Many are the conditions which must be fulfilled if the Great Society is to become a Great Community …. The highest and most difficult kind of inquiry and a subtle, delicate, vivid and responsive art of communication must take possession of the physical machinery of transmission and circulation and breath life into it. When the machine age has thus perfected its machinery, it will be a means of life and not its despotic master. – John Dewey (1938)

Social accounts of learning and human knowledge have led to attempts to reorganize schools as learning communities. This paper examines the utility of the World Wide Web for aiding in the construction of school-based and work-based learning communities. An ordered list of interactions is provided to characterize the depth of students' entry into new learning communities. Current offerings on the World Wide Web are then surveyed in terms of these categories. Finally, proposals are advanced for enhancing the architecture of the WWW to facilitate its use for the creation and operation of learning communities.


Abstract:By analyzing the Soviet Politburo's decrees, I seek to reconstruct the blueprint that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) devised for organizing the post-World War II Korean provisional government. The CPSU obstructed the antitrusteeship forces' participation in the US-USSR Joint Commission, aiming to establish a government dominated by the left. Under the Soviet Union's suggested arrangement, the provisional government could exercise legislative and administrative authority only under the Commission's control. Despite believing that rule under a trusteeship would best secure Korea's autonomy, the Soviets did not specify a process for Korea's transition to complete independence.


An online user joins multiple social networks in order to enjoy dierent services. On each joined social network, she creates an identity and constitutes its three major dimensions namely prole, content and connection network. She largely governs her identity formulation on any social network and therefore can manipulate multiple aspects of it. With no global identier to mark her presence uniquely in the online domain, her online identities remain unlinked, isolated and dicult to search. Earlier research has explored the above mentioned dimensions, to search and link her multiple identities with an assumption that the considered dimensions have been least disturbed across her identities. However, majority of the approaches are restricted to exploitation of one or two dimensions. We make a rst attempt to deploy an integrated system Finding Nemo which uses all the three dimensions of an identity to search for a user on multiple social networks. The system exploits a known identity on one social network to search for her identities on other social networks. We test our system on two most popular and distinct social networks { Twitter and Facebook. We show that the integrated system gives better accuracy than the individual algorithms. We report experimental ndings in the paper.


Local anesthetics are not only used as drugs to block the sodium channel to provide analgesia and anti-arrhythmic action. The purpose of this review is to highlight the new indications and limitations of this class of drugs. Recent research has focused on the use of i.v. local anesthetics to improve bowel function after surgery or trauma, to protect the central nervous system, to find new clues of local anesthetic effects in chronic neuropathic pain and to investigate the long-term effect of anesthesia / analgesia provided by local anesthetics on cancer recurrence. Recent facts dealing with myoand chondrotoxicity are presented. There is growing evidence that local anesthetics have a broad spectrum of indications aside analgesia and anti-arrhythmic effect. Most of them are still insufficiently known and investigated. These new indications will no doubt be intensively studied in the coming years.


This paper aims to describe the meanings and methods of the construction of archives concerning people's everyday life histories with the case of Group for the People without history. It seems to be necessary to have a common ground for the researchers who are interested in so-called microhistoric approaches in order to do interdisciplinary studies, and it would be archives preserving various kinds of data from various research sites. The construction of archives in Group for the People without History will be a good example for such a project even though the archives are still being under construction. Group for the People without History has been working for about three years to collect raw data on people's life histories, and constructing archives to preserve those data. However, the archives are different from conventional archives in pursuing open archives, which means that the archives are open to informants as well as researchers. It is the main characteristics of the archives, which means that the principle of the archives is toward a process-oriented activity. Each datum is classified according to its own class number and stored in boxes classified on the basis of media. Each datum has also metadata for the construction of future digital archives. The class numbers are made by the archival committee of the Group. and the metadata format is adapted from the Doublin Core. However. there are some problems to be solved in the construction of the archives. First. how can we define the role of archivists in this kind of archives? Traditionally. archivists are regarded as archival managers. But in the archives of the Group requires archivists to be record managers as well as researchers. The best solution of the problem at this moment is to educate archival techniques to researchers. Secondly, we have to define archival units of data which have the formats of texts and moving pictures. To preserve the vividness and the richness of the data. each datum should be divided into smaller units called paragraphs or sequences. It may be time-consuming and costly task, but it will be solved if we move to digital archives. The third problem is how to produce a classification system on the basis of indigenous knowledge in order to make the archives more accessible. We need to adopt the method developed by cognitive anthropologists, folk taxonomy. Though it is not easy to apply the method to such a big domain called people's everyday life histories, it would not be impossible if we subcategorize it into smaller domains. From the review of the archives of the Group for the People without History, it goes without saying that a construction of archives will provide the researcher of microhistory with a good common ground to communicate one another. Furthermore, the archives will be a source of culture contents, and stimulate the development of culture industries and fulfill popular desires.


A toy launching assembly (10) for pneumatically launching toy projectiles (20). The toy launching assembly (10) has a base structure (12) that contains an open port (50). A tube carousel (14) rotates atop the base structure (12). The tube carousel (14) holds a plurality of launching tubes (16). A pulse of air is generated by rapidly compressing an air bladder (18). The pulse of air travels through an air hose (19) to the base structure (12). Within the base structure (12), the pulse of air directed to the open port (50) under the tube carousel (14). An indexing mechanism (52) is used to rotates the tube carousel (14) and sequentially positions one of the launching tubes (16) over the open port (50) each time the air bladder (18) is sufficiently compressed.


A.I. has revolutionized the drug discovery process by enabling researchers to analyze vast amounts of data and generate insights that would be difficult for humans to identify. A.I. is used in various applications such as target identification, drug screening, drug optimization, and clinical trial design and execution. This has led to more effective drugs and better patient outcomes. The use of A.I. in drug discovery is expected to increase in the coming years. This paper provides an analysis of the top 27 Pharma companies giants, along with a case study of Abbvie Inc. on their use of A.I. in the pharmaceutical industry.


It is generally acknowledged in the international business literature that competitive potentials of firms and nations depend partly on the configuration of resource that they possess as well as their linkages with institutions, markets, and other firms internationally. It has also been argued that high growth-oriented firms are more able to take advantage of such potentials. This paper explores the extent to which these arguments can be applied to the analysis of the economic development challenges and potentials of Sub-Sahara African countries.To this end, the paper develops an integrated framework for analysing the relationships between the key determinants. The discussions suggest that aspects of the African civil society and culturescan be growth constraining and thereby deny nascent entrepreneurial firms the opportunity to leverage the resources that their local as well as international business environments may offer.


MetPregTM is a technology in which fiber reinforced metals are produced using all the traditional composite processing techniques such as pultrusion, filament winding, tape placement, hot pressing, and vacuum bagging. This work is significant for applications where the high specific properties and temperature capability of metal matrix composites provide benefits over conventional monolithic metals and organic composites. Touchstone's metal matrix composite (MMC) technology has advanced significantly in the areas of filament winding and tape production. The MMC filament winding process is now capable of winding hoop and helical plies. Hydroburst testing of recent cylinder specimens have demonstrated delivered fiber strength of 320 ksi, which represents a translation efficiency of 80%. This process is now ready to move to the next step of winding end domes and closures. The MetPreg tape manufacturing process has been extended into other materials combinations. Prepreg tape made from highstrength aluminum alloy matrices shows great promise for applications demanding high compression strength. Tape has also been manufactured with continuous carbon fibers in a magnesium matrix. This product is a potential beryllium replacement material and could also be used to manufacture lightweight mortar bipod leg tubes. This paper describes Touchstone's recent efforts to advance this unique technology.


According to the study on the temporal niche, spatial niche and two-dimentional niche in time and space of main pest and enemy guilds in peach garden, the utilization of main pest and enemy guilds on the time and space were analyzed. The correlation of enemy guilds and their impacts on their pests were evaluated. The result showed that Tetragnathidae, Linyphidae and Predatory bugs were the main natural enemies of mites and moths rolling leaves, which could control the main pests in the peach garden effectively.


Early identification and adequate treatment of children who stutter is important, since it has an impact on speech development. Considering the importance of aiding pediatricians to recognize children at risk for developing persistent stuttering, the aim of the present study was to correlate speech fluency characteristics of children, whose parents reported stuttering behaviors, to the risk factors of persistent stuttering. The participants were 419 children aged 2:0 to 11:11 years, who were divided into two groups: children with stuttering complaints (CSC), composed of children whose parents reported the presence of stuttering behaviors; and children with no stuttering complaint (CNSCs), composed of children with no stuttering behaviors. Risk variables were gathered based on a questionnaire answered by parents involving the following variables: sex, presence of family history of stuttering, whether stuttering behaviors were observed for more than 12 months, whether stuttering behaviors began before 5 years of age, increased effort to speak (i.e., syllable and sound repetitions and fixed articulatory positions), negative family attitude towards the child's speech, and negative attitude towards the child's own speech. The diagnosis of stuttering was determined by a formal speech assessment by a pathologist (SLP). The risk analysis indicated that increased effort to speak, negative family attitude towards the child's speech, and complaints of stuttering for more than 12 months were associated with a higher risk of stuttering in children. Therefore, when pediatricians are faced with complaints about the presence of stuttering behaviors and these factors are present, they should immediately refer the patient to an SLP for specific assessment.


With the burgeoning of IoE (Internet of Everything), massive numbers of IoT devices in entensive fields are continuously producing huge number of time series, named as streaming time series (STS). The high dimensionality and dynamic uncertainty of STS lead to the main challenge on traditional time series data mining research. Accordingly, time series representation methods could not only reduce the original high dimensionality of streaming time series, but also contain the main temporal features of raw time series. More importantly, time series representation has been regarded as an necessary preprocessing tool to provide data support for the smooth progress of follow-up research. In this paper, we propose a novel online time series representation approach called continuous segmentation and diversified representation framework (CSDRF) for streaming time series, which contains two different types of time series representation results. The subsequent experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that CSDRF could not only provide the corresponding results to meet the diverse needs of different users, but also provide the corresponding qualified symbolic representation results for time series clustering.


Hegel treats three religions as transitional between the religions of nature and those of spirit. The first of the transitional religions that he explores is Zoroastrianism, the religion of ancient Persia. This religion was founded by the prophet and religious teacher Zoroaster, also called Zerdusht or Zarathustra, in a time of great antiquity, the exact date of which is still a matter of scholarly debate. Zoroaster is said to have written the hymns known as the Gathas, which constitute a part of the Avesta, the sacred text of this religion. Hegel portrays this religion as fundamentally dualistic with a god of good in opposition to a god of evil. He claims that this dualistic picture needs to be overcome with a third, speculative element that unites the two, but this conception only appears later.


A two-fluid one-dimensional model has been developed to predict the wall temperature of an internally heated tube during inverted annular flow film boiling (IAFB). The model is derived using basic conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. To simplify the derivation of the constitutive heat transfer relations, flow between two parallel plates is assumed. The model features shear stress and interfacial relations that make it accurately predict the parametric effects and heat transfer characteristics of IAFB over a wide range of flow conditions. The model predicts wall temperatures of R-134a-cooled tubes with an average error of —1.21 % and a rms error of 6.37%. This corresponds to average and rms errors in predicted heat transfer coefficients of 1.33% and 10.07%, respectively. Using water data, the model predicts wall temperatures with an average error of —1.76% and a rms error of 7.78%, which corresponds to average and rms errors in predicted heat transfer coefficients of 4.16% and 15.06%, respectively.


(57) [summary] [resolution object of the present invention is to provide a light-weight core for sliding boards that can be handled the mechanical load applied to the sliding board. A core member (32), tip end (3 And 4), the tail end portion (36), edges (38, 40) If, longitudinal axis extending in the tail end portion from the tip end (5 6), the transverse axis extending to the edge from the edge (58) If, perpendicular vertical axis to the longitudinal axis and a transverse axis (60) When comprises a first anisotropic structure having a first main spindle (54) and (52). The first principal axis (54), the longitudinal axis is oriented in a direction not parallel to either the transverse axis and a vertical axis.


In this work, a compact multi-input multi-output (MIMO) microstrip antenna is proposed by using modify fractal geometry. The proposed structure is derived from Koch fractal Metamaterial (MTM) to provide a further flexibility in the design process to maintain the antenna elements from electromagnetic coupling in their miniaturized array. Therefore, a compacted MIMO antenna array is resulted with high isolation at center frequency of 2.6 GHz when mounted on FR4 substrate of 1.6 mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 4.6. CST Microwave Studio is invoked to investigate the simulation antenna performance in terms of S-permeates and radiation properties. For validation, the proposed antenna performance is recalculated using HFSS software package based on finite element method.


ABSTRACT With the aim of identifying, at the western macro-region of Parana, the health workers submitted to precarious employment bonds, it was carried out a quantitative study, with simple descriptive statistical analysis, by using data from the National Registration of Health Establishments, collected on March, 2014. It was identified the presence of10.330 precarious bonds, which represent 36,46% of the research universe. The situation of precariousness of the employment bonds was mostly present among the higher education professionals that develop nuclear activities. It was observed the necessity to deepen studies about every dimension of pre-carious working in health. ERDS Labor force; Human resources in health; Employment; Labor relations; Health management. SAUDE DEBATE | rio de Janeiro, v. 39, n. 104, p. 18-29, Jan-Mar 2015 18 inculos de trabalho no setor saude o cenario da precariacao na macrorreiao este do Parana emploment bonds in the health sector: the precariousness scener at the estern macro-region of parana Br


Thank you for reading framework for the assessment of children in need and their families. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this framework for the assessment of children in need and their families, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Using the methods of literature review,investigation,mathematical statistics and so on,this paper compares the personnel training programs,professional curriculum,teachers troop construction of six sports colleges which first open the leisure sports major.The result shows that the construction of sports leisure major is at the preliminary stage in China.It also proposes to take the social needs to lead the professional development,and some strategies such as strengthening infrastructure and teaching materials construction,and increasing the teachers'training,in order to provide reference for improving the construction of leisure sports major in China.


Open data and global data citation of a scientific data have been discussed in international projects of scientific research field in recent years. Nowadays, internet services of them are gradually being provided. In these circumstances that a scientific researcher can manipulate large amounts of scientific data, the Informatics for Earth and Space Sciences fields is expecting the data-intensive science which provides new scientific knowledge or realizes multidisciplinary research by cloud computing technology. On the other hand, there are not much success cases of the data-intensive science because there are not many free cloud services which provides a storage with large capacity, high available and high security in addition to high performance computers at the disposal of users. Also, many scientific researchers are much concerned about security of cloud services according to the results of the questionnaire survey by a promotion project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) established about 500 CPU and 3 petabyte-scale cloud systems (NICT Science Cloud) for the data-intensive science. The NICT Science Cloud has data centers in 5 regions (Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka and Okinawa) of Japan and provides a distributed computing environment with the Gfarm file system on a 10Gbps Layer 2 network (JGN-X). Scientific researchers can use it anytime without charge. We introduce security approaches of a distributed storage system with the Gfarm in the NICT Science Cloud. In particular, we explain an application and a system to verify integrity, authenticity and traceability of stored data. Also, we discuss about a contribution of the approaches to the data-intensive science.


THE COST OF CAPITAL VARIES BETWEEN COUNTRIES AND THERE IS CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE RATE OF RETURN WHICH DIFFERENT COUNTRIES EXCEPT FROM PROJECTS. SOME OF THE DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN THE CALCULATION OF THE COST OF TRANSPORT OPERATIONS ARE REPORTED IN AUSTRALIA, CZECKOSLOVAKIA, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, INDIA AND JAPAN. THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RATE OF RETURN DEPENDS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF FINANCE AND THE OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF CAPITAL. AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF FINANCING DEVELOPMENT IS THE TOLL ROAD. HOWEVER, POLITICAL ISSUES ARE INVOLVED AND ONLY SPAIN AND PORTUGAL QUOTES SPECIFIC EXAMPLES WHERE THIS METHOD IS BEING USED. THE PROBLEM OF TRAFFIC IN TOWNS WAS SPECIFICALLY MENTIONED IN THE SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED FROM JAPAN, BELGIUM AND GREAT BRITAIN. PARKING PROBLEMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED IN GREAT BRITAIN. LONG-TERM PLANNING IS RECOMMENDED FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION. AT THE TIME OF THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF A ROAD PROJECT, MANY COUNTRIES MAKE PROVISIONS FOR ITS FUTURE EXPANSION. THE FRENCH REPORT ATTACHES MUCH IMPORTANCE TO THIS ASPECT, AND STUDIES HAVE CONCENTRATED ON DETERMINING THE POINT AT WHICH IT BECOMES ECONOMICALLY SOUND TO CONSTRUCT A 4-LANE RATHER THAN A 2-LANE ROAD. MAINTENANCE COSTS, VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SCHEMES ARE DISCUSSED.


The rate of crack propagation as a function of the stress intensity factor, K1, for chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) ZnSe was significantly larger in H2O than in air. Lower flexural strengths were measured in H2O (29 MN/m2) than in air (40 MN/m2). Fracture surface analysis of these flexural specimens showed that failure usually resulted from flaws contained within 1 or 2 large grains. These flaws were shown to propagate at a stress-intensity factor of 0.33 MN/m3/2 compared to the measured value of 0.70 MN/m3/2 for polycrystalline ZnSe. Fracture mechanics parameters obtained in the present study were used to show that failure time predictions using values of K1C for propagation through a single grain are 25 times shorter, and proof-to-service stress ratios are 1.1 times greater, than those obtained for polycrystalline ZnSe.


The reinforced concrete deck arch of Lancang River Da-Rui Railway bridge with a main span of 342 m is taken as background,a straight short column physical model representative of arch top section is designed.Based on elastic-plastic mechanics principle and considering material nonlinearity,an iterative numerical algorithm for analyzing the ultimate bearing capacity of the cross section of the short steel tube with infilled and outer concrete column subject to eccentric compressive loading is developed.The ultimate bearing capacity is determined with the developed algorithm and ANSYS solid-element-based analysis.It is shown that the bearing capacity of the eccentric compression component of steel tube with infilled and outer concrete is controlled by the outer concrete.Although the strength of the inner concrete has been increased to a certain extent,the inner concrete does not represent the confinable effect as developed in the pure concrete filled steel tube.When the load remains constant,the ultimate bearing capacity of the component tends to decrease with the increase of eccentricity(keeping small eccentricity invariant under compression).But it has higher capacity to resist the bending moment.The ultimate load coefficient at the cross section of bridge arch top is above 3.0,which is far greater than the safety factor of 2.0 required by the design code.It indicates that the cross section of the bridge arch top is safe enough.The difference in the results obtained from the developed algorithm and ANSYS is less than 6%.The results of the ultimate bearing capacity of the cross section obtained by the iterative numerical algorithm are slightly smaller,but can fully meet the requirements for engineering precision.It is concluded that the developed method can be reliably applied to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of this kind of components in engineering application.


The angular method (AS) cannot be used in long-distance propagation because it produces severe numerical errors due to the sampling problem in the transfer function. Two ways can solve this problem in AS for long-distance propagation. One is zero-padding to make sure that the calculation window is wide enough, but it leads to a huge calculation burden. The other is a method called band-limited angular spectrum (BLAS), in which the transfer function is truncated and results in that the calculation accuracy decreases as the propagation distance increases. In this paper, a new method called modified scaling angular spectrum (MSAS) to solve the problem for long-distance propagation is proposed. A scaling factor is introduced in MSAS so that the sampling interval of the input plane can be adjusted arbitrarily unlike AS whose sampling interval is restricted by the detector's pixel size. The sampling interval of the input plane is larger than the detector's pixel size so the size of calculation window suitable for long-distance field propagation in the input plane is smaller than the size of the calculation window required by the zero-padding. Therefore, the method reduces the calculation redundancy and improves the calculation speed. The results from simulations and experiments show that MSAS has a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the calculation accuracy of MSAS is better than BLAS.


Abstract The three roll planetary rolling of copper tubes is a single pass and large deformation process. In the present paper, the temperature of the copper tube exceeds its recrystallisation temperature as a result of the heat energy generated from severe deformation and friction work. Therefore, the grain size and mechanical properties of the copper tube change fiercely. The constitutive equations of the copper tube were also derived and used as a material model. The dynamic recrystallisation and grain growth models of the copper tube were developed. The grain distribution rules of the copper tube were obtained by integrating the microstructure evolution model into finite element simulation. The grain sizes of the copper tube under different parameters were predicted by artificial neural network. It is in good agreement with the measured results, which can be used in optimising the properties of the rolled copper tube.


Washing or cleaning composition shaped body having at least two cavities in the form of through holes, characterized in that at least two of these cavities are filled with active washing or cleaning compositions, and the composition in one of the cavities is different from the composition in another cavity.


focus NSF REU sites program w We have completed the fourth year of collaboration on a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program at Western Carolina University (WCU) and the University of South Florida (USF). Our goal for this project, consistent with those of the NSF-REU program, is to provide promising undergraduate students with a complete, mentored research experience, so that they will be better prepared for graduate school or professional pursuits and will more likely pursue a career in science. Unlike many of the successful REU sites in the geo-sciences, ours is structured as a single, ongoing collaborative group research project, in which students and faculty mentor/colleagues work together on a single, over-arching research question. We actively involve students in all aspects of the research, from inception, through data collection and analysis, to presentation of results in a professional forum. We believe that both our collaborative faculty-student team approach, based on the model for REU sites described in the REU Program RFP (NSF 2002), and our involvement of students in the complete research experience have been critical to the successful funding and implementation of the program. In our experience, and based on the wisdom of students and reviewers alike, it is important that the student participants contribute to a significant and interesting scientific problem, and that the scope of the project is challenging, but attainable by undergraduates during the summer program. The scientific focus of our program has been to assess the geologic origins and tectonic significance of ultramafic and mafic rock associations in the high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Eastern Blue Ridge in western North Carolina. These rocks are appealing as the focus of an undergraduate research project, as noted in our proposals, because they are distributed widely, preserve more information regarding their geologic history than the units that enclose them, are known to occur in several modern plate tectonic settings globally, and are of significant economic importance in the region. In addition, these rocks are easily recognizable in the field, represent relatively simple chemical systems, and are exposed on a scale that allowed the definition of focused, field-based problems. Further, students could collect a significant body of high-quality data using relatively straightforward tools of laboratory analysis. Early reviewers expressed concerns about the complex nature of the geology and terrain. We allayed those concerns by noting the limited scope of the field projects and …


Objective To study if laboratory test report (LTR) had been polluted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and had infectiousness in the medical records saved by the department of information of an infectious disease hospital. Methods 150 medical records saved by the department of information in the recent 30 years were collected with the random sampling methods. They were divided into three groups by every 10 years, each group had 50 cases. The samples for detection of HBV were collected with HBV standard collection methods from the LTR surface in each medical records. HBsAg and HBV DNA were detected with the ELISA and dot hybridization. Results The rate of the LTR polluted by HBsAg and HBV DNA in the medical records in the recent 30 years was 16%~52% and 2%~24% respectively. For the positive rate of HBsAg?HBVDNA on the LTR, the longer time they saved, the lower positive rate they had;it was statistically significant (P 0.05 ). Conclusion The LTR had been polluted more badly by HBsAg?HBV DNA in the medical records of the infection hospital. They had definite infectiouness.


Proper irrigation management, especially for tomatoes that are sensitive to water, is the key to ensuring sustainable tomato production. Using a low-cost sensor coupled with IoT technology could help to achieve precise control of the moisture content in the plant root-zone soil and apply water on demand with minimum human intervention. An IoT-based precision irrigation system was developed for growing Momotaro tomato seedlings inside a dark chamber. Four irrigation thresholds, 5%, 8%, 12%, and 15%, and two irrigation systems, surface and subsurface drip irrigation, were compared to assess which threshold and irrigation system referred the ideal tomato seedling growth. As a result, the 12% soil moisture threshold applied through the subsurface drip irrigation system significantly (p < 0.05) increased tomato seedling growth in soil composed of a main blend of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite. Furthermore, in two repeated experiments, a subsurface drip irrigation system with 0.86 distribution uniformity used 10% less water than the surface drip irrigation system. The produced tomato seedlings were transplanted to open fields for further assessment. A low-power wide area networking (LoRaWAN) protocol was developed with remote monitoring and controlling capability for irrigation management. Two irrigation systems, including surface and subsurface drip irrigations, were used to compare which system resulted in higher tomato yields. The results showed that the subsurface drip irrigation system with 0.74 distribution uniformity produced 1243 g/plant, while each plant produced 1061 g in the surface drip irrigation system treatment. The results also indicated that the LoRaWAN-based subsurface drip irrigation system was suitable under outdoor conditions with easy operation and robust controlling capability for tomato production.


After all the wind power units totaling 5 500 MW of the Jiuquan first-phase wind power project are put into operation,some technical problems will arise,including the wind power transmission capacity,power consumption,FM peak load regulation,system stability and others.In addition,the power transmission project will substantially increase the construction and operation costs of power grid,which will bring significant impact on the economic benefits and operation management of the provincial power grid company.This paper calculates the variation of construction and operation cost of power grid caused by wind power collection transmission projects,analyzes the influences of large-scale wind power development on power grid company's operation management and economic benefit,and proposes some suggestions on perfecting relevant policies.


The performance of a slow-scan camera system using a silicon CCD fabricated specifically to have good performance in th near-rn a detector for Raman spectroscopy is described. The capabilities of the red-enhanced CCD for producing high-quality spectra with red excitation wavelengths at moderate laser powers and relatively short integration times are demonstrated using benzoic acid. The SNR performance is compared to a conventional CCD and an intensified photodiode array. Utility of the red-enhanced CCD system for a variety of applications is demonstrated with near-JR examples of resonance Raman, SERS, and conventional Raman with a low-power source. Problems associated with the sensitivity of CCDs in general, and the red-enhanced CCD in particular, to highenergy particles are described. Methods for minimizing the problem by adding shielding, using only the illuminated part of the detector, using multiple exposures, and using the minimum amount of binning necessary are presented.


The imprisonment of women for drug offenses and the impact of drug abuse on women and
the family, is a very important issue, which has been considered in the current Constitution
of the Republic of Ecuador approved in 2008 and very timely in the new Penal Code
Integral currently in the National Assembly for approval.
These very significant aspects contained in our Constitution that extend the law and human
rights institutions have meant a breakthrough in the recognition of the rights of women,
generating resources, activist organizations, and facilitated the legislation against all forms
of violence in laws, rulings and policies.
It is a result of the government's strategy of the Citizen Revolution of Rafael Correa, to
reorient the actions of law enforcement, before focusing on arresting petty dealers and
carriers or "mules", and now instead prioritizes actions for intercept large shipments of
drugs and dismantle drug trafficking organizations.
The strategy also notes the justice and prison systems that may be operating under
stereotyped views of women which gives different meanings to his transgression.
Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate between the reasons why women commit crimes
and the reasons why they are incarcerated.
In this context, the present study analyzes the implementation of public policies in the
Women's Social Rehabilitation Center of Quito, in the case of women deprived of their
liberty for drug possession and trafficking. This analysis includes a review of their situation
from their gender.


Contribution to group exhibition.

The title of this group exhibition is taken from a text by Henri Lefebvre: "Ideology collapses and vanishes, utopianism atrophies, but something great is left behind: the memory of a hope."

Lucy Johnston and Matthew Houlding have proposed a group exhibition to explore the gap between destruction and beauty, hovering between the past and the future to suggest no specific sense of time or movement, but instead a sense of longing and reflection.


The design and optimization of the separation process of acrylic acid and corresponding esters in formaldehyde aqueous solution was systematically researched in this work. Thermodynamics was provided for formaldehyde, acrylic acid, and corresponding esters system according to the particularly. On basis of the thermodynamics, optional separation sequence and separation technology were designed, which reduced separation complexity and search scope. In addition, system integration including process optimization and energy integration were optimized in detail in the procedure. The proposed systematic procedure was applied to acrylic acid and corresponding esters production using methyl acetate and formaldehyde as raw materials. The systematic procedure provided a significant guidance for the separation of the formaldehyde, acrylic acid, and corresponding esters.


The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a strain on global healthcare systems that has never been seen before, and current infrastructures must adapt and develop to deal with the challenges. Moreover, COVID-19 poses a significant threat to healthcare workers (HCWs), potentially leading to a reduction in health-care capacity and, as a result, a decline in population health. The necessity of disease transmission protection in HCWs is evident as health systems rely on the health of their workforces. This article mainly uses a literature research method to identify some feasible strategies to reduce the risk of frontline medical workers fighting the coronavirus.


Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging features of a family(3 patients)with familial hemangioblastoma,and their diagnosis and prognosis.Methods The detailed data about clinical and imaging features of all patients diagnosed as familial hemangioblastoma,admitted to our hospital from October 2004 to May 2010,were analyzed,and the lesions of other regions,besides the tumor lesion,were observed.Results No lesions of other regions were noted in these 3 patients.Cranial MRI showed that 2 had cystic and solid tumor and 1 had solid tumor;,total removal was performed on these patients under microscope; regular follow-up was given and no recurrence was noted.Conclusion Familiar hemangioblastoma is serious hereditary disease; and MRI is the most important detective method; microsurgical operation is the most important therapy.Early diagnosis and treatment should be given to the patients with familiar hemangioblastoma due to its high recunence rate,having difficulty in operation and its trend to combining with other lesions of the other parts.

Key words:
Hemangioblastoma, familial;  VOH Hippel-Lindau;  Genetic disease


Method, by first segmenting the video into shots first identifies the talking head or main cast in compressed video. Extracting motion activity descriptor from each shot combine to a single shot motion activity descriptor. The distance between the shot motion activity descriptors and templates motion activity descriptor is measured. Template motion activity descriptor is obtained from a training video. If the measured distance is shorter than a predetermined threshold value, the shot is identified as containing talking head.


Summary. A new species of trichodinid, Trichodina marplatensis sp. n., found on the comb plates of the coastal ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi is described. Only three species were previously reported from coelenterates, i.e., Trichodina pediculus, T. zambeziensis and T. ctenophorii. This new ciliate is compared with other similar congeners including T. ctenophorii because it was reported from the same host. T. marplatensis differs from T. ctenophorii by having denticles with broad club-shaped blades and wide S-shaped rays, rather than falcate blades and thin, straight rays. The denticles of T. marplatensis are not similarly shaped to those of other described trichodinids. The new species is the first reported from a planktonic host in the Argentine Sea and the second species found associated with ctenophores.


In order to reduce the calculation cost and improve the robustness of appearance model, this paper presents an optimal object tracking method that consists of improved inverse sparse representation and global spatial envelope. First, partial least squares regression-based structural model is adopted, which easily facilitates target template sparsely represented by candidate dictionary. Furthermore, candidates with nonzero coefficients are easily selected as possible tracking results. Meanwhile, partial occlusion and slight appearance changes are effectively alleviated during the tracking process. Second, spatial envelope in the frequency domain is utilized to select the best candidate from the inverse sparse representation process. Multiple scales and orientations-based Gabor filters are established to obtain the Gist information, which keeps the potential structural attributes of local appearance models to tolerate appearance variation. In addition, the Bayesian inference framework is used to exploit candidate samples, and a simple model update scheme is employed to alleviate drifting caused by temporal varying multi-factors. The qualitative experimental results show that the proposed tracking algorithm provides a better performance in some dynamic scenes.


While experts continue to debate the clinical value of electronic fetal monitoring, there's little doubt it's here to stay. Avoiding these 5 common missteps may help you also avoid some common legal minefields.


The cgDNAmodel and software [6, 12] allow the prediction of a sequence-dependent equilibrium, or stationary, distribution on a coarse-grain set of coordinates describing a given DNA fragment in solution. Specifically the cgDNA model predicts a multi-variate Gaussian probability density function with a stiffness matrix K(S) and mean ŵ(S) that are quite accurate compared to molecular dynamics simulations. The aim of this project is to use the cgDNA model to compare in some detail the cgDNA model equilibrium distributions for a variety of sequences, and more specifically repeating sequences made up of poly-dimers,-trimers and -tetramers. In an attempt to minimize the influence of end-effects, we use long, multiple-repeat periodic sequences of period 2, 3, and 4 of overall length from 40 to 80 basepairs to represent each polymer that is studied. The study of periodic sequences also motivates the use of exactly periodic cgDNA parameters [4]. In the first part of the thesis, we cluster dimers, trimers and tetramers, using Kullback-Leibler divergence as the comparison criterion, and a linkage method to define the clusters. We obtain a clustering that depends on the purine and pyrimidine sequence of the polymer. In the second part of the thesis, we begin a spectral analysis of the periodic stiffness matrix. We prove that the eigenvalues of the periodic stiffness matrix of a sequence S of length n persists in every periodic stiffness matrix of a sequence of the form S2k = SS · · ·SS } {{ } 2k , k ∈ N. We also show how to compute the remaining eigenvalues of S2k and prove that at most 24n of all of its eigenvalues have odd degree.


American immigrant and ethnic writers have often chosen to unfold the action of their personal and fictional narratives in their ancestral country. Isaac Bashevis Singer, Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Vance Bourjaily, Jerre Mangione, Helen Barolini as well as many others, have made such a choice and explored creatively its narrative possibilities. Two patterns of development seem to emerge as far as the plot of these texts is concerned. In the first, there are direct references to American circumstances; often the protagonist, a hyphenated American, undertakes a journey to her/his ancestral country and in its course undergoes a change of deep spiritual significance. In the second, the references to America are rare or nonexistent and the narratives focus exclusively on the historical or social reality of the ancestral motherland.


The number of waste tires is increasing. One effective recycling method is the pyrolysis of waste tires. Using the pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires, the characteristics of permanent deformation for PA-13mm porous mixture were evaluated. The confining pressure of 138 kPa and deviatoric stress of 551 kPa were adopted. The testing temperature was 45° and 50 gyrations of the gyratory compactor was used to simulate the medium traffic level. The mixture modified by 10% PCB showed the largest Marshall Stability of 3.41 kN. The stability of the mixtures with PCB was 50% higher than that of mixture without PCB. The limited laboratory test showed that the use of PCB in a porous pavement decreases the permanent deformation and will be an effective alternative method to reducing the permanent deformation of a porous pavement.


This essay represents the first in-depth study of "faith-based diplomacy" or "religious peacebuilding" in Sierra Leone. Building largely upon personal interviews with religious leaders and ex-combatants, the study explores the role of the Inter-Religious Council of Sierra Leone (IRCSL) as peace facilitator during three phases of Sierra Leone's civil war and aftermath (1991–present) and identifies what types of actions and strategies the IRCSL pursued in each phase. Employing Scott Appleby's typology of conflict transformation, it shows the important—yet uneven—influence of faith-based peacemaking in Sierra Leone and concludes that both the IRCSL's reputation for "neutrality" and international support enabled its success.


This chapter explores qualitative career assessment as an identity learning process where meaning-oriented learning is essential and distinguished from conditioned or semantic types of learning. In order to construct a career identity in the form of a future-oriented narrative, it is essential that learners are helped through cognitive learning stages with the help of a dialogue about concrete experiences which aims to pay attention to emotions and broadens and deepens what is expressed.


Supercritical hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production represents a new trend in the sugarcane sector that needs evaluation. In this work, the commercial software Aspen Plus® was used to simulate ethanol and electricity production at a conventional autonomous distillery processing 500 tonnes of sugarcane per hour and a steam based cogeneration system. The production of lignocellulosic ethanol was simulated using the surplus bagasse produced at the autonomous distillery after thermal integration. The second generation ethanol production was studied with two cases: the enzymatic hydrolysis (Case 1) and supercritical hydrolysis (Case 2) considering in both cases a prior pre-treatment with liquid hot water. For cogeneration system besides bagasse it was considered the use of sugarcane trash as fuel. All data necessary for the simulation was obtained from the literature. Case 1 presented the higher ethanol production, increasing the overall ethanol in almost 13 %. Case 2 required a large amount of energy, to fulfil the thermal requirements of the process and 117 % more bagasse than the available after milling would be necessary. Even accomplishing to supply the energy necessary to the process, Case 2 showed ethanol production much lower than enzymatic hydrolysis.


Summary The last decades have brought about the rapid development of information technology, which was reflected in all areas of social life and economic. Unfortunately, the ongoing digitization and the presence of individuals, private entities as well as countries in the network makes them exposed to new types of threats that have never been seen before. The perpetrators of these threats may be individuals, organized criminal groups or foreign country interviews. Threats and vectors of attacks has many forms, and their evolution continues all along with the progressive development of broadly understood cyberspace. In order to be able to effectively fight with the increasing threats in cyberspace, not only technical and organizational measures are needed, but also the formal and legal framework to combat cyber-attacks. In this article, the authors discuss the legal comparison of the basics of cyber security against the Polish background and EU legislation.


As South Korea has experienced several serious public health outbreaks in
recent years, public interest in and awareness of disease prevention and
public health care has remarkably increased over time. Accordingly, it is demanded that the South Korean government acquires a sufficient level of
knowledge, programs, skills, and systems to effectively respond to potential
and immediate health threats and promote public health. Based on these
needs and tasks, scholars in academia, not-for-profit organizations, health
care industries have also made significant efforts to implement health
communication into everyday lives of the public by organizing various
health communication events and activities. Responding to the social
demands and academic interests in health communication, this article points
out and discusses some important topics to further develop health
communication scholarship and praxis in South Korea.


Wnt signaling in development and adult tissue homeostasis requires tight regulation to prevent patterning abnormalities and tumor formation. Here, we show that the maternal Wnt antagonist Dkk1 downregulates both the canonical and non-canonical signaling that are required for the correct establishment of the axes of the Xenopus embryo. We find that the target Wnts of Dkk activity are maternal Wnt5a and Wnt11, and that both Wnts are essential for canonical and non-canonical signaling. We determine that Wnt5a and Wnt11 form a previously unrecognized complex. This work suggests a new aspect of Wnt signaling: two Wnts acting in a complex together to regulate embryonic patterning.


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing a wavefront analysis including a phase and amplitude information, and 3D measurements of the optical system, based on the output of the median plane as the image plane of the optical system in particular. The measurement of the surface shape of the measurement or the individual layers of the multi-layer structure is described in the presence of a thin film coating. The multi-wavelength analysis is used to phase and amplitude mapping and combination. Using the virtual wave front propagation is based on the solution of Maxwell's equations, this improved method of phase with the surface shape measurement is described by the wave front propagation and re-focusing. Reduction of the coherent noise in the optical imaging system is obtained by a method using such a phase adjustment method, or a combination of a broadband source and a coherent source. The method is applicable to integrated circuit testing in order to improve the overlay measurement techniques in a single shot by the imaging contrast or enhancement 3-D imaging.


In this paper are introduced the problems and technical measures that should be noticed and adopted in the course of developing the blended yarn of ceramic/bamboo fiber/cotton.Production practices verify that pretreatment of raw materials,beat and card appropriately in the process of beating-carding,rationally control of noil,optimized roving and spinning processing,well selection of specialist drafting assembly and reducing of thin place of formed yarn are the guaranty of product quality.


been important that their covenant was written in a recognized treaty and land grant style. giving it legitimacy and the authority of long used tradition. One deviation in this standard form is the clause regarding divine retribution against the violator of the covenant. Using Jer 31 :28 and Ezek 18:2. Weinfeld again argues for a shift to "individual responsibility"' and away from the idea of the father's sins being placed on the heads of his descendants (p. 371). While there may have been a greater recognition of the individual in these texts. it is hard to fathom that a society which was based on communal identity and recognition would absolutely reject this for individuality. More likely. these texts refer to individuals as they relate to the community as a whole. not to individuals separate from the community. Otherwise. the covenant promise to the nation as it is formulated throughout the biblical text loses its emphasis and ultimate force in governing the activities of a people. In form and style. this commentary is very clear in setting out its position and in arguing forcefully for its understanding of Deuteronomy as a crux document. It should be read and used by all scholars interested in a better understanding of the transition of Judaism during and after the exilic period. Weinfeld has given us a important key to textual study which should be enhanced with the publication of his second volume.


We demonstrate a novel simplified hollow-core microstructural optical fiber (SHMOF) laser with intense output and purely radial emission. The SHMOF comprises a large hexagonal core with six surrounding crown-like air holes. The microfluidic channel is composed of a nearly cylindrical center hole of the SHMOF, which is made by selectively blocking off other holes of the SHMOF. The novel SHMOF based laser device is integrated with the silica ring surroundings and the gain medium microchannel. The fiber core formed cavity which filled with a microfluidic gain medium (Rhodamine 6G) plug was lateral pumped by a nanosecond pulse laser. For pump energy at threshold as low as 80 nJ/pulse, single mode laser oscillation was observed at about 570 nm. And when pump energy was added to a higher value above the threshold, an intense output of a unique radiating field pattern characterized by cylindrical symmetry emerged in the azimuthal direction of the fiber. The explanation of this result lies in the particularity structure of the SHMOF in our experiment. This attractive capability presents opportunities in fiber laser array composed microsystems and fluorescence signal amplification for chemical and biological analysis.


The Empress of Ireland ocean liner, looking across the steerage. Many people are standing on the deck of the ship. Original resource is a black and white photograph.


Molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations were used to explore the thermal stability of Au nanoparticles (NPs) with decahedral, cuboctahedral, icosahedral and Marks NPs. According to the calculated cohesive energy and melting temperature, the Marks NPs have a higher cohesive energy and melting temperature compared to these other shapes. The Lindemann index, radial distribution function, deformation parameters, mean square displacement and self-diffusivity have been used to characterize the structure variation during heating. This work may inspire researchers to prepare Marks NPs and apply them in different fields.


The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling network directs cellular metabolism and growth. Activation of mTORC1, which is composed of mTOR, Raptor, mLST8, PRAS40, and DEPTOR, depends on the Rag and Rheb GTPases, and requires signals from amino acids, glucose, oxygen, energy (ATP), and growth factors (including cytokines and hormones such as insulin). Here we discuss the signal transduction mechanisms through which growth factor-responsive PI3K signaling activates mTORC1. We focus on how PI3K-dependent activation of Akt and spatial regulation of the TSC complex (composed of TSC1, TSC2, and TBC1D7) switches on Rheb at the lysosome, where mTORC1 is activated. Integration of PI3Kand amino acid-dependent signals upstream of mTORC1 at the lysosome is detailed in a working model. A coherent understanding of the PI3KmTORC1 network is imperative as its dysregulation has been implicated in diverse pathologies including cancer, diabetes, autism, and aging.


Neoplasias are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The investigation of the historical trend of health-related events, among them cancer mortality, allows a more adequate evaluation of the health control measures.


Errors introduced during PCR amplification set a selectivity limit for microsatellite analysis and molecular mutation detection methods since polymerase misincorporations invariably get confused with genuine mutations. Here we present hairpin-PCR, a new form of PCR that completely separates genuine mutations from polymerase misincorporations. Hairpin-PCR operates by converting a DNA sequence to a hairpin following ligation of oligonucleotide caps to DNA ends. We developed conditions that allow a DNA hairpin to be efficiently PCR-amplified so that, during DNA synthesis, the polymerase copies both DNA strands in a single pass. Consequently, when a misincorporation occurs it forms a mismatch following DNA amplification, and is distinguished from genuine mutations that remain fully matched. Error-free DNA can subsequently be isolated using one of many approaches, such as dHPLC or enzymatic depletion. We present feasibility for the main technical steps involved in this new strategy, conversion of a sequence to a hairpin that can be PCR-amplified from human genomic DNA, exponential amplification from picogram amounts, conversion of misincorporations to mismatches and separation of homoduplex from heteroduplex hairpins using dHPLC. The present hairpin-PCR opens up the possibility for a radical elimination of PCR errors from amplified DNA and a major improvement in mutation detection.


With the evolution of sediment,hydrological regime and pollution,major environmental issues have gradually changed around Dongting Lake in recent decades.Especially under the impacts from the Three Gorges Project,returning farmland to lake project and the increasing of climate extremes,Dongting Lake is undergoing low water level occurrences.The water level dropped 2.03 and 2.11 m at the outlet of the lake in 2006 and 2009 respectively,caused by the water storage of Three Gorges Reservoir.The water quality has deteriorated from grade Ⅳ to grade Ⅴsince 2008.Low water level accelerated the change in wetland structure and the degradation in wetland function.Invasive plant has threatened the biodiversity and the stability of habitat.Due to continuous decrease in sediment discharge,Dongting Lake,for the first time,changed from trapping to supplying net sediment to the Yangtze River in 2006.The environmental conflict around Dongting Lake is changing from flood dominated to flood and drought coexisted.These environmental changes have reflected the social structure transformed from traditional agriculture to a comprehensive development in agriculture,forestry and industry,as well as changes in the lake-catchment interaction.


I. INTRODUCTIONIn 1980, John Bulun Bulun, an Australian Aboriginal artist, created a painting titled Magpie Geese and Waterlilies at the Waterhole.1 The painting incorporated images sacred to his clan (the Ganalbingu people),2 and he created it with the clan's consent and according to its traditional laws and customs.3 Under Ganalbingu customary law,4 Mr. Bulun Bulun could use his artwork in restricted ways depending on the mode and purpose of reproduction.5 Accordingly, he sold the painting to the Maningrida Arts and Crafts Centre, which resold it to the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Science.6 Mr. Bulun Bulun also gave his permission to reproduce the painting in a book about Australia's living heritage.7 Roughly eight years later, he learned that a modified version of his painting8 had been incorporated into some fabric.9 The fabric, which was to be used to make uniforms, was produced without his consent.10As a result, Mr. Bulun Bulun and a high ranking Ganalbingu member (on behalf of the clan) sued the textile company that had produced the fabric.11 Mr. Bulun Bulun claimed that the textile company had infringed his copyright in the painting under Australia's Copyright Act of 1968.12 The clan on the other hand claimed that it was the equitable owner of the copyright in the painting, or alternatively, that the artist's copyright created fiduciary obligations in favor of the clan.13 Mr. Bulun Bulun obtained injunctions to prevent future infringement of his work because the defendants admitted to breaching his copyright.14 However, the clan's claim was dismissed.15 The clan argued that the Ganalbingu people "are the traditional owners of the body of ritual knowledge from which the artistic work is derived, including the subject matter of the artistic work and the artistic work itself."16 According to the clan, the painting depicted sacred17 knowledge concerning one of the two most important cultural sites for the Ganalbingu people, located in Ganalbingu country.18 Moreover, under Ganalbingu customary law, the ownership of the land was tied to a responsibility to create accompanying cultural expressions.19 Although Mr. Bulun Bulun was entrusted by his clan with the sacred duty to create images,20 the unauthorized reproduction and misuse of the artwork interfered with the relationship among the Ganalbingu people, their ancestors, and their land, and threatened the stability of their society.21 In addition, the image had certain secret aspects to it, which necessitated controlling its reproduction. Mr. Bulun Bulun explained that his painting "has all the inside [secret] meaning of our ceremony, law and custom encoded in it. . . . To produce [the painting] without strict observance of the law governing its production diminishes its importance and interferes adversely with the relationship and trust established between myself, my ancestors, and Barnda [the long-neck tortoise, a creator being]."22 Thus, the clan suffered harm as a result of the infringement. In dismissing the clan's complaint, the court found that the clan and the artist did not share an equitable interest in the painting because they were not joint authors as required by Australian copyright law.23 However, the court found that a fiduciary duty did exist between the artist and the clan, and if the artist had failed to protect the work, the clan could have brought legal action against the textile company.24 Because Mr. Bulun Bulun had taken action to protect the painting, in this case, the clan had no need for a remedy.25Cases such as Mr. Bulun Bulun's raise important questions regarding the intellectual property rights of indigenous peoples 6 with respect to expressions of their traditional culture. Issues surrounding the adequate protection of traditional cultural expressions ('TCEs")27 have been raised in Australia and around the world.28 Some resultant questions include whether communities own the cultural expressions, whether the cultural expressions should be owned at all, and if so, how they can best be protected. …


Aims Arabidopsis thaliana, a widely used model organism in plant biology, is an ideal plant to test the growth rate hypothesis (GRH) and homeostasis theory about plant nutrition. Our objectives are to test i) whether GRH applies to this plant species, ii) how leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of A. thaliana follow the homeostasis theory and iii) whether the allometric relationship between leaf N and P content is consistent with the 3/4 power function (N-P 3/4 ) for individual plant species. Methods Based on a pot experiment in a phytotron with N and P fertilizer additions, we measured the leaf car- bon (C), N and P content and leaf biomass of A. thaliana. Specific growth rate (mg·mg -1 ·d -1 ) was the leaf biomass increment divided by the initial biomass at planting, and by the days after planting. The homeostasis of plant ele- ments is indicated by the exponent (reciprocal of the regulation coefficient) of the power function of leaf nutrient against soil nutrient concentrations. Important findings P is the limiting nutrient of the culture substrate for A. thaliana, while N fertilization could cause toxic effects in cases of excessive N uptake. The growth of A. thaliana is consistent with GRH—the specific growth rate decreases with increasing leaf N:P or C:P. Leaf P content shows a significant regulation coefficient (3.51) (leaf-P-substrate-P 1/3.51 ), but leaf N content has no significant relationship with substrate N. There is a sig- nificant allometric relationship between leaf N and P content, which is inconsistent with the 3/4 power function (N-P 3/4 ). The power exponent (0.209) between leaf N content and leaf P content in the P fertilization treatments is significantly lower than the exponent (0.466) in the N fertilization treatments, suggesting that fertilization may affect the allometry between nutrients. Our findings can offer reference for future field studies on plant ecological stoichiometry at scales from species to community to ecosystem.


Schmeidler [1986], [1989] famously used his nonadditive probability model to describe a decision-maker?s uncertainty aversion and/or uncertainty loving.?This short note illustrates how nonadditive probability can also be used to obtain a simple characterization of the Hurwicz criterium, where the decision-maker has a balanced attitude towards uncertainty, intermediate between full aversion and full loving. JEL?Codes:?D81.


I first met Arthur Norman Wilkinson more than 40 years ago when he came to UMIST as an undergraduate in Polymer Science and Technology. He had left school at 16, did a HND on day release whilst working in a plastics factory, so didn't have the easiest path there. Following his graduation (with a top 1st), he became a PhD student in John Stanford & Dick Still's research group. Even though I was a year ahead of him, the nature of our PhDs was that we used a big, 2-man, reaction injection moulding machine to make our polyurethanes and polyureas – consequently, he made my samples and I made his – so my PhD did not really get started until he did.


The article considers the key aspects of the European Union reforming at the present stage. Currently the European Union is in the process of deep transformational reformation, that's why it is important to find out their nature and possible consequences. An attempt is made to show the interconnection of internal and foreign poilicy problems of EU with the choice of the future path of European integration in the direction of expansion or deepening. The main scenarios for the future development of the EU are described, as well as the propositions of the President of France Emmanuel Macron to reform the Community. The priority directions of future reforms are particularly estimated, such as: security and migration policy, joint financing of innovation projects, and also the formation of an overall budget for coordination of investment activity and stabilization in case of future economic crises. It was paid attention to the peculiarities of the EU integration in the security and defense fields and there changes towards its European partners since Brexit and the evolution of the US policy. A special emphasis in the publication is made on realization of a practical step in reforms – creation of a new defense and security project PESCO, which is intended to make European defense more effective and to strengthen operational cooperation between countries. The main idea of cooperation in this form is to increase efficiency through the joint implementation of what every country has done by its own before. At the same time it is important that participation in the projects of each country is voluntary. Currently the EU is considered not only as a powerful economic association, but also as a very powerful player in the international arena, which influences on the maintenance of continual international order. That's why the article presents an analysis of the peculiarities of transformations that are necessary for the further viability of the EU.


Pharmacovigilance (PV), which is also known as drug safety. It is the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term, and short term side effects of medicines [1]. The key role of this field of medicine is to ensure the safe reception of drugs, examining the adverse side effects reported by patients. The compound causing side effects in the drug need to be identified and the remedy to counteract the side effect should be explored. This study was carried out at Regional Research Institute of Medicine (RRIUM), Srinagar, wherein a total of 10 patients suffering from general body ache, common cold and fever etc were analysed for the adverse side effects caused after prescribing the pharmacopoeial drug Habb-e-Karanjawa. It was observed that almost all patients suffered from gastritis after the consumption of the drug. After a thorough analysis of the ingredients of the drug it was concluded that the corrosive effect of compound copper sulphate or TutiyaSabz present in Habb-e-Karanjawa can be the main reason of causing gastrointestinal problems in patients.


Different filial generations of the two crosses, viz., S. 15 × S. 110 and S. 15 × PSWF, were subjected to an analysis of components of variation using second degree statistics following the methodology developed by Mather (1948). The same material was used for the estimation of gene effects through analysis of generation means following the procedure proposed by Hayman (1958) and Jinks and Jones (1958).


A total of 104 Damaraland mole-rats was collected in 1988, 1990, 1991 and 1993 from an open water canal in the Otjiwarongo district of Namibia. The mole-rats were apparently dispersing above ground when they fell in and drowned; they had travelled at least 20 m in distance from their natal burrow systems. The dispersing mole-rats of both sexes were significantly larger than 73 animals trapped from a nearby control population. Sequential tooth wear and eruption patterns showed that dispersers were adult animals. There was a bias towards male mole-rats dispersing. Furthermore, in years with lower rainfall (< 300 mm) it was found that dispersal became even more male biased. Eighty per cent of males and 40% of female dispersers showed signs of reproductive readiness, with more males than females being ready to breed. Thus it appears that, in these otherwise totally subterranean mammals, at least one form of dispersal occurs, above ground, and that adult mole-rats are the principal dispersers.


New corrections to the energy of $S$-levels of positronium of order $m\alpha^6$ which are as large as several hundred kilohertz are obtained. A new recoil correction of order $\alpha(Z\alpha)^5(m/M)m$ to the Lamb shift in hydrogen is calculated. This correction turns out to be too small from the phenomenological point of view.


On the basis of a textual analysis of the main ideological and artistic levels of the «Diary» O. Bergholz article examines particular confessional poetics of prose. By understanding the spiritual and biographical experience of the author reveals the concept of creativity O. Bergholz. Emotional disharmony, which is a consequence of an internal split personality in a totalitarian society, is a major cause of the poet to the confessional prose. Diary O. Bergholz has a special place in the space of confessional prose, giving a clear idea about the development of this genre in Russian literature modification mid XX century.


In thin film materials, the structural properties of epitaxial films is mainly driven by the substrate-induced strain. This strain induce a distorted structure in order to accommodate the difference in lattice parameters between the substrate and the film material. In oxides, such changes lead to important effects on electronic properties which have been widely studied qualitatively. However, a detailed understanding of the structure, including the atomic positions and cristallographic domains, is required to quantitatively explained the observed effects. Using a combined analysis methodology based on High resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, we have investigated the structural behavior of compressively strained LaVO3, a Mott insulator, grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrate. This thin film study is based on a combination between 2 analyses. First, a refinement is obtained with MAUD [1] starting from the bulk cristallographic structure, using the reciprocal space maps recorded on the film. Second, a local analysis using transmission electron microscopy, which gives the information on the peculiar orientation and texture (domains). In this talk, I will present how LaVO3, a distorted rare-earth perovskite (Pnma space group in bulk), exhibits at room temperature a monoclinic structure when deposited under compressive strain.


The article describes the results of measurements that were carried out systematically during 2010-2017 at the AERONET station in Dushanbe. The data on the changes of aerosol optical thickness (AOT), moisture content and Ångström parameter are described. The seasonal and annual variations of these quantities were analyzed. The regularities of repeatability histograms as statistical characteristics of the atmospheric parameters were studied.


Every year in the US, about 6.8 million people donate blood. After a person donates blood, the clock starts ticking for its ingredients—the plasma, platelets, and red blood cells—that might be transfused into a patient. Just like any biological matter, they have a shelf life. They degrade. In the case of red blood cells, for instance, hospitals and blood banks have up to 42 days to use them as long as they've been refrigerated properly. That shelf life, though, is set by the blood bag manufacturers, not by measuring the quality of blood over time, but by measuring the time that transfused blood cells last inside a healthy person's body. No one really knows the quality of blood stored for the full shelf life. Biochemically speaking, researchers don't have a solid idea of what the indicators are of "good" blood versus "bad" blood. What blood experts do know is that,


As apple tree had numerous shoots and leaves,that were inconvenience to accurately determine leaves photosynthetic capacity.In order to facilitate the accurate determination of leaves photosynthetic capacity,' Red Fuji ' apple tree that grafted on vigorous rootstock,in full productive stage had been as the determination tree.The largest leaf photosynthetic capacity of elongated shoots,development shoots,lateral shoots of bearing part and leafage shoots that grown in southeast mid-outer crown had been determined by LI-6400photosynthesis system.The results showed that the diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of different shoots leaves showed bimodal curve,the diurnal variation of transpiration showed single curve,and the diurnal variation of intercellular concentration showed anti ?parabola curve.The leaves photosynthetic capacity of elongated shoots were higher,leafage shoots were lower,and development shoots,lateral shoots of bearing part were middle.The leaves of development shoots had less affected by fruit growth,they should be suitable as photosynthesis leaves.


Yellow shoulder disorder of tomato is distinguished by discolored regions under the skin of ripe fruit. This disorder involves abnormal fruit development and is not a delay in fruit ripening. Multiple factors contribute to the potential development of this disorder including variety, weather, and location effects. This disorder has been linked to low potassium levels during fruit development. The study was designed to gain an understanding of the proper potassium rate and the timing of those rates on the development of the yellow shoulder disorder. Potassium chloride was delivered at three rates and at three critical physiological timings during the flowering cycle. Four processing tomato varieties were used for this study. Fruit color quality was measured following harvest. Soil potassium was also measured and compared across timing and rate treatment combination. In variety 331, an early application at the low rate of potassium resulted in better hue values than other treatments for this variety. Also, higher rates of potassium applied late in the flower development cycle produce fruit with less color uniformity than early application. In variety 611, treating plants with the low rate of potassium in the middle of flower development resulted in fruit with less internal white tissue compared to those receiving high rates of potassium. This held true for varieties 9423 and 9704 also. In the case of 9704, the highest rate of potassium applied late in the flowering cycle produced fruit with more internal white tissue than plants treated with the lowest rate of potassium applied early in flower development. This study suggests that growers may currently be over-fertilizing with potassium and suggests a method to maximize potassium fertilizer application for fruit color quality.


Using 1/4 Hoagland as the basic culture solution,the status of seed germination and seedling growth of Kostelezkya virginica(L.) Presl.under 0.5%-2.5% NaCl stress was researched.With the increasing of NaCl concentration,the seed germination rate decreased gradually.The seeds treated by 2.5% NaCl did not germinated,but seeds still germinated and got similar germination rate as CK when NaCl stress was canceled.The seedlings growing in 0.5%-1.0%NaCl culture solution were much better than that in higher salt concentration,and had higher chlorophyll content and root system activity than CK,but got bad and chlorophyll content was reduced when seedlings cultured in 1.5%-2.0% NaCl solution.The MDA content of seedling was decreased under NaCl stress.In addition,the adaptation mechanism of K.virginica to NaCl stress was discussed.


The non-linear time-history analysis of steel frame-shear wall structure of the valve-hall was presented,three typical seismic waves were used and the analysis of the valve-hall was accomplished by using the finite element software SAP2000. Finally,the time-history of top of the column displacement,bottom of the column force and axial force of the cables were obtained. The results indicate that the seismic performance of the valve-hall can satisfy the criterion of the seismic code in rare earthquakes But the bottom of the column force and axial force of the cables were highly increased in the analysis,so more attention should be given to the design regarding to this.


Genomic profiling provides useful information for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and detection of certain defects, such as DNA repair gene aberrations or microsatellite instability, can possibly lead to optimal treatment, but this testing has not been widely used to inform prostate cancer treatment.


The flowering induction in mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards is an agricultural practice carried out on tropical regions to obtain fruits out-of-season looking to reach better sale prices. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of potassium (PN), ammonium nitrate (AN) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) on flowering induction and fruit production in mango cv. Tommy Atkins. The experiment included fourteen treatments with 2, 4, and 6 % PN, and 2, 3 and 4 % AN applied in combination with PBZ (1 g of a.i. m-1 of canopy diameter), paclobutrazol alone (1 g of a.i. m-1 of canopy diameter), and a control (water), which were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Results show that floral induction and fruit production were improved: PBZ followed by foliar application PN 2 %, 4 % or 6 % induced flowering 16 days after treatments. Likewise, the major number of emerged panicles were obtained with PBZ + PN 6 %. An increase on fruit weight and size reduction was observed at harvest. PBZ followed by foliar application of nitrates induced flowering and enhanced the number developed panicles in mango cv. Tommy Atkins.RESUMENLa induccion floral en mango (Mangifera indica L.) es una practica agricola comun en regiones tropicales, tendiente a obtener frutos fuera de temporada para lograr mejores precios de la cosecha. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de tratamientos de nitrato de potasio (PN), nitrato de amonio (AN) y paclobutrazol (PBZ) sobre la induccion floral y produccion de fruto en mango cv. Tommy Atkins. Los tratamientos con PN al 2, 4, y 6 % y AN al 2, 3 y 4 % fueron aplicados solos o combinados con PBZ (1 g de i.a. m-1 de diametro de copa), PBZ solo y un testigo (agua) bajo un diseno completamente al azar, con tres repeticiones. Se midieron variables de induccion floral y produccion de fruto. Los resultados muestran que aplicacion foliar de PBZ seguida de PN (2 %), (4 %) o (6 %) indujeron floracion 16 dias despues del tratamiento. El mayor numero de paniculas emergidas se obtuvieron con PBZ + PN 6 %. Se observo una reduccion de peso y tamano de fruto a la cosecha. El PBZ seguido de aplicaciones foliares con NP y AN induce floracion y aumenta el numero de paniculas desarrolladas en mango cv. Tommy Atkins.


Heart failure (HF) is characterized, among other features, by the development of alterations in myocardial energy metabolism, involving a decrease in glucose utilization and increased free fatty acid uptake by cardiomyocytes, associated with decreased deposits of high-energy phosphates (creatine phosphate/ creatine transporter). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows a direct and noninvasive assessment of myocardial metabolites.


Method of coating a thin film of unpolymerized compound on a substrate by obtaining a mixture of non-polymerizable compound and the fluid carrier. The mixture (1) is then invested in the interior of the heated evaporation box substantially all of the non-polymerizable compound and the fluid carrier having a sufficient internal temperature to convert to gaseous (7). Nonpolymeric compound with the fluid carrier is then removed from the evaporator box through the exit slit (8) in the evaporator box. Substrate nonpolymeric compound is condensed, adjacent the exit slit, it is maintained in a vacuum state. Substrate (10), for example to move the web rollers above, a continuous coating of a non-polymerizable compound becomes possible to coat the substrate thereby.


Objective To evaluate the expression of RIN1 in bladder carcinoma, and analyze its association with clinicopathologic features. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RIN1 in 88 bladder urothelial carcinoma and 20 normal epithelial tissues. The association between RIN1 expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed by Chisquare. Results Fourty-nine of 88 cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma showed positive RIN1 expression, while no RIN1 expression was detected in normal transitional epithelium. There was a significant difference in the expression of RIN1 in normal epithelium and bladder urothelial carcinoma(P 0.05). RIN1 expression was positively correlated with p T stage(P0.05) and tumor grade(P0.05). while it had no association with age, gender, Multiplicity and tumor size(P0.05). Conclusion RIN1 expression was up-regulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Over-expression of RIN1 might play an important role in bladder urothelial carcinoma.


Richardson said the new study builds on a 2009 study (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597089) of pesticides and Parkinson's disease. "In that study," he explained, "we used 20 Alzheimer's cases as kind of a disease control group." While the organochlorine pesticide the researchers studied was associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease, it was not associated with Alzheimer's. "But in those 20 [Alzheimer's] patients, we found elevated DDE levels."


.............................................................................................................................................. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1. MILITARY CONDUCT AND EFFECTIVENESS IN A CHANGING STRATEGIC CONTEXT ........................................................................................................ 14 WARFARE IS CHANGING..................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 EFFECTIVENESS AND BEST PRACTICE IN COMPLEX IRREGULAR WARFARE.................................. 23 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER 2. THE CIVIL-MILITARY DIMENSION OF EFFECTIVENESS............................ 42 CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS THEORY ............................................................................................... 42 REINFORCING THEORY: MISSION COMMAND, TRUST, AND CULTURE................................................ 55 THE CIVIL-MILITARY DIMENSION OF EFFECTIVENESS: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS .................... 72 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 76 CHAPTER 3. PATTERNS OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES 84 US MILITARY HISTORY...................................................................................................................... 84 THE PATTERNS OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE US............................................................... 94 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 104 CHAPTER 4 THE AMERICAN WAY OF WAR.......................................................................... 106 THE FUNCTIONAL IMPERATIVE AND US STRATEGIC CULTURE ........................................................ 107 US DOCTRINE BEFORE OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM........................................................................ 114 THE US APPROACH TO COMPLEX IRREGULAR WARFARE ................................................................ 122 CHAPTER 5. CIVIL-MILITARY ASPECTS OF US OPERATIONS IN IRAQ ........................ 125 THE INVASION OF IRAQ .................................................................................................................... 126 THE US APPROACH TO OPERATIONS IN IRAQ................................................................................... 128 CIVIL-MILITARY CO-ORDINATION AND CO-OPERATION: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH?.............. 134 POST-CONFLICT OPERATIONS IN IRAQ ............................................................................................. 141 OUTCOME OF US CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS IN IRAQ ...................................................................... 152 CHAPTER 6. PATTERNS OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE UK......................... 156 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE BRITISH ARMED FORCES .......................................................... 156 CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE UK.......................................................................................... 170 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................. 179


THE PAPER PRESENTS THE HEWITT METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE SHEAR STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY. A GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE THEORY OF DESIGN USING SHEAR STRENGTH PROPERTIES IS PRESENTED IN ORDER TO BRING OUT THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE PROPERTIES. THREE MIX DESIGN METHODS, THE HEWITT, HVEEM AND 50-BLOW MARSHALL, WERE INVESTIGATED AND COMPARED AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES AND RATES OF LOADING. A DISCUSSION OF THE BASIC DESIGN THEORY FOR EACH METHOD IS INCLUDED AND CORRELATIONS OF PROPERTIES BY THE THREE METHODS ARE SHOWN. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE REGARDING DESIGN CRITERIA BY EACH METHOD AND IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE HEWITT METHOD PROVIDES THE DESIGN ENGINEER WITH A MEANS OF DETERMINING THE BEARING CAPACITY OF MOST MIXTURES. FINALLY, SOME DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF BEARING CAPACITY AS DETERMINED BY THE HEWITT METHOD ARE DISCUSSED AND A SAFETY FACTOR IS DEVELOPED CONSIDERING DEFORMATIONS AND LATERAL RESTRAINING PRESSURES. /NAPA/


Abstract Some of the achievements in selective breeding of animals for resistance to diseases are discussed. The literature on disease resistance among strains of trout within a species is reviewed. The known mechanisms of disease resistance are discussed in relation to the problem of creating maximum resistance through selective breeding. A brief report is made on the results of the first 11 months of operation of a Dingell-Johnson project of breeding brook and brown trout for resistance to ulcer disease and furunculosis.


Background Early identification of acute coronary syndrome is crucial for a patient's likelihood of survival. Point-of-care testing of cardiac troponin is a rapid test of cardiac troponin that can ...


Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we performed an element-specific investigation of the spin magnetic moments $({m}_{\text{spin}})$ of Mn and Co of ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ ultrathin layers grown on an Fe underlayer to stabilize the ferromagnetism and facing an MgO barrier. The experimentally observed dependence of the ${m}_{\text{spin}}$ values of Co and Mn on the ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ layer thickness in the ultrathin region is qualitatively in good agreement with the one theoretically obtained for a MnSi-terminated interface of the ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{MnSi}$ layer facing an MgO barrier. This clarification would provide a strong basis for further advancement of applications of half-metallic Heusler alloy electrodes into spintronic devices.


One-dimensionally oriented thin crystals of a phenylene oligomer, p-sexiphenylene (6P), are grown on the poly( p-phenylene) (PPP) film prepared by the friction-transfer method. The 6P molecules tend to grow epitaxially on the (001) planes of alkali halides and the molecular axis is parallel to the <110> directions of alkali halides. The needle crystals orient along two directions. On the other hand, 6P stands on quartz plates with random orientations. The slender crystals of 6P formed on the friction-transferred PPP on alkali halides and quartz plates confirm that the uniaxial orientation has anisotropic optical properties.


The current investigation sought to understand the relationships between college student alienation, academic achievement, and use of WebCT. Fifty-three students enrolled in an undergraduate educational psychology course provided three types of data: 1) self-rating of eight Likert scale alienation items, 2) academic achievement measured with four types of multiple choice questions evaluating mastery of course content, and 3) use of WebCT defined as total number of Hits, Articles Posted, and Articles Read. Findings suggest that peer alienation was associated with increased WebCT use; learning alienation and course alienation were associated with low WebCT use. Learning alienation demonstrated an inverse relation to academic achievement. In most cases, significant predictive relationships between academic achievement and student use of WebCT were curvilinear.


When sludge concentration was higher than 3 600 mg/L,sludge concentration no longer be an influence factor of treatment in MBR at low temperature.On the contrary,in high sludge concentration reactor,when the temperature is restored to 25 ℃ from low temperature,the removal of NH 3-N and TN is reduced,and the recovery of NH 3-N removal is very slow.The falling of pH can not affect the removal of COD significantly,but affects that of ammonia greatly.In the high sludge concentration reactor,when the influent COD is increased first and decreased to the former level,the removal of ammonia and total nitrogen shows a decreasing trend.The reason is that in the high load the reproduced sludge dies for not enough nutrition,and the dead organisms are decomposed,make the NH 3-N concentration higher in supernatant than that in influent,which also leads to the negative rise of total nitrogen removal.


This paper considers the project scheduling problem with multiple constrained resources. Two classes of heuristic procedure, both making use of priority rules, are discussed: the parallel method, which generates just one schedule; and the sampling method, which generates a set of schedules using probabilistic techniques and selects the best schedule from this sample. An experimental investigation is described in which a set of projects with different characteristics is scheduled by each of these heuristics with a variety of priority rules. The effects of the heuristic method, the project characteristics and the priority rules are assessed. It is shown that the choice of priority rule is important with the parallel method, but with the sampling method, although it does affect the distribution of the sample, the choice of rule is not significant. The sampling method with sample size 100 is shown to produce samples at least 7% better than those generated by the corresponding parallel method, with 99% confidence. Further results are discussed and conclusions are presented.


A few years ago, some of the authors of the paper demonstrated the resonance of optical antennas in the visible frequencies. The results of that paper were obtained using experimental techniques that were primarily developed for the measurement of antenna-coupled detectors in the infrared. In the present paper, we show the results of spatial-response mapping obtained by using a dedicated measurement station for the characterization of optical antennas in the visible. At the same time, the bottleneck in the spatial responsivity calculation represented by the beam characterization has been approached from a different perspective. The proposed technique uses a collection of knife edge measurements in order to avoid the use of any model of the laser beam irradiance. By taking all this into account we present the spatial responsivity of optical antennas measured with high spatial resolution in the visible.


With the development of Internet,the people's demand for the machine-based translation system or machine-aided translation system is more and more urgent,and the research on machine-based translation becomes the hotspot.This paper expounds the design principles of machine-based translation system,advances the design frame of machine-based translation system,and implements successfully the designed functions.


This paper reviews the literature on the crisis and the aftermath of rape. This review suggests that women experience both short and long term psychological difficulties as a result of being raped. Two questionnaires were sent to various rape crisis centers across the country in an attempt to identify the nature and extent of services provided by the centers, to determine the number of rape victims seen at the centers, and to understand some of the problems confronted by the service providers. From the data gathered from the centers it is clear that women are receiving crisis intervention and supportive services immediately following a rape incident. However, the areas of crisis counseling and long term follow-up remain problematic. It was found that 62% of rape victims received one follow-up contact, 33% received two to five follow-up contacts and only 8% received six or more follow-up contacts. Differences found based on center location and staffing patterns are also discussed. Language: en


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to address the involvement of third sector organizations in state public education in Israel, with emphasis on the decision‐making processes affecting the geographic distribution of service provision.Design/methodology/approach – A collective case study approach was used to investigate non‐governmental organization (NGO) procedures for the deployment of the educational services they provide. The study was based on semi‐structured interviews with key personnel and on documents from four NGOs operating in the Israeli public education system.Findings – The article illustrates the extent of third sector organizations' involvement in the Israeli public educational system, in most cases operated with significant governmental funding. The findings reveal two main factors in the NGOs' decision‐making process that affect their operational deployment: the type of financing model they adopted and the nature of their relationship with the Ministry of Education.Practical implic...


Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual ideal body weight.Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness, disability and death. Obesity in children is now one of the most widespread medical problems. Obese children are more likely to be obese adult. Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is an important public health problem contributing to significant excess in morbidity and mortality. The descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding obesity and its complication among school children belonging to the age group 10 – 14 years and to find the association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. 40 school children aged between 10 – 14 years were participated from the selected school. The sample was collected by simple random techniques and data collected by administrating structure knowledge questionnaires. Privacy was ensured. The result showed that the majority of sample 60% (24) had moderate knowledge regarding obesity and its complication, mean w as 16.2 (SD 3.50) with the mean percentage of 64.8. The study finding revealed that there is moderate knowledge regarding obesity and its complication among school children indicating the need to in part the knowledge to make them competent and save the life.