Abstract Metrology revealing the form deviation of an aspheric surface is a fundamental part of all different production processes of aspheric lenses. Different processing steps have different requirements for the production. A selection of measuring instruments commonly applied in these processes is presented. This contains tactile and optical pointwise measuring instruments and laser interferometer systems. The principle functionality and the properties are presented. An overview of the application of these systems in different production processes is given. In order to show comparability, measuring results of the different types of systems are presented.


A non-linear multi-objective transportation problem (NMOTP) refers to a special class of non-linear multi-objective problems. In this paper we review goal programming (GP) and fuzzy programming (FP) as two approaches for solving (NMOTP). Meanwhile, by extending Mohamed's idea about fuzzy goal programming (FGP), we propose a fuzzy goal programming approach to solve the non-linear multi-objective transportation problem. To this end, we use a special type of non-linear (hyperbolic) membership functions. Then, by proving a theorem, the relationship between (FP) and (FGP) will be stated. At the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Key–Words: Multi-objective programming problem, non-linear transportation problem, goal programming, fuzzy programming, non-linear membership function (hyperbolic).


Fossils have been known to people since at least Palaeolithic times, when they were employed decoratively. However, it was not until the 17th century that the true origin of fossils became widely acknowledged. In the interim period, a rich folklore developed around fossils, including some bizarre beliefs about their origins and medicinal and magical properties. Names such as thunderbolts, tonguestones, toadstones, snakestones and Devil's Toenails became widely used for different types of fossils in Britain. Fossil folklore not only played an important part in the early history of palaeontology but also serves to underline the role of comparative morphology and the need for living analogues if we are to interpret fossils correctly.


The present invention provides an electrical connector used in straps, wherein the movable member toward the outside of the housing can not leave the electrical connector for flat conductor, i.e., when the movable member in the negative direction after the positive direction of rotation in the open position by the rotating operation is not normal to the direction of rotation in the positive direction, the positive direction of the movable member is rotated leaving the first cam portion (55) mounted mountain-shaped portion (28C), the tread board from the point becomes the new state of the rotational position of the first cam portion, the second terminal (30) of the movable arm (31) is pressed against the first portion has a stop portion is pressed on the second cam engaging portion which is pressed by the contact pressure point in the longitudinal direction toward the other end side engaging portion is pressed, and the second cam portion (56) having the engagement portion is engaged with the pressing engagement pressure receiving portion, whereby the movable member is pressed to the engaging portion engageable with the pressure receiving portion as a fulcrum point together in the positive direction, it is possible to make the first cam portion (55) point away from the board leaving the cam axis pedaling reset to the normal position.


At high-utilization lithography sites, laser light source gas replenishments and gas maintenance operations typically require between 9 and 16 hours per year, during which the light source is unavailable for production. Reducing this downtime is important for increasing the productivity of the lithography cell. Light sources also require intermittent gas maintenance that must be performed manually and therefore can be subject to variability in duration and repeatability. This paper will outline the targeted improvements in availability achieved by equipping the light source with Cymer's iGLXTM Gas Management System. The iGLX System extends the pulse-based interval between gas refills to 4 billion pulses for Cymer's XLA-series and XLR-series light sources, while maintaining existing performance. Additionally, the iGLX System automates some gas maintenance events that were previously manual, improving their speed and reducing variability. This paper will provide some performance data during extended light source operation on lithography cells equipped with the iGLX System. For high-utilization lithography cells, the iGLX System can reduce gas maintenance related downtime by up to 75%, increasing light source availability up to 12 hours per year. Total halogen gas usage can also be reduced by up to 16%, and manual gas maintenance events can be eliminated. The iGLX System has been installed on multiple high-volume scanner systems, which experienced these improvements immediately, and are continuing to operate nominally. As the iGLX System is deployed in volume, additional availability improvements can be realized by more readily synchronizing other lithography line maintenance events with gas replenishment events.


This study was developing a new flavour of fruit jam which was date fruit with Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) and honey. The best formulation achieved from the Hedonic test
was formulation F3. Physicochemical properties, proximate composition and shelf life of the best formulation were determined. Formulation F3 (35% of date Puree, 0.09%
citric acid, 1.0% of pectin, 42% of sugar, 8% of honey, 0.1% of Black Seed and 13.81% of water) was selected as the best formulation. Formulation F3 consists of 27.0±1.01% of moisture content, 0.70±1.05% of ash content, 0.80±0.29% of
protein, almost 0% free-fat which is 0.00±0.11 of fat content, 13.23±0.15% of crude fiber content and lastly 58.27±0.50% of carbohydrate content. Physicochemical test
showed that 4.06±0.05 of pH value, 68.0±0.00 of total soluble solid and titrable acidity of sample was 0,48±0.02% respectively. Texture analysis reported that the
firmness of sample was 568.98±0.98g and the stickiness value was 394.56±1.02g. Shelf life study was carried out for eight weeks through physicochemical test, microbiology test and sensory test. The results concluded that the best formulation of date jams with Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) and honey was successfully produced. In overall, storage study showed that the storage jam still pose the same intensity level with fresh made jam. It is one of the good sign that this product can be sell and market in the food Industry.


As the largest and most important natural terrestrial ecosystem, forest plays a crucial role in reducing the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mitigating global warming, maintaining the global ecological balance, and promoting global biological evolution and community succession. The accurate and rapid assessment of forest biomass is highly significant for estimating the regional carbon budget and monitoring forest change. In this study, Landsat images and China's National Forest Continuous Inventory data of 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014 were used to establish extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models for forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation based on forest type in the Xiangjiang River Basin, Hunan Province, China. Kriging interpolation of the AGB residuals was used to correct the error of AGB estimation. Then, a new XGBoost model was established using the final corrected AGB maps and climate data to estimate the AGB under different climate scenarios during the 2050s and 2070s. The results indicated that AGB estimation using the XGBoost model with correction via Kriging interpolation of the AGB residuals can significantly improve the accuracy of AGB estimation. The total AGB of the study area increased over time from 1999 to 2014, indicating that the forest quality improved in the study area. Under the different climate scenarios, the total AGB during the 2050s and 2070s was predicted to decline continuously with increasing of greenhouse gas emissions, indicating that greenhouse gas emissions have a negative impact on forest growth. The results of this study can provide data support for evaluating the ecological function and value of forest ecosystems, and for formulating reasonable forest management measures to mitigate the effects of climate change.


In this review we consider three important applications of lasers in high energy physics: gamma gamma, gamma electron colliders, laser cooling, positron production. These topics are actual now due to plans of construction linear e+e-, e-e-, gamma-gamma, gamma-e colliders with energies 0.3--1 TeV. High energy photons for gamma-gamma, gamma-e collisions can be obtained using laser backscattering. These types of collisions considerably increase physics potential of linear colliders. Very low emittance of electron beams required for achieving ultimate gamma-gamma luminosity can be obtained using a laser cooling of electron beams. Combining a laser-electron Compton scattering with subsequent conversion of these photons to e+e- pairs on the target (it can be a laser target) one can get a nice source of polarized positron. In this paper, we briefly consider these subjects with emphasis on underlying physics of photon-electron interactions.


Please note, we are currently updating the 2018 Journal Metrics. Criminal Law and Philosophy fills a gap in the scholarly literature by providing a platform for articles that take a philosophical perspective on any issue in the broad field of crime and punishment. It gives readers access to the latest thinking by the field's best scholars. Topics addressed include crime and criminalization; the content, principles, and structure of substantive criminal law; criminal justice and the criminal process; and punishment and sentencing. Contributions from a range of philosophical schools and approaches are encouraged, in particular from both analytically oriented philosophers and from those who draw more from contemporary continental philosophy. The journal also publishes articles with an historical focus on earlier philosophical discussions of crime and punishment as well as articles with a more contemporary focus.


Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the surfactant,ethanol as the dispersant,N-(β-aminoethyl)-α-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent as the surface treatment agent of the fluorescent powder,we investigated the effect of the treatment of LED phosphor with the silane coupling agents and surfactant on the dispersity and settleability of the fluorescent powder were also studied.The influence of the experimental temperature and the content was discussed.The results showed that LED owned packaging effect when the surfactant was 2% of phosphor,the content of silane coupling agent was 3% of phosphor,the mass ratio of phosphor powder and ethanol was 1/5~1/6.The treated phosphor powder had good dispersitivity,and experiment of moisture proof showed no change in 20 hrs,and 10 % agglomeration in 200 hrs,efficiency of packaging increased by 3%~5%.


The results of analytical modeling of the average waiting time of passengers of public transport routes for the urban transit system, when the schedule of public transport on a given route is unknown are described.


The invention discloses an antibody of antiricin. The antibody of antiricin comprises a variable region of light chain and a variable region of heavy chain; wherein, the amino acid sequence of the variable region of heavy chain is the amino acid residue on the 134th-259th position from the amino terminal of sequence 1 in a sequence table; the amino acid sequence of the variable region of light chain is the amino acid residue on the 1st-112th position from the amino terminal of the sequence 1 in the sequence table. The antibody takes the immobilized ricin as antigen and successfully screens humanized antiricin antibody out by utilizing the constructed high-capacity phage antibody library; according to the evaluation of ELISA, the antibody of antiricin has good specificity and the combination activity with ricin is 1.18 to 1.22 when the absorbency value is 490nm.


Due to the system,the restriction of capital?professional talents?facilities and management,as well as the strike of Market economy and culture of popular entertainment.The development and construction of culture centre pose many difficulties for the people's culture movement.In addition,it also declines the agreement of government and common people with the culture centre.Through several years of experiments,I state some pieces of advice on how to overcome such situation.The first and most important is the support of government,we must constantly innovate plat form,innovate system,devote ourselves to exploring and thinking actively and doing our task conscientiously so as to improve the society value of culture centre and make sure of its healthy,sustainable development.


WhatsApp emoji has been widely used by users all over the world especially entrepreneurs during their business interactions. In these interactions, WhatsApp emoji has been discovered to be intriguing. Emoji, among other things, were used to replace non-verbal expressions in face-to-face interactions especially during business communications. However, studies related to the usage of WhatsApp emoji in business interactions were found to be limited, particularly in the Malaysian setting. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine the use of WhatsApp emoji in business communications between a Malaysian entrepreneur and three Iranian counterparts. Content Analysis was used to interpret the messages in the business conversations, and the data was analysed using De Vito's Five-Stage Model of Conversation. The findings revealed that WhatsApp emoji performed a range of functions in business interactions in a BELF setting. In short, WhatsApp has clearly added some useful and valuable features for a variety of uses, including business communications.


Abstract 3062 T cell depletion of the graft in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) prevents the occurrence of severe acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), but also impairs post-transplant anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity. Early intervention with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after alloSCT may prevent relapse of the malignancy and improve immune reconstitution, but can be associated with reintroduction of GvHD. Since under non-inflammatory conditions HLA class II molecules are predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells, DLI consisting of only CD4+ T cells can selectively target residual patient (pt) HLA class II + hematopoietic cells without inducing severe GvHD. However, recently in two pts with acute myeloid leukemia we observed severe GvHD after prophylactic CD4+ DLI following a 10/10 HLA allele matched, but HLA-DPB1 mismatched unrelated donor alloSCT. Both pts received a T cell depleted SCT after a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen, resulting in mixed chimerism (>97 % donor) at 3 months after alloSCT, and no GvHD. A single infusion of 0.5*10 6 purified CD4+ T cells/kg was administered 3.5 months after alloSCT, resulting in a decreasing pt chimerism coinciding with grade 1 skin GvHD, followed by grade 3–4 colonic GvHD 3–8 weeks later. Both pts were successfully treated with immune suppression and are in complete remission (CR) more than one year later. During the clinical immune responses high percentages of activated CD4+ (30–74 %) and CD8+ T cells (9–56 %) were demonstrated in peripheral blood (PB). Using cell sorting, we clonally isolated 777 and 289 CD4+, and 204 and 34 CD8+ T cell clones from pts 1 and 2, respectively, and tested these clones for recognition of multiple pt and donor derived target cells using IFNg ELISA. None of the CD8+ clones were alloreactive. In contrast, 3 and 8 % of the CD4+ T cell clones from pts 1 and 2, respectively, recognized various pt hematopoietic cells, but not donor cells, indicating alloreactivity. Retroviral transduction of donor EBV-LCL with pt HLA-DPB1 alleles identified specific recognition of the mismatched alleles for 2 and 7 % of all CD4+ T cell clones isolated, respectively. The remaining alloreactive CD4+ T cell clones showed a hematopoiesis-restricted minor histocompatibility antigen recognition pattern, since they failed to recognize pt skin fibroblasts pretreated with IFNg to upregulate HLA class II expression. In contrast, the majority of HLA-DPB1 specific CD4+ T cell clones recognized pt IFNg treated skin fibroblasts, indicating a direct role as mediators of GvHD after HLA-DPB1 mismatched CD4+ DLI. Since both pts were in CR, but mixed chimeric at the time of CD4+ DLI, we hypothesized that residual pt HLA-DP+ hematopoietic cells after alloSCT may have served as antigen presenting cells (APC) to induce the HLA-DPB1 specific CD4+ T cell response. Lineage specific chimerism analysis of PB samples prior to CD4+ DLI showed complete donor chimerism in the B cell and myeloid compartments, whereas predominantly pt chimerism (89–100% pt) was demonstrated in the T cell compartment. Flowcytometric analysis showed that 5–25 % of the pt CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were activated and expressed HLA-DP. CMV tetramer analysis demonstrated that 31 % of CD8+ T cells from pt 1 and 10 % from pt 2 were CMV specific, which had expanded as a consequence of CMV reactivation. We hypothesize that the HLA-DPB1 specific CD4+ T cell response has been induced by upregulated HLA-DP expression on activated pt T cells due to preexisting CMV infection, and/or by residual pt derived skin-resident APC, resulting in limited skin GvHD. We demonstrated CMV infection in a colon biopsy at the time of colonic GvHD, suggesting that local production of cytokines by pt derived CMV specific T cells may have upregulated HLA class II expression on non-hematopoietic cells and enhanced the HLA-DPB1 specific CD4+ T cell response, resulting in exacerbation of GvHD. In conclusion, we show in two pts that GvHD after prophylactic CD4+ DLI administered early after HLA-DPB1 mismatched T cell depleted alloSCT was caused by alloreactive CD4+ T cells directed against pt mismatched HLA-DPB1 alleles. Our results suggest that the presence of active viral infections inducing immune responses by residual pt T cells at the time of prophylactic HLA class II mismatched CD4+ DLI increases the likelihood of development of GvHD by influencing HLA class II expression on pt hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


To establish the optimal environmental control in hydroponics, we measured the diurnal courses of net CO2 uptake and NO3consumption of tomato plant cultivated in nutrient film culture and then tried to make the dynamic models of these physiological processes as affected by light intensity based on system identification. Furthermore, online identification was applied to these processes. Two types of dynamic models which are the linear model obtained by the method of least squares and the nonlinear model obtained by the GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) were used in the identification. Using the nonlinear model, we could identify the processes of net CO2 uptake and NO3consumption as affected by light intensity with satisfactory results. On the other hand, using the linear model in the process of NO3consumption to light intensity increased the mean square error between the calculated and the observed responses. In the process of net CO2 uptake to light intensity, however, we could identify using the linear model with satisfactory results. This implies that online identification based on a linear model is effective to the process of net CO2 uptake as affected by the light intensity from the view of efficient identification. (Received July 17, 1989)


Reactive dyes are attached to the cotton fibres by forming strong covalent chemical bond. Bright shades and excellent wash fastness properties are the principal merits of reactive dyes. Reactive dyes have water solubility and possess various reactive groups which during the process of dyeing react chemically with the fibre substrate to form a covalent bond in presence of alkali so that it becomes a part of the fibre itself.


An international marketing exercise consists of students orally providing anintroduction in a chosen foreign language of what they, as potential sales-people, might say to a client in that country. Students speak (not read) theirprepared statements to the class and are leniently, yet constructively, evalu-ated on language use and pronunciation and marketing credibility. Theobjective is to emulate a real business situation and to show students thechallenges of working with different languages and cultures in internationalmarketing and the imperfections of direct translation. Results of a studentsurvey showed that a majority of students believed the exercise to be valuable.


Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of evidence-based nursing (EBN) on compliance behavior and quality of life of elderly patients after artificial femoral head replacement (AFHR). Methods: Eighty-six elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) were included in the study, and randomized into a control group (routine nursing) and a study group (EBN) according to random number table. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of postoperative recovery, compliance behavior, complications, quality of life and nursing satisfaction. Results: The anal exhaust time, time to get out of bed and hospitalization time in the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, patients in the study group had significantly higher compliance behavior, quality of life and nursing satisfaction, and significantly lower incidence of complications (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: EBN for elderly patients with FNF during AFHR can shorten the patients' treatment time, improve their cooperation, compliance behavior and nursing satisfaction, and reduce the incidence of complications, as well as improve their quality of life.


This paper describes the technical aspects of a feasibility study funded to test a new concept in bibliographic control based on the manifestations of a work. A new type of hierarchical bibliographic record structure was used to store sets of bibliographic records in a relational database (Microsoft Access) on a PC. This was then used for an experimental Windows‐based OPAC. The overall success of the idea was evaluated and any problem areas identified with a view to a more substantial study.


On the ninth of November 2016, the Government of India, conveyed a masterstroke, by announcing, as illicit delicate, the 500/ and 1000/ groups in the cash framework. National Restaurant Association of India had detailed ruin of averaging up to 40% income in the part in their underlying weeks. Demonetization is the current greatest test in business of neighborliness and tourism segment in India have depicted in this paper. After a wild fortnight for the whole nation as far back as the legislature proclaim the fractional demonetization of the higher esteem rupee notes. The administration business has certainly stand up to a fleeting impact of this, as spends are suspend towards quick needs. The most difficult time of demonetization sits decently in the dynamic season for the tourism business. There was a flump in lodgings and related administrations appointments in the underlying week after the paper cash withdrawal. In spite of the fact that, the exceptional lodging fragment has not seen much impact as appointments are predominantly done progresses of time and on the web. So the thump has for the most part been bound to the disorderly area. The paper draws certainties from the current articles and different reports. Additionally break down the execution of demonetization and its effect on cordiality and tourism area which depend on the outcomes gathered through study strategy from the proprietors of little to medium visit and travel and inn business of different urban communities in India. This paper carries out key discoveries after cooperation with industry experts as to consolidate continuous, important and contemporary information. Derision changes the workplace of the market. Associations would likewise change in their use and use of the inventive devices and applications for the cashless installment.


To the Editor:

This letter comes in the wake of the analysis by Bereczki et al1 published recently in Stroke . The main rationale for the use of 20% mannitol solutions to reduce intracranial tension rests on the fact that mannitol …


I n Studious Drift: Movements and Protocols for Postdigital Education, Tyson E. Lewis and Peter B. Hyland introduce a process of studioing, which revives a relationship between the art studio and the act of study with the writing of experimental protocols. They describe the process as an indeterminate ritualistic practice and experience of moving with thought, play, and experimentation without predetermined functions, outcomes, or disciplinary boundaries. Studious Drift emerged from a series of in-person and online events, where participants critically experimented with contemporary education's neoliberal logics, which the authors explain have been exacerbated by the expansion of digital learning platforms, e-learning, and online education. In March 2020, Lewis and Hyland opened the Studio-D Project, Education as Experimentation: Possibilities Beyond Outcomes-Based Learning, which was an online project that paired teams of artists, scholars, and educators to design experimental protocols that became accessible for public activation. The book and larger project contribute to a movement of international scholars, artists, educators, and activists using creative, conceptual, experimental, and experiential approaches to disrupt habituated institutional and educational norms through collective action (Harney & Moten, 2013; Illich, 1972; Madoff, 2009; Ouwens et al., 2020; Stein & Miller, 1970/2016; Thorne, 2016). The current movement builds on a history of artists engaged in radical pedagogy and institutional critique (i.e., Critical Art Ensemble, Fluxus, Global Tools, Group Material, Situationist International).


Surveying and mapping technology is one of the key technologies used in petroleum geological exploration and has made significant contributions to geological exploration. However, with the development of science and technology, traditional surveying and mapping technology has low work efficiency and poor information accuracy, which limits its application. This study proposes a surveying and mapping technology based on the 1DCNN-LSTM deep learning model. Through feature selection and feature optimization, the important features extracted by 1DCNN are predicted through LSTM, and the development direction of surveying and mapping technology is optimized and predicted to promote the development of new surveying and mapping technologies. application. By using the orthogonal test to optimize the input factors, determine the relative order of the influence of the factors, and use the 1DCNN-LSTM and BP neural network to train and verify the input factors respectively. The research results show that 1DCNN-LSTM has higher prediction accuracy, and the prediction accuracy is The results show that the 1DCNN-LSTM deep learning model used in the optimization of petroleum geological exploration and mapping technology in this study has strong practical significance.


Sexual attitudes underlying population growth to Bolivia and Peru are discussed. The preferred areas of habitation experience the problems of overpopulation with a high birthrate and rate of population increase checked only by a high rate of infant mortality. Macho and machismo are 2 terms very important in the value system. Macho refers to sex and a macho can keep his machismo in marriage if he fathers a child a year in marriage and a few illegitimate children also. A corollary of machismo is male dominance which may mean that a wife is under pressure to produce the yearly child. The concept of the double standard is accepted at all social and economic levels. Contraception is almost unknown to mestizos and Indians. However in La Paz among the wealthy 80% of fertile women use contraceptives. 8 out of 10 use the pill 1 in 10 uses a diaphrgm and 1 in 10 continues with older vaginal preparations. there is evidence that knowledge and use of birth control is becoming more usual in lower economic levels. Woman in Sopocachi assume responsibility for birth control. Precocious sexual activity is the norm in Bolivia and Peru and autoeroticism is almsot absent.


What is the likely diagnosis? A 37-year-old man presented with streaky and intermittent hemoptysis over a period of 2 months. He was an excigarette smoker with an insignificant smoking index. General examination was normal. Respiratory system examination showed the presence of rhonchus on the right Address for correspondence: Dr. J. M. Joshi, Department of Respiratory Medicine, T. N. Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai‐400008, India. E‐mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The problems of minerals substance entrance in man organism, the daily consumption and characteristics symptom of chemical elements defi cit are consider. The main role of iodine and selen on nutrition of man are emphasizing. It is mention, that the rows of wild plants are used as source of microand macro-elements.


The ability of potential antagonist, Hendersonia sp. isolate GanoEF1 to control Ganoderma boninense was investigated in this research . Five hundred endophytic fungi were isolated from roots of healthy palms standing in disease foci of the basal stem rot (BSR) disease of oil palm. These fungi were screened in vitro for their antagonistic properties towards Ganoderma boninense, the causal pathogen of BSR disease. Based on screening using dual culture and liquid culture assay, Hendersonia sp. isolate GanoEF1 proved effective in controlling the growth of G. boninense in both bioassays. In dual culture assay, isolate GanoEF1 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/


In 1978, Lewis Hill, in an instructive article in the Review of Social Economy, persuasively demonstrated that "the goals and objectives of social economies are completely compatible with the philosophy and methodology of institutionalism". Consequently, he concludes, "both schools of economic thought could be strengthened by a synthesis which would merge the goals and objectives of social economics with the pragmatic philosophy and methodology of institutional economics". Hill arrived at this conclusion by first summarising the goals and objectives of social economics and by distilling the work of Thorstein B. Veblen, John R. Commons, Wesley Clair Mitchell and Clarence E. Ayres, thereby setting forth the philosophy and methodology of institutional economics. Noting that the "four founding fathers of institutionalism constitute an extremely diverse group of scholars", he observed that "the only feature which ties them together…was their common acceptance of pragmatism as the philosophical basis of their economic thought". He then identified seven aspects of the effects of pragmatism on the philosophical foundation of institutionalism. He also described five characteristics that set social economists apart.


The large mass bias was corrected during the measurement of Ru isotope abundance by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS).A natural RuCl3 sample was determined by isoprobe MC-ICP-MS.The power law,exponential law and generalised power law(GPL)were adopted to correct the mass discrimination.The results show that if 100Ru/102Ru,104Ru/102Ru ratio are adopted to be the normalization,the mass bias can be well corrected by GPL.The correcting values of isotopic abundance ratios of Ru agree with the natural values at the level of(20—650)×10-6.


The tendency toward unmanned operation is diffusing rapidly among shipbuilding circles with the adoption of numerical control system. Numerically controlled burning machines are already adopted in many shipyards in Japan. Kobe Shipyard & Engine Works adopted two units of numerically controlled slow curvature burning machines about two years ago. These burning machines are working efficiently but with some defects. In order to correct these defects, the authors made power up equipment for this NC burning machine. The new power up devices were installed on the two burning machines in the Kobe Shipyard, increasing their working efficiency approximate two times. The authors describe in detail how this was achieved.


In this study we performed analysis of medical charts of 52 children from 1 month to 3 years old, who had a level of 25hydroxy-cholecalciferol in blood serum. 38.5% of children suffered hypovitaminosis D. Among them were 65% of children from 1 to 12 month old, 35% of children from one to three years old. That is why, despite living in a Southern region, children need prophylaxis administration of vitamin D in the level of 500 ME daily in autumn-winter period.


The invention relates to an assembly device (100) and method having a screw device (101) for tightening and loosening screws, having a screw head (102) and a housing (103), wherein measurement errors of an angle measuring device (104) are corrected by means of a detecting unit (105) for detecting erroneous sensor data in the rest state, and more precise and secure tightening of screws or nuts is thereby enabled.


We report on an extensive experiment to compare an iterative solver preconditioned by several versions of incomplete LU factorization with a sparse direct solver using LU factorization with partial pivoting. Our test suite is 24 nonsymmetric matrices drawn from benchmark sets in the literature. On a few matrices, the best iterative method is more than 5 times as fast and more than 10 times as memory-efficient as the direct method. Nonetheless, in most cases the iterative methods are slower; in many cases they do not save memory; and in general they are less reliable. Our primary conclusion is that a direct method is currently more appropriate than an iterative method for a general-purpose black-box nonsymmetric linear solver. We draw several other conclusions about these nonsymmetric problems: pivoting is even more important for incomplete than for complete factorizations; the best iterative solutions almost always take only 8 to 16 iterations; a drop-tolerance strategy is superior to a column-count strategy; and column MMD ordering is superior to RCM ordering. The reader is advised to keep in mind that our conclusions are drawn from experiments with 24 matrices; other test suites might have given somewhat different results. Nonetheless, we are not aware of any other studies more extensive than ours.


By using prepolymers to dissolve oxidisers and solid components in a propellant system, we can overcome the complicated procedure and problems faced during the casting of propellants that have a low binder content. Dissolving all or even parts of the solid components can decrease the viscosity thus increasing the solid loading capacity of the propellant. This method of casting propellants has many advantages over traditional preparation methods, such as being able to cast the propellant without the use of vacuuming or vibrating machines. This paper mainly discusses the high density oxidiser, Lithium Perchlorate, and the effect of its high solubility in polar solvents. By adding these solvents to functional groups, we can create a solution that once cured, turns into a rubber that could be used as a high performance propellant. We are not the origin of this idea, however we're the first to test it. This method could also be applied to energetic materials and gun propellants in order to reach a higher density with binders.


The preoperative and postoperative management of patients with obstructive jaundice has evolved from a series of therapeutic contributions, each of which was in particular vogue for a period. The integral analysis of these methods is instructive, for it indicates the present trend, and forms a sounder basis not only for a modern therapeutic regimen but for further clinical and laboratory investigation. The factors that govern mortality in patients with obstructive jaundice and the philosophy of treatment that is soundest today are known to all. After synthetic vitamin K (menadione) and various related substances had been used parenterally for over one year with excellent results in the control of postoperative bleeding, the impression was obtained that at last the problem of the jaundiced patient undergoing surgical treatment, was under control.1This impression was not entirely correct. Indeed, mortality reports from other clinics often indicated no better, and perhaps poorer, results


Possible interpretations of the results of the Viking Biology Experiments suggest that >1 ppm of a thermally labile oxidant, perhaps H2O2, and about 10 ppm of a thermally stable oxidant are present in the martian soil. We reexamine these results and discuss implications for future missions, the search for organics on Mars, and the possible health and engineering effects for human exploration. We conclude that further characterization of the reactivity of the martian regolith materials is warranted—although if our present understanding is correct the oxidant does not pose a hazard to humans. There are difficulties in explaining the reactivity of the Martian soil by oxidants. Most bulk phase compounds that are capable of oxidizing H2O to O2per the Gas Exchange Experiment (GEx) are thermally labile or unstable against reduction by atmospheric CO2. Models invoking trapped O2 or peroxynitrates (NOO-2) require an unlikely geologic history for the Viking Lander 2 site. Most suggested oxidants, including H2O2, are expected to decompose rapidly under martian UV. Nonetheless, we conclude that the best model for the martian soil contains oxidants produced by heterogeneous chemical reactions with a photochemically produced atmospheric oxidant. The GEx results may be due to catalytic decomposition of an unstable oxidizing material by H2O. We show that interfacial reaction sites covering <1% of the available soil surfaces could explain the Viking Biology Experiments results. Due to the low concentration of reactive agents, the fact that they are probably composed of elements that are common in the soil, and their observed instability, it is unlikely that a sample return mission would be effective in identifying them. Methods for in situ characterization of the oxidant must be developed that are consistent with the dry state of the soil. Traditional terrestrial methods of characterizing the soil Eh are unsuitable. Alternative methods must be developed; one approach under development involves exposing a wide variety of materials to the martian regolith and monitoring their reactions.


Sound design constitutes one of the most creative and critical tasks that a multimedia production requires. The process and techniques used to successfully complete this sensible part of the production workflow requires not only the need of talent and creativity of the artists and the technical skills of the staff, but it requires of the accurate implementation of the microphone recording techniques and engineering to assure the quality in each part of the chain in the production workflow. Because of this it is necessary to count with the correct knowledge and training so the production can meet the International standards of quality and the final product can meet a professional level...


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the moderator variables namely gender, birth order, and family size. The independent variable was the method of instruction while the dependent variables were the student performance in solving moral dilemmas according to Kohlbergs' Moral Development Stages. The instrument comprised preand post-tests that contain moral dilemmas adapted from Kohlbergs' Development Skills (1975). The sample comprised 60 Form Four students from two intact classes. Equivalence in achievement between the classes was established using the Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) examination results. However, there were no significant differences between Problem-Based Learning with cooperative learning and Problem-Based Learning with Individual learning in preferences for giving punishment, giving warnings, giving benefit of the doubt, and apathy by gender, birth order and family size. The findings showed that Problem-Based Learning with Individual learning is more effective in increasing positive moral values and is recommended for use in the classroom.


Although "unipolar electrograms" recorded from the His‐bundle position have been used to help position catheters for His‐bundle ablation, the techniques used to record such electrograms have not been standardized. The effects of five anode locations (right chest wall, anterior chest wall, left chest wall, posterior chest wall, and inferior venu cava) on unipolar atrial, His bundle and ventricular electrograms recorded from the His‐bundle position were examined in ten patients undergoing clinical electrophysiology studies. Electrograms were recorded at filter settings of 50–500 as well as 0.05–1000 Hz. The location of the anode had no consistent effect on the amplitude, duration or morphology of any of the electrograms at either filter setting, but signals recorded with the inferior vena cava anode had the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio. A filter setting of 50–500 Hz decreased the amplitude of atrial (0.72 to 0.33 mV‐P < 0.01), His bundle (0.38 vs 0.32 mV‐P < 0.01) and ventricular electrograms (3.71 vs 2.01 mV‐P < 0.001) compared to a filter setting of 0.05‐1,000 Hz. The filter setting did not affect electrogram duration. We concluded that the use of an electrode catheter in the inferior vena cava as the anode when recording "unipolar electrograms" from the His‐bundle position yields a better signal‐to‐noise ratio than a skin patch on the chest and appears to be the optimal method for recording unipolar electrograms.


Introduction Hidden Markov models (HMMs) [1-3] have been shown to be quite effective in classifying protein families and recognizing protein motifs from amino acid sequences. These models consist of a set of states, each with a probability of generating a particular residue, and a set of transition probabilities for moving from one state to the next. For protein sequences, there is usually a single state for each residue position in the model, and the transition possibilities are restricted to three: transition to the next residue position, insertion, or deletion of the next position. Thus, HMMs are constrained to represent only correlations that are local in the amino acid sequence. That is, the amino acid observed at a particular position only depends directly on the position immediately preceding it. Further, the HMM is assumed to be causal in that the dependencies are only with preceding positions and not the following positions. One could turn the sequence around and model it as anticausal, but two-way correlations cannot be modeled with the HMM structure that is usually employed. These observations lead to questions about whether more distant correlations contain important information that might improve classification performance. From observing protein structures, it is clear that most active sites are composed of residues from different parts of the protein sequence, so they are not as local as the HMM model would imply. Thus, if we had a way to model more distant correlations, we might be able to improve the specificity of motif recognition. Once we determine that we want to try to model more distant correlations, we encounter two related problems. First, we have to consider how we will model the correlations. Given an unknown sequence aligned to a known model, one straightforward approach would dictate that we develop a joint probability model for each pair of residue positions. Such a model would be multinomial, with 400 (20 amino acids x 20 amino acids) possible outcomes. Unfortunately, developing such a model for anything but the smallest protein motifs quickly becomes a large problem. For a 200-residue model, we would have 200x200 = 40000 pairs to evaluate, with 400 possible outcomes for each. Further, as we shall see in a later example, using all of the possible pairs may not give optimal detection. Given that we do not use all possible pairs of positions, we have to choose a subset of the pairs to use …


The biochemical activities of dirigent proteins (DPs) give rise to distinct complex classes of plant phenolics. DPs apparently began to emerge during the aquatic-to-land transition, with phylogenetic analyses revealing the presence of numerous DP subfamilies in the plant kingdom. The vast majority (>95%) of DPs in these large multigene families still await discovery of their biochemical functions. Here, we elucidated the 3D structures of two pterocarpan-forming proteins with dirigent-like domains. Both proteins stereospecifically convert distinct diastereomeric chiral isoflavonoid precursors to the chiral pterocarpans, (–)- and (+)-medicarpin, respectively. Their 3D structures enabled comparisons with stereoselective lignan– and aromatic terpenoid–forming DP orthologs. Each protein provides entry into diverse plant natural products classes, and our experiments suggest a common biochemical mechanism in binding and stabilizing distinct plant phenol–derived mono- and bis-quinone methide intermediates during different C–C and C–O bond–forming processes. These observations provide key insights into both their appearance and functional diversification of DPs during land plant evolution/adaptation. The proposed biochemical mechanisms based on our findings provide important clues to how additional physiological roles for DPs and proteins harboring dirigent-like domains can now be rationally and systematically identified.


In the field of asphalt concrete, the use of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has become one of the most popular methods of meeting sustainability demands. Researchers have determined that WMA use can lead to reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. Early literature hypothesized that an additional benefit, regardless of the WMA additive or process used, was decreased susceptibility to thermal cracking. The current study examined this hypothesis through laboratory testing of four WMA mixtures produced at a reduced production temperature and a reference hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. The disk-shaped compact tension, indirect tension, and acoustic emission tests were used to characterize the low-temperature properties of the mixture. The fracture energy results of the disk-shaped compact tension test showed that the chemical additives improved fracture energy in comparison with HMA and that the organic and foaming additives reduced fracture energy. The indirect tension creep compliance test produced similar results, in which the two chemical additive–modified WMA systems increased mixture creep compliance, while the other two systems did not significantly alter creep compliance as compared with the control HMA mixture. Acoustic emission testing provided further information regarding the low-temperature behavior of WMA mixtures. The foaming additive displayed an embrittlement temperature similar to that of HMA, whereas the organic additive increased the embrittlement temperature. The two chemical additive–modified mixtures produced differing embrittlement temperatures. It was concluded that resistance to thermal cracking was not ensured by producing WMA mixtures at lower temperatures. Therefore, performance testing is critical to evaluating WMA technologies in locations susceptible to low temperatures.


ABSTRACT The author argues that the Arab Spring is a popular quest for freedom in all its manifestations. In this pursuit, sectarian feuds have been minimal and Islamists have been cut down to size. This does not mean that Arab Muslims do not care about religion, but they see it in the context of a personal moral code within a wider cultural context. Although it is by no means certain that the Arab Spring will succeed, the threat to the revolt will come more from the remnants of despotic regimes, especially the military and the police, than from Islamist groups. To forestall this from happening, the West could help with a package of diplomatic and economic support. The confusion about the uprising that is unfortunately widespread in Western capitals is due to old "Arab hands," stuck as they are in their time warp, desperately clinging to dead and dying certainties.


In a system maintained over a long time period, as is the case for legacy software, there will be many unknown and non-trivial relationships among components. Finding such hidden relationships may help software engineers in their maintenance activities. In this paper we present an approach whereby we mine software update records to find relationships between files that are changed together. The generalized models we present as results are obtained by using features extracted from different sources of knowledge such as source code and problem reports. The predictive quality of some of the generated models suggest that they can be deployed to be used in a real world setting. The paper also includes the results of analyzing the structure of some of the best models obtained.


Field experiment was carried out at Research and Production Station of National Research Center at Nubaria and Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., during two successive seasons 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 on Paulownia kawakamii seedlings. The experiment was planned to study the effect of some microelements (Fe, Zn and Mn at 50 and 100 ppm for each element) on growth and chemical composition. The main results could be summarized as follows: Stem fresh and dry weights, plant height and root diameter increased by application of Fe at 50ppm. Stem diameter, number of leaves and root fresh and dry weights affected by spraying the seedlings with Zn at 100 ppm. Leaves fresh and dry weight and leaf area increased by application of Mn at 50 ppm. Root number/plant increased by addition of Fe at 50ppm. The highest values of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents were obtained with Zn at 50 ppm.The highest values of carbohydrates percentage in leaves, stems and roots were obtained with Fe at 50 ppm. Nitrogen percentage in leaves, stems and roots was high at Fe 50 ppm, phosphorus percentage in stem was high at Mn 100 ppm. The highest value of potassium percentage was recorded with leaves at Fe 50 ppm, in stems at Zn 50 ppm and in roots at Fe 100 ppm. Fe, Mn and Zn contents in leaves, stems and roots increased by their foliar application. Key word: Paulownia kawakamii, Micronutrient, Fertilizer, Vegetative growth


The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) algorithm used widely in SAR community is proven to be robust and is a superior phase error correction method for fine reso1ution SAR. The PGA technique for spotlight mode imaging,however,cannot be directly applied to image formed in the stripmap model. To compensate the sonar platform movement errors that will distort the SAS image,based on the inherent re1ations between spotlight SAS (Synthetic Aperture Sonar) and stripmap SAS,a movement error model for stripmap SAS is provided and PGA can be applied to stripmap SAS in following manners. Firstly,the stripmap SAS images are divided in along-track into many overlapping strips. Next,each strip is focused by spotlight PGA. Finally the focused strips are pieced together to form the new image and the PGA processing for stripmap SAS is complished. The processing results of pool data show the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.


Abstract Pepper is known to be antibacterial. Two new phenolic compounds reported to be present in green pepper but absent in black, were tested for their antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphyloccus aureus, Bacillus cereus andEscherichia coli. The compounds 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol glucoside (A) and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-(N-ethylamino) benzamide (B) were found to inhibit the growth of all of the four bacteria tested. Growth inhibitory action of Compound A (2.25 mmol/L) was nearly equal to that of 4-methylcatechol (2 mmol/L), while compound B was less effective (7.6 mmol/L) probably due to its unstable nature.


Less Developed Countries need to accumulate capitalfor economic devel-opment. in this countries, because of capital scarcity and absence of strong capitalist group, capital is accumulated by governments by means oftax systems. Development policies also made progress within theframe-work of assumption in Turkey before and after establishment of The Republic (1923). The Turkish governments intervented on the economy by means of the tax system betvveen 1923-1939. This article discusses how Turkish governments' interventions on the economy in this affect the social sectors.


<jats:p>The main object of this paper is to find necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized Bessel functions of first kind <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> to be in the classes <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="script">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">U</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">P</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> of uniformly spiral-like functions and also give necessary and sufficient conditions for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> to be in the above classes. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">I</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math> to be in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">U</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">T</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> provided that the function <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> is in the class <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="script">R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>τ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. Finally, we give conditions for the integral operator <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">G</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>κ</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>z</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mo stretchy="false">∫</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> to be in the class <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">U</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">P</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="script">T</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:math> Several corollaries and consequences of the main results are also considered.</jats:p>


Lysophagy-the selective elimination of damaged lysosomes by the autophagy pathway-is a critical housekeeping mechanism in cells. This pathway surveils lysosomes and selectively demarcates terminally damaged lysosomes for elimination. Among the most upstream signaling proteins in this pathway are the glycan binding proteins-Galectins-which recognize N and O linked glycan chains on the luminal side of transmembrane lysosomal proteins. These glycosyl modifications are only accessible to galectin proteins upon extensive lysosomal membrane rupture and serve as a sensitive measure of lysosomal damage and eventual clearance by selective autophagy. Indeed, prior work has shown that immunofluorescence of Galectin-3 serves as a convenient proxy for lysophagic flux in tissue culture cells (Aits et al., 2015; Maejima et al., 2013). Here we describe a method for monitoring protein recruitment to damaged lysosomes via immunofluorescence and confocal imaging.


A plasmonic material-coated circular-shaped photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed to explore the optical guiding performance of the refractive index (RI) sensing at 1.7–3.7 μm. A twin resonance coupling profile is observed by selectively infiltrating liquid using finite element method (FEM). A nano-ring gold layer with a magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coating and fused silica are used as plasmonic and base material, respectively, that help to achieve maximum sensing performance. RI analytes are highly sensitive to SPR and are injected into the outmost air holes of the cladding. The highest sensitivity of 27,958.49 nm/RIU, birefringence of 3.9 × 10−4, resolution of 3.70094 × 10−5 RIU, and transmittance dip of −34 dB are achieved. The proposed work is a purely numerical simulation with proper optimization. The value of optimization has been referred to with an experimental tolerance value, but at the same time it has been ensured that it is not fabricated and tested. In summary, the explored C-PCF can widely be eligible for RI-based sensing applications for its excellent performance, which makes it a solid candidate for next generation biosensing applications.


Writing is a skill that must be possessed by students ranging from primary level to university level. Write beginning with the cursive writing to be one of the competency standard curriculum demands. With the application of a different curriculum between curriculum 2006 and curriculum 2013 makes a difference also in the learning process and the results of students' skills in cursive writing. The objevtive of this research is to compare the cursive writing learning in the curriculum 2006 and curriculum 2013 that found a pattern of curriculum or learning methods appropriate to be applied in a low grade in elementary school. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach through a comparative study at twelve primary schools in the town of Sragen. The subjects of the 2nd grade students. The sampling technique was conducted by purposive sampling. Data collection through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis used the model of interactive analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing the conclusion. The results showed that the cursive writing learning skills more deeply on primary school curriculum of 2006 than primary school curriculum of 2013. The exact method of learning cursive writing is the method according to the students' needs and learning materials, meaningful, motivating and improve the skills of teachers in training cursive writing writing skills in students.


Background:
 Studies have reported that heparin and exercise may alleviate myocardial ischemia in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).Moreover, exercise alone can alleviate ischemic heart disease, e.g., cardiac rehabilitation in adult coronary disease. Exercise induces secretion of some growth factors and improves endothelial function. We found that exercise may play a role in physiologically increasing the diameter of the coronary artery(CA) in KD patients with history of coronary aneurysm.

 Clinical course:
 We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who had been admitted to our hospital at 6 months of age. He had long-term fever, rash, peripheral edema, conjunctivitis, and strawberry tongue and was diagnosed with KD. We treated him with a high dose of gamma globulin and pulse therapy. Despite these treatments, he developed coronary aneurysms on both sides. In the left descending artery (LAD), the aneurysmal diameter was 8 mm. We initiated treatment with warfarin and aspirin and performed angiography twice in the acute phase and at one year after admission, followed by magnetic resonance coronary angiography every 6 months. At 6 years of age, the aneurysmal changes disappeared. We stopped warfarin and started regular exercise on a weekly basis (1 hour of running and 2 hours of baseball). After initiation of exercise,echocardiography showed that LAD diameter increased from 2.8 mm to 3.5 mm. At 9 years of age, we performed angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to determine whether this increase in diameter was due to recurrent aneurysmal change or physiological change. The diameter of the LAD was 3.5 mm (>+2 SD of normal). IVUS showed that there was a small amount of endothelial hypertrophy but no irregularity, calcification, or thrombus. Thus, we concluded that this dilatation was not an inflammatory change but a physiological change.

 Conclusion:
 Regular exercise may play a role in improving CA lesions through arterial dilatation and improvement of endothelial function.


In this paper, a novel fuzzy synchronization method is proposed to synchronize two identical discrete-time 2D hyperchaotic maps. Firstly, the T-S fuzzy model of the considered discrete-time 2D hyperchaotic map is constructed. The simple T-S fuzzy model with four IF-THEN rules can represent the hyperchaotic map accurately. Then, according to the PDC technique, a simple fuzzy state feedback controller is designed. By choosing appropriate controller gain matrices, the complete synchronization can be reached. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy synchronization method.


We present a rare case with pituitary apoplexy after three-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). The patient exhibited right third cranial nerve palsy; ptosis of the right eye with completely dilated pupils and a loss of reflex to light after the effects of anesthesia completely subsided. The patient underwent endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary gland 14 days after the OPCAB, and the symptoms completely disappeared 40 days after the resection. OPCAB is recommended for patients with known pituitary tumor who require coronary artery bypass grafting, but OPCAB also has a risk of pituitary apoplexy. The present case report is the first to describe pituitary apoplexy after OPCAB. Pituitary apoplexy is a very rare complication after cardiac surgery, but cardiac surgeons should know the disease and quickly diagnose it to avoid severe brain injury.  2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.


This self-experiment investigated the effects of daily encouraging selfstatements said orally within a one-minute counting period on the frequency of detected forgets. We used six weeks of initial baseline data (i.e., the Before condition) to assess the frequency of detected forgets in the absence of the intended treatment of encouraging self-statements. We observed an immediate change in frequency of detected forgets following the initiation of the encouraging self-statements. As the frequency of encouraging self-statements accelerated, the frequency of detected forgets improved to a total frequency spread of no occurrences, to 1 occurrence per counting period during the final five weeks of intervention. The frequency of detected forgets remained low for the four weeks without the countingperiods for the daily self-statements.


In three different types of canine heart preparations, it was demonstrated that efferent vagal stimulation exerts a potent, negative inotropic influence upon the ventricular myocardium. In the paced, isovolumetric, left ventricle preparation, vagal stimulation evoked a reduction of left ventricular systolic pressure which, within limits, varied directly with the magnitude of the stimulus. Supramaximal stimulation elicited a mean reduction of 23% in the peak pressure generated by the left ventricle. No differences could be detected between the effects of the right and left vagi upon ventricular contractility. The percentage changes induced by vagal stimulation upon ventricular contractility in the paced heart were less than the percentage changes in heart rate induced in the spontaneously beating heart. In a pumping heart preparation in which a constant rate of venous return was delivered to the left atrium, vagal stimulation consistently elicited an appreciable elevation of left ventricular end diastolic ...


Abstract Business graduates must have effective skills in communication, and constraints in education require that efficient teaching strategies be used. Business communication as a process, not just a product, requires a variety of skills—the ability to use the language effectively, to analyze a reader's situation and needs, and to persuade the reader to adopt the writer's point of view. This study sought to find correlations between business communication course grades and courses in English, marketing, and psychology. Although none of the correlation statistics was higher than .45, the results suggest the following for the business communication course: principles from personal selling should be incorporated; English composition serves as a satisfactory prerequisite; rhetorical writing in English appears to bear only minor similarity to rhetorical writing in business; and more collaboration between English and business teachers could enhance business students' communication competencies.


One of the major causes of search failures in information retrieval systems is vocabulary mismatch. This paper presents a solution to the vocabulary problem through two strategies known as term suggestion (TS) and term relevance feedback (TRF). In TS, collection-specific terms are extracted from the text collection. These terms and their frequencies constitute the keyword database for suggesting terms in response to users' queries. One effect of this term suggestion is that it functions as a dynamic directory if the query is a general term that contains broad meaning. In term relevance feedback, terms extracted from the top-ranked documents retrieved from the previous query are shown to users for relevance feedback. This kind of local TRF expands users' search vocabularies and guides users in search directions closer to their goals. In our experiment, interactive TS provides very high precision rate while achieving similar recall rate as n-gram matching. Local TRF achieves improvement in both precision and recall rate in full-text News database and degrades slightly in recall rate in bibliographic database due to the very limited source of information for feedback. In terms of Rijsbergen's combined measure of recall and precision, both TS and TRF achieve better performance than n-gram matching, which implies that the greater improvement in precision rate compensates the slightly degradation in recall rate for TS and TRF. We conclude that both TS and TRF provide users with richer guidance and more predictable results than n-gram matching alone.


Alteen considers an exhibition of three-dimensional paintings of the industrial landscape that utilize billboard structures in its relation to Haag's earlier work. Artist's statement.


The ambiguity of external genitals may cause difficulties in the attribution of gender at birth, therefore dealing with such cases may be very problematic for health staff. Even now that gender dignosis is made by ultrasonography diagnosis at a prenatal stage, decisions about how to behave are taken alter birth. This article analizes clinical, bioethical, and forensic medicine aspects of the assignation of gender. After recalling the biological and cultural factors of sexual differentiation, some clinical pictures of intersexuality are illustrated. In the second part the Author examines the criteria for the treatment of genital ambiguities used until today (somatic criterion; criterion of medico-surgical praticability; criterion of prevalence), and proposes the diagnostic criterion.


Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, Volume 71 Issue 3 (March 2023) 98 Ca s e De s C r i p t i o n Case 1 A 45-year-old male with chronic kidney disease had a fever, myalgia, and mild cough for 2 days. COVID-19 was confirmed by a rapid antigen test. He had no complaints of breathlessness, chest pain, or vomiting. Following the fever, he developed worsening hypoxia and respiratory distress in the 2nd week of illness, for which he required oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. He was started on corticosteroids, heparin, and antibiotics. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax showed severe COVID-19 pneumonia and normal mediastinum. He never received positive pressure ventilation, and he was transferred out of the COVID-19 care facility on day 31. On reception in the medical intensive care unit, his respiratory rate was 32 breaths/minute and oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 96% on a nonrebreather mask at 12 L/minute of oxygen. Hamman's crunch was absent. Normal vesicular breath sounds were heard bilaterally. Hemogram showed leucocytosis with a total count of 22,800 cells/μL—neutrophils 86% and lymphocytes 9%. His serum urea was 167 mg/dL, and serum creatinine—2.98 mg/dL. His arterial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio was 79, suggesting severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HRCT of the thorax (on day 31) showed pneumomediastinum extending from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm (Fig. 1A). We managed him conservatively for isolated pneumomediastinum. Repeat HRCT of the thorax on day 36 showed near-total resolution of pneumomediastinum (Fig. 1B). His oxygen


A comparison is made between the natural geomagnetic background in the frequency range 0.006–0.6 Hz and fluctuations of the difference in received signal strength between the two magnetoionic modes of vertically incident broad-band radio signals in the range 6–16 MHz, observed at a single station near Victoria, British Columbia. At this station the following points were observed:1. During the daytime there is often a spectral component common to the radio-signal fluctuations and to the natural geomagnetic background, even during quiet magnetic times. There is seldom phase coherence, however, except for a few minutes at a time.2. There is a small but highly significant (1%) linear correlation R = 0.33 between all the hourly mean amplitudes of the radio-signal fluctuation level and the hourly mean amplitudes of the natural geomagnetic background. The correlation coefficient rises as high as R = 0.71 at 1400–1500 local time, when only a particular hour of each day is considered. It is concluded that geomagne...


Atmospheric aerosols have recently attracted considerable attention due to their effects on climate, atmospheric chemistry, and health. This interest has triggered a variety of activities including the development of new analytical methods for a better characterization of atmospheric aerosol particles, some of which are presented here. Emphasis is laid on the description of methods for on-line and in situ analysis, since the analysis of many processes requires a good time resolution, and since in situ analysis methods are less prone to sampling artefacts.


Abstract Bioconversion of methylamine (MA) was studied using two sets of biofilters arranged in three stages and packed with inoculated peat-based media of initial pH 7.89 and 4.77, respectively. Tests were made to compare effects of initial media pH on the performance of the filter and on the variation of physicochemical properties of the medium for treating MA. A MA loading of 3.50 g nitrogen per m3 medium per hour was kept in the first stages of both filters. Results indicated that all the influent MA was hydrolyzed to ammonia in the pH range of 7.5 to 8.5. About 1/3 of the ammonia nitrogen was nitrified to nitrate and 1/3 was converted into organic or cell nitrogen. Properties of the media varied over time and with the height of the packing. The neutral medium performed well compared with the acid one. Maximum absorption capacities of 40 g ammonia-N and 42 g nitrate-N per kilogram of dry medium were observed for the neutral medium. Maximum rate of nitrification was 0.69 g nitrogen per m3 medium per ho...


h has bCCIl known for a long ti1llC that the epcndyrnal surfaces of the cerebral vClltrieles are cili:lted. but it was not appreciated how many cilia were present until studies were carrie] out with a scanning "Ien ron microscope (I, J. -1.12,13). In this scud)' a surve)' of tlw distribution of the cilia on the ependYl1lal sllrfaccs of the ventrieles of rats !las been compared with the flndings in hU1llans, a previous study in twO l-IyJ mice wilh hydrocephalus having ShOWll diminution in the eilia on Ihe lateral walls of the ventricles, and loss of ependyma on the ventricular roof (2).


Earlier this year,1 we explored whether joint ventures between otherwise unrelated parties might be subject to the constraints of Code Sec. 482. While the parties in such ventures do jointly control an enterprise with which they engage in various transactions, the context of two otherwise independent parties, perhaps even competitors, lends an arm's length feeling that may reduce the vulnerability to Code Sec. 482 challenges. Our column identified three levels of inquiry in a joint venture case:


Aim:  An optimal treatment regimen based on individual virological response is essential to maximize the efficiency of interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C.


The impact strength of microcellular poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) produced from an industrial formulation was investigated. The solid‐state process with carbon dioxide as the blowing agent was used to prepare the specimens. Processing conditions were explored to produce microcellular PVC with a relative density of 0.6 and higher. These foams were impact tested by using a falling‐weight impact tester. Impact strength of microcellular PVC was found to decrease linearly with relative density. The gas saturation pressure did not significantly affect the impact strength of microcellular PVC foams. Microcellular PVC foams with up to 40% reduction in density possessed a normalized mean failure energy of 3.8 J/mm (0.85 in.‐lb/0.001 in.).


I am sending this to you and the Directors of the ACS to try to ensure that you have the information that you need to make an honest and independent evaluation of the issues related to climate change. I have been a member of ACS for over 30 years and I have conducted my own independent research into climate change for the last 6 years. My research focus has been the quantitative determination of the surface temperature from the surface flux balance. The UN Climate Committee has recently released AR5, its 5th Assessment Report. This has been accompanied by all the usual hype of climate doom. However, when AR5 and other recent reports are examined in more detail, a very different picture emerges. There is now sufficient evidence to show quite clearly that the climate models have failed. The Earth's climate stopped warming 15 years ago and the model predictions did not. It is time for the ACS to address the real issue related to climate change – it is all a massive fraud.


Low Drop-Out(LDO) regulators are widely used in all kinds of power system.However,with different load current,the system′s pole will change prodigious,the system may presents instability when no compensation.This paper designs a new and unique dynamic Miller compensative circuit,system selects different host pole with different load current.This circuit implements frequency compensation without external ESR and widens bandwidth.The designed LDO has advantages of high speed and stabiligy,and has higher voltage regulation and load regulation of rates.


A free fatty acid contained in raw fats and oils is esterified by adding an alcohol to the raw fats and oils and bringing the mixture into contact with an acid gel-type cation exchange resin. According to this production process, the esterification efficiency of the free fatty acid can be improved as compared with the conventional process using an acid-type solid cation exchange resin. When the raw fats and oils contain metal ions, the metal ions can be removed by the acid gel-type cation exchange resin. Further, according to the production process of the present invention, even when the raw fats and oils contain useful components such as carotene and tocotrienol, a deterioration and disappearance thereof can be prevented.


Objective:To study the renal artery vaariations in the affected side of renal carcinoma with MDCTA and the influence on radical nephrectomy.Methods:MDCT enhanced scanning was performed in 109 patients diagnosed clinically as renal cell carcinoma.The variations of renal artery in affected side of renal carcinoma were observed and recorded on post-processing images,and correlative study with surgery was performed.Results:Variations of renal artery of the affected side was found in 13 patients(11.9%,13/109).There were 11(84.6%) cases with multiple renal arteries,three cases(23.1%) with early branching,including one case with mixed variation.The accessory renal inferior pole artery was the most common type of variation(71.4%),and the origin and course varied.The origin of right inferior pole arteries were(29.44±15.13)mm below the major renal arteries.Half of them were in front of the IVC and other half behind it.The origin of left inferior pole artery was(42.55±0.64)mm below the major renal artery.Conclusion:MDCTA can precisely show variations of renal artery in affected side of renal caarcinoma.The preoperative demonstration of such variations can be helpful to choose adequaate procedures for surgical operation.


Abstract Landfill requires a systematic monitoring of its impact on groundwater and surface waters. The paper presents the modeling of pollution migration for cases when leachate penetrates the aquifer layer. For this purpose, a conceptual hydrodynamic model of the aquifer was developed in the program Visual ModFlow Pro, which is a spatial two-layer model. Chloride ion was used as an indicator defining the rate of pollution migration. The results of calculations and modeling of pollution migration in soil-water conditions demonstrated that it is practically impossible for pollutants to penetrate the aquifer, since a sufficient protection is provided by artificial insulation and a layer of sandy clays. A potential pollution migration to groundwater can only occur after a rupture – damage to the insulation layer. In such a case, vertical infiltration will be taking place in the 4aeration zone for a relatively long period, while the migration of pollutants already in the saturation zone (hydrated) will be taking place at a relatively high speed.


We present a study of the transmission of electrons through a semiconductor quantum wire with strong spin-orbit coupling in proximity to an $s$-wave superconductor, which is Coulomb blockaded. Such a system supports Majorana zero modes in the presence of an external magnetic field. Without superconductivity, phase lapses are expected to occur in the transmission phase, and we find that they disappear when a topological superconducting phase is stabilized. We express tunneling through the nanowire with the help of effective matrix elements, which depend on both the fermion parity of the wire and the overlap with Bogoliubov--de Gennes wave functions. Using a modified scattering matrix formalism, that allows for including electron-electron interactions, we study the transmission phase in different regimes.


A new sandwich-nanostructured film photoanode with synergistic effect and a p–n junction based on NiOZnO nanowires (NWs)@α-Fe2O3 are synthesized for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The sandwich-nanostructured film photoanode is systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM. The PEC performances are characterized by the photocurrent densities versus potential curves, photocurrent densities versus time curves, and the incident photon to current efficiency curves. In addition, the sandwich-nanostructured NiOZnO NWs@α-Fe2O3 film photoanode shows significantly enhanced PEC performance compared with α-Fe2O3 and ZnO NWs@α-Fe2O3; this is mainly due to the synergistic effect and the construction of a p–n junction in NiOZnO NWs@α-Fe2O3. Furthermore, the photoanode exhibits optimal PEC performance when the reacting concentration of nickel nitrate hexahydrate is 2.0 M.


This paper argues that Hegel's idea of recognition takes into account a conception (of humans) which goes beyond the self. This is seen in contrast to the liberal tradition, which seems at best of mere utility and at worst negative and not comprehensive as well. The concept of self consciousness is used to point out so as to how recognition becomes a function to be achieved only through the other. Does it mean that there would be mutual recognition or would there be different kinds of recognitions (depending upon consciousnesses)?


Hemisection is an invasive procedure of conservative dentistry, dealing with the disengagement of a molar tooth at the furcation area leading to the simultaneous removal of diseased root and crown portion. The assured predictability and higher success rates make it one of the common procedures carried out in preservation of sound structure of a molar with healthy periodontium.


The question faced by many consultants and constructors as they plan for the future is: Should we specialize or diversify in order to survive, grow and prosper? This paper proposes that many firms have found that the process of strategic planning offers a satisfying answer to this question. The eight steps in that process are highlighted, along with several actual cases on either end of the question.


The determination of manganese(Ⅱ) by linear sweep voltammetry at pretreated glassy carbon (GC) electrode was investigated. The electrochemical oxidative process of Mn(Ⅱ) was catalyzed by MnO_2 deposited on the surface of the GC electrode. The sensitivity of the manganese determined by the voltammetry was greatly enhanced at active GC electrode. In 0.04 mol/L NH_3-NH_4Cl(pH 9.0)buffer solution, the anodic current was linearly proportional to the concentration of Mn(Ⅱ) in the range of 6.0×10~(-8)~1.0×10~(-5) mol/L. The detection limit was 4.0×10~(-8) mol/L. The relative standard deviation was 1.6% (n=9) at 3×10~(-7) mol/L level.


A new high power,short duration time XeCl laser is realized in order to prepare microstructure of quantum effect,depositing film,molecular beam epitaxy and analysis of output pulse profiles. It adopts the method of glow discharged,the calculation of dynamic equation,the analysis velocity reaction and density of XeCl laser,and UV preionization. In the addition,the parameters of the laser are also measured. The results are wavelength 308nm,the pulse duration time 18ns,the pulse energy 450mJ and the beam divergence angle 3mrad. It is shown that the proposed glow discharged is realized,the dynamic equation model of laser is correct,and the laser has high efficiency to produce the vapor plasma plume.It can be applied in the interaction between laser and material,material plasma study.


The study of the geochemistry for typical Meso Cenozoic volcanic rocks from northern Erlian basin shows that the main magmas are acidic to neutral. The relatively higher LREEs concentrations suggest that the volcanic rocks must be from surrounding continent block. The Jurassic volcanic rocks are belong to K alkaline and came from shallow crust with weak repartition of magma. However, Tertiary volcanic rocks are calc alkaline series. The upwelling of asthenosphere and extension of overlying lithosphere in Jurassic controlled the fault basins and volcanic actions in this area, which had high extension degree in Jurassic. The abnormal geothermal gradient due to the strong volcanic activities offered the favorable conditions for the hydrocarbon generation in the Erlian basin.


This study aims to report the employment relationship and cooperation on the management of public use between the Serra da Tiririca State Park – PESET and the Tourism Working Group on Protected Areas – GTTAP of Federal Fluminense University, and expose results obtained with this partnership, which occurred from 2009 to 2013. However, to achieve in proposed objective, a presentation was made of the two studied objects and we aimed to contextualize the research and extension in the scope of Brazilian Universities, the Tourism Course at UFF and the conservation units. It was used as a methodology qualitative research, with descriptive and exploratory method as well as technical literature, documentation and direct observation. Lastly, na assessment is made of the resulting activity of the treated collaboration, both from the perspective of the researcher, as the perspective of PESET management.


Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co.KG

 BIO|CONCEPT.BIOMONITOR III study group, BIO|MASTER.BIOMONITOR III study group, BIO|STREAM-ICM study group

 Implantable Cardiac Monitors (ICM) provide continuous long-term heart rhythm monitoring. The new ICM BIOMONITOR III / IIIm (BM III) is provided with a single-step insertion tool.

 To report on the insertion procedure of the BM III in a large real-world patient population.

 The BM III combines a low cross-section (4.5 x 8.5 mm) with an extended ICM length (77 mm, including flexible antenna). It is inserted into subcutaneous tissue with an 'injection' tool that forms the pocket and delivers the device in a single step. We report results of the insertion procedure from a pooled data set from the BIO|CONCEPT BM III (completed) and the BIO|MASTER BM III and BIO|STREAM-ICM (ongoing) studies.

 From 54 investigational sites in 11 countries, 455 insertions were reported (including 39 BM IIIm). The patients were 63 ± 16 years old, had a BMI of 27.6 ± 5.4, and 43% were women. The indications were syncope or pre-syncope (57%), cryptogenic stroke (23%), management of AF (11%) or other (9%). Insertions took 1.7 ± 1.8 minutes until removal of the insertion tool, 4.7 ± 3.4 minutes until wound closure, and 7.1 ± 5.6 minutes including wound cleaning. The wound was sutured (79%) or closed with staples (10%) or adhesive strips (10%). General anaesthesia was used in 8% of the patients and antibiotic prophylaxis in 50% (44% systemic and 6% local). Insertions took place in the catheter laboratory (62%), operating theatre (22%) or in a consultation room (16%) without specific precautional equipment.
 The insertion site was parallel to the heart"s long axis (56%), parasternal (39%), in the 2nd/3rd intercostal space (3.5%), axillary (0.9%) or at the clavicula (0.7%). The device was repositioned in one case (0.2%). 13 adverse events were reported in connection to the insertion procedure. 5 cases of device pocket bleeding or hematoma occurred. In 5 further cases, the device migrated, posing the risk of extrusion, or actually extruded. Three of these cases used only adhesive strips or no wound closure at all. In two cases, an incorrect usage of the incision tool and substantial subcutaneous fatty tissue may have contributed. One device was damaged by a 200 J defibrillation shock with a shock electrode placed over the device. One patient suffered from dyspnoea, possibly due to psychogenic hyperventilation. One patient had a vasovagal syncope due to pain after an insertion with insufficient local anaesthesia. No infections were reported until the day of analysis, which was more than 30 days after insertion in 92% of all cases.

 The new BM III was inserted in typically less than 5 minutes until wound closure. A relevant number of insertions took place in a consultation room. Prophylactic antibiotics may be unnecessary, because no pocket infections were reported, although no antibiotic prophylaxis was used in one half of all cases (N = 229). In summary, the insertion with the new tool is fast and has a low risk of complications.


Sperm whales ( Physeter macrocephalus ) pose a particular problem to shipboard surveys as they dive for extended periods and are therefore likely to be missed (not available) even if they are right under the track line. To address these problems the NAMMCO planning committee for the NASS 2001 survey drew up guidelines to be followed when sperm whales were sighted. This required every deep dive to be recorded and considered to be a cue, from which a cue-count estimate is calculated if the cue rate is known. For those whales that did not dive before coming abeam, a conventional line-transect estimate is calculated, which gives an instantaneous surface estimate from which a total estimate can be obtained if the proportion of the time spent at the surface is known. These estimates are compared and combined. Precise dive cycle information is missing for the mostly single all male sperm whales in this area but a preliminary estimate of 11,185 (cv 0.34) is obtained for the surveyed area with an assumed surface time of 20% and two deep dives per hour.


Objective To discuss the effect of B-ultrasound guided small needle knife in the treatment of syndrome in the posterior ramus of lumbar spinal nerve, and to analyze its effect on postoperative pain of patients.Methods A total of 118 patients with syndrome in the posterior ramus of lumbar spinal nerve in our hospital from Jan.2013 to Jun. 2014 were selected, which were randomly divided into B-ultrasound guided group and X-ray guided group,with 59 cases in each group. Patients in X-ray guided group were treated with small needle knife therapy under X-ray guidance, while those in B-ultrasound guided group were treated with small needle knife under B-ultrasound guidance.Pain assessment was performed in all the patients before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment based on Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The patients were followed up for a period of 90 d. The puncture success situation, VAS scores before and after treatment and curative effect were statistically analyzed. Results The total puncture success rate was significantly higher in B-ultrasound guided group than X-ray guided group(P0.05). 90 d after treatment, the total effective rate was significantly higher in B-ultrasound guided group than X-ray guided group(P0.05). Before treatment, VAS score showed no significant difference between two groups(P0.05), but the score after treatment in B-ultrasound guided group was significantly lower(P0.05). Conclusion B-ultrasound guided small needle knife therapy can effectively improve the success rate of puncture in syndrome in the posterior ramus of lumbar spinal nerve, relieve patients' pain symptoms after treatment, and help to improve the curative effect, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.


Ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) in conjunction with radioactive ionization sources has been employed for field-portable applications for the past two decades. Recently, electrospray ionization (ESI) sources have been shown as a viable ionization source with IMS in- struments, enablingthe analysis of many nonvolatile compounds. Introduction of a liquid-sheath-flow ESI source enabled the direct analysis of water samples. The ESI source was built with relatively simple lightweight components, makingit feasible for use in field applica- tions. A comparison between traditional ESI solvent con- ditions (water plus organic solvent) and the liquid- sheath-flow concept shows the new source to be able to spray water samples directly without prior sample prep- aration. The novel electrospray ionization source was evaluated with two nonfiltered water samples, one from a snow sample and the other obtained from a local stream. In both cases, 1 ppm of Terbutryn (a widely used herbicide) was easily detected. 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 91-96, 2001


The application of administrative law enforcement evidence in criminal proceedings is an important issue in constructing the mechanism of linking administrative law enforcement and criminal justice.Although certain regulations have been made in the second paragraph of Article 52 of the revised Criminal Procedure Law,different understandings of its meaning still exist.This paper attempts to analyze the understanding and application of Article 52 of the Criminal Procedure Law,and the specific way and problems should be paid attention to the application of administrative law enforcement evidence in criminal proceedings.


Six drying methods were compared and the effect on the rate and extent of dehydration and nutritive value of oats cut at three different growth periods were assessed in an alpine pastoral area.The results showed that the order of drying rate of six drying methods for oats at three growth stages was KH2PO4 spray with shade dryingsun drying with fracturingNaHCO3 spray with shade dryingCaCO3 spray with sun dryingsun dryingshade drying on a hayrack.Under the same hay drying method,the drying time of oats cut at either anthesis or postulation stage was longer than when oats were cut at the heading stage.There were significant influences and an interaction between drying methods and growth stage on ADF(except in postulation period),NDF,crude protein,coarse ash,crude fat(except in postulation period).The ADF and NDF of oats were the lowest under the treatments of KH2PO4 spray cut at the heading stage.The crude protein and crude fat of oats were the highest under the treatments of CaCO3 spray in heading and postulation stages.The coarse ash of oats was the highest under the treatment of NaHCO3 spray at the heading stage.When mowing of the oats was delayed,the content of ADF,NDF,and coarse ash increased,but the crude protein and crude ash decreased.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of oats drying methods and growth stage using the grey correlation analysis and entropy method,the optimal drying method was CaCO3 spray with sun drying when oats were cut at the heading stage,the next was KH2PO4 spray with shade drying of oats cut at the heading stage,these two methods can produce the high quality oats hay and are easily applied in field.


A new orthogonality relation for normed linear spaces is introduced by C. R. DIMINNIE in [10]. Some interesting properties of such orthogonality and its relationship with Birkhoff orthogonality are studied in the above paper.

The first part of this paper begins with a geometrical interpretation of Diminnie-orthogonality which allows us to obtain some other properties of such orthogonality. The second part deals with relationships between Diminnie orthogonality and some other known orthogonalities.


T HE METASTATIC phenotype is an extremely complex biologic phenomenon comprising multiple biologic features such as matrix-independent growth and survival, motility, invasion, aberrant adhesive behavior, induction of neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis resistance. Correlation of metastatic human cancer with the expression of certain blood group carbohydrates or corresponding cell surface lectins is well established for several major types of human malignancies, such as colon, breast, and prostate cancers. Similar data are beginning to emerge for many other types of human cancer. It is well documented that bloocl group carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface of metastatic cancer cells function as cell adhesion molecules. The homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell adhesion mediated by interactions of certain blood group carbohydrates with corresponding lectins is a critically important event at the extravasation step of the metastatic cascade when metastatic cancer cells escape from the circulation into distant sites of secondary tumor growth. These adhesive interactions are believed to be essential for matrixindependent survival of blood-borne cancer cells. We describe initial experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis that carbohydrate-lectin interactions trigger an intracellular signaling cascade culminating in alterations of transcriptional control of gene expression. Furthermore, modification of gene expression triggered by carbohydratelectin interactions is manifested in differential gene expression profiles that distinguish highly and poorly metastatic cancer cells and may be responsible for matrix-independent survival and apoptosis resistance of metastatic cancer cells. Thus, the