This research aims to compare the effectiveness of laboratory experiment and computer
simulation methods in the teaching-learning of physics. It can done by testting the difference of cognitive
achievement and science process skills for students who learn physics, on the topic of linear motion, by
using laboratory experiment and computer simulation methods. This topic includes motions along a
straight line with a constant velocity and a constant acceleration.
The research method was a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest experimental group design. It
was conducted in SMAN 2 Wates. The population was all students in this school and the sample was the
X-grade students. The sampling technique was the cluster random sampling. After drawing lots, the X-Agrade student was the experiment group using simulation and the X-C-grade student was the experiment
group using experiment laboratory. Data were collected by using pretest and posttest, based on students'
cognitive achievement and science process skills. Data analysis method to test hypothesis was Manova
(Multivariate Analysis of Variance). Before hypothesis testing, the pre-requisite analysis was done, that is
the normality of data distribution and variance homogeneity.
This research shows that (1) there were the increasing differences of cognitive achievement and
science process skills between students who learn physics on the topic of linear motion by using
laboratory experiment and computer simulation methods; (2) the laboratory experiment method was more
effective than the computer simulation.


Inclusive K 0 and photoproduction has been investigated at HERA with the H1 detector at an average photon-proton center of mass energy of 200 GeV in the transverse momentum range 0:5 < p t < 5 GeV. The production rates as a function of p t and center of mass rapidity are compared to those obtained in deep inelastic scattering at hQ 2 i = 23 GeV 2. A similar comparison is made of the rapidity spectra of charged particles. The rate of strangeness photoproduc-tion is compared with p p measurements. The observations are also compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations and the predictions of a Monte Carlo model.


As an introduction to Site Seeing: Photographic Excursions in Tourism, the central exhibition at the George Eastman House in Rochester (NY) until September 5, 2004. Sean Corcoran, the Assistant Curator of Photography and Associate Project Director, points out that "over 160 years of postcards, slide shows, snapshots, and travel albums are so thoroughly intertwined that it is hard to imagine one without the other." [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Much of the exhibit, which occupies the two main galleries of the museum, calls to mind the "Grand Tour" of past centuries, when the wealthy from Europe and America could swarm over sunlit Mediterranean destinations--usually Italy, southern France, and the fabled Greek islands. As a testimony of their privilege, they would bring home sumptuous albums of carefully-crafted photographs to those who had not yet gone. Those who could not afford such luxurious travels were also offered opportunities to view professionally produced prints of tourist sights. The Eastman House exhibit offers large arrays of photographs that professionals and amateurs alike took of southern Europe. America, and Asia. In keeping with the current Eastman House policy all the visuals on display come from the institution's collection, although the show is supported in part by Muriel Siebert & Co. and the New York Council for the Humanities. The selection of travel photographs on display covers a period that starts in the year after the invention of the medium and extends to the present days. One key component of the museum's vast archive is an early French collection, the Cromer collection, acquired in 1939 by the Eastman Kodak company that loaned it to the GEH from 1949 until 1972 when the title was definitely transferred. The collection grew with the addition of gifts from individuals and institutions, and acquisitions. It is no coincidence, but it is appropriate, that Site Seeing should be on display during normal vacation time. Much of the work in the exhibit was produced by amateurs, whose travel photos were originally intended for family and friends. The pictures generally represent what might be expected: scenes that proved that "we were there." Many vernacular items tended to imitate known work of professional photographers. This juxtaposition of the two categories tends to demonstrate the transition from vernacular to art, although the difference may sometimes be obscure for the general public. A more didactic approach from the creators of this show may have cleared some ambiguity and educated an audience of non-connoisseurs. Some highlights of the Site Seeing exhibit: - "Tracings of the Wider World" offers views produced by etchings. This part of the show also comprises camera-obscura drawings that were converted to dioramas (a technique used by Daguerre himself among others). - Prints made from daguerreotypes, by a tracing and engraving process, of views from all over the world and often reproduced in books. …


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known entity and one with potentially fatal consequences. However, there is very little data in the literature on VTE prophylaxis relative to foot and ankle surgery. The overwhelming majority of orthopedic VTE literature involves major orthopedic surgery, which has distinct differences in comparison to foot and ankle surgery. We review the recent recommendations and studies that may provide useful information on this vastly important subject for foot and ankle surgeons.


Objective To evaluate the value of p504S,CK34βE12 and p63 immunostaining for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. Methods Expression of p504S、CK34βE12 and p63 in benign and malignant lesions of the prostate was observed by microwave SP immunohistochemical method. Results Continuous positive expression of CK34βE12 and p63 was found in the acini and ducts of most benign prostatic hyperplasia, and few cases showed interrupted expression, but p504S staining presented negative reaction; Interrupted expression of CK34βE12 and p63 was found in high prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia cases, and was weekly positive or negative for p504S; CK34βE12 and p63 staining was positive in five atypical adenomatous hyperplasia cases, one case presented focally positive reaction by p504S; CK34βE12 and p63 staining was negative in forty prostatic carcinoma, but positive by p504S;The gleason histologic grading of prostate carcinoma was negatively related to expression of p504S. Conclusion Combined detection of p504S、CK34βE12 and p63 can be most helpful for diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, especially in needle biopsy specimen.


Reflexivity is a professional requirement of the Adult Guidance Counsellor, with reflexive practice paramount to our work. From 2008 to 2010 I trained as an Adult Guidance Counsellor while working with an unemployed adult client group. During this time, I also journeyed through my first pregnancy. Towards the end of my training, I experienced a crisis, which led to a process of reflection and transformative learning. In this paper, I share personal writings from my learning journey, using autoethnography as a vehicle for reflexivity. Authoethnography is a research method that allows the author to write in a highly personalised style, drawing on his or her own experience to extend understanding about a social phenomenon. My reflections show a subjective change over time to the understanding of my changing self, and highlight the role of autoethnography as a reflexive tool for the Guidance Counsellors' Practice. Introduction We must write about what we really prefer not to write about. It is not about presenting ourselves in a good light – in charge, competent, controlled, organised and so on, or how we might like to be seen. Rather it is about writing rich, full accounts that include the messy stuff – the self-doubts, the mistakes, the embarrassments, the inconsistencies, the projections and that which may be distasteful. It is about writing all of it. Tenni, Smyth, Bochner, (2001:4) 'My Story...' On November 4th 2008, the world changed, as Barack Hussein Obama became the first African American to be elected as president of the United States of America. I lay on my bed watching the TV footage for hours, unable to sleep, late into the night. 'Change', the reporters kept telling me, 'Change has come'!


Context: The rhizome of Wikstroemia indica (L.) C. A. Mey (Thymelaeaceae) is widespread in China which has been widely used in China as folk medicine for the treatment of syphilis, arthritis, whooping cough, and cancer. Due to its multiactivities, its extract has an attractive potential as a promising natural agent in the pharmaceutical industries. Objective: Aims of this study were to optimize the extraction process of the flavonoids from W. indica, and evaluate its multiple activities. Materials and methods: An orthogonal test design was employed to optimize the extraction procedure of flavonoids from W. indica. And multichromatography and spectroscopy were used to study the chemical compounds of W. indica, while several bioactivity assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities of W. indica. Results: Optimal extraction conditions were determined: ethanol concentration was 60%; extraction time was 60 min; liquid–solid ratio was 16:1 and the power of ultrasonic instrument was 160 W. Four compounds: daphnoretin, chrysophanol, myricitrime and rutin were purified from W. indica, and chrysophanol was identified from this plant for the first time. The extract of W. indica displayed significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Daphnoretin showed a significant inhibition effect on CNE cells and HeLa cells lines at the concentrations ranging from 15.6 to 125 μg/mL, the tendency of antitumor effect was displayed in a concentration-dependent manner. Discussion and conclusions: Extracts of W. indica could potentially be used as a promising natural agent in the pharmaceutical industries.


Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a well-described autoimmune orbital pathology that can result in visual deterioration secondary to lagophthalmos, exposure keratitis, corneal ulceration or optic neuropathy. The course of TED can be divided into an active (dynamic) and an inactive (static) disease phase, and management is tailored according to the activity and severity of the disease. Although active disease may respond to medical therapy and radiotherapy, the treatment of patients with static disease is mainly limited to surgery. Steroids are still considered the mainstay therapy in ameliorating the acute inflammatory signs and symptoms of patients with the active disease. Because corticosteroids are associated with systemic side effects and morbidity, they are not indicated unless moderate to severe symptoms of active orbital inflammation (such as severe orbital congestion, corneal involvement and optic neuropathy) are present. Under these circumstances, treatment is directed at decreasing orbital congestion and arresting disease activity, with the objective of preventing further deterioration of visual function. Whether this temporary improvement with corticosteroid affects the final outcome of the disease is still unknown. Despite the established role of steroids in relieving acute symptoms, no universally accepted standard of delivery exists. Steroids are therefore administered systemically (oral or intravenous) or locally (intraorbital injection). Oral steroids are usually given at a starting daily dose of 1 mg/kg of prednisolone, followed by gradual dose tapering. In clinical studies, approximately 60% of patients respond to oral steroids. However, improvement is usually limited to a decrease in soft tissue swelling and optic neuropathy, without much improvement in disfiguring proptosis or diplopia. It should be remembered that oral steroids require high doses that are not well tolerated and are virtually impossible to maintain without significant complications and an overall decrease in quality of life. Discontinuation of oral steroids is generally associated with a relapse in symptoms and signs, unless a slow tapering regimen is implemented. Periocular and intraorbital injection of steroid are another treatment modality in patients with TED. The steroid is usually injected inside the septum near the orbital rim. As with oral steroids, periocular injections should be repeated several times before the desired therapeutic effect is achieved. A number of studies have found varying levels of success with the use of such therapy. Marcocci et al. compared the difference between local retrobulbar and systemically administered steroids in combination with irradiation. They found that favourable results with local administration of steroids occurred 25% of the time compared with a 60% favourable result rate when utilizing systemic steroids. Although the authors did not find local steroids to be of equal value to systemic treatment, they did notice milder side effects with the local approach. Ebner et al. reported the beneficial effects of periocular triamcinolone injection in diplopia and extraocular muscle size in 20 patients. In their study, there was a series of four weekly injections of 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide into the inferolateral quadrant of each orbit, and no complications were observed. A recent report by Bordaberry et al. showed that repeated peribulbar injection of triamcinolone resulted in reversal of optic neuropathy in 66% of 15 eyes of patients with TED. The report by Alkawas et al. in this issue of the journal is an additional contribution to the literature on the role of local steroids in the treatment of TED. The authors designed a prospective randomized study to evaluate the outcome of peribulbar triamcinolone orbital injection versus oral prednisolone in patients with TED. Both groups showed improvement in symptoms and clinical evidence of inflammation with improvement in ocular movements and proptosis. There were almost no systemic side effects (body weight, blood sugar, blood pressure and gastritis) in the locally injected group. Although only 12 patients were included in each of the two groups, this study still provides valuable information on the efficacy of these treatment modalities, and supports the use of periocular steroids in active TED. Although injection of orbital steroids is usually safe, potential risks include skin depigmentation, intractable elevated intraocular pressure, ptosis, globe perforation, corneoscleral or conjunctival melting, retinal artery occlusion from embolization or pressure-induced optic nerve compression, worsening of proptosis and fat atrophy. However, as Goldberg also noted, most of these complications have been reported after injection into the posterior sub-Tenon space, and it is conceivable that paying attention to the injection technique and placing the injection more anteriorly in the orbit would substantially decrease the complication rate. The most dreaded complication of periorbital steroid injection is central retinal artery occlusion; however, this seems to be a rare complication and is primarily associated with injections into capillary haemangiomas. The current report by Alkawas et al. joins several other small scale studies that evaluate the role of locally injected steroids in TED or other inflammatory orbital processes. Because TED is a heterogeneous disease with a tendency for spontaneous improvement, it is quite difficult to measure the efficacy of such treatments. Although the majority of these studies advocate using orbital injections Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2010; 38: 657–658 doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02384.x


Steam power station design is almost an art rather than a science. Whilst general rules exist, design is generally a combination of technology, economics, and experience. The paper describes the layout of a 1 000 MW power station being built at Huntly and the type of equipment to be installed. Some of the many options facing the design team are outlined, together with the reasons for the decisions which were made.


Many current tree genetic trials are only suited for a general purpose ranking of genetic entries on a single site. Variance components and genetic estimates from trials with damaged trees, outliers, competition, and microsite effects will often be seriously inflated and have large standard errors. Most trials will encounter one or more of these problems. New robust techniques, spatial analysis, and inclusion of covariates may ameliorate the analysis situation somewhat, but a more rigorous definition of objectives and hypotheses are needed in the design phase to produce results that can prove the value of tree improvement efforts. A better understanding of the deployment "environment" is a prerequisite for more biologically oriented genotype × environment analyses.


We present a theoretical investigation of efficient second harmonic generation in the cubic lattice-matched N-doped Si/GsP multiple quantum well system integrated in a strip waveguide in the silicon-on-insulator platform. A "giant" second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is obtained in an asymmetric coupled quantum well (ACQW) stack by engineering the 1-2 and 1-3 inter-subband spacings for resonance at both a ∼4 μm pump wavelength and a ∼2μm harmonic wavelength. Generation has been simulated as a function of the quantum well physical parameters, the infrared absorption losses, and the detuning from the double resonance condition. For TM pumps at 3.75 μm and 4.24 μm, a ${\boldsymbol{\chi }}_{{\bm{zzz}}}^{(2)}$ value ranging from 7.73 × 103 pm/V to 1.13 × 104 pm/V has been calculated and a maximum conversion efficiency ranging between 1.23%/W and 1.68%/W has been obtained, where the waveguide coherence length was 5.57 μm and 6.16 μm.


ABSTRACT This paper provides the first detailed description of the only known postcranial skeletal elements of "Miacis" uintensis. The morphology of the skeleton differs markedly from previously described "miacids" (a paraphyletic assemblage of early fossil carnivoramorphans), invalidating the notion that all "miacids" were very similar in their postcranial morphology and locomotor styles. The majority of the differences indicate an animal less well adapted to an arboreal lifestyle than has been inferred for other early "miacid" carnivoramorphans. A phylogenetic analysis clearly nests "Miacis" uintensis within the paraphyletic array of taxa previously referred to as the "Miacidae," in a position closer to the crown clade Carnivora than is Vulpavus, a "miacid" whose postcranium has been previously described. When compared with the early canid Hesperocyon, this specimen shares many features thought to relate to the acquisition of a more terrestrial mode of life. This result indicates that, in contrast to prior models suggesting arboreality for all "miacids," at least one independent 'descent from the trees' occurred much earlier within the array of stem carnivoramorphan taxa.


Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of hIL-24 gene and its products on B16 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods rhIL-24 protein and pcDNA3.0-hIL-24 were used to treat B16 cells in vitro and the tumors in C57/BL6 mouse after B16 cells injection. MTT, flow cytometry and FACS analysis were used to examine the results,and pathological methods were used to check the tumors.Results rhIL-24 protein could strongly suppress the growth of B16 cells, induce its apoptosis in vitro. rhIL-24 protein and pcDNA3.0-hIL-24 could suppress the growth of the B16 cells' tumors. Conclusion The rhIL-24 protein and pcDNA3.0-hIL-24 could perform its biological functions in vitro and in vivo in suppressing the growth of B16 cells and its tumors and induceing its apoptosis and differentiation.


We present a new approach to representing coalitional games based on rules that describe the marginal contributions of the agents. This representation scheme captures characteristics of the interactions among the agents in a natural and concise manner. We also develop efficient algorithms for two of the most important solution concepts, the Shapley value and the core, under this representation. The Shapley value can be computed in time linear in the size of the input. The emptiness of the core can be determined in time exponential only in the treewidth of a graphical interpretation of our representation.


How do policy issues reach the political agenda? This question has received ample scholarly attention over the last decades, yet only recently have researchers explicitly examined the ways in which the agendas of political parties and media interact. This study builds on this ongoing work to examine how the conflict among parties in terms of the policy stances they propose (positional conflict) and the frames they attach to policy issues (discursive conflict) affect media attention. By focusing on party debates on European integration in British, Dutch and German election campaigns between 1987 and 2006 and employing a pooled time-series analysis, the study shows that both positional and discursive conflict among parties boost media reporting on issues. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the dynamics of media attention in relation to particular policy issues, as well as the way in which parties and media interact within election campaigns.


Analytical expression was deduced for magnetic field distribution of permanent magnet lifting equipment based on equivalent magnetic charge, and the image of the analytical expression drawed by Matlab.Experiment was performed on a kind of lifting equipment, and the pulling force with rotation angle obtained, certifying the calculation method. At last, by using 2-D transient magnetic field analysis module in Ansoft the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet lifting equipment and pulling force with rotation angle was analysed. This research is of reference to magnetic field calculation and circuit design of permanent magnet equipments.


ii This page intentionally left blank iii FOREWORD This report summarizes the technology transfer activities and achievements of the Department of Commerce's Federal laboratories for fiscal year (FY) 2009. At the Department of Commerce, technology transfer is a significant part of the mission and program activities of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration's (NTIA) Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS). Accordingly, this report focuses on the activities of those three agencies. This report responds to the statutory requirement for an annual " agency report on utilization, " (15 U.S.C. Section 3710(f)) under the revised Federal-wide reporting process established by the Technology Transfer Commercialization Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-404). All Federal agencies that direct one or more Federal laboratories or conduct other activities under Section 207 and 209 of Title 35, United States Code are subject to the requirements of this statute. The major sections of this report are organized to summarize the respective agencies' technology transfer approaches and plans, and to provide specific information about the agencies' activities and accomplishments for FY 2005 through FY 2009. The report begins with a summary of this information for the Department of Commerce as a whole. This report has been organized and prepared with the joint participation of technology transfer personnel at NIST, NOAA, and ITS. An electronic version of this report and versions from previous fiscal years are available online at


The researches as performed on seven counties from Transylvania area in order to establish the number of exploitations destined for breeding cows and heifer in the 30 April 2007, of which: nucleus of cows and heifers. The size of the exploitations for bovine rearing structured by sizes was also analyzed from 1-2 heads, 3-5 heads, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-30, 31-50, 51-100 and over 100 heads. Table 1 The cow and heifers farm sizes in seven counties from Transyilania


Unlike classical linear-iterative solution, in this paper, we derived an algebraic solution to the multi-system satellite navigation equations, especially for double-system and triad-system. In our solution, the direct variables are reference satellite-receiver-ranges. By this way, we can solve the problem of converging to the wrong solution in conventional solution, which performs based on range-direction-cosine matrix when the initial assumed position is chosen difficultly in some special situation(such as space application). Simulation indicates that our solution can not only work well in space application, but also has the same precision as the conventional in earth-bounded situation.


MA Sadat, S Moir, TW Chun. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(17):1615–1625

The goal of this study was to elucidate viral resistance despite immunodeficiency in a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIb.

The study subjects were 2 siblings presenting with multiple neurologic complications and a paradoxical immunologic phenotype characterized by severe hypogammaglobulinemia but limited clinical evidence of recurrent severe infections.

An 11-year-old …


Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) usefulness is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. In the present study the protective effects of ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum (EPEPG) against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats was investigated. We studied the effect of ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum (100 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) and vitamin E as reference standard drug on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity by testing the heart weight/body weight ratio, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. The biochemical parameters, which were measured in the blood were blood glutathione, creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and in heart were, tissue glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in all the animals. Before and after treatment with (EPEPG, 100 mg/kg) reduced the activity of both creatine kinase (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes, and significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). It also increased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in tissue and blood glutathione. Histopathological examination of heart tissue showed that treatment (before and after) with (EPEPG) ameliorated the effect of DOX administration on cardiac tissue; cardiac myocytes looked more or less similar to those of control. The above observations suggest that DOX induced cardiotoxicity occurs due to oxidative stress and ethanolic peel extract of Punica granatum has produced cardio protective activity.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine mounting unit for mounting a game machine such as a Pachinko machine to a frame-shaped island (a base frame for setting) on the upper side, applicable to a machine frame of dimensions exceeding adjustable ranges for the mounting position and mounting angle of an adjusting mechanism. SOLUTION: The game machine mounting unit has the adjusting mechanism 2 for adjusting the mounting position and mounting angle of an upper plate Ba of the machine frame B of the game machine. An attachment 23 for extending the length of the adjusting mechanism 2 in the direction of adjustment is detachably attached to the adjusting mechanism 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


Bren Gun Carrier demonstration at the General Motors plant in Petone, Wellington, circa July 1942, during a Parliamentary inspection of the plant. Photograph taken by a Evening Post staff photographer.
Source of descriptive information - Letter inside PAColl-4161-01-022-02.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 16.1 x 21.2 cm


ABSTRACT: Eight cooked chuck muscles were subjected to Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force analysis in phase I of the study to choose the cooking methods and temperature combinations suitable for descriptive sensory analysis in phase II. WBS force analysis was unable to discriminate (P > 0.05) cooking and temperature combinations among various muscles. Nine chuck muscles were then subjected to cooking by grilling, roasting, and braising to an internal temperature of 63°C and 77°C. A panel of 10 trained judges performed the descriptive analysis of the cooked chuck muscle steaks. Grilling, under medium rare conditions, was most suitable for the chuck muscles because it yielded more juiciness and roasted flavor than any other cooking method/temperature combinations.


Based on documentation,experimental approach to the Nanjing Institute of Physical Education elective courses directional movement of the Department of Physical Education and Sports of 81 male undergraduate students as a sample,divided into experimental and control groups,through 18 hours of teaching experiments,The results showed that:As the design and application of targeted technical assistance tends to practice the reasons for the experimental group,the achievements of outstanding students to rate significantly better than the control group of students.Results of a change in the teaching process,the repeated use of supplementary exercises to consolidate and form,that is,secondary and field calibration map similar to reach the goal set at the direction of proprioception.Enable learners to master directional bias aimed at technical skills,improving teaching effectiveness.


Purpose – This research seeks to identify the specific leadership competencies required for implementing Total Quality Management (TQM); to examine the influence of leadership competencies for implementing individual TQM principles; and to examine the relationship of the TQM implementation principles with TQM outcomes among the Thai manufacturing companies with different levels of leadership competencies.Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from 265 ISO 9000‐certified companies in the Thai manufacturing industry to examine the validity and reliability of the leadership competencies construct; nine TQM implementation constructs (top management commitment, supplier quality management, continuous improvement, product innovation, benchmarking, employee involvement, reward and recognition, education and training, and customer focus); and one outcome construct (product quality). The findings are cross‐validated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Step‐wise regression methods have been use...


Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to obtain molecular level insights on the behavior of Cs+/Na+ ions at the water–ionic liquid and water–octanol interface in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) ionophore with an aim to compare an ionic liquid (IL) to a octanol as receiving organic solvent phase. It was observed that the rate of phase separation for the octanol system was rapid as compared to the IL system. The free crown ethers (CE) were found to be highly solvated by the IL phase. A dual cationic exchange mechanism was observed at the [BMIM]/water interface. The [BMIM]+ cation was found to exchange with both the metal ions in aqueous phase as well as with the metal ion aided by the ionophore. The self-diffusion coefficient of the 1:2 complex (0.07×10−9 m2/s) at the octanol/water interface were found to be smaller than that of 1:1 complex (0.37 and 0.14×10−9 m2/s). It was observed that the surface tension of ILs decreased in the presence of complexes and free CE, whereas the surface tension of water was found to increase in presence of salts (Cs+NO3− and Na+NO3−). The experimentally determined value of DCs was found to be quite high in IL phase (1.595) compared to the octanol phase (0.139) in presence of CE. The kinetics of Cs+ was found to be very fast having rate with values of k1^ $\widehat {{k_1}}$ =1.79×10−12 s−1 and k2^ $\widehat {{k_2}}$ =0.205×10−12 s−1 in IL and water phase, respectively. The present results may help us in understanding the role of diluents in the assisted metal ion extraction but also in the future design of diluents and ionophore.


Perovskite materials have demonstrated great potential for ultrafast scintillators with high light yield. However, the decay time of perovskite still cannot be further minimized into sub‐nanosecond region, while sub‐nanosecond scintillators are highly demanded in various radiation detection, including high speed X‐ray imaging, time‐of‐flight based tomography or particle discrimination, and timing resolution measurement in synchrotron radiation facilities, etc. Here, a rational design strategy is showed to shorten the scintillation decay time, by maximizing the dielectric difference between organic amines and Pb‐Br octahedral emitters in 2D organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP). Benzimidazole (BM) with low dielectric constant inserted between [PbBr6]2− layers, resulting in a surprisingly large exciton binding energy (360.3 ± 4.8 meV) of 2D OIHP BM2PbBr4. The emitting decay time is shortened as 0.97 ns, which is smallest among all the perovskite materials. Moreover, the light yield is 3190 photons MeV−1, which is greatly higher than conventional ultrafast scintillator BaF2 (1500 photons MeV−1). The rare combination of ultrafast decay time and considerable light yield renders BM2PbBr4 excellent performance in γ‐ray, neutron, α‐particle detection, and the best theoretical coincidence time resolution of 65.1 ps, which is only half of the reference sample LYSO (141.3 ps).


The temperature behavior of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetization processes in the tetragonal Nd(FeTi)12 and monoclinic Nd3(FeTi)29 have been studied and compared. Both compounds are characterized by the occurrence of temperature‐induced spin reorientation transitions, as well as field‐induced magnetization processes of different types, which have been interpreted as first‐order magnetization process. In both systems the resultant anisotropy of Nd favors the occurrence of an easy magnetization direction out of the principal axes at low temperature. On the contrary the overall Fe sublattice anisotropy favors the tetragonal c‐axis in the 1:12 and seems to prefer the monoclinic a‐axis in the 3:29 compound.


Embodiment of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for processing a broadcast information. According to the present embodiment of the invention the method according to the broadcast information processing comprising: receiving broadcast information, the broadcast information includes information for synchronizing the content of the scene, and the program of the program, the content comprises content information indicating the scene; in accordance with the target corresponding to the scene content information, association information is determined for the target scene; and playback-related information for the target scene. Using the solution according to an embodiment of the present invention can improve the accuracy of a recommendation to the user in case of broadcast information.


In computer-aided orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to establish a 3D model of the teeth and alveolar bone. Segmenting the teeth and alveolar bone from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is the primary step of reconstructing the model. However, previous studies mainly focused on the segmentation and reconstruction of teeth, and the research on alveolar bone segmentation is very rare. Different viewpoints of oral CBCT images provide complementary information. This paper proposes a multi-view information fusion method to realize the segmentation of teeth and alveolar bone in oral CBCT images. Firstly, for each of the three axes of the 3D data, an individual 2D deep network is trained to achieve coarse segmentation results. Secondly, in order to make full use of the information obtained from different viewpoints of oral CBCT images, a convolution network is used for multi-view fusion. To better fuse the information of different viewpoints, the channel-spatial attention mechanism is applied. Final segmentation is obtained by stacking 2D slices predictions, and the contextual information is added in a post-processing manner through fusing three-viewpoints results. According to the experimental results, our proposed method achieves significant improvements over the baseline.


A low noise ring VCO architecture is proposed in this paper. The new VCO architecture uses a differential CMOS logic. The proposed VCO works at 179MHz to 438MHz by varying the control voltage from 0.3-V to 1-V thus making it compatible for Short Range Devices (SRD) application. Phase noise of −106dBc/Hz is obtained at an offset of 1MHz at operating frequency of 402MHz. The control mechanism in the VCO uses CMOS transmission gates for which it's possible to operate at small frequencies and have small size at the same time. The VCO has been designed using 90nm CMOS technology in Cadence Virtuoso environment. At operating frequency of 402MHz the VCO consumes 309µW of power from 1-V power supply.


X-ray reference powder patterns and structures have been determined for a series of cobalt- and tungsten-containing cubic alkaline-earth perovskites, (BaxSr1–x)2CoWO6 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9). The structure of the end members of the series, Sr2CoWO6 and Ba2CoWO6, were tetragonal and cubic, respectively, agreeing with the literature data. From Rietveld refinements, it was found that when x = 0.1 and 0.2, the structure was tetragonal I4/m (a = 5.60481(6) and 5.62305(11) Å and c = 7.97989(12) and 7.9847(2) Å, respectively; Z = 2). When x > 0.2, the structure was cubic (Fm$\bar{3}$m, No. 225; Z = 4) (from x = 0.3 to 0.9, a increases from 7.98399(13) to 8.08871(10) Å). This tetragonal series of compounds exhibit the characteristics of a distorted double-perovskite structure. The bond valence sum values for the alkaline-earth (Ba, Sr) sites in all (BaxSr1−x)2CoWO6 members are greater than the ideal value of 2.0, indicating over-bonding situation, whereas for the W sites, as x increases, a change from under-bonding to slightly over-bonding situation was observed. Density functional theory calculations revealed that while Sr2CoWO6 is a semiconductor, Ba2CoWO6 and SrBaCoWO6 are half-metals. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of this series of compounds (BaxSr1−x)2CoWO6, with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9, have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File.


The Importance of Learning Slovene within the Educational System for the Slovenian Community in Varaždin County The opportunities for learning Slovene within the Croatian school system have improved. The paper presents the teaching of Slovene in Varaždin County, the demographic structure of the students, their reasons for learning Slovene, and the attitude of the students and their parents towards learning Slovene. The purpose is to find out to what extent the teaching of Slovene within the framework of the educational system contributes to the preservation of the Slovenian community and to the revitalisation of the language. The paper relies on data collected using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show that the children who learn Slovene at school mostly declare themselves Croats. Their initial knowledge of Slovene is poor.


Most organizations rely on strong, effective groups and teams to operate. Many theories and models related to teams and team development exist. However, Tuckman and Jensen's (1977) model of group development is still the most used (Fritz et al., 2005). In this article, we outline the five stages of small-group development (Tuckman & Jensen, 1977). Team members and leaders can use this model to improve their effectiveness (Burns, 1995). In the Leading Teams series, we discuss each stage in depth and provide actions leaders can use to guide their teams through each stage.


might be tolerable if Zinn's commitment had produced any notable insight into the history of the period. Unfortunately, it did not, leading instead to an uncritical acceptance of radical clichds. For example, the protest movements of the sixties are accepted at their own evaluation, and we are presented with a simple-minded morality play in which good dissenters battle the wicked system, with no ambiguity about the rights and wrongs of the case. There is no searching, hard-minded analysis of the origins, conduct, and effect of protest, even though this is what we have the most right to demand from an historian attempting to be truly relevant to the needs of radicals. This failure is just one manifestation of the book's central weakness. Because it was designed as propaganda, not history, it ignores or downplays subjects, such as demographic and economic changes, which should be central to a social history. Seeing American society as virtually static, save for the challenge by dissenters, Zinn is unable to describe, let alone account for, the process of change. Zinn's research does nothing to remedy his lack of original insight. Drawing largely on familiar sources and examples, the book shows no signs of any attempt to examine a significant body of new material. Given this double failure of conception and research the book may be safely ignored by those interested in the history of the period.


A study on the effect of S doping and K+ adsorption to the electronic properties of graphene has been conducted by DFTB (Density Functional Tight Binding) calculation. The supercell of 40 x 40 x 1 configured from the 4x4x1 unit cell of graphene was optimized. The calculation shows that the Fermi level of graphene shifted from -4.67 eV into -3.57 eV after S doping. In addition, the S presence caused the formation of gap within the Dirac K of valence band and conduction band. Meanwhile, K+ charge distribution was dominantly occurred within the S-graphene than the graphene.


Colin Murray Parkes' insights have been shaping the study of grief since the 1960s. I admire him for his willingness to engage actively in the discussion as we attempt to test, refine, reshape, and broaden the work he and his colleagues began so many years ago. His comments on my article, "Developing a Cross-Cultural Model of Grief: The State of the Field," (1999a) contain several strands to which I need to speak. In his opening paragraph Parkes implies that I believe the question to be whether grief is a unitary, universal psychological phenomenon or a purely cultural artifact. My position in the article is the opposite: "There is a constant interchange between cultural models and individual mental models. Cultural models are the objectification of experience over time just as individual cognitive models are internalized cultural models" (p. 169). I conclude the article with a call for theory that is not grounded "in an absolutist insistence on humanity's psychic unity, nor in an agnostic insistence on cultural relativity" (p. 174). Parkes' next several paragraphs are not a "third way" as he claims, but are a spirited restatement and defense of the proposition that attachment theory, as Bowlby formulated it, explains much of the human response to significant deaths in all cultures. Parkes is, thus, on the psychic unity side. Parkes claims that attachment has evolved in humans and some other species because it has survival value. Grief is the expression of behavior that is "goal set" to achieve reunion, and therefore, extinguished when the behavior is not reinforced. Parkes accepts continuing bonds with the deceased as a part of normal grief and healthy resolution (Klass et al., 1996) only as "an acceptable alternative means" of achieving reunion. Clearly attachment theory together with trauma theory yields good research data


This article mainly elaborated through the measurement steps and content,error prediction of construction plan and method,through measuring the questions which should be paid attention to and through the actual deviation test etc.


This paper proposes a novel real-time formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm for multiple fixed-wing UAVs. A formation control algorithm is designed by a combination of the virtual structure, leader-follower, and artificial potential fields methods and harnessing the advantages of those approaches. The kinematic and dynamic constraints of fixed-wing UAVs are considered in the path planning. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined through simulation in Matlab software by applying the translational dynamics of fixed-wing UAVs. Simulations of different complex scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented formation flight algorithm through generating multiple efficient paths, which are fully consistent with the functional constraints of the UAVs in the presence of obstacles.


Abstract The flowers of Tanucetum parthenium cv. Zardband cultivated in Iran were har-vested at full flowering stage (end of June) and were dried by three different drying methods of sun-drying, shade-drying and oven drying at 40°C. The essential oil of every treatment was obtained by hydro distillation of the flowers, and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The oil content of the shade-dried flower was the largest (0.48% w/w) compared to sun-drying (0.27% w/w) and oven-drying at 40°C (0.42%). Drying methods had no effect on the number of chemical components of the essential oil, as 21 components were identified in the oil of every drying method. The major components were camphor, chrysanthenyl acetate, camphene and α- pinene. However the drying method had a signifi-cant effect on the proportion of the various components.


This work investigates the efficacy of multiple-jet nozzles on reducing the noise exposure due to high-speed jet flows that are frequently used for cleaning and other purposes. A conventional nozzle with one single orifice is replaced by one with multiple and smaller orifices with the same combined exit area. It is reasoned that the power of noise generated by multiple-jet nozzles will shift to higher frequencies due to the use of smaller opening dimensions. When the opening of a single-jet nozzle is small enough for the majority of sound power to lie outside the upper frequency limit of human hearing, any frequency shifting to the high frequency will push a significant part of sound energy into the ultrasonic range, thus reducing the perceived noise levels. The noise-generating mechanisms in jet flows vary with the flow rate, resulting in different spectral behaviors. In our experiments, orifice sizes of 2.2mm, 2mm, 1mm, and 0.7mm divided into two groups are tested at various flow rates. The results show that the noise-abating effect of using smaller openings is notable. Although the noise-generating mechanisms are highly diverse over the range of mass flow rates we use, the multiple-jet approach is found to be equally effective for flows ranging from the subsonic to the highly-choked. The results of spectral analysis show that shifting of noise frequency is a plausible option in the control of industrial jet noise. The comparison of overall sound pressure levels generated by 1mm and 0.7mm openings shows that even an increase of 40 percent in sound frequencies can have a significant effect. As for the concern that the multiple-jet nozzles will suffer a drop in thrust, the experiments show that, as long as the total exit area is fixed, no noticeable thrust loss at fixed mass flow rate is observed.


Environment of riverway is changed frequently by nature and human beings.And that is difficult to survery the environment with the general methods.in this paper,processing methods of remote sensed information and geography information system are offered and used to study the changes of the beijiang river.Some macroscopic,dynamic and quantitative results show that landscape of channel,banks and sandbars changed violently due to over-exploiting sand from 1975 to 2002.


Product-line architectures (PLAs) are a paradigm for developing software families by customizing and composing reusable artifacts, rather than handcrafting software from scratch. Extensive testing is required to develop reliable PLAs, which may have scores of valid variants that can be constructed from the architecture's components. It is crucial that each variant be tested thoroughly to assure the quality of these applications on multiple platforms and hardware configurations. It is tedious and error-prone, however, to setup numerous distributed test environments manually and ensure they are deployed and configured correctly. To simplify and automate this process, we present FireAnt, which is a tool for the model-driven development (MDD) of PLA deployment and testing plans. To validate FireAnt, we use a distributed constraints optimization system case study to illustrate the cost savings of using an MDD approach for the deployment and testing of PLAs.


In this paper we obtain in this paper some upper bounds for the quantity Z 1 0 p (t) f ((1 t)x+ ty) dt Z 1 0 p (t) dt Z 1 0 f ((1 t)x+ ty) dt ; where f is a Fréchet di¤erentiable function on the open and convex set C and x; y 2 C; with x 6= y while p : [0; 1]! R is a Lebesgue integrable function on [0; 1] : The case of weight p satisfying the condition 1 Z 0 p (s) ds 1 1 Z 1 p (s) ds for all 2 (0; 1) is also analysed. Some applications for functions de…ned on Banach algebras are also given. 1. Introduction In [3] the authors obtained the following Grüss'type inequalities for functions with values in Banach spaces. Theorem 1. Let F be a Banach space over the real or complex number …eld K, 2 R a measurable set and : ! [0;1) a Lebesgue integrable function with R (x) dx = 1: If : ! K is a Lebesgue integrable function such that there exists ; 2 K with (1.1) (x) + 2 12 j j or, equivalently, (1.2) Re h ( (x)) (x) i 0 for a.e. x 2 ; and g : ! F is a Bochner measurable function such that g and g are Bochner integrable on ; then, Z (x) (x) g (x) dx Z (x) (x) dx Z (x) g (x) dx (1.3) 1 2 j j Z (x) g (x) Z (y) g (y) dy dx: The constant 1 2 in (1.3) is the best possible. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classi…cation. 46B20, 26D15, 47A63; 47A99. Key words and phrases. Banach spaces, Norm inequalities, Grüss integral inequalities, Banach algebras. 1 2 S. S. DRAGOMIR The following dual result also holds: Theorem 2. Let F and ; be as above. If g : ! X is Bochner measurable on and there exist vector v 2 X and r > 0 such that kg (x) vk r for a.e. x 2 and : ! K is a Lebesgue integrable function with g; g Bochner integrable functions on ; then we have the sharp inequalities Z (x) (x) g (x) dx Z (x) (x) dx Z (x) g (x) dx (1.4) r Z (x) (x) Z (y) (y) dy dx r "Z (x) j (x)j dx Z (x) (x) dx 2 # 1 2 : Now, consider the function f de…ned on the open and convex subset C of the Banach space E with values in the Banach space F and = [0; 1] : Also let (t) = 1 and g (t) = f ((1 t)x+ ty) for t 2 [0; 1] and x; y 2 C: Then we can state the following particular case of interest: Corollary 1. Assume that f : C E ! F is continuous on C and x; y 2 C; x 6= y: If p : [0; 1] ! K is a Lebesgue integrable function such that there exists ; 2 K with (1.5) p (t) + 2 12 j j or, equivalently, (1.6) Re h ( p (t)) p (t) i 0 for a.e. t 2 [0; 1] ; then, Z 1 0 p (t) f ((1 t)x+ ty) dt Z 1


This article analyses the employment trajectories of 60 workers in Curitiba, PR region. All the workers interviewed had low scholar levels in regular and vocational education. This people had been engaged principally in the service sector. Their jobs and occupations had been almost precarious, characterized by low-skill requirements, short-time contracts, high job rotation and low wages. Indeed, they have frequently faced periods of unemployment. In the present work market situation, characterized by severe contraction of employments and rise of education requirements, these workers with little formal schooling face high risk of exclusion.


The organization of a locally optimal linear regulator with pulsewidth modulation of the control signal for an electromechanical object (EMO) is considered. In the synthesis of the EMO regulator, a linearized representation of its model is used; this allows real-time control algorithms to be obtained, taking account of the rapidly changing controllable perturbations in the drives. Asymptotic stability of speed stabilization is established for the example of a dc drive with a power filter in the pulsed-converter power source.


To program corresponding algorithm of nerve network model using VFP Database language,the paper realizes the training and recollection of general nerve network parameter and provides one way for the training and recollection of individuality nerve network.Testing procedures achieved the desired results,completing nearly 450 variables computing,which is a neural network training and recalled common system.


Objective To find out about the bone density of populations in Manzhouli,Inner Mongolia,and in Beijing,and to study the living conditions there.Methods The bone density of two groups consisting of 20 males and 30 females,aged 50 to 60,in Manzhouli and Beijing,respectively,were measured using dual-optical energy X-Rays,and the mean crest value of bone density between these two populations was compared and analyzed.Results There was significant difference in the mean crest value of lumbar spines L_(2-4),collum femoris,Ward's area and trochiter.Conclusion The high fluorine content in drinking water in Manzhouli,Inner Mongolia,may be the main reason for the low crest value of bone density for the local population.


The relationship between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nasal symptoms currently remains unclear. Therefore, we herein examine this relationship in 51 adults living in Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, and conducted a 2 month follow-up survey on these participants. All participants were asked to record daily nasal symptoms in an allergy diary during the study period between 1 April to 31 May 2020. We collected air pollutant samples during the study period and determined the concentrations of PAHs and total suspended particulates by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were obtained through the Atmospheric Environmental Regional Observation System. We used generalized estimating equations to analyze the association between pollutant and nasal symptoms. After adjustment for confounding factors, the B values of fluoranthene, pyrene, and Benzo[k]fluoranthene were 2.389 (p = 0.026), 3.744 (p = 0.022) and 9.604 (p = 0.041), respectively, with a one-day lag. In contrast, the B value of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was −6.664 (p = 0.013) with no lag. Collectively, these results suggest ambient PAHs such as Flt, Pyr, and BkF were associated with nasal symptoms in adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the relationships between specific PAHs and nasal symptoms.


An electromagnetic measurement technique is used to augment the characterization and understanding of hypervelocity projectiles before impact. The paper includes a short description of the method, while focusing on its recent utilization for jet particles and gunlaunched hypervelocity projectiles. Data from the applied electromagnetic diffusion technique allowed both size and velocity characterization of particles from 0.5 mm up to 5 mm in diameter with velocities ranging from (but not limited to) 1000 m/s to 4000 m/s. This includes a series of experimental tests for method validation and calibration using light gas gun propelled laboratory projectiles as well as characterization of particles from a RISI Teledyne model RP-4SC small commercially available shaped charge. Techniques for narrowing the detection signal such as electromagnetic shielding and differential sensing enable measurements of multiple particles with separations on the order of 20 mm. Thus, we show that the presented method has potential to enhance ballistic studies by providing an additional technique to expand current hypervelocity projectile diagnostics, increasing capabilities in the area of in-flight characterization of projectiles before and during impact for dynamic material and validation studies. Part of the presentation given in the present paper is taken from a recent publication by the same authors [J. Appl. Phys. 118, 184901 (2015)].


Since one of the merits of flow injection analysis (FIA) is rapid measurement, the time taken for data processing reduces the usefulness of the method. In this study, a personal computer of MSX^ standard system, which has a Z80A- type chip as CPU and more than 8 Kbyte of RAM, with a data acquisition system of -our own making, was introduced to facilitate data processing for FIA; a program written in MSX- BASIC was also developed. This system was applied to determination of glucose in control sera, and the results were compared with those of an analog recorded system. It was found that our 8 bit system had enough resolution for the FIA data processing.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an ascorbic acid compound in a high yield without adding a surfactant by adding an acid chloride to a solvent mixture and lactonizing 2-keto-L-gulonic acid in the presence of an aqueous mineral acid. SOLUTION: 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid is reacted with an aqueous mineral acid in a solvent mixture comprising an inactive organic solvent such as toluene and an aliphatic ketone compound such as acetone to produce the ascorbic acid. Therein, an acid chloride is added to the reaction system. The acid chloride is preferably added in a ratio of 0.01-1 pt. per pt. of the inactive solvent. The reaction is preferably carried out at 40-100°C. The acid chloride is preferably a 1-4C aliphatic carboxylic acid chloride (especially acetyl chloride, oxazolyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene, etc.,). Thionyl chloride is also preferable. The aqueous mineral acid includes hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, and is used in an amount of approximately 0.2-2 moles per mole of the 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO


There is a crucial need to improve our understanding of the potential threats of extreme events, such as the ongoing California drought, on critical geotechnical infrastructure and take subsequent actions in a timely manner to adapt our infrastructure. The need is more pronounced for levees because their functionality to protect limited water resources and dry land is more critical during drought (Hanak and Lund 2012; Vahedifard et al. 2015a). The frequency and severity of California's drought are anticipated to worsen in a warming climate (Port and Hoover 2011). TheMillennium Drought (1997–2009), that severely impacted the economy and environment in southeastern Australia (AghaKouchak et al. 2014a), is often considered as an archetype of an extreme event that California should prepare for. The Millennium Drought significantly affected critical infrastructure like river ecosystems, dry land and irrigated agriculture, and surface water storage in natural and engineered reservoirs (Van Dijk et al. 2013). The event led to significant reduction in production of water-intensive crops (e.g., rice and cotton) by up to 99%, resulting in over 4.5 billion Australian dollars in Federal Government drought assistance and investments in multibillion dollar water infrastructure for improving preparedness and response (e.g., Van Dijk et al. 2013; Howden et al. 2014). The 2012–2015 California drought has been one of the most extreme on record, characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures (Shukla et al. 2015; AghaKouchak et al. 2015). Fig. 1(a) displays snapshots of drought conditions from 2012 to 2015 based on the standardized soil moisture index (SSI) (Hao et al. 2014). As Fig. 1(a) shows, the most severe drought on record occurred in May 2014, and it continues to remain in a critical condition. The severity of drought is in part a result of the lack of snow pack, which affects the overall exploitable water supply throughout the state. As Fig. 1(a) indicates, there is also a shortage of soil moisture, which comes in addition to the water shortages caused by lack of snow packs. Figs. 1(b and c) show the 4-year average precipitation and temperature, respectively. The concurrent extreme low precipitation [Fig. 1(b)] and high temperature [Fig. 1(c)] was estimated to be a 200-year extreme event (AghaKouchak et al. 2014b). This paper intends to stimulate discussions among the geotechnical engineering community regarding the effects of California's prolonged drought on levees in the Central Valley and Sacramento– San Joaquin Delta (Delta). There is a clear gap in the state of our knowledge in terms of structural-scale assessment of levees under extreme drought (CACC 2015). We call for further investigations to quantitatively assess the impact of California's protracted drought on the shortand long-term behavior of levees and also for a timely action to strengthen and improve the resilience of California's levees to cope with drought. This paper discusses, from a geotechnical engineering perspective, how the current California drought might threaten the integrity of levee systems. Catastrophic levee failures and major damages that occurred in similar drought situations are shown and discussed to illustrate the devastating impacts that the California drought might impose on existing levees. Several drought-induced, thermo-hydro-mechanical weakening processes are also discussed. Although the focus of this paper is more on levees throughout the Delta, the drought-induced weakening processes discussed herein also threaten levees in similar conditions in Northern California.


This Special Issue comprises a selection of the papers presented at the Mini-Conference on Broadband Satellite Networking held at the &IFIP-Networking 2000' conference in Paris in May of 2000. This Mini-Conference focussed on networking issues and hence the challenges related to the physical layer (modulation, coding, link budget,2) were not at all addressed. A copy of the "nal program can be found at http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/&cath/presentations.htm. The Mini-Conference featured 14 presentations (including two keynote ones) both from the industrial and the academic communities with most of the presenters and the attendees coming from Europe and North America. A copy of these presentations can be downloaded from the same URL. This Special Issue contains papers from "ve of these presentations. The Mini-Conference occurred at a unique time in the evolution of broadband satellite networking and it is interesting to re#ect how much the role of satellites has changed in the last 10 years. Four di!erent trends have contributed to make satellites an important part of the global networking infrastructure. The "rst, surely the most important, is the ever increasing demand for Internet bandwidth, especially for access. The second is the widespread deployment and the commercial success of digital satellite broadcasting. The third is the increasing importance of the wireless industry, in particular with the emergence of wireless data transmission and the need for quasi-global coverage. The fourth is the need for multicast-friendly infrastructure for supporting an ever-increasing number of new multicast-based applications. While, at "rst, the convergence of these four trends have given rise to a number of ambitious broadband satellite-based proposals from the traditional players, the arrival of new players on the satellite scene, players that do not deploy satellites but use them, has given rise to a new industry. These new players are not the traditional satellite operators and broadcasters who see data communications as a way to diversify their activities but the service and application providers who see the advantages of satellite in terms of coverage, multicast-friendliness and reliability. Their new satellite applications focus on content and how to get it closest to the end user without clogging already busy Internet routes. In view of the importance of content (especially streaming) in the next few years this evolution should only make satellite networks more valuable. Several of the presentations of the Mini-Conference highlighted this evolution and discussed its importance for the future of the domain. Satellites have been part of the Internet since the 1980s, but their use was mostly limited to (backbone) trunking or rather small VSAT LANs providing mesh connectivity. Current digital broadcast satellites o!er data distribution, caching and multicasting using the DVB standards,


In this project, the object for investigation and product development process was the suspension of the extra support axle on Scania AB's five axle trucks. One question for the thesis was to find o ...


Uniformly dispersed PbCrO_4 nano-luminescence-ellipsoidal particles were successfully synthesized with microemulsion solution of Pb(NO_3)_2 and K_2CrO_4 in quaternary warter/oil(W/O) microemulsion system containing water,Triton X-100,cyclohexane and n-pentanol.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the morphology,particle size and structure of PbCrO_4,Infrared ray (FT-IR),ultraviolet (UV-Vis) and fluorescence (PL) were used to research the optical properties of products.


Learning management system (LMS) is a learning solution in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic situation. In addition, the LMS learning media is also a medium that supports education in the demands of technological development 4.0. LMS is an online-based application designed to assist the learning process with creative and innovative material designs. LMS has many types, this time the researcher uses google classroom as a learning medium. The purpose of this research was to profile the application of physics learning using google classroom media at SMK Bodronoyo Jiwan, Madiun. The sample used was class X students majoring in APHP at SMK Bodronoyo Jiwan, Madiun. This research method is a descriptive qualitative data analysis model using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The results of this research explain that the learning applied in class X APHP using google classroom gets a very good response. Obtaining this data states that on average students respond very satisfied, this is explained in 5 aspects, namely ease of access, perceived usefulness, communication and interaction, delivery of instructions, and student satisfaction on the application of Google Classroom in teaching and learning activities.


Different sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative issue that influences the focal sensory system (CNS), saving the fringe sensory system and uncovering its first signs in early adulthood, with a variable clinical course going from a harmless condition to a quickly developing debilitating infection. MS is the most widely recognized infection of the CNS and the most well-known reason for neurological handicap in youthful grown-ups, influencing around 2.5 million around the world, with variable movement and guess. The occurrence and commonness paces of MS shift significantly among locales and populaces, showing a run of the mill latitudinal slope most likely because of hereditary and social varieties. Europe is viewed as a high recurrence region for MS (predominance ≥ 30/100,000); other high commonness locales incorporate the northern USA, Israel, Canada, Southern Australia, New Zealand and Eastern Russia. Constant aggravation, perivenular binding, demyelization, gliosis and neuronal misfortune are signs of the pathology, creating plaque development and tissue annihilation in the white matter as well as in the cerebral cortex. In spite of significant advances in immunology and atomic science, MS is ineffectively perceived concerning etiology and its resistant trigger and causal pathways are generously obscure. Additionally, how etiopathological instruments impact the course of this illness stays indistinct. Studies with attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) have exhibited that white matter injuries correspond feebly with neurological handicap and longitudinal examinations including MS patients have shown sped up dark matter decay as result of dim matter sores. Dark matter (GM) decay corresponds with physical and psychological handicap more unequivocally than white matter decay. Numerous hypotheses have been created, and numerous potential causes have been distinguished: hereditary inclination, ecological components, contaminations, vascular danger factors, and horrible mind injury.


This research was conducted with the aim of examining the physical self-perceptions of individuals with physical disabilities and their motivation to participate in sports. Data were collected from a total of 459 physically disabled individuals, 280 males, and 179 females, using the "Personal Demographic Information Form", the "Physical Self-Perception for Children and Young People (CY-PSPP) Inventory" developed by Whitehead (1995), and the "Motivation Scale for Sports Participation in Disabled Individuals" developed by Tekkurşun (2018). In the research, the T-Test and One-Way ANOVA analysis were used to determine the differences between demographic variables, the Post-Hoc Tukey test was used to determine the differences between groups, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between variables. When sports participation motivation is examined by gender, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation sub-dimensions; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the amotivation sub-dimension. According to the disability type variable, there was no statistically significant difference in the physical strength sub-dimension; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical self, physical condition, sports competence and physical attractiveness. When physical self-perception was examined according to gender variable, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical attractiveness, and physical strength; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of physical self, physical condition and sports competence. According to the disability type variable, there was no statistically significant difference in the physical strength sub-dimension; It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of general self, physical self, physical condition, sports competence and physical attractiveness. Again, age and active sports variables were examined in our research, and different results were obtained in their sub-dimensions. If disabled individuals are provided with a closer bond to society through sports, they will have a stronger physical self-perception and increase their motivation to participate in sports.


In "Watching the Whole Doughnut," the preceding paper, T. M. Whitin comments upon the methodology developed in my paper "Filling Out the Doughnuts: the Single Period Inventory Model in Corporate Pricing Policy [1980]." Basically, Whitin claims to solve for the optimal solution to the problem presented there, and then uses this solution to examine the additional effects of price changes on profitability. Unfortunately, the solution Whitin develops is clearly suboptimal from both a practical and theoretical standpoint.


A new design is investigated for a superfinishing module for freeform machining using magnetic assistance to help discharge dregs from the gap between the electrodes and the workpiece during electrochemical finishing and burnishing. The design of the finishing tool considered in the present study includes an electrode and a burnishing tool. The design of the magnetic-assistance system and the finishing tool are discussed, as well as their effect on the superfinishing processes. The experimental parameters are the initial gap width, the flow rate of electrolyte, the current density, and the pulse period. Different process configurations are also evaluated. Smaller distances between the two magnets or larger magnetic field intensities provide larger magnetic strength, discharge ability, and a better finish. Magnetic assistance can mitigate the difficult problem of dreg discharge associated with high current density, thus enabling a reduction in the finishing time. The average effect of the magnetic assistan...


SUBTITLE: THE AIMS OF EUROPE'S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY HAVE BEEN BROADLY WELCOMED BY THE INDUSTRY, BUT CONCERNS ABOUT SPECIFICS SUCH AS LAND PLANNING AND NOISE MEASUREMENT BRING INTO QUESTION THE WAY THEORY CAN WORK IN PRACTICE.


In order to prevent sulfuric-acid slag from environmental pollution, the test of comprehensive recovery of valuable elements in the slag has been carried out. Through adding active reducing agent the iron can be directly leached out from sulfuric-acid slag under. Then ferrite yellow can be produced. After that, the copper in leach liquor can be extracted with the ternary extractant mainly containing P204, and the gold and silver in leach residue can be recovered by a process of "cyanidation-replacement of Zn powders". The result shows that the process is economically and effectually and the recovery ratio of iron, copper and gold is up to 93.31%, 80.78% and 90.18%.


The embodiment of the invention provides a terminal control method, a terminal and a computer. The terminal control method comprises the following steps of: establishing a communication connection with the computer through a virtual serial port device by the terminal; receiving an AT (Attention) command sent by the computer to the terminal through the virtual serial port device by the terminal, wherein the AT command is used for indicating the terminal to perform specific operations; and executing corresponding operations according to the received AT command, updating a display content of the terminal on a display screen according to an operation result and sending the display content of the terminal on the display screen to the computer for synchronous display through the virtual serial port device, by the terminal. By implementing the invention, a user can obtain the experience for operating the terminal, without contact with the terminal, and the experience of the user is enhanced.


Background:In recent years,adsorption of radioactive xenon by activated carbon has been increasingly applied to the treatment of off-gas in nuclear power project.Though pore structure of activated carbon has a great impact on its dynamic adsorption coefficients for xenon,the concerned research is rare.Purpose:It is very necessary to figure out the relationship between the pore structure and the dynamic adsorption coefficients for the purpose of the selection and development of activated carbon.Methods:In this study,the dynamic adsorption coefficients of xenon on four kinds of activated carbons were measured on a dynamic adsorption platform under the condition of 25℃, OMPa(gauge pressure).And these four kinds of activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and SEM.Results:The results show that the activated carbon of JH12-16 with the specific surface area of 991.9 m~2·g~(-1) has the largest xenon dynamic adsorption coefficient among these activated carbons.Conclusions:The dynamic adsorption coefficient of xenon on activated carbon doesn't increase with the specific surface area or the pore volume. The mesopore and macropore only play the role of passageway for xenon adsorption.The most suitable pore for xenon adsorption is the pore with the pore size ranged from 0.55 to 0.6 nm.


A plasma source operating at atmospheric pressure by continuous or pulsed microwave at 2.45 GHz with a maximum power of 1.7 kW is developed for surface treatment applications. The microwave power is coupled into a cylindrical cavity used as a process chamber. The device characteristics are studied in detail using a simple network analysis and finite integration technique simulations. Experimental results are compared with the outcome of the model. The TM01 mode in the process chamber is found to be appropriate for surface treatment. The results obtained are used to optimize and simplify the device performance and operation. It has been found that the electric field strength, responsible for plasma ignition, and the microwave power coupling into the plasma demonstrate a contradictory course—a maximum field corresponds to a minimum power in-coupled. A set of parameters representing a compromise between stable plasma ignitions and proper plasma treatment has been found.


The paper summarized the creation and development of forest road network theory and typical theoretical models for calculating optimum density A brief review on the research of forest road network in China was taken Main issues in the research field in future were proposed


Seed‐mediated growth of core–shell nanoparticles, which is conventionally performed in a batch reactor, is successfully reproduced in a microfluidic reactor for a facile production of uniform metal core–shell nanoparticles. The proposed microfluidic design is based on the microstructure inversion for achieving multi‐scale homogeneous mixing with uniform nanoparticle residence time. Simulations demonstrate that among the staggered herringbone microstructures investigated in this study, the upper herringbone (UH) structure can rapidly and homogeneously mix multiple‐sized reagents and can also prevent both the irreversible trapping and long residence time of the nanoparticles inside the microfluidic channel. A wide variety of metal core–shell nanoparticles, namely Au@Ag, Au@Pd, and Au@Au with an interior nanogap, are synthesized by using the microfluidic reactor with built‐in UH microstructures. The proposed microfluidic synthesis produces a more uniform shell size than the conventional batch synthesis. This work could significantly expand the practical utility of metal core–shell nanoparticles in a multitude of applications ranging from catalysis to nanomedicine.


The utility model relates to the field of the correcting installation tool of a metallurgy device, in particular to a center correction tool for the back-up roll of a circular furnace, comprising a coil holder (1), a connecting piece (2), a bolt (3), a bushing (18) and a steel wire (181). The utility model is characterized in that the coil holder (1) A set consists of a left support rod (13) and a right support rod (14) which are fixedly connected by a connecting rod (17), and the bottoms of the left support rod and the right support rod are fixedly connected with a left soleplate (11) and a right soleplate (12); a B set is symmetrical to the A set; the two ends of a upper connecting rod A (151) and a lower connecting rod A (152) are respectively welded with the left support rod (13) of the A set and one support rod of the right set; the middle part of the lower connecting rod A (152) and a lower connecting rod B (162) are both sleeved with one bushing (18). The utility model is suitable for the center correction of support rollers which are arranged in a circumference way and the number of which is in large quantity, thus improving the working effect significantly.


A forming method of a semiconductor device includes the steps that a graphical mask layer is formed on the surface of a storage grid film, the surface of a first grid side wall and the surfaces of exposed isolation regions; the graphical mask layer is further located on the whole top and the side wall surface of a logic grid film of a first isolation region; with the graphical mask layer as a mask, a logic grid film of a logic region is etched till the surface of a substrate of the logic region is exposed, a logic grid structure is formed, and after the logic grid structure is formed, the logic grid film located in the first isolation region serves as a supporting grid structure; next, the graphical mask layer is removed. In the forming method, the graphical mask layer of the first isolation region bears supporting action of the supporting grid structure, and therefore in the process that the graphical mask layer is removed, the graphical mask layer of the first isolation region is gradually consumed, the problem the graphical mask layer of the first isolation region collapses will not occur, it is avoided that the collapsed graphical mask layer has adverse effects on the semiconductor device, and the production yield of the semiconductor device is increased.


A significant variation in local time of the flux of electrons of energy E ≥ 40 kev near the boundary of the trapped-radiation region has been reported by O'Brien (1963), Frank, Van Allen, and Craven [1964], and McDiarmid and Burrows [1964]. The magnitude of this diurnal variation generally decreases inward from the outer boundary of the trapping region, becoming quite small in the vicinity of L = 4. In a recent study of high-energy trapped electrons (E ≥ 280 kev and E ≥ 1.2 Mev) at low altitudes, a similar but significantly smaller distortion in the outer radiation cavity has been reported by Williams and Palmer [1965]. These observations of high-energy electrons are for a period of low magnetic activity in October 1963. The E ≥ 40 kev observations cover a period of several months in 1962–1963 which includes a wide range of magnetic activity. In this note the diurnal variation of the outer radiation belt of trapped electrons of energy E ≳ 500 kev is established, and its relationship to magnetic activity is investigated. The results of this analysis show a larger diurnal variation than reported by Williams and Mead [1965], but the diurnal variation appears to be significantly reduced during times of very low magnetic activity. It is found that a notable distortion of the radiation belt exists only when the planetary index of magnetic activity Kp ≥ 2.


The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications for Canadians of the recent report of the Franks Committee on administrative justice in England. This is the second English report of its kind to be made in twenty-five years, the first being the famous Report of the Committee on Ministers' Powers in 1932. Both committees made exhaustive inquiries into the actual day-to-day working of English administrative justice and in the light of that knowledge made recommendations for its improvement. In the United States, the Report of the Attorney General's Committee on Administrative Procedure reviewed in 1941 the federal administrative process as it actually operated; in the light of that report, Congress passed in 1946 the Administrative Procedure Act laying down in fairly general terms the minimum standards of procedure to be observed in the administrative exercise of delegated powers of adjudication; and in 1955 a Task Force on Legal Services and Procedure made a year-long study of the entire field of federal administrative law and submitted its conclusions in a 442-page report to the Hoover Commission. In Canada there has never been any offiicial inquiry into such questions. For this reason—and we should do well to admit it before we begin trying to learn lessons from the Franks Report—we Canadians do not know much about our own situation. We do know that in our country, as in England and in the United States, there is at the federal level and at the provincial level a heterogeneous collection of bodies other than courts—independent commissions, civil service departments, and other statutory authorities—deciding disputes between that mighty engine, the state, and the individual citizen or business corporation; but of what most of them in fact do, how they do it, and to what extent they are supervised, checked, or controlled, we have only hazy and rather general knowledge.


In the article the author's conception of differentiation of four text characteristics (difficulty, comprehensibility, complexity and readability) is presented. The topicality of the work is determined by the existing ambiguity in the interpretation of these terms. The parameters of the text underlie the determination of its characteristics: 1) only quantitative readability, 2) mainly quantitative comprehensibility, 3) fully quantitative and qualitative complexity. The difficulty of the text is intended to take into account the objective parameters of the text and the subjective peculiarities of the reader.


The factors causing longitudinal cracking in continuously cast steel slabs have been investigated by analysis of the data of CC process.The reason of longitudinal cracking of slab has been analyzed.Some measures have been taken to decrease the longitudinal cracking defect of slab.


In order to improve diagnosis accuracy,many studies have analyzed the best single cutoff level of tumor markers to differentiate normal and abnormal value.This paper puts forward a multi-cutoff-level setting algorithm of various tumors markers in order to improve diagnosis accuracy.The diagnosis accuracy and convergence speed of the algorithm are further improved by orthogonal experiment and limiting search space.The practical experiment demonstrates that this algorithm is effective in improving the diagnosis accuracy of colorectal cancer by various tumors markers and it is better than that of single cutoff level used in medicine.


: Central bending analysis of a 600 MW thermal power generating unit's HP-IP combined casing rotor is conducted and it concludes that high temperature creep and residual stress is the main reason leading to permanent plastic deformation. First, they build the fine three-dimensional solid model with the FEA software ANSYS according to the rotor structure. It carries out finite element analysis of temperature field and stress field. On this basis, heat-solid coupling analysis is proceed, by dealing with the experiment data, they get the parameters of Norton creep model and implement finite element analysis of high temperature creep and residual stress in ANSYS. The research show that simply high temperature creep is not sufficient to cause the rotor bending during start-up process, but rotor bending will happen in short time if coupled with the residual stress. Using Norton three-parameter model and generating residual stress method are proved more effectively. The conclusion drawn can be referenced and guided for analysing the HP-IP combined casing rotor's central bending.


No other group of infectious agents has received increased attention from scientists in recent years than that of retroviruses. This reflects not only their importance as pathogens of humans and animals, but also its great value in studying the interactions between pathogens and host. The family Retroviridae comprises a large number of viruses that have the ability to insert its genome into the host cell and infect primarily vertebrates, despite having been described infections in other animals such as snails and insects. Viruses pathogenic to humans which cause infections worldwide can be divided into two main groups: the transformants and the cytopathic. The first, induce changes in the control of cell division and can lead to tumors, such as Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), belonging to the genus Deltaretrovirus and is linked to neurological and hematological. Cytopathic retroviruses are members of the Lentivirus genus, such as the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and are related to severe immunodeficiency condictions. The ubiquotous conditions, now known by the name of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV and was first recognized in the summer of 1981. The spread of an emerging virus in all regions of the world, caused great losses both in terms of human lives as well as in the economic point of view. HIV infection results in a profound disorder in the host immune system, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of lymphocytes with the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface, especially helper T lymphocytes (ATL), with subsequent reversal of the ratio of CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes. In Brazil, the HIV-1 dissemination reflects the grandeur and diversity sociogeographic of the country and its regional heterogeneity. The first cases of HIV/AIDS in Brazil, dates from 1982 and were originated the Southeast individual, which today still has the highest number of reported cases of the disease. Subtypes B, F, C and D, in addition to samples of virus recombinants and dual infections in different geographical areas. In the present chapter, we describe the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in the Brazilian Amazon region, emphasizing its impact in the city of Belem, Capital of the Para State, which is the main port of entry into the Amazon, highlighting the occurrence of the circulating subtypes and the genetic profile of the host which is associated with the infection.


Two new on-line recursive algorithms, namely, the Jacobi recursive principal component algorithm (JRPCA) and the Gauss–Seidel recursive principal component algorithm (GRPCA), are introduced for the computation of principal components of a slowly varying non-stationary vector stochastic process. By using these algorithms, the principal components can be adaptively estimated. The speed of convergence of the proposed algorithms is also discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have a faster speed of convergence and a better adaptivity when compared to other existing methods.


Jejunal diverticula are rare, acquired lesions seen in elderly patients. Most of the cases are asymptomatic, and are generally detected incidentally. Symptoms, if present, include nonspecific chronic abdominal pain and malabsorption. They may be associated with complications like hemorrhage, diverticulitis, obstruction or perforation. Diverticular perforation is rare, occurring only in around 5-6% of all patients. We present a rare case of 76 year old male with acute abdomen associated with jejunal diverticular perforation and review the literature on this complication.


Pulmonary embolism (PE) is potentially life threatening condition which requires adequate diagnosis. Since computerized tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) described the presence of a clot subjectively, an objective and quantification method to characterize plural parenchymal abnormality, pulmonary vessels and heart is needed (in order to diagnose PE). This study was directed to investigate whether the presence of plural parenchymal findings correlates with the PE and as well, it was designed to answer two basic questions based on CTPA findings done for clinical suspicion of PE: firstly, what are the plural parenchymal abnormalities associated with PE; secondly, correlation of PE with the presence of heart changes and pulmonary vessels measurements. CTPA scans were acquired for 55 patients suspected of having PE and another 50 subjects who were considered as control. The clinical signs and pleuroparenchymal abnormalities, pulmonary artery tree measurements, right ventricle and atrium diameters, Inter ventricular septum width as well as the myocardium thickening were characterized and correlated with PE. The results showed that the PE patients group has more dilated measurements than the normal control subjects. The right ventricle diameter changes were found to be significantly related to the presence of PE at p ≤ 0.001. Significant changes at p ≤ 0.005 were also noticed in the pulmonary trunk diameter as well as the right and left main pulmonary arteries with no significant changes detected in the distal portion of both pulmonary arteries diameters. The common complaints from PE patients were chest pain, shortness of breathing, lower limb swelling, tachycardia and syncope. Consolidation, ground glass opacifications, mosaic, right ventricle morphological changes and pleural effusion were present in the majority of patients undergoing CTPA for the clinical suspicion of PE. CTPA is considered as the diagnostic modality of choice in characterization of pulmonary vessels, atrium and ventricle changes as well as pleura parenchymal abnormalities in patients with or without PE.


The enterprise has an intricate and elaborate system of relationships between the departments, functioning closely as a cell within an organism, with its defined role within the market. In the complex context of actual economic system, resources are limited and enterprises seek for efficiency in order to reduce costs. In this paper we present the development of a solution for the optimization of an agricultural enterprise related to the plastic-based materials usage in the agricultural processes. In this matter, the experimental part consists in the creation of a model of a plastic management system using methodologies from the literature (e. g., System Dynamics or SD etc.) and its simulation with specific tools used traditionally. Besides the experimental part, we will make a short analysis regarding the structural and economic issues regarding plastics used in agriculture and some considerations regarding the bioplastic material that can be obtained from different types of agricultural waste.


We show that on $\mathbb S^1(1/\sqrt{d-2})\times\mathbb S^{d-1}(1)$ the conformally invariant Sobolev inequality holds with a remainder term that is the fourth power of the distance to the optimizers. The fourth power is best possible. This is in contrast to the more usual vanishing to second order and is motivated by work of Engelstein, Neumayer and Spolaor. A similar phenomenon arises for subcritical Sobolev inequalities on $\mathbb S^d$. Our proof proceeds by an iterated Bianchi-Egnell strategy.


The present invention provides a method for aligning a workpiece having a known shape, the acts of taking out the workpiece pick-and-robot, and act with a laser beam, said workpiece when the first position of one edge hangs the laser beam, and the act of detecting by the detector, the act of aligning the position of the robot arm, the second position of the edge of the workpiece when cutting the laser beam, and the act of detecting by the detector, the act of aligning the position of the robot arm, and the act of calculating the angular error of the workpiece from the position of the robot arm, the method comprising the act of modifying the angular error of the workpiece by the robot arm. According to another aspect of the present invention, the workpiece is aligned in the direction of rotation in a plane of a surface of the workpiece while removed by the pick-and-robot, on the stage of the workpiece placed, while disposed on the stage, to align the workpiece in at least one direction of the x or y direction.


Abstract We investigated the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients along a saline gradient to estimate nutrient fluxes in the Seomjin River estuary during dry (March 2005, March 2006, March 2007, and March 2008) and rainy seasons (August 2005, July 2006, July 2007, and July 2008). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were similar in the endmembers of freshwater for the rainy and dry seasons. In contrast, the concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate and silicate in the rainy season were approximately 2-3 times higher than those in the dry season. River discharge was approximately 10 times higher in the rainy season (212 m 3 sec -1 ) than in the dry season (21 m 3 sec -1 ). The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate were 2.91, 0.004, and 2.51 tons day -1 in the dry season and 7.45, 0.421, and 30.5tons day -1 in the rainy season, respectively. Although the range of nutrient concentrations were similar to previous results from investigations in the Seomjin River estuary, the nutrient fluxes were differed according to river discharge for different survey periods.


By experiments an investigation into the relationship between disk speed and the flying attitudes or reading and writing performance of magnetic head during the operation of hard drive has been performed.Experimental results show that the flying height of the magnetic head and pitch angle increases as the disk rotational speed increasing;the increasing of flying height of magnetic head lowers the ability to read the signals,and drops drastically the ratio of signal to noise.These results propose how to design the structure of head/desk system.


Under the constraint that the total transmission power is constant, when multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology is applied to the signal transmission design in the underwater optical wireless communication system (UOWC), the traditional water-filling algorithm (WF) uses mathematical derivation to solve the optimization problem, which requires multiple Lagrangian optimization solutions. In order to reduce the computational complexity and accelerate the convergence speed, a particle swarm optimization (PSO-WF) algorithm for water injection is proposed. It randomly selects particles in the target area, calculates the fitness, and gradually approximates the optimal solution to avoid negative power distribution. The simulation results show that, compared with the average power allocation scheme, the algorithm improves the system capacity and operation efficiency by about 80%; Compared with WF algorithm, it greatly reduces the complexity.


Finite element method was used to simulate the temperature field in rheocasting-rolling process of semi-solid AZ31 magnesium alloy.The influence of rheocasting-rolling parameters(convective heat transfer coefficient in roll surface,casting temperature,casting speed) on the quality of magnesium alloy strips was analyzed.The results show that when casting temperature reduces to 897 K,the magnesium alloy complete solidification point is advanced at the heat transfer coefficient of 10000 W·m-2 K-1,the quality of magnesium alloy strips is affected.If casting time is prolonged to 0.465 s,the heat transfer is enhanced between melt and roller,so the center temperature in outlet zone can reach solidification point.