The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Self Concealment Scale (SCS) were assessed in this study.SCS and Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students (CSSMSS) were administrated to 513 middle school students.The results indicated that the Chinese version of SCS had good construct validity and good criterion validity as well as good reliabilities.It was showed that male students got significantly higher scores of SCS than female students and the middle school students got significantly higher scores of SCS than college students.


The experimental teaching conception and reform thought were discussed in order to establish the teaching demonstration center of materials science and technology courses.More attention should be paid to the importance of experimental teaching and teaching conception.Next is to establish and complete the managerial system.The two characteristics as research teaching institute and humanization management must be exhibited.


Ultra precise processed parts are required together with the development of optoelectronics industry. As important parts of optoelectronics industry, there are ferrule of optical connector and lens for optical devices. In particular, the lens requires high reliability with high precision without including flaws. These optical modules need ultra precise processing in order to reduce the loss of light sources and various nondestructive inspections are carried out in the finishing stage to separate good and bad quality products. Therefore, it was analyzed through the characteristics of response of amplitude and resonant frequency according to the mass variations of aspheric lens that is used currently in laser printers.


The novel tyrosine in seismic analogues, its related processes, an invention relating to pharmaceutical compositions and methods. The Chiroinjishin are useful in antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial and wide range of anti-inflammatory applications. As PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Preferred embodiments of the Chiroinjishin are compounds IT-3 (NSC-716802). The compounds of the invention exhibited potent antiviral and anticancer activities experimentally. The invention provides further tumors using Chiroinjishin including tyrosine in confidence analogues, bacteria, methods of treating viral and anti-inflammatory disorders. Also, this invention provides a novel synthesis of Chiroinjishin containing Chiro-in confidence analogues.


The past 80 years have ushered in dramatic changes in the way we understand and manage type 2 diabetes mellitus, and while many promising treatments have been introduced over that time, it is only very recently that these have included anything other than metformin, sulphonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin. The current increase in awareness of the disease and the corresponding wave of novel treatment options have resulted in a vast arsenal of available type 2 diabetes therapies. Among these are newly discovered incretinderived therapies, including dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors (incretin enhancers) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists (incretin mimetics). This proliferation of treatment options comes at a welcome time: the incidence of type 2 diabetes is greater than ever before despite concerted efforts in the areas of prevention and control. That the disease is not just one of insulin resistance and deficiency is becoming evermore apparent; inparticular, the contribution andconsequencesof obesity on the spectrum of disease symptoms have garnered considerable interest. Such discoveries continue to drive the quest for newandbetter therapies that promoteweight loss (notweight gain), do not rely on endogenous insulin secretion and minimize risk of hypoglycaemia. Recent attention has focused on incretin-derived agents, which act in someway throughGLP-1 or its receptor. Several such agents are currently on the market or in late-stage clinical development, including both GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. We are encouraged by the exciting potential of these agents to address the course of type 2diabetes disease progression – andpossibly even redefine its natural history – by addressing the 'core defect' of the disease: beta-cell decline. This special continuing medical education (CME) supplement to Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism gathers together the developmental and emerging science and key clinical data underlying the importance of incretinderived therapies for the first time in one place. Jens Holst, Michael Nauck and I are delighted to offer our perspectives on three important topics:


Double layers and ion-acoustic waves are investigated by using a one-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation code.Our results show that double layers can be formed even when the drift velocity between electrons and ions is less than the electron thermal velocity.Electron and ion density depressions were clearly seen.Electrons gradually developed a distribution comprising both background and beam components.In fact,as the initial electron-ion drift velocity was less than the electron thermal velocity,intense ion-acoustic waves could be found only at the places where the electron beam was located,suggesting that they are excited by the self-consistently developed electron beam.Besides the Langmuir waves and ion-acoustic waves,the beam mode excited by electron beams produced in our simulation has been clearly found.


Peck J. Cities beyond compare?, Regional Studies. Calls for more substantively multipolar, comparative and cosmopolitan modes of urban theory-making have been circulating for more than a decade now, and they have begun to spawn a range of alternative approaches to urban studies. But in practice, the challenge of more worldly, comparative theorization has been unevenly met, often more through difference-finding and deconstructive manoeuvres than through projects of urban-theoretical renewal and reconstruction. The provisional outcome has been interpreted as an impasse in urban theory; some are even reporting its death. While these reports are surely premature, there are risks as well as opportunities in the embrace of particularism and polycentrism in urban studies, especially if this impedes: first, the effective realization of comparative methodologies; second, the theoretical interrogation of pan-urban processes and patterns, relationally understood; and third, constructive dialogue across theoretical traditions, notably at the interface between political economy and postcolonialism.


With the development of EMMA by Duncumb [1], followed by EMMA-4 [2], and quantification of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra in the TEM, the field of analytical electron microscopy was born. The ability to perform conventional TEM and electron diffraction analyses was complemented by the incorporation of STEM detectors, secondary electron and backscattered electron detectors, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer to provide multi-modal microstructural and microchemical (Z>11) characterisation of materials. Numerous excellent texts accompanied the rapid developments in AEM, such as Williams [3]. For nearly 45 years, AEM techniques have been applied to a very broad range of metals, alloys, minerals and other materials (including biomaterials), and has been essential in the development and optimization of materials and devices.


The study of mean returns of American stocks showed a poor β coefficient of the Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) capital asset pricing model or the consumption coefficient of Breeden (1979); Reinganum (1981) and Breeden et al. (1989) international consumption-oriented capital asset pricing model. In the same line of thinking, capital asset pricing theory is efficient in explaining stocks mean returns. The empirically determined variables include size (ME: stock price multiplied by stocks number), leverage effect, equity divided by price (E⁄P) and the book-to-market ratio (ratio between stock book value and its market value). Banz (1981); Bhandari (1988); Basu (1983) and Rosenberg et al. (1985) have empirically determining these variables. Using the same method of Fama and French (1992a) we studied the joint roles of market β, size, E⁄P, leverage effect and book-to-market ratio in mean returns. They found that using alone or combined with other variables, β (the regression slope of stock return on market return) poorly explains mean returns. Combining size and market-to-book ratio, the two variables seem to absorb the apparent roles of leverage effect and the E⁄P ratio in explaining mean returns. The main result is that the two empirically determined variables (size and book-to-market) explain well mean returns on the ADI, DJI, TDI and DJU during the 2000-2010 period.


$^{13}\mathrm{C}$ NMR measurements on single crystals of (fluoranthenyl${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ at variable temperatures and for different orientations of the crystals with respect to the external field reveal strongly temperature-dependent Knight-shift anisotropies. Hyperfine-interaction tensors for the different carbon sites of the fluoranthene molecule were determined and are compared with molecular-orbital-type calculations. The temperature dependence of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility was determined through the metal-insulator transition. The spectra exhibit clearly a structural, as well as a metal-insulator, phase transition at and below 200 K. A detailed analysis of the temperature-dependent shift data leads to the determination of the temperature-dependent order parameter for both transitions.


At the core of the European project is the idea that through increased state cooperation and dependency, national divisions can be overcome and peace can be secured on the European continent. National and European elites often make reference to past devastations of the Second World War (WWII) in order to convey the added value of European cooperation among the public. Does WWII remembrance enhance public support for European cooperation? By presenting evidence from a set of novel survey experiments conducted in the six largest member states (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom) in July 2017, this contribution shows that reminding people of the devastations of WWII, increases support for their country's cooperation within the European Union (EU) today. Yet, only when it comes to providing assistance for other member states in dire economic need. Reminding people of the devastations of WWII does not make people more willing to extend the rights to EU migrants or contribute to the establishment of an European army. These findings are important as they suggest that WWII remembrance triggers a largely transactional response among the public, a willingness to provide financial support combined with an unwillingness to embrace intra-EU migration or security cooperation. This evidence suggests that securing public support for further deepening of free movement of people and European security cooperation through historical rhetoric might be difficult to achieve.


The cancer diseases are the second causing of human death after the cardiovascular diseases, and the many of anticancer chemotherapy causing side effect, which their killing cancer and normal cells. Now, many development and research to discovery of the bioactive compounds from Indonesian medicinal plants which have potential and selective anticancer activity. The objective of this research was evaluated activity of chloroform fraction of daun papaya (Carica papaya L) against anticancer and apoptosis induction activity against mieloma cells in vitro. These research has been carried out by the first step is fractionation activity with chloroform by extraction with step method and to identification compound by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and densitometry . The mileoma cells were incubated in RPMI media, Fetal Bovine Serum I 0%.The concentration of chloroform fraction. were made many concentrations 25 ; 50 ; 75 ;100 ;150 ; 250 gg/ml, with initially dissolved in DMSO, and their solution to addition into mieloma cells culture and then to incubated for 24 hours, at 37°C in CO2 incubator. Determination of anticancer activity are calculated by cell viability method with trypan blue exclusion. Determination of apoptosis induction activity are calculated by ethidium bromide and acridine orange exclusion and analysis by fluorescent microscope. The data analysed by analysis of variant and determination of ICsp by percent probit. The result of these research showed that chloroform fraction of daun papaya (Carica papaya L) have anticancer and apoptosis induction activity against mieloma cells culture in vitro. Researcher was suggested to planed future research of the isolation and identification of chloroform fraction of daun papaya (Carica papaya L) have anticancer and apoptosis induction activity .


For the case that the safe and reliable nature of GZ3-1's mould fixed hoist changing width falled and the insurance steel cable becomed short,and has analysed the problem existed in the organization,has put forward the corresponding transformation method.And has indicated transforming successfully by comparing the use circumstances of steel cable before and after the transforming.


Sophisticated techniques have been recently developed to achieve centimetric spatial resolution in distributed Brillouin fibre sensing, by-passing the slow response of this optoacoustic interaction by creating a localized stationary material vibration. More than 1'000'000 resolved points are demonstrated (1 cm resolution over 10 km).


Purpose: The objective of the present study is to identify important polymorphisms at single nucleotide in Holstein crossbred bull spermatozoa and to identify genetic variants significantly influence or associated to bull fertility. Methods: Spermatozoa from high- (HF) and low-fertile (LF) breeding bulls were subjected to high throughput Next-generation sequencing to identify important SNPs and novel variants associated with fertility.Results: A total of 77,036 genome wide SNPs were identified in the crossbred bull spermatozoa with a minimum read depth of 20, and among them, 10,269 were observed to be novel variants. A total of 42,290 and 34,748 variants were recorded in HF and LF bulls respectively, among which 6115 and 4673 were found to novel in respective group. Higher number of SNPs and Indels were identified in HF compared to LF bulls. GO analysis of filtered genes with significant variation in HF bulls indicated their enrichment in various important pathways like oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways. On the other hand, GO analysis of filtered genes with significant variation in LF bulls revealed their involvement in Ca2++ ion binding, structural constituent of ribosome, and biological processes like translation and ribosomal small subunit assembly. Conclusions: The study identified SNPs in candidate genes including TPT1, BOLA-DRA, CD74, RPS17, RPS28, RPS29, RPL14, RPL13 and RPS27A, which are linked to sperm functionality, survival, protection from oxidative stress and bull fertility. The identified SNPs could be used as a tool for identification and selection of bulls for high fertility upon validation in large number of bulls


This paper aims to develop an effective model-free inference procedure for high-dimensional data. We first reformulate the hypothesis testing problem via sufficient dimension reduction framework. With the aid of new reformulation, we propose a new test statistic and show that its asymptotic distribution is $\chi^2$ distribution whose degree of freedom does not depend on the unknown population distribution. We further conduct power analysis under local alternative hypotheses. In addition, we study how to control the false discovery rate of the proposed $\chi^2$ tests, which are correlated, to identify important predictors under a model-free framework. To this end, we propose a multiple testing procedure and establish its theoretical guarantees. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed tests and an empirical analysis of a real-world data set is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.


Electricity plays an important role in many activities supporting all kinds of developments. To supply adequately and efficiently the demand required can protect the electric power system blackout. Nowadays we see that companies or industries working on a large scale usually consumes enormous amount of electric power, which leads to high opertional costs and this has been recognized as a main challenge in terms of economy. The purpose of the short-term electricity demand prediction is to forecast in advance the system load. The basic idea of this project is to determine the load of a user and alert the user in order to reduce consumption of electricity through a web interface accordingly. An efficient electricity predicton model is needed to minimize the electricity bills. Here we are using web application through which we will interact with the user. Power demand forecasting is important for economically efficient operation and effective control of power systems and enables to plan the load of generating unit. A precise load forecasting is required to avoid high generation cost and the spinning reserve capacity. Under-prediction of the demands leads to an insufficient reserve capacity preparation and can threaten the system stability, on the other hand, over-prediction leads to an unnecessarily large reserve that leads to a high cost preparations. Multiple linear regressions are the earliest technique of load forecasting methods. Here, unit of electricity is the main target(dependent) variable that influence the load. The other influential variables are identified on the basis of correlation analysis with load. This study uses the linear static parameter estimation technique as they apply to the twenty four hour off- line forecasting problem.The results of the developed system is a convenient way of monitoring and forecasting electricty usage through the use of web application.


ABSTRACT A cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hybrid could be acceptable to growers of tropical and subtropical climates if it is a high yielder with good fruit quality, and has tolerance against downy mildew disease. Six phenotypically diverse parents were crossed in half-diallel mating design to determine the extent of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, mode of gene action, combining ability effects, and dominance effects for 15 quantitative characters to produce information that could lead to development of improved genotypes. The predictability ratio indicated response of non-additive gene action in controlling expression of most traits under study. Two genitors 'Debstar' and 'Pusa Barkha' could be potential donors in breeding. The crosses 'Debstar × Pusa Barkha' and 'Pusa Barkha × Samrat 7 Star' were identified as having promise based on average values, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis manifested, and relevance of specific combining ability effects, for possible commercialization in cucumber growing zones of tropical and subtropical climates after critical testing. Isolation of pure lines from the segregating generation of heterotic F1s is an alternative approach to improve fruit yield, fruit quality, and downy mildew disease tolerance. Partial- to overdominance response in inheritance of most traits contributes to the genetic basis of heterosis. A commercially useful downy mildew tolerant hybrid with involvement of a single genotype tolerant to this disease might be able to be developed.


Purpose. To determine major predictors of thermotherapy (TT) success in retinoblastoma (Rb) treatment using multivariate analysis. Material and methods. A retrospective study of 232 patients (295 eyes, 1623 tumors) that were treated by thermotherapy was performed. The median patients' age was 15±14,1 mo. (from 1 to 78 mo.). Tumor thickness varied from 0,3 to 4,5 mm (Me – 0,7±0,4 mm), tumor basal diameter – from 0,5 to 13,4 mm (Mе – 1,5±1,05 mm). Thermotherapy was conducted both by transpupillary and transscleral routes with the following parameters: wavelength – 810 nm, spot size – 1000–1200 microns, power – from 180 to 850 mW (Ме – 400±156 mW), power density – from 15 to 71 W/сm² (Ме – 33±12,5 W/сm²) in application and scanning modes. Results. Multivariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis showed that tumor thickness ≤0,8 mm (p<0,0001), tumor basal diameter ≤1,5 mm (p<0,0001), preequatorial and postequatorial localization (p<0,0001), dark and medium fundus pigmentation (p=0,0001) and number of treatment sessions ≤2 (p<0,0001) are associated with higher thermotherapy efficacy. ROC-analysis demonstrated that the highest rate of tumor control is associated with three and more predictors of thermotherapy success. Conclusion. Laser thermotherapy proved to be a highly effective method of Rb treatment with 92% rate of tumor control, meanwhile thermotherapy is most effective for tumors that have three or more predictors of thermotherapy success. This should be considered in application of thermotherapy and local modality choice. Key words: laser thermotherapy, retinoblastoma, predictors of efficacy, multivariate analysis, local treatment


Background
The Oxfordshire Home Visiting Study is one of the few UK-based randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of a professionally delivered, intensive home visiting programme beginning during the antenatal period, in improving parenting and child outcomes including the prevention of abuse and neglect.
Method
One hundred and thirty-one high-risk women registered with 40 GP practices across two counties were randomly allocated to receive intensive home visiting (n=68) or standard services (n=63). Women in the home visiting arm received weekly visits by specially trained health visitors beginning during the second trimester of pregnancy and continuing for a period of 18 months. All mothers and babies were followed up at 2-months, 6-months, and 12-months, and these results have been published elsewhere (McIntosh et al 2009; Barlow et al 2007; Kirkpatrick et al 2007; McIntosh and Barlow 2006; Barlow et al 2005; Brocklehurst et al 2004).
This report summarises the results of the 3-year follow-up of 131 women – Intervention group (n=51) and control group (n=46).
Results
Primary and secondary outcomes
The significant improvement in maternal sensitivity and infant co-operativeness that was identified at 12-month follow-up was not maintained at 3-years. The few significant differences between the intervention and control group for the remaining outcomes favoured the control group, although many non-significant findings favoured the intervention group.
Child abuse data
Non-significant trends were identified suggesting that children in the intervention group who suffered maltreatment were more likely to be identified, and more likely to suffer maltreatment for shorter periods of time. These differences may be clinically important, and may have reached statistical significance in a larger trial.
Economic Evaluation
The results suggest that intensive home visiting improved maternal sensitivity at 12-months and better enabled health visitors to identify infants in need of further protection at an incremental cost of £3,985 (95% bootstrapped CI for the cost difference: £192 - £5,297) per woman at 36 months. Looking at the 'health service only' costs, at 36-months the incremental cost was £4,232 (95% bootstrapped CI for the cost difference: £1,949 - £5,709). The extent to which these potential benefits are worth the costs, however, is a matter of judgment.
User perspectives
The majority of participants who were interviewed continued to view the home visiting service, in positive terms. Most were highly appreciative of the help and support they had received at the time, and reported significant ways in which they perceived the service to have been of help to them. Longer-term benefits included the close bond that they felt they had established with the study child, the introduction of parenting practices that helped them to address difficult behaviour, and a better ability to utilize other health services. However, only half of the women invited to take part in a 3-year follow-up interview accepted, and the views expressed in these interviews may not therefore be representative of the wider group of women who received the home visiting service.
Conclusion
This study did not identify any quantitative benefits from an eighteen-month intensive home visiting programme, and given the success of some other programmes of this nature, it seems likely that this may have been due to the
duration of the programme (many of the most effective programmes continue until the infant is 2-years of age), and the content of the visits (the lack of focus on specific child developmental outcomes), in conjunction with the fact that this study recruited a very high-risk group of women; just under a half of the sample were known to Child and Family Services by the time the child was three years of age.
However, data from in-depth interviews that were conducted with a range of stakeholders at both 12- and 36-months suggests that the partnership model of working that was provided to health visitors was effective in enabling the home visitors to gain the trust of a group of very vulnerable women, many of whom viewed all professionals very negatively, and that many of the participating women also felt that the service had had an ongoing impact in terms of their ability to parent, and their relationship with the study child.
Effective interventions for this very high-risk group of mothers and infants have yet to be identified, and will most probably involve the use of more intensive therapeutic interventions such as parent-infant psychotherapy (ref) or mentalisation-based parenting programmes (ref) or a multimodal approach that combines a number of these strategies. In the absence of effective interventions, early identification of infants in need of removal from the home remains the optimal strategy, and the data from this study suggest that home visited children were much more likely to be identified as abused, and more likely to suffer maltreatment for shorter periods of time. These findings may be particularly significant given what we now know about the impact of abuse during the first few years of life. While the findings of the economic analysis suggest that the costs of an intensive intervention of this nature are always likely to be significantly more, society must ultimately decide whether such additional costs are worthwhile.


The knowledge of the traditional practices is being highlighted for resolving many issues in the present day context related with the survival of human settlements. There exist very few records and testimonies of urban planning practices in India and the ones, which are available, need to be properly understood. This article is an attempt to appraise one such master treaty, the Arthashastra, and bring forth some of its salient features pertaining to urban planning policies in ancient times in India.


This paper presents an intelligent vehicle based on ATmega128L MCU.This system can set the route in advance.The vehicle can communicate with the PC via nRE401 and can run safely with the help of the ultra sound detection and infrared measured circuit.A neural network learning system is introduced to improve the intelligence of the vehicle.


The article proposes methods of name service development for decentilized networks, particulary VANET. Proposed solutions are compatible with international standard network protocols, such as DNA and SMTP. Technical solutions are researched with usage of domestic and foreign experience.


Several existing and emerging applications of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) relate directly to spacecraft Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, and Docking (RPOD) and Formation / Cluster Flight (FCF). Observation correlation of nearby objects, control authority estimation, sensor-track re-acquisition, formation re-conguration feasibility, 'stuck' thrusters, and worst-case passive safety analysis are some areas where analytical reachability methods have potential utility. Existing reachability theory is applied to RPOD and FCF regimes. An optimal control policy is developed to maximize the reachability set and optimal control law discontinuities (switching) are examined. Necessary conditions for maximum position reachability are developed, allowing for a reduction in reachable set computation dimensionality. The nonlinear relative equations of Keplerian motion are introduced and used for all reachable position set determinations. The linearized ClohessyWiltshire equations of motion are normalized to accentuate relative control authority for spacecraft propulsion systems at both Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Several examples with traditional and low thrust propulsion systems in LEO and GEO are explored to illustrate the eects of relative control authority on the timevarying reachability set surface using the nonlinear equations of motion. Both monopropellant spacecraft at LEO and Hall thruster spacecraft at GEO are shown to be strongly actuated while Hall thruster spacecraft at LEO are found to be weakly actuated. Weaknesses with the current implementation are discussed and future numerical improvements and analytical eorts are discussed.


We study an intelligent magnetotelluric (MT) data inversion with the constraint of seismic texture. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based image style operator is constructed based on a pre-trained VGG19 network, serving as a measurement tool for assessing the texture of the seismic section and the resistivity model. By simultaneously reconstructing a base model and a fine model, the final reconstruction is able to reflect both the macroscopic geo-electric structure and the fine subsurface geological texture. The optimization is performed using Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) with the gradient calculated with the automatic differentiation (AD) method. Synthetic experiments demonstrate that the proposed method elevates inversion accuracy and yields a high-resolution resistivity model that bears the patterns of the seismic section.


A new relationship is proposed for the conduction exponents: t+s=dv. This relationship is compared with the previously proposed relationships of Skaland Shklovskii (1974), De Gennes (1976), and Stephen (1978).


Massive virtual collaborations (MVC) involve large numbers of mostly unpaid contributors collectively creating new content. Wikipedia is the most dramatic example of MVC; smaller-scale examples include contributors to blogs and discussion groups and teams of programmers and users developing free/libre open source software (FLOSS). In this paper, we propose a model of motivations for contribution to MVC that integrates various theoretical perspectives. The model extends prior work by distinguishing three different levels of contribution to projects (initial, sustained and meta) and by capturing the dynamic and recursive effects of contributions on emergent individual and project states.


In 1999, the American College of Physicians (ACP), then the American College of PhysiciansAmerican Society of Internal Medicine, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) developed joint guidelines on the management of patients with chronic stable angina (1). The ACC/AHA published an updated guideline in 2002 (2), which ACP recognized as a scientifically valid, high-quality review of the evidence and background paper. This ACP guideline summarizes the recommendations of the 2002 ACC/AHA updated guideline and underscores the recommendations most likely to be important to physicians seeing patients in the primary care setting. For more in-depth analysis and details, readers should refer to the full-text guideline at www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stable/stable.pdf. This guideline is the second ACP guideline on the management of patients with chronic stable angina. The first ACP guideline covered diagnosis and risk stratification (3). For guidance on revascularization, readers should refer to the 2002 ACC/AHA guidelines on chronic stable angina (2) and unstable angina (4). This document covers treatment and follow-up for symptomatic patients who have not had an acute myocardial infarction (MI) or revascularization procedure in the previous 6 months. Sections also address asymptomatic patients with known or suspected coronary disease based on electrocardiographic evidence of previous MI, coronary angiography, or abnormal results on noninvasive tests. This in no way constitutes an endorsement of noninvasive testing in asymptomatic patients for the purposes of screening but rather acknowledges the clinical reality that patients often present after having undergone such an evaluation. Although this guideline covers pharmacologic therapy, physicians should always recommend lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation, appropriate diet, and exercise, to patients. The target audience for this guideline is all clinicians who manage patients with chronic stable angina. The target patient population is patients without known coronary disease whose symptoms suggest chronic stable angina, patients who present with known chronic stable angina, and asymptomatic patients with evidence suggesting coronary disease on previous testing. This guideline does not apply to patients with unstable angina because they have a high to moderate short-term risk for an acute coronary event. Methods The ACP has traditionally developed evidence-based guidelines. The ACP bases guideline recommendations on the results of systematic reviews of high-quality evidence (several well-designed randomized, controlled trials) and meta-analyses where appropriate. Without good evidence from randomized trials, the ACP will not make recommendations but will underscore practices that are not supported by evidence. Since this document is based on the ACC/AHA guidelines, the College has maintained the levels of evidence as designated by the ACC/AHA in the recommendation statements: A level A recommendation is based on evidence from several randomized clinical trials with large numbers of patients; a level B recommendation is based on evidence from a limited number of randomized trials with small numbers of patients, careful analyses of nonrandomized studies, or observational registries; and a level C recommendation is based on expert consensus. Pharmacologic Therapy Overview of Treatment The treatment of stable angina has 2 major purposes. The first is to prevent MI and death and thereby increase the length of life. The second is to reduce symptoms of angina and occurrence of ischemia, which should improve quality of life. Therapy directed toward preventing death has the highest priority. When 2 different therapeutic strategies are equally effective in alleviating symptoms of angina, the therapy with an advantage in preventing death should be recommended. Patient education, cost-effectiveness, and patient preferences are important components in this decision-making process. This section on pharmacologic therapy considers treatments to prevent MI and death first, then antianginal and anti-ischemic therapy to alleviate symptoms, reduce ischemia, and improve quality of life. Antiplatelet Medications Aspirin (75 to 325 mg daily) should be used routinely in all patients with acute and chronic ischemic heart disease with or without manifest symptoms and without contraindications. A meta-analysis of more than 200 trials showed that the reduction in vascular events was similar for dosages of 75 to 150 mg daily and 160 to 325 mg daily; however, daily doses less than 75 mg had less benefit (5-9). In a randomized trial that compared clopidogrel with aspirin in patients with previous MI, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral vascular disease (that is, those at risk for ischemic events), clopidogrel appeared to be slightly more effective than aspirin in decreasing the combined risk for MI, vascular death, or ischemic stroke (10). However, no further studies have confirmed the efficacy of clopidogrel in patients with stable angina; thus, clopidogrel is best reserved for patients who cannot take aspirin. Dipyridamole exerts vasodilatory effects on coronary resistance vessels and also has antithrombotic effects. However, the usual oral doses of dipyridamole can enhance exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina (11). Therefore it should not be used as an antiplatelet agent. -Blockers -Blockers also reduce cardiac events when used as secondary prevention in postinfarction patients and reduce mortality and morbidity among patients with hypertension. On the basis of their potentially beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality, -blockers should be strongly considered as initial therapy for chronic stable angina. They seem to be underused (12). Diabetes mellitus is not a contraindication to their use, and diabetic patients seem to benefit as much as or more than patients without diabetes. Lipid-Lowering Agents Many recent clinical trials, notably the Heart Protection Study (HPS) (13) and the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study (14), have documented that low-density lipoprotein cholesterollowering agents can decrease the risk for adverse ischemic events in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) (13-16). These clinical trials indicate that in patients with established CAD, including chronic stable angina, lipid-lowering therapy with a statin should be recommended even in the presence of mild to moderate elevations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Recently, several trials have proven that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke in patients who were at risk for or who had vascular disease (without heart failure). In the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study (17), the ACE inhibitor ramipril (10 mg/d) reduced cardiovascular death, MI, and stroke in patients who were at high risk for or who had vascular disease without heart failure. Furthermore, only a small part of the benefit could be attributed to a reduction in blood pressure (decrease of 2 to 3 mm Hg). The European trial on reduction of cardiac events with perindopril in stable CAD (called the EUROPA study [18]) enrolled a group of patients similar to the HOPE participants but also included those with positive stress test results. Patients with heart failure and diabetes were excluded. This study showed that an ACE inhibitor can have a vasculoprotective effect in patients at lower risk than those enrolled in the HOPE study. Whether this is a class effect is a subject of continuing controversy but can be argued on the basis of additional positive studies with enalapril (19, 20) and captopril (21). Moreover, using ACE inhibitors for secondary prevention in patients with diabetes and CAD seems to be particularly beneficial. Currently, evidence for the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic stable angina is insufficient. Nitrates and Calcium-Channel Blockers Nitrates have not been shown to reduce mortality in patients with previous MI or in patients with CAD. Immediate-release or short-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists increase adverse cardiac events. However, long-acting or slow-release dihydropyridines, or nondihydropyridines, may relieve symptoms in patients with chronic stable angina without increasing the risk for adverse cardiac events. No conclusive evidence indicates that either long-acting nitrates or calcium antagonists are superior for long-term treatment to relieve the symptoms of angina. The ACC/AHA writing committee believes that long-acting calcium antagonists are often preferable to long-acting nitrates for maintenance therapy because of their sustained 24-hour effects. However, the presence of other conditions, such as hypertension, and the patient's and treating physician's preferences should always be considered. Calcium antagonists (long-acting) and long-acting nitrates may be substituted for -blockers if -blockers lead to unacceptable side effects. -Blockers and long-acting calcium-channel blockers, unless contraindicated, are also options for use during nitrate-free intervals in patients' therapy. Recommendations for Pharmacotherapy To Prevent MI and Death and To Reduce Symptoms Recommendation 1: The following agents should be used in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina to prevent MI or death and to reduce symptoms: Aspirin (level of evidence: A) or clopidogrel when aspirin is absolutely contraindicated (level of evidence: B) -Blockers in patients with previous MI (level of evidence: A) or without previous MI (level of evidence: B) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterollowering therapy with a statin (level of evidence: A) ACE inhibitor (level of evidence: A) The following agents should be used in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina to reduce symptoms only: Sublingual nitr


SEVERAL years ago a discussion was carried on in one of the London newspapers on that interminable but always interesting question as to what is the best definition of a gentleman. Various answers were suggested by different contributors. Some were in the form of citations from our noblest literature-one, as I recall, was given in the words of St. Paul, another was taken from Shakespeare, a third from Emerson. The one generally acknowledged to be the most effective was, however, phrased in the picturesque vernacular of modern sport. A gentleman, so this answer ran, is a man who plays the game. As this lingers in the memory it brings a growing sense of broader implications. The definition, evidently, only gives a new turn to the old thought that human life is like a great game that man plays with the world. We recall the striking words in which an illustrious master of modern science once brought this thought to bear upon the problem of education:


Emery Kristine L. Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is an assessment tool that gives information on how a child is performing academically (i.e., reading, math, spelling, and writing). CBM can also be useful in helping teachers evaluate their programs and determine students' eligibility for special education services. This study examined the predictive validity of CBM in predicting future success on Minnesota's state assessment system, the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments. Results indicate moderately strong correlations between students' words read correct per minute (WRCM) and their reading levels as assessed by a statewide assessment. Results suggest educators may use WRCM as a means of identifying those students who are at risk for reading failure. As such, using WRCM cut scores will assist educators to be proactive in their teaching methods as opposed to waiting until it is too late.


The construction, physical characteristics, software and some clinical applications of a computerized dual cadmium telluride (CdTe) detectors system for continuous cardiac monitoring are described. The detectors and collimators are small, light and convenient for attachment to the chest wall. Data can be collected at 0.05 s intervals and for up to 3 h. Clinical studies in 33 patients using a prototype system demonstrated reasonably good correlation with left ventricular ejection fractions determined by a scintillation camera–computer system (r = 0.928). The application of this system to continuous monitoring of left ventricular function during exercise or drug stimulations has been found to be clinically useful.


This study was conducted to compare the production performance and stress response of chickens kept in the conventional cages and floor pens. 491 female White Leghorns were used in this study, and their production characteristics and stress response indicators were analyzed from 34 to 43 weeks of age. The results showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate, hen-day egg production, and body weight between the chickens kept in the conventional cages and those kept in the floor pens. The chickens kept in the conventional cages had a significantly higher egg weight and egg quality compared with those kept in the floor pens (P<0.01). The amount of telomeric DNA in lymphocytes was significantly higher in the chickens kept in floor pens than in those kept in conventional cages (P<0.05). The heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, HSP-90β gene expression level, and DNA damage rate significantly increased in chickens kept in the conventional cages, as compared to the chickens kept in floor pens (P<0.01). In conclusion, there seems to be no difference in the production performance between chickens kept in conventional cages and those kept in floor pens. Furthermore, chickens kept in conventional cages had higher stress response values than those kept in floor pens for all stress response indicators. Therefore, conventional cage types are considered to be a more stressful environment for chickens than floor pens, regardless of the production performance of the chickens. (


A novel, hybrid solution employing a combination of a load-commutated inverter and a voltage-source inverter is proposed for the induction motor drives. By avoiding the use of output capacitors and a forced DC-commutation circuit, this solution can eliminate all disadvantages related with these circuits in the conventional load commutated inverter based induction motor drives. In addition, improved quality of output current waveforms and faster dynamic response can be achieved. The proposed hybrid scheme features the following tasks: (1) the safe commutation angle for the load commutated inverter, controlled by the voltage source inverter in all speed region of the induction motor and (2) a DC-link current control loop to ensure minimum voltage source inverter rating. Advantages of the proposed solution over the conventional load commutated inverter based induction motor include the followings: (1) sinusoidal motor phase current and voltage based on the instantaneous motor speed control; (2) fast dynamic response by the voltage source inverter operation; (3) elimination of motor circuit resonance and motor torque pulsation. The feasibility of the proposed hybrid circuit for the high power drive system is verified by computer simulation for a 500 hp induction motor. Experimental results are also under way in our laboratory to show the validity of the proposed technique.


This study examines the concentration of active mutual fund managers' research efforts toward information-intense stocks and the degree to which they are successful in such efforts. Using the contribution of jumps to stock return variance as a proxy for information intensity, we find that both skilled and unskilled fund managers are attracted to high information-intensity stocks. Moreover, performance persistence is only observed among funds investing in high information-intensity stocks. We show that our results are robust to controlling for characteristics of fund stock holdings and measures of fund activeness. Finally, we find a higher flow sensitivity to past performance of funds with higher information intensity. These findings suggest that investing in high information-intensity stocks is an important strategy by fund managers and has significant impact on investor fund selection decisions.


Ninety-two learning-disabled children, aged 5-13, participated in an evaluation of the efficacy of a television-based social problem-solving curriculum. The 52 children in the curriculum group viewed 10 episodes from the "Inside/Out" series and participated in teacher-led discussions. The episodes dealt with expressing feelings, making new friends, practical jokes, embarrassment, emotional abuse at home, responsibility at home, peer acceptance, coping with bullies, positive thinking, etc. The Teacher Blaming and Peer Inclusion subtests of the Social Problem Analysis Situation Measure were administered as pre-posttests. Other data were gathered through peer ratings, teacher ratings, and observation of problem-solving ability during an arts and crafts activity. The "Inside/Out" curriculum was not found to be an effective means of changing learning-disabled children's social problem-solving knowledge, peer relations, or behavior. The curriculum-group children were not rated as more popular or less aggressive than control-group children. Several suggestions for improving the curriculum are offered. (Author/JDD) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. *


We conducted a 28-day feeding study on 80 weaning pigs [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] to determine the effects of dietary inclusion with brewer's grain meal (BGM) and multienzymes on their growth, intestinal health, and antioxidative status. Piglets were grouped by sex and initial BW and assigned to 20 pens with four pigs each. Treatments were a corn–soybean meal-based diet with either 0.1% multienzyme addition (PC) or without (NC), and two BGM compositions fortified with 0.1% multienzyme: 10% (BGM10) and 20% (BGM20). The overall body weight, average daily weight gain, and weight gain:feed ratio were significantly greater in pigs fed BGM20 than those fed the NC diet (p < 0.05). Moreover, the BGM diets significantly increased the digestibility of total ash and ether extract, glucose, total protein, immunoglobulin A, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, heart and small intestine weights, villus height: crypt depth ratio (VH/CD), and Lactobacillus spp. count compared with the NC diet (p < 0.05). The diarrheal rate, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, duodenal crypt depth, and Salmonella spp. count were reduced in pigs fed the BGM-supplemented diet than those fed the NC diet (p < 0.05). The diarrheal rate (p = 0.010), ether extract digestibility (p = 0.044), total protein (p = 0.044), and duodenal villus height and VH/CD (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) decreased quadratically with the increase in BGM supplementation. Overall, diets containing up to 20% BGM with multienzyme addition improved the nutrient utilization and intestinal health in weaning pigs by suppressing pathogenic bacterial growth without compromising the overall growth of the pigs.


Some of the many quotations are given specific reference in footnotes; others are represented in general reference lists for each section. To compare two more recent volumes, Surgery, an Illustrated History, by Ira M. Rutkow (Mosby, 1993, Pp. 550), mentions numerous lesser contributors, often with summary information in three or four sentences. Coverage of Galen, that supreme authority for over 14 centuries, is represented by less than one page of quotation, which does not include the selection given above. This book is abundantly illustrated. Owen and Sarah Wangensteen, in The Rise of Surgery (Minnesota, 1978, Pp. 785), arrange their discussion under surgical topics, mentioning Galen briefly in 1 0 separate references. Annotation is remarkably thorough. Featured in explicit examples throughout this book is the view that: "A look back into the causes potentiating as well as those retarding advances in a discipline can be instructive and sobering." Both of these books refer to that of Zimmerman and Veith. In Great Ideas the authors' policy of intelligent selection with fairly full interpretation and quotation provides a satisfying and readable history.


Adolescencea transitional phase between childhood and adulthoodoffers a plethora of experiences, emotions and feelings to the individuals to orient their personality throughout their life trajectory. However, among all the stages of life, except childhood, adolescence is the most noticeable phase due to rapid and potentially tumultuous transition (Williams, Holmbeck, & Greenly, 2002). Many researchers argue that these rapid and multiple changes bring heightened possibilities of outcomes, both in terms of positive and negative (Ketterlinus & Lamb, 1994; Pipher, 1994). Much emphasis is focused on the problematic outcomes of adolescents, whereas considerably less attention has been given to the positive changes that might occur during this phase. This study is an attempt to assess two major aspects of positive health of adolescentsforgiveness and happinesswhere 'forgiveness' is considered as a process and *happiness' as a product.Forgivenessa prosocial behavior essential for long-term psychological healthplays an important role during adolescence and is considered as an emotion-focused coping process that can promote health (Worthington, 2006; Worthington & Scherer 2004). As a prosocial act, it contributes to positive emotions (Fredrickson, 1998). Forgiveness is a moral response; so it involves more than simply ceasing to be angry or accepting what happens. It is often used as synonym to 'condoning'. When a person condones certain behavior, he realizes that the offender may have had an excuse for his actions. Conversely, when a person forgives, he clearly labels the offender's behavior as morally wrong, but accepts the person as having inherent worth despite the offense.In general, psychosocial or behavioral factors exert their influence on health or illness in various ways (Rowe, 2001). Several studies examining physiological reactivity during imagined or recalled offenses found links to forgiveness. Lawler et al. (2003) found that recalled experiences of betrayal that were less forgiven were associated with greater cardiovascular reactivity. The state of forgiveness was also associated with self-reports of illness, hostility, and stress. On the basis of past evidence, consistently it appears that the state and trait of forgiveness are generally associated with better mental and physical health. Given these associations, researches have proposed theoretical models that could explain the relationships between forgiveness and health (Thoresen, Harris, & Luskin, 2000; McCullough, 2000). With the help of premise that forgiveness reduces hostility, Thoresen et al. (2000) enumerated six potential pathways linking forgiveness and health(l) a decrease in chronic blaming, anger, and hostility; (2) reductions in chronic hyperarousal and/or allostatic load; (3) optimistic thinking; (4) self-efficacy to take health-related actions; (5) social support; and (6) transcendent consciousness. Along with forgiveness, happinessa biproduct of multifarious factorsplays a significant role in maintaining and sustaining individual's healthphysical, psychological, social, and spiritual.Happinessa composite of life satisfaction (Diener, Lucas, & Scollon, 2006), coping resources (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005), and positive emotions (Fredrickson, 1998)predicts desirable life outcomes in physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains in every phase of the Ufe span. Happiness is understood in terms of two perspectiveshedonic and eudaimonic. Between hedonic and eudaimonic happiness (Ryan & Deci, 2001), hedonic happiness is the relatively shorter-term evaluation of present day happiness as a balance within positive and negative affect, pleasure attainment and pain avoidance. Eudaimonic happiness is the longerterm psychological well-being resulting from the engagement with individual development and the existential challenges within life, meaning and self-reflection (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002; Ryan & Deci, 2001). …


The Raman spectrum of the organic superconductor ?-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(SCN)2 has been measured under hydrostatic pressures up to 1.5?GPa at room temperature. Linear variation of all the observed modes with pressure confirms the absence of a structural phase transition in this pressure range. The Raman spectra reveal three low-frequency features that rapidly stiffen with pressure, dln ?/d P = 5-17%?GPa-1; comparison with x-ray data indicates assignment to lattice modes. By contrast, most Raman-active intramolecular vibrations stiffen by only 0.1-1%?GPa-1. Contrary to expectations from a previous high-pressure x-ray study, we do not observe a pressure induced splitting of the 3Ag mode.


Compiling from a more traditional programming language into JavaScript to yield browser-capable applications has many advantages, such as re-using code and developer experience on multiple platforms. Our open-source project "Furtwangen University Simulation and Entertainment Engine" proves that cross-platform real-time 3D development in C# is possible with one target platform being JavaScript. However, special demands must be met to achieve the same level of performance without having to use additional browser plugins. This paper describes FUSEE and its core functionality and our approaches to compensate for any disadvantages in a cross-compiler scenario using C# as the source language and JavaScript as the target language.


This paper presents new geochemical,LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating and LA-MC-ICPMS zircon Hf isotopic results for a biotite plagioclase gneiss from the Taihua Group at the South of Huashan pluton,Shaanxi Province.Geochemical results indicate that the protolith is intermediate-acidic calc-alkaline granitic rock,with low REE content(∑REE=83.13×10-6) and high Pb and LILE element contents(e.g.Rb,Ba).The 176Hf/177Hf ratio of zircons from this sample varies from 0.281258 to 0.281404 with obviously negative eHf(t) values(-6.86~-11.23).The Hf model ages vary from 2.96 to 3.24Ga,indicating that the original magma of the protolith derived from Mesoarchean crust.Comparisons show that the biotite plagioclase gneiss of Xiaoqinling area has similar source of Mesoarchean crust with the Taihua Group in Lushan area,but the timing of formation may be different.Structure of zircons,the Th/U ratio and age indicate that the Taihua Group in the Xiaoqinling area experienced an important thermal event at ~1.91Ga,which has relationship with the global collision event during convergence of Columbia Supercontinent.The Taihua Group of Xiaoqinling area is part of the southern margin of North China craton,but the Taihua Group in different area has distinction in composition,timing of formation and metamorphic age.Therefore,the Taihua Group is the complex and may be at least separated into two units with Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic ages,respectively.


Hypothesis / aims of study A positive relationship between gestational diabetes and urinary incontinence was established by our group. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and quantification of the key structural extracellular matrix components, including total collagen, collagen I and III, collagen I/III ratio and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, in urethra of severe STZ-induced diabetic pregnant rats


We created a new method to automatically generate levels for a commercial-grade tower defense gameKingdom Rush:Frontiers (KRF) by means of Procedural Content Generation(PCG). Our research focuses on path generation and monster sequence generation. Firstly, we designed a mathematical representation of the game's path using geometric rules, and then we used search algorithms to develop an algorithm, which can generate new paths that are similar to the paths in original games. We implemented monster sequence generation with genetic algorithm in which we designed a representation of genes that reused some human-designed elements. In addition, we also designed a fitness function to make sure the generated level has moderate difficulty and playability. Finally, we automatically generated new levels for KRF with the combine of path generation and monster sequence generation. We used a turing test to show that our PCG levels are hard to be distinguished from the original levels.


In this paper, an FG-CPW (Finite-Ground Coplanar Waveguide) balanced diode mixer is presented. Frequency bandwidth is selected for a C-band, which is 5.72/spl sim/5.82 GHz for RF, 5.58/spl sim/5.68 GHz for LO, and 140 MHz for IF signals. A rat-race hybrid is designed for the accomplishment of single balanced type mixers. A low pass filter (LPF) with CPW structure is used for good conversion loss and unwanted harmonics suppression. When an LO signal with the power of 4 dBm at 5.635 GHz is injected, a conversion loss of 6.2 dB is obtained for the mixer. Also, LO to RF and LO to IF isolation of 30 dB and 40 dB are obtained, respectively. This mixer can be used in wireless LAN applications.


The author observed a strong seismic reflection, with attenuation below the event, at a depth of 3000 feet on the crest of a low relief structure in Main Pass area, offshore Louisiana during 1967. The most likely interpretation was a calcareous zone, a 'hard' reflection, caused the strong reflection. Later, two exploration wells penetrated the shallow reflection and found a 25-foot gas pay with very low sonic log velocity, a 'soft' reflection.


Protein folding is analyzed using a replica variational formalism to investigate some free energy landscape characteristics relevant for dynamics. A random contact interaction model that satisfies the minimum frustration principle is used to describe the coil-globule transition (characterized by ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{CG}}$), glass transitions (by ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$), and folding transition (by ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{F}}$). Trapping on the free energy landscape is characterized by two characteristic temperatures, one dynamic (${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$) and the other static [${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$ (${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$g${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$)], which are similar to those found in mean field theories of the Potts glass. (i) Above ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$, the free energy landscape is monotonous and the polymer is melted both dynamically and statically. (ii) Between ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$, the melted phase is still dominant thermodynamically, but frozen metastable states, exponentially large in number, appear. (iii) A few lowest minima become thermodynamically dominant below ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$, where the polymer is totally frozen. In the temperature range between ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$, barriers between metastable states are shown to grow with decreasing temperature, suggesting super-Arrhenius behavior in a sufficiently large system. Due to evolutionary constraints on fast folding, the folding temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ is expected to be higher than ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{K}}$, but may or may not be higher than ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{A}}$. Diverse scenarios of the folding kinetics are discussed based on phase diagrams that take into account the dynamical transition, as well as the static ones.


This paper describes the development of a reliable multi-sensor data fusion system for monitoring patient vital-signs in the home. Initial investigatory work has taken place using ambulatory hospital patients, in the Oxford Cancer Hospital. Our monitoring approach is based on a probabilistic model of normality learned from a data-set of vital signs acquired from a representative group of high-risk patients. Alerts are provided to carers whenever patient vital signs are deemed "abnormal" with respect to the model of normality. We show examples of how this approach correctly detects physiological deterioration in the target patient group, and describe future work in further validation of the technology in home monitoring applications. (6 pages)


The flow and heat transfer characteristics of mist/air cooling in the rotating ribbed two-pass rectangular channel are numerically investigated using the CFD software ANSYS-CFX. In this article, a comparison in heat transfer performance between the mist/air cooling and the air-only cooling is performed. Additionally, the effect of the initial mist diameter, temperature, velocity and the channel rotation speed on the mist/air cooling performance is analysed. The results show that the droplet flow distance and Nusselt number of the mist/air cooling increase as the initial mist temperature decreases. In addition, as the initial mist diameter decreases, the diameter of mist on the whole channel decreases, resulting in the higher heat transfer, whilst the mist concentration also decreases, leading to the lower heat transfer. Therefore, there is an optimal initial mist diameter which makes the heat transfer performance best. Nevertheless, the droplet movement and heat transfer performance of mist/air cooling are nearly insensitive to the initial mist velocity. It is also noted that the Coriolis force increases with the channel rotation speed, causing the flow deflection becomes more obvious. Consequently, as the channel rotation speed increases, in the first passage the averaged Nusselt number on the trailing wall increases, and that on the leading wall decreases, while the trend in the second passage is reversed.


The ultrasonic-aided extraction of blueberry pigments was optimized by single-factor and central composite design methods. Besides,the stability of blueberry pigments under different environmental conditions was also measured. The optimal conditions for the extraction of blueberry pigments were found to be:extraction solvent,45% alcohol; ultrasonic power,450 W; material/liquid ratio,1:13,extraction temperature,55 ℃,extraction duration,50 min; and pH 4.5. The extraction rate of blueberry pigments was 3.26% under these optimal conditions. Blueberry pigments were thermostable. The stability of blueberry pigments was good in the respective presence of K+,Na+ and Mg2+ and potassium sorbate,while Zn2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Ca2+ and alkaline condition could damage their stability.


Sucide gene therapy of carcinoma is a promising strategy in the clinic. We reviewes the advances of mechanism, system, vector construction, bystander effect and combining gene therapy on sucide gene therapy of carcinoma.


The relationship between organizations and environments has drawn increasing attention in the recent literature of the sociology of organizations. We consider the subject of interorganizational relations to be a special case of the more general study of organizations and their environments. Dimensions of interorganizational rela tions have been listed (Marrett 1971), and partially developed paradigms for analyz ing organization-environment relations have been proposed. The natural selection model, developing the strongest argument for an environmental perspective, posits that environmental factors select those organizational characteristics that best fit the environment (Hannan & Freeman 1974, Aldrich' 1971b). A complementary model, variously called a political economy model (Benson 1975, Wamsley & Zald 1973), a dependence exchange approach (Jacobs 1974, Hasenfeld 1972), and a resource dependence model (Pfeffer 1972b), argues for greater attention to internal organiza tional political decision-making processes and also for the perspective that organiza tions seek to manage or strategically adapt to their environments. The two models agree on the importance of organizational environments for understanding organizational decisions and structures, but differ in their evaluation of the importance of the role of environmental selection. Current literature has elements of both incompletely developed perspectives and the shape of organiza tional sociology will be determined by the implicit debate taking place. As it is impossible to ascertain the ultimate resolution of this argument, we have chosen to examine both perspectives in this chapter, and to include literature from industrial organization, and administrative science and organizational behavior, as well as from organizational sociology.


Verification of present day SoCs is proving to be challenging due to complex interactions among various subcomponents and IPs, with multiple clock domains and diverse bus protocols. The quality of verification depends on the precision in specifying the interaction behaviors. We propose a visual specification language called CESC (Clocked Event Sequence Chart), designed to specify interaction scenarios in SoCs. CESC provides a unique mechanism for representating multiple clock domains, based upon which event occurrences and interactions among different subcomponents can be represented. CESC has a pictorial and textual syntax, and a formal semantics to enable rigorous analysis. The semantics is based on standard notions of partial ordering and timed event traces. CESC is useful in many ways in formalizing SoC verification flows, namely, formalization of verification scenarios, synthesis of protocol checkers and consistency checking of specification versus implementation. This paper describes an algorithm to translate CESC scenarios to protocol checkers used in SoC verification flow. A few examples from industrial designs are included to illustrate the applicability of this formalism in specifying bus transactions and properties of protocols.


With the advent of 5G, higher speeds, more connected users and lower latency are required. To accomplish such goals, new antennas compatible with 5G technology are necessary. Patch antennas, being made of resistant and cheap materials, easy to mass-produce and low profile, represent a solid candidate for deployment in a 5G scenario. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for designing an antenna using microstrip technology, oriented to provide 5G services. This paper proposes a top-down approach, explaining first the general concepts and orienting the study towards more specific subjects. The topics discussed are the underlying technologies of 5G, patch antennas, circular polarization and array theory. Each topic provides an explanation of its fundamental principles, with an approach intended to be comprehensive instead of technical, and focusing towards giving practical design considerations for a 5G-oriented antenna.


The South African tree Combretumcaffrum has been shown to contain a constituent capable of significantly reversing astrocyte formation employing the National Cancer Institute's 9ASK system. The constituent responsible for astrocyte reversal was isolated and designated combretastatin (1). Structural elucidation was initiated employing spectral methods and completed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. By this means combretastatin was assigned structure 1. Further biological evaluation and a total synthesis are now in progress.


A good process management system helps the project members develop software projects. This paper introduces a Software Process Engineering Environment, SPEE. In SPEE, the process designer designs the process definition and project plan in a Process LANguage, PLAN, under a Process Definition Editor, PDE. A software project is developed on a Process Aided Software process enactment Environment, PASE. PASE provides development guidance, activity enforcement, process automation, tool invocations, and execution feedback for process enactment. SPEE, composed on PDE, PLAN, and PASE, provides helps from the plan to the end of a software project.


The invention discloses a production method of a steamed stuffed bun containing cream, pumpkin and purple sweet potato, and belongs to the technical field of pumpkin and purple sweet potato deep processing. The invention employs a raw material of purple sweet potato as a stuffing, which is added with sugar and margarine, and wrapped into a pumpkin wrapper to produce the steamed stuffed bun. The obtained product has golden and smooth appearance, moderate wrapper thickness, pure aroma, soft stuffing, moderate sweetness, and unique flavor. According to the invention, the pumpkin is prepared intothe wrapper, and purple sweet potato is prepared into the stuffing; reprocessing on the pumpkin and the purple sweet potato increases the added value thereof; and the production of the steamed stuffed bun also facilitates industrialized production of coarse cereal staple. Therefore, the invention has great application prospects.


Setting up rural migrant workers' social security system is an indispensable part of building up a harmonious society.The existence of cities and villages and the vacancy and inappropriateness of certain legal systems hamper the steps of setting up rural migrant workers' social security system.Furthermore,the political background and policy support, precious current opportunities,favorable economic condition and the reliable technical condition are suitable to set up this social security system.To set up rural migrant workers' social security system,we must improve the outside environment to overcome the obstacles and make full use of the favorable condition.


An attempt has been made to evaluate the role of macrophages from rabbits rendered tolerant in neonatal life to BGG in the immune response. The results show that macrophages from a tolerant rabbit took up the antigen to which it was tolerant and stimulated a specific response in the rate of DNA synthesis by spleen cells from an immunized animal. Whatever the role macrophages play in the immune response, no obvious defect of recognition of the antigenic molecules was demonstrated and this would agree with in vivo experiments using rats and a bacterial antigen (Nossal and Ada, 1964), where tolerant animals were able to recognize antigen in a manner characteristic of immune animals.


Introduction: We aim to study long term survival in the cohort registered in the PCCC after surviving interventions for CHD between 1982 and 2003. The PCCC is the longest standing registry of outco...


At the beginning of 2015, Ruth Oshikanlu challenged health visitors to set targets to make this their best year ever. As we enter the second half of the year, the time has come to revisit some of those goals and renew the motivation to achieve them.


The 5-year risk of death following onset of heart failure (HF) is about 50%. While previous studies have shown beneficial effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, it is unclear whether moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of death in HF subjects. We investigated whether alcohol consumption and type of alcohol preference are associated with risk of total mortality in 449 US male physicians with prevalent HF. Alcohol consumption was assessed via food frequency questionnaire, and mortality was ascertained via annual follow up questionnaires and adjudicated by an Endpoint Committee. The mean age of subjects was 75.7 ± 8.2 years with an average follow up of 7 years. We found evidence of a J-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.00 (ref), 0.85 (0.61–1.20), 0.60 (0.40–0.88), and 0.71 (0.42–1.21), for alcohol intake of none, <1/day, 1–2/day, and 3+/day respectively (p for quadratic trend: 0.058)]. There was no relation between beverage preference (beer, wine, or liquor) and mortality. In conclusion, our data showed a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and mortality in patients with HF.


The generating of a large-scale Chinese character set from a small one has been notoriously challenging due to the complexity of character topology and the inherently elusive sophistication in glyphic aesthetics. This paper proposes an innovative approach to synthesize character-glyph, via which a large-scale character glyph set was generated modeling on a small-scale one of a desired style. The approach initiated from the sampling of designated calligraphic works and proceeded to build a character stroke database, followed by the proposal of F-histogram-based character topology. Drawing on aesthetic intuition, we abstract glyphic aesthetics to establish several evaluative rules, and we further designed an algorithm for the evaluation of the character topology with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. At last, we adopted simulated annealing algorithm to optimize character glyphs with the desired style(s). Comparatively, this approach deserves credit in that the representation via F-histogram character topology accommodates more types of character topology and the synthesizing of glyphs integrates the stroke shape and the character topology.


Recently, there has been a growing interest in automating the process of neural architecture design, and the Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) method makes the process available within a few GPU days. However, the performance of DARTS is often observed to collapse when the number of search epochs becomes large. Meanwhile, lots of "{\em skip-connect}s" are found in the selected architectures. In this paper, we claim that the cause of the collapse is that there exists overfitting in the optimization of DARTS. Therefore, we propose a simple and effective algorithm, named "DARTS+", to avoid the collapse and improve the original DARTS, by "early stopping" the search procedure when meeting a certain criterion. We also conduct comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets and different search spaces and show the effectiveness of our DARTS+ algorithm, and DARTS+ achieves $2.32\%$ test error on CIFAR10, $14.87\%$ on CIFAR100, and $23.7\%$ on ImageNet. We further remark that the idea of "early stopping" is implicitly included in some existing DARTS variants by manually setting a small number of search epochs, while we give an {\em explicit} criterion for "early stopping".


Abstract This article analyzes the history of editions of letters written in America by Spanish emigrants to their families and friends during the colonial era. We also trace how Spanish and Latin American historiography made use of emigrant letters as historical sources, calling attention to a hitherto too gullible belief in the "authenticity" and "intimacy" of such documents. We put special emphasis to the so-called cartas de llamada (recruitment letters), which are the best known and most widely used type of Spanish emigrant letters of the colonial period, showing the various interweavements of the public and private spheres due to intentions and selections by the letters' authors, recipients, and Crown officials. We also advert to the existence of a considerable number of falsifications among the archived letters.


The Joint CSCS-ETH/NEC Collaboration in Parallel Processing comprises the development of an integrated tool environment together with applications and algorithms for distributed-memory parallel processors (DMPPs). Tool and application developers interact closely: the requirements of the tools are defined by the needs of the application developers, and once an application requirement becomes an integral part of the tool environment, the tools ease parallelization of similar applications and whole application classes. Additional features of the project are the use of a standardized DMPP high-level programming language (HPF) and low-level message-passing interface (MPI). The tool environment integrates parallelization support, a parallel debugger, and a performance monitor and analyzer. Applicationsalready investigated include unstructured problems. In this paper we summarize the tool and application development efforts and show preliminary performance results of three applications effectively parallelized on two DMPP platforms with the assistance of our tool environment.


Paraserianthes lophantha Willd I. C. Nielsen (cape wattle) is one of member
of the Fabaceae Family growing in the Java Mountains. Based on field observation,
this plant showed the symptoms of gall rust disease similar to the gall rust disease
on Paraserianthes falcataria L. I. C. Nielsen (sengon) and plants from Fabaceae
Family. This disease potentially spread out to sengon plantation in community
forest. Characteristic of the symptom, morphology and pathogenicity of the rust
pathogen causing the gall rust disease on the cape wattle have been unidentified yet.
This study aims to identify the characteristic of the symptoms, pathogen morphology,
pathogenesis and pathogenicity of the gall rust pathogen on the cape wattle.
The characteristic of morphology of the gall rust disease is observed using
survey method. The morphology of pathogen is microscopically observed by
describing the color, size, and shape of spore. The observation of germination
percentage, penetration, and infection is conducted by two treatments which are
pathogen inoculation of gall rust disease on the cape wattle to cape wattle and
sengon seedlings. Three seedlings as disposable sampling are performed by slicing
the seedling with 10 observation units per day for each treatment. The observation
of disease incidence is done by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using
inoculums from the gall rust pathogen of cape wattle and Uromycladium
tepperianum of sengon inoculated to the sengon seedlings. Each treatment has four
replications with 5 sampling units per replication, 40 seedlings in total.
The symptoms of the gall rust disease of cape wattle were found in the trunk,
branches, twigs, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The symptoms were crimped-foliolum,
bent-petiololus, bent-leaves bone and organ-changes-into tumor sized < 1-1,5 cm. A
spore was spherical sized 20-28 I¼m in length and 15-25 I¼m in width and with
ornament in the teliospore wall identified as Uromycladium tepperianum. The spore
adhered to the host germinated to basidiospore and then was followed with
penetration both directly and through natural orifices. After the penetration
penetrated epidermis, the fungus infected and developed in the below of host tissue.
U. tepperianum of cape wattle was able to cause the symptom of disease with
approximately same intensity of the disease started from day 3 until 30 after
inoculation which were 16.2 to 29.2% in sengon and 17.1 to 29.9% in cape wattle.


A Robust Current-Loop Controller (RCLC) based on the theory of Sliding Model Control (SMC) for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) is proposed in this paper. The Field Oriented Control (FOC) scheme for PMSMs drive is constructed to achieve the better performance. Meanwhile in order to damp the chattering brought by the basic principle of SMC, three ways are presented, which can ensure the robust and excellent dynamic performance of the current-loop controller. The robust, stability and dynamic performance of the controller are analyzed theoretically in this paper subsequently. At last, the simulation and experimental results are offered to approve the conclusion educed theoretically and verify the performance of the RCLC.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the temperature failure effect on electronic components and their electrical parameters variation.Design/methodology/approach – The MOSFET device parameters analysis was done by numerical analysis based on a double exponential model using the integrated pn junction.Findings – The temperature dependence of these parameters is investigated; their evolution allows the evaluation of device's operation reliability in high‐temperature environments.Originality/value – The paper demonstrates how the temperature affect the normal operation of the electronic device and the model accuracy is investigated at high temperature.


The invention relates to phosphoric copolyamide/nano-meter montmorillonite flame-retardant composite material and a method for preparing the same. The invention mainly aims at solving the technical problems that the prior flame-retardant polyamide uses more inorganic flame retardant, is easy to precipitate and has poor flame-retardant effect and low mechanical property, and the halogenated flame retardant polyamide is easy to pollute the environment during combustion. The organic montmorillonite is dispersed in the form of nano-particles in phosphoric copolyamide formed by the polymerization of phosphoric prepolymer and nylon 66 salt. The method for preparing the phosphoric copolyamide/nano-meter montmorillonite flame-retardant composite material comprises the steps of preparing the solution of ethanol in hexamethylene diamine, preparing the nylon 66 salt, preparing the phosphoric prepolymer and preparing the phosphoric copolyamide/nano-meter montmorillonite flame-retardant composite material. The phosphoric copolyamide/nano-meter montmorillonite flame-retardant composite material needs less flame retardant, has high flame-retardant efficiency and high mechanical property and causes no poisonous and harmful gas during combustion to pollute the environment.


Summary. Intersections, for vehicles coming from different directions, are conflict points in road networks. When a driver approaching a signalised intersection encounters the yellow light, he/she is in a dilemma either to safely stop or to pass through the intersection during clearance time. The decision to stop or to pass may change depending on some factors such as duration of yellow light, deceleration and acceleration rate, width of intersection, speed and length of vehicle, etc. This study aims to put forth the effects of some related factors affecting the length of the Type I dilemma zone. To perform this study, five factors including vehicle speed, maximum deceleration rate, perception-reaction time, clearance time, the total intersection width-vehicle length were considered and a total of 648 different traffic cases were investigated. The study results showed that the Type I dilemma zone length increased with the increase of speed, total intersection width-vehicle length and perception-reaction time, but decreased with the increase of clearance time and deceleration rate.


Although valuable research has been undertaken in the United States little is yet known about the processes engaged in by supported employment projects for people with mental health problems. The study reported here explored these processes using semistructured interviews with employment project clients, their project workers and workplace managers. Of five projects involved in the research, two exemplified radically different approaches, one implicitly underpinned by a clinical model of recovery and the other by a social recovery model. In this article we draw on data from the seven cases studied from these projects to describe the two approaches and to consider their strengths and limitations. We conclude that approaches based on the social recovery model hold more promise, although such approaches would be enhanced through greater liaison with mental health professionals. In addition, funding structures are required that take account of job retention rates, rather than placement rates alone.


THE PrOBlEM When forecasting in complex, uncertain situations, expertise is of little value. Decades of empirical research have led to the Seer-Sucker Theory: "No matter how much evidence exists that seers do not exist, suckers will pay for the existence of seers" (Armstrong, 1980). Subsequent evidence, such as Philip Tetlock's (2005) book Expert Political Judgment, provides further support for the conclusion that experts, while good at diagnosis, are poor at prognosis.


Due to large-scale enrollment and the traditional professional talent training mode in Chinese universities, the trained students' knowledge and discipline were narrow field of vision, comprehensive quality is not strong, lack of development potential, lack of innovation consciousness and ability, the traditional rigid and uniform training pattern already cannot adapt to the requirements of economic and social development. The cultivation of individual talents is the basis of cultivating innovative talents. Researched on the connotation of individualized talent cultivation, the significance of individual talents cultivation and the problems of individual talents training in Chinese universities. Put forward some countermeasures of individualized talents cultivation, for example, leading culture innovation, reform of higher education management system, innovative talent training concept, improving the professional setting mode, optimize the curriculum, perfect teaching system, reform teaching organization form, teaching implementation, teaching evaluation and so on. Provided a reference path for individual talents training in Chinese universities.


Aim To establish the alcohol extraction process of Marsdenia tenacissima.Methods The content was determined with total phenolic acid and chlorogenic acid as the examination standard by orthogonal experiment.Results The optimum extraction condition obtained is adding 18 times of amount of 60% alcohol and extracting for 1.5 hours(totally extracting for 3 times).Conclusion The extraction method is reasonable,simple and easy for manufacture.


Three new binuclear chromium(III) complexes bridged by tris(oxalato)chromate(III), [Cr(ox) 3 ] 3 - and end-capped with 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy); 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Me 2 bpy) or 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Mephen), have been synthesized and characterized, namely [Cr 2 (ox) 3 (bpy) 2 ] (1), [Cr 2 (ox) 3 (Me 2 bpy) 2 ] (2) and [Cr 2 (ox) 3 (Mephen) 2 ] (3). At present, the three complexes have not yet been isolated in crystalline form, suitable for X-ray structure analysis, but based on elemental analyses, molar conductance and magnetic moments of room-temperature measurements, and spectroscopic studies, extended ox-bridged structures consisting of two chromium(III) ions, each in an octahedral environment are proposed for these complexes. The complexes [Cr 2 (ox) 3 (bpy) 2 ] (1) and [Cr 2 (ox) 3 (Me 2 bpy) 2 ] (2) were further characterized by variable temperature magnetic susceptibility (4.2∼300 K) measurements and the observed data were successfully simulated by the equation based on the spin Hamiltonian operator, H = -2JS 1 .S 2 , giving the exchange integrals J = -9.73 cm - 1 for (1) and J = -5.29 cm - 1 for (2). This result indicates the presence of weak antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction between the metal ions within each molecule. The influence of the methyl substituents in the terminal ligand on magnetic interactions between the metals is also discussed.


Non-government organizations are long-standing partners of the Philippine government in the delivery of vital sexual and reproductive health services to women, who constitute half of the 90 million Filipinos. Women's health conditions, particularly among the economically marginalized sector, are very poor as a result of highly oppressive gender scripts. Using a variety of approaches, non-government organizations have worked vigorously to improve women's health, particularly through the use of modern family planning methods, and the prevention of domestic violence and sexually transmitted infections, for which funding is relatively stable. Their over-arching strategy has consisted mainly of providing appropriate services and modifying – in collective and individual terms – women's gender identities. Having worked for decades with varied groups of marginalized women, these non-government organizations have already made a long-lasting impact on numerous women's lives, but little is known and published about their work. Based upon data to be derived from personal interviews and document analyses, this chapter discusses the work of three carefully selected non-government organizations and their respective effective efforts in family planning promotion, and domestic violence and sexually transmitted infections prevention. The organizational work will be discussed in three major respects: strategies (goal, objectives, funding and approaches); complexities (hastening and/or hindering factors at all levels, including those related to strategies); and impact (changes in women's lives and organizational contributions). In describing the aforementioned aspects, the chapter will make use of both qualitative and quantitative evidence. The discourse of the three organizational efforts will be placed within a broad introductory scenario of non-government organizational work vis-a-vis women's health in the Philippines. The chapter's knowledge and insights will be valuable to other local and international organizations.


To take advantage of large quantities of new geophysical data and increased exploration interest due to the South Australian Exploration Initiative a compilation of the geophysical signatures of South Australian mineral deposits has been undertaken. This project has two stages which will be described in a two-volume publication. The first volume, scheduled for publication in 1996, summarises all publicly available data, and some proprietary data, on the geo- physical signatures of the State's mineral deposits. Separate chapters describe deposits according to the dominant commodity. These include copper, iron, uranium, lead?zinc, and other commodities such as gold, nickel, talc and graphite. The total number of deposits discussed is 44. The second volume, scheduled for publication in early 1997, is primarily concerned with newly acquired airborne geophysical data, from the South Australian Exploration Initiative and also Australian Geological Survey Organisation and commercial surveys. The majority of the data described will be aeromagnetic, but other data will be included as required and available. For each deposit, data from the surrounding few tens of kilometres will be presented and interpreted with emphasis on lithological and structural control of the deposit. Regional-scale interpretations will also be included, again emphasising controls on known mineralisation.


In Ireland, as in many European countries, the rate of poverty and deprivation is higher for children than it is for adults. This is important, not only because of a concern with the well-being of children but also because childhood deprivation can have long-term negative consequences that persist into adulthood. This report examines childhood deprivation in Ireland in 2009 in the context of this concern for the current well-being of children and their future prospects. The goal of this report is to address five questions: 1. How much child-specific deprivation is there in Ireland and what form does it take? 2. What are the main risk factors for child-specific deprivation? 3. How well do the national measures of basic deprivation and consistent poverty identify children who are deprived? 4. How do the risk factors for child-specific deprivation differ from the risk factors for basic household-level deprivation? 5. What are the implications for policy?


Objective:To analyze the levels of serum vitamin D,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and insulin resistance in obese children,explore the relationship between obesity and the above indexes.Methods:The research objects receiving physical examination were screened by body mass index (BMI) according to criteria established by China Obesity Workgroup,then they were divided into obesity group and control group,the fasting venous blood samples were taken to detect the levels of 25(OH)D,1,25(OH)2D,PTH,blood calcium,phosphate and alkaline phosphatase (AP),FINS,FPG,then HOMA-IR was calculated,body height and body weight were measured to calculate BMI.Results:The rate of vitamin D deficiency in obesity group was significantly higher than that in control group;compared with control group,BMI,PTH and HOMA-IR increased and the level of vitamin D decreased significantly in obesity group (P0.05);there was a negative correlation between BMI and serum vitamin D,while there was a positive correlation between BMI and PTH,HOMA-IR;there was a negative correlation between PTH and 25(OH)D,there was a positive correlation between PTH and HOMA-IR,there was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR.Conclusion:The decrease of serum vitamin D level,increase of PTH and enhancement of insulin resistance exist in obese children;there is a correlation between obesity and vitamin D,PTH,HOMA-IR;PTH and 25(OH)D are correlated with HOMA-IR,respectively.


This study aimed to reveal the reasons for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections of the nineteenth parliament for the year 2020 in the Jordanian capital, Amman. A questionnaire was developed for this purpose, which included (30) items distributed over four dimensions, each dimension representing a general reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections. The acceptable parameters of validity and reliability of the questionnaire were achieved. The questionnaire was applied to an available sample consisting of (1223) individuals who did not participate in the parliamentary elections in the Jordanian capital, Amman. The results of the study revealed that the most common reasons for reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections of the nineteenth parliament for the year 2020 in the Jordanian capital, Amman, were "the reasons related to the candidates," while it came in the fourth and final rank domain: "the reasons related to the Corona pandemic." The results also showed that the most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to voters was the fifth reason: "I did not find anyone to represent me in the parliament among the candidates." That the most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to the candidates was the ninth reason: "The spread of corruption among members of the parliament in appointments and promotions". The most common reason for the reluctance to participate in the parliamentary elections related to the independent body was the reason (22), which states: "The independent body was unable to control candidates from using political money in the elections," and that the most common reason for refraining from participating in the parliamentary elections related to the Corona pandemic was the reason ( 29) and its text: "People's lack of commitment to health measures such as social distancing and wearing a mask." In light of the results of the current study, the researchers recommend finding effective formulas to ensure broader participation in the parliamentary elections, employing various social media to support and enhance participation in parliamentary elections, and tightening supervision and punishment to prevent the spread of practices related to political money, the existence of real and serious procedures to ensure the integrity of the elections, the development of awareness programs for the citizen on the basis for choosing a representative, the adoption of standards of morality, integrity and hard work of the candidate when voting, and conducting various studies on the issue of the reasons for reluctance to vote in parliamentary elections and their relationship to social, demographic and political variables.


We use the theta lifts between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to study the distinction problems for the pair [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a quadratic field extension over a nonarchimedean local field [Formula: see text] of characteristic zero and [Formula: see text] is a quaternion algebra. With a similar strategy, we give a conjectural formula for the multiplicity of distinction problem related to the pair [Formula: see text]