ABSTRACT Recombinant Wnt-3a stimulated the rapid formation of elongated processes in Ewing sarcoma family tumor (ESFT) cells that were identified as neurites. The processes stained positively for polymerized actin and microtubules as well as synapsin I and growth-associated protein 43. Inhibition of the Wnt receptor, Frizzled3 (Fzd3), with antiserum or by short interfering RNA (siRNA) markedly reduced neurite extension. Knockdown of Dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2) and Dvl-3 also suppressed neurite outgrowth. Surprisingly, disruption of the Wnt/Fzd/lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) complex and the associated β-catenin signaling by treating cells either with the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) or LRP5/LRP6 siRNA enhanced neuritogenesis. Neurite outgrowth induced by Dkk1 or with LRP5/LRP6 siRNA was inhibited by secreted Fzd-related protein 1, a Wnt antagonist that binds directly to Wnt. Moreover, Dkk1 stimulation of neurite outgrowth was blocked by Fzd3 siRNA. These results suggested that Dkk1 shifted endogenous Wnt activity from the β-catenin pathway to Fzd3-mediated, noncanonical signaling that is responsible for neurite formation. In particular, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) was important for neurite outgrowth stimulated by both Wnt-3a and Dkk1. Our data demonstrate that Fzd3, Dvl, and JNK activity mediate Wnt-dependent neurite outgrowth and that ESFT cell lines will be useful experimental models for the study of Wnt-dependent neurite extension.


This paper investigates the development of external imbalances from an international perspective by estimating a Global VAR model for the period 1981Q1-2009Q4 with a setup close to that of an international real business cycle model. The model considers 28 countries of which 10 are aggregated as the Eurozone. We compute generalized impulse response functions, as well as generalized forecast error variance decompositions, in order to measure the effects of shocks on international trade balances. The United States, Eurozone and China are considered as the sources of those shocks. We account for imbalances using real GDP, real effective exchange rates (REER) and real interest rates (RIR) as well as the oil price. Overall, we find evidence for the joint dynamics of our variables as drivers of the imbalances and relate our findings to theories of Global Imbalances. We show that real GDP is a relatively unimportant variable compared to the REER, RIR and the oil price. Moreover, we provide a counterfactual analysis of the US trade balance. JEL Classification: F10, F32, F41.


Millimeter wave (mmW) codesigned 802.11ad-based joint radar communication (JRC) systems have been identified as a potential solution for realizing high bandwidth connected vehicles for next-generation intelligent transportation systems. The radar functionality within the JRC enables accurate detection and localization of mobile targets, which can significantly speed up the selection of the optimal high-directional narrow beam required for mmW communications between the base station and mobile target. To bring JRC to reality, a radar signal processing (RSP) accelerator, co-located with the wireless communication physical layer (PHY), on edge platforms is desired. In this work, we discuss the three-dimensional digital hardware RSP framework for 802.11ad-based JRC to detect the range, azimuth, and Doppler velocity of multiple targets. We present a novel efficient reconfigurable architecture for RSP on multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSoC) via hardware-software co-design, word-length optimization, and serial-parallel configurations. We demonstrate the functional correctness of the proposed fixed-point architecture and significant savings in resource utilization (~40-70), execution time (1.5x improvement), and power consumption (50%) over floating-point architecture. The acceleration on hardware offers a 120-factor improvement in execution time over the benchmark Quad-core processor. The proposed architecture enables on-the-fly reconfigurability to support different azimuth precision and Doppler velocity resolution, offering a real-time trade-off between functional accuracy and detection time. We demonstrate end-to-end RSP on MPSoC with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI).


In order to obtain metal products with good surface quality, it is necessary to develop an efficient bevel polishing method. Therefore, this article Uses continuous scanning electron beam polishing. The surface of the material undergoes rapid melting and solidification and generates a dynamic temperature field. The polishing treatment improves the microstructure of the surface layer of the quenched and tempered 45 steel, and significantly increases the microhardness of the surface layer. The hardness after treatment can reach up to 747.6Hv, which is about 2.4 times higher than the matrix; the structure after hardening is transformed from the mixed phase of coarse acicular martensite and lath martensite to hidden acicular martensite and retained austenite a mixed phase thereof. In addition, after bevels with different inclination angles are subjected to electron beam surface polishing modification treatments with different scanning speeds, under the same parameters, as the inclination angle increases, the hardness value at the same position decreases.


an intersectionality approach will also contextualize its own arguments, by taking into consideration that what people think and do are shaped by particular historical, intellectual, and political contexts. In addition, thinking in terms of relationality and contextualizing will help us understand increasing global social inequalities by highlighting the intersecting ways by which 'racism, class exploitation, sexism, nationalism, and heterosexism work together to shape social inequality' (p. 29) in a grounded, context-specific way (both in terms of geographical space and historical time). Fifth, the interconnections of critical concepts such as social inequality, power, relationality, and social contexts introduce further complexities in the analysis of intersectionality. This complexity that characterizes intersectionality is also seen as a product of the creative tension that links intersectionality as a form of critical inquiry to a form of critical practice. Thus, the authors argue that intersectionality as an analytical tool is not only complex, but it also sets itself the task of understanding and analyzing the complexities of the world. Finally, according to Collins and Bilge, social justice is a core idea of intersectionality (albeit a more contentious one than others mentioned above). However, they argue that its inclusion widens the field of intersectionality. By engaging with both critical inquiry and critical practice to deal with complex social inequalities, one of intersectionality's main concerns is not only to provide complex and comprehensive analyses of the reasons why and the ways by which social inequalities persist, but also to respond to questions of social justice. Indeed, Collins and Bilge conclude the book by defending the idea that the heterogeneity of intersectionality is a source of great potential for creating a more socially just future.


The author argues that we do not really know how different the policymaking systems of developed and developing nations are. In his view, policymaking in less developed regimes is different from that which occurs in more affluent countries. However, the differences are frequently overstated. After analyzing several problems of the policymaking process, Peters concludes that the differences are larglely those of degree rather than of fundamentally different types of policy problems and processes. He concludes that what may matter is the degree of difficulty governments encounter in policymaking, and in some ways the less developed countries may actually enjoy some real advantages. At the same time, however, they have more informational, financial and ideological barriers that impose political limitations on policy learning.


The article discusses the role of the Catholic school for training in the dialogue in the plurality. Part, especially of one of the last texts of the Congregation for Catholic Education: Educare al interculturale dialogue nella Scuola Cattolica - Vivere insieme per una dell'amore civilta. This rises the advantages and dangers of multiculturalism, the issue of fundamentalism and intolerance, the different positions on diversity and responsibility of educational institutions to educate for tolerance and coexistence. The task of forming for dialogue and the acceptance of different touches Catholic schools precisely because of its reference to the teachings of Jesus Christ and his social commitment, as educate for coexistence is an urgency in today's society.


To establish a method of determination of inorganic arsenic in oyster sauce by water bath-ultrasonic extraction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and discuss the following influence factors: the methods of sample pretreatment,the time of ultrasonic extraction,other coexistent elements,n-octanol.The detection limit of inorganic arsenic in the method is 0.11 ng/mL.The recovery of standard addition is 92.8%~ 103.3%.It can greatly shorten the sample pretreatment time and the results are not significant difference compared with the standard method.It provides a rapid and accurate analytical method of inorganic arsenic for the oyster sauce's standard formulation and quality control.


Article history: Received: October 3, 2019 Received in revised format: November 12 2019 Accepted: November 18, 2019 Available online: November 18, 2019 This paper uses econometrics models to estimate factors affecting the offshore fishing households' incomes in the Southern Central Coast of Vietnam. We estimate two basic models: one with total income as the dependent variable and the other with per capita income as the dependent variable. Since heteroscedasticity is in present, the study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimations with Robust Standard Errors (OLSR). The models are further divided into a model with intercept dummies and the one with slope dummies. The estimation results for the intercept dummies indicate that fishing technology, number of days per trip, type of fishery, the residential characteristics, household size, number of dependents, captains' experience, fishing ground, consumer market, and the role of officers for fishing stimulation are the main factors having significant impacts on fishing household's income. Surprisingly, ship capacity, income diversification, career passion, householder's educational background, and consumer market have no significant impact on fishing household's income. The results for the intercept and slope dummies, both, indicate that the Southern areas enjoy more benefits than the Northern areas in terms of income and utilizing the stimulation policies. The empirical results allow us to suggest some policy recommendations for central and provincial government aiming at improving offshore fishing household's income in the Southern Central Coast of Vietnam. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada


This annotated bibliography compiles references about the theory and application of surface geophysical techniques to locate fractures or fracture zones within bedrock units. Forty-three publications are referenced, including journal articles, theses, conference proceedings, abstracts, translations, and reports prepared by private contractors and U.S. Government agencies. Thirty-one of the publications are annotated. The remainder are untranslated foreign language articles, which are listed only as bibliographic references. Most annotations summarize the location, geologic setting, surface geophysical technique used, and results of a study. A few highly relevant theoretical studies are annotated also. Publications that discuss only the use of borehole geophysical techniques to locate fractures are excluded from this bibliography. Also excluded are highly theoretical works that may have little or no known practical application.


This paper establishes the equivalence between systems described by a single first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation and systems described by integral delay equations. System-theoretic results are provided for both classes of systems (among them converse Lyapunov results). The proposed framework can allow the study of discontinuous solutions for nonlinear systems described by a single first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation under the effect of measurable inputs acting on the boundary and/or on the differential equation. An illustrative example shows that the conversion of a system described by a single first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation to an integral delay system can simplify considerably the solution of the corresponding robust feedback stabilization problem.


The commonly used symmetrical cycloid profile line of double helix in twin-screw pump at home and aborad was studyed.The profile line structure of double helix twin-screw pump was analyzed.The tooth curve equation of the profile line was determined.A three-dimensional model was established with Pro/E to study the of position of each meshing point on the profile line and fenatures of the profile line.The theoretical flow was calculated and compared with the theoretical flow of the single helix twin-screw pump with equal work length.The research provides a reference for the follow-up simulation of twin-screw pump,selection of profile line and optimization.


For understanding of film cooling flow fields on a gas turbine blade, this paper reports on a series of large-eddy simulations of an inclined round jet issuing into a crossflow. Simulations were performed at four blowing ratio conditions, BR=0.1, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 and Reynolds number, Re=15,300, based on crossflow velocity and film cooling hole diameter. Results showed that cooling jet flow structure drastically changed with blowing ratio. A pair of rear vortex and hairpin vortex were observed for BR=0.1. A periodic ejection of horseshoe vortex, a pair of hanging vortex, a pair of rear vortex and hairpin vortex were observed for BR=0.5. Similar vortical structures to BR=0.5 were observed for BR=0.7 although horseshoe vortex remained at a leading edge of the hole exit. For BR=1.0, in addition to the former mentioned vortices, spanwise rollers and vertical streaks were observed on an upstream edge of the jet. It was, consequently understood that the ubiquitous counter-rotating vortex pair which can be defined in the time-averaged flow field was actually originated in the different vortical structures with varying BR conditions.


Study of the information seeking behaviours of urban, Métis youth. Interviews address why Métis youth use certain tools, resources, and community programs to look for meaningful employment and how motivation affects the search process. Finds that talking to people is the most used method of information seeking. Résumé : Étude des comportements de recherche d'information des jeunes métis en milieu urbain. Des entrevues permettent de clarifier pourquoi les jeunes métis utilisent des outils, des ressources et des programmes communautaires spécifiques pour chercher des emplois intéressants ainsi que les effets de la motivation sur le processus de recherche. Les conclusions démontrent que l'échange verbal est la méthode la plus utilisée. This recent project investigated the information seeking behaviours of urban, Métis youth, and was facilitated through the building of a research relationship with a Métis community. Qualitative findings from the study with six Métis participants will be presented. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews addressed why or why not Métis youth use particular information tools, resources, and community programs to look for meaningful employment. This study relates to the Human-Information Interaction (HII) theme of the CAIS/AICS 2010 Conference as information behaviours of a specific client group are studied. Results of the study also intersect with other sub-themes of HII, namely user studies, interface design, and information literacy. This study contributes to the field of LIS with a design that exemplifies the building of a relationship with an Aboriginal community for the purposes of LIS research, with and for the community. Much of the literature related to research and Indigenous communities refers to building partnerships with the community that facilitate community involvement in the project beyond the support and guidance of its leaders (Sharp and Foster 2002, Meadows et al 2003, McNaughton and Rock 2004). A community consultation for this project was conducted prior to any research taking place. This project introduced the community to the qualitative research method of interviewing participants, as well as introduced the issues surrounding ethical research. The participation of community leaders in an ethics and project consultation gave the community members an opportunity to shape the ethics proposal, as well as decide among themselves if the research was beneficial for the community. Another contribution to the field of Library and Information Studies is that this study examined under-studied participant group. The discussion of library services to Aboriginal peoples in Canada has become a recognized topic in the literature (Breu 2003, Bruce 2003). However, Métis Canadians have yet to be studied as a unique Aboriginal group in the LIS literature. To date, there are no other research studies in the field of LIS that specifically address the information behaviours of Métis Canadians.


This paper presents a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) that uses a traditional Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) to make source current in phase and sinusoidal in shape w.r.t source voltage, so that unity power factor is achieved at source side. In addition to this, a new concept of single phase synchronous d-q reference frame theory is used for generation of reference signals in a three phase distribution system for compensation of voltage unbalances at the load side. Further, this paper uses a traditional hysteresis controller for generation of switching signals for the Voltage Source Converter (VSC). Moreover, switching of DSTATCOM between Current Controlled Mode(CCM) and Voltage Controlled Mode(VCM) is carried out so that only single DSTATCOM serves the problem for current and voltage related Power Quality problems. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment to validate the proposed scheme and results indicate that the unity power factor is achieved during CCM mode and voltages in all the three phases at PCC are maintained at 1 p.u. during VCM mode.


After allogeneic stem cell transplantation remaining recipient dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary lymphoid organs are essential to initiate acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Yet, to which extend mucosal DCs in peripheral tissues contribute to augment, maintain or even down-modulate aGVHD remains elusive. There- fore, we investigated the function of host DCs during the effector phase of intestinal aGVHD. Until day 8 after transplantation (H-2q FVB/N into H-2b C57BL/6, 9Gy) we detected predomi-nantly persisting host DCs but only few donor DCs by immunoflu- orescence microscopy. Histopathological analysis revealed high numbers of host DC - donor T cell contacts in the intestinal mu- cosa during the aGVHD effector phase. Time kinetics experiments established that these dominating population of CD11c + CD11b + intestinal DCs arose from radiation-resistant host-type monocytes that were attracted to areas of inflammation and differentiated into DCs. At sites of T cell contact DCs engaged costimulatory molecules such as CD80. To address the role of this interaction we induced aGVHD in transgenic C57Bl/6-DOG mice that ex-press the diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor in DCs under the control of the CD11c promoter and subsequently applied DTx intraperito-neally to eliminate host type DCs. Immunofluorescence micros- copy and FACS analysis proved efficient host DC depletion in the intestinal tract ( . 90%). DC depleted DOG recipients pre- sented considerably higher GVHD scores and reduced survival than aGVHD controls that did not receive DTx (n 5 25/group). Additional controls were used in order to rule out possible cyto-toxic effects of the DTx: WT mice, syngeneic controls and bone marrow controls sensitive to the toxin, were not affected by the ad-ministration of DTx. Subsequently we excluded a possible reduc- tion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the intestinal tract from DTx and non-DTx treated mice. Inflammatory cytokines such as IFN- g and TNF did not differ in the serum of DTx and non-DTx treated mice on day 6 after allo-HCT, ruling out a possible cytokine storm effect due to the DC killing. However, elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine CCL2 in DTx treated DOG mice indicate that DC depletion enhances signals to recruit precur-sors in order to refill the mucosal DC-compartment. Our study provides evidence for a likely underappreciated function of DCs during later stages of aGVHD and provides evidence for a protec- tive role of remaining host DCs from monocytic origin during aGVHD. results morbidity and There are no existing guidelines to dictate clinical practice. We present our institutional data and recommend a clinical practice guideline improve the outcomes of BK-virus infections. Methods: Our retrospective analysis included 75 consecutive patients who underwent allo-HSCT from 2001-2011. Data was col- lected on patients with PCR proven BK-viuria under existing IRB approved protocols. Results: 12% of all patients developed PCR proven HC. The median age of patients at transplant was 37-yrs. 66% AML and the median number of prior therapies was 3. 33% RIC 33% ATG. The mean 44-days methotrexate 77% concurrent steroids mycophenolate. concurrent acute GVHD the time of HC. transplanted with sex-mismatch CD34+ and CD3+ cells. Only when mice were transplanted with a very low CD3:CD34 cell ratio (0.1:1) a mix chimerism of huCD45+ CD3+ (21 6 11%) T cells, CD19+ (44 6 9%) B cell, CD34+ cells (3 6 1%), CD33+ myeloid cells (14 6 1%) and CD14+ monocytes (6 6 1%) was observed. To investi- gate whether a single T cell population could cause stem cell rejection, mice were transplanted with selected CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD34+ cells at 1:1 ratio. Rejection was ob-served in 100% of mice transplanted with human CD3+CD4+ cells. CD4+ cells in marrow and spleen were mostly CD45RA+. Instead, mice transplanted with human CD3+CD8+ cells showed a mixed chimerism of T, B and myeloid cells both in marrow and spleen. Spleen was larger in recipients of CD4+ than CD8+ cells (p 5 0.005). Finally, spleen cells obtained from mice transplanted with CD4+ or CD8+ cells were tested in-vitro as responders against irra- diated CD34+ cells in mixed leucocyte cultures. Controls included CD4+ or CD8+ cells that were frozen at the time of transplant. Spleen CD4+ cells and both CD4+ and CD8+ control cells prolifer-ated after stimulation with CD34+ cells, whereas spleen CD8+ cells were unresponsive in-vitro. These results show that alloreactive CD4+ T cells serve an important role in stem cell rejection while CD8+ T cells appear to facilitate immune tolerance. Our work also supports the use of NSG mice to analyze the mechanisms of stem cell rejection or graft failure. score 0; 14 (17%) score 1; 8 (10%) score 2 and 27 (33%) score $ 3. The median follow up in HD was 22 months (0-201) and 9 (0-203)inLD.TheadjustedOSat10yearforHDconditioningaccord-ingtotheHCT-CIwas55%forscore0,34%forscore1-2&34%forscore $ 3 and for LD conditioning was 58% for score 0, 53% for score 1-2 & 15% for score $ 3 ( p \ 0.0001). The NRM rate in the HD cohort was 32% in the pts with a score 0, 42% for score 1-2 and 53% in the score $ 3. In the LD cohort, the NRM was 23% in the pts with a score of 0; 35% for score 1-2 and 54% in the score $ 3 ( p 5 0.002). The adjusted OS for conditioning type in patients with cardiac valve disease was associated to a lower OS (29% and 33% p 5 0.002) whereas mild hepatic involvement was just significant in the HD cohort. The OS and NRM were worse for score $ 3 either in HD and LD groups. The heart valve disease emerged as a worse outcome in both conditioning type and mild hepatic in- volvement only in HD group. The HCT-CI showed to be a valid tool to predict outcome after allogeneic HSCT. commonly chemotherapy. and 27% (95% CI, 15% - 43%). Factors asso-ciatedwithincreasedriskofdeathand/ordiseaserelapse/progressionwere:timefromdiagnosistotransplant,advanceddiseasestatusattransplantandpriorASCT.Patientstransplantedafteroneormorerelapseeventswereat7.28timestheriskoffailurecomparedtothoseinfirstCR1(95%CI:0.94-56.5;p Conclusions: Theseresultssuggestthatlong-termdiseasecontrolis possible after allo-HSCT for a subset of patients with MCL with ac-ceptable toxicity. Allo-SCT during CR1 may offer long-term disease control in patients with blastoid variant or those unable to undergo autologous SCT.


Data were analyzed from a previous study1 of psychophysical thresholds to spatiotemporal wiggle of lines in lateral displacement (monocular viewing) and in stereopsis (dichoptic viewing of the same lines with counterphase disparity wiggle). The threshold surfaces were not separable into the product of a spatial and a temporal frequency function. The aim of the present analysis was to determine whether, like spatiotemporal contrast thresholds, the data could be well described as the sum (or difference) of two spatiotemporally separable components. Singular value decomposition showed that two components accounted for both lateral and disparity surfaces to an accuracy of ~95%. We optimized separable components with the constraint that each component was simple in that it had only positive sensitivity and that it minimized the second component magnitude. These constraints revealed a similar excitatory component for both displacement and disparity domains. The second component was inhibitory with reduced sensitivity for low frequencies in both space and time, as for contrast-domain inhibition. The inhibitory component for disparity, however, had a purely spatial tuning, independent of temporal frequency. This behavior is reminiscent of that for stereomovement suppression2 and suggests that lateral and disparity thresholds are processed by independent neural mechanisms.


To the Editor. —Donaldson and Cuningham 1 have written an interesting article cataloging lithium carbonate—induced neurologic sequelae. Their detailed article illustrates the substantial risks to neural tissue in lithium carbonate intoxication, and the authors eloquently describe a range of lithium carbonate-induced neuropathies. One problem with this important article has to do with references to the cited patients as having recieved lithium carbonate therapy. The case descriptions were not ones of correct therapy because the doses, plasma levels, and means of prescribing lithium carbonate were inappropriately toxic rather than therapeutic. The following examples contain illustrations on how not to prescribe lithium salts: (1) administering this pharmaceutical to patients with obvious signs of intoxication or worsening physiologic status; (2) prescribing lithium salts to persons in the seventh decade of life at 1,800-mg/day doses; (3) disregarding the established principles of reduced renal clearance in persons of advanced age; (4) maintaining lithium assays


[Problem] To provide an ion implantation method, a film forming composition for ion implantation, and a resist underlayer film forming composition. [Solution] An ion implantation method which comprises: a step wherein a film forming composition that contains an organic solvent and a compound containing a group 13, group 14, group 15 or group 16 element is applied onto a substrate and baked thereon, thereby forming a film; and a step wherein impurity ions are implanted into the substrate from above and through the film and the group 13, group 14, group 15 or group 16 element in the film is introduced into the substrate. The film forming composition is a film forming composition for ion implantation, which contains an organic solvent and a compound containing a group 13, group 14, group 15 or group 16 element. In addition, a resist underlayer film forming composition which contains a compound that has at least two boric acid ester groups.


Most U.S. law professors accustomed to teaching U.S. law students face special challenges when teaching a group of law students from another country. Many contextual features come into play when learning the legal system of another country, including the government structures, language, culture, geography, and history. Cross-cultural classrooms offer a rich learning environment from which comparisons and contrasts between the U.S. and the students' home country can be drawn.The teaching and learning environment becomes much more complex, however, when the students from several legal traditions converge in a law school classroom. Multi-legal cultural classrooms are on the increase as law students choose to study in more than one country as a way of preparing for the transnational and international practice of law. The multi-legal cultural learning environment mirrors the settings found in international legal association conferences and in some types of law practice.The multi-legal cultural classroom raises pedagogical challenges for U.S. law professors who are not themselves experts in comparative law. This chapter is specifically addressed to professors teaching orientation programs or substantive law courses for students in a Master of Laws (LL.M.) program in the Law of the United States (or U.S. Legal System or similar content) situated within the United States.


Background/Objectives: LED short and current imbalance problems generate the over currents in the LED strings and they damage the LED back light system. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a new simple short detection and current regulation circuit for LED driving circuit. Methods/Statistical analysis: The proposed circuit is composed of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT), anop-amp, three resistors, a capacitor, and two diodes. It can reduce the current imbalance among the LED string by using the negative feedback technique, and protect a LED driving circuit and LEDs from a LED short problem by controlling the BJT operation. Findings: To verify the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed circuit, it was tested on three LED strings by using the PSIM simulator. In simulation, it reduced the current deviation among LED strings from 33 % to~ 0 %, and protected the LED driving circuit and LEDs from a LED short problem. Application/Improvements: The proposed circuit has the simpler structure and fewer components than the existing LED short circuits.


This paper describes the framework and initiatives followed by Colombia to foster e-participation. E-participation implies openness and inclusiveness and the current ICT policy provides the basics for the accomplishment of such principles as the progress in infrastructure, access to services, applications and citizens and public servants capacities has enabled citizens' engagement. In addition, e-participation involves the provision of information, consultation and decision-making. The Crystal Ballot Box facilitates those three levels of participation so it becomes a relevant example of active e-participation in Colombia.


In this note the nonparametric unit root test of Burridge and Guerre (1996, Econometric Theory, 12, 705–723), which is based on the standardized number of crossings of a level of a random walk, is extended in two ways, allowing for a deterministic trend in the process and more general innovations. The test has a well-known standard limit distribution. Monte Carlo experiments revealed the good finite-sample properties of the proposed test.The authors appreciate helpful comments from an anonymous referee. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and the Conselleria d'Economia, Hisenda i Innovació, grants BEC2002-03769 and PRIB-2004-10095, respectively.


Objective To observe the incidence rate of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction during the first treatment of pregnant syphilis. Methods There 188 pregnant syphilis patients were divided into 3 group according to the symptom and titre,the incidence rate of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was observed during the first treatment with benzathine penicillin. Results The TRUST titre in latent syphilis group consisted of 150 cases was 1:8,that in latent syphilis group consisted of 50 cases was ≥1:8 and 8 cases in fisrt / second syphilis group consited of 8 cases. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction occurred to 0,2 and 2 cases in the three groups accounted for 0%,6.67% and 25%,respectively. Conclusion The incidence rate of Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction during the first treatment of pregnant syphilis was low,especially the latent syphilis with TRUST titre 1:8.


Using soil samples from 15 field trials of long term-differences in potassium fertilization from sites in Germany, the Czech Republic and Hungary, we conducted a laboratory analysis to measure the effects of potassium fetilization on soil potassium content, water-retention functions and crop growth parameters such as field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water content. The different soil water parameters showed a specific response to potassium fertilization and strong interactions with a number of soil characteristics. Higher water content, caused by an increase in potassium, was measured in low water retention below pF 3.0 and only in a few cases with pF 4.2. The strongest response to long-term differences in potassium fertilization on field capacity and available water content were detected for sandy soils. This effect decreased with increased clay content. In sandy soils, the response to potassium fertilization was mediated by an increase in soil organic carbon (TOC). In soils with a high silt content from Bad Lauchstädt and Bonn only minute effects of TOC on the water-holding capacity were measured. The effect of potassium on the various water-retention parameters in soils was strongly affected by TOC of the particular soil. Thus, the potassium-mediated increase in the field capacity of soils with a low TOC from the experimental site in Bonn (1.05 M% TOC) with almost 1.2 Vol% was almost twice as high as for the site in Bad Lauchstädt, which is characterized by a TOC of 1.97 M%. We hypothesize that these interactions are responsible for the substantial increase in available water content following increased potassium in clay soil with a low TOC in Putnok (Hungary).


Typical sources of ultracold atoms operate with a considerable delay between the delivery of ensembles due to sequential trapping and cooling schemes. Therefore, alternative schemes for the continuous generation of ultracold atoms are highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate the continuous loading of a magnetic trap from a quasi-continuous atom beam. We achieve a steady state with 3.8 × 10 7 ?> magnetically trapped atoms and a temperature of 102 &mgr; ?> K. The ensemble is protected from laser light sources, a requirement for its application in metrological tasks or sympathetic cooling. The continuous scheme is robust and applicable to a wide range of particles and trapping potentials.


The Switch - How to Successfully Cross Over Library Sectors, hosted by ALIA RAIS group on Tuesday 12th September 2017 at RMIT University.Presentation delivered by Steven Chang on his successes, challenges, and experiences switching from health to academic librarianship.


Aiming at the problem that the fused results of low resolution source images are not good for the subsequent target extraction a multi-band image synchronous super-resolution and fusion method based on Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty WGAN-GP is proposed Firstly the multi-band low-resolution source images are enlarged to the target size respectively based on the bicubic interpolation method Secondly the enlarged results are input to a feature extraction encoding network to extract features respectively and combine them in a high-level feature space Then the initial fused images are reconstructed by decoding network Finally a high-resolution fused image is obtained through a dynamic game between the generator and the discriminator The experimental results show that the proposed method can not only achieve multi-band images super-resolution and fusion simultaneously but also the information amount clarity and visual quality of the fused images are significantly higher than other representative methods


where ` is the rank of G, deg xi is odd and ∑` i=1 deg xi is the dimension of G. Let X be the direct product of spheres of dimensions deg x1, · · · ,deg x`, then, from Serre's C-theory [10], πi(G) are C-isomorphic to πi(X) for all i, where C is the class of finite abelian groups. Therefore the rank of πq(G) is equal to the number of such i that deg xi is equal to q, particularly if q is even, then πq(G) is finite. It is a classical fact that π2(G) = 0 and π3(G) ∼= Z. According to Bott-Samelson [1], we have πi(E6) = 0 for 4 ≤ i ≤ 8, π9(E6) ∼= Z, πi(E7) = 0 for 4 ≤ i ≤ 10, π11(E7) ∼= Z, πi(E8) = 0 for 4 ≤ i ≤ 14, π15(E8) ∼= Z. For i ≤ 23, the homotopy groups πi(G2) and πi(F4) are determined in [7] by the second author. For G = E6, E7 and E8, the 2-primary components of homotopy group πi(G) are determined in [5] by the first author for i ≤ 22, i ≤ 25 and i ≤ 28 respectively. The purpose of this paper is to calculate πi(G : 3) the 3-primary components of homotopy groups πi(G) by making use of usual methods, such as the killing-homotopy method [2] and homotopy exact sequences associated with various fibrations. Let B1(2n−1, 2n+3) be a S2n−1-bundle over S with the characteristic element α1(2n − 1) ∈ π2n+2(S2n−1 : 3) so that H∗(B1(2n − 1, 2n + 3); Z3) ∼= Λ(x2n−1, x2n+3), where x2n+3 = ℘x2n−1. Let B2(2n − 1, 2n + 7) be a S2n−1-bundle over S with the characteristic element α2(2n − 1) ∈ π2n+6(S2n−1 : 3) so that H∗(B2(2n−1, 2n+7); Z3) ∼= Λ(x2n−1, x2n+7), where x2n+7 = Φx2n−1; Φ is the


Singularlity preserving Petrov-Galerkin methods are developed for the second kind integrat equations with weakly singular kernels. The numerical analysis is given, and the order of convergence achieves the optimal rate.


The purpose of the research is to identify differences and common features in PM connotations in certain branches of artistic and imaginative creativity and to investigate the integration of the PM phenomenon in the process of development of musical and visual arts. The research methodology includes comparative cultural-historical method, by which the samples of the works of different styles are studied. Based on the comparative method PM connotations in music, sculpture and painting in the context of art history discourse are considered. Scientific novelty. The PM phenomenon in art has not been studied consistenly and individual studies were not of generalizing and system nature. Taking into consideration the symbol universality, there was a need to identify and compare the figurative PM connotations in music and other arts. The novelty of the work lies in the identification of cross-cutting links between PM implementations, in trans-historical study of the development and interaction of diverse samples of this phenomenon. Conclusions. Based on the study of the PM genesis there has been identified cohesion and integral character of this symbol in various branches of art, which is manifested primarily in implementation of common shapes (circle and spiral). The study also shows the general trends in music and fine arts, revealing similar figurative connotations, which makes it possible to understand deeper the PM role as a mythologema, in general development of European culture of XIX-XXI centuries.


Transfer under agreement is an important trading system in capital market whose nature is the autonomy of will.It has functions of system generating,improving the corporate governance,allocating social resource and integration optimization.It can also promote economy quality and system development on the background of globalization and marketization.Since China's limitations of securities law and restrictions of national policy factors,the rules on transfer under agreement is a very insufficient supply system,including the actions of violating equality requirements,lacking of legal support,and also regulations and market mechanism failure intertwine.This will restrict the functions of transfer under agreement.In the future,it is necessary to establish China's transfer under agreement on the basis of finance marketization,to implement the principle of balance of interests and of efficiency,and to meet the requirements of national conditions and the international law.


The invention concerns a computer for calculating transitions between the legs of an aircraft flight plan without discontinuity of a path based on computation routines of the aircraft constructor's standardised transitions, and this over an unlimited number of legs. The dependability of the computer is considerably improved thereby.


There is evidence that tasks play an important role in the context of the development of virtual learning scenarios. This paper will focus on this fact and identify the relationship between tasks and their purpose in the context of "Lost in Antarctica". This game-based blended-learning scenario contains a huge variety of tasks ensuring the acquisition of different skills within the broad range of information literacy (IL)-topics. In conclusion, general recommendations for the use of tasks in the conceptional process of e-learning environments should be given. "Lost in Antarctica" is a game-based blended-learning platform for about 150 students of Industrial Engineering and Management who receive credit points for the successful completion of 12 levels representing important topics of IL. The source code of the game is available for all interested institutions. In the story-based learning scenario, the students act as scientists who travel in teams on a research expedition to the South Pole, but due to a snow storm they crashland. For the completion of each level, an airplane component can be received to repair the defective airplane. In the game, each level has a similar structure: the students have to alternately acquire knowledge and solve tasks. Opening new and innovative ways for teaching IL, the University Library of Braunschweig, the Institute of Business Information Systems (Department Information Management) of the Technische Universität Braunschweig and further strategic partners from university libraries in Hannover and Clausthal (Germany), developed this game-based blended-learning module on IL. During the creation process of the game, students as representatives of the target group were involved in the creation of the story and in the development of the ranking criteria for the game through several student innovation projects.


A total of 240 ewes were inseminated at the deep into the cervix with fresh or  chilled semen diluted in either Tris-Milk diluents. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the non-return rates between Tris and Tris-Milk diluents (32.5v 40.0% respectively) Chilled storage of the semen for 24h resulted in significant (P<0.001) decline in non-return rates from 47.5 40 29.5%. Non-return rates were however, significantly higher (P<0.001) following deep cervical insemnations than when insemnations were were done (40.0 v 24.2% respectively). They were also significantly higher (P<0.001) for fresh than chilled stored semen (41.7 v 22.5% respectively). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in lambing rates between  diluents (27.5 v 36.5% for Tris and Tris- Milk respectively.


A one-server queuing system with general distribution of service time is considered. An approximation to the general distribution with two-stage law the where first stage is deterministic and the second is exponential is suggested. It is shown that the coefficient of variation can be made arbitrarily small by choosing the parameters of the suggested distribution. The steady-state and transient equations are presented. The transient behavior is described with a system of delay-differential equations. Imitation results are compared to the obtained steady-state equations solution.


The higher vocational education is different from undergraduate education,and the teaching reform of the computer common courses is an important issue faced by all higher vocational colleges.The development steps of constructing the curriculum group based on work process is put forward,the building method and hierarchical teaching program of the curriculum group for computer common courses are given,and the dynamic computer curriculum system with the specialty characteristics of higher vocational colleges is set up.


In stead of as an individualized and characterized course,the teaching of art is a generalized one with regularity,that is to say,it has some rules and methods to follow.The most important is to find out some summarized issues and observe art as a whole to practice the capability.The article analyzes the integration of painting from designing,coloring,deepening,adjusting,etc..


Article History Received: 13.09.2018 Accepted: 26.09.2018 Published: 30.09.2018 Abstract: Population growth, aging, and sedentary lifestyles, particularly in developing countries, will create a crisis for population health that requires a multisystem response with musculoskeletal health services as a critical component. The prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal conditions increase with aging. Aim of this study assesses lifestyle elderly women Suffering from knee osteoarthritis pain. A descriptive research design used in this study. Was conducted at out patient orthopedic and rheumatology clinics at Nasr City Hospital and the Nile Hospital, affiliated to the National Health Insurance Organization Cairo Egypt. A purposive sample of 120 elderly women with OA. Tools the investigator will use four tools for collection of the data, namely an interview questionnaire, Lawton scale for the Activities of Daily Life Arthropometne measurement, Measure Body mass index, and a pain. Revealed 85% of study subjects from urban areas, suffered from OA since many years, and 68% Unsatisfactory knowledge and Adequate practices 71.7% and 80% was obese, and 73% suffered from Moderate pain. The results of the study show the lifestyle practices older women are higher than women's knowledge and higher in cases of moderate obesity and moderate pain in most elderly women. Health education about lifestyle modification, practice exercise should be provided to all female with OA attended to orthopedic and rheumatology clinic. Keywards: Elderly Women, Lifestyle Suffering, Knee Osteoarthritis Pain.


Thin films of InSb nanocrystals have been deposited onto KCl substrate Using a thermal evaporation technique Under high vacuum conditions (similar to 10(-6) torr). Ail intriguing microstructure consisted of moire fringes with variable spacings and a corresponding variety of electron diffraction patterns in reciprocal space are reported at the deposition temperature of 373 K. The nano-rains of InSb with preferred orientation and faceted morphology are delineated. A possible mechanism has been postulated to explain the evolution of such microstructures. It has been noticed that there is a peculiarity in the resistivity characteristics and infrared transmittance measurements obtained oil these films. A set of electron micrographs, diffraction patterns and properties have been evaluated and discussed to understand the role of nanocrystals constituting the thin film, and certain types of defects introduced in the microstructure while deposition, oil these properties.


17 We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically a nanofluidic device for the 18 selective recognition of cesium ion by exploiting host–guest interactions inside 19 confined geometry. For this purpose, a host molecule, i.e., the amine-terminated p20 tert-butylcalix[4]arene-crown (t-BuC[4]C–NH2), is successfully synthesized and 21 functionalized on the surface of a single conical nanopore fabricated in polyethylene 22 terephthalate (PET) membrane through carbodiimide coupling chemistry. On 23 exposure to cesium cation, the t-BuC[4]C–Cs complex is formed through host–guest 24 interaction, leading to the generation of positive fixed charges on the pore surface. 25 The asymmetrical distribution of these groups along the conical nanopore leads to the 26 2 electrical rectification observed in the current–voltage (I–V) curve. On the contrary, 1 other alkali cations are not able to induce any significant change in the rectification 2 characteristics of the nanopore. The success of the chemical modification is monitored 3 from the changes in the electrical readout of the nanopore. Theoretical results based 4 on the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations demonstrate further the validity of the 5 experimental approach to the cesium-induced ionic conduction of the nanopore. 6


A Phenaccocus herreni Cox & Williams population studied in Colombia, S.A., across a complete cassava crop cycle did not exceed 81 mealybugs/plant. P. herreni densities in Colombia were highest in the dry season, as were levels of parasitism by the encyrtids Acerophagus coccois Smith and Epidinocarsis diversicornis (Howard). Mealybug densities declined sharply during the dry season prior to the onset of rains. Stage survival among female mealybug nymphs was lowest in the third instar. Nine percent of all female first instar mealybugs survived to enter the adult stage. The combined action of the parasitoid species present caused 54.9% mortality to the host population as estimated by a new analytical method (Bellows et al. 1989).


Objective To establish the quality standard of Hongjing capsule. Methods Borneol and radix notoginseng from Hongjing capsule w ere identified by microscopic identification; Salvia miltiorrhiza,borneol and radix notoginseng w ere identified qualitatively by TLC; HPLC w as adopted to determine the content of thalidomide in the preparation,chromatographic column w as Inertsustain C18( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm); acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid solution( 15∶ 85,v / v) w as as mobile phase,and detection w avelength w as at 237 nm. Results Under the condition of selected TLC,the spot color w as clear and the separation effect w as good. Thalidomide show ed a good linear relationship in the range of 40. 32 ~ 141. 12 μg / m L w ith r = 0. 999 8,and average recovery w as 98. 27% w ith RSD 1.44%( n = 9). Conclusion The method is simple and specific w ith good repeatability and can be used for quality control of Hongjing capsule.


A clinical decision report appraising Hser YI, Evans E, Huang D, et al. Long‐term outcomes after randomization to buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone in a multi‐site trial. Addiction. 2016;111(4):695-705. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13238 for a patient with addiction to prescription opioids.


The role of higher education in producing graduates who can transform the nation cannot be overemphasised. As such, one must look for ways to ensure that the higher education received is of good quality and of an enviable standard. One of the means to ensure this is to look within the university administration for organisational effectiveness. The onus then lies on those at the centre of making important decisions for the university to do so using good techniques with the aim of creating the best environment for imparting knowledge and skills to students. To this end, it becomes a necessity to search out means to achieve organisational effectiveness in Nigerian universities. This paper will thus provide an introduction that gives a better understanding of the subject matter in detail of its components. A suitable literature review of the various opinions of scholars on this topic will be examined. The series of challenges militating against the subject matter such as lack of funding, corruption, lack of qualified personnel etc., will be analysed. A conclusion providing a summary of this paper will be made to give a simpler understanding of what the paper truly aimed to reach a reader. A list of applicable suggestions such as prioritising university education and providing counselling for students and staff to enable them to perform at their optimum best will be provided to remedy the challenges with a view of making them applicable to real-life situations.


« Is the visible computable » constitutes the leitmotiv of this research. It finds its origin in the practice of a psychologist animator in numerous point recovery courses. The application ground is road safety; part of a public health and worldwide preoccupation. The system ideology is based on the link between offences and accidents. The road education issue questions terms of cognitive treatment and is linked to social and legal preoccupations. But committing offences is a complex and located act, under the influence of several parameters, particulary: age, sex, personality, risk-taking, sensation-seeking, mental representations and behaviour as well as social influence. The literature review allows the link between individual risk factors and traffic violations, or even accidents to be made. A case-control study (n=2014), with 854 course takers describes them and invalidates the idea according to which they would be comparable to Mister Everybody. Course takers are not very sensitive to sanction, as seen during childhood where girls are more sensitive to punishment than boys who are sensitive to encouragement. Therefore an education and prevention system which takes reward into account remains to be imagined in constructing the pedagogy of the courses. The reward principle should not allow anybody, in particular men who represent 90% of the course takers, to stock points in order to reduce them later. Social characteristics, way of life and personality of drivers in the course bring knowledge to construct the courses. Post licence assessments including individual concerns in a collective stake of public health could allow a move from remedy to prevention. The pedagogy must focus even more on way of life and especially living together rather than theoretical content. It has already been shown that the more the accent is put on personality in this type of animation the lower the rate of repetition (DAN 2000). It remains to be seen whether it is support or therapy, and in the latter case whether the length of the point recovery course period as well as an absence of valuation and monitoring is a problem or a utopian ideal.


This work is focused on the catalytic combustion of tannery sludge by using ferrites and CeO2 in a stainless steel fixed bed reactor in comparison with the same system set in rotation. The presence of catalysts determined an increase of the reactivity with respect to the sludge alone. CeO2 catalyst enhanced mainly the reaction rate associated to the combustion of volatiles while it is not active in the combustion of the char. On the contrary, both LaFeO3 and LnFeO3 perovskites have accelerated the latter step. In the case of sludge alone, passing from the fixed to the rotating reactor, the mass of carbon burned increased from 18 wt% to 31 wt% indicating that the related effect is the promotion of mass transfer rates among the different phases. Moreover the ratio CO/CO2 widely decreased in the rotating system demonstrating that the enhanced oxygen mass transfer from gas to sludge particle surface determined an improvement of the combustion process since the selectivity to CO2 is enhanced.


A service crane for a wind turbine comprising a main crane beam (128) having a track (154) that accommodates a trolley (156). A hinge (144) is provided at a pivot point (148) near a proximate end of the main beam (128), such that an aft portion of the main beam (128) extends beyond the pivot point (148) to the exterior of the turbine. A distal end of the main beam (128) rests upon a forward beam. A lateral motion actuator (134) moves the main beam (128) back and forth along the forward beam. The trolley (156) runs back and forth along the main beam (128). A turbine component is attached to a hook lowered by cable from the trolley (156). The trolley (156) with the component on the hook is moved to the aft portion of the main beam (128), which extends beyond the turbine. The hook is lowered to the ground so that the component can be serviced or replaced.


In this paper, the relationship between Tm and composition of PEO/PVAc blend were studied and the Flory-Huggins parameter of the blend system were calculated. The experimental results show that this blend system is compatible and have only one glass transition temperature (Tg), so we can extend the relationship between sol fraction (S) and radiation dose (R) of linear polymer to the PEO/PVAc system. The Bb value of PEO/PVAc system were calculated, which is in good agreement with the experimental value.


A CPU functioning is extremely complex and it was experimentally revealed that a direct dependence between working speed and cooling degree exists. When the contact between two surfaces is imperfect, the specific thermal resistance of interface layer suddenly increases, so it became of frequent use to apply diverse materials between the CPU and radiator. These materials should both fill the gaps occurred due to surfaces roughness, material's fatigue, loading pressure etc. and transfer as much heat as possible during a short period of time. In order to ensure an appropriate cooling, other complementary methods are used, such as coolers, water or other liquids cooling, Peltier effect and even freon micro-refrigerating systems. In either situation, there are micro or nano channels through which fluids flow and thermal exchange takes place. The present paper aims to analyze the heat transfer under the mentioned conditions, considering the micro or nano scale dimensions of the channels. The thermal calculus can differ with respect to Kn number and for this case for thermal modelling diverse mathematical models can be realized. The model used is validated by comparing the results to numerical results obtained by authors from literature.


Despite a number of studies dedicated to the sensitivity of deep convection simulations to the properties of the rimed ice species in microphysics schemes, no consensus has been achieved on the nature of the impact. Considering the need for improved quantitative precipitation forecasts, it is crucial that the cloud modeling community better understands the reasons for these differing conclusions and knows the relevance of these sensitivities for the numerical weather prediction. This study examines the role of environmental conditions and storm type on the sensitivity of precipitation simulations to the nature of the rimed ice species (graupel or hail). Idealized 3D simulations of supercells/multicells and squall lines have been performed in varying thermodynamic environments. It has been shown that for simulation periods of sufficient length (.2h), graupel-containing and hail-containing storms produce domain-averaged surface precipitation that is more similarthanmanyearlierstudiessuggest.Whilegraupelisloftedtohigheraltitudesandhasalongerresidence time aloft than hail, these simulations suggest that most of this graupel eventually reaches the surface and the surface precipitation rates of hail- and graupel-containing storms converge. However, environmental conditions play an important role in the magnitude of this sensitivity. Storms in large-CAPE environments (typical of storms in the U.S. Midwest) are more sensitive than their low-CAPE counterparts (typical of storms in Europe) to the nature of the rimed ice species in terms of domain-average surface precipitation. Supercells/multicells are more sensitive than squall lines to the nature of the rimed ice species in terms of spatial precipitation distribution and peak precipitation, disregarding of the amount of CAPE.


In this decade there has been an explosion of basic information in the neurosciences. The discovery of the opiate receptor 1-3 followed by discovery of endogenous ligands for this receptor 47 5 spearheaded a revolution in peptide neurochemistry. As with most exciting discoveries, there have been early attempts to relate disease states to alterations in the synthesis, metabolism or action of these new opioid peptides. In fact these attempts have preceded an undersanding of the normal functions of the opioid peptides. In this paper we will augment existing reviews G-8 in hopes of characterizing the boundaries of the research in opiate and opioid pharmacology in psychiatric patients. Clinical interest in endorphins has been generated for a number of reasons. Psychotomimetic reactions to many opiates have been reversed by the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Cyclazocine, a mixed agonist-antagonist, has been reported to have antidepressant efficacy. A recent intriguing report found an antihallucinatory effect of naloxone; this has stimulated a number of pilot studies. In fact, the broad behavioral actions of opiates on mood, cognition, endocrine function, and pain sensitivity made the discovery of endogenous opiate-like compounds particularly intriguing-could there be an excess or deficiency of these compounds in schizophrenia, depression or mania. Experimental evidence that opiate-like peptides (endorphins) play a role in symptoms of some psychiatric illnesses comes from several sources: direct pharmacological testing of narcotic antagonists and endorphins in psychiatrically ill populations, measurement of endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma and studies of endorphin mediation of physiological functions, such as endorphin influences on pain regulation, pituitary function and temperature regulation.


Metal reflects electromagnetic waves because of the large conductivity that is responsible for dissipation. During which the waves undergo a 180$^\circ$ phase change that is independent of the frequency. There is no counterpart material for acoustic waves. Here we show that by using an array of acoustic resonators with a designed high-density dissipative component, an "acoustic metal" can be realised that strongly couples with sound over a wide frequency range not otherwise attainable by conventional means. In particular, we show the acoustic Faraday cage effect that when used as a ring covering an air duct, 99% of the noise can be blocked without impeding the airflow. We further delineate the underlying volume requirement for an acoustic metal based on the constraint of the causality principle. Our findings complement the missing properties of acoustic materials and pave the way to the strong wave-material couplings that are critical for the applications as high-performance audio devices.


Abstract : The syntheses and a preliminary evaluation of two new phenylated polyquinoxalines are reported. Their thermal, oxidative, solubility, and processability properties are compared with each other and with five other polyquinoxalines. Significant relationships between chemical structures and thermal and oxidative stabilities are shown. Polyquinoxalines which are phenylated show greatly superior properties over the nonphenylated types. Further, these can be dissolved in many solvents after extended exposure to 250C in air. One of these new polymers had a film flex-life of more than 10 days at 400C (725F) in air. The polymerization was unexpectedly found to proceed at room temperature. (Author)


The number of migrant-workers in Guangzhou,who come from all over China,is big,which brings significance to an investigation in their language use and attitude.The investigation shows that Cantonese is the second dialect in use in public,while Mandarin is mostly spoken.The language attitude towards Mandarin is identified as positive for the migrant-workers in Guangzhou.They demand a high level of Mandarin,and strongly hope that their offsprings always speak and use Mandarin.


Based on analyzing the past research on vehicle scheduling in transit scheduling, a new optimization model to minimize the total vehicle operation cost is proposed. This optimization model is a nonlinear integer programming and can be solved rapidly with the global solver in LINGO, as long as the appropriate value of fleet size. It is the advantage of the optimization model and solution methodology in searching the global optimum solution quickly. Finally, the scientific and reasonableness of them is proved by experimental data in the paper.


In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward improving aircraft fuel efficiency. Analytical studies and research with wind tunnel models have demonstrated that the high inherent efficiency of low speed turboprop propulsion systems may now be extended to the Mach .8 flight regime of today's commercial airliners. This can be accomplished with a propeller, employing a large number of thin highly swept blades. The term Prop-Fan has been coined to describe such a propulsion system. In 1983 the NASA-Lewis Research Center contracted with Hamilton Standard to design, build and test a near full scale Prop-Fan, designated the Large Scale Advanced Prop-Fan (LAP). This report provides a detailed description of the LAP program. The assumptions and analytical procedures used in the design of Prop-Fan system components are discussed in detail. The manufacturing techniques used in the fabrication of the Prop-Fan are presented. Each of the tests run during the course of the program are also discussed and the major conclusions derived from them stated.


Raman measurements on the quasi-1D Ising antiferromagnets CsCoCl3 and CsCoBr3 are presented. The magnons in both systems may be described by a spin-1/2 model and exhibit most interesting quantum features. These features are discussed in the 3D ordered and in the 1D short-range order regimes. Due to the hexagonal structure, 1D phenomena may be studied even in the presence of short-range order. Most of the effects may be described very satisfactorily by a recently developed theory, apart from strong magnon-phonon coupling in CsCoCl3. A set of parameters describing the magnons in these quantum systems is extracted from the data. It is suggested that 3D cooperative phenomena are still present in the 1D regime.


The picosecond holographic grating generation and detection of ultrasonic waves are described. Two mechanisms, a heating mechanism and a stimulated Brillouin scattering mechanism, are described. These permit the generation of tunable ultrasonic waves in the MHz to GHz range. It is demonstrated that the two mechanisms can be distinguished by the distinct time dependences of the diffraction of a variably delayed probe pulse from the acoustic gratings. In addition, the acoustic waves can be optically manipulated, i.e., amplified, cancelled, and phase shifted. The use of the technique for the detection of weak ground state absorptions and excited state-excited state absorptions is illustrated. Mixed excited state and acoustic gratings are discussed. The phase grating contribution to diffraction from an excited state grating is displayed, and the interference between the acoustic phase grating and the excited state phase grating is described and experimentally illustrated. Contributions to the acoustic grating diffraction from spectral shifts when the probe is near a strong, narrow transition are considered. Grating experiments on various phases of liquid crystal thin films are presented. It is shown that in addition to an acoustic grating, a Kerr effect grating is produced. The Kerr grating can be separated from the acoustic grating using polarization grating excitation. The Kerr grating reveals nonexponential relaxation of orientation order in liquid crystals on a short time scale (<1 ns).


In experimental psychology, observations are the important base of sound investigations. For observations, adequate stimuli are necessary. But even simplest stimuli need some troublesome works for their making. So sometimes basic observations are neglected. This tendency is undesirable for researches. And these observations facilitate general understanding of scientific psychology. I want to collect and publish some useful simple stimuli for observations. This paper contains elementary simple figures in that collection.2


We attempt to survey some of the interrelationships between algebraic K-theory, topology, and analysis. The exposition is in two parts, the first dealing with K-theory of group rings and connections with topology, and the second dealing with flat bundles, secondary invariants, and connections with differential geometry.


Preface Introduction: A cooperative security system and a culture of peace 1. Major armed conflicts 2. Armed conflict prevention, management and resolution 3. Military expenditure, arms production and the arms trade 4. Weapons of mass destruction 5. Arms control 6. The United Nations 7. Regional and subregional security: Europe and Asia 8. Chronology of major events related to peace, security, and conflict prevention, 1992-96 9. Glossary: terms, acronyms and membership of international organizations


We have investigated Hall-effect and magnetotransport properties of Nd-based manganite crystals with controlled band filling. We have determined normal (RH) and anomalous (RS) Hall coefficients as a function of temperature in the ferromagnetic metallic crystal. The obtained effective carrier number (1/eRH) is about 1.0 hole/Mn site, which does not depend on temperature and nominal hole concentration. We have also found magnetoresistance (MR) in the over-doped samples showing various electronic, magnetic, and orbital structures. In C-type antiferromagnetic insulator (0.63⩽x), the ρ−T curve below 45 K is well explained by the variable-range hopping (VRH) mechanism. A large negative MR, which is increased with decreasing temperature, was observed in VRH region. The localization length from the characteristic temperature of VRH increases with magnetic field, which indicates that application of magnetic field induces a reduction of energy gap from EF to the mobility edge by the Zeeman shift.


The purpose of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the current legislation and law enforcement practice in the Russian Federation to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of bringing to responsibility for causing harm to the surface layer of the earth. The subject of the study is the current legislation and judicial practice on the selected issue, in which ineffective aspects of coercive measures in the designated area were developed. The methodological basis of the study consisted of such methods as comparison, analysis, complex system method, induction, deduction, as well as the formal legal method. The main developers of this problem are Anisimov A. P., Ivakin V. I., Sukhova E. A. and some others. The results of the work were conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the enforcement system in cases involving damage to the soil. The low legal awareness of the population was revealed due to the lack of environmentally oriented measures of responsibility for land offenses. This is also due to the lack of a clear mechanism for compensating such harm by the forces of the perpetrator. The authors consider it necessary to develop more specialized administrative responsibility structures to increase the importance of soil protection in the current conditions, as well as to unify the mechanism of compensation for damage to the soil "in kind". The conclusions and suggestions obtained in the course of the study on optimizing the existing system of bringing responsibility into account are valuable for their practical application, as they allow paying attention to the existing problems of the law enforcement officer and will ensure the improvement of legislation.


•Define engineering and engineers.
•Understand the importance of engineering profession.
•Understand the role and job scope of engineer in society.
•Study the behaviour of engineer in society.
•Study the contribution of engineering and engineering development in the society.


InGaAs quantum wells with GaAs, AlGaAs and GaInP barriers have been simulated, respectively. The InGaAs/GaInP structure reveals a high material gain which could be nearly 1.4 times of that of InGaAs/GaAs. Threshold current of InGaAs/GaInP structure is less than half of InGaAs/AlGaAs. A high slope efficiency of 1.57 W/A from InGaAs/GaInP structure is observed with indium content as high as 0.35. InGaAs/GaInP structure will be the most appropriate candidate to fabricate a laser diode with high slope efficiency and low threshold current.


This paper discusses the manufacture and characterization of activated carbon from bamboo apus (Gigantochloa apus) with H3PO4 activator. The aims of study were to determine the optimum carbonization temperture and  time as well as the amount of phosphoric acid required as the chemical activator. In addition, the activated carbon was also characterized following the Indonesian National Standard (SNI-1995) for activated carbon. Tthe activated carbon functional groups was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. The result showed that the optimum temperature of carbonization was 600oC, the carbonization time was 90 minutes and the  phosphoric acid  required was 20 gram for 1 gram carbon. Under these conditions, the activated carbon resulted met SNI-1995 with the characteristics as follows:  the water content was (1.11±0.83%), the level of volatile substances was (8.13± 0.27%), the total ash amount was (7.33±1.35%), the carbon contents was (83.40±0.27%). and the absorption capacities of iodine and methylen blue were of 1057.75 mg/g, 472.88 mg/g, respectively. FTIR identification indicated the existence of some functional groups, namely aromatik, ketone, and hydroxyl.


Introduction: Dental management of a child with CHD is a procedure that requires special considerations due to predisposition to infective endocarditis (IE). The incidence of bacteremia can be induced by variable dental procedures, such as teeth extractions, root canal treatment, pulpotomies, interproximal fillings and application of rubber dam or stainless steel crowns (SSC). Pediatric dentists in the past decades, tend to perform extractions rather than pulpotomies of the deep carious primary molars to prevent possible infection of those teeth that may induce IE. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of bacteremia in children with CHD who received dental extractions or pulpotomies of the primary molars under general anesthesia (GA). Patients and Methods: A total of 60 patients with CHD (age 2-7 years old) from Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre (PSCC) and PSMMC in Riyadh were evaluated by pediatric cardiologist for complete blood count (CBC), blood culture and Echocardiography. The patients received prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental treatment under GA. All patients were low to moderate risk to IE. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 30 patients received formocresol pulpotomies (FP) and SSCs and 30 patients had extractions of primary molars with vital deep carious lesions. Results: The mean age of patients was 3.9 years from FP group and 4.8 years from extractions group. Fifty eight patients were low risk to IE and 2 patients were at moderate risk. Following dental rehabilitation in the follow up visits over a three years period, there were no vegetation or signs of IE. The clinical and radiographic findings for pulpally treated teeth showed no signs of dental abscesses or apical lesions. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study showed that there was no vegetation in echocardiogram between the two groups of patients who received either pulpotomy or extractions of primary molar teeth in patients with (CHD). In addition, pulpotomy is not a risk factor to induce IE in patients with CHD. However, all patients received antibiotic prophylaxis prior dental rehabilitation.


Abstract In this paper, acrylonitrile and hydroxypropyl acrylate are used as the binary polymerization monomers, and isooctane is used as the foaming agent to prepare high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules. Analysis of the effect of blowing agent and crosslinking agent on the expansion properties of high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules, the effects of foaming agent azodicarbonamide (ADCA) and micro-expansion capsule on the surface quality and foaming quality of foamed acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) products were investigated. The foamed product prepared by the high-temperature microcapsule has a good surface quality, the gloss is 52.3, the cell is not easily deformed, and the volume fraction is 4%; the foamed ABS/ADCA material has poor cell uniformity, the cell is easily deformed, the volume fraction is 6.5%, the surface quality is poor, and the gloss is only 8.7.


This paper investigates common (slack) due-date assignment single-machine scheduling with controllable processing times within a group technology environment. Under linear and convex resource allocation functions, the cost function minimizes scheduling (including the weighted sum of earliness, tardiness, and due-date assignment, where the weights are position-dependent) and resource-allocation costs. Given some optimal properties of the problem, if the size of jobs in each group is identical, the optimal group sequence can be obtained via an assignment problem. We then illustrate that the problem is polynomially solvable in O(℘3) time, where ℘ is the number of jobs.


This paper describes the use of haptic and pseudo-haptic feedback in a virtual reality system called the Virtual Technical Trainer (VTT). This system is dedicated to the technical training of milling. VTT proposes an interactive manipulation of a virtual milling cutter with haptic feedback. When the cutting tool mills the virtual workpiece, the trainees can feel its resistance according to different simulation parameters. The system proposes two types of haptic interaction using a generic haptic device or a simple input device combined with pseudo-haptic feedback.


This study measures inequality and fiscal progressivity. It differs from prior such analyses by measuring inequality based on remaining lifetime spending rather than particular resources, like wealth and current income, that only partially determine lifetime spending, and by considering inequality and progressivity within generations rather than across the entire population. To estimate the distribution of remaining lifetime spending, we run the 2016 Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances (after imputing missing data from other surveys) through The Fiscal Analyzer (TFA), a life-cycle consumption-smoothing program that incorporates remaining lifetime resources, borrowing constraints and all important elements of federal and state taxes and transfers. We find that inequality in wealth and income dramatically overstate inequality in remaining lifetime spending. For example, the richest 1 percent of forty year olds, where resources are measured as the sum of human plus non-human wealth, have 34.1 percent of the cohort's total wealth, but account for only 14.5 percent of the cohort's total remaining lifetime spending. The poorest quintile of forty year olds own just 0.6 percent of the cohort's wealth, but account for 7.3 percent of its remaining lifetime spending. We also find that within-cohort inequality differs considerably from population inequality, and that, for particular age cohorts, current-year net tax rates substantially understate the degree of progressivity. Also, we show that the impact of tax reform may be misstated, as illustrated by our analysis of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. .


Background: Writing a scientific manuscript is an important skill to acquire for junior doctors considering the mandatory requirement of research publications during post-graduate training and for career advancement in India. Methods: We conducted a one-day workshop on scientific writing and publication at Udaipur in November 2017, comprising both didactic lectures as well as hands-on evaluation of a dummy manuscript, and evaluated structured questionnaires filled pre- and post-workshop. Results: There were 120 attendees, most of whom were junior doctors with little or no prior experience in writing a scientific paper. A significant baseline knowledge deficit regarding the principles and processes of scientific writing (ranging from 20.9% to 77.3% participants for the different questions asked) could be identified before the workshop. This knowledge deficit was significantly improved in most areas as assessed after the workshop. We identified the need to discuss predatory publishing in greater detail in subsequent workshops, as 20.8% of respondents after the workshop professed that they might consider publishing in a predatory journal. As expressed in participant feedback, longer, more-specialized or advanced level workshops on scientific writing in the future could also consider including more details on appropriate statistical presentation and pictorial representation of data as well as longer time spent on hands-on exercises. Conclusion: There remains a need to conduct more scientific writing workshops by national societies and journals all over the country.


This study evaluates a randomized intervention that uses economic incentives to reduce risky sexual behavior among young people aged 18-30 and their spouses in rural Tanzania. The goal is to prevent HIV, other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), and unintended pregnancy by linking cash rewards to negative STI test results assessed every 4 months. The study tests the hypothesis that a system of rapid feedback and positive reinforcement using cash as a primary incentive to reduce risky sexual behavior, coupled with individual and group counseling, can be used to promote safer sexual activity among young people who are at high risk of HIV infection. This paper reports initial results of the randomized controlled trial, finding that enrollees offered $20 incentives experienced 25% lower STI prevalence than the control arm enrollees after one year. Introduction With existing HIV prevention efforts showing limited effectiveness in most African settings, novel approaches are needed. Conditional cash transfers (CCT) have been promising in other domains such as education. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether CCTs could be adapted to help slow the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The study tests the hypothesis that a system of rapid feedback and positive reinforcement using cash as a primary incentive, coupled with group counseling and relationship-skills training, can be used to reduce risky sexual activity among young people who are at high risk of HIV infection. Data and methods The economic component of the intervention involves the use of CCTs to prevent HIV, other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), and unintended pregnancy by linking cash payments to negative laboratory test results for a set of curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium), assessed every four months. The group counseling component addressed gender/power inequities to encourage deliberate decision-making in sexual and reproductive health. This two-year study involves a randomized controlled trial with two main arms: a treatment arm which received the economic intervention (CCT) for one year starting at baseline, and a control arm which did not. Both arms received STI testing, counseling, and treatment at baseline, month 4, month 8, month 12, and will receive them again at month 24. All participants were offered the group counseling through a series of 12 monthly sessions throughout the first year. The treatment arm further allows sub-study of the effect of varying sizes of CCTs: 10,000 Tz Shillings (~= 10 USD) or 20,000 TZS every four months. The 2,399 study participants were randomly selected from the Kilombero/Ulanga Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Tanzania.


IN 1949, Beck, McKhann, and Belnapl introduced a new operative procedure designed to increase the arterial blood supply to the cerebral cortex by establishing an arteriovenous anastomosis between the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. The increased blood supply, in the opinion of Beck and coworkers, results in a better oxygenation and, consequently, in increased nourishment of cortical cells. It was claimed that the operative procedure produces beneficial effects in patients in whom the function of cortical cells has been rendered abnormal but not entirely suppressed through past injury. The operation has been performed on several hundred mentally defective patients and, occasionally, on patients affected with senile dementia, arteriosclerotic psychosis, and sequelae of brain embolism. Results have been published, however, in a few more than 300 patients. Since a wide discrepancy of opinion exists concerning the value of the procedure, it was considered of some interest to report briefly the following series of 25 patients.


It follows by a method given in a recent paper by the author that if the osmotic membrane be assumed to be impermeable to the solute, the formula for the change of vapour-pressure of a volatile solute with hydrostatic pressure, and also the formula for the osmotic pressure which is deduced from it, must be the same as the formula for a non-volatile solute, and should not contain any terms depending on the vapour-pressure of the solute, except in so far as it may affect the hydrostatic pressure of the solution. If, on the other hand, an osmotic membrane is regarded as a vapour-sieve permeable to the vapour of the solution but not to the liquid phase, the equation takes a different form, depending on the concentration of the constituents in the vapour-phase. If c 1, c 2, etc., be the concentrations of the constituents in grammes per gramme of the vapour, and if U1, U2, etc., be the specific volumes of the constituents in the solution, the change of total vapour-pressure dp of the solution for a change of hydrostatic pressure d P is given by the relation, ∑ c U d P = v dp , where v is the specific volume of the whole vapour-phase. If only on constituent is volatile, this relation reduces to the form U d P = v dp for that constituent.


In 1942 photographer Andreas Feininger travelled across the United States documenting war industries for the Office of War Information, a New Deal agency. In the midst of world war, Feininger's straightforward photographs of plane production, copper mining, and other key industries were carefully crafted propaganda designed to combat German rhetoric and bolster public support and confidence in the war effort. Feininger's style, an admixture of modernist ideas and social detachment, found resonance within US ideological efforts that stressed data and facts, and became known as the 'Strategy of Truth'.


Conditions of determination of manganese(II) in soils samples using differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry in an electrochemically enriched solution (DPCSV-EE) at hanging mercury drop electrode have been optimized. Manganese was extracted from soils with 1 mol·dm HCl. 0.2 mol·dm ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH = 8÷9) was supporting electrolyte. Deposition time was 15÷30 s, deposition potential –1.7 V, initial potential –1.15 V and end potential –1.7 V vs. NEK. In the above conditions Mn(II) peak height vs. its concentration dependence is linear up to 7 · 10 mol·dm Mn(II). The accuracy and precision of the proposed method are also satisfactory. The relative standard deviation for 90 ppm Mn(II) equals 12.8% and for 145 ppm equals 8.9%. The method has been applied to study the content of available forms of the manganese in soils from the vicinity of Zawiercie Steel Mill and Huta Glogow Smeltery.


Exports of textiles and clothing are a vital source of employment and income for developing countries. Under the Multifibre Arrangement, rich countries used quotas to restrict entry of these goods to their markets. Quotas are now being lifted, but protectionist barriers remain, and more may be erected. The abrupt lifting of quotas has also left several poor and vulnerable countries facing a harsh transition period, and in urgent need of assistance.


Internet-of-Things devices and next-generation DC power distribution systems require a power supply to provide multiple output voltages and dispatch input power from multiple energy sources. Using multi-input multi-output DC/DC converters may benefit such power supplies and systems in reducing their count of electronic components, complexity, and power losses. This express for the first time presents a generalized synthesis methodology to derive multi-input multi-output converters without intermediate energy buffer stages, based on basic power converter cells. The rigorous principles of combining these circuitry cells are proposed. Two design examples are shown to demonstrate the proposed methodology.


Objective To study the clinicopathological,differential diagnosis,biologic characterstics and immunohistochemical features of chordoma.Methods One case of chordoma in right parotid was studied by clinicopathologic analysis and immunohistochemistry.Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin,vimentin,S-100 protein(S-100),epithelial membrance antigen(EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) were performed and the related literatures reviewed.Results Microscopically,there were characteristics of lobules of physaliphorous cells,seperated by fibrous tissues.Immunohistochemiscal staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin,vimentin,EMA and a few of them positive for S-100.CEA was negative.Conclusion Chordoma is a rare and low-grade malignant tumor with epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.Histologically,the tumor must be differentiated from myxoid chondrosarcoma,chondroma and metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma.This tumor is high-invasive,easy to recur and to be misdiagnosed.It is helpful for the differential diagnosis to use combined immunostaining of CK,Vim,EMA,S-100 and CEA.


Cooperative Learning can improve learning via the communication between learners,and information circumstances provides a communication and cooperation platform for the learners.So how to integrate these two to encourage the learners is a question worthy of study.Based on the practice and instructed by contemporary theories,this paper has probed into the style and the effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in college foreign language class under information circumstances.


The current booming private economy has become an important component of the socialist market economy,but the norms and the protection of the private economic development is lagging behind the socialist legal system,including the criminal matters,the legislative and the judicial system,is deficient. In order to maintain the private economy sustained,steady and healthy development of non-public economic,develop a sound legal environment,to improve the criminal legal system is in urgent need of strengthening.


Effects of interaction of two ring-loop electronic oscillators with time-delayed feedback are investigated. Nearly periodical zones of amplitude death and beating regimes separated by the "broadband synchronization" domains are revealed. Similar synchronization picture is observed in a system of two coupled klystron vacuum-tube oscillators.


A sending device receives a user input indicating that the user wishes to share and open item of content with a receiving device. A near field communication link is opened between the sending device and the receiving device. Metadata for sharing the open data is gathered on the sending device and a permission setting user interface display is displayed, with the user input mechanism that allows a user to set permissions corresponding to the open item. User actuation of the permission setting user input mechanism is received, the permissions are added to the open item, and the metadata is sent to the receiving device over the near field communication link. The metadata includes a location of the open item. The open item can then be accessed by the receiving device, with the permissions applied to the open item.


This article aims to present criticals problematizations about QualiSUS-networks - Ministry ofHealth of Brazil, program funded by the World Bank. Through a study conducted by thedocuments that support the program and the theoretical references that deal with the same, anappreciation of the main proposals of the program was held. The study showed that despite theQualiSUS-nets have in their composition directions seeking advances in terms of public healthservices, it is necessary to question the alignment to the World Bank dictates in an attack contextof public health policies, to demystify political and economic foundations of governmentprograms. Descriptors : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Health policy; Publichealth.


Knaresborough Rotary Club's Nidd Gorge Walk on Sunday 13th September will help raise funds for Martin House Children' Hospice and includes free entry ...


Acyl derivatives of crown esters containing amino acid derivatives as substitutes were studied. Derivatives of N-acylazacrown esters were found in experiments to display a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity, antiaggressive and tranquillizing effects and not to produce any sedative and myorelaxant actions. The profile of psychotropic activity of N-crown esters derivatives seems to be similar to that of atypic tranquillizers but the latters are less toxic.


Simone – a 45 years old lady quite confident in life despite the fact that she left the school when she was 14 – works at a well known supermarket where she is responsible for a variety of daily tasks. When we talk to her we understand that she is able to deal with quite sophisticated processes. All her colleagues and the supervisor of the supermarket agree that Simone is a quite competent person. She would like to study more but she is in fact facing the need to hold a diploma of the 12 grade in order to get a promotion.


SummarySch 1000 (ipratropium bromide) is an anticholinergic drug which has been used as a bronchial antispasmodic. This paper reports the results obtained by administering Sch WOO repeatedly in doses of 0.02 mg. by inhalation at intervals of 30 minutes for up to 4 doses. Observations were made of FEV1 and of Raw, Vtg and SGaw to show the effected changes. Measurements were also made of blood pressure and heart rate as well as blood gas concentrations and expired gases. Details are given of the spirometric and plethysmographic data which show that Sch 1000 given in this way produces a degree of improvement in patients with reversible airways obstruction comparable with single doses of orciprenaline. No consistent changes were observed in blood gas concentrations.


The number of integrated transistors that can be contained on a chip are increasing at an exponential rate, along with rise in targeted sophisticated applications. Thus the design of Systems-on-Chip (SoC) is becoming more and more complex. Hence there is a critical need to find new seamless methodologies and tools to handle the SoC co-design aspects. This paper presents a novel approach for expressing system adaptivity and reconfigurability in Gaspard, a SoC co-design framework, with special focus on partially dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs. The framework is compliant with UML MARTE profile proposed by Object Management Group, for modeling and analysis of realtime embedded systems. The overall objective is to carry out system modeling at a high abstraction level expressed in UML; and afterwards, transform these high level models into detailed enriched lower level models in order to automatically generate the necessary code for final FPGA synthesis


The concept of ecomaterials has been proposed in early 90th, and it is distributing by connecting with Eco-design and Life-cycle designing. Materials' technology for life-cycle design for the environment is developed to solve the global environmental issues. The key-items of these ecomaterials are "hazardous substance free", "green environmental profile", "higher recyclablity ", and "higher material-efficiency". They are Ecomaterials of the 1st Generation: life-cycle re-designing of conventional materials from environmental viewpoint, following the 0th Generation: materials used for environmental protections and advanced energy systems.
Ecomaterial is developing into the 2nd Generation: materials of higher performance for energy system and environmental protection with consideration of life-cycle environ-mental impacts. The view of the ecomaterials in the next generation is introduced and the viewpoint of resource. Nanotechnology should also discussed from the viewpoint of resource productivity.

productivity is mentioned.