Finkenzeller report two new methods for calibrating broadband optical cavities (IBBCEAS/BBCEAS/CE-DOAS). While broadband optical resonators have been used in laboratory and field measurements for over a decade, the question of how to calibrate instruments is still a challenge for researchers. Although several methods have been proposed and are useful in various contexts, they all have disadvantages, whether additional expense or the inconvenience of requiring bottled gases. The paper therefore addresses an important technical aspect of the use of broadband optical resonators.


On the basis of experimental and theoretical studies on the catalytic reaction of N2O in the TWC,we caculated the chemi-adorption of N2O on Rh(100) surface with CASTEP program on the level of DFT(Density Functional Theory) which is usually used in theoretical studies on the system in transition metal catalysts.The PW91 function is used as the exchange-correlation function.The calculation results e are presented as following: compared with the length of the bond and the adsorptive energy of N-N、N-O、Rh-N and Rh-O on the both of N adsorption and O adsorption,we found a top of N adsorption is the most stable adsorption.


Based on geometry modeling method, collision detection and protection when the robot serving in steam generator (SG) of nuclear plant was researched. All possible operation collisions were analyzed; the geometry model of robot and SG chamber was built. The distance algorithm of geometry model was deduced, and the problem of robotpsilas collision detection was translated into solving the minimum distance between geometry models. Considering the operation mode of virtual master-slave, position commands of slave-computer which received from upper-computer were examined, and collision safety was implemented in two levels of warning. Prototype experiment indicated that operational safety of the system had been greatly enhanced without hindering any normal robot operation.


With the effects of equivalent oxide charges on the flat-band voltage, a new quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3-D) compact threshold voltage model is presented for the pi-gate (ΠG) MOSFETs with the interface trapped charges based on the quasi-3-D scaling equation that accounts for equivalent number of gates and virtual back gate effects induced by the normalized gate extension depth in the buried oxide. The model reveals that a thin gate oxide can effectively reduce the threshold voltage degradation caused by the trapped charges. Opposite to the thin gate oxide, a thick silicon is required to alleviate the threshold voltage shift resulted from the negative trapped charges. For the short-channel behavior, the device with negative/positive trapped charges can decrease/increase the threshold voltage roll-off caused by the short-channel effects. Due to its computational efficiency and simple formula, the model can be easily used to explore the threshold behavior for the charges trapping ΠG MOSFETs.


Unive~~ily of Kalasas Summary.-Teachers and students assuming the role of teachers (N = 375) rated the importance of effort, ability, tasks difficulty, and reachers' attimdes in explaining grades earned by high- and low-achieving students with high, moderate, and lorn levels of motivation. A:tributions abouc abiliry distinguished protocols of highly motivated students from those of smdents with moderate and low mocivacion. Attributions about task difficulty distinguished protocols of highly motivated, low-achieving students from prorocols of lowachieving students with lower motivation. The disadvantage of attributing achievement to stable factors is discussed. Attribution theory postulates that individuals explain their personal academic performance, either success or failure, and those of others by ascriptions to ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck (Weiner, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1984). Weiner (1984) classifies these factors as internal or external, as stable or unstable, and as controllable or uncontrollal-le. For example, abiliry is internal, stable, and uncontrollable, while effort is internal, unstable, and controllable. Task difficulty is external, stable, and uncontrollable, and luck is external, unstable, and uncon'trollable. Similarly, teachers may explain a student's success or failure by the student's ability, by the amount of effort the student expends, by the difficulty of the task, or by chance factors (Cooper & Lowe, 1977). This study investigated educators' (teacher-trainees, in-service teachers, and graduate students) esplanations for the academic success or failure of hypothetical high- and lowachieving junior high-school students with different levels of motivation.


Introduction Despite the rapidly expanding volume of work examining the origin of the remarkable activity of supported gold catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation, there is no definitive evidence for the nature of the active site or the reaction mechanism. Several studies indicate that H2O plays an important role in generating active catalysts. A number of models of the active site have been proposed, and the one by us, similar to Bond and Thompson's, consists of an ensemble of metallic Au atoms and Au−OH. However, there is no direct evidence for the presence and participation of hydroxyl groups in the CO oxidation reaction.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the status quo and trend of antidiabetics in 20 hospitals of Chongqing. METHODS:Utili-zation of antidiabetics in 20 hospitals of Chongqing from 2006 to 2008 was analyzed statistically with consumption sum and DDDs as index. RESULTS:The consumption sum and DDDs of antidiabetics used in those hospitals increased year by year. The consumption sum and DDDs of antidiabetics used in 2007 were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than in 2006. The consumption sum and DDDs of antidiabetics used in 2008 were 1.4 and 1.3 times higher than in 2007. CONCLUSION:Antidiabetics is a kind of great promising potential drug for pharmaceutical market. Amount of insulin and new type of oral antidiabetics drug in hospitals of Chongqing will continue to increase.


In this article, the economic efficiency and recomendation for production of broccoli cabbage as a vegetable crop in greenhouse conditions and the application of liquid complex fertilizer in broccoli cabbage are presented.


C-FIA analysis is the new technology of timely solution cycle analysis in Japan in recent years.The basic principle,advantage and the application in industry and analysis in environment of C-FIA is introduced in this paper.The primary character of C-FIA is re-using reagent and detecting at long time with good accuracy.But this analysis technology is used only in detection of strong acid and basic,Cu2+,Ca2+,Cl-and so on at present.It is still in its early stage and there is a good prospect.


This paper develops a complete architecture for constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection based on a goodness-of-fit (GOF) test. This architecture begins with a logarithmic amplifier, which transforms the background distribution, whether Weibull or lognormal into a location-scale (LS) one, some relevant properties of which are exploited to ensure CFAR. A GOF test is adopted at last to decide whether the samples under test belong to the background or are abnormal given the background and so should be declared to be a target of interest. The performance of this new CFAR scheme is investigated both in homogeneous and multiple interfering targets environment.


Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been used since 1985 in a variety of countries for the treatment of gallstones in selected patients (1–14). Clinical use has been routine in western Europe for a decade (15). The limited experience in the United States has been investigational, through tests of the Medstone STS lithotripter (Medstone International, Aliso Viejo, CA) (2, 10, 11), EDAP LT01 lithotripter (EDAP Technomed, Boston, MA) (5), and Dornier lithotripter (Dornier Medical Systems, Munich, Germany) (6). ESWL of cholesterol gallstones with adjuvant bile acid dissolution therapy accelerates stone disappearance; ESWL shatters the stone into small fragments that can be dissolved more quickly. Analysis of stone fragments in the feces of patients who underwent ESWL showed that 3-mm fragments can pass into the intestine without causing symptoms (16). In September, 2000 the Food and Drug Administration approved, subject to a postapproval study, the first lithotripter for gallstone application in the United States, the Medstone STS. Treatment, which comprises lithotripsy treatments of up to 2000 24-kV shocks and administration of ursodiol, is indicated in symptomatic adult patients for whom surgical removal of the gallbladder is medically contraindicated and in symptomatic high-risk patients who have actively refused surgery. Patients must have functioning gallbladders and solitary, radiolucent, noncalcified stones from 4 to 20 mm in maximum diameter. Ursodiol is a naturally occurring bile acid that dissolves gallstones of cholesterol origin. Lithotripters vary with respect to shock wave generation, focusing, and targeting. The Medstone STS, which has been commercially available for the treatment of kidney stones in the United States since 1988, generates a spark-gap shock wave in a water column. The shock wave pulse travels with little attenuation through the water column and soft tissues of the body. When it hits the anterior surface of the gallstone throughout the posterior surface, the changes in acoustic impedance lead to the liberation of compressive and tensile forces, resulting in fragmentation of the stone. Other devices use this electrohydraulic approach or piezoelectric crystals or electromagnetic membranes to generate the shock waves. The multicenter, prospective, postapproval randomized trial of the Medstone STS lithotripter in gallstone therapy is directed toward confirmation of efficacy and collection of additional data supporting safety in routine clinical practice. The selected patients will be treated in the prone position, using i.v. propofol analgesia, and on an outpatient basis. Efficacy of ESWL will be defined as the percentage of patients with stone-free gallbladders according to abdominal ultrasound after 3, 6, and 12 months. Findings will be compared with the results of ursodiol monotherapy.


Multiple injections used for diesel engines, especially pre- and post-injections, have the potential to reduce combustion noise and emissions with improved engine performance. This paper outlines the combustion characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine with multiple injections. The effects of pre-injection (multi-injection) on combustion characteristics are presented in a single-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds and load conditions. A common rail fuel system with a solenoid injector, driven by a peak and hold circuit, is used in this work. This enables us to control the number of injections, fuel injection timing and duration, and the fuel rail pressure that can be used to optimize the engine combustion process (e.g., eliminate engine knock). Mass fraction burned and burn durations are determined by analyzing the measured in-cylinder pressure data. Results are compared with the cases when no pre-injection was used, i.e. only main injection, at the same engine speeds and load conditions. In each study, different cases are considered with the variation in main injection timing. It is found that at full-load condition and lower engine speeds pre-injection is an effective method to alter the engine burn rate and hence to eliminate knock.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is an outstanding method to process micro-scale products for its fine surface quality and non-residual stress remaining after machining. This study proposes a sliding Electro Chemical Machining (SECM) method to fabricate tungsten carbide micro fins. The method was expected to thin the pre-machined tungsten carbide fins into micro scale. During conventional ECM process, polarization has been considered as a major issue especially for microscale products, the resultant often jams the electrolyte refreshment thus causing concentration polarization. With the application of rapid sliding workpiece and pulse power supply, the experiment is able to minimize the concentration polarization, and massively reduce the stray current effect, eventually achieve micro-fin fabrication.


Plasmonic nanomaterials possessing large‐volume, high‐density hot spots with high field enhancement are highly desirable for ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. However, many as‐prepared plasmonic nanomaterials are limited in available dense hot spots and in sample size, which greatly hinder their wide applications in SERS devices. Here, we develop a two‐step physical deposition protocol and successfully fabricate 3D hierarchical nanostructures with highly dense hot spots across a large scale (6 × 6 cm2). The nanopatterned aluminum film was first prepared by thermal evaporation process, which can provide 3D quasi‐periodic cloud‐like nanostructure arrays suitable for noble metal deposition; then a large number of silver nanoparticles with controllable shape and size were decorated onto the alumina layer surfaces by laser molecular beam epitaxy, which can realize large‐area accessible dense hot spots. The optimized 3D‐structured SERS substrate exhibits high‐quality detection performance with excellent reproducibility (13.1 and 17.1%), whose LOD of rhodamine 6G molecules was 10−9 M. Furthermore, the as‐prepared 3D aluminum/silver SERS substrate was applied in detection of melamine with the concentration down to 10−7 M and direct detection of melamine in infant formula solution with the concentration as low 10 mg/L. Such method to realize large‐area hierarchical nanostructures can greatly simplify the fabrication procedure for 3D SERS platforms, and should be of technological significance in mass production of SERS‐based sensors.


The present invention provides a method and a web page access client. Wherein the web access method comprising: a first client obtains uniform resource locator (URL) pages the access request; the first client updates the URL, to form a second URL, wherein the URL includes a second plurality of pre-stored in the client or stored data item side, for loading information item corresponding to the stored data page to be accessed; URL access client through a second web page. The present invention addresses the need to obtain network information server load caused by heavy pages of technical problems through a network server when the prior art, web pages, updates to the URL through the client reached using the URL of the local page to be accessed from a client the purpose of the information needed to pass the page, thus achieving a reduction in the burden on the network server technical effect.


This article presents a synthesis and analysis drawing from NbS Justice, NBS Indigenous and NbS more-than-human literature, Indigenous governance, Indigenous planning and coexistence planning literature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to understandings of NbS and colonialism through critical reflection, as well as provide tools for action to for researchers and practitioners. In settler-colonial contexts, NbS are colonizing by default. Colonialism operates through producing and growing power asymmetries, which exist in NbS research and practice. These power asymmetries are perpetuated and accelerated by settler NbS practitioners and researchers. However, knowledge co-production that embodies ethical space principles with Indigenous partners in NbS may support power redistribution. To support settler NbS practitioners and researchers, we present a potential process to support mutually beneficial knowledge co-production consisting of three stages; pre-engagement, internal engagement and external/collective engagement.


Teams of boys from an integrated elementary school played a game on the Madsen Cooperation Board which, while permitting either cooperative or competitive behavior, rewarded cooperative behavior. Indian teams, allwhite teams, and integrated teams all showed a similar pattern of behavior on the game. This pattern was markedly different from the behavior patterns which have been demonstrated for either Blackfoot or white children from nonintegrated schools. The behavior of all the groups from the integrated school was midway between that of nonintegrated white and Blackfoot children in terms of the frequency of cooperative responses. The data are discussed in terms of acculturation and the effects of integrated schooling.


Underground construction activities of hydropower engineering are characterized by long period,complicated work and involvement of a big variety of professionals;compounded by the poor underground working conditions,it is of great significance to improve the occupational health protection.By probing into the specific construction activities,machinery and equipment and make-up of the involving professionals,and in the light of the characteristics of each construction stage,this article makes an analysis of the types and features of occupational hazards resulting from different stages of construction activities.Based on the analysis,this article proposes preventive and controlling measures accordingly so as to prevent and control the hazards for the professionals concerned.


The invention provides a display device structure, a display device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a connection pad structure. The display device structure includes an active device, a passivation layer, a pixel electrode and a first conductive material. The passivation layer covers the active device and has a first through hole exposing a portion of the active device. The pixel electrode is disposed on the passivation layer, and the pixel electrode is a non-thin-film electrode constituted by a plurality of micro-conductive structures. The first conductive material is filled in the first through hole and electrically connected to the exposed active device. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the first conductive material.


In order to precisely investigate molten core relocation behavior in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, we have developed the detailed and phenomenological numerical simulation code named JUPITER for predicting the molten core behavior including solidification and relocation based on the three-dimensional multiphase thermal-hydraulic simulation models. In this paper, in order to distinguish a fuel component from core internals component in the JUPITER code, we added the multicomponent analysis method to the code and carried out to check effectiveness of the multicomponent analysis model based on the numerical simulation of melting behavior of the simulated fuel assemblies and core internals. From the present numerical results, it was confirmed that a newly developed multicomponent analysis method appropriately can predict the relocation behavior of molten materials in complicated structures, that is relocation and solidification behavior for fuel components including the heat source, i.e., simulated decay heat, and the core internals without heat sources from simplified fuel assemblies through the core support plate and simplified control rod guide tubes to the lower head in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV).Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This paper is about the comparison of the cycle of money with the impact factor of the education, and without it. This analysis is based on the cycle of money and on the impact factor of education. This means that we have the appropriate education of economy which support the market and robust of this economy. Thence, the impact factor of the education is important as enforces the economic dynamic of any economy. Then, we extract conclusions about the importance of this impact factor. For the purposes of this analysis is used the Q.E. method.


We present how a single light source was used to drive multiple video projectors in a tiled display in order to achieve better tileto-tile color and brightness uniformity. Additionally, a combined tiled-Fresnel and mask assembly was developed which further improved brightness uniformity and reduced color and brightness shading artifacts.


The upgraded absolute gravimeter FG5X-220 is deployed by IfE since summer 2012. Compared with the predecessor version FG5-220, the instrument has a different free-fall length (about 30 cm instead of 20 cm) and a different measuring segment along the vertical (from 138 cm to 108 cm above floor level instead of 128 cm to 108 cm). Additional information about the Hannover instruments can be found in Timmen (2010). Descriptions of the FG5 and FG5X gravimeters are given in Niebauer et al. (1995) and Niebauer et al. (2013).


In this study, we assess the balance sheet exposure of commercial banks to the real estate market, and develop a hypothesis on the potential systematic effects of real estate conditions across banks. By applying a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model to bank portfolios, we test for the relation between bank values and a real estate market proxy after controlling for general market and interest-rate conditions. We find a positive relationship between monthly bank returns and the real estate index, even after accounting for general market and interest-rate movements. The sensitivity of bank values to the real estate market has increased over time, and the bank-specific sensitivity coefficient is positively related to the bank's balance sheet exposure to real estate.


The present invention relates to a secondary battery provided with a PTC device, the protection circuit module and the protection circuit board comprising the PTC device having the support. According to the invention, to prevent rocking or twisting of the PTC device by forming the support portion at one end of the conductive plate of a PTC element, a conductive layer located above the PTC main body is fixed to the protection circuit board during surface mounting, the support is is a pre-applied adhesive for surface mounting have been dissolved by the high temperature during solidification to remove the high temperature, by fixing the supporting part there is an effect that it is possible to prevent rocking or twisting of the PTC element. PTC element, a protection circuit board, a secondary battery


"The Tradition of the Victim in Griersonian Documentary", Image Ethics, eds. Larry Gross, John Katz and Jay Ruby, New York: Oxford University Press. (0-19-505433-4)


We propose that connectionism and dynamic systems theory are strong contenders for a general theory of development that holds true whatever the content domain. We illustrate, through our own career narratives, the origins of these theories in motor and language development. We situate connectionism and dynamic systems among other classic and contemporary theories and conclude that, although there are meaningful differences, these differences pale in relation to the shared assumptions about the fundamental processes and mechanisms of change. Once upon a time, thanks to Jean Piaget, the field of cognitive development had a coherent, interesting, testable, and widely accepted theory. Now, alas, we are back in the preparadigmatic boat with our colleagues in the rest of psychology, with theory fragments, almost-theories, and pseudotheories bobbing about around us. . . . I will try to differentiate several distinct possibilities for future theories. . . . Most probably each of these theories will turn out to be true of different aspects of development. . . . For any particular developmental phenomenon, one theory or another will be true, and we want to know which one it is. (Gopnik, 1996, p. 221) According to Alison Gopnik's vision of the postPiagetian era, the search for a grand developmental theory is futile. Piaget was wrong: broad, general explanations seem 'increasingly implausible' (p. 221) and efforts are better spent working out the details, domain-by-domain. The traditional big issues of developmental theory ‐ nature vs. nurture, continuity and discontinuity, modularity vs. distributed processes, and so on ‐ should be cast aside in favor of specific theories about content. While we agree about the importance of the details, we also believe that Gopnik, and others who espouse the domain-specific view, have scuttled the theoretical boat somewhat prematurely. In this special issue of Developmental Science we present a discussion of two contemporary contenders for the 'big picture': connectionism and dynamic systems theory. The articles are the result of a symposium held at the 2001 meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development. The large audience who attended the symposium presumably did not share Gopnik's pessimism over the future of developmental theory (although it is possible they came to witness the duel-to-the death!). Rather, we sensed a growing interest and excitement, especially as these new theories are implemented in mathematical models, and thus, make contact with similar theoretical enterprises in cognitive science, biology and neuroscience. Here we focus specifically on the question of whether we are dealing with one grand theory or two: how alike or how different are connectionism and dynamic systems? To begin, we state forthrightly that we do believe that there are general principles of development: mechanisms and processes that hold true whatever the content domain. Moreover, we assert that researchers make theoretical assumptions about these processes and mechanisms whenever they design and conduct a study. Often these assumptions are implicit, but they influence every decision about the choice of variables, design, research population, sampling intervals and statistical technique. Good theory makes these assumptions explicit, and subjects them to empirical test. Furthermore, the role of formal models is to make these underlying assumptions extremely precise. The specific form of the model is thus less important than the general principles of development on which it is based. We devote our introduction, therefore, to the developmental principles ‐ the qualitative theory and assumptions ‐ that form the bases for the two related approaches of connectionism and dynamic systems. We compare them to the assumptions of other general theories and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each. Note that there is a not-so-subtle irony here. Neither author, Bates nor Thelen, has ever programmed a computer, written an original equation, or run a simulation. How did it come


This derivative was isolated as a spontaneousmutantofT4D+which hadahighefficiency ofplatingand a nearly normal plaque morphology on thesehosts. Phage stocks containing combinations ofthesemarkers wereconstructed byrecombination.Bacterial strains. E. coli B was used as the non-permissive host for in vivo and in vitro experimentswithambermutants.E. coliCR63wasusedtopreparestocksandasthepermissivehostfor phagecontainingamber mutations. The nonpermissive host for rllmutantswasCR63(Xh).Forstudies ontheroleofhostligase in the restoration ofviability to ligase-deficientphage,


ence on venous tone, increased venous pressure and prolonged standing. The actual cause of the disorder, however, still baflles research. By definition a varix is a &dquo;dilated, elongated and tortuous vein.&dquo; An approach to the etiology of varices may include a study of these three morphologic criteria of the disease. This paper concerns the tortuosity of varicose veins, especially their peculiar serpentine course. The investigation was prompted by Leopold and W olman'sl article entitled, &dquo;River meanders,&dquo; in which meanders of a river are described as being formed by erosion and sedimentation of material from the river banks and a consequent reshaping of the river to a regular serpentine pattern. The underlying mechanism of this modification of the course of a river has been cleared up by Leopold and Langbein.2 2


In the paper,the method for pick-up graphics data which will be stored in database from AutoCAD DXF files by ObjectARX are discussed with ADO technology to realize data access.The method is rapid and effective for data exchange of AutoCAD drawings based on the external database.


The numerous changes that have taken place in the field of education in the last thirty years mainly due to the progress and development of technology are discussed. Teachers also need to adapt themselves to meet the challenges of progress.


Nowadays, artificial intelligence is applied in a great variety of fields. As we know there is an enormous quantity of available data that through artificial intelligence helps to make better and faster decisions furthermore efficiently. This research work is focusing in how to use Deep learning based on convolutional neural networks and propose a classification of pneumonia model through X-ray images. This research work is focusing on how to use deep learning based on convolutional neural networks and proposes a model that can classify pneumonia, through X-ray images. We are using our own model called XrayChestNet_v1 and complex models such as VGG16, ResNeXt50_32x4 y GoogLeNet applying transfer learning technique. In this research, we made two experiments, we tried different architectures in each of them. XrayChestNet_v1, has the task to help to classify and detect whether an X-ray shows changes or signs and classify them in two groups depending on results.


An improved session identification method was brought forward.The improved method was based on the site home page and navigation pages,using the home page or navigation pages as the identification of the new session beginning.Using a real Web log as experiment data,the improved session identification method was implemented by PL/SQL programming,and further compared with existed methods.Experimental results illustrate that the improved method can identify user sessions more effectively.


In this thesis, we explore various models for the flow of a compressible fluid as well as model equations for shock formation, one of the main features of compressible fluid flows. We begin by reviewing the variational structure of compressible fluid mechanics. We derive the barotropic compressible Euler equations from a variational principle in the material frame. The particle relabeling symmetry of fluid mechanics is explained, and the material-frame Lagrangian is shown to be invariant under this symmetry. We then show how the barotropic compressible Euler equations arise from a variational principle in the spatial frame. Writing the resulting equations of motion requires certain Liealgebraic calculations that we carry out in detail for expository purposes. Next, we extend the derivation of the Lagrangian averaged Euler (LAE-α) equations to the case of barotropic compressible flows. The aim of Lagrangian averaging is to regularize the compressible Euler equations by adding dispersion instead of artificial viscosity. Along the way, the derivation of the isotropic and anisotropic LAE-α equations is simplified and clarified. The derivation in this paper involves averaging over a tube of trajectories η centered around a given Lagrangian flow η. With this tube framework, the LAE-α equations are derived by following a simple procedure: start with a given action, expand via Taylor series in terms of small-scale fluid fluctuations ξ, truncate, average, and then model those terms that are nonlinear functions of ξ. Closure of the equations is provided through the use of flow rules, which prescribe the evolution of the fluctuations along the mean flow.


A new Sciophilinae—Azana atlantica, sp.n.—is described from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. The species has a number of distinctive apomorphic features, including loss of the mid ocellus, reduced mouthparts, Sc short and incomplete, first section of Rs missing, r-m elongated, longitudinal in position, aligned with the second section of Rs (R 5 ), unforked medial and cubital veins, R 4 missing, M 4 entirely absent, gonostyle triangular, with an inner row of elongated spines and a basal, digitiform inner projection. Some of these features are shared with other genera of the Azana- group of Sciophilinae. The shape of the scutum and the strong spines on the gonostyle make it clear that the species belongs in Azana, despite the features that are distinctive from the remaining species in the genus. There are ten species described in Azana to date, from United States, Europe, Sri Lanka, Canary Islands, tropical Africa and Baltic amber. This is the first Neotropical species belonging to the genus. The complete loss of M 4 and the separated gonocoxites suggest that Azana atlantica, sp.n. forms a monophyletic group with the Afrotropical species of the genus. Azana, Morganiella, Neoaphelomera, Neotrizygia, and Trizygia are shown to compose a small clade within the Azana-group of genera. The division of the genus into two subgenera—A. (Azana) and A. (Jugazana)—most probably renders A. (Azana) paraphyletic and it is suggested that this should be for the time being abandoned.


Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of asthma has nearly doubled and now affects 8–10% of the population in the United States. Asthma also remains a major illness in terms of morbidity and suffering, and is the leading cause of hospitalizations in children under 15 years of age. Because asthma poses a lifelong burden to patients and society, efforts to increase the understanding of its pathogenesis are a key factor leading to its control and cure. Consequently, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a Working Group of extramural experts, entitled "Future Research Directions in Asthma," on April 9–10, 2003, to identify research areas of greatest promise and opportunity in the field of asthma. The priority areas identified for research in asthma include: (1) innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and tolerance; (2) mechanisms and consequences of persistent asthma and asthma exacerbations; (3) airway remodeling: clinical consequences and reversibility (clinical relevance and resolutio...


The traditional dispute resolution is not sufficient to solve the dispute caused by internet shopping due to the special characteristics of such new business activity.Online dispute resolution,which is faster,cheaper and flexible,can complement the traditional way.We should actively draw on successful experience from abroad,propaganda the advantages of on-line dispute resolution mechanism under the governmental guidelines in order to promote the construction of such on-line mechanism according to the situation of our country.


Objective
To analyze the effects of femtosecond laser corneal stroma with small incision lens remoral(SMILE), semi-femtosecond laser for my opia operation(FS-LASIK) on corneal and tear film stability in patients with high myopia.

Methods
A total of 85 patients (170 eyes) with high myopia from January 2017 to January 2019 treated in the Second People's Hospital of Nanyang were divided into SMILE group (45 cases, 90 eyes) and FS-LASIK group (40 cases, 80 eyes). The patients were treated with SMILE, and FS-LASIK correspondingly.Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 3 months.The vision, power, tear film stability and corneal stability were compared between the two groups. Visual indicators included naked eye vision (UCVA)and preoperative best corrected visual acuityand preoperative best corrected visual acuity, BCVA. Tear film stability indicators included break up time of tear film (BUT), detection of tear secretion function(SIt). Corneal stability indicators included the thickness of the cornea at the thinnest point of the cornea and the height of the posterior surface of the cornea.

Results
One month and three months after operation, UCVA, BCVA and Diopter were significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Three months after operation, corneal thinnest point height had no significant difference and corneal posterior surface height had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05), and the BUT and S Ⅰt of the patients in the SMILE group were significantly higher than those of the FS-LASIK group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
SMILE and FS-LASIK have no difference in the effects on the patient's vision, power and corneal stability. Tear film stability of the patients treated by SMILE group are higher than that of patients treated by FS-LASIKp.

Key words:
Cornea; Tear film; Femtosecond laser corneal stroma with small incision lens removal; Semi-femtosecond laser for myopia operation


imagine that you have just arrived at a new place that you haven't visited before. At the visitor center you are given a map, and you know you will be able to explore this place by following the map. Reference Guide to Writing Across the Curriculum is such a map with which you will be able to explore all the aspects of writing across the curriculum (WAC), such as definition, history, pedagogical approaches and philosophy, administration, classroom practices, and assessment both at the student writing level and the program level. Extensive as it is, it is not in-depth instructions on how to incorporate writing practice because, as its title suggests, it is a reference guide. Reference Guide to Writing Across the Curriculum is divided into three parts. Part I is "The WAC Movement," which provides a review of theoretical origins from the British secondary education system through the historical development of the WAC movement in the United States. It introduces the key concepts to understand WAC, such as WAC, WID, writing-intensive courses, writing in the professions, and first-year writing. This part also describes the programs from the early stages of the WAC movement to the mid-1980s and WAC programs in K–12 education. It briefly introduces the earliest programs with the names of the schools (both private four-year liberal arts colleges like Central College in Iowa, Carleton College in Minnesota, and Beaver College in Pennsylvania, and public universities like Michigan Technological University and


According to Lowe and Phillipson (2006) the traditional binary division into 'basic' and 'applied' research, have recently been extended to a new category called 'strategic' research, signifying research which is both inter-disciplinary and interacts with research users. Sharp and Dixon (2007) have argued that there are different level of strategic research, signifying different levels of interaction, resource sharing, and joint development of outputs. Drawing on this understanding, this paper considers two user-oriented 'Integrated Urban Drainage' pilot projects conducted during 2006-7, in order to consider what insights these 'not-quite' research projects can yield about the nature of strategic research. The paper finds that the pilots were similar to other inter-disciplinary research projects – except that they were commissioned and partly managed by practitioners. Common dilemmas, for example about the inter-linkages between work packages and about the extent of stakeholder interaction, highlight the increasingly fluid boundaries between the categories of 'policy evaluation', 'policy pilot' and 'research project'. The paper concludes that the concepts of 'researcher' and 'research user' might be replaced with a more flexible idea about 'research stakeholders' whose varied interests in project s require a flexible communication strategy to fulfil a range of needs.


This paper focuses on the freshman year of the Foundation Coalition program at Texas A&M University. The curriculum includes chemistry, English, engineering, math and physics taught in an integrated just in time fashion using technology and delivered in an active-collaborative environment to students working in teams of four. Through our thrusts of integration, teaming, active learning and technology we hope to produce engineers who can solve increasingly complex problems more effectively. Graphical analysis, not generally taught or used by engineering students, has provided the best avenue for integration of graphics into the freshman Coalition environment. Graphical analysis techniques introduce CADD (Computer Aided Design and Drafting) to the student in a manner that reaches graphical fundamentals and at the same time is relevant to topics addressed in other course work. Examples include: graphical solutions to vectors are used to introduce the concept of coordinate systems and scale; and traditional topics in descriptive geometry have been replaced with an introduction to 3D model development. Another area where graphics provides a valuable interface is in developing communication skills. Integrated technical reports, produced by student engineering design teams, include technical content (graded by science, mathematics, and engineering faculty) and are submitted to English.


Background : Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) or known as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a disease with a long course of disease and atheroclerosis occurs along the blood vessels. When the arteries supplying the myocardium are impaired, the heart is unable a pump a certain amount of blood effectively to meet adequate blood perfusion to vital organs and peripheral tissues. This study aims to determine the risk factors for coronary heart disease in outpatient at RSBP in 2021.
Methods : The research design is a descriptive epidemiological study using a cross sectional method. The number of samples was 334 cardiac polyclinic patients who were taken using simple random sampling. The type of data used in this research is secondary data. The tool used in this study is the medical record of outpatient cardiac polyclinic patients at the Batam Management Agency Hospital (RSBP) in 2021, data analysis using the chi-square test.
Results : The result of the analysis were found to have coronary heart disease (60,2%). The risk of coronary heart disease is more dominant in total cholesterol (66,8%). There was no association between gender with coronary heart disease. There is a relationship between coronary heart disease with total cholesterol, P-value obtained is 0,000 (p<0,05).
Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between age, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, history of hypertension, dan history of diabetes mellitus wih coronary heart disease in outpatients cardiac polyclinic patients at RSBP Batam in 2021, and there is no the relationship between gender with coronary heart disease in outpatients cardiac polyclinic at RSBP Batam in 2021.


Although use of benzodiazepines has been associated with risks of cognitive decline, fractures, and onset of drug dependence in older patients, the findings of an analysis of U.S. prescribing of benzodiazepines suggest that many physicians still believe the potential benefits of the medications outweigh the risks. The analysis found that while 5.2% of adults ages 18 to 80 used benzodiazepines in 2008, prevalence was a considerably higher 8.7% in the 65‐to‐80 age group.


Purpose To estimate the prevalence of cataract in the middle-aged urban population and the relation between cataract and metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome components. Methods The survey was carried out in Kaunas City, Lithuania, from 2001 to 2002, according to WHO MONICA study protocol. The ophthalmologic investigation was performed for 1282 respondents (573 men and 709 women) aged 35–64 years. Cataract was defined at slit lamp using LOCS III method. Metabolic syndrome was defined by ATP III criteria. Results Cataract was found in 17.6% of men and 19.0% of women (p>0.05). Metabolic syndrome was detected in 19.5% of men and 25.7% of women (p<0.05). After distribution of persons into 10-year age groups (35–44, 45–54, 55–64), the prevalence of cataract and metabolic syndrome among men and women significantly increased with age. A relation between cataract and metabolic syndrome was found for men aged 55–64 years and for women aged 45–64 years: the prevalence of cataract in men with metabolic syndrome was 1.3 times higher (43.8% vs 32.9%; OR=1.59 [95% CI, 0.77–3.26]) and in women with metabolic syndrome 1.4 times higher (31.8% vs. 22.6%; OR=1.60 [95% CI, 1.03–2.49]) than in persons of the same age and sex without metabolic syndrome. For men aged 4–64 years cataract was significantly related to central obesity (OR=1.80 [95% CI, 1.01–3.20]) and for women aged 45–64 years cataract was significantly related to higher arterial pressure (OR=1.98 [95% CI, 1.21–3.25]), central obesity (OR=1.54 [95% CI, 1.01–2.35]), and elevated level of serum triglycerides (OR=1.86 [95% CI, 1.20–2.90]). Conclusions The results of this study show that the prevalence of cataract in urban women 45–64 years of age with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than in women of this age without metabolic syndrome.


This research aims to identify the potential use of some croplands to complement the conservation of 133 species of primates through 20 countries in the neotropical region, incorporating methods based on the spatial distribution resulting from de cost-benefit ratio. This spatial analysis includes ecological aspects of the species related to their distribution and habitat suitability, also, it takes into account the cost of opportunity of the agricultural uses obtained from the variables: performance, cost effectiveness and cost of production of the crops. Finally, a multicriteria analysis is made to identify the potential of the agricultural areas to complement the non-intervened areas in which the primates are distributed nowadays.


Hands-on projects such as creating a three-dimensional diorama are among the most memorable of positive elementary school experiences, yet they are generally uncommon because these complex projects are daunting to undertake. Therefore, it is important to prepare preservice teachers with the skills to lead children in creating these types of projects. This document is a compilation of preservice teacher work completed during a social studies methods class that assists instructors in teaching students to create unique dioramas. After the preservice teachers had constructed dioramas and assisted elementary students in making their own, they reflected on previous social studies projects from their childhoods and considered the learning outcomes of the current project. Eighty preservice teachers enrolled in a social studies methods course participated in the study. These college students created their own Native American dioramas along with images for furnishing and finishing dioramas of the Native American group on which they focused. The five Native American groups explored through dioramas include the Iroquois of the northeastern United States, the Seminole of the Southeast, the Lakota of the Central Plains, Hopi (and Navajo) of the American Southwest and the Haida of the Northwest Coast. This document provides photoillustrated examples and steps of how to create an intricate diorama from a cereal box, recycled copy paper, white craft glue, paints, images, and common craft items. The cereal box base is cut to open like a book and a model of a Native American home made of recycled cardboard is affixed over a cut-out hole in the cover so that the box opens to reveal the interior of the home. All surfaces are covered with a layer of torn recycled copy paper that is securely glued, coated with white gesso base paint, and then decorated with acrylic craft paints. In the facing inside enclosure, a ceremony scene is displayed. The back of the cereal box features crafts of the Native American group, while the other cereal box exterior sides show foods, clothing, and other cultural Reflection data indicate that preservice teachers recognized the large amount of time and patience necessary to complete a quality diorama and the valuable amount of in-depth learning that results, including a deeper respect for Native American people and greater confidence in teaching these concepts. Therefore, we recommend diorama projects in teaching about diverse cultures (2 tables, 5 figures, 2 photo-illustrated appendices). Preservice Teacher Contributing Authors: Amanda Achenback, Erin Anderson, Kelsey Blattler, Daniel Bartel, Abby Barton, Andy Beringer, Renee Boggess, Lawrence Boney, Emily E. Brincks, Lyndsay Brink, Kellie Burke, Robin Callahan, Ami Claiborne, Renee Decker, Sarah Demers, Katie Deranleau, Traci Edson, Jeanette Fischer, Nicole Freeman, Sandy Friest, Kathleen J. Fry, Samantha J. Fuchs, Steph Haacke, Sara Hageman, Dana Hanson, Jennifer Hedrick, Rachel Ingstad, Brittany Johnson, Sarah J. Johnson, Holly Janssen, Tasha Kauten, Katie Kerns, Jenniffer Konomi, Elizabeth Latta, Kelli Lugo, Cassidy Lang, Kimberly Levorson, Jesse Lyon, Christy Martin, Justin McGuinness, Hailey McQuiston, Preston Meineke, Amanda Melcher, Laura Miller, David Muehe, Abi Nicholson, Jennifer Nicholson, Katherine E. Nietzel, Misty Olney, Carley Paul, Rachel Pecha, Angela Pehl, Danielle Postel, Jennifer Potter, Larissa Pray, Bonnie Rector, Megan Reed, Lesa Rieken, Eddie Rosenquist, Tyler Ruane, Daniel Sale, Alyssa Schaben, Tiffany Semelroth, Stephanie Simms, Stefanie Slothouber, Kelli Snodgrass, Beth Struzynski, Maegan Swick, Natalie Tendall, Allison Thomann, Kate M. Thomas, Amanda Wasylik, Nate Weber, Kevin White, Shelby White, Amanda Whiting, Jill Whitney, Brittney Wiltgen, Erin Yates, Marissa York. Related Conference Presentation Lindell, L. A. (2009). Investigating student growth in spatial, social studies, and organizational skills during a social studies methods project on cereal box dioramas of Native American culture. Second Annual Graduate Research Symposium, University of Northern Iowa, April 1, Cedar Falls, Iowa.


In this work, the efficiency of two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors was evaluated in bench scale, for treating a liquid effluent from coffee pulping. Hydraulic detention times (HDT) were 4.0; 5.2 and 6.2 days, resulting in organic loading rates (OLR) of 5.8; 3.6 and 3.0 g total COD per (L⋅d) in the first reactor (R1) and HDT of 2.0; 2.6 and 3.1 days with OLR of 5.8; 0.5 and 0.4 g total COD per (L⋅d) in the second reactor (R2). The medium values of total COD affluent varied from 15.440 to 23.040 mg O2/L, and in the effluent to the reactors 1 and 2 were from 1.100 to 11.500 mg O2/L and 420 to 9.000 mg O2/L, respectively. The medium values of removal efficiencies of total COD and TSS varied from 66 to 98% and 93 to 97%, respectively, in the system of treatment with the UASB reactors, in two stages. The content of methane in the biogas varied from 69 to 89% in the R1 and from 52 to 73% in the R2. The maximum volumetric methane production of 0.483 m CH4 per (m reactor d) was obtained with OLR of 3.6 g total COD per (L reactor d) and HDT of 6.2 days in the R1. The volatile fatty acids concentration was kept below 100 mg/L with HDT of 5.2 and 6.2 days in the R1 and HDT of 2.6 and 3.1 days in the R2.


The mechanism of the peak drift of exit spectral lines of a grating monochromator was studied experimentally and theoretically. The results indicate that the peak drift is due not only to temperature change, but also to wavelength change and systematic errors. Equations describing the non-linear functional relationship between peak drift, wavelength and temperature were obtained. Based on these equations, a computer wavelength-calibrating program was developed, and an intelligent wavelength-calibrating device was designed for use with a sequential ICP spectrometer instead of the conventional local thermostat or the real-time line-profile method. The sequential ICP spectrometer with the intelligent wavelength-calibrating device (designated the ICP-IWC) was used to analyse various standards. The analytical results were in good agreement with the certified values, and the RSDs of the determinations were about 1%. Compared with the use of the conventional local thermostat or the line-profile method, the ICP-IWC has been shown to be effective; the IWC device is easy to construct and should find wide application.


Engineering and scientific work often requires complex computations of different types that should be carried out on different types of computers on the one hand, but must communicate and support each other on the other. In recent years, the availability of minicomputers and microcomputers and their special characteristics increased their popularity in industry and in research laboratories where they usually perform specific tasks they are best fit to do, but leave a host of other computation needs wanting on account of their small sizes, lack of peripherals, etc. To help solve such problems, and to enable efficient distribution of processing, a network composed of mini and micro computers with the support of a large computer has been built and is described in this paper.


We use rich firm-level data and national input–output tables from 17 countries over the 2002–2005 period to test new and existing hypotheses about the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the efficiency of domestic firms in the host country (i.e., spillovers). We document that backward linkages have a consistently positive effect on productivity of domestic firms while horizontal and forward linkages show no consistent effect. We also examine how the strength of spillovers varies by sector, FDI source, institutional environment (corruption, red tape, level of development), firm's distance to the technological frontier, and other firm- and country-specific characteristics.


Carbon dioxide was released at ground level in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field, and the flux above the crop was measured. The aerodynamic and energy balance methods of calculating carbon dioxide flux underestimated the measured flux by approximately the same amounts. There was considerable variability in the difference between measured and calculated fluxes, and little correlation with meteorological parameters could be found. Differences between measured and calculated fluxes were slightly less with wind orientation across the rows than with orientation parallel to the rows.


Ballad Weekly has certain editorial thinking. This is reflected in the following: it carries forward folk culture, respects the efforts of collectors, pays same attention to works and research, makes the outstanding achievements widely known, spreads the theories of foreign ballads, attaches importance to copy-right, takes questions as guidance, acts as bridge and ford, standardizes the typesetting and so on.


We determined serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotypes in 193 healthy Koreans. We analysed the apo(a) phenotypes by a simplified sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and classified apo(a) isoforms objectively using an apo(a) phenotype standard with a known number of kringle IV repeats. The frequency distribution of Lp(a) levels showed marked positive skew with a mean of 0·143 g/L and a median of 0·052 g/L. Of the 193 subjects tested, no bands were detected in three, and single- and double-band phenotypes were observed in 103 and 87, respectively. Among the Koreans, the most frequent phenotype was S5(39·4%), followed by S4S5(17·1%), S5S5(14·0%), S4(11·4%), S3S5(5·2%), and the remaining phenotypes (13·0%). The calculated apo(a) allele frequencies were LpF, 0·003; LpS1, 0·013; LpS2, 0·010; LpS3 0·048; LpS4 0·198; LpS5, 0·563 and Lp0, 0·165. We found that the serum Lp(a) concentration in Koreans was similar to that of Caucasians, but the apo(a) allele size distribution was shifted toward higher molecular weights.


We demonstrate all-optical techniques for position measurement and localization of moving atoms with suboptical wavelength precision. Spatial resolution of 200 nanometers, with linearity over a few microns, is obtained by the methods which ultimately will scale to yield nanometer resolution limited by the uncertainty principle


Abstract : This report describes the activity in free electron laser research in France, Israel, Italy, and the United Kingdom. In addition, the report lists key scientists and their recent works. (Author)


A discrete cosine transform (DCT) can be easily implemented in software and hardware for the JPEG and MPEG formats. Recently, some integer DCTs (IntDCTs) for lossless-to-lossy image coding have been proposed, but they do not satisfy enough compatibility with JPEG standard. This paper proposes a realization of lossless-to-lossy image coding which has higher compatibility with it than the conventional IntDCTs. Our IntDCT is implemented by direct-lifting of DCT and inverse DCT (IDCT) and has high performance in lossless image coding compared with any IntDCT while keeping high compatibility with JPEG standard. Finally, our method is validated by its application to lossless-to-lossy image coding.


We investigate the effects of small static defects in the spacetime manifold. The presence of the defects leads to a modification of the scalar field two-point function in Klein–Gordon theory. We calculate the energy–momentum tensor and discuss the possible mass generation for the scalar field in single and multiple defect spacetimes. We also extend these results to the photon field and show that, as a result of the interaction with the defects, the photon dispersion relations are modified.


The article analyzes the Jewish presence in the Portuguese region of the Beira interior from its origins until present times, where some traditions and memories regarding the Belmonte community have been preserved. It focuses on the Jewish medieval community of Trancoso, one of the most relevant in the region, analyzing its origins in an Iberian context, the biography of some of its members and its importance in the regional economic development. Finally, the irruption of the Inquisition are and its dramatic consequences is considered.


Pyrazole blue 1 readily reacts with primary aromatic amines to give the corresponding adducts 2a-c,with Ν,Ν-disubstituted aromatic amines yielding 2d-e, with dimethyl amine gives 3 and with benzyl amine to afford rubazonic acid 4. α-Amino acids and thioglycolic acid readily reduces 1 to give 2i. It behaves as a diene to give 6 and as a dienophile yielding 8a,b and lOa-c in DielsAlder cycloaddition. Westoo and others" reported that 1 reacts smoothly with active methylenes and Grignard reagents through a 1,4-addition process across one of the carbonyl groups. Pyrazole blue 1 was prepared according to our modified procedure. The aim of our work was to study the scope and limitation of the reactions of 1 with other reagents such as amines, phenols, thiophenols, water, amino acids and thioglycolic acid. Thus, boiling an equimolar mixture of primary aromatic amines and 1 in dry benzene gave the corresponding adducts 2a-c in moderate to excellent yields (50-96%). However, 1 reacted with 10 fold excess of Ν,Νdisubstituted aromatic amines in ethanol at room temperature to afford 2d ,e in a fairly good yield (56%) together with unidentified decomposition products. The structures of 2a-e was assigned on the basis of spectral and analytical data. It is believed that compounds 2a-e are obtained via a 1,4-addition process across one of the carbonyl groups. On the other hand, stirring of 1 with 10 fold excess of dimethyl amine in absolute ethanol for 5 days at ambient temperature gave 77% yield of 3. The structure of 3 was established on the basis of its spectral and analytical data. There is further supporting evidence, thus 3 was authentically prepared by the reaction of the diketone 5 and dimethyl amine. Interestingly, stirring a mixture of 1 (1 mmol) and benzyl amine (10 mmol) in ethanol at room temperature for 30 minutes afforded rubazonic acid 4 8 in a good yield (72%). We believe that the diketone 5 is obtained in situ as an intermediate (Scheme), which in turn reacts with benzyl amine to give 4. We reported recently that 5 reacts readily with α-amino acids and amines to give 4 . Similarly, 1 reacted with phenol and thiophenol yielding 2f and 2g in 48% and 51% yields respectively. However, boiling 1 with aqueous ethanol gave 2h in a 77% yield. Surprisingly, boiling an equimolar mixture of 1 and α-amino acid, e.g., glycine, alanine, serine, valine, threonine and phenylglycine in glacial acetic acid for 1 hour gave 2i in 72%, 68%, 65%, 61%, 63% and 69% yields respectively. On the other hand, refluxing 1 with 2 fold excess of thioglycolic acid in dry benzene for 5 hours yielded 52% of 2i. The structure of 2i was established on the basis of its spectral and analytical data. It was also confirmed by the preparation of an authentic sample of 2i via a different route. It also attracted our attention to study the reactivity of 1 in both normal and inverse electron demand DielsAlder cycloaddition reactions. Thus heating under reflux pyrazole blue 1 with an excess of ethyl vinyl ether for 0.5h afforded a reasnable good yield (67%) of the corresponding cycloadduct 6. The sructure of 6 was established on the basis of its spectral and analytical data. In contrast, compound 1 reacted with homoand heterodienes as a dieneophile.Thus, boiling an equimolar mixture of 1 and dienes 7a,b in acetonitrile for 0.5h gave 8a,b in 58 and 66% yields respectively. Analogously, 1 reacted with 231 Vol. 3, No. 3, 1997 Addition And Cycloaddition Reactions With Pyrazole Blue Mev Me Ί ι ι — ι i % A C A N ' N Ph Ph Me OH Y N. -NMe-> Τ Ph 3 Me Y N. Ν I Ph -N. Me f r ί N' Ph Me R Η Y 1 Me Ν ^ ^ s N O O N Ph 2 Ph a, R = C6H5NH " b, R = ρ MeC6H4NH c, R = ρ MeOC6H4NH d, R = ρ Me2NC6H4NH e, R = ρ Et2NC6H4NH f, R = C6H50 g, R = C6H5S i, R = H Me Ν Ph 5 h, R = ο ζ ? Ph Me Ph \ ν t> Me ° S / H b ΙΪ Hb V OC2H5 Ph 6 Me. R 2 a , R = H b, R = Me % > o o V N Ph 8 Ph Ph λ .Η Ν-Ar Me ^ Ν o O N Η Ν—Ar ι ι Ph Ph ? a , Ar = C6HS 10 a, Ar = C6HS b, Ar = ρ MeOC6H4 b, Ar = ρ MeOC6H4 c, Ar = /> MeC6H5 c, Ar= ρ MeC6H4


Why did Britons get up a play wherever they went? Kathleen Wilson reveals how the performance of English theater and a theatricalized way of viewing the world shaped the geopolitics and culture of empire in the long eighteenth century. Ranging across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans to encompass London, Kingston and Calcutta, Fort Marlborough in Sumatra, St. Helena and Port Jackson in New South Wales as well as London and provincial towns, she shows how Britons on the move transformed peripheries into historical stages where alternative collectivities were enacted, imagined and lived. Men and women of various ethnicities, classes and legal statuses produced and performed English theater in the world, helping to consolidate a national and imperial culture. The theater of empire also enabled non-British people to adapt or interpret English cultural tradition through their own performances, as Englishness became also a production of non-English peoples across the globe.


THE condition of lymphosarcoma is not uncommon in the upper respiratory tract. It occurs in the nasopharynx, pharynx and tonsil, and it has been reported as occurring in the frontal sinus (Lachman (1946)), but I have found no specific reference in the available literature to cases where it has originated in the ethmoid. The case reported here may be of interest for this reason, and also because of some of the peculiar features which were displayed. Reticulosarcoma, of which lymphosarcoma is a variety, is closely allied to the group of diseases considered under the heading of the reticuloses, and it may be impossible on histological grounds to draw a line of distinction between them. One difficulty in discussing these diseases arises from the fact that various workers in this complex field have evolved their own classifications and conceptions of the conditions and their relations to each other. A systematic classification was presented by Robb-Smith (1938) in which the criterion of classification depended on the various cell-types of the reticuloendothelial system chiefly involved in the hyperplasia. He included reticulosarcoma in a similar classification depending upon the type of cell into which the tumour differentiated, and including lymphosarcoma under a sub-heading in the group of tumours which differentiate to form haemic cells. Robb-Smith defined reticulosis as a progressive hyperplasia of reticular tissue with differentiation to one or more cell types, and pointed out that it is commonly systematized, that is to say, tissues throughout the body which are homologous to those which are involved in the presenting lesion become affected independently in response to the same unknown stimulus, and dissemination by embolism as proved by the demonstration of emboli in blood vessels is rare. In discussing reticulosarcomata he noted that only a limited amount of lymphoreticular tissue may show malignant change which may or may not be associated with generalized progressive hyperplasia, while in other cases the malignant change is diffuse and appears to consist of multicentric foci of malignancy rather than a primary site with metastatic spread. In either type, however, true embolic metastases, as shown by emboli within blood vessels, may be present in addition. If these views are accepted, the possibility must be considered that some of the other tumours found at autopsy in this case might have been due to such multicentric primary foci arising as a result of a common constitutional cause. The clinical diagnosis at first lay between malignancy and a subacute inflammatory condition, possibly a periorbital abscess, and an interesting feature was that from the tissue taken at biopsy it was impossible to say whether the condition was due to inflammation, tumour or one of the reticuloses. The condition of reticulosis, especially of the lymphatic type, may be exceedingly difficult to differentiate from lymphosarcoma, especially where the material examined is small in amount as in the case of a single lymph node


More than fifteen years ago clinicians' saw the introduction of a new form of noninvasive respiratory support now commonly known as Nasal High Flow (NHF) therapy. Today this therapy is used throughout hospitals and in the home settings. This therapy was designed for use within conjunction with specially designed nasal cannula and medical humidifiers. These humidifiers are capable of conditioning the delivered gases, thus fully humidifying (100% saturated with H2O) and heating these gases to body temperature (370°C). Consequently, the discomfort and drying of upper airway mucosa seen with COT is now offset. This therapy had first become a standard of care for infants, children, and preterm neonates with flows of > 2 L/min/kg demonstrating a distending pressure akin to nasal CPAP; and today NHF is in use for adults.


A simple classification as visual or verbal learner is an over-simplification of users' learning behavior. Often readers approach the task in terms of their interpretation of the situation. In this experimental study, readers confronted imagery invoking text with graphic details of surgical actions. Readers were asked to mentally animate the impending surgical action based on text and graphic instructions. Results showed that readers are inclined towards approaching a procedural task situationally and there is insignificant correlation between readers' range of preferences for text or graphics in a scale and actual accuracy with imagery invoking text types. Further, there is insignificant correlation between specific situational behaviors and actual accuracy. Results show that for complex dynamic procedures, readers' behavior might not be fully predictable within a specific domain. However, some significant results still indicate that systematic use of imagery-invoking survey text and graphics can help technical writers to a limited extent in understanding if there is any justifiable pattern in the way all individuals process complex procedural information.


The issue of statelessness poses problems for the statist (or nationalist) approach to the philosophy of immigration. Despite the fact that the statist approach claims to constrain the state's right to exclude with human rights considerations, the arguments statists offer for the right of states to determine their own immigration policies would also justify citizenship rules that would render some children stateless. Insofar as rendering a child stateless is best characterized as a violation of human rights and insofar as some states have direct responsibility for causing such harm, the problem of non-refugee stateless children points to greater constraints than most statists accept on states' right to determine their own rules for membership. While statists can ultimately account for the right not to be rendered stateless, recognizing these additional human rights constraints ultimately weakens the core of the statist position.


In this work, the use of an undercover conversational agent, acting as a participative student in a synchronous virtual reality distance learning scenario is proposed to stimulate social interaction between teacher and students. The outcome of an exploratory user study indicated that the undercover conversational agent is capable of fostering interaction, relieving social pressure, and overall leading to a more satisfactory and engaging learning experience without sacrificing learning performance.


The objective of this study was to evaluate biomechanically and histologically the effectiveness of different surfaces-specifically, smooth, textured, and plasma-sprayed porous surfaces-on titanium implants in achieving stable fixation for total joint replacements. Hollow cylindrical metal plugs (5 to 6 mm in diameter) with different surfaces were implanted in the femora of two dogs. After five months of implantation, pull-out tests were carried out on these cylinders. The ultimate shear strengths were 11.54 ′ 2.96, 3.17 ′ 0.81, and 1.04 ′ 0.32 N/m 2 for the plasma-sprayed, textured, and smooth surfaces, respectively. As expected, the smooth cylinders showed the minimum pull-out strengths and the porous-coated ones the maximum. Histological examination showed maximum bony ingrowth in the plasma-sprayed group and moderate growth in the textured group. Our results suggest that a textured surface or a porous coating (plasma spray) on titanium implants could significantly improve the long-term stability of uncemented total joint replacements.


Summary. The re-test stability of the Wechsler Individual Scale for Children was assessed on a small group of psychiatric patients. The reliability coefficients obtained after a six-month interval were satisfactorily high but significant practice effect increases were detected on the Performance and Full-Scale scores. Some of the WISC subtests yielded very poor reliability coefficients. No evidence of an association between intelligence test scores and change in psychiatric condition was obtained.


GASH single crystals have been cleaved along (0001) planes and the cleavage faces have been studied by multiple-beam interferometry. The cleavage faces have also been chemically etched and the etch patterns studied optically. By etching a cleavage successively for three different periods it was found that the bottoms of the point-bottomed pits follow a linear etch path. Correspondence both in the etch patterns on matched pairs and in the etch patterns on the opposite sides of thin plates has been established. From the displacement in the etch patterns on the two sides of thin plates, the angle of inclination of dislocation lines has been determined to be about 10°. Intersecting rows of pits forming nodes at which three or four rows meet have been observed. The implications are discussed.


Water is one of the vital necessity or the need for human being and for all living things. This study was conducted to assess the existing and to forecast the future water supply and demand status of the Areka town, southern Ethiopia. A total of 196 households (HHs) were randomly selected and interviewed by using a questionnaire. To collect the required data, interview and observation were used and written documents were reviewed. Data analyzed by SPSS and Excel spread sheet. The town population was growing rapidly, but water production was low, i.e. only 720m 3 /d. This covers only 51.9% of the total population. Additional water production of 26.49 l/s (2288.7m 3 /d) was required to fill the gap. Available per capita water demand, i.e. 11.48l/c/d was small as compared to WHO basic access standard, i.e. 20 l/c/d. The total revenue water and non-revenue water from the existing water production were 525.18m 3 /d and 194.81m 3 /d, respectively. About 48% of HHs got their primary water from existing water supply lines and the remaining 52% got their primary water from non-connected sources. In order to narrow the supply and demand gap, expansion of water supply services and additional water sources should be provided.


Patients with coronary artery disease have multiple co-morbids that include dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and physical inactivity. It has been seen that depression is another issue in these patients that need close attention. Studies have shown that it affects between 20% and 40% in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and have a higher prevalence than in general population.1 One of the study done by SS Bokhari et al.2 has shown a point prevalence of depression in CAD as 37% (31.3% males and 53.8% females).
Numerous studies have shown that patients with CAD and depression have poor health outcomes.3 Depression in different aspects in Pakistani population after myocardial infarction,4 after PCI5 and in in-hospital patients with CAD6 were evaluated and found to have significant mental illness which co-relates with the results of other international studies.
Keeping all the research studies American Heart Association wrote a scientific statement and endorsed depression as a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality.7 Importance of depression screening as a part of myocardial infarction protocol for caring patients with Ischemic Heart Disease was seen in TRIUMPH trial (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocordial Infarction Patients Health Status)8  ENRICHD Trial (Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease)9 use of citalopram or serlatine plus as clinical management was used for depressive symptoms with CAD in CREATE Trial (Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy).10
In Pakistan where prevalent of CAD is high i.e. one in 4 middle age adults,11 managing such patients are numerous that includes revascularization (Surgical and Interventional), drugs and treatment of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Despite all these efforts it's a need of time to focus on diagnosing depression in CAD to improve outcomes. Depression screening should be conducted to identify these important risk factors and treated with drugs in reducing morbidity and mortality.
References

Lett HS, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Sherwood A, Strauman T, Robins C, et al. Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:305-15.
Bokhari SS, Samad AH, Hanif S, Hadique S, Cheema MQ, Fazal MAS, et al. Prevalence of depression in patients with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2002;52(9):436-9.
Jackson CA, Sudlow CLM, Mishra GD. Psychological Distress and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in the 45 and Up Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11:e004500.
Saeed H, Khan F, Mohsin SF, Qizilbash FH, Fraz TR, Jawed Q, et al. Pattern of Depression Among Patients of Myocardial Infarction in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study. Cureus. 2018;10(8):e3199
Mujtaba SF, Sial JA, Karim M. Depression and Anxiety in patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1100-5.
Khan SA, Azhar S, Asad SM, Iqbal A, Kousar R, Ahmad M, et al. Assessment of anxiety and depression in hospitalized cardiac patients of Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Pakistan. Trop J Pharm Res. 2016;15(11):2483-7
Lichtman JH, Froelicher ES, Blumenthal JA, Carney RM, Doering LV, Frasure-Smith N, et al. Depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014;129:1350-69.
Smolderen KG, Buchanan DM, Gosch K, Whooley M, Chan PS, Vaccarino V, et al. Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights from the TRIUMPH Registry. Circulation 2017;135:1681-9.
Berkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, Carney RM, Catellier D, Cowan MJ, et al. Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. JAMA 2003;289:3106-16.
Lespérance F, Frasure-Smith N, Koszycki D, Laliberté MA, van Zyl LT, Baker B, et al. Effects of citalopram and interpersonal psychotherapy on depression in patients with coronary artery disease: the Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) trial. JAMA 2007;297:367-79.
Jafar TH, Jafary FH, Jessani S, Chaturvedi N. Heart disease epidemic in Pakistan: women and men at equal risk. Am Heart J. 2005;150(2):221-6.


The Depository Library Council to the Public Printer was established in 1972 to advise the Public Printer and the Superintendent of Documents on matters relating to the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). The Council consists of 15 members appointed by the Public Printer, after consideration of recommendations from Council, library associations, and others. Members serve three-year terms, with five members rotating on and off each year. Members represent a cross section of the various types of libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program. Throughout the decades of DLC history, law librarians and individuals with strong law library connections have made substantial contributions to the work of the Council. In recent years, interested organizations, including AALL, have been invited to submit to GPO the names of individuals recommended for appointment to Council. The AALL President usually sends the name of one AALL member, after consultation with the Government Relations Office and other AALL entities.


Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of adjunctive orthodontic treatment of pathologically migrated incisors in adults with chronic periodontitis in the maintenance phase following periodontal treatment. Methods: 16 adult patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited, aged from 27 to 52 years. A total of 21 maxillary incisors as test teeth were investigated. A light orthodontic intrusive force, with splinted posterior teeth as anchors, was applied at least three month after conclusion of non-surgical periodontal therapy. The following clinical parameters were assessed before and after orthodontic intrusion, full mouth plaque index (Pl%), probing attachment level with the use of an occlusal stent on test teeth, gingival recession and pulp vitality. Results: There was significant mean gain in probing attachment level for test teeth of 0.66°"1.42 mm, range from -2.2 to 6.2mm (P<0.001). 30% of sites showed a gain of probing attachment level greater than 1mm. There was a significant mean reduction of recession of 0.60°"0.99 mm, range from -2 to 3mm (P<0.001). 47.6% of sites showed a reduction in gingival recession. 20 test teeth (93.7%) remained responsive to pulp vitality test. Mean intrusion duration was 96°"47 days, with wide variation. Full mouth Pl% increased from 17.4% to 29.1% (p<0.05) but 13 patients (81%) showed Pl% < 35% after intrusion. Conclusion: This study showed that adjunctive orthodontic treatment to individual pathologically migrated incisors generally improved the periodontal conditions and enhanced aesthetics.


A single, trapped and ultracold molecular hydrogen ion is an attractive quantum system for exploring various aspects of fundamental physics, such as the determination of fundamental constants and testing their time-independence. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, controlled loading, sympathetic cooling, mass spectrometric identification, and vibrational excitation of ultracold single HD ions trapped in a tightly confining radiofrequency trap using single laser-cooled Be ions for sympathetic cooling. The apparatus can be used also for preparing other single ions, both lighter and heavier than the coolant ion. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


This paper presents results of complexity analysis of four different arithmetic representations for quaternary logic functions. Complexity of a representation is expressed through the number of non-zero coefficients in the expression for a given function. Analysis is performed experimentally over some sets of random generated functions and mcnc benchmark functions. Conclusions about the average complexity of the considered representations are formulated. They may be useful to choose a particular arithmetic representation the best suited for a concrete application of quatemary logic functions.


An optical coherence analysis system using swept laser source, the laser light source is constrained to run in a sweep mode-locked state. This is accomplished by, based on light in the resonant cavity of the round trip travel time, changing the gain and / or phase of the laser cavity to achieve synchronization. A plurality of high-speed wavelength-swept laser light source emits a pulse synchronous with the cavity round-trip time, as part of the nonlinear optical process of red shift frequency. Smooth and stable tuning pulsation and low relative intensity noise related. Additional effect of the mode locking laser level control and stabilize these lasers to a low clock jitter and RIN state, and allowed to grow to addition to the usual short to long wavelength tuning (red shift) in the particular case short wavelength tuning. The laser may comprise a SOA (410), a Fabry - Perot tunable filter (412) as a reflector, and an optical fiber output reflector (405) in (406) to adjust the resonance cavity length.


A method of synthesizing 2-chloropyridine-N-oxide from 2-hloropyridine with H_2O_2 as oxidant and H_2WO_4 and H_2SO_4 as catalysts was studied.The optimal reaction conditions were volume fraction of concentrated H_2SO_4 and 2-chloropyridine being 0.2:1.0-0.3:1;molar ratio of 2-chloropyridine and H_2WO_4 18.5:1-20.8:1;molar ratio of H_2O_2 and 2-chloropyridine 1.3:1-1.5:1;temperature range of 70~80 ℃.The yield of the reaction was over 90%.


1. The epoxy resin composition for use in a composite material reinforced with carbon fiber, comprising at least the following further components [A] and [B], wherein the content of [A] is 20 to 80% (wt.), and the content of [B] is 10 to 50% (wt.) based on 100% (wt.) of the total amount of mixed epoxy resins; where [A] is an epoxy resin having one or more glycidyl groups belonging to the amine type in the meta position (meta positions) having the structure represented by the following general formula (1): Chemical Formula 1 (wherein each of R-Roboznachaet, at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 or less carbon atoms, and halogen atoms); [B] represents m is an epoxy resin comprising two or more of four or more ring structures polynomial and having one glycidyl group in respect to the amine type or a glycidyl group in respect of the ether type, directly connected to one of the annular struktur.2. Epoxy resin composition for use in a composite material reinforced with carbon fiber according to claim 1, which further comprises the following description component [C]: [C]: a thermoplastic resin soluble in epoxy smolah.3. an epoxy resin composition for use in a composite material reinforced with carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein [B] is a monofunctional epoxide


In this paper, we have proved that the HDFS I/O operations performance is getting increased by integrating the set associativity in the cache design and changing the pipeline topology using fully connected digraph network topology. In read operation, since there is huge number of locations (words) at cache compared to direct mapping the chances of miss ratio is very low, hence reducing the swapping of the data between main memory and cache memory. This is increasing the memory I/O operations performance. In Write operation instead of using the sequential pipeline we need to construct the fully connected graph using the data blocks listed from the NameNode metadata. In sequential pipeline, the data is getting copied to source node in the pipeline. Source node will copy the data to next data block in the pipeline. The same copy process will continue until the last data block in the pipeline. The acknowledgment process has to follow the same process from last block to source block. The time required to transfer the data to all the data blocks in the pipeline and the acknowledgment process is almost 2n times to data copy time from one data block to another data block (if the replication factor is n).


Now in its second decade, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) localizes changes in blood oxygenation that occur in the brain when an individual performs a mental task. Physicians and scientists use fMRI not only to map sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, but also to study the neural correlates of a range of sensitive and potentially stigmatizing conditions, behaviors, and characteristics. Poised to move outside the traditional clinical and research contexts, fMRI raises a number of ethical, legal, and social issues that are being explored within a burgeoning neuroethics literature. In this Article, I place these issues in their proper historical context. The ethical, legal, and social issues raised by advances in functional neuroimaging are challenging and somewhat distinctive, but they are not entirely new. Earlier methods of body imaging and brain mapping, including phrenology, x-ray, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography, raised similar issues, and perhaps we can use our experiences with these sciences and technologies to help guide current functional neuroimaging policy.


Electroabsorption (EA) spectroscopy measurement on a planar wafer is used to estimate the extinction and chirp characteristics of the compressively strained quantum-well (QW) EA modulator. Whereas the Stark shift dominates the behavior of 90-/spl Aring/ well/75-/spl Aring/ barrier QW, 75-/spl Aring/ well/50-/spl Aring/ barrier structure features absorption edge broadening, and the chirp parameter decreases nonlinearly with bias. The EA spectroscopy results are compared with the characteristics of the modulator in the EA modulated laser.


The aim of this article is to review the standard dictionaries of Old English from the perspective of the evolution from traditional lexicography to electronic lexicography. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Bosworth and Toller 1973), The student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon (Sweet 1976), A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Hall 1996) and The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form A-G (Healey et al. 2008) are discussed with respect to headword, alternative spellings and cross-references, vowel quantity and textual evidence.


America. He also underscores the tendency of the Chinese to insist that there is a clear similarity between Latin America today and China at the time that the Communists there were on their way to power. Johnson regards this as the cardinal Chinese mistake in their assessment of the region. This volume should be of considerable interest both to China watchers and to Latin Americanists. It deals extensively with Communist Chinese relations with an area which is both far removed geographically and one in which perforce, because of the reluctance of local governments to recognize Peking, the Chinese have had to rely principally on party to party relations rather than on state to state relations in establishing contacts and seeking to establish influence. On the other hand, it also does a great deal to illuminate the intense quarreling and factionalism among the parties and groups of the extreme Left in Latin America, which has been much more intense and bitter than many outside observers tend to realize.


The oxidation of six methyl aryl ketones by acid permanganate has been studied, in the presence of fluoride ions. The products of the oxidation are formaldehyde and the corresponding benzoic acids.The oxidation is first order with respect to each the ketone, the oxidant and hydrogen ions. The reaction rate increases sharply with the increase in the amount of acetic acid in the solvent. The oxidation of acetophenone exhibits the kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD = 4.60 at 30°C. The solvent isotope effect is given by k(D2O)/k(H2O) = 5.03. The acid-catalysed enolization rate of the ketones has been measured by the bromination method. The activation parameters for both the oxidationand enolization reactions have been evaluated. The oxidation is slower than the acid-catalysed enolization. The relative rates of the oxidation are proportional to the relative rates of enolization.These results coupled with the magnitude of the solvent isotope effect suggest that the enol form of the ketone is involved in the oxidation process. A possible mechanism has been suggested.


To determine the efficacy and safety of intra‐cardiac lidocaine administration to induce fetal demise before second‐trimester medication abortion in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.


The article examines the issues of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects implemented in the social sphere, specifically, approaches to decision-making on the inclusion of such projects in the state targeted investment programs on the basis of their social significance. We explored methodological aspects of evaluating investments directed to the implementation of state targeted programs that are designed to develop social and cultural sphere. The importance of the development of the public sector of the economy and the need for effective use of budget investment resources for this purpose are confirmed. The article provides a justification for the expediency of directing public investment in the form of capital investments in municipal property. The research studied the methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investment used in the framework of the state target program. The article provided an example of calculating the integral indicator of social efficiency of an investment project related to education and culture.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: proposed system comprises electrically driven high-pressure fuel feed pump and mechanically driven two-stage high-pressure rotary pump with fuel extraction behind each stage, both being arranged in main line. This system incorporates also a two-position device to communicate said pumps with the main combustion chamber and augmenter via proportioners. High-pressure pump electric drive, said two-position devices and proportioners are connected with control system. Control system controls fuel feed in total fuel feed to engine to change said two-position device over to position whereat electrically drive high-pressure pump is communicated with proportioners of said main chamber and augmenter in case total fuel feed is lower than preset one. Or in case it is higher than preset magnitude, to position whereat two-stage high-pressure rotary pump inlet is open and first-stage outlet is connected to proportioner of fuel feed to augmenter and second-stage outlet is connected to main combustion chamber proportioner. High-pressure pump drive motor allows fuel control in motor winding current strength to maintain pressure difference at said pump. EFFECT: power savings, lower heating of fuel in pumps, optimised weight of fuel system. 3 cl, 1 dwg


Elongational mixing (EM) screws have recently become commercially available. Elongational flow allows more efficient mixing, particularly dispersive mixing. Elongational mixing reduces viscous dissipation relative to shear mixing. This results in lower motor load and reduced melt temperatures. This paper will present detailed operational data of a 90-mm mixing screw producing cast film and a 130-mm mixing screw with a special barrier section producing filled polyolefin film. Data produced with the elongational mixing screw is compared to a conventional mixing screw. The data indicates that elongational mixing screws allow increases in output and product quality while at the same time reducing motor load and melt temperature. The ability of elongational mixing screws to disperse gels is a particular advantage in film extrusion.


The principle of constancy of light velocity is identifed using its definition on the basis of three relativity effects in this paper. The relativity and unity of space and time are emphasized. It is pointed out that time and space parameters in the same reference system must be used when we calculate the velocity of light pulse.


Steifigkeitseinstellstruktur a transmission cable (12; 13) for a manual transmission in which a transmission cable (12; 13) for transmitting an operation of a gear lever (11) by a driver to a manual transmission an outer tube (14; 16) and in outer tube (14; 16) slidably received inner cable (15; 17), wherein the outer tube (14; 16) is attached at one end to a housing of the manual transmission, and wherein the inner cable (15; 17) , one end of a selector arm or switch arm (38) of the manual transmission is connected by an elastic element (36), characterized in that the stiffness of the elastic element (36) between a pushing direction and a pulling direction of the inner wire (15; 17 ) is different.


Renjiancihua is a book combining Chinese and a western view of taste,but it has some logical problems.Firstly the understanding of context is restricted to the integrity between subjectivity and objectivity,relatively ignoring the integrity between the definite and the indefinite,thus it can't be the masterpiece in theory of context.Secondly,although the distinction between me and no-me employed Shaoyong's saying of Xianwu,it has not been well interpreted,especially when perception confusion arose in engrafting with the theory of taste.Thirdly there is a misunderstanding between grace and magnificence.


We have investigated the evaluation methods for measuring retrieval effectiveness of Web search engine systems, attempting to make them suitable for real Web environment. With this objective, we conducted 'Web Retrieval Task' at the Third NTCIR Workshop ('NTCIR-3 WEB') from 2001 to 2002 [1, 2, 3]. Using this NTCIR-3 WEB, we built a re-usable test collection that is suitable for evaluating Web search engine systems, and evaluated the retrieval effectiveness of a certain number of Web search engine systems. TREC Web Tracks [4] are well-known workshops that have an objective to research the retrieval of large-scale Web document data. Past TREC Web Tracks have used data sets extracted from 'the Internet Archive'or pages gathered from the '.gov' domain as document sets. They assessed the relevance only on information given in English. NTCIR-3 WEB was another workshop that has used 100-gigabyte and/or 10gigabyte document data that were mainly gathered from the '.jp' domain. Relevance judgment was performed on the retrieved documents that are written in Japanese or English, partially considering hyperlinks. By considering the hyperlinks, a 'hub page' that gives out-links to multiple 'authority pages' [5] may be judged as relevant even if these do not include sufficient relevant information in them. 16 groups enrolled to participate in the NTCIR-3 WEB, and seven of these groups submitted run results.


Seg is projected to spend about $250 000 during the current fiscal year to provide members with a useful, attractive, intuitive and reliable Web site, yet the site is likely to generate less than 10% of that figure in advertising revenue. As demand for new and better Web services increases, costs also rise.


To establish the quality standard of Kim Po-Yan cholagogic mixture,the TLC method is used to identify the rhubarb and magnolia in its presciption and HPLC method is to determine the content of honeysukle and capillaris.Results indicate that the TLC is very clear and has good reproducibility without any interference.The peak area of the chlorogenic acid within the range from 0.0156μg to 0.390μg and the enter volume present a good linear relationship.The recovery rate reaches 96.88% and RSD=0.86%.The methods show strong specificity,good reproducibility and high accuracy and it can be used as quality control indicator of Kim Po-Yan cholagoaic mixture.