The main purpose of this research was to survey Pennsylvania school psychologists regarding their training, knowledge and evaluation practices when assessing and diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). A 65 question electronic survey focusing on four areas: A) training, B) knowledge, C) current practice and D) demographic information, was distributed to 908 certified school psychologists in PelIDsylvania and completed by 243 respondents. Results found that school psychologists in Pennsylvania playa key role with assessment and diagnosis of ASD, yet have limited formal training in important aspects of ASD. Doctoral level school psychologists and school psychologists with the greatest number of years of experience reported feeling better prepared with ASD issues than did non-doctoral and less experienced school psychologists. The majority of respondents repOlied that they were not yet familiar with the 2007 Pennsylvania Autism Expert Workgroup Report and indicated that they fail to follow some of the best practice guidelines when assessing and diagnosing ASD. Pennsylvania school psychologists demonstrated very basic general knowledge of ASD, but measuring knowledge among a highly educated group proved problematic in this research. An example of a service delivery model that utilizes best practice standards for assessing and diagnosing ASD is also presented, along with implications for the field of school psychology. P A School Psychologist's Role with ASD's 111


Laser-synthesis of thin film compound semiconductors has been demonstrated to provide a very efficient way to produce high quality single phase materials for opto-electronic applications. Three semiconducting compounds may be formed in the Cu-Te system: CuTe, Cu7Te5 and Cu2Te with specific optical properties. In this work, these phases have all been laser-synthesized from a sandwich film containing a stack of elemental layers. The overall atomic proportion is closest to the aimed stoichiometry. Upon irradiation and depending on laser fluence, the compound is formed at and above a power density threshold corresponding to the abrupt melting of the film.


Abstract : This project will cover the current situation in the Arab World, and the impact of the United States of America Policy in the Arab World from the Arab Street perspective. As my following discussions with my faculty Adviser we agreed to write about public perspective of US Policy in the Arab street. During the Christmas break, I went back home to Qatar, while I was there I discussed these questions with different people from variety sectors, and I collected information from the Media abut different Arab opinions in the current situation in the Region, in addition to that I collected from some of the Arabs officer papers regarding the same questions and their perspectives This paper will cover the following questions: What are your opinions of the United States? Policy in regard to Iraq, Afghanistan, and Iran? Should the US simply leave the area all together and if so why? What has the US done well for the region and what have they failed to do? What is the biggest single problem facing the Arab world and how do you think it should be solved? I will cover also the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.


Forty surface soil samples representing mulberry growing sites were evaluated for the distribution of total and DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in relation to soil properties. Zinc deficiency was widespread in these soils, whereas available Fe, Mn and Cu were found adequate. The availability of Zn and Cu was directly related to the organic carbon content of the soils. total Zn, Fe and Mn correlated positively 1I.nd significa\1t1y with CEC of the soils and total Fe with clay content.


Routine use of adjunct intraprocedural fresh frozen biopsy (FFP) or point‐of‐care (POC) cytology at the time of image‐guided biopsy can improve diagnostic tissue yields for musculoskeletal neoplasms, but these are associated with increased costs.


The cyanide potential of arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima) was monitored during the growing season for 2 yr (1978 and 1979) to determine periods of peak toxicity. Arrowgrass samples from various sites were collected about every 2 wk, ground in dry ice and incubated to release hydrogen cyanide which was trapped in alkali. The highest concentration of the cyanogenic glucoside triglochinin, was revealed in new growth of leaves and spikes in spring. Saline habitats yielded arrowgrass with lower triglochinin levels than non-saline sites. Cyanogen levels in leaves were elevated substantially when severe moisture deficits prevailed on rangelands during the latter part of the growing season in 1979. The results of this survey provide a basis for predicting arrowgrass toxicity to ruminants.


Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer (NS) and gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) observations have been used to map out the distribution of incompatible elements on the lunar surface. Specifically, the GRS data provide maps of the distribution of thorium and potassium while the NS data provide information on the distribution of iron and titanium, and the rare earth elements gadolinium and samarium. Using results of analysis of Celementine spectral reflectance (CSR) data, the Fe- and Ti-contributions to the NS data can be removed, leaving primarily rare earth element contributions from Gd and Sm. The Th and K maps correlate with the inferred Gd and Sm maps (r {approximately} 0.93), but there are regions of significant disagreement. One of these is in the KREEP-rich circum-Imbrium ring. No clear explanation has emerged for this disagreement, though Th, K, Gd and Sm have differing degrees of incompatibility. These results clearly are important to discussions of the geochemistry of the Procellarum-Imbrium Th-rich Terrane and the South-Pole-Aitken Terrane.


The Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) results in disabilities of paretic limbs, but few studies have investigated the impacts of CVA on perception deficits as well as related functional changes. Motor function alterations caused by CVA, such as the presence of associated reactions, loss of postural control mechanisms, and tone disorders, shift the body's center of gravity, generating a risk of falls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate postural balance changes in patients affected by CVA using the POMA-Brazil Scale (Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment). A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess postural balance changes in patients diagnosed with CVA undergoing rehabilitation at the UNIT Health Center, CEMISE Physiotherapy Service, and Maria Virgínia Leite Franco Rehabilitation Center in Aracaju, Sergipe. The B-POMA subscale consists of 13 tasks (sitting balance, rising from a chair, immediate standing balance, standing balance, eyes closed balance, 360-degree turning balance, resistance to displacement (Nudge Test), neck turning, unipedal stance balance, spinal extension, reaching upward, leaning forward, and sitting), aimed at detecting fall risk factors in elderly individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses. Descriptive statistics were used for numerical variables, frequency distribution for demographic and clinical variables, and individuals per task, with the application of the chi-square test and the Student's t-test. Among the tasks measured according to the B-POMA subscale, sitting balance was the most frequent qualitative response (97.5%), followed by immediate standing, eyes closed, and leaning forward. Unipedal stance balance was the least common normal task (25%), and 360-degree turning was the most adaptive (62.5%). Balance changes are associated with cerebral vascular accidents in terms of dynamic equilibrium. This study demonstrated that unipedal stance balance was the most affected task, 360-degree turning balance was the most adaptive, and sitting balance was the least affected. There were no significant differences in balance scores based on sex, age, and time of injury.


Asthma is a common and severe chronic disease in children influencing their quality of life and functioning at school. A 5‐item asthma‐screening instrument was developed and tested in 1052 children aged 10–12 years. Questionnaires were completed by parents and children separately and data were compared. Children reported less to be diagnosed by a medical doctor as having asthma compared with their parents, although children reported more to have certain asthma symptoms. No difference in prevalence of asthma was found between children and parents' answers. The absolute agreement for the scale was 92% and a good kappa agreement was found. Recoding the 'don't know'‐answers in 'no'‐answers resulted in a 4% misclassification. The short 5‐item asthma screening tool can be valuable in the categorization of a subgroup of children likely to suffer from asthma in a survey. Recoding 'don't know'‐answers to 'no'‐answers is justified in large samples.


Secondary and university instructors in the United States rely heavily on the Toulmin model to teach written argumentation. To date, pragma-dialectics (van Eemeren and Grootendorst 2004; van Eemeren 2010) is not a visible presence in American composition textbooks. To ameliorate the limits of a single framework, writing instructors and consultants should ask critical questions not only associated with Toulmin's model, but also those of the pragma-dialectic model of critical discussion.


Cyhalofop/bentazon ME and pyribenzoxim EC herbicides were originally developed as foliarapplied herbicides to control weeds at 4-5 leaf stages of barnyard grass 20-25 days after seeding (DAS) in direct-seeding culture but further possible utilization of these two herbicides earlier than 3-4 leaf stages of rice were evaluated for a field where early weed infestations might be severe. The application of cyhalofop/bentazon ME and pyribenzoxim EC at right after rice emergence and the 2-3 leaf stages of rice had an excellent weed control efficacy with above 90% up to 30 DAS without a phytotoxicity of rice plant and the control efficacy of over 80% was maintained until 60 DAS. However, these two herbicides controlled Echinochloa crus-galli very effectively above 97% but Aneilema keisak and Aeschynomene indica were not controlled by cyhalofop/bentazon ME and Cyperus serotinus by pyribenzoxim EC. Therefore, to control those problem weeds, second systematic application of pyribenzoxim EC and pyrazosulfuron/mefenacet G for A. keisak and A. indica, and pyrazosulfuron/molinate G, cyhalofap/ azimsulfuron/molinate G, pyrazosulfuron/mefenacet G and bentazon SL for C. serotinus at 30 DAS was found to be very efficient herbicide systems.


Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of inactivated iridovirus vaccine for the orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The first experiment was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of inactivated iridovirus vaccine against red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) Ehime-1 strain in three different sizes of grouper (5.1 g, 13.1 g, 46.1 g BW). Ten days after immunization with the inactivated vaccine, fishes were challenged with the RSIV. Compared with the control groups, the vaccinated groups showed significantly higher survival rates. The second experiment was conducted with 5 g BW fishes to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness for RSIV Okinawa strain. This experiment showed the effectiveness of the vaccine against RSIV Okinawa strain. The third experiment was conducted to confirm the duration of immunity conferred by the vaccination against the RSIV Ehime-1 strain. This experiment was conducted using 58 g BW fishes that were vaccinated 22 weeks before challenge. The effectiveness of the vaccine was confirmed, demonstrating that the immunity lasted at least 22 weeks.


Poetry "Banat Su'ad" is the magnum opus of the poet Ka'b bin Zuhair that delivered directly in front of Rasulullah SAW. This article intends to explore the elements of tasybih contained in poetry totaling 58 forms. The poet uses tasybih in expressing his feelings about Su'ad, naqah, Rasulullah SAW, muhajirin and the unbelievers. The author will break down the elements of beauty contained in this poetry. The author also concludes from this article that the exposure through the used forms tasybih, poet really managed to achieve the goals / Garad of his poetry marked with the provision of forgiveness from Rasulullah SAW. Even, the poetry was prized burdah provided directly by the majesty Rasulullah SAW.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Vascular complications are a common occurrence during atrial fibrillation ablation. Observational studies show that the incidence of vascular complications can be reduced by using ultrasound (US)-guided puncture, however its routine use is not established in many centers. Purpose To compare the rate of vascular complications between ultrasound-guided and conventional anatomic landmark-guided vascular access during catheter ablation of left atrial arrhythmias. Methods Patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation were included sequentially. All patients receiving US-guided puncture were prospectively enrolled group A, while patients who underwent the procedure with standard puncture technique served as control group B. The primary endpoint were periprocedural vascular complications requiring intervention within 30 days of the procedure Results 599 patients (average age: 68 ± 11 years, 63,1% male) were analyzed, 299 in group A and 300 in group B. Demographic and clinical baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups, except higher prevalence of pre-existing Diabetes mellitus in group A (14,7% vs. group B: 8,7%, p=0.022). The majority of patients were treated with radiofrequency ablation (51,5%), followed by pulsed-field ablation (20,4%) and cryoballoon (18,7%). Other ablation techniques were laserballoon and radiofrequency balloon ablation. The overall rate of vascular complications was lower with the ultrasound-guided puncture than the anatomic landmark-guided puncture (14/299 4,7% vs. 27/300 9%, p=0.036). The ultrasound-guided puncture resulted in a significantly reduced rate of false aneurysms (3/299 1% vs. 12/300 4%, p=0.019). In addition, arteriovenous fistula (2/0,7% vs. 4/1,3%, p=0.414) and hematoma requiring treatment (9/299 3% vs. 11/300 3,7%, p=0.655) were also lower in group A. Conclusion The use of ultrasound-guided vascular access for catheter ablation resulted in a significant reduction of the overall vascular complication rate.


In this study, a data-driven design method is proposed for a dual-rate system, where the sampling interval of a plant output is restricted and is an integer multiple of the holding interval of a control input. In our proposed method, single-rate virtual reference feedback tuning (S-VRFT), where the holding interval is the same as the sampling interval, is extended to the dual-rate virtual reference feedback tuning (D-VRFT) system. In D-VRFT, a controller is decided using a set of input/output data used in S-VRFT, and it is easy to extend S-VRFT to D-VRFT and implement D-VRFT. In this study, intersample oscillations caused in such a dual-rate control system is prevented because a weighting filter is introduced for penalizing the control input deviation between the sampling instants. The filter is designed as an integrator for weighting the low-frequency domain. The improvement in fast-tracking performance as well as the ripple-free property are demonstrated through both the numerical and experimental results.


Rainwater resources becomes more and more important with development of social economy and quicken step of urbanlization process. The rainwater will be an indispensability water resources at 21at centenary in most countries. However, the rainwater quality problem is still a technology problem awaiting to be solved in the process of rainwater harvesting. Based on the forming and harvesting process of rainwater resources the causes of pollution of rainwater in water cellar (or pool) was analyzed. And some feasible prevention countermeasures were provided.


Ammonia-containing wastewater a rotary bioreactor and SBR process; both ends of the main cylinder reactors each equipped with an openable cover band mud storage unit, and the reactor main cylinder may be rotated by 180 °; the method of sewage into the reactor main cylinder, aeration about 2.5 hours, so that the end of the aeration of dissolved oxygen reached about 6mg · L-1, and then stirred for about 2.5 hours hypoxia, allowed to stand for about 0.5 hours, drained main tube body waste water, sludge sinking sludge storage unit; Close reservoir cover sludge, the sludge storage cover is opened, so that the sludge reservoir and the main cylinder closed in conjunction with the 180 ° rotation of the main cylinder, to start the next cycle . Reactor residence time of about 10 days the sludge, the sludge concentration is about 4000mg · L-1. This method of driving the inner short oligomer with a microbial nitrification and denitrification excess nitrogen absorption phenomena combined to give good results in the removal of organic matter and total nitrogen. This reactor savings in operating costs and capital costs.


Hybrid control systems, that is, systems which contain both continuous dynamics and discrete event dynamics are studied in this paper. First, a model is introduced that describes the continuous plant and discrete event controller along with an interface which connects them. A Discrete Event System (DES) automaton description is employed to describe the plant together with the interface and it is used to analyze the hybrid control system. Controllability is deened for hybrid control systems, enhancing existing DES control concepts. It is then used to obtain a controller design method for hybrid control systems.


Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of anxietyd r=.231, p<.05 ; r=.334, p<.01), respectively. And in cases of≥26 score of AUDIT-K, there were much more positive correlations with BAI(r=.425, p<.05). Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated that patients with alcohol use disorders have high co-morbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Overall, the greater severity of alcohol use may be associated with more anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, it is suggested that in the patients with severe alcohol use, correlation appeared to be positive only for anxiety symptoms.


This paper presents a multichannel wideband hyperthermia treatment (HT) system, with focus on investigating the behavior of the wideband power amplifier (PA) module. Analysis is conducted using small signal, large signal, as well as two-tone characterization of the PA. The impact of nonlinearity of the PA is investigated. In particular, the study includes the effect of inter-modulation products (IMPs) in altering system efficiency to localize energy in the malignant tissues. Quantitative analysis is performed of the specific absorption rate (SAR) associated with IMPs. Initial results reveal the spilling out of energy associated with IMPs, which can lead to hot spots associated with excessive heating of healthy tissue. Solutions are discussed to minimize such spots and to optimize the performance of the proposed system.


State and federal laws and agencies are springing up to promote and provide mediation for families, farm debt, environmental problems—and for the governments themselves. Close attention to the quality of these initiatives is required from the mediation field.


We have measured the decay rates of optically excited triplet states of pyrazine and methylpyrazine in a supersonic jet. The excess vibrational energy dependence of the radiationless rate constants in the energy range between the T1 and the S1 electronic origins of the isolated molecules was explored. Decay rates between 5×102 and 105 s−1 were found in the 1800 cm−1 range of excess vibrational energy above the origin of the T1 state in pyrazine. In methylpyrazine the decay rates increase from 8×102 to 3.3×104 in the first 600 cm−1 excess energy range above the T1 origin. The decay rates are free of mode specificity and rotational effects. The wide dynamic range of the T1→S0 radiationless rates of pyrazine is substantially enhanced by methyl substitution. The results support a model which suggests that certain vibrational modes, those which undergo large frequency decreases in the excited state, control the strong vibrational energy dependence of the T1→S0 intersystem crossing of pyrazine. These large freq...


WILL KYMLICKA, Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001), 383 pp., ISBN 0-19-8296657 (hb) BARNOR HESSE (ed.), Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions (Zed Books, London, 2000), 262 pp., ISBN I-85649-559-0 (hb) DAVID MILLER, Citizenship and National Identity (Polity Press, Cambridge, 2000), 216 pp., ISBN 0-7456-2394-8 (pb) YASH GHAI (ed.), Autonomy and Ethnicity: Managing Competing Claims in Multi-ethnic States (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000), 312 pp., ISBN 0-521-78642-8 (pb) PAUL GILBERT, Peoples, Cultures and Nations in Political Philosophy (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2000), 223 pp., ISBN 0-486-1091-X (pb)


Games With A Purpose (GWAPs) are new and promising research tools that apply human-based computation through computer games. Human-based computation is a technique in which part of a computational problem is delegated to humans. Several GWAPs, such as the Foldit game, have shown that in some cases human players can produce good solutions to hard problems. The present research explores the possibility of developing a GWAP for applying human-based computation to such a problem: Bayesian network structure learning. Bayesian networks (BNs) are versatile graphical probabilistic models that are employed in a wide range of fields, both for practical applications and research. They encode knowledge about variables and their (in)dependencies, allowing probabilistic inference and reasoning under uncertainty. Unfortunately, learning the structure of BNs from data is NP-complete. In the present research a first attempt is made at crowdsourcing Bayesian network structure learning through a computer game.


The performance of relay is often measured by ergodic capacity and outage capacity. In comparison, Outage capacity is more appropriate measure for channel quality in wireless communication system. Although outage capacity has been mentioned in some literature, but no research has been clearly revealed outage capacity of DF dual-hop relay. In this paper, we obtain a constraint equation of outage capacity for DF dual-hop relay. Otherwise, we take optimal power allocation into account for our analysis. Numerical results compare the performance of uniform power allocation with that of optimal power allocation. It is show that optimal power allocation is required for DF dual-hop relay system. Especially, when the gap of channel gains between the source to relay and the relay to destination increases, the advantage of optimal power allocation become more pronounced.


Purpose of this investigation is identifying "" Success amount of training rules and skills of Islamic life (Dignity Project) for obtaining skill ability in solving problems among students of grade 5 in elementary school (case study: zone 6 of Tehran education) in viewpoint of teachers." Statistical population of this investigation are teachers of grade 5 in elementary school of zone 6 of Tehran, who have taught rules and skills of Islamic life (generosity plan) to 92 students in 2011-2012 educational year. Statistical sample of this investigation is based on Kokaran sampling as 63 people. They used questionnaire as a tool for collecting required data for this investigation. Descriptive research method is measurable kind. Data analysis was done in two descriptive and inferable levels. Results of data analysis showed that in viewpoint of teachers, student's interest to learn solving problem skill is in high level. In addition, students have learnt how to know problem, data collecting skill, producing ability and creating various solutions and implementing these solutions by average. In addition, students have learnt in high level how to review various problems and choosing the best solution, ability of assessing various chosen solutions and solving problem jointly. Totally, results of this research showed that in viewpoint of teachers, the students who are in this study, are able to solve problem averagely.


Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF / CSRF) a.k.a. Session Riding is a client side attack on web applications that exploits implicit authentication mechanisms. The actual attack is executed by causing the victim's web browser to create http requests to restricted resources. This can be achieved e.g., by including hidden iframes in harmless appearing webpages. The iframe itself references a state changing URL of a remote web application, thus creating an http request (see Figure 1). As the browser provides this requests automatically


Products in the pipeline for prostate cancer, bladder cancer, stress urinary incontinence, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, hypoactive sexual desire disorder.


Inter-view prediction is introduced in multiview video coding (MVC) to exploit the inter-view correlation. Statistical analyses show that the coding gain benefited from inter-view prediction is unequal among pictures. On the basis of this observation, a picturewise interview prediction selection scheme is proposed. This scheme employs a novel inter-view prediction selection criterion to determine whether it is necessary to apply inter-view prediction to the current coding picture. This criterion is derived from the available coding information of the temporal reference pictures. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance of MVC with a comprehensive consideration of compression efficiency, computational complexity, and random access ability.


The LabVIEW 7 was taken as the software platform of the data acquisition system,and the data acquisition card at the core of SCM AT89C51 as hardware platform of the data acquisition system,to develop a set of remote virtual data acquisition system that has functions such as data acquisition,signal processing and display and remote control and access.It was able to realize well measuring and display,remote data sharing and control for the voltage signal of analog experiment.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative bioavailability of rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets and enteric-coated capsules in healthy volunteers.METHODS A single dose of 20 mg test or reference preparations was given to 18 healthy volunteers according to a randomized cross-over design.The plasma concentration of rabeprazole was determined by LC-MS/MS.RESULTS The main parameters of the three formulations were as follows:T_(max) were((2.8)±(1.1)),((2.8)±(1.6)) and((3.5)±(1.3))h,respectively.C_(max)were((0.8)±(0.4)),((0.8)±(0.4)) and((0.8)±(0.4)) mg·L~(-1),respectively.AUC_(0-12)were((1.8)±(1.0)),((1.8)±(1.0)) and((1.8)±(1.0)) mg·L~(-1)·h,respectively. AUC_(0-∞) were((1.9)±(1.1)),((1.9)±(1.1)) and((1.8)±(1.0)) mg·L~(-1)·h,respectively.The relative bioavailability of test tablets and test capsules were((106.8)±(29.5))% and((108.3)±(34.6))%,respectively.CONCLUSION The results of statistical analysis show that three formulations were bioequivalent.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate hydraulic system performance using vegetable‐based palm oil as hydraulic fluid.Design/methodology/approach – The hydraulic system performance test at different operating conditions, such as pressure, speed and oil ageing, was performed using a Yuken vane pump test rig. The endurance system performance test was also conducted for 200 and 400 h. The effect of speed on flow slip coefficient in discrete and continuous tests was studied. In discrete testing, pressure of 35 and 200 bar and speed of 750 and 1,439 rpm were used in determining flow slip coefficient. The instantaneous data were recorded in a computer using an analog‐to‐digital data acquisition system with respect to time and the parameters stored were reservoir temperature, return line temperature, suction and delivery pressures, instantaneous flow rate, total flow, total running time and torque. The obtained results were interpolated for future prediction of the system performance.Findings – The ex...


In this paper, we study the robustness of least squares (LS) estimation for the modeling of nonlinear systems, and propose an estimation method with enhanced robustness. We first show some motivations for improving the robustness when estimating coefficients of a nonlinear model. In particular, without a robust estimation, two recent linearization techniques would fail to linearize a practical nonlinear system. Then, we analyze the commonly-used LS estimation in the application of the nonlinear system modeling, and show its poor robustness is originated from the correlation effects. As a result, the estimated coefficients will deviate unpredictably from the true coefficients. Based on the above analysis, we present a ridge regression method to remove the correlation effects, and hence improve the robustness of the coefficients estimation. Some data is captured from a practical 1-watt power amplifier (PA) to estimate the coefficients of the PA model, and the superiority of our estimation method over the conventional LS-based method is demonstrated.


Tan spot is a disease of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Australia. Recent increases in the severity and incidence of the disease have prompted a re-evaluation of the pathogen, originally described as Microsphaeropsis tanaceti, including its phylogenetic relationships and morphology. Nucleotide comparison of partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU), actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase loci identified two distinct haplotypes within the species. Haplotype differentiation was consistent for each locus, except for the LSU, within which sequences were identical across all isolates. Morphological variation, especially culture pigmentation and conidial size, consistently supported the phylogenetic data distinguishing two haplotypes. Phylogenetic comparisons of M. tanaceti incorporating 98 Didymellaceae species did not associate the M. tanaceti haplotypes with the genus Microsphaeropsis. The two M. tanaceti haplotypes were closely related, and clustered in the Didymella sensu stricto clade. Based on these phylogenetic results, supported by their distinct morphology and cultural characteristics, the two haplotypes of M. tanaceti are reclassified as two species of Didymella, namely D. rosea and D. tanaceti. The implications of two closely related species causing tan spot of pyrethrum are discussed.


The use of mobile technologies is important for Supply Chain Management (SCM) because these technologies allow for a ubiquitous flow of information, higher agility and risk reduction in supply chains. In food markets, these issues are particularly relevant due to food safety risks. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the use of mobile technology for management and risk control in the Brazilian beef supply chain, since Brazil is one of the main producers and beef exporters in the world. The research method was a single case study. Results show the actual level of mobile technology use; drivers and barriers to mobile technology adoption and how mobile technology is applied to beef traceability and risk reduction along the chain. The authors propose a framework that links the issues of mobile technology use for SCM and risk control, considering the context of a developing country such as Brazil.


The Midwest ISO will operate a Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Market, a Reliability Assessment Commitment process and a Real-Time Energy and Operating Reserve Market. The Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Reserve Market is a financially binding market that clears energy, regulating reserve, spinning reserve and supplemental reserve on an hourly basis. The Reliability Assessment Commitment (RAC) process is a process to commit resources, schedule regulating reserve on committed resources and/or release emergency operating ranges on resources when appropriate on an hourly basis for use in the Real-Time Energy and Operating Reserve Market. The RAC process can be executed on a multi-day, day-ahead and/or intra-day basis. The Real-Time Energy and Operating Reserve Market is a financially and physically binding market that clears energy, regulating reserve, spinning reserve and supplemental reserve on a five-minute basis. The Midwest ISO will utilize a simultaneously co-optimized Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) algorithm and a simultaneously co-optimized Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) algorithm to operate the Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Reserve Market. The simultaneously co-optimized SCUC algorithm is used in the Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Reserve Market to commit resources, schedule regulating reserves on committed resources and/or release emergency operating ranges on resources in the Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Reserve Market. The simultaneously co-optimized SCED algorithm is used in the Day-Ahead Energy and Operating Reserve Market to clear and price energy, regulating reserve, spinning reserve and supplemental reserve on an hourly basis. Demand curves are utilized to price Energy and Operating Reserve during times of scarcity.


Five new species of the genus Cymindis Latreille are described from Asia: C. (Arrhostus) fac- chinii sp. n. from Sonamarg, Kashmir (India), C. (Paracymindis) glebiana sp. n. from the Karateghin Mt. Range (Tajikistan), C. (Paracymindis) circapicalis sp. n. from southern slopes of the Pskem Mt. Range (Kyrgyzstan), C. sciakyi sp. n. from the vicinities of Wenchuan Town, Sichuan (China), and C. wrasei sp. n. from the Jiajin Shan Mountains, western Sichuan (China).


Objective: To define the prevalence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins and quantitative serum immunoglobulin levels in elderly Japanese in comparison with elderly Caucasians as possible factors related to the reported lower incidence of multiple myeloma in elderly Japanese than in elderly Caucasians.


Sea shore geomorphology has been affected by an european, or a "temperate-climatic" conception. We have strechtched out to more than their original size many observations in our areas, described as azonal forms or processes. The scientific research's progress, the increasing inquisitiveness of our mind, the epistemological thought induce to reconsider the narrowness of this conception.


In this paPer, we show some complexity results of subproblems of Satisfifiability Problem (SAT). We introduce adecision problem that asks if, given a $k$-CNF formula with $n$ variables, there is a satisfying assingment with at most $pn$ variables set to 1. For $k$ $\geq 2$ , we show that (1) when $p=n^{c}$ $(-1<c\leq 0)$ , the problem is $\mathrm{N}\mathrm{P}$-complete, and (2) when $p=\log n/n$ , it is solvable in $O(n^{\log k}|\phi|)$ time for aformula $\phi$ . We also show some results on complexity of aclass of formulas for which we know some information on the number of satisfying assignments.


Objective
To discuss the effect of Quality Control Circle activity optimize Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing program in improving the recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section.

Methods
In the management of applying QCC method to optimize TCM nursing program to promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. The study was conducted on patients with cesarean section of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of shenzhen hospital of Guangzhou university of traditional chinese medicine (Futian). 36 cases of the control group were patients before the optimization of TCM nursing program by QCC on February 13-26, 2017, and 36 cases of the intervention group were patients after that on July 2 to 15, 2017. Before and after the QCC program, the time of postoperative of cesarean section patients' first anus exhaust, anal exhaust rate in 18 hours and lactation time were compared. The postoperative of cesarean section patients′ first anus exhaust time, 18 hours anal exhaust rate and lactation time were investigated, and essential factors and really causes of the anal exhaust rate in 18 hours were analyzed, and a corresponding countermeasures were made.

Results
After TCM nursing program, the postoperative of cesarean section patients′ first anus exhaust time and lactation time were significant reduced (P<0.05); anal exhaust ratein 18 hours wasrise from 22.2%(8/36) to 86.1%(31/36). The patients after cesarean sectionwhose anal exhaust rate in 18 hours was increased significantly. The target success rate was as high as 116%, and the recovery rate was as high as 287.8%.

Conclusions
QCC activity optimize TCM nursing program can improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean section. It enriched the connotation of TCM nursing programs, promote the implementation and standardizes the operation process of it. It also improved the clinical efficacy of TCM nursing program, and indeed promoted the patients′ gastrointestinal function after cesarean section, so that it is worthy of clinical application.

Key words:
Cesarean section; Traditional Chinese medicine nursing program; Quality control circle; Gastrointestinal function


6541 Background: The primary indication for ESA use in chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) is transfusion reduction based on randomized clinical trials. Little information is available on trends in t...


To the Editor We read with interest the case report by Ochi et al. (1). The authors have provided excellent multimodality imaging of a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which arose in a patient with previously undiagnosed Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) type 1a. We agree that the key roles of imaging in the GSD-1 population are identifying early-stage HCC and adenomas at risk for malignant degeneration. It is well known that hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are common in patients with GSD-1, and in rare instances patients develop HCC (2). However, differentiating HCC from benign HCA by imaging can be quite difficult (3). Thus, the challenge in caring for these patients is to provide a screening program which is adequately sensitive for detecting HCC, but simultaneously specific enough so that benign HCA are not mistaken for HCC. These needs must be further balanced against the costs of screening and the risks of radiation exposure. Of the many imaging techniques described by Ochi et al., ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not use ionizing radiation. In our clinical experience, HCA arising in patients with GSD-1 are often small, numerous, widely distributed, and nonspecific in sonographic appearance. Routine CEUS evaluation may prove challenging, since ultrasound contrast agents disperse during imaging, and often only a single lesion can be characterized with each contrast bolus. Therefore many patients require repeated contrast boluses in order to adequately characterize their lesions, with associated increases in imaging time and cost. Additionally, small lesions located deep within the liver may be challenging to characterize due to difficulties obtaining adequate acoustic windows and sonographic penetration. We advocate the use of contrast-enhanced MRI for both screening and diagnosis of these lesions. While initially more expensive, a contrast-enhanced MRI is much more rapid and in total less costly than initial screening with conventional US followed by CEUS of all candidate lesions, which may involve extended or multiple patient visits to the imaging center. MRI is also less subject to operatordependent variability in the detection and measurement of lesions than US. The ultimate challenge is to identify highrisk adenomas and early HCC when they are resectable, since advanced stage lesions appear to be uniformly fatal (4). However at the current time, no imaging modality can reliably distinguish benign adenoma from premalignant adenoma or HCC in this setting, and the final diagnosis can only be made pathologically.


Coagulants play a vital role in treatment of raw water for both human and animal consumption. Aluminium sulphate is the most common and effective chemical coagulant for water treatment. However, chemical coagulants are costineffective, toxic, are not eco-friendly and may also cause severe health issues like cancers and neurologic disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, natural and greener methods of water purification are crucial for safe and effective water treatment. Therefore, alternative natural and greener method of water purification is required. Seeds of Vicia faba, Cicer arientinum, Jatropha curcas, Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays, Vigna mungo etc. have also been used in water purification regimes. Moringa oleifera seeds contain anti-microbial properties and cationic water-soluble proteins (polyelectrolytes) which possess active coagulative properties that can remove the turbidity and heavy metals like Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, etc from raw water, thus can treat impure water efficiently. Therefore, natural coagulants are preferred over chemical coagulants as they are feasible to use, affordable, eco-friendly and less toxic. This review provides explicit information on efficiency and use of M. oleifera seeds in water treatment and their relative comparison with that of routine chemical coagulants. Thus, further collaborative research (industry and academia) on the alternative greener techniques of water purification are still required to gain sustainability in water purification regimes in developing countries.


Abstract : The study discusses the analysis of social and economic impacts associated with the construction of prototype dredged material containment facilities at six potential locations along the Connecticut shoreline in Long Island Sound. The analysis includes determination of the economic efficiency of each of the six prototype containment facilities (Morris Cove in New Haven Harbor, Fayerweather Island in Black Rock Harbor, Yellow Mill Channel in Bridgeport Harbor, Clinton Harbor, Twatree Island of Waterford, and Black Ledge at the mouth of New London Harbor), and comparison with alternative disposal methods. (Author)


Significance Sunlight exposure has long been associated with the suppression of MS with the reduction in risk credited to vitamin D production. Vitamin D and sunlight have each been reported to protect against EAE, the mouse model of MS. However, little work has focused on conclusively showing whether sunlight is acting via vitamin D. Here, we examine whether UV can suppress EAE either in animals lacking the ability to make vitamin D or in animals lacking the VDR. In each case, UV fully retained its ability to suppress disease, demonstrating that neither vitamin D nor its receptor is required. Future investigation can now focus on uncovering the mechanism whereby UV suppresses EAE and presumably MS. Vitamin D and sunlight have each been reported to protect against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, the contribution of each has been unclear as ultra violet (UV) exposure also causes the generation of vitamin D in the skin. To examine whether the UV based suppression of EAE results, at least, in part from the production of vitamin D, we studied the effect of UV light on EAE in mice unable to produce 7-dehydroxycholesterol (7-DHC), the required precursor of vitamin D. Furthermore, we examined UV suppression of EAE in mice devoid of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Our results demonstrate that UV light suppression of EAE occurs in the absence of vitamin D production and in the absence of VDR. Future investigations will focus on identifying the pathway responsible for the protective action of UV in EAE and presumably human MS.


Flow cytometry approaches combined with a genetically encoded targeted fluorescent biosensor are used to determine the subcellular compartmental availability of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The availability of free NAD+ can affect the activities of NAD+‐consuming enzymes such as sirtuin, PARP/ARTD, and cyclic ADPR‐hydrolase family members. Many methods for measuring the NAD+ available to these enzymes are limited because they cannot determine free NAD+ as it exists in various subcellular compartments distinctly from bound NAD+ or NADH. Here, an approach to express the sensor in mammalian cells, monitor NAD+‐dependent fluorescence intensity changes using flow cytometry approaches, and analyze data obtained is described. The benefit of flow cytometry approaches with the NAD+ sensor is the ability to monitor compartmentalized free NAD+ fluctuations simultaneously within many cells, which greatly facilitates analyses and calibration. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Up-gradation of wireless communication system is mainly based on some critical attributes like speed, coverage, interoperability, reliability, cost, security etc. This paper looks potential approaches to network quality analysis based on mobility. In this paper, focus is given to determine handover latency, vital property of mobility. This paper presents simulation to investigate handover effects-handover latency in homogeneous and heterogeneous environment using network simulator NCTUns 6.0 and simulator version 2 (NS-2) respectively for different generations of wireless communication. Also simulation is performed to find out the handover latency with respect to mobile node's speed and then the results are compared with each other for performance analysis. The obtained results show that advanced generations of wireless communication provides low handover latency as well as higher mobility support which leads to better network performance and seamless connectivity.


Based on morphology, Languages in the world can be classified into four types: agglutination, flexi, isolation, and incorporation. In the language of agglutination such as Indonesian, there is what-so-called morphophonemic, i.e. the change of sound caused by affixation. One of the features is having prefix me(ng)- on the base verb initiated by phoneme /p/ that turns into phoneme /m/ by the term of assimilation, such as memercayai, not mempercayai. Different from the form memperhatikan, this form comes from the word hati that receives prefix per-, which turns into perhati as the base word. Here per- is not the initial phoneme of base word, but the initial phoneme of base form, so that it is not assimilated. It is also different from the form memerkosa which comes from the base word perkosa. Here per-is not a prefix but a syllable.


Methyl 5-bromolevulinate (30%) is obtained directly by brominating levulinic acid in methanol. The synthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid over the 5-phthalimido ester thus becomes a three-step one.


The papers in this Symposium arose from the ninth meeting of the EC2 (European Conferences of the Econom[etr]ics Community) Conference held at the Stockholm School of Economics, December 17–19, 1998. The conference theme was 'Forecasting in Econometrics' with Timo Terasvirta as Local Organiser and Paul Newbold as the Programme Chair. Five invited papers and 10 contributed papers were presented in plenary sessions. In addition, there were two poster sessions, containing a total of 46 further papers. The conference was attended by over 100 delegates. Invited papers were presented by internationally eminent scholars in the field of forecasting: Clive Granger (University of California, San Diego), Henk Don (Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis), Svend Hylleberg (University of Aarhus), David Hendry (Oxford University), and Frank Diebold (University of Pennsylvania). Contributed papers were presented by authors based in Italy, Austria, Sweden, Canada, Netherlands, Belgium, the US and the UK. The 15 plenary session papers covered a broad range of topics in econometric forecasting. The more theoretical topics included evaluation of models and forecasts, estimating cointegrating rank in vector autoregressions, Markov-switching vector autoregressive processes, nonlinear models and forecast performance, volatility forecasting, an explanation of the results of 'forecasting competitions', forecasting discrete valued series, and the relationship between testing and forecasting. Applied topics included track record of fiscal forecasts, macroeconomic forecasting from a practitioner's viewpoint, forecasting with a leading indicator, forecasting business cycle turning points, calendar effects in stock returns, interest rate arbitrage, and forecasting financial crashes.


Position on circular surface is a typical position manner widely used. It is of more important significance to analyze accuracy of position on circular surface to evaluate quality of position scheme and ensure machining accuracy of workpiece. On the basis of earnestly analyzing traditional calculation method, analytic uniform calculation formula of positional error when positioned on circular surface was put forward to avoid calculation mistake made by missing the judgment of limiting position, and greatly predigest calculation process. Verified through example, this method is correct and highly active.


In this article, a way of dividing whole remote sensing image into subimage has leen developed to classify the type of vegetation.There are different types of vegetation in different geographic unit, so according to geographical region feature in a remote sensing image, the whole image is divided to severl subimages, the types of vegetation in a subimage is less than in a whole image. Types of vegetation in a region graphic is easy to be showed and the threshold of classifying has a wide scape. With the assistance of Digital Elevation model(DEM) and slope maps, classification accurateness was improved. This way was applied in north Xinjiang, the paper hold NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) image as data resource, divided whole research area into four regions: Altai grassland region,West Jungger region, Zhaosu region and East Tianshan region. Different classifying standard was used in different region, and then using GIS software together four regions into a whole classified image. Because this method was grounded on knowledge, the classification result of vegetation in Xinjiang north was improved to 89.33%.


In rural India, livestock plays a multifaceted role in providing draught power to the farm, manure for crops, energy for cooking and food for household consumption as well as creates rural employment and improves rural economy. Women play an important role in dairy farming sector. Look after the livestock farming practices besides their day-to-day household chores. So women must be paid their share from the income generated from livestock farming. Livestock sector provides employment to 18 million people of which nearly 70 per cent of them are women. Further, dairy sector is the major source of income for an estimated 27.6 million people 8 . Though women play a significant role in livestock management and production, they could not find appropriate place in decision making on livestock farming. In this background, the study on Mulukanoor Women Cooperative Dairy, community enterprise with wide range of customers, and working for the livelihood enhancement of large number of rural milk producers, has been carried out.


The analysis of the inspection of the employees of Uzagrotehmash JSC was performed. A total of 1495 people aged 25-75 years have been examined (average age 46.3±0.3 years). The frequency of hypertension was 598 people. High blood pressure was recorded more often in women (25.9%) than in men (16%), hypertension is much more common at the age of 44-60 years and older, and hypertension has been found to be common in overweight people (31, 6%), a large proportion was found in the structure of hypertensive patients with hypodynamia (50.2%). Among the protesters, 26.9% of people know about high blood pressure, but do not treat it, and in 20.0%, high blood pressure was detected for the first time. The role of serum lipoproteins in the hypertension development was confirmed, which allows patients to be assigned to a high-risk group for the formation of cardiovascular diseases in subsequent life periods.


Vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) gained wide acceptance in the United States in the late 1970s because they appeared to have potential as a powerful exploration and reservoir characterization tool. However, today—more than a decade later—VSP data are still shunned by interpreters because they are deemed difficult to use and/or they are too expensive to justify the small amount of additional information they provide. Many of the problems stem from the very nature of the data. A VSP is like a refraction profile in that there is no pseudo cross section of the earth and the apparent velocities of arrivals are analyzed to provide indirect interpretations of layer configurations and interface dips. As with a CDP gather in reflection profiling, the VSP is largely insensitive to layer dip. It is this relative insensitivity to structure that makes the NMO correction of a CDP gather tractable and the processing of VSP data quick and simple. These characteristics require that the survey objectives and the anticipate...


We find symplectic integrators using universal exponential identities or relations among formal Lie series. We give here general methods to compute such identities in a free Lie algebra. We recover by these methods all the previously known symplectic integrators and some new ones. We list all minimal solutions for integrators of low order. We give some improvement in the case when the Hamiltonian is in form T(p)+ V (q). We give also all reversible fourth-order symplectic integra- tors for the planetary hamiltonian expressed in canonical heliocentric coordinates.


OBJECTIVE The increasing use In clinical practice of octreotide (a somatostatin analogue which inhibits the secretion of GH and other peptide hormones) led us to study the effects of this treatment on GH, Insulin‐like growth factors (IGF)‐I and II and IGF‐binding protein (IGFBP)‐3, as well as on circulating IGFBP complexes in acromegalic patients.


Introduction On the basis of the tight coupling of rCBF/metabolic load to neural activation. one would expect fMR1 signal reflects well the neural events undergoing at the activation sites in the brain. We have reported last year that with a forepaw stimulation paradigm in a rat model the tMR1 signal and the evoked potential showed a neural refractory period lasted longer than 600 msec. Since the timing of these neural events can be manipulated by the task paradigm of our choice, we may be able to follow the temporal events in neural systems at the neural time scale. We have observed in rat model that t?vlRI signal at one site can be influenced by the activation at another remote area with a particular temporal relation between the two events. We see similar phenomena in the human brain. This opens a new approach in fMR1 study of neural systems with an extra temporal axis of neural time scale to measure the characteristics of the neural systems as well as the time course of their interaction among them.


HDL or apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ,the major protein of HDL particles,protect host against vascular endothelial dysfunction.HDL binding to scavenger receptor-BI activates eNOS for increasing NO.SR-BI and Endothelial lipase(EL) play a critical role in the regulation of plasma HDL.Incubation of HDL with vascular endothelial cells promotes prostacyclin synthesis.Some proteins such as paraoxonase that cotransport with HDL in plasma,have antioxidant properties.HDL inhibits TNF-α dependent expression of adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells and interferes with apoptosis,proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells.


A comparison of the economics of producing ammonia from coal with that from natural gas, naphtha, and heavy fuel oil indicates that coal technology can be adapted to modern synthesis-gas-generating plants and can be competitive in this growing market. After determining that coal can provide the most years of supply at current consumption rates, the technology was shown as available in the current processes being developed for electric power generation from coal. The Texaco process can operate with air, enriched air, or oxygen. This process has been proven in installations using heavy fuel oil, crude oil, and vacuum resid to produce synthesis gas for ammonia, methanol, hydrogen, oxo-synthesis, etc. Residual soot content is <1 ppM. The Union Carbide process, demonstrated in the pilot plant only, was tested to achieve a higher thermal efficiency than the Texaco process; however, neither have been proved on an industrial scale. A comparison of these 2 processes with steam reforming of natural gas and naphtha and partial oxidation of heavy fuel oil indicates that an estimated 31 million Btu of natural gas would be required to provide 1 ton of ammonia in a 2000 ton/day plant. Cost estimations were based on a plant consuming 330,000more » short tons/yr, operating 330 days/yr, and having feedstock costs of $5/ton for coal, 35 cents/million Btu for natural gas, $20/ton for naphtha, or $16/ton for heavy fuel oil.« less


Clutchless AMTs (CAMT) have received a large amount of attention recently as they are viewed as compact and economical methods for providing multispeed transmissions to hybrid and electric vehicles. They benefit from not requiring a primary friction clutch for vehicle launch or gear change, instead the increased controllability of electric motors are relied upon for both these functionalities. For vehicle launch the motor can provide maximum torque from rest, enabling simple take-offs. For gear change, synchronisers are opened and motor speed is controlled to achieve the new target speed for component upstream of the gear without the application of friction elements. This paper presents a detailed control strategy for all stages of gear change in CAMTs so as to demonstrate the impact of the shift process on observable driving performance. This includes torque release and reinstatement as well as speed change in the CAMT during shifting. The complete shift process is then demonstrated on a mathematical model of a CAMT driven electric vehicle, with the impacts on driver observed behavior noted. It shows that both vehicle jerk and the duration of gearshift are influenced by the whole shifting process, not just the speed phase of gear change, as is frequently considered the case.


Objective To explore the etiology of right middle lobe syndrome.Methods The results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy of 536 patients who were clinically diagnosed as right middle lobe syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.The differences of the causes distribution were compared between different age groups and smoking status groups.Results The leading causes of right middle lobe syndrome were inflammation(67.7%),tumor(18.3%)and tuberculosis(9.0%).The distribution differences of inflammation between youth and middle-age groups,of tumor between youth,middle-age and elder groups,and of tuberculosis between youth and middle-age groups,youth and elder groups were all significant(all P0.05).The distribution differences of inflammation,tuberculosis and tumor between non-smokers and heavy-smokers,of tuberculosis and tumor between non-smokers and moderate-smokers were also significant(all P0.05).Conclusions The most common causes of middle lobe syndrome are inflammation,tumor and tuberculosis.Patients over 40 years old and with a smoking history of ≥400 cigarette-years should be alerted for tumor.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a unique approach for exploring the causes of right middle lobe syndrome.


With the development of higher education in China, the education for mass media is more and more popular at present. However, worry and confusion come to the public' s minds as a result of "over fanaticism " and the shortcomings in this education. To revise this worse situation, work should be done according to rule of mass media education and the traditional thinking on education must be changed so as to improve the curriculum establishment and teaching material, to innovate the techniques and strengthen the infrastructure construction as well as the intellectual one. Only in the way can a new vigorous mass media situation be formed, well-structured and adaptable to the present practice of mass media and to the social demand.


The present work aims to evaluate the uniformity irrigation effect on the production maize and bean crops. The treatments consisted of five irrigation depths and two application uniformities, namely, a high one (CUC > 82%) and a low one (CUC < 67%) for a maize crop. In addition, the bean crop treatment consisted of four water application uniformities, (CUC equals to 94.1%, 85.6%, 65.6%, and 57.9% for sceneries 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). A regression equation was adjusted to the experimental values of the maize crop productivity as a function of water depth for the treatments with high uniformity. However, the adjustment was not possible for treatments with low uniformity and for bean crop, because the productivity data, as a function of water depth, did not follow any tendency


In recent years, reversible computation has received much attention in the field of low power circuit design. In this paper, an irreversible IG-A gate is presented. The gate is further used to design irreversible full adder/subtractor (IAS). Furthermore, IAS block is utilized to construct n-bit adder and subtractor. Proposed IAS design is analyzed and compared against the existing reversible methods. Features such as, hardware cost, logic calculation and gate count are investigated to show the efficiency of the design. Transistor level design and simulation of IG-A circuit are shown using Cadence OrCAD Lite. The one-bit IAS simulation results are verified using Altera Quartus II and ModelSim software. Simulation results show that the circuit offers reduced hardware complexity as compared to the existing reversible full adder design.


As soon as SARS hit Beijing, the Health Bureau of Beijing set Beijing Chest Hospital as a designated SARS hospital and initiated an emergency command system there under the direct guidance of the Bureau. Besides, 1 800 medical workers from 8 other hospitals were transferred on a temporary basis to the Chest Hospital to strengthen its workforce. In addition, experts teams for treatment, isolation and prevention, nursing, and a cooperation team for treatment with traditional Chinese medicine were formulated. Altogether 453 confirmed or suspect SARS cases were admitted. By June 24, 22 cases were referred to other hospitals, 20 suspect cases were excluded, and 26 cases died while all the rest were cured and discharged. The fatality rate was 5.79% . As practice shows, the initiation of the emergency command system pkyed a key role in the fight against SARS. It is suggested that in future the country establish and perfect an emergency public health system and that each third-tier hospital and above set up an infectious diseases department or solitary ward area.


The Strand 's more popular sister magazine, Tit-Bits, played a significant role in establishing Sherlock Holmes as a literary and cultural icon, particularly through its use of participatory practices, cross-promotion, and transmedia storytelling. I argue that Tit-Bits ' late 19th-century New Journalism techniques like contests and prizes, inquiry columns, correspondence, and internal advertising fostered a corporately devised participatory fandom that directly contributed to Sherlock Holmes's popularity. Tit-Bits audiences were invited and encouraged to imagine new scenarios for their favorite character that were validated through publication. Such practices not only created a unique identity for Sherlock Holmes fandom but also directly contributed to the creation and maintenance of Holmes's fictional world. With fandom studies reaching more and more audiences—both academic and popular—historicizing early fan practices like the early publication and reception of the Sherlock Holmes stories provides important insight into how audiences have historically responded to, and interacted with, fictional characters, and how they helped sustain and expand those characters' fictional worlds.


Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles < 5 mm in diameter, which are detected in air, soil, and water, causing various environmental problems. In total, 37.3% of MPs are generated from point pollution sources and 62.7% from non-point sources; most of the non-point-source MPs are from vehicles tires, road-marking paint, and bitumen used in road pavements. In this study, the concentrations of MPs generated from roads in Goyang city, South Korea, were examined in terms of the drying period (0, 1, 2, or 3 d). Road dust sampling was performed at the kerb and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted for each sample. The MP concentrations were 552 (±39) MPs g−1 for a 0 d drying period and 1530 (±602) MPs g−1 for a 3 d drying period, confirming that the MP concentration in road dust increased with the increase in drying period. Among the detected substances, black particles accounted for the highest proportion (72%) and were found to be bitumen and tyre particles. This study also confirmed that the MPs accumulated on roads were washed away when rainfall exceeded a certain amount.


As a rallying point of foreign enterprises in modern China,Shanghai exceeded the other cities of China in the number of investing countries,the total sum of investment and distribution of industries.The upsurge of Shanghai as the first municipality of China,an internationally famous city and great harbor of the world,has much to do with the drive of overseas investment.The overseas investment made the Shanghai economy prosper,and the prosperous economy in turn attracted more overseas investment to the city.The success of Shanghai attributed to the right way of using the investment.


More than two years have passed since the pandemic and despite all the efforts of researchers, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not yet been resolved. Multisystem involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, and pathophysiological changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral organs have been shown in many studies. However, the molecular mechanism of these pathophysiological changes caused by COVID-19 has not been elucidated. The frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the change in the interaction of the virus with host cells have further complicated the pathogenetic mechanism in COVID-19. Unfortunately, the mechanism determined at the beginning of the pandemic and based on the single receptor tropism of ACE2 was insufficient to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 causes retinoid signaling defects and chemosensory receptor disorders and exerts its pathogenic effects through these mechanisms. Multisystem involvement and different clinical presentations in COVID-19 suggest that virus-host interaction develops through multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The previous mechanism described via ACE2, based on single-receptor tropism, was insufficient to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 due to the absence of ACE2 receptors in most of the affected organs. In addition, there is no satisfactory explanation for the mechanism by which ACE2-free organs are affected by COVID-19. In this regard, we think that ACE2 is not a true binding receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With recent molecular docking studies, STRA6 and its GPCRs were identified as new binding receptors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These studies have brought a multi-receptor mechanism to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The multi-receptor mechanism clearly illuminates the complex pathogenesis of retinoid signaling disorder, systemic organ involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, loss of smell and taste, and many other peripheral symptoms and signs, which are considered an enigma in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, we suggest retinoid signaling defect as the main pathogenetic disorder in COVID-19 and STRA6 and GPCRs as the main binding receptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This new mechanism also clarifies the changing symptoms and findings in COVID-19 with each new variant. In addition, these studies have revealed new signaling pathways and drug targets for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19.


Nowadays, electricity has become a priority in daily life and can even be considered as a primary human need. On the other hand, the excessive use of electricity or energy and the increase in population is one of the factors that can increase energy requirements. In Indonesia, the use of electricity comes from very limited natural resources. Therefore, energy savings should be implemented, either by using as necessary or even making an update that can sustain existing electrical energy. Apart from saving energy, it would be better to create new energy with minimal effort. Like producing energy from daily human activities, one of it is walking. The result is the creation of Kinetic Paving material technology that when people step on it will produce electricity. The benefits of this technology can create electricity that can be used for the environment of this kinetic paving. As for lighting in paving as lighting art or as a source of energy for surrounding buildings. Kinetic Paving is applied in pedestrian traffic spaces. This energy is expected to help the community and the surrounding environment. This is an update that should have been implemented. When natural resources are getting low and energy prices are getting higher, we need all these reforms.


Larmor has shown that if the upper atmosphere contains electrons (charge ε, mass m, density ν) and if collisions between these electrons and molecules—and also the forces between the electrons themselves—are negligible, then electric waves are propagated as if the dielectric constant of the medium were reduced by , from which it appears that, so long as the approximations are valid, the velocity of propagation of the waves can be increased indefinitely by increasing either the electron density or the wave-length λ. Several later authors have attempted to take account of the collisions between electrons and molecules, assuming free paths or velocities according to Maxwell's laws for a uniform gas, and it appears that the above law holds only for short waves; but it is doubtful how far the properties of a uniform gas can be assumed when periodic forces are acting. In the first part of this paper an alternative method of solution is given by means of Boltzmann's integral equation for a non-uniform gas, the analysis being similar to that used by Lorentz in discussing the motion of free electrons in a metal. Only the case when ν is small is considered, i.e. the interactions of electrons with one another and with positive ions are neglected. How far it is possible to increase the velocity of propagation by increasing ν is a more difficult question, but it seems possible that the forces between the electrons and ions may impose a limit just as collisions with neutral molecules limit the effect of increasing the wave-length.


This research compared the light response parameters,spectral reflectance,spectral reflectance indices and pigment content of five Acer species in the Changbai Mountain to analyze the differences and similarities of physiological and ecological characteristics among species,and to explore the relationship between photosynthetic and spectral reflectance characteristics.The results showed that A.mandshuricum was the most adaptable species to the understory light environment with maximum photosynthetic rate(Amax) and light saturation point(LSP) significantly higher than the other four Acer species(P 0.05).There was a spectral reflectance peak around 550 nm,which can be used to detect different species.Both chlorophyll normalized difference index(ChlNDI) and photochemical reflectance index(PRI) of A.mandshuricum were significantly higher than the other four Acer species(P 0.05).The ChlNDI of five Acer species are positively correlated with chlorophyll content,and also related to the Amax.


High-voltage transmission parts of energy-saturated machines are made of cemented steels subjected to chemical-thermal treatment. In low carbon steel, a strong high carbon surface layer is formed with a relatively soft and viscous core of the product. Non-destructive magnetic control of the depth of the hardened layer is based on the difference in the physical properties of the surface layer and the core of the product. The coercive force Hc has received the greatest application for quality control of surface hardening. One of the most common methods for controlling the properties of products made of ferromagnetic materials according to the results of the indirect determination of Hc is the "point pole" method. The modern implementation of the "point pole" method is implemented in the device "Magnetic Sorter MS-1". The device measures the gradient of the normal component of the remanent magnetization field above the point of contact of the magnet pole with the surface of the product being monitored. The studis showed that there is a close correlation between the carburizing depth of the studied samples of 18KhGT steel and the readings of the MS-1 device. This is a prerequisite for the development of a non-destructive method for controlling the quality of cementation of gears of transmissions of mobile machines.


This research examines the effects of surface irrigation water quality and water table position on the ability o f selected plant species to produce biomass and crude protein, and to remove the base cations sodium (Na""), calcium (Ca+2), and magnesium (Mg4"2) from shallow groundwater. It was hypothesized that selected plant species could effectively produce biomass and crude protein, and potentially remove salts from shallow groundwater. Columns were arranged in the greenhouse as a two water quality x three water table positions x three plant species randomized complete block experiment. Water qualities were simulated coalbed methane product water (treatment) and simulated Powder River water (control). Three water table positions were maintained at 114, 76, and 38 centimeters from the column soil surface. Wytana saltbush {Atriplex wytana), Big saltbrush (Atriplex lentiformis) and Maritime barley (Hordeum marinium) were selected for their livestock forage and salt tolerant (halophytic) characteristics. Columns irrigated with simulated coalbed methane water had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) than those irrigated with simulated Powder River water. Mean EC and SAR increased linearly with time at all water table positions in both the control and treatment. EC and SAR increased the fastest in columns maintained at the 38 cm or shallowest water table position. Column EC and SAR did not increase at the same rate over time due to differences in soil surface evaporation, plant water use, and the preferential removal o f calcium (Ca4"2) from shallow groundwater. Hordeum marinium produced more biomass, but did not contain the quality o f crude protein found in the Atriplex species. Atriplex lentiformis produced the highest quality forage. Plant species responded to water table position more than water quality. Both. Atriplex species produced the most biomass at the 38 cm water table position, while Hordeum marinium produced the most biomass at the 76 cm water table position. Atriplex lentiformis removed more sodium (Na4"1), calcium (Ca4"2), and magnesium (Mg4"2) than Hordeum marinium and Atriplex wytana at all water table positions in both the simulated Powder River and coalbed methane water treatments.


Multi-hop WLAN is convenient option to deploy tentative network while it doesn't support multi-vendor and it could be an issue to secure Internet connectivity for at tentative location. We propose wireless device which has both WLAN AP and client capabilities simultaneously. WLAN client interface doesn't have interoperability issue, and also it can be used to connect the multi-hop network to Internet via public WLAN hotspot. We proved that the device worked by series of experiments. This concept can be extended to other wireless technologies such as WiMAX and/or 3G mobile, and can be used to interconnect heterogeneous wireless networks.


XXII. Studies on the Scottish Marine Fauna: The Natural Faunistic Divisions of the North Sea as shown by the Quantitative Distribution of the Molluscs. By A. C. STEPHEN, B . S c , R o y a l S c o t t i s h M u s e u m . ( W i t h S e v e n T e x t f i g u r e s ) . . . . . (Issued May 19, 1933.) XXIII. The Diurnal Incidence of Disturbance in the Terrestrial Magnetic Field. By A. CRICHTON M I T C H E L L , D . S C . ( W i t h O n e T e x t f i g u r e ) . . . . . . . . (Issued May 18, 1933.) XXIV. The Late-Glacial Readvance Moraines of the Highland Border West of the River Tay. By J. B. SIMPSON, B.Sc.(Agr.), D.Sc., (With Three Plates and Two Text-figures) . (Issued May 30, 1933.) XXV. The Early Stages in the Development of Cavia. By NORMAN H. W. MACLAREN, Ph.D., F.L.S., Lecturer in Embryology, University of Glasgow, and THOMAS H. BRYCE, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Anatomy, University of Glasgow. (With Five Plates and Two Text-figures) . . . . . . . . . . . (Issued June 22, 1933.) XXVI. Notes on the Kidston Collection of Fossil Plant Slides. No. II. The Anatomy of the Axis of Bothrodendron mundum Williamson sp. By MARY G. CALDER, B.SC. Communicated by S. WILLIAMS, M.SC, Ph.D. (With One Plate and Two Text-figures) . (Issued July 24, 1933.) XXVII. Stratigraphical Observations in the Stor Fjord Region of Spitsbergen. By G. W. TYRRELL, A.R.C.Sc, D.Sc, F.G.S., Lecturer in Geology, University of Glasgow. With an Appendix on the Mesozoic Fossils from Spitsbergen collected by Dr G. W. Tyrrell. By J. WEIR, Ph.D., D.Sc, F.G.S. (With One Plate and Five Text-figures) (Issued September 6, 1933.) XXVIII. The Structure of the Foot in certain Mosses and in Anthoceros Icevis. By NELLIE M. B L A I K L E Y , M . S C ( D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y , U n i v e r s i t y o f R e a d i n g ) . C o m m u n i c a t e d by P r o f e s s o r J . R . M A T T H E W S . ( W i t h T e n T e x t f i g u r e s ) . . . . . (Issued September 11, 1933.) XXIX. A Contribution to the Experimental Morphology of Lycopodium Selago, with special reference to the Development of Adventitious Shoots. By S. WILLIAMS, M.SC, Ph.D., L e c t u r e r i n P l a n t M o r p h o l o g y i n t h e U n i v e r s i t y of G l a s g o w . ( W i t h T h r e e P l a t e s a n d T w e l v e T e x t f i g u r e s ) . . . . . . . . . . . (Issued October 2, 1933.) X X X . On the Feeding Mechanism of Certain Marine Ostracods. By H. GRAHAM CANNON, Sc.D., Beyer Professor of Zoology in the Victoria University of Manchester. (With Eleven Text-figures) . . . . . . . . (Issued October 4, 1933.) XXXI. Studies on the Reproductive System in the Guinea-Pig : Post-partum Repair of the Uterus, and the Associated Appearances in the Ovaries. By THOMAS NICOL, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S.E., Senior Lecturer in Anatomy, University of Glasgow. (With Two Plates) (Issued November 30, 1933.) XXXII. Studies on the Scottish Marine Fauna : Quantitative Distribution of the Echinoderms and the Natural Faunistic Divisions of the North Sea. By A. C. STEPHEN, B .SC, R o y a l S c o t t i s h M u s e u m , E d i n b u r g h . ( W i t h F o u r T e x t f i g u r e s ) . . . . (Issued February 6, 1934.) XXXIII. The Sequence of Floras in the Upper Carboniferous, with special reference to South Wales. By EMILY DIX, D . S C , F.G.S., Bedford College for Women, London. Communicated by Dr JOHN PRINGLE. (With Four Text-figures) . . (Issued March 7, 1934.) XXXIV. Geology of the Outer Hebrides. Part V.—North Harris and Lewis. J E H U , M . A . , M . D . , F . G . S . , a n d R . M . C R A I G , M . A . , D . S c , F . G . S . a n d O n e T e x t f i g u r e ) . . . . . . . . (Issued March 30, 1934.) By Professor T. J. (With Five Plates


Changes in the berry weight, volume and chemical constituents were determined in Thompson Seedless, Gulabi, Black Champa and Bangalore Blue grapes trained to 6-arm kniffin system at weekly interval from veraison tm maturity (January 28 to March 2). Berry weight and size increased from veraison till harvest in all the cultivars studied except in Bangalore blue where the weight increments after the third sampling date were not significant. Berry volume too did not increase appreciably beyond third week. Total soluble solids and its ratio with acids increased steadily from veraison tm maturity. Conversely, the acid content in the berries decreased steadily after veraison until maturity.


Case Report Scimitar syndrome is characterized by a combination of cardiopulmonary anomalies including partial anomalous pulmonary venous return connection of the right lung to the inferior caval vein leading to the creation of a left-to-right shunt CT. Chest angiography is the reference examination to confirm the diagnosis. We present the radiological aspects of this malformation through these three observations while specifying the interest of the CT angiography in this diagnosis.


Author's summary.— A close correlation between language courses from their beginning might increase their transfer value to English during the first two years.


Abstract:Canon 1374 was the section of the 1917 Code of Canon Law that prohibited Catholics from attending non-Catholic educational institutions. Enacted at a time of increasing hostility to the Catholic Church, it built upon previous efforts by the Vatican to limit exposure to forces deemed inimical to the faith. The promulgation of Canon 1374 was roughly concurrent with the enactment of compulsory schooling laws in the United States, and was invoked by some dioceses, parishes, and religious orders to attract educational enrollments and, in at least one instance, to achieve racial desegregation. Overall, however, the canon's impact was limited by inconsistent enforcement and by various economic, cultural, and geographic constraints on access to Catholic education. Yet Canon 1374 remains noteworthy as a reflection of both the strong Catholic commitment to education and of the limits of the church's ability to ensure compliance with its laws.


It offers accessories for electronic devices, such as headphones. Headphones may be provided with button controller assembly, the controller assembly button has the user-actuated buttons and a microphone. The microphone may be formed by mounting the microphone transducer printed circuit board. It may be mounted on the variator casing to form a sealed cavity for the transducer. Circuit may be mounted on a projecting portion of the microphone housing of the edge of a printed circuit board. Button controller assembly may have a dome switch. The dome switch may have a dome switch member surrounding the inner housing and the structural member is formed as push-button controls. The housing structure may have a dome switch or other projection engagement features cooperating with corresponding engagement feature button member. By a user presses the button member to a desired excitation of the dome switch.


The chemical characterization of ceramics using neutron activation analysis (NAA) is rapidly becoming an important means of obtaining information about the nature of ceramic production and exchange in the Southwest. However, until now, NAA has never been applied to Pueblo III (A.D. 1150-1300) ceramics from the Mesa Verde region. This study involves the characterization of Mesa Verde black-on-white bowls from the Castle Rock and Sand Canyon Pueblo sites in southwestern Colorado. As the distinctions in the different clay sources are potentially very subtle, the precision and multielement analysis provided by NAA are considered essential for this project. The purpose of the analysis is to link ceramic compositional groups to raw clay sources in order to address issues of production and exchange.


We demonstrated a spot size converter integrated electroabsorption modulator associated with dual waveguide structure, which showed the optical insertion loss of -8 dB, the extinction ratio of 14 dB. The electrical S11 was smaller than -12 dB and S21 was larger than -2.6 dB up to the 60 GHz. The alignment tolerance with the additional 3 dB loss was plusmn2.95 mum for horizontal and plusmn2.75 mum for vertical directions.


The object of the invention is to use standard position-measuring systems for determining and optimizing operating accuracy. This object is achieved by a position-measuring system in which position data of an optional number of axes are scanned over a predetermined measuring interval and stored. The data obtained are converted and conditioned by signal-processing measures such that conclusions can be drawn about the actual degree of operating accuracy and the causes of any inaccuracies.


Abstract As a continuation of previous UHF calculations, the complete active space (CAS) configuration interaction (CI) calculations by use of their natural orbitals (UNO) were carried out for the linear tetranuclear systems, i.e., M1Cr(II)Cr(II)M1 (M1 = Ni(II) or Ni(0)), to elucidate the nature of the d-d conjugated bonds. The energy levels for the ground and excited high-spin states of these species were also calculated by' UNO CASCI to estimate the effective exchange integrals in the Heisenberg model.


Active Learning in the Online Classroom
The popularity of online classes has become more popular as a way to expand educational opportunities. Hospitality and tourism management programs in general require students to participate in internships so the flexibility of taking online courses is appealing. There has been evidence that there are certain strategies that are more effective in an online environment, just as there are those that are more effective in a face to face environment. Active learning is a tool that has been used in the face to face classroom and has been incorporated in the online learning environment. Active learning tactics have been defined as those that involve "students in doing things and (have the students) think about the things they are doing". Students have to take an active role in the online environment where as in the face to face classroom they can "hide". Inherently online learning requires the student to be a more active participant. The level of success in an online classroom can be improved upon if the instructor has a solid knowledge of how to facilitate active learning using current classroom tools.


In nature, photosynthetic organisms are exposed to highly dynamic environmental conditions where the excitation energy and electron flow in the photosynthetic apparatus need to be continuously modulated. Fluctuations in incident light are particularly challenging since they drive oversaturation of photosynthesis, with consequent oxidative stress and photoinhibition. Plants and algae have evolved several mechanisms to modulate their photosynthetic machinery to cope with light dynamics, such as thermal dissipation of excited chlorophyll states (Non-Photochemical Quenching, NPQ) and regulation of electron transport. The regulatory mechanisms involved in the response to light dynamics have adapted during evolution and exploring biodiversity is a valuable strategy for expanding our understanding of their biological roles. In this work, we investigated the response to fluctuating light in Nannochloropsis gaditana, a eukaryotic microalga of the phylum Heterokonta originating from a secondary endosymbiotic event. N. gaditana is negatively affected by light fluctuations, leading to large reductions in growth and photosynthetic electron transport. Exposure to light fluctuations specifically damages photosystem I, likely because of ineffective regulation of electron transport in this species. The role of Non-Photochemical Quenching, also assessed using a mutant strain specifically depleted of this response, was instead found to be minor, especially in responding to the fastest light fluctuations.


Objective To investigate the effects of Icariin on anoxic and glucose-deprived injury in primary cultured neurons. Methods Primary cultured cortical neurons of Wistar rats were studied. The degree of damage to neurons of control group, model group and Icariin group (final concentration 0.25 mg/L、0.5 mg/L、1mg/L) was reflected by the cells viability, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and morphologic changes at anoxic and glucose-deprived different time points (4、6、8h), respectively. Results The absorbance of MTT in model group was significantly decreased compared with that of control group at different anoxic and glucose-deprived time points(4、6、8 h P0.01). The release percentage of LDH of model group was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the model group, treatment with Icariin (final concentration 0.25 mg/L、0.5mg/L、1mg/L) in vitro could promote cell activities of anoxic and glucose-deprived injured neurons by increasing absorbance, decreasing the release of LDH and thus decreased morphologic changes of neurons. Conclusion Icariin could protect neurons against anoxic and glucose-deprived injury, which indicate that the drug might be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic brain vascular diseases.


. Broadband radio interferometers have been developed to locate the sources of VHF/UHF radiation from lightning discharges in three spatial dimensions (3D) and time. In a previous work, a VHF broadband digital interferometer has been used to estimate the 3D lightning location from only one site. In order to study the accuracy of this algorithm, a cross check of one site 3D VHF broadband digital interferometer with Phased Array Radar (PAR) system will be introduced in this paper. In August 18, 2012, VHF pulses from lightning flashes have been recorded by VHF digital broadband interferometer LIB site located in Nara, Japan. On the same day the precipitation profile has been recorded using Phased Array RADAR (PAR) located in Osaka University. The 3D locations of four flashes are compared with the PAR horizontal and Range-Height Indicator RHI scan images. This comparison introduced a good correlation between 3D VHF broadband digital interferometer algorithm and the precipitation profiles recorded by PAR.


This mixed methods study aimed to assess student engagement during the flipped model of instruction in two seventh-grade English language arts (ELA) classrooms. Implementation of the flipped model required students (n=183) and teachers (n=2) to use digital technology via a website and teacher-made videos. It compared student perceptions during a flipped unit to those same students' perceptions during a traditionally taught unit. A hybrid embedded design and case study interviews were used to assess students' cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement. Data analysis revealed that overall student engagement decreased in the flipped unit and that students were divided in their reactions to the flipped method with one student poignantly writing on the survey, "Just don't bore us to death." This work is significant in that it is among the first to examine whether course content matters when utilizing the flipped method and whether student engagement in the traditional ELA curriculum is unique due its emphasis on discussion and holistic assessment.


A new titanium-catalyzed hydrosilylation of esters is described. The procedure is experimentally simple and efficient, and uses inexpensive materials to convert esters into the corresponding primary alcohols. The reaction also displays a moderate level of tolerance toward other easily reducible organic functional groups such as olefins, epoxides and halides. A modification of the reaction conditions is described in which fiveand six-membered-ring lactones are converted to the corresponding lactols in high yields. A second-generation catalyst system is presented which cleanly hydrosilylates esters to silyl ethers at 40-55 C. These intermediates can be easily converted to the corresponding primary alcohols via aqueous acid or alkaline hydrolysis in excellent overall yield. The reaction is catalyzed by several early transition-metal alkoxides. It can be carried out in the air, without solvent, and displays a high level of functional group compatibility. The first early transition-metal catalyzed enyne cyclization reaction is described. The system converts enyne substrates to bicyclic iminocyclopentenes through the use of 10 mol % of Cp2 Ti(PMe 3 )2 in the presence of a silyl cyanide. Subsequent hydrolysis produces the corresponding bicyclic cyclopentenones in good overall yield. The cyclization reaction is tolerant of polar function groups such as ethers, amines, and esters and is diastereoselective for certain chiral enyne substrates. Thesis Supervisor: Professor Stephen L. Buchwald Title: Professor of Chemistry


We present resolved images of the dust continuum emission from the debris disk around the young (80–200 Myr) solar-type star HD 107146 with CARMA at λ = 1.3 mm and the CSO at λ = 350 μ. Both images show that the dust emission extends over an approximately 10″ diameter region. The high-resolution (3″) CARMA image further reveals that the dust is distributed in a partial ring with significant decrease in a flux inward of 97 AU. Two prominent emission peaks appear within the ring separated by ∼140° in the position angle. The morphology of the dust emission is suggestive of dust captured into a mean motion resonance, which would imply the presence of a planet at an orbital radius of ∼45–75 AU.


Newly discovered resonances with extremely narrow widths are treated in the framework of colour-symmetric three-triplet model. Their decays including radiative modes are discussed. Consequences are compared with the charm-scheme. Provided we introduce a "momentum cutoff" for decaying particles and smaller effective radiative couplings (inversely proportional to parent masses), these resonances are explained fairly well not only by the charm-scheme but also by the colour-scheme.


Solitary or multiple lipomas in dogs may occur almost anywhere in the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, gluteal region and proximal limbs, although they rarely originate from abdominal fat deposits. In the present report, we describe a case of a massive rupture of necrotic omental lipoma, and free fat release within the abdominal cavity, causing a severe chronic infl ammatory reaction of the peritoneum and resulting in sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis of several abdominal organs.


As a professional society of physicians whose goal is excellence in medicine, we see a system failing all who are a part of it—patients, physicians and other health professionals, purchasers, and insurers. Most of the problems have been well documented: over 35 million Americans without health coverage, excessive utilization of high technology coexisting with substandard care, astonishing increases in spending without commensurate gains in health status, acute care promoted at the expense of preventive services and technology-based care at the expense of primary care.


Navigation to target structures during interventional procedures is based on pre-intervention imaging data sets. Thereby respiration causes a spatial displacement of internal organs, providing two challenges for which compensation strategies are needed. The pre-intervention image quality is adversely affected through motion artifacts. Additionally, the movement of the internal organs during the intervention affects the accuracy of the navigation. To address these issues information about respiration phases (inspiration, expiration) and mode (thoracic, abdominal) is needed.