability and cascade effects shows that, under budget limitation conditions, decoupling a WDN could significantly save the cascade cost such that 1% improvement in the decoupling reliability brings about 157.42 billion Rials cascade cost saving (present worth cost) to asset managers. On the other hand, the decoupled network is weak against hydraulic reliability which could make it by far less resilient network than the coupled network with around 75% hydraulic reliability difference.


Abstract Since there is considerable use of preemergence herbicides in the containerized nursery industry, a study was conducted to determine if they affect the ability of plants to cold acclimate. Six preemergence herbicides with different modes-of-action were chosen for the study, and were applied to a Kurume type azalea (Rhododendron x hybrida 'Tradition') on October 8, 2004. Laboratory cold hardiness evaluations were conducted at 10, 17, and 24 weeks after treatment (WAT) to both stems and leaves. None of the preemergent herbicides tested caused a significant trend in cold acclimation with either stems or leaves when compared over all sampling dates and temperatures. However, some preemergence herbicides caused a significant increase or decrease in cold acclimation of stems and leaves at selected sampling dates and temperatures.


The Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation procedure the improved biopsy csystem of the mammary gland was performed in 13 women aged 34 to 72 with nonpalpable mammographic lesions. It is a stereoscopic table making it possible to perform biopsy of the mammagraphic lesions of the mammary gland tissue by cannulas diameter up to 2 sm in under X-ray control. Microcalcinates are found in 3 patients (22,8%), the local tissue change in 3 patients (22,8%) focal shadows in 7 patients (53,2%).
The lesion size 5 mm is found in 16% of the patients, from 5,1 to 10 mm in 25% of the patients, from 10,1 to 20 mm in 59% of the patients. The cancer was diagnosed in 3 cases (22,8%) on the 7 and 10 mm sites, the atypical hyperplasia in 2 cases (8,3%), other benign pathology in 53,2% of the cases. In all the cases the foci removal nas corfirmed by histology. The high efficiency of the biopsy stereotaxic method of the mammary gland which removes the roentgenosus-picious site as the single tissue preparation.


A service model where data is provided to many users over the world is called as Cloud storage. Data in this model is stored in several logical pools. Cloud storage is a concept of storage beyond an interface where the storage is controlled and managed on demand. This technology is benefitted by many features like data backup and archival, no need of maintaining hardware resources, grater data accessibility, etc. Data deduplication is an important feature in cloud storage. Deduplication process recognizes and gets rid of the repeated data in the backup storage, indirectly improving the network bandwidth. Providing security along with the deduplication process is a challenging task. In our proposed work we use a new method known as convergent encryption for giving confidentiality to the data before it is outsourced. We use the cryptographic tuning and domain separation method to overcome the drawback of convergent encryption and to achieve privacy with higher extends than traditional system. In the proposed system we have utilized hybrid cloud architecture.


This guide will provide you with information and resources to support your studies in Youth work Links to great websites on your topic


Augmented reality (AR) provides a natural interface to the "calm" pervasive technology anticipated in large-scale ubiquitous computing environments. However, the range of classic AR applications has been limited by the scope, range and cost of sensors used for tracking. Hybrid tracking approaches can go some way to extending this range. We propose an approach, called ubiquitous tracking, in which data from widespread and diverse heterogeneous tracking sensors is automatically and dynamically fused, and then transparently provided to applications. A formal model represents spatial relationships between objects as a graph attributed with quality-of-service parameters. This paper presents a software implementation, in which a dynamic data flow network of distributed software components is thereby constructed in response to queries and optimisation criteria specified by applications. This implementation is demonstrated using a small laboratory example, and larger setups modelled in a simulation environment.


The theoretical framework of Hustinx and Lammertyn on reflexive and traditional styles of volunteering is used to examine the differences between female and male volunteers at a sport event. Our study of the Nordic Skiing World Cup 2010 is an online-study involving pre- and post-event questionnaires. There were 659 respondents who answered both the questionnaires, a response rate of 63%. Our findings confirm the results from an earlier study by Downward Lumsdon, and Ralston (2005) that a major reason for women to volunteer is to improve their social capital and to become involved in useful networks. Motives were also examined in relation to membership of the sport club and/or history of previous volunteering. Men scored more highly on external and intrinsic motives. The data show that women to a lesser degree were members of a sport club and had less previous experience of volunteering at events than the men. The sport event seems to be a meeting place between traditional volunteers, dominated by males who are members of sport clubs with previous experience from other events, and the late modern volunteer culture which characterizes younger females.


Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) continue to provide critical access to healthcare throughout the US. Multiple studies have shown that the outcomes for patients who see APRNs are equivalent to those who see physicians. In addition, APRNs are more likely to practice in rural areas compared with physicians. More individuals have access to health insurance since the implementation of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which has in turn increased the demand for healthcare providers. APRNs or their employers bill for the services they provide. Medicare reimburses NPs, certifi ed registered nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists at a rate of 85% of the physician fee schedule, whereas certifi ed nurse midwives are reimbursed at the same rate as physicians since the PPACA was passed. Medicaid and private insurance reimbursement varies widely based on state regulations and health plan policies. Oregon is the only state with legislation requiring private insurers to reimburse NPs and physician assistants in primary and behavioral healthcare at 100% of the physician rate. APRNs are expected to achieve the same quality of care for patient outcomes and assume full responsibility and liability for the care they provide compared with physicians, yet payment for their services is not always equivalent. This article describes efforts in Washington State to achieve reimbursement parity.


The problematic realm of ESP needs to be evaluated as any other instructional process which we hope to improve. This study investigates the students' attitude towards such courses and their teachers' views concerning their classes. The literature suggested that most of the teachers and students were dissatisfied with the students' progress in specific English courses. Data was collected by interest and motivation survey and feedback form. To carry out the study, 18 university teachers offered feedback on different aspects of their own courses. The data was analyzed qualitatively using means and percentage analysis. The survey proved that the total motivation and interest of EGP students were significantly higher than ESP students participating in the study. The results may attribute to several factors including the learning environment, the teachers, the techniques, and the material. In addition, the feedback forms show discrepancy between the views of EGP teachers and ESP teachers in some areas including the material effectiveness and students' interest.


This study thesis "Children magazine "Hea Laps" and its readers" examines the content of "Hea Laps" in 2009. The main purpose of this work was to find out the magazines content and also its readers opinions. The first part of the thesis describes empirical and theoretical starting points: development of "Hea Laps" since 1994 until today, brief overview about currently appearing Estonian children magazines, description of children development steps, describes children and reading in general and a short overview about previous magazine studies. The second part of the thesis explains and justifies methods and selection of the thesis. The used methods were content analysis, test poll and interview. The third part presents the resultant and the fourth part consists of discussion and conclusions. This work showed that short genres dominate the magazine "Hea Laps". In addition the thesis showed that many articles were written by children themselves – even younger children and also teenagers. In the magazine "Hea Laps" most of the articles were entertaining and most of the articles were intended equally for both boys and girls, and children of all ages. It also showed that the content of "Hea Laps" is interesting and readers like it. Also the reading habits of boys and girls were compared in this thesis. The major difference was that boys like more stories with adventures and excitement. Girls, however, prefer a princess and love stories. The second comparison was between small and regular school pupils reading habits, which showed that big school pupils read through most of the magazine then small school students only read about half of the articles. If until now it has been suggested that children read relatively little, then this thesis showed that reality is not so bad. Quite a number of fifth graders read the magazine "Hea Laps" and they truly like it. Also the conducted interviews showed that children really like to read despite the fact that mostly kids spend their time in the internet, they still find the time to read.
Furthermore the thesis showed, that basic needs what the readers of "Hea Laps" are trying to fulfill are the need to acquire information and knowledge, the need for social cohesion, the need for entertainment, the need to express their creativity and the need to obtain advice for everyday life. The thesis showed, that "Hea Laps" has relatively well-fulfilled those expectations.


The occurrence and possibility of post-partum oestrum of the species Carollia perspicillata was studied in one group of 25 bats in cautivity. The study was carried out, during the inmediate post-partum by the obtention of daily vaginal smears along 30 days to define the onset of oestrum by vaginal cytology. At the end of 30 days, the females were sacrified in order to carry out complete histological studies of reproductive tracts. The vaginal smears clearly showed four phases in the oestral cycle: proes trus, estrus, postestrus and diestrus. The study showed that the lactating females accept the males. Which was confirmed by the presence of spermatozoa in the vaginal smears and in the uterine slides. The histological study ovary showed the presence of follicles with a fairly large antrum, oestrum with mature follicles, recent corpus luteum which showed ovulation and early pregnant uterus. The above mentioned findings confirm the existence of post- partum oestrum in Carollia perspicillata.


The aim of the study was to determine the effect of consuming meals with different fatty acid compositions on the postprandial changes over 6 h in plasma triacylglycerol, NEFA, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Men (n 11; 58 (5) years) and women (n 11; 56 (4) years) consumed four test meals with a similar macronutrient energy content in random order: a reference meal based on the habitual pattern of fatty acid intake in the UK, a meal with an increased (155 %) linoleic acid (LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLNA) ratio (high LA:alphaLNA), a meal with increased (23 %) MUFA content (high MUFA) and a meal with increased (583 %) EPA and DHA content (high EPA+DHA). The high-LA:alphaLNA and high-EPA+DHA meals selectively increased the ratio of LA to alphaLNA (men 341 %; women 310 %) and the EPA+DHA (men 414 %; women 438 %) concentration in plasma triacylglycerol. The high-MUFA meal did not alter the change in MUFA content of the plasma. Plasma triacylglycerol, NEFA, glucose and insulin, but not total cholesterol, concentrations changed significantly after each meal. There was no significant effect of meal fatty acid composition or gender on maximum change in concentration, time to maximum concentration or area under the curve of any of the metabolites measured in the blood. These results suggest that differences in meal fatty acid composition exert little or no effect on postprandial changes in plasma lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations.


DURING THE LAST ten years, ever since the publication of the study of social problems undertaken in St. Paul, Minnesota, by Community Research Associates,' the professional literature has abounded with material on the multiproblem family. The term "multiproblem family"-literally, "a family with many problems"-has come into general use not as a description but as a pseudodiagnostic classification. It is not derived from an explicated theory, and it does not have the same meaning to everyone who uses it. Yet it has taken on a kind of magical significance as a convenient device by means of which the social worker is presumed to be able to identify a particular group of clients-those families in a low socioeconomic class whose members act out, are unmotivated to get help, suffer from character disorders, and fail to function adequately in their social roles. In this article, I shall examine some of the most important characteristics of the families to which we have assigned the label "multiproblem" and suggest the means by which social workers can bring them the help they need. First, I should like to make a few additional comments about the term "multiproblem." Although it is not a diagnostic term, it is preferable to certain other terms, such as "hard-to-reach," "hard-core," "self-defeating," or "acting-out," which are laden with value judgments or have a pseudoclinical implication." "Multiproblem" at least does not convey the idea that the family so labeled is judged to be lacking in inner resources, unmotivated, overly dependent, or hopeless. In the absence of a better term, it can be used to identify a group of clients who carry a particularly heavy burden of social problems and to whom the social work profession bears a special responsibility.


Intermediate storage of CO2 is part of the Carbon Capture and Storage chain. Conventional choice for storage would be steel tanks above ground. Another option would be storing CO2 in underground caverns in crystalline bedrock. Storage of CO2 in caverns would be carried out in liquid form which requires low temperatures and high pressures (for example -40 centigrades and 10 bars respectively). Finite element modelling shows that storage of cold liquid CO2 in a rock cavern would induce a large heat flow from bedrock to the store and cause a significant thermal effect on the surroundings of the cavern. Storage would require constant cooling and it would be advantageous to cool the bedrock surrounding the store before actually storing CO2. Modelling indicates that the optimal store geometry minimizes the cavern wall surface area and that the optimal storage depth is neither too shallow nor too deep (between 50 and 200 metres). Furthermore, the temperatures of the surrounding bedrock would quickly drop below zero centigrades and the radius of the frozen zone around the store would extend to hundred metres after 100 years of storage. However, the thermal disturbance caused by storage might not have a significant effect on ground temperatures.


Variable Compounds disclosed in the present specification, the beta - so are inhibitors of secretase enzyme and are useful in treating other diseases characterized by deposition of Alzheimer's disease and A beta peptide in a mammal .


The field of public health law has been honing important transdisciplinary methods such as legal epidemiology and legal mapping. These methods can and should be integrated into socio-legal studies because they provide us with a way to capture the legal elements of interlocking power structures, offer ways to meaningfully compare and predict what access to rights will look like across jurisdictions, and capture a new way to study legal pluralism across and within jurisdictions. To illustrate the benefit of such methods for studying legal pluralism, this article offers the State Reproductive Autonomy Index, which compares all fifty states on seventy-five variables. Modeled on legal epidemiology's survey of multiple types of law, including laws that can be classified as infrastructural (laying the institutional or policy parameters), interventionist (specifically targeted to produce a result), and incidental (distally related, not intentionally), this method integrates the work of reproductive justice scholars with the work on legal pluralism to illustrate the vast inequalities in access to reproductive autonomy across the United States. The State Reproductive Autonomy Index also shows why reproductive justice, rather than reproductive rights discourse, is a more accurate frame for understanding laws relating to reproduction and bodily autonomy.


Solar wind is a flow of turbulent plasma. The investigation of it's characteristics is very important part of the solution of the problem of the energy transport from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. The turbulence of the solar wind has the property of intermittency. Using data of Interball-1 spacecraft gives the possibility to study properties of solar wind turbulence in the not investigated previously frequency range under large statistics. The intermittency of solar wind ion flux fluctuations is studied using high time resolution measurements onboard Interball-1 spacecraft on scales from 0.01 to 16 Hz. The importance of the work is connected with the possibility for the first time to study the earlier unexplored (by plasma data) region of comparatively fast variations (frequency up to 16 Hz). So we significantly extend the range of intermittency observations of solar wind plasma. It is shown that the intermittency is practically absent on scales more then 1000 s and it grows to the small scales right up till τ = 30-60 s. It's behavior is rather changeable on smaller scale (less than 30 sec). Special attention is concentrated on the comparison of intermittency for intervals of solar wind observation containing SCIF (Sudden Changes of Ion Flux) to ones for intervals without SCIF. Such a comparison allows one to reveal the fundamental turbulent properties of the solar wind regions in which SCIF is frequently observed. INTRODUCTION Solar wind is variable by its nature and is full of fluctuations over a wide range of scales (spatial and temporal) which are strongly modified by the effects of the dynamics during the expansion into the interplanetary medium. The cascade of solar wind fluctuations of different scales shows the current solar wind turbulence (Coleman, 1986). The energy is transferred from large to small scales via a turbulent cascade. The structures of the various scales non-linearly interact between each other generating structures of other scales, till then energy is eventually dissipated into heat at molecular level (Marsch 1991). Solar wind fluctuations displays a multifractal structure and an intermittent character (Burlaga, 1991). The multifractal character of solar wind turbulent intermittent medium is described for example in papers (Milovanov et.al., 1996; Zeleniy and Milovonov, 1996) too. Solar wind fluctuations cannot be described by a Gaussian statistics especially at a small scales (Marsch and Tu,1994, 1997;Marsch and Liu 1993). The PDF (probability distribution function) of solar wind fluctuations has fatter tails than Gaussian distributions. It means that extreme events have a higher probability than for a normal distribution. Such behavior of plasma and magnetic field variations in the MHD solar wind turbulence is a result of intermittency (the property of the medium at which the high activity regions alternate with quiescence regions). Classical power spectral analysis is not sufficient to completely describe the statistics of the fluctuations because it is based on the second moment of the PDF. Deviations from Gaussianity, i.e., intermittency may be quantified by the high-order moment of fluctuations (Burlaga,1991; Marsch and Tu, 1997). NonGaussian behavior of PDF of small-scale fluctuations of the solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field could be presented as a convolution of Gaussians whose variances are distributed according to a lognormal distribution (Sorisso-Valvo et.,al., 1999). The authors used a method of the local intermittency measure (LIM). This method is based on the wavelet decomposition to single out the intermittent events from the time series (Bruno et.al, 2001). The Degree of the solar wind intermittency depends from the numerous factors. Thus compressive fluctuations are always more intermittent than directional fluctuations. Slow wind intermittency does not depend on the radial distance from the Sun, fast wind intermittency increases with the heliocentric distance (Bruno et.al., 2003). In our previous papers we discussed the role of solar wind turbulent characteristics in forming of the contributory conditions to appearance of sudden change ion flux (SCIF) events (Riazantseva et..al., 2005). SCIF are characterized by rapid (sometimes less then 1 sec), large amplitude solar wind ion flux changes decreases or increases. The SCIF events are the small-scale and large-amplitude fluctuations, so they are the part of solar wind fluctuation turbulent cascade. The SCIF events are non-uniformly distributed over the time scale. Some time periods of solar wind have many of these events, others very few; the difference may be due to different conditions of solar wind formation. One way to test this hypothesis is to determine the characteristics of solar wind turbulence in the regions with and without the SCIF events. Such analysis will be done in this paper for the intermittency characteristic of the turbulence. Study of the turbulent behavior (including the intermittency) of very sharp fluctuations (with durations of several seconds or less as in our SCIF events) can extend the frequency range of solar wind turbulence investigations into the region of smaller time scales (down to 1 s). Intermittency for high frequency magnetic field data (up to 25 HZ) was investigated by (Alexandrova et.al., 2008). But the properties of the PDFs of plasma density fluctuations at the smaller scales were not known till now. THE SELECTION OF THE DATA AND DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS. An example On Fig.1 show the typical example of solar wind ion flux intermittent behavior the high variability regions alternate with rather calm regions. This period contain a large numbers of SCIF (Sudden Changes of Ion Flux) (showed by arrows on Fig. 1). The study of intermittency degree was performed on the basis of analyzing of PDFs of the solar wind plasma and magnetic filed scalar fluctuations on the various time scales. Fig.1 An example of intermittent solar wind. Arrows shows a large number of SCIF (Sudden Changes of Ion Flux) during 10/04/1997-11/04/1997 We select several rather large intervals (1 day or more) of the solar wind ion flux and magnetic field scalar measurements. The data were observed during 19961999 onboard the Interball-1 satellite (Galeev et.al., 1996) by the VDP instrument for plasma data (Safrankova et.al., 1997 )and by FM3 instrument for magnetic field magnitude data (Nozdrachev et.al., 1998). The time resolution of the data is 1 s. (sometimes right up to 60 ms), which is record resolution for plasma data. We select the several intervals of the slow solar wind average solar wind speed is less than 450 km/s. We look for the intervals of data with either many of the SCIF (Sudden Change Ion Flux) events (no less than 1 event per hour on average) or no such events. Each group of events has overall duration near 6 days. The time rows of the solar wind ion flux fluctuations of type: δFlux(t,τ)=Flux(t+τ)-Flux(t) (1) and the same time rows for magnetic field scalar data: δB(t,τ)=B(t+τ)-B(t) (2) are constructed for the time scales parameters τ from 0.1 s to 12 h. The PDFs of the fluctuations were calculated from these time rows for each value of τ. In our previous work (Riazantseva and Zastenker, 2008) the evolution of the PDFs with time scale is observed for solar wind both with and without sharp flux changes. The PDFs for the largest time scales are near Gaussian but as the scales decrease the PDF tails become more and more flat. We use the statistical characteristics of these PDFs of parameter fluctuations such as flatness (4th order moment) (following paper (Bruno, et.al, 2003)) to investigate the intermittent behavior of the solar wind fluctuations. In particular the flatness (4th order moment): Fτ=S τ/(S τ) (3) where the structure function: S τ=<|X(t+τ)X(t)|> (4) (τis the length-scale of the flux variation and X is the investigated parameter). Since the flatness factor measures the sharpness of the peak of a distribution. This factor is a simple way to use the flatness to infer the character of the intermittency of the fluctuations. However, with this simplicity it is impossible to quantify the degree of intermittency and we can only evaluate whether a given sample is more or less intermittent than another one. If the flatness remains constant within a certain range of scales, it will indicate that those scales are not intermittent. So, in the next part we observe the result of such analysis. COMPARISON OF THE BEHAVIOR OF FLATNESS FOR ION FLUX AND MAGNETIC FIELD FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SLOW SOLAR WIND. First of all we decided to investigate the intermittency for slow solar wind without the SCIF events to have a possibility to compare the results with the results of previous works. Figure 2 shows the dependence of the flatness on the length-scale τ parameter, using 1 min resolution data. The flatness is near 3 for large scales (it's a typical situation for the Gaussian PDFs) and grows to the small-scale variations. So the degree of intermittency also increases at small scales. We have done the same analysis as for solar wind ion flux fluctuations, as for scalar magnetic field fluctuations. The dependences of flatness from the length scale parameters for these two cases are in close agreement within the limits of error. In paper (Bruno et.al., 2003) Bruno investigated the flatness of solar wind velocity and magnetic field fluctuations separately for slow and fast solar wind. Our results for the flatness (for ion flux and scalar magnetic filed variations) are in good agreement with Bruno's results for scalar magnetic field fluctuations in the slow solar wind. So our result confirms the previous one. The solar wind is self similar on the large scale and intermittent on the small scale. The intermittency grows to the small scale for τ from 1 min to 1 day. Fig.2 The behavior of flatness for ion flux and magnetic field scalar fluctuations with using 1 min Interball-1 data.


Objective:To compare the difference between Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm and Finite Site Pencil Beam dose calculation algorithm in chest cases using IMRT delivery.Methods:Totally 5 chest cases were chosen and both Monte Carlo algorithm and Finite Site Pencil Beam algorithm were used to evaluate dose in planning target volume(PTV) and organ at risk(OAR).Results:The difference between Monte Carlo algorithm and Finite Site Pencil Beam algorithm was significant.Conclusions:For those cases which have large difference in density,especially for IMRT planning,XVMC can give more pre-cise result.


The purpose of this study is to investigate historical background which uses and characteristics of Korean traditional incense and how to use it in clothes. Incense was at first introduced to Korea in the period of King Nulji of Shilla dynasty. First introduction to this nation, incense was already regarded as divine. It was then developed with five main uses, tribute, fragrance, purification, anti bacteria, and cure. Incense used by fragrance and anti-bacteria in clothes. It make emit a fragrance from the clothes or decorate clothes with ornaments. Incense was also to prevent clothes or books from being damaged by insects and maintain them over a long period. It used one of the factor for beauty of costume.


Time and space is an important perspective to thoroughly interpret the theme in Hong Ke's novels. In his latest novel The Kalabu Sandstorm, Hong Ke still focuses on the theme of time and space. According to the temporality of natural scenery, Hong Ke highlights the value of natural aesthetic and the true meaning of life, which embodies the mental guidance of returning human beings to their spiritual homes. Also, Hong Ke emphasizes the narrative concept by destroying the traditional linear narrative time. Finally, using a variety of space juxtapositions, Hong Ke presents a persistent pursuit, exploration and closeness to the history and civilization of the western regions, and exhibits his anxiety and meditation over the barren culture consciousness of modern man. The Temporality of Natural Scenery The Kalabu Sandstorm is a great and well-known modern novel that is strongly rooted in the vast deserts of the frontier regions in the western part of China. The novel is permeated with rich romantic and idealistic sentiment in the Western Region. It also inherits and extends Hong Ke's writing device of the previous literary creation about the Western Region on love and life, humanity and nature. In the writer's eyes, many vivid literary images in the novel have become a carrier in the slow and natural flow of time. They are widely embedded in the chains of the plot of the story development, which present us a unique understanding of time formation and an exclusive forging of time dimension in Hong Ke's narrative time. Heidegger said: "Any understanding of the existence in the earth is bound to be in the field of time dimension [1]". The sense of time in The Kalabu Sandstorm is mainly reflected in the odd, grand and magnificent portrayals of natural images themselves, such as deserts, goblins, camels, sandstorms, swallows and so on. All of those natural sceneries with the primitive elements entail a mysterious and ancient legendary, which are distributed widely in each part of the story development. Those natural sceneries seem to convey a deep and profound sense of history and civilization in the novel like a tunnel of a long history connecting the ancient time to the present time. The temporal characteristics of these natural images used in the novel are mainly reflected in the following several aspects: In order to create a desolated and forsaken geographical space, the writer lays stress on the detailed descriptions and narrations of the natural time dimension in the Western Region. This kind of writing technique makes the eternity of time by far more prominent and distinctive. Tracing the history of the development of human civilization, the desert is generally regarded as an eternal existence as well as a huge reference of human survival. On one hand, the desert is endowed with the natural features of seasonal cycle or solar terms. On the other hand, the desert contains a large number of humanistic ideals that the writer has been pursuing and devoted to for many years. In other words, the desert "belongs to the art palace of the world without boundaries, and it is represented before us like a silent and soundless language that cannot be expressed with words. After many centuries of the baptism of the nature, they are still well preserved till today unchangeably [2]". In spring, the vast desert and sky seem to fuse together. Whatever one strains one's eyes to look afar, he cannot distinguish between heaven and earth. In summer, a dune is a big warm nest which is like a burning flame. During the day, the rolling sun on the western horizon 2nd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 764 shines a little brighter, and it filters on the smooth sands through the holes of sandstone. When night falls, the desert becomes a sea of moonlight. Edward Abi, an American writer, wrote in Desert Solitaire: "there are some things in the desert that we human beings cannot understand. It is true that there are things in the desert that lack in the mountains and the sea, no matter how tall they are or how old they are [2]". In my opinion, something unique to the desert is not only that primitive and vigorous power, but also the character and morality that are injected in the spiritual world of modern man which has been lacking in them. Zhang Ziyu deeply loves the desert, and the desert gives him clarity and loyalty like the son of nature: If one really loves a person, he should love her or him unreservedly, just like the desert. Zhang Ziyu didn't come to realize that love is without reservation until he arrived deep in the desert. In the description of story development, Zhang Ziyu sang the Kazak minority's folk song "Swallow" in the desert, walking through the middle of the desert. During the period both his character and spirit mix with a flavor of the desert that is possessed with boundlessness, broad natural disposition as an organic whole, and eventually become a whistling arrow of love that shot into Ye Liya's heart. However, the male protagonist Meng Kai in the novel is a man of disappointment of love affairs. Since he broke up with his beloved person, Meng Kai has been placed his inquiry of love, the exploration of value of life and interpretation of deserts into an imaginative, fantastic and grotesque world. Although the deserts mercilessly take away her beloved person, they give him the mind of forgiveness and the heart of moral. For instance, when the Kalabu sandstorm drew to a close, Meng Kai bravely rescued his past rival in love Zhang Ziyu and sent him back to Ye Liya. This is also the climax of the story development, and paves the way for Meng Kai to clear up his doubts and enhance the realm of life. The entire novel from beginning to end thoroughly echoes the footfalls of humanitarian redemption. The emotional entanglements of Meng Kai, Zhang Ziyu and Ye Liya intertwine with the natural sceneries of the desert. Facing with the magnificent nature, the illness and wickedness of human insignificance and pettiness can be cured and eliminated radically. The eternal life that is unique to the desert is promoted to a level where benevolent love becomes eternal in drawing human mental maps. The characters of the novels have been thinking deeply about lose and possession, hostile and benevolent love in life. It is the permanence of the desert that is mending the vulnerability of modern man's spirit and instructs them how to contemplate the true meaning of life: "The desert didn't say anything about the world or life. It is completely passive and never has the initiative to do anything. As usual, the desert is lying there, quiet and silent, like a bare skeleton, simple, desolate, plain and completely valueless, and so the desert simply can not arouse people's passion for life except meditation [2]". In terms of the philosophical idea of ecological integrity, the novel weaves a network of the natural image and human fate of survival, causing natural scenery to form a cycle of time. In the Kalabu Sandstorm, the cycle of time of all living things in nature that is always surging in nature mainly refers to the life divine of the endless blending of every living creature in their surroundings. Holmes said: "The natural things have been beyond the nature of human domestication and human experience, and finally they get their own life in the natural world [3]". The novel highlights a comfortable life in the process of birth of life by imagining and narrating the goblin in the deep desert: If the livestock, male camel's "water for life" spurts on the roots of Nitraria sibirica in the desert, Cynomorium will grow; If male camel's "water for life" spurts on the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix ramosissima, Cistanche salas will be formed; if Cynomorium songaricum and Cistanche salas associate together, the goblins will grow. As is known to all, the goblin has a very high medical value. Once humankind consumes them, they will at once surge a wonderful and magical power in their body which generate the next offspring. In fact, it is the natural forces which are poured into the human body that multiply and breed a new life. "The natural scenery and their lives flourish in the process of the eternal life of human growth from birth to death. Each kind of life is represented by its unique way of life to support all the other things [3]". For instance, some unique plants in the desert such as the vast Gobi desert, the golden camel, swallows of a meteor, camel of God, the goblins, Haloxylon ammodendron and Tamarix live harmoniously with those characters who has the features of spirit-orientated natural sons such as


"Missions des Peres Oblats au Sud-Africaine - Famille chretienne au Natal". A dozen family members dressed in Western clothing are gathered before a low, domed structure of thatch.; The back of the postcard has a few lines of handwriting and is stamped and postmarked.


The purpose of this study is to ascertain the efficacy of ultrasound in determining pathology prior to surgical intervention for rotator cuff tears, 88 patients were referred for surgery on clinical grounds. One Radiologist who is widely experienced in shoulder ultrasound scanned these patients within one month prior to their operation using up to date equipment. The patients were categorised into 2 groups: those with or those without a full thickness rotator cuff tear. The results were then verified using surgery as the 'gold standard'. This enabled the researcher to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of the procedure. The findings show that in this Trust, ultrasound has a sensitivity of 95% in the detection of full thickness rotator cuff tears. The specificity is 87%, positive predictive value 87% and negative predictive value 95%. Knowledge of the cuff status prior to surgery aids in pre-operative patient counselling in terms of surgical procedure (arthroscopic or open surgery), rehabilitation and prognosis. This study demonstrates that expert practitioners can produce reliable results using ultrasound, which can then be used as the primary investigation for the detection of full thickness rotator cuff tears. More expensive procedures such as Magnetic Resonance imaging are now limited to those patients with equivocal ultrasound findings.


This study aims to determine the effect of accounting conservatism, sales growth, and corporate governance on tax avoidance. Secondary data is sourced from the financial statements of companies included in the Consumer Non-Cyclicals index company in the Food & Beverage sub-sector listed on the IDX during the 2017-2021 period. The number of samples used was 22 companies as research objects for five years. Panel data regression analysis is used as a mechanism in this study. The results showed that accounting conservatism has a significant effect on tax avoidance. On the other hand, sales growth and corporate governance do not significantly affect tax avoidance. Therefore, it is indicated that accounting conservatism can indirectly affect tax avoidance by reducing corporate profits and producing more cautious financial statements.Keywords: Accounting Conservatism, Good Corporate Governance, Sales Growth, Tax Avoidance.


This paper expands similarities and differences in the methods of voice production among belcanto,national way and popular way by analyzing the physiological and psychological mechanisms,such as "breath","resonance"and "enunciation"and it also illustrates the different characteristics of the ways of voice production in them from an aesthetic angle.


Conservative and reconstructive dentistry saw a constant evolution, becoming a reliable technique of oral rehabilitation aiming to maintain, as much as possible, the remaining teeth in the oral cavity. The resorption of tooth's surrounding support tissues (cortical-cancellous bone and PDL) reduces its capability to efficiently support current functional loadings, determining a failure in time. In this study 3D finite element analysis is used for studying the level and distribution of von Mises equivalent stress in the components of a human lower premolar tooth and its surrounding support tissues(bone and PDL), in case of their progressive reduction. Von Mises stress distribution indicated that a rapid and massive increase of stress values in all model's components, is closely related to the resorption process. Mechanical stress reaches highest values in bone. Additionally, a turning point in the biomechanical behavior of the support tissues can be observed at 70% resorption degree.


During the recent years,the operation risk has become an important research field in Banks risk management.This paper estimates the extreme loss distribution with extreme value theory,estimates the parameter with ML estimator, selects the right threshold by PMRM function,then using a example to illustrate the operation risk supervise capital allocation for commercial banks.


Due to the presence of plant food elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter, sewage sludge has been noticed as a cheap fertilizer in agriculture, but the heavy metals restrict its application as fertilizer. Zeolite is one of the natural compounds used for inactivation of these elements in soil. The aim of present research is to clarify the rate of cadmium and lead absorption of artichoke grown in sewage sludge of city infiltration system at the presence and absence of zeolite. A complete randomized factorial design as pot experiment with three levels of sewage sludge (15, 20 and 25% w/w of soil) and four levels of zeolite (0, 5, 10, 15% w/w). Results showed that among different levels of sewage sludge, the absorption of lead in were conducted parts and cadmium in root was significantly different. Also zeolite significantly (at 5%) reduced the lead and cadmium of root. The lowest amounts of cadmium and Lead of root were observed in plants treated with 10% zeolite. no having significant differences of heavy metals accumulation in aerial parts of plants under different treatments means, artichoke has patential to manage the heavy metal absorption and translocation.


For the prediction of sloshing in the propellant tank of a rocket vehicle, the preliminary investigation was conducted. The flow field in the propellant tank during the ballistic flight of the vehicle was experimentally reproduced with the sub-scale model. The lateral acceleration as large as about 0.8G was provided with a mechanical exciter and the deformation of the liquid surface in the small vessel was visualized with a high-speed camera. The sloshing phenomena were also simulated with the CFD code, called CIP-LSM. The important features of surface deformation and wave breaking were successfully reproduced in the computation.


This note is prompted by a number of observations. - After nearly twelve years of serious work on computer security, all that can be shown is two one-shot œbrassboard' systems and one commercially supported product that integrates the DoD security policy into the operating system. - The first round of research results on computer security were useful and by 1975 the principles of secure computers were well enough understood that the first demonstration models of security kernels had been completed. [SCHI 73] - In spite of hopes to the contrary, it has been amply demonstrated that the civil sector of government and virtually all of the private sector can satisfy their information protection needs with simple physical and procedural lethods, coupled with using systems with "improved integrity". - In spite of the tiresomeness of its repetition, the fact is that the need for secure systems for important national defense applications has not been diminished in the slightest by any work that has gone on over the past twelve years.


The sections in this article are:

1
Whole-Body Water and Solute Balance
1.1
Osmolal Clearance

1.2
Effect on Plasma Osmolality of Urine Flow of a Given Osmolality

1.3
Hypertonic Urine Implies a Hypotonic Tubular Reabsorbate and Vice Versa

1.4
Free Water Clearance

1.5
Antidiuretic Hormone Controls Water Excretion

2
Functional Implications of Renal Architecture
2.1
Production of Hyperosmotic Urine Is Related to the Loop of Henle

2.2
Significance of the S-Shaped Configuration of the Mammalian Nephron for the Concentration of Urine

2.3
New Functional Features Introduced by the S-Shaped Configuration

3
A Short History of Models of the Renal Counterflow System
3.1
Active Water Transport

3.2
Concentration by Differential Permeabilities and Counterflow

3.3
Concentration by Multiplication of a "Single Effect" along the Loop of Henle

3.4
Active Salt Transport out of the AHL Is the Probable Single Effect

3.5
Experimental Predictions of the Kuhn Models

3.6
Problems with the Kuhn Models

3.7
Vasa Recta Models

3.8
Nephrovascular Models

4
Equations for the Renal Medulla
4.1
Differential Equations

4.2
Integrated Mass Balance Equations

4.3
Generalized Multiplication Rule

4.4
Nephrovascular Coupling

4.5
Transmural Fluxes

5
Analytical Solution of the Differential Equations
5.1
Solutions for Single Flow Tubes

5.2
Analytical Solutions of Multitube Counterflow Problems

5.3
Solutions for Central Core Model

5.4
Externally Driven Central Core Multiplier

5.5
Multiplication in Inner and Outer Medullae

5.6
Non-Zero Diffusion Coefficient

5.7
Solution of Time-Dependent Equations

6
Numerical Solution of the Differential Equations
6.1
Method of Lines

6.2
Shooting Method

6.3
Quasilinearization

6.4
Finite Difference Methods

7
Results of Computer Simulation
7.1
Origin of Inner Medullary Concentration Gradient

7.2
Role of Collecting Duct

7.3
Role of Vasa Recta

7.4
Transition from Diuresis to Antidiuresis

8
Free-Energy Balance in Renal Counterflow Systems

9
Summary and Future Directions


This paper introduces and presents a solution to the "Escherization" problem: given a closed figure in the plane, find a new closed figure that is similar to the original and tiles the plane.... Introduction ... Problem ("ESCHERIZATION"): Given a closed plane figure S (the "goal shape"), find a new closed figure T such that: 1. T is as close as possible to S; and 2. copies of T fit together to form a tiling of the plane. Problem ("IMAGE ANALOGIES"): Given a pair of images A and A' (the unfiltered and filtered source images, respectively), along with some additional unfiltered target image B, synthesize a new filtered target image B' such that


This research has been performed for the purpose of aiming quality improvement of the school physical education and suggesting some programs to raise efficiency of physical, education promotion through analyzing the actual status for organization and appointment of specialized officials. For its sake, we made a survey of 147(elementary 73 and secondary 74) school commissioners, principals and assistant principals and 214 (elementary 116 and secondary 98) teachers involved in physical education including researchers in the 16 education administration offices of cities, provinces and districts in the whole nation under the Education Ministry asking some questionnaires. We prepared the questionnaires as inspection tools to meet the purpose of this research based on rel items in Bucher`s questionnaires "Evaluation criteria for a physical education teacher`s teaching program" (1983) and prior researches in relation to this. For statistical treatment of this research, we calculated frequency of response and percentage for each question per each group classified into working area, sex, school class and post and implemented x^2 test for group comparison with sub programs of SPSS. The results are as follows: First, as for the status of organization and appointment for expert officials of the physical education promotion, it turned out portions of expert officials of physical education promotion are 31.9% of elementary school and 68.1% of secondary school in total. Such expert officials should be equally organized per each school classified into elementary and secondary school in each local education administration district and tasks of teacher responsible for the physical education promotion should be dramatically reduced so as to concentrate his efforts in teaching - the original purpose promotion of learning. Second, since there have been severe unbalance between elementary and secondary schools in the appointment of the expert post, its proper appointment should be done according to numbers of schools. Also teachers who have sufficient expertism about teaching methods of physical education, operation of curriculum and team, voluntary physical activities after school and physical specialty and aptitude should be appointed and number of its posts increased through reforming the national education system Moreover, the qualification in the appointment of elementary physical education teacher should be defined as one who has completed a deepened course of physical education at a educational university and kept on studying about physical education or who has at least a master`s degree in relation to physical education. Though additional point for instruction performance of physical education turned out 2∼3 to be proper overall, it is though 5 may be good for both elementary and secondary schools in considering level applied at secondary schools. And it is necessary to enlarge its applicable scope up to a national scale tournament not to limit it to the National Youth Athelete Game and the National Athelete Game. And the first thing to be considered in the appointment of an expert is he or she should have honest personality, abundant refinement, rich knowledge on overall of physical education and job handling ability evenly.


Type of funding sources: None.

 According to current guidelines indication for surgery is straightforward with a class I recommendation in case of severe symptomatic aortic regurgitation (AR) and/or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decrease ≤50%. However, the management of patients with asymptomatic severe AR with preserved LVEF remains debated, with a cruel lack of prognostic factors to identify patients who may benefit from early intervention. An explanation to the absence of such factors is that the determinants of symptoms, a strong prognostic parameter, have been poorly identified. Beyond LV dilation and systolic dysfunction, which are both recognized prognostic factors in chronic AR, we hypothesized that interstitial myocardial fibrosis, as an early indicator of LV remodeling, may also influence the occurrence of symptoms. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-based myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) quantification by T1 mapping has emerged as a valuable tool to quantify diffuse myocardial fibrosis.

 To study the relationship between myocardial interstitial fibrosis quantified by T1 mapping and the symptomatic status of patients with chronic aortic valve regurgitation.

 We retrospectively included 38 consecutive patients with chronic, isolated, mild to severe AR who underwent a CMR at our institution. Exclusion criteria were the presence of any other heart condition that may induce myocardial fibrosis, ≥ mild associated valve disease, AR secondary to endocarditis, genetic, inflammatory or congenital disease except bicuspid aortic valve. T1 mapping of the basal segments was performed before and after contrast administration measuring native and post-contrast T1 relaxation time and ECV.

 Mean age was 56 ± 20 years, 30 patients (79%) were males, and symptoms were reported in 11 patients (29%). Mean LVEF was 57 ± 9% and ≥50% in 30 patients (79%). Aortic valve regurgitation fraction (RF) was 25 ± 13%, ECV 0.27 ± 0.04%, indexed LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDVi) 98 ± 32 ml/m2, end-systolic volume (LVESVi) 46 ± 19 ml/m2, and LV mass 79 ± 21 g/m2. LVESVi (r = 0.41,p = 0.01), LVEF (r=-0.59,p = 0.0001), and ECV (r = 0.42,p = 0.008) were correlated with symptoms, whereas age (r = 0.16,p = 0.33), gender (r=-0.24,p = 0.15), LVEDVi (r = 0.28,p = 0.09), LV mass index (r = 0.08,p = 0.62), and RF (r = 0.31,p = 0.06) were not. In the subgroup of patients with preserved LVEF (≥50%), after adjustment for LVESVi and RF, only ECV remained independently associated with symptoms (p = 0.046). Interestingly, when including the patients with a reduced LVEF < 50% in the multivariable analysis only LVESVi was an independent determinant of symptoms (p = 0.04) and ECV was not (p = 0.07)

 myocardial fibrosis quantified by ECV calculation is a determinant of symptoms in AR with preserved LVEF. Further studies are warranted to determine the prognostic value of ECV that may justify earlier intervention.
 Abstract Figure. ECV in AR with preserved LVEF


Mast cells (MCs) are highly granulated tissue resident hematopoietic cells and because of their capacity to degranulate and release many proinflammatory mediators, they are major effectors of chronic inflammatory disorders including asthma and urticaria. As MCs have the unique capacity to reform their granules following degranulation in vitro, their potential to undergo multiple cycles of degranulation and regranulation in vivo has been linked to their pathogenesis. However, it is not known what factors regulate MC regranulation let alone if MC regranulation occurs in vivo. Here, we report that IgE-sensitized mice can undergo multiple bouts of regranulation, following repeated anaphylactic reactions. mTORC1, a critical nutrient sensor that activates protein and lipid synthesis, was found necessary for MC regranulation. mTORC1 activity in MCs was regulated by a glucose-6-phosphate transporter, Slc37a2, which was found to be necessary for increased glucose-6-phosphate and ATP levels during regranulation, two upstream signals of mTOR. Slc37a2 is highly expressed at the cell periphery early during regranulation where it appears to colocalize with mTORC1. Additionally, this transporter was found to concentrate extracellular metabolites within endosomes which are trafficked directly into nascent granules. Thus, the metabolic switch associated with MC regranulation is mediated by the interactions of a cellular metabolic sensor and a transporter of extracellular metabolites into MC granules.


Left ventricular (LV) lead placement is often the most challenging aspect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation, with a failure rate up to 10% due to complex coronary anatomies.

 To evaluate the efficacy of a modified snare technique in the LV lead implantation in cases of standard technique failure and to evaluate its impact in the response rate to CRT.

 A prospective study was conducted of patients indicated for a CRT implant. When LV lead delivery to the target vessel failed using standard techniques, a modified snare technique was implemented, using a secondary coronary sinus delivery sheath introduced through the same venous puncture.  Patients were evaluated every 6 months. Efficacy was quantified by long-term surgical intervention rates. Patients were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography before CRT implant and between 6-12 months post-implant. Patients with ejection fraction (EF) elevation ≥ 10% or LV end-systolic volume (ESV) reduction ≥ 15% were classified as responders. Patients with EF elevation ≥ 20% or LV ESV reduction ≥ 30% were classified as super-responders. Time to surgical revision and mortality were evaluated by the Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods.

 From 2015-2019, 566 CRTs were implanted (26.1% female, 72 ± 10.2 years old, follow-up duration 18.9 ± 15.8 months). The standard LV implant technique failed in 94 cases (16.6%), of which the modified snare technique was successful in 92 (97.9%) with LV lead implant in a lateral vein in 94.7% of cases. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between patients who implanted LV lead with snare vs standard technique (p = NS). The 4-year surgical intervention rate was lower with the modified snare implant technique than with the standard technique (3.2% vs. 10.2%, HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.84, p < 0.05), with a relative risk reduction of 74% and a number needed to treat to prevent one surgical intervention of 14. The intervention rate was also lower regarding LV lead implant failure or dislodgement rates (0% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.05). Major complications were similar between groups.
 In addition, the response rate to CRT was higher in the modified snare technique than in the standard approach (71.1% vs 55.0%, p < 0.05). In patients who implanted the LV lead with the snare technique, EF increased from 28.1 ± 8.2% to 36.1 ± 11.1% (p < 0.05) and LV ESV decreased from 127.8 ± 64.0mL to 99.8 ± 61.1mL (p = 0.01).
 The super-response rate was similar between groups (33.3% vs 27.8%, p = NS).

 For challenging coronary sinus anatomies that preclude LV lead placement by standard methods, this modified snare alternative was effective, with significantly lower surgical intervention rates and a higher response rate to resynchronization therapy. This higher than expected response rate with the snare technique, evaluated by remodeling criteria, may be explained by the implant of LV lead in the desired target lateral vein.
 Abstract Figure.


In a mature market like the Japanese economy, "experiential marketing" has received attention as a "differentiation strategy." In this study, we focus on behavior experiences (ACT Module of SEMs) in terms of "embodied cognition." Behavior experiences (ACT Module) are consumers' behaviors and the physiological/psychological effects of such behaviors. The results show that two factors lead to behavior experiences (ACT Module): 1) design products that comprise elements that lead to consumer behaviors, and 2) design situations that involve factors that lead to consumer behaviors. We also show that special behavior experiences can be evoked by creating illogical or unusual situations. These ways of thinking will help marketers understand consumers' behavioral experiences and use ACT for marketing from the perspective of customer experience.


The stabilization and reconstruction efforts of Iraq are part of a broad strategy of the international community. The latter's focus is on countering the asymmetrical threats stemming from the new challenges, vulnerabilities and risks at play within the international security environment. At regional level, namely in Iraq, such aspects are even more pressing due to the disappearance of a repressive government that left room for airing out ethnic and religious divergences. However, despite the overall insecurity climate characterizing the post Saddam Hussein Iraq, some progress has


Tension stretching is applied to 220 kV and above power circuit transformation.Normally,"one pulls two" "one pulls four" procedure is used.This article introduces in details the selection of plotting of tension field and pulling field,the selection condition of process section and tension stretching as well as the precautions during construction.


The integration of 3rd generation (3G) cellular networks and the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks has drawn considerable attention from the research and commercial communities. Emerging dual-mode mobile terminals could provide flexibility and system performance enhancement by providing seamless roaming between 3G WWANs and 802.11 WLANs. In this paper, we proposed a novel integrated WWAN/WLAN two-hop-relay architecture that both enhances the system capacity of 3G cellular systems and extends the system coverage area of 802.11 terminals. The proposed two-hop-relay architecture utilizes temporal channel quality variation to achieve increased system capacity. Typically, the system throughput is increased by 200-400% in a HDR system.


Cervical cancer remains an important reason of deaths worldwide because effective access to cervical screening methods is a big challenge. Data mining techniques including decision tree algorithms are used in biomedical research for predictive analysis. The imbalanced dataset was obtained from the dataset archive belongs to the University of California, Irvine. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) has been used to balance the dataset in which the number of instances has increased. The dataset consists of patient age, number of pregnancies, contraceptives usage, smoking patterns and chronological records of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Microsoft azure machine learning tool was used for simulation of results. This paper mainly focuses on cervical cancer prediction through different screening methods using data mining techniques like Boosted decision tree, decision forest and decision jungle algorithms as well performance evaluation has done on the basis of AUROC (Area under Receiver operating characteristic) curve, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. 10-fold cross-validation method was utilized to authenticate the results and Boosted decision tree has given the best results. Boosted decision tree provided very high prediction with 0.978 on AUROC curve while Hinslemann screening method has used. The results obtained by other classifiers were significantly worse than boosted decision tree.


A new relation between Prym varieties of arbitrary morphisms of algebraic curves and integrable systems is discovered. The action of maximal commutative subalgebras of the formal loop algebra of GLn dened on certain innite-dimension al Grassmannians is studied. It is proved that every nite-dimensional orbit of the action of traceless elements of these commutative Lie algebras is isomorphic to the Prym variety associated with a morphism of algebraic curves. Conversely, it is shown that every Prym variety can be realized as a nite-dimensional orbit of the action of traceless diagonal elements of the formal loop algebra, which denes the multicomponent KP system.


In this work, we conduct a theoretical analysis of the design, fabrication, and performance measurement of high power and high brightness strained quantum well lasers emitting at 0.98 (mu) m. The material system of interest consists of an Al-free InGaAs/InGaAsP active region and AlGaAs cladding layers. The laser material is grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and demonstrates high quality with low threshold current density, high internal quantum efficiency, and extremely low internal loss. High performance broad-area multi-mode and ridge- waveguide single mode laser devices are fabricated. For 100 (mu) m-wide stripe lasers having a cavity length of 800 (mu) m, a high slope efficiency of 1.08 W/A, a low vertical beam divergence of 340, a high output power of over 4.45 W, and a very high characteristic temperature coefficient of 250 K were achieved. Lifetime tests performed at 1.2-1.3 W (12-13 mW/(mu) m) demonstrates reliable performance. For 4 (mu) m-wide ridge waveguide single mode laser devices, a maximum output power of 394 mW and fundamental mode power up to 200 mW with slope efficiency of 0.91 mW/(mu) m are obtained.


This paper introduces the method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). An outline of the methods is given together with some preliminary tools. The Bayesian approach to statistics is introduced, and the necessary continuous state space Markov chain theory is summarized. Two common algorithms for generating random draws from complex joint distribution are presented; The Gibbs sampler and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. We discuss implementational issues and demonstrate the method by a simple empirical example on a generalized linear mixed model. The reader is assumed to have background in probability theory and to be familiar with discrete time Markov chains on a finite state space.


7-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dimethylxanthine (ABC 99) has been studied in the animal to evaluate its pharmacological activity. This compound was found to have antibronchospastic activity in vitro and in vivo markedly greater than aminophylline. The new compound also had moderate antitussic properties and was an active mucoregulator. ABC 99 acts as an intestinal muscle relaxant, but it has no cardiovascular, urinary, or CNS side effects. The mechanism of ABC 99 could be explained by its inhibition of guinea-pig lung phosphodiesterases and affinity for adenosine receptors, particularly A2 receptors. ABC 99 had a low acute toxicity in animals, indicating it may be useful for treating asthma and chronic bronchitis.


The resuspension of contaminated cohesive sediments can impact water quality by mobilizing sediment particles and adsorbed contaminants. Changes in physicochemical and electrochemical environments around resuspended sediment particles may cause some contaminants to desorb into the water column. The contribution of contaminated sediments to degradation of water quality depends on an estimate of sediment resuspension rates. In this study, the resuspension of Georgia kaolinite sediments under varying pH conditions was investigated in laboratory flume experiments. Because the edge charge of kaolinite particles is pH dependent, kaolinite particles exhibit different modes of particle associations under varying pH conditions. The paper characterizes these particle associations and relates them to the resuspension of kaolinite sediments for varying pH values. Variations in sediment water content, changes from a stratified to a uniform sediment bed, changes in rheological properties, and variations in the electrophoretic mobility of kaolinite particles were all indicative of the changes in particle associations that resulted from changes in sediment pH. The critical shear stress and the erosion rate coefficient were evaluated for varying pH values and explained by particle associations. A rheometer was used to measure rheological properties of the settled sediment bed; the measured yield stresses had a direct correlation with critical shear stresses.


In order to synthesis a kind of PVAc emulsion with high viscosity,30% solid content,good painting performance and storage stability,the PVAc emulsion is modified by copolymerization of vinyl acetate and functional monomer.The research shows that when the protective colloid PVA2488 amount is 10 portion,the grafting temperature is 80~85℃,the amount of mA is 3.5 portion,and the amount of mB is 1.5 portion,the synthesized PVAc has better comprehensive properties.


Active robot learners take an active role in its own learning by asking queries to its human teachers when they receive new data. However, not every received input is useful for the robot, and asking for non-informative inputs or asking too many questions might produce a negative impact on how the human perceives the robot. We present a novelty detection system that enables a robot to ask questions only when it decides that a stimuli is both novel and interesting. Our system is based in separating the decision process in two steps: first discriminating novel from known stimuli to the robot's model and second by discriminating if this stimuli is likely to happen again. Our approach uses the notion of curiosity, which controls the eagerness in which the robot asks questions to the user. We evaluate our approach in the domain of pose learning by training our robot with 20 instances of poses and then showing it some novel ones. Our approach is able to detect novel poses with a 84% F-Score. Also, tuning our curiosity parameter we have been able to control the minimum number of times in which the robot needs to be exposed to a new stimuli before it asks the user a label for this stimuli. Our approach enables robots to keep learning continuously, even after its training is finished. Also, the introduction of the curiosity parameter, allows to tune which are the conditions in which the robot should want to learn more.


The category of perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian of a complex reductive group $G$ gives a canonical geometric construction of the split form of the Langlands dual group $\check G_\bZ$ over the integers. Given a field $k$, we give a Tannakian construction of the quasi-split forms of $\check G_k$, as well as a construction of the gerbe associated to an inner form of $\check G_k$.


When a gas is allowed to flow out along the radius in a rapidly rotating enclosure, it is compressed and therefore heated. The enclosure may be supplied with a coil of pipe carrying a cooling liquid to remove the heat of compression as formed in the gas. On guiding the gas back to the axis, it is cooled by its own expansion, and a maximum ΔT of about 150°C occurs. The work of expansion is determined by the rotor demand, not by the gas temperature or by the gas volume change. Both warm and cold fluids enter and leave the enclosure axially. Analysis shows that the cooling, ΔT, is given by ω2r2/2Cp. The rotational energy of the enclosure is not drawn upon by the steady fluid flows. The cooling liquid moves convectively through its circuit but the gas must enter the enclosure at a pressure somewhat above that at exit. A possible mechanical design is sketched. Maximum peripheral speeds allow 19 cal./gram to be extracted from the gas flow giving for air a drop of 77°C from room temperature. This is more than su...


It is realized a randomized clinical study in full terms and healthy newborns in the Marternity of the Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo in order to determine the effect of the late cord umbilical clamping compared with the early cord umbilcal clamping on neonatal venous hematocrit values at the 24 hours of age. The sample included 120 newborns at term without complications, between november 2006 and june 2007. It assigned 60 newborns for late clamping (50-70 seg) and 60 for early clamping (10-15 seg), after delivery. The assessment of the hematocrit was measured by the capillary tube method at 24 hours afther birth. The results proved that the hematocrit values at 24 hours of the life were higher when the delayed cord clamping was realized, although within physiologic ranges. The average hematocrit in newborns with late umbilical cord clamping was 56.70% DS 6.83 and in the early cord clamping was 48.07% DS 5.73, with staystical diference. The policitemia were higher when the cord clamping was late ( 9% versus 0%) and the anemia with the early cord clamping (15% vs 3.3%). Conclusion: It conclude that the values of the venous hematocrit in full term and healthy newborns at the 24 hours of age, are higher when the late umbilical cord clamping was realized, compared with early umbilical cord clamping


Electronic consultations appear to offer some benefit to patients but increase the workload of GPs, research published in the British Journal of General Practice shows.1

Policy makers have suggested that online consultations could ease pressure on GP practices and improve patient access, but there is limited research on whether they are able to deliver such improvements. Only around 6% of practices have used some form of electronic consultation but a further 20% have plans to do so in the future. There are currently two main e-consultation systems being used in primary care in the …


Genome editing technologies are important tools for studying the specific functions of individual genes or modulating the expression of important genes in organisms for biological research. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) is the prokaryotic adaptive immune system that protects hosts from invading viruses and plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 systems are the most frequently used type of genome editing tool, which is composed of the Cas9 nuclease and the guide RNA which directs Cas9 to the target DNA site by sequence complementarity. In natural systems, guide RNAs are composed of two separate RNA molecules, the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and the transactivating crRNA (tracrRNA), which are commonly artificially fused together to yield a single guide RNA for genome editing (Jinek et al., 2012). In addition to CRISPR/Cas9, a variety of other CRISPR-Cas systems, such as CRISPR/Cas12a (Cpf1), have been developed to overcome the difficulties of genome editing at different loci in different organisms. Recently, several new CRISPR/Cas systems have been identified and employed for genome editing, some of which are bacteriophage origin (Al-Shayeb et al., 2022). In addition, efforts have continuously been made to optimize genome editing efficiency by different CRISPR/ Cas systems belonging to all six known types. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been optimized for reducing their toxicity and for boosting knock-in efficiency in genome editing of primary human cells by using long single-stranded DNA homology-directed repair templates with short regions of double-stranded DNA containing Cas9 target sequences on both ends (Shy et al., 2023). This Research Topic is aimed to further explore the application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools in more biological systems and it includes four research articles. Three articles are under the category of Original Research, and one belongs to the Brief Research Report. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds are the source of our daily edible oil and are rich in monounsaturated oleic acid and polyunsaturated linoleic acid. Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Compared with linoleic acid, oleic acid has better oxidative stability and health benefits, but increasing oleic acid content by knocking out the FAD2 gene can lead to poor plant stress tolerance. The RY repeat element and 2S seed protein motif cis-regulatory elements in the 5′UTR of FAD2 genes have been suggested to have enhancer activity. Neelakandan et al. targeted these two cisregulatory elements of the FAD2 gene promoter by CRISPR/Cas9 to downregulate the expression levels of two homologous FAD2 genes in seed while maintaining normal OPEN ACCESS


Abstract Carbonyl pigments are characterized by the presence of one or more carbonyl (C = O) groups in their structures, generally as a component of the chromophoric grouping and as part of an extended conjugated π-electron system. Structurally, they constitute a diverse group of pigments that offer a wide range of colors throughout the spectrum, and most of them provide high levels of technical performance. This paper provides a description of the historical development of thioindigoid, isoindoline, isoindolinone, and quinophthalone pigment types, and discusses their molecular and crystal structures in relation to their properties, the synthetic procedures used in their manufacture and their principal applications. They provide some of the most important high-performance yellow organic pigments for demanding applications in paints, inks, and plastics. Separate individual chapters in this series are devoted the anthraquinonoid, quinacridone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, perylene, and perinone carbonyl pigment subclasses.


Context features are mostly used to determine the boundary of a target, which allows one to better locate an object. In this paper, we propose the fusion of the spatial attention mechanism and contextual features to simulate the recognition of objects based on the human eye, thereby improving the detection accuracy of detectors. We chose the PASCAL VOC2007+2012 general dataset to test the generality of our method and examined the improved accuracy of our proposed detector on various targets. Our method showed improved accuracy for small targets and partially overlapping targets. Our proposed model improved the detector's accuracy by 3.34%.


The present invention discloses a multi-electrode electrotherapy which comprises a central processor and more than one middle frequency current modulation circuits which are connected to the central processor. The middle frequency current modulation circuit comprises a D/A conversion module, a power amplifier, a boost isolation transformer and an electrode which are connected sequentially. The D/A conversion module is connected to the output end of the central processor. The multi-electrode electrotherapy also comprises a detection module which is connected to the output end of the boost isolation transformer. The output end of the detection module is connected to an A/D converter. The output end of the A/D converter is connected to the input end of the central processor. The structure of the multi-electrode electrotherapy is simple, electrodes conveniently output waveforms close to a preset value to a human body, different intermediate frequency current output in multiple electrodes is conveniently realized at the same time, and the treatment and rehabilitation effects of the electrotherapy are facilitated.


An inkjet recording apparatus (10) includes: an image forming means (24) including nozzle rows (61) which are provided to correspond to inks that are curable by irradiation of an active light beam and have different curing characteristics respectively, and which have nozzles arranged for ejecting the inks; a relative movement means (28, 30, 40) which causes relative movement between the nozzle rows (61) and a recording medium (12) on which the inks ejected from the nozzles are deposited; an ejection control means (112) which controls ink ejection from the image forming means (24) with respect to each of divided units obtained by dividing the nozzle rows (61) into a plurality of units, so as to form layers (80, 82, 84) on the recording medium (12) by the inks ejected from the respective divided units in such a manner that the layers (80, 82, 84) that are formed by the inks ejected from the different divided units are superimposed on each other; an active light beam irradiation means (32A, 32B, 34A, 34B) which irradiates the active light beam onto the inks that have been ejected onto the recording medium (12); and an irradiation light amount variation means (102, 108) which is capable of varying an amount of irradiation light from the active light beam irradiation means (32A, 32B, 34A, 34B), in accordance with the curing characteristics of the inks in the respective layers (80, 82, 84) on the recording medium (12).