Certain factors were investigated, namely the moths' age at mating, frequency of mating, including repeated and successive matings, that determine the mating capacity, longevity, preoviposition and oviposition periods, fecundity and egg fertility in Busseola fusca (Fuller). The percentage of moths that mated increased from 60 % on the night of eclosion to 90 % 3‐days after, and then it declined significantly. Maximum mating activity (97%) occurred when 1‐day‐old males were paired with 3‐day‐old females. When mating was delayed, longevity and preoviposition period were prolonged, and the oviposition period was shortened. Fecundity and egg fertility both decreased progressively with increasing age at mating; the highest fecundity (822 eggs) and egg fertility (94 %) were obtained when the females were mated on the night of eclosion. Delays in mating of 1–3 days after eclosion would lead to a 27–74 % reduction in the number of viable eggs. Given the opportunity, B. fusca males mated with an average of 4.9 unmated females, and the first five spermatophores transferred during successive matings were equally effective in fertilizing the eggs. Although the females mated more than once, if kept with males all the time, a single spermatophore was sufficient to fertilize the eggs laid throughout life. The multiple mating ability of B. fusca males indicates that suppressing the population by mass‐trapping of males would not be feasible. On the other hand, the reduced production of viable eggs caused by delayed mating in the females suggests that permeating the field with synthetic sex pheromone so as to disrupt mating would be an effective behavioural control strategy for this pest.


Originally inspired by game-theory, path attribution framework stands out among the post-hoc model interpretation tools due to its axiomatic nature. However, recent developments show that this framework can still suffer from counter-intuitive results. Moreover, specifically for deep visual models, the existing path-based methods also fall short on conforming to the original intuitions that are the basis of the claimed axiomatic properties of this framework. We address these problems with a systematic investigation, and pinpoint the conditions in which the counter-intuitive results can be avoided for deep visual model interpretation with the path attribution strategy. We also devise a scheme to preclude the conditions in which visual model interpretation can invalidate the axiomatic properties of path attribution. These insights are combined into a method that enables reliable visual model interpretation. Our findings are establish empirically with multiple datasets, models and evaluation metrics. Extensive experiments show a consistent performance gain of our method over the baselines.


From the last decade there has been a tremendous increase in demand of ready to eat food products by the consumers behind which there are several reasons such as growing awareness, increase in working women etc. These kind of products are healthy, appetising, nutritive with natural flavours. Tomato is one of the largest commercial vegetable in the world and second most consumed vegetable in the world. The awareness of harmful effects of free radicals for human health has recently increased. Free radicals are very unstable molecules arising physiologically during cellular aerobic metabolism (2-3% of oxygen consumed by a cell is converted into free radicals). These free radicals react quickly with other compounds and begin the chain reactions. Normally, the human body can handle these compounds, but if their amount becomes excessive, damage can occur. Antioxidants are capable of stabilizing, or deactivating, free radicals before they attack cells. Antioxidants are absolutely critical for maintaining optimal cellular and systemic health and well-being. Antioxidants involve variety of components, both endogenous and exogenous in origin, that function interactively and synergistically to neutralize free radicals. The comparative study shows that the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of fresh tomato is less and it increases after processing.


This book is a well‐set book, which has been prepared for understanding the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at the treatment of cancer. Despite the considerable progress in cancer therapy, novel therapeutic approaches for covering pitfalls of current treatments are need. This unique book has been written in a specific manner and tries to provide a comprehensive perspective of cancer therapy concepts by using MSC. Author has provided an overview of natural sources of MSC, homing and migration to tumors microenvironment, antitumor effects of MSC such as delivery of cytokines, prodrugs, oncolytic viruses (OV), angiogenesis agents, and pro‐apoptotic protein. Other parts of this book are using MSC combine with other therapeutic approaches and in vivo monitor the long‐term fate of MSC after therapy. At the end, this written discusses the prospects and caveats of MSC at cancer therapy. The book is a collection of articles that were written by some scientists around the world, collected by Khalid Shah, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The topics included in this book are classified into eight sections. In this book, all relevant issues from basic to advanced concepts are explained. Using of MSC for the treatment of diseases especially cancer is attractive and promising that is described in this book.


This study aims to identify the English proficiency of first year college students when taken as a whole and when classified according to sex and program. The study utilized the guidance office's entrance test for incoming first year students which was administered by the guidance staff. The test covers both grammar and reading comprehension. To determine the significant difference in the English proficiency of the first year college students, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. The findings of the study revealed that the English proficiency of the first year college students when taken as an entire group was good. When classified according to program and sex, the English proficiency of the BSHM and BSSW students is also good. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed, however, that while there was no significant difference in the English proficiency of first year students when classified according to sex, there was a significant difference when classified according to programs.


The characteristics of spray has much effect on performance and emissions for automobile, diesel engine, gas turbine and combustion engines. So spray behavior after impinging the wall is very important for prediction the engine performance. This studies examined about impingement spray considering ambient density( I 8,24,30 kg/m³,temperature(293,473K), impingement angle(0,30,45˚). The images of impingement spray were obtained by the high speed video camera. After that we analyzed impingement spray characteristics to use this images.
In this experiment, we found that 1) The spray width is reduced by increasing the ambient gas density and temperature, 2) The growth of downstream is increased by increasing the impingement angle.


The first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation is an inevitable result of "Oriental Strategy" implemented by the Communist International in China.To facilitate Kuomintang-Communist cooperation,the Communist International put forward a new explanation to the political basis of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation,and helped Sun Yisen develop the old three people's principles to the new three people's principles.


Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN protein and apoptosis of tumor cells in tumor graft of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma in athymic mice after chemotherapy (CTX). Methods Eighteen athymic BALB/C-nu/nu mice were subcutanously injected under the anterior right leg with cultured A549 cell suspension. Then, all the athymic mice were randomized into 3 groups, respectively receiving 100 mg/kg CTX (low-dose metronomic, LDM) each other day for 3 times, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1 CTX (maximum tolerable dose, MTD) for 21 d and 0.9% NS for 21 d. All athymic mice were killed after chemotherapy, and the obtained tumors were used to detect the expression of PTEN protein by immunohistochemistry and the apoptosis of the tumor cells by TUNEL. Results The expression of PTEN protein and apoptosis rate in LDM group were significantly higher than that in MTD group and control group (P0.05). Conclusion The low-dose metronomic chemotherapy can upgrade the level of PTEN protein so as to induce the apoptosis of tumor cells consequently.


Introduction. All over the world, the great socio-economic importance of occupational skin diseases is recognized, among which occupational allergic dermatoses account for a significant share. An important factor affecting the effectiveness of preventive measures is the identification of groups and risk factors for the development of the disease. In this regard, the importance of measures aimed at reducing the incidence of pro-allergic dermatoses is obvious. The aim of study is to characterize the severity of the clinical course in patients with occupational eczema, depending on the influence of concomitant pathologies (atopy, mycoses). Materials and methods. The data of the results of examinations of 70 patients who were hospitalized in the clinic department of dermatology of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health for the last 3 years are provided. Results. In patients with a history of atopy and concomitant mycotic infection, the clinical picture is widespread with pronounced inflammatory manifestations, there is a more frequent exacerbation and torpidity to the therapy. The time of manifestation from the beginning of work with industrial allergens is reduced. Conclusions. Identification of patients with atopy (pollinosis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis), patients with mycotic infections as risk groups for the development of occupational allergodermatoses and their inclusion in preventive programs can improve the effectiveness of medical examinations and prevent them from developing severe forms of occupational skin pathology, reduce the disability of patients.


In practice,theuseof specializedterminologyin afirm's internaldocumentsis oftenpercei vedasanobstacleto correctunderstandingof a text. With theemergenceof intranetcommunication,thepossibility arisesof makingavailableon-lineexplanationsof termsusedin adocument.A conditionfor thesuccess of suchanenterpriseis that termsarerecognizedalsowhenthey occurin inflectedformsor whenthey consistof morethanoneword.WordManager(WM) is asystemfor reusablemorphologicaldictionaries which is optimally suitedto theseconditions.In additionit offers a user-friendly environmentfor the specificationandmaintenanceof a database, anda tool generatorwhich providesa modelfor thespecification of a finite-statetransducermediatingbetweentheWM databaseandtheterminologydatabase. The collaborationbetweenUBS AG andWM hasshown that theseadvantagescanalsobe realizedin practice. 1 The Terminology Problem Usinga well-definedterminologycanbea usefulaid to specializedcommunication, but in less favourablecircumstancesit canalsoconstitutean obstacleto understanding. This problemis highlightedin a situationwherecommunicationinvolvespeopleusedto similar but not identical terminologicalconventions.Sincemuchof theprescripti ve,norm-formingprocessinvolved in terminologyis firm-specific,a merger is anoccasionwhenterminologyrequiresspecialattention. In orderto improveinternalcommunicationUBSAG havedecidedto facilitateaccessto terminologicaldefinitionsby meansof a tool which canbeappliedto documentson theintranet.Its designcriteriaarethatfor documentspublishedon theintranet,employeescanselectawordor a stringof wordsin a text and,if it constitutesa term,have theofficial explanationof theterm displayedin aseparatewindow. It is theintentionthatthisservice,calledCOFFEE(Conceptual OutputFormattingFor EasyEnquiry),shouldbeavailablein German,English,French,Italian, andSpanish,but initially only GermanandEnglishareconsidered. Oneof thegeneralproblemsof terminologyis thattermsbehave not only asterms,but alsoas wordsandexpressionsof a language,takingpart in syntacticandmorphologicalprocesses. It is not enoughto have theformsoptionandoversubscribein thedatabase, becausewe canalso expectoptions,oversubscribedandoversubscriptionto occurin a text. Of course,thissituation contributesto thetensionbetweenactualuseandproperuse,thatis betweendescripti veandprescriptiveapplicationsof thetermdatabase, which is awell-known phenomenonin terminology in general(cf. Pearson, 1998:7-40). Theproblemto besolvedby theCOFFEEservicecanbedividedinto threecomponents. First, we needa termdatabase, containingtheinformationto bedisplayedfor a giventerm.Second,


This paper presents the partial results of evaluation for a professional development program, created for social workers from the Social Service of Hospice "House of Hope" Brasov, Romania. In the final evaluation stage, we have used several methods and instruments to identify the efficiency of the program and to find ways to improve it. One of them was the SWOT analysis, through which we intend to identify the strengths and limitations of the program implemented. SWOT analysis was filled out by both the specialists participating in the professional development program and the lecturers who have held the working sessions. The partial results of the final evaluation have revealed that the program developed has achieved its goals and met the expectations of the participants and those identified at the managerial level.


A hybrid atmospheric dispersion method coupled with Lagrangian particle model and Eulerian model is proposed,which can be used for numerical simulation in areas around urban buildings.This method merges the advantages of Lagrangian model and Eulerian model together,and gives a high accuracy of prediction.The developed hybrid model is applied to the numerical simulation of gas diffusion around an isolated building.The mean wind velocity,TKE(Turbulent Kinetic Energy) and mean concentration have been discussed and compared with the wind tunnel data.The simulation results show that the hybrid model can give a high accuracy both in the regions close to the source and distant from the source.Finally,we use the COST-732 model to evaluate the prediction results of Eulerian,Lagrangian and the proposed hybrid model,and it is shown that the hybrid model can give the best simulation results.


Something of the appropriateness of our meeting in this incomparable city of New Orleans has long been plain to all.* It is perhaps coincidental that this year of 1950 is the centenary both of the rebuilding of the great cathedral in Jackson Square which we have all been visiting these past few days and of the death of one of this city's great early benefactors to education, John McDonogh, to whose bequest a hundred years ago New Orleans owed some thirty school buildings. But as we stroll about the old part of this city and become acquainted with it, we note the indelible impress of Spanish civilization not only in the famous Cabildo and the streets bearing the names of Louisiana's Spanish governors but also in innumerable architectural and ornamental features that strike the eye: the stuccoed walls and iron lattices, the huge locks and hinges, the arches and gratings, balconies and celosias, inner patios, urns and basins, fountains, and statues peeping through vines and shrubs. But the r6le of Spain during her nearly forty years' dominion in this land and through the rule of Louisiana's nine Spanish governors is of much deeper significance than now meets the eye. Though silent and hidden it is vital testimony to the wisdom of Spain's colonial policy here. For, if the foreign European air of this city seems predominantly French, this is in large part owing to the government Spain established here. Not only did the Spanish government recognize the priority and deep roots of French mores, but it made no attempt to change the institutions it found, choosing rather to build constructively upon them. Spain's adaptability and adaptation to pre-existing colonial conditions has long been overlooked or unduly minimized by independence-minded patriots throughout the Americas and by over-long cultivation of the leyenda negra. If Louisiana provides an extreme example of that adaptability, it may well be explained by a sort of spiritual kinship quite different from that of the non-Christian Indian civilizations found elsewhere and the coupling of this with the demonstrated loyalty of Spain's new subjects. If adaptation on the part of the Spanish government was not unique in Louisiana, one very important feature of her colonial rule here was. This was the break from the commercial exclusiveness of mercantilist theory and practice in force elsewhere. From the beginning and in the brief but stern rule of O'Reilly, although trade was, as throughout Spain's empire, limited to Spanish ships and forbidden with both foreign and Spanish colonial ports, an exception was made of the city and port of Havana. O'Reilly himself, not fully in sympathy with mercantilism, recommended free trade in certain specified commodities between Louisiana and Havana; this recommendation Captain General Bucareli of Cuba endorsed and the court accepted. The greatest of Spain's nine governors of Louisiana was the young hero whose name so fittingly graces our host today, the Galvez Chapter of this Association. The governorship of Bernardo de G.lvez was responsible for the extension of free trade for Louisiana to France and the French West Indies and also to YucatAn as well as the reduction of the export tax to two per cent. Later, in 1794, New Orleans was made a free port of deposit for the trade of the United States west of the * Presidential address read at the ThirtySecond Annual Meeting of the AATSP, New Orleans, Louisiana, December 20-22, 1950.


Stability of K-ABC performance over a 2-year in terval with 25 nonhandicapped preschool children was examined. Global scale stability coefficients (corrected for restriction in range) for Time 1 testing (age 4) and Time 3 testing (age 6) were: MPC = .77; SEQ = .73; SIM = .76; ACH = .80. Subtest stability coefficients ranged from .53 to .75 for the Time 1/Time 3 comparisons. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed significant increases in mean SIM scores from age 4 and 5 to age 6, and a significant decrease in mean ACH score from age 4 to ages 5 and 6. Overall, results indicated a high level of stability for both global scale scores and subtest scores. Less stability was indicated for profile patterns (SIM > SEQ, SIM < SEQ SIM = SEQ) and subtest strengths and weaknesses with this sample of non handicapped preschool children tested at ages 4, 5, and 6.


Deoiling apple seeds were used for extracting polyphenols.The optimum condition for polyphenols extraction was obtained through orthogonal experiments based on single-factor experiments as follows:extracting temperature was 45 ℃,alcohol concentration was 80%,extrating time was 35 min,the liquid-solid rato(mL/g) was 30 ∶1.Under this condition,the extraction ratio of polyphenols from deoiling apple seeds was 3.094 mg/g.


A quantitative measure of how much the inclusion of the conduction band-valence band coupling effects influence the band structure was obtained. The numerical results of two formalisms were derived using Finite Difference Method (FDM) where one formalism ignores the coupling effects between conduction and valence bands. It was found that the conduction band- valence band coupling effects significantly affects the band structure of typical InGaN Quantum Wells (QW) especially the conduction subbands.


Although the genetic variants predisposing to the development of bipolar disorder (BPD) have yet to be conclusively identified, replicated reports of linkage to particular chromosomal regions have been encouraging. Here we carried out a non‐parametric linkage analysis of nine of these candidate loci in a unique South African sample of 47 BPD pedigrees (N = 350). Three polymorphic markers per region of interest (3 × 9) were typed in a Caucasian cohort of Afrikaner and British origin. Statistically significant evidence for linkage was obtained at 1q31‐32, 10q23.3, and 16p13.3 with maximum NPL scores of 2.52, 2.01, and 1.84, respectively. Our results add to the growing evidence that these chromosomal regions harbor genetic variants that play a role in the development of bipolar spectrum illness. Negative results were obtained for the remaining six candidate loci, possibly due to limited statistical power. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The field of functional diagnostic imaging has been dominated by nuclear medicine procedures thanks to the excellent features of Tc – nuclear and chemical characteristics, as well as inexpensive and abundant availability [1–3]. The latter attribute – 'ease of availability' – has been in question as never before since the fall of 2007 because of serious disruptions in supplies of the precursor nuclide, molybdenum-99 (Mo), which has stretched until February 2009. The vulnerability of irradiation services from the five old research reactors (RR) used for Mo production, compounded by certain other (unrelated) incidents, has led to approximately 20–70% cancellations or delays in patient services depending on the week and location of nuclear medicine centre [4,5]. The issues to be addressed in seeking sustainable solutions will, however, need to go far beyond the reactors. It is true that the current problems are related mainly to the reliance on five old reactors for irradiation of enriched uranium-235 targets for the production of fission-based Mo, but there are other important issues that should not be overlooked. These include, inter alia, the complex and demanding technological issues in fission molybdenum production combined with the scale of operations for acceptable business/economic reasons, a multicomponent complex chain of supply logistics, conflicts of commercial interests among the limited number of current major producers some of them implicitly conveying discouraging signals to new entrants, and the important and inevitable concerns with regard to the continuing use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets for fission-based Mo production [6]. It is imperative to consider all the above aspects in evolving holistic and long-lasting approaches to ensure reliable and secure supplies of Mo for the immediate future and for longterm requirements. Recent events and calls for addressing issues The weekly requirement of Mo is reported to be approximately 450 000 GBq at the time of reference (generally 6 days after the end of reactor irradiation) – that is, over 12 000 Ci (6-day Ci) – with almost 50% for the US market alone. The five reactors currently used for irradiations are NRU (51 years), Chalk River, Canada; BR2 (47 years), Mol, Belgium; HFR (47 years), Petten, The Netherlands; Osiris (42 years), Saclay, France; and SAFARI-1 (43 years), Pelindaba, South Africa. There are only four large-scale processing facilities for fission-based Mo – MDS Nordion, Canada; IRE, Belgium; Covidien, The Netherlands; and NTP, South Africa. The reactors are also not dedicated to the production of Mo and other radioisotopes, but provide services to other users and for research. Domestic production in the US was stopped long ago. The reasons for this are not known with certainty, but it could be the result of the comparative consideration of the costs involved in domestic reactor operations and the production of Mo versus the purchase of the finished product from commercial sources in Canada and Europe.


The oxidative synthesis of highly functionalized indoles from simple anilines and internal alkynes mediated by a rhodium(III) catalyst is described. Good yields are obtained for a variety of aniline substrates, and good regioselectivity is obtained for the more sterically accessible position when meta-substituted anilines are used. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes react efficiently with high (>40:1) C2/C3 regioselectivity when aryl/alkyl substituted alkynes are used.


By $T^{2}$ , we mean a two dimensional torus $R^{2}/Z^{2}$ . The purpose of this paper is to classify fiber bundles which have $T^{2}$ as fibers and base spaces. (Simply we call them $T^{2}$-bundles over $T^{2}.$ ) In view of bundle isomorphisms, we obtain Theorem 4 which gives necessary and sufficient condition that two bundles are bundle isomorphic. By this theorem, one might determine even by computer whether two bundles are isomorphic or not. In view of homeomorphism types of total spaces, we obtain Theorem 5 which says that total spaces are homeomorphic if and only if their fundamental groups are isomorphic. In Theorem 3, we show that any $T^{2}$-bundle over $T^{2}$ is isomorphic to one of some standard types of bundles.


The study of mechanical behaviour of a Polyethylene with high Density (HDPE) was subject to tensile tests. The temperature effect and the deformation speed are put into prominence. The approach consists in studying and analysing the global geometry of the stress-strain curves. The different zones characteristics of these curves are traced initially according to the temperature then to the deformation speed. The comparison with the bibliographical results matches and shows the HDPE ductile behaviour. The effect of the temperature and the speed, being in opposite direction, are also found in metallic materials, but it is dramatic for the polymers.


Bone plate design has evolved dramatically in recent years. The main research of the study is to improve the previous design of the Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) broad type bone plates that was used in bone fracture as internal fixation. The DCP bone plate has been superseded by new plating system that claim a reduced interface contact between the plate and the underlying bone. It is believed that contact reduction can reduce the risk of Ischaemia - deficiency of blood in a part, usually due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of blood vessel that could lead to other side effect on the patient. To develop the new proposed design, CAD (Computer Aided Design) software is used to design and simulate the model. The interface characteristics of the actual Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) and the new Low-Contact Dynamic Compression Plate (LC-DCP) plating systems have been analyzed using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. The final result of model simulation is displayed in form of stress von Mises, and heat transfer distribution. The maximum value of von-Mises stress for the new LC-DCP is 768195.2 N/rn 2 and
heat transfer distribution temperature is 57.15 °C. The LC-DCP system was consistently lower, in terms of interface contact, than the DCP in each of the CAD
model tested.


Analysing the Ragusan medieval practice of designating a potential witness by pulling his ear, the author traces the same custom in the legal codes from South East Adriatic (from the islands of Mljet and Lastovo to Shkoder). Finding striking similarities with the antestatio rite in the Twelve Tables code of Roman law, and in a number of testimonies from the Roman literature, the author follows the emergence of a ritual of similar features in the early Germanic law collections (5-8 c.), in the documents of the AustroBavarian region (8-12 c.), and in the Old Slavic legal terminology. According to the author, the link between the existence of a virtually identical legal ritual in different areas and periods might be accounted by the Roman law tradition, yet basically nourished by the shared understanding of the ear as the seat of memory.


Conducted numerical research of static characteristics of the rotary gate valve at different angles of its deviation. for this purpose were set different values of pressure differential on the valve depending on which, was determined the mass flow and torque on valve axes. The mathematical model is provided by continuity equations, average on Reynolds, Navier-Stokes and energy, the equation of the perfect gas, the equations of two-layer k-e of model of turbulence. When calculating the current near walls are used Wolfstein's model and the hybrid wall functions of Reichardt for the speed and temperature. The task is solved in three-dimensional statement with use of conditions of symmetry. The structure of the current is analyzed: zones of acceleration and flow separation, whirlwinds, etc. Noted growth of hydraulic resistance of the valve with reduction of slope angle of the valve and with the increase in mass flow. Established increase of torque with reduction of the deviation angle of the valve and with increase in the mass expense.


This study examined criminal activity among 1,167 adolescents who participated in a community-based substance abuse treatment study (Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies for Adolescents) (DATOS-A). The primary goals of this study were to assess the effect of substance abuse treatment on adolescent crime and to identify the patient characteristics that were most closely associated with reductions in crime during the posttreatment period. Results confirmed that among adolescents who had engaged in criminal activity during the 12 months prior to entering DATOS-A treatment, reductions in alcohol or marijuana use were independently associated with significant reductions in the likelihood of committing crimes during the 12-month follow-up period. The present study also provides further support for emphasizing dynamic rather than static patient characteristics to predict the likelihood of continued drug-related offending among substance-abusing adolescents.


An 80-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain. She was diagnosed as having enteritis, prescribed medications, and discharged home. Subsequently, she returned to our hospital again complaining of vomiting and bloating. Abdominal computed tomography performed a second time at admission showed ascites on the liver surface and intestinal edema, which had not been observed in the first CT performed at the previous admission. The patient had a history of having undergone surgery for appendicitis, so suspecting the possibility of strangulated bowel obstruction caused by adhesions, we performed emergency laparotomy. A hard substance was detected in the intestinal tract about 10 cm proximal to the terminal ileum, and we diagnosed the patient as having food-induced bowel obstruction. The hard substance could not be negotiated through the Bauhin valve, so that we had to cut the intestinal tract open to remove it appeared to be a fibrous bolus. Food residue in the oral intestinal tract was drained as much as possible, and the incision was closed with sutures. A postoperative questionnaire confirmed that the patient had eaten dried apples. Cases of food-induced bowel obstruction caused by dried fruits are extremely rare, with only three previous reports, in addition to our own case. Dried fruits should be considered as a possible cause in the dif-ferential diagnosis of food-induced bowel obstruction.


An exponential-type distance for LR-type fuzzy number is defined,and a robust fuzzy linear regression based on which is proposed.This method converts the estimation of regression parameters to a problem of nonrestraint optimization.It's ro- bustness relies on the selection of a parameter in the exponential-type distance function.The experimental results show that the model has a good robustness when is in the interval[0.1,0.3],and the parameters resulted from this method will be the least squares estimation proposed by Diamond when limits to zero.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the external auditory canal (EAC) is extremely rare tumor. A wide excisional biopsy should be performed. Its propensity for Perineural invasion and slow growing, but highly invasive cancer with a high local recurrence rate. Lymphatic spread to the local lymph nodes is rare. It is not uncommon for distant metastasis, mainly to the lungs, to occur over the course of many years. Aggressive surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard treatment for local disease control. A 45 year old male (M.M.) applied 06.04.1999 with a tumor in the left external auditory canal. The pathology of wide excisional biopsy was adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient refused having a surgery. He had decided to go only for irradiation, which helped to stop the growth of the tumor for years. In 05.02.2008 he applied with progressive growth of tumor, extending and diffusing, with bloody pus discharge from the meatus and peripheral left facial palsy. The CT scan showed an involvement of the mandible. Otoscopy with photography showed the middle & lateral wall of Inner ear involvement. The patient died after several months.


Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects approximately
eight million individuals in the developing world; it is also classified as a neglected tropical
disease by the World Health Organization. The available therapy for this disease is based on two
nitroheterocycles, nifurtimox and benznidazole, both of which exhibit severe side effects and
variable efficacy; therefore, new drugs and better treatment schedules are urgently needed. For
the past 20 years, we have been collaborating with groups focused on medicinal chemistry to
produce experimental therapies for Chagas disease by investigating the efficacy, selectivity, toxicity,
cellular targets and mechanisms of action of different classes of compounds against T. cruzi. In
this report, we present an overview of these studies, focusing on naphthoquinonoid prototypes
and discuss their synthesis, activity and mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we summarise the
research that has been performed to date and suggest future research directions while assessing
and discussing potential improvements. This mini-review discusses our continued efforts toward
the biological characterisation and synthesis of naphthoquinoidal compounds, aiming to contribute
to the development of a new arsenal of candidate drugs that exhibit effective anti-T. cruzi activity.


Summary.The analysis of basic tendencies in-process of leading Donetsk railway marshalling yards work is given. It is shown that during crisis period there is falling of basic quantitative and high-quality indexes of their work. The complex of organizational and technological measures which can be realized by rail on the effective use of potential of marshalling yards is presented.


Abstract The analysis has been carried to find out the most critical factor that affects an employee's attrition. The opposite of attrition is retention. As employee's attrition very negatively affect companies' growth, every year companies come with different retention schemes for employee, so employees don't leave the company. Those methods include retention bonuses, better training, promotion and stock option which mature after some definite period. So finding the essential factor for attrition will help organization to plan their retention schemes more targeted.


Inequality demonstration and solution to the limit are hotpoint and the difficulties to the higher mathematics,this article not only explore to how to applied the inequality quality of integrals to solve these two kinds of problems,but also enumerate examples and the process of solving.


This paper studies the sedimentary facies characteristics and evolvement of Chang 6 Stage in the southeast of Ordos Basin by lithology,sedimentology,paleontology and geophysics etc..The result indicates that there developed several depositional system types including delta,lake,turbidity current in Chang 6 epoch,and the delta system is the main depositional system.There mainly developed aggradation-adancement deltas,and the turbidity current origins from the collapse of the braided river delta front of the south and west of the basin.In addition,the paper further points out that the delta in the north of the region is a shallow water slow slope type delta and that in the southern side is a deep water steep slope type delta.


Diversion to treatment is not a new concept in the criminal justice system. Successful strategies require the participation of both law enforcement officers and individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). This study relies on interviews and focus groups to explore the perceptions and attitudes of these two different populations about non-arrest programs. From the police perspective, the study found that the biggest barrier to using alternatives is the police culture, while championship by leadership and collaborations with community stakeholders facilitate opportunities for using non-arrest options. Clients with SUDs had positive attitudes about non-arrest programs, but negative perspectives about the justice system and the police overall. Policy implications for future efforts are highlighted, particularly as efforts increase to expand the use of non-arrest options including diversion programs.


The government enforces a study from home policy due to thevirus Covid-19. So that the teacher's ability to design learning is very influential on the implementation of online learning. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. The results of the study show (1) the process of designing social studies teacher online learning using RPP from MGMP. The teacher prioritizes essential material, (2) the implementation of online learning using theapplications Whatsapp, Zoom and Google Classroom. The obstacles experienced by the teacher are that not all students have cellphones and have the same internet network power, (3) the online learning evaluation process for the cognitive domain is carried out using Google Forms, Quizizz, Live Worksheets, and directly in thechat group Whatsapp. For the affective domain, the teacher pays attention to the activeness and politeness of students. For the psychomotor domain, the teacher admitted that he could not conduct an evaluation because it was difficult. The obstacle experienced by the teacher is that the teacher cannot know the honesty of the students in the evaluation process.
Pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan belajar dari rumah dikarenakan adanya virus Covid-19. Sehingga kemampuan guru dalam merancang pembelajaran sangat berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) proses perancangan pembelajaran daring guru IPS menggunakan RPP dari MGMP. Guru mengutamakan materi yang esensial, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring menggunakan aplikasi Whatsapp, Zoomdan Google Classroom. Kendala yang dialami guru yaitu tidak semua peserta didik memiliki ponsel dan memiliki kekuatan jaringan internet yang sama, (3) proses evaluasi pembelajaran daring untuk ranah kognitif dilakukan menggunakan Google Form, Quizizz, Live Worksheet, dan langsung di grup chat Whatsapp. Untuk ranah afektif guru memperhatikan keaktifan dan kesopanan peserta didik. Untuk ranah psikomotor guru mengaku tidak dapat melakukan evaluasi karena dirasa sulit. Kendala yang dialami guru yaitu guru tidak dapat mengetahui kejujuran peserta didik dalam proses evaluasi.


The experiments in clarification of the extracted juice of wolfberry fruit was conducted by using pictinese.On analysis and comparision of changes in its transmittance and composition,before and after hydrolysis,the optimum experimental conditions were determined as pH(3.5);temp.(45 ℃);Time(90 min);pectinase(0.02%).The last juice,through processes of hydrolysis,filtration and pasteurization,was kept orange-yellow,clear and stable for months.


Speech is human's most efficient communication mode. Beyond its efficiency, humans are comfortable and familiar with speech. Other modalities require more concentration, restrict movement and cause body strain due to unnatural positions. This need brings the development of a speech to text conversion. In spoken language, syllables are often considered as the phonological "building blocks" of words. Depending on the language and the sounds used, a phoneme may be written consistently with one letter; however, there are many exceptions to this rule. The range of the possible applications is wide and includes: voicecontrolled appliances, fully featured speech-to-text conversion, automation of operator-assisted services, and voice recognition aids for the handicapped. This project implements a removal of additive noise and conversion of speech to text form. Spectral substraction is used to remove the noise present in speech. Next is the segmentation process done with the help of group delay algorithm. Recognition plays a major role in speech to text conversion. Letter recognition is achieved with simple Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Word recognition is a challenging scenario for researchers and is extracted by HMM with more accuracy main application of the framework is hand free data entry. Mobile and medical environment also use this speech to text conversion.


Meso-micro-porous L/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was synthesized by two-step crystallization.The first step was to prepare zeolite L and the second step was to synthesize L/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as template and the technology of ion exchange.The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and BET.The effects of the synthesis conditions,including pH value,n(CTAB)/n(SiO2) and crystallizing temperature were studied.It was indicated that the optimal conditions of synthesis were as follows: pH value range of 10-11,n(CTAB)/n(SiO2)=0.25,crystallization temperature of 120℃,and crystallization time of 2 d,under which the pore diameter of the obtained L/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was 3.04 nm,bigger than that of micro-porous molecular sieves.Compared with MCM-41 synthesized by ordinary hydrothermal method,the pore wall thickness of the obtained L/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was raised from 0.55 nm to 1.81 nm,and the hydrothermal stability was better,that was,the meso-porous structure could keep unchanged for 8 h at 100℃,instead of 2 h.


Rapid development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles brings new challenges to the security and economy of power systems. As a clean and environmental friendly technology, the electric vehicle presents the future solution of transportation with high potentials. Currently rapid deployment of electric vehicles is taking place in many countries. However, uncoordinated charging of many plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) may cause serious impacts on the security and economy of power system operation. The paper proposes a new dispatch model to reduce the fluctuations of PHEV charging loads, based on the probabilistic analysis of charging behaviors of PHEVs and other demands in power systems. Genetic algorithm method is adopted to solve this optimization problem. The feasibility and efficiency of the developed stochastic dispatch model is demonstrated with a 33-bus distribution network.


upon to measure accurately the duration of the different phases of the cardiac cycle, and the parietal pericardium is too distensible for use as a cardiometer by means of the introduction of fluid into its cavity under more than atmospheric pressure. As regards the relations of cardiac disease to insanity and other neuroses discussed in Lecture xvii, we can only at present say that English observers have not yet admitted all the facts alleged. Professor Potain's opinion that the socalled " inorganic " or htemic murmurs are in aU or nearly all cases cardio-pulmonary is very fully and ingeniously set forth in the chapter on that subject, which deserves careful study. To considerProfessorFranqois-Franck'sexperimentalresults on digitalin would require an article to itself, for which we may find space perhaps on some future occasion. The chapter is illustrated by many good cardiographic tracings. In thousands of tracings under digitalin, this observer has -never noted asynbcronism of the ventricles, and they are relatively synergic within a certain small margin. He points out where mercurial manometers fail in analysing the cardiac processes, and also that intracardiac pressure measurements are to be preferred to extracardiac or arterial.


A system of directly displaying results according to the display frequency of query and a method thereof are provided, which solve the problem of unavailable displaying of query result according to the query habits of users in the prior art through the technical means of storing a part of article content when the value of query frequency is larger than a threshold value of the query, and setting the query content corresponding to a query title as the priority result when the value of display frequency is larger than the display threshold value, displaying the priority result, and directly displaying the priority result when reselecting a part of article content, thereby realizing the technical effect of displaying the query result more friendly.


Purpose: to form system of application of self-regulation psycho-physical means on mature and aged people. Material: experimental (n=28) and control (n=26) groups consisted of 55-60 years' age man, who did not practice sports beforehand and who had low mobile way of life. All man had no pathology in their health. All they gave written consent for participation in the research. The complex of special exercises was practiced every day during 20 – 30 minutes. We regularly registered indicators of heart beats rate during autogenous trainings in first, second and third weeks of psycho-physical means' application: autogenous trainings and exercises of special gymnastic. Results: we worked out a variant of autogenous training, which implies visualization of some objects. Such approach facilitates relaxation and creation of rejuvenation and health improvement image. We also developed special gymnastic on the base of Taoist health related physical exercises. Autogenous training, in combination with special exercises qigong cause changes, required for economic functioning of organism. Autogenous training greatly influence on heart beats rate. Change of this indicators is especially noticeable in first week of autogenous training's practicing. Combination of special qigong exercises and autogenous training renders positive influence on vegetative balance and orthostatic stability of elderly people. We worked out the structure of psycho-physical means for rising mature and older people's functional state. Conclusions: the offered system slows down the temps of ageing and activates adaptation mechanisms. It permits to compensate negative changes in organism. We marked out three directions in physical culture of mature and aged people.


The morphology and chemistry of the TC, PM 581 y TJ cultivars of purple corn cultivated in the distric of La Joya in Arequipa - Peru was evaluated in the in...


Bodaboda business in Kenya is one of the most popular industry in providing informal selfemployment and source of income for many unemployed youth, by offering the basic mode
of transportation in both rural and urban areas.Conversely, young people especially the youth
who have completed schooling in many parts of country, remain unemployed influencing
them to seek for alternative employment in boda boda enterprises as a way of selfemployment. Although the youth form the largest work force in Chuka Municipality, there
has been no tangible report on their operations and how Bodaboda has empowered the youth
a gap that this study intended to fill.The study adopted a descriptive research survey design
because the design deals with the situations the way they are without manipulating the
variables. The target population for this study was approximate 260 youths, 15youth groups 5
Sacco"s and 4 micro lending financial organizations in Chuka Municipality. The study used
the simple random and systematic sampling procedures to get 106 respondents from all the
clusters. The study usedan interview schedule for bodaboda operators as data collection
instruments. A pilot study was conducted in the neighbouring Chogoria Municipality which
had a similar characteristics like those of Chuka Municipality using 20 subject which was
30% of our sample size. The purpose for the pilot study was to ascertain the content validity
and reliability of research instruments. The interview schedule had both open-ended and
closed ended questions covering all the study objectives to give room for diverse opinions.
Both qualitative and quantitative questions were used as per study variables. Before data
analysis theinterview schedule questionswere inspected for any error and omissions, and then
coded and entered into the computer for analysis using software Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results were presented using tables and graphical
illustrations. The study established that Boda boda Sacco"s was embraced around Chuka
Municipality and it was a very popular because many boda boda operators have been
members of these Saccos for the last 3 years. Few Boda boda operators were also operating
using their own motorcycles. Majority of boda boda operators wholly depended on the
business as source of income. One earnings per day majority went home with between Kshs
300-500. However, majority had ability to meet basic needs increasing after they engaged in
the BodaBoda business. On saving mobilization, boda boda operators made their savings in
SACCOs while less than a half deposited their savings in commercial banks. SACCO
officials also gave advice to the youth in regard to regular savings, borrowing wisely and
paying promptly. Majority of boda boda operators started their business through their own
savings. This shows that either boda boda operators were not aware of avenues for obtaining
venture capital or finance institutions were sceptical in advancing risk capital to youth. Also
half of boda boda operators saved the amount that a person was willing to save whereas
others saved according to their strength but not the set targets. It was still difficult for some of
the operators to access credit facilities from financial institutions and this may be as a result
of the inconsistent saving patterns of some of the operators. Majority of Boda boda operators
in Chuka Municipality were not at all aware of savings products on offer by various Sacco"s.
Only a small percentage of respondents were aware of savings products on offer by various
Sacco"s. On challenges facing boda boda operations, capital availability was a challenge. The
study recommends that the Bodaboda Saccos operators should come up with self-projects to
support the Sacco in its challenges to meet the targets of the Sacco. The Chuka Municipality
should increase its support to the Bodaboda Saccos by giving grants. The Bodaboda Saccos
should be sensitized by the Cooperative Ministry to understand the cooperative way of doing
business. The Sacco leaders should advance on project management skills through attending
workshops and seminars. They should benchmarking from those Saccos with similar
challenges and improve on their weaknesses. The researcher suggests thata similar study
should be carried in different Municipalities to see if the findings will concur.


The proceedings contain 114 papers. The topics discussed include: mechanical vibration control and second-order LTI system analysis of an SDOF with harmonic motion;operating switched reluctance motor in proper excitation angles;sentiment analysis in Indonesian on Jakarta culinary as a recommender system;firebase authentication cloud service for RESTful API security on employee presence system;recommendation system for elective courses using content-based filtering and weighted cosine similarity;sentiments analysis of Indonesian tweet about covid-19 vaccine using support vector machine and fasttext embedding;and solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with guided local search and simulated annealing for optimizing the distribution of fishing vessels.


Commercially available flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se$_{2}$ (CIGS) solar cells are assessed at low-intensity low-temperature (LILT) conditions consistent with those expected in the outer planetary systems of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars. In these lower temperature environments, evidence of a photo-activated barrier is observed, which is attributed to the contribution of a parasitic barrier at the CIGS/CdS interface that is mediated by metastable defect complexes. However, this barrier only results in a small reduction in performance of the solar cells under LILT conditions. Irradiation with 1.5 MeV protons at very high fluence levels are also presented, resulting in defect-related degradation. However, subsequent self-healing under annealing conditions is also observed that offers potential for sustainable performance of these systems in space conditions.


I am convinced that schooling will never be reformed until we understand educating. Understanding educating will never occur until educational researchers are trained to study educating. Training educational researchers to focus on educating may well be an impossible task. Schwab calls it the "hardest problem" (p. 320) for which he has no solution. We might make some improvements, however, by using Schwab's essays as a textbook in educational research. It is from a point of view of a teacher advising seminar students that I write my review of this collection of Schwab's essays. First, of course, one should read the twelve essays. They are arranged almost exactly in chronological order, from 1949 through 1973. The essays concern many practical educational problems: testing and evalua t i on , r ead ing , d i s c u s s i o n , teaching, structure of scient i f ic knowledge, curriculum, the arts of deliberation. I would have my seminar students read the essays initially to find out what Schwab means by our two key terms, "Education" and "Research." I think the book provides us with a set of distinctions through which we could relate the phenomena of educating with the phenomena of inquiring. Both are human activities undertaken with the help of formulations of principles, methods, and problems. Both human activities can be reformulated as one goes along. Reformulation requires deliberation as we become consciously aware of choice points. These decision points concern the adoption of a principle guiding actions as we see where some principle breaks down, given what we come to know about the way both the world and ourselves work. We also choose one formulation of the problem over alternatives, and we choose a method from many as we formulate telling questions about our phenomena of interest. Principles are invented, and they are invented so as to fit the phenomena they are principles of, as well as to help us in ourthinking. Both the principles and the person are bound in a dialectical tension in Schwab's writings. Thinking, feeling and acting must be integrated in both education and science.


Introduction: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a hereditary disorder that causes progressive muscle wasting. This study evaluates the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) as a biomarker of muscle strength and function in FSHD. Methods: Thirty‐six individuals with FSHD and 15 healthy controls underwent multivoxel 1H MRS of a cross‐section of the mid‐thigh. Concentrations of creatine, intramyocellular and extramyocellular lipids, and trimethylamine (TMA)‐containing compounds in skeletal muscle were calculated. Metabolite concentrations for individuals with FSHD were compared with those of controls. The relationship between metabolite concentrations and muscle strength was also examined. Results: The TMA/creatine (Cr) ratio in individuals with FSHD was reduced compared with controls. The TMA/Cr ratio in the hamstrings also showed a moderate linear correlation with muscle strength. Discussion: 1H MRS offers a potential method of detecting early muscle pathology in FSHD prior to the development of fat infiltration. Muscle Nerve 57: 958–963, 2018


The pH-dependent adsorption of ibuprofen (IBP) onto acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT-COOH) was investigated by batch adsorption experiments and quantum mechanics (QM) and molec...


This editorial refers to 'Sinus node dysfunction in atrial fibrillation patients: the evidence of regional atrial substrate remodelling' by H.-Y. Chang et al ., on page 205–211

The original description of the sinus node by Arthur Keith over a century ago outlined a small structure at the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the right atrium (RA). Intraoperative and clinical mapping studies indicate that the 'functional' pacemaker actually encompasses a much larger region of posterolateral RA. This pacemaker complex extends from the SVC-RA junction inferiorly along the long axis of the crista terminalis virtually to the inferior vena cava (IVC)-RA junction.1 This complex was shown to be multi-centric, often demonstrating two or occasionally three sites of virtually simultaneous activation and exit to the atria. Physiological influences can alter the position of the lead pacemaker region, which shows cranial shift under sympathetic influence and caudal shift when the vagus predominates. Thus, there is considerable redundancy in the sino-atrial (SA) pacemaker complex, which may hold evolutionary advantages, an observation underscored by studies demonstrating that extensive ablation is required to affect sinus node function in the normal atrium.2 Recent high-density mapping studies have demonstrated the presence of preferential pathways of conduction between the sinus node and the exit of sinus activity to the atria.3

Although the location of the pacemaker region can vary, the gradual decrease in membrane potential that …


Introduction: Enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) can be caused by abscess formation at the site of anastomotic leakage (AL) after surgery. Rectocutaneous fistula following low anterior resection (LAR) is rare, and medical management of ECFs is usually the initial treatment. We report a case of rectocutaneous fistula after laparoscopic LAR, which was successfully treated, for the first time, with a transanal endoscopic operation (TEO). Case Presentation: A 58-year-old man presented with a history of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, peptic ulcer, and recent diagnosis of rectal cancer. The patient underwent laparoscopic LAR with coloanal anastomosis complicated with AL. He then underwent transanal repair of the anastomosis site and laparoscopy with ileostomy. Six months later, he complained of a painful mass lesion over the right buttock that relieved after passing purulent fluid and feces. Colonoscopy and imaging revealed a fistula for which he received antibiotics and wound incision and drainage. He also underwent TEO repair of the rectal fistula, recovered well, and was discharged from hospital. On follow-up 7 months later, there was no recurrence or sign of localized infection. Conclusion: TEO repair may be an effective method for managing rectocutaneous fistula after LAR complicated with AL instead of a major operation.


This Note argues that the INS may obtain custody over aliens for habeas corpus purposes by filing detainers with their respective prisons. Part I traces the history of habeas corpus and the expanding meaning that U.S. courts have given the term "custody." Part I also illustrates the difficulty of defining a detainer for custodial purposes. Part II sets forth the approaches that courts use to determine the custodial effects of INS detainers. Part III submits that courts should review the intent behind the filing of an INS detainer to ascertain properly a detainer's custodial effect. This Note concludes that a court should base its interpretation of an INS detainer's meaning on the intent and understanding of the authorities that file and process the detainer. CUSTODY BATTLE: THE FORCE OF U.S. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE DETAINERS OVER IMPRISONED ALIENS


In June 2005, geological investigations on the foreshore at Happisburgh (Norfolk, UK, 52°49 ́36 ̋ N, 1°31 ́58 ̋ E; NGR TG 380313; SI Fig. 1) recovered flint tools from gravels, sands and silts sealed beneath a thick sequence of glacial sediments. This site, referred to here as Happisburgh Site 3 (HSB3), is the focus of continuing excavations by members of the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain (AHOB) project, in collaboration with a range of specialists. The artefact-bearing gravels are stratified within a sequence of fine-grained estuarine sediments and are rich in fossils that indicate accumulation during a period of deteriorating climate at the end of an Early Pleistocene interglacial. Associated with the artefacts is a remarkable range of biological remains, including large mammals, small vertebrates, insects, barnacles, molluscs, foraminifera, seeds, pollen and wood (Supplementary Information 2). This evidence provides an unusually detailed picture of the environment occupied by humans during the Early Pleistocene.


This paper presents a two-level transactive energy market framework, that enables energy trading among electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). At the lower level, the discharging capability of EVs and on-site PV generation are leveraged by individual EVCS for participating in the transactive trading with their peers. Once the lower-level trading is completed, EVCSs trade energy at the upper level through the power grid network managed by the distribution system operator (DSO). The upper-level market is cleared while satisfying the power distribution network constraints. A cooperative game-based model is proposed to model the energy trading among EVCSs. To this end, the asymmetric Nash bargaining method is applied to allocate the grand coalition's payoff to each EVCS at the upper-level market, while a weighted proportional allocation method is used to allocate individual EVCS's payoff to its respective EVs at the lower-level market. The upper-level market formulation is further decomposed into two subproblems representing an energy scheduling and trading subproblem which maximizes EVCS payoffs, and a bargaining subproblem which allocates EVCS payoffs. The effectiveness of the proposed framework for incentivizing transactive trades among EVs and EVCSs is validated in case studies.


Total ionizing dose effects are studied on a radiation hardened by design (RHBD) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times 256$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-pixel CMOS image sensor (CIS) demonstrator developed for ITER remote handling by using X- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray irradiations. The (color) imaging capabilities of the RHBD CIS are demonstrated up to 10 MGy (SiO2), 1 Grad (SiO2), validating the radiation hardness of most of the designed integrated circuit. No significant sensitivity (i.e., responsivity and color filter transmittance) or readout noise degradation is observed. The proposed readout chain architecture allows achieving a maximum output voltage swing larger than 1 V at 10 MGy (SiO2). The influence of several pixel layout (the gate oxide thickness, the gate overlap distance, and the use of an in-pixel P+ ring) and manufacturing process parameters (photodiode doping profile and process variation) on the radiation-induced dark current increase is studied. The nature of the dark current draining mechanism used to cancel most of the radiation-induced degradation is also discussed and clarified.


One of the aspects that is implemented in the textbook is cognitive skill which deals with intellectual or thinking ability and guide the students to have knowledges and be active in the classroom. This paper focuses on identifying the type and most dominant cognitive domain reflected in textbook and aims to know the type and find out the most dominant cognitive domain. The type of this paper is qualitative research and the research design is descriptive qualitative. The subject is English textbook for five graders of elementary school entitled "English Year 5" which is published by Malaysia ministry of education with KSSR (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah) year 5 as the curriculum. The researcher analyzed the instructional activities based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy by Anderson (2001). The result reveals that the total number of the instructional activities is 235. The type of cognitive domain is creating with 71, understanding is 55,  remembering shows 41, applying shows 34, analyzing shows 20 and the last domain is evaluating that has 14. Creating, the most cognitive domain shows that the authors want the students be able to put elements together to form a coherent or functional whole, that is reorganizing elements into a new pattern to communicate relate their ideas accurately means the authors facilitate students to create ideas in order to communicate to other people. The authors use communicative approach to write the textbook that its guides the teachers and students to become more active, communicative and collaborative in the class.


The possibility of simultaneous application of an electron capture (ECD) and a flame ionization detector (FID) connected to a glass capillary column for analyzing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA) has been investigated. The ECD/FID ratio is determined for 46 PNA compounds. The ratios vary from 0.02 to 117 with relative standard deviations better than 20 percent determined from 10 replicate analyses. The results suggest that the method may be used for obtaining additional evidence in identifying PNA in environmental samples.

Impurities and transformation products in the standard were identified by computerized glass capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Quinones and diones are responsible for the high EC-response determined in some trace components in the standard.

An application of the method is shown for PNA from particulates in urban atmospheres.


The number of hepatoma H22 cells in mice was reduced 39% on d 10 after ip Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fr. polysaccharides 200 mg/kg, q 2 d. The plasma corticosterone, liver glycogen content and enzyme activities in glyconeogenesis in mice bearing hepatoma were restored by ip Polyporus umbellatus 200, 400 mg/kg, qd x5 d. There were no such effects on normal mice. It seems that such adaptogenic action of Polyporus umbellatus is the basis of its antitumor effects.


The main equipment and its working principle,the pulping technology,the operation control of the KAMYR two-column liquor phase continuous digester, which has been installed in Qingshan pulp and paper mill,Fujian province are introduced in this paper.The operation problems and the modification of the equipment during pass more than 10 years are also presented.


Definition of the codiacean genus Anchicodium Johnson (Algae, Chlorophyta) is revised. Anchicodium is morphologically straight, curved, undulating or even irregular tapes and not cylindrical as defined by previous authors. Anchicodium is restricted to the Carboniferous-Permian time interval and known with 14 species, described by different authors. The majority of species were initially established by inadequte description and illustrations. Critical discussions and reviews of the individual species are carried out. Anchicodium iranicum nov. sp. and Anchicodium maximum nov. sp. are described from the Permian Jamal Formation exposed in two localities in the Shotori Mountains, northeast Iran. Iranicodium , a new genus of codiacean family with type species I. asymmetricum nov. sp. is similar to Anchicodium , but differs from it by having different skeletal elements on opposite sides of the thallus tape.


This article contains analysis of possible ways to improve the efficiency of diagnostics and repair of internal combustion engines using information systems. Common repair methods for these machines are reviewed here. The analysis revealed disadvantages, which increase, time and cost of repairs. The lack of computerized workplaces reduces the productivity of engine repair department. As a solution to this problem, it was proposed to equip the mechanics' workplace of the ICE service department with a computerized widescreen LCD panel and a tablet with preinstalled software. This system allows to control the work process in real time. The system increases the productivity of the service department, reduces costs and time for diagnostics and repairs. The system also allows to analyze the possibility of reusing spare parts.


In order to understand the capability of food testing labs in China for sulfonamides testing,the CNAS delegated China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control to organize the proficiency testing(PT) of determination of sulfamonomethoxine,sulfamethazine,sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine residues in pig muscle(CNAS T0617).37 labs from 16 provinces/cities/municipalities took part in the PT.LC-MS/MS and HPLC methods were adopted.The PT showed that 93.9%、93.9%、93.9% and 94.1% labs had satisfactory results,3.03%、3.03%、0 and 0 labs had questionable results;3.03%、3.03%、6.06% and 5.88% labs had dissatisfactory results for sulfamonomethoxine,sulfamethazine,sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine,respectively.In conclusion,the most labs taken part in the PT have good competence in analyzing the four kinds of sulfonamides.


"To see what is right, and not to do it, is want of courage."--Confucius. Why has breakthrough innovation proved so difficult for companies to sustain? Certainly, no firm would question the need for product and process innovations to grow its businesses; most CEOs, in fact, would cite innovation as essential for their very survival. Peter Drucker has observed that "every organization needs one core competence, innovation." (1), while a recent multi-industry study found that 75 percent of some 700 surveyed firms acknowledged the importance of managing innovation (2). I submit that CEOs and Boards of Directors have become the major impediment to sustaining innovation today. Although I am sure that most CEOs see themselves as fearless corporate leaders, I am convinced that in reality they lack the courage to embrace change or take a long-term view of their businesses. It is my intention in this article to examine how we have come to this pass and then to recommend specific actions CEOs, Boards--and R&D leaders--can take to champion the cause of innovation in their firms. First, some recent history. Most leading industrial firms of the past century grew out of significant product or process innovations, and U.S. companies have long recognized that innovation is desirable. In the 1980s, however, two major trends in American management thinking converged to place breakthrough technical innovation directly in the spotlight. The first trend became evident early in the decade. After the 1970s recession had led to a crisis of confidence over the perceived superiority of much-vaunted Japanese management practices, U.S. companies rushed to emulate practices that were believed to lead directly to higher productivity, superior quality and innovative excellence. The intense emphasis on risk-averse, consensus-style management confirmed one economist's view that American industry had lost its courage and that American CEOs had become "cautious, careful managers" of businesses that continued to grow only on momentum (3). The second trend was the remarkable rise of the venture capital industry. U.S. corporate and private investments in venture capital funds grew exponentially during the 1980s and fueled the rise of a culture of technical entrepreneurship on a scale seldom before seen. The success of the venture capital industry in spawning and nurturing innovative new businesses represented a unique counterpoint to the supposed superiority of consensus-style Japanese management. As vast sums of money became available to fund technical innovation, talented staff fled the frustration of large, conservative, bureaucratic companies to run their own start-up businesses. Major firms were compelled to respond to the resulting serious brain drain. Respond they did. U.S. firms had long experimented with organizational and management techniques to streamline new product development processes (one of the earliest challenges had been to find ways to overcome "not-invented-here" problems that stymied many product development efforts). Now, firms not only took note of the venture capital modus operandi, but also began to embrace it as a way to retain talented scientists and engineers. Their response became one of the great management fads of the 1980s: corporate internal venturing. Corporate venturing involved creation of semi-autonomous businesses within a parent company that replicated situations in start-up firms--I termed it "the unconventional management of the non-traditional." More than hall of Fortune 500 firms embraced it during the 1980s as an opportunity to reassert traditional American values of independence and self-reliance. A Business Week cover story during that period noted "the end of an era in which it was assumed that internal product development could be accelerated by improving management controls or imposing new organizational structures" (4). The corporate venturing phenomenon flourished well into the 1990s as a subject in academic journals and trade publications and as grist for the mills of boutique consulting firms and new-venture evangelists. …


The opt. rates of N for Panicum miliaceum grown after sugarcane, mustard and wheat were 51.7, 47.3 and 54.4 kg/ha, resp.; yield response/kg N applied at opt. rates was 4.9, 4.9 and 3.9 kg grain, resp. Yields were higher with irrigation scheduled at 70% available soil moisture (ASM) than at 40% ASM


Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a serious threaten to water environment because of the released toxic substances and dramatic underwater light reduction. How to control HABs is attractive and has attracted worldwide attentions. Among them, microorganisms show great application potential in prevention and control of HABs because of the fast growth, easy propagation and rapid metabolism. Here, we summarized the distribution and diversity of isolated algicidal bacteria and the underlying algicidal mechanisms (algicidal mode, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative damage).


This paper presents the results of two studies of the long-term effects of the Direct Instruction Follow Through Model. The first examines the academic achievement scores of fifth- and sixthgraders who received Direct Instruction during grades one through three, as compared to students who received the district's regular educational program. The second study followed different groups of Follow Through students and controls through their high school years to determine differences in achievement as well as educational outcomes such as graduation, drop-out, or college acceptance. Overall, achievement and college acceptance results consistently favor the Follow Through groups over control groups, with strongest effects in reading. ★ ★ ★ While the immediate effectiveness of the Direct Instruction (DI) Model for teaching disadvantaged "at-risk" students in the elementary grades has been well documented (Becker, 1977; Stebbins, St. Pierre, Proper, Anderson, & Cerva, 1977), the question of long-term effects remains. Do the academic gains realized by students who participated in the program in the primary grades persist through ensuing years of education? Does academic success in the primary grades result in continued higher levels of academic performance in the intermediate grades and junior high school? Do students who attended DI Follow Through classes have an increased likelihood of graduating from high school and attending college? Eminent educators like Benjamin Bloom (1981) assert that effective instructional programs for "at-risk" students in the primary grades will have enduring effects on students' lives. He argues that students who develop competence in reading, language, and mathematics in the primary grades are likely to be able to benefit from instruction in the later grades. If children can read, they always have a foundation for learning new material. If they are competent in the early years of school, they are likely to approach learning with a more positive perspective, even when they encounter difficult academic and social situations. Critics of Direct Instruction (Katz, 1988) assert that students become stifled by the structured educational experiences they receive in the primary grades and develop negative dispositions toward learning. Katz feels that the effects of Direct Instruction programs dissipate in later years. In fact, Schweinhart, Weikart, and Larner (1986) say Direct Instruction in the early years of schooling can cause the students future harm.


PURPOSE: To enable the positioning without generating a wedge action by a clearance to any direction by having a continuous male V-screw, by enabling the screw can be screwed in the mating female screw formed in the hole, and by drilling a hole between coiled neighboring grooves of the screw. CONSTITUTION: A joining basket 10 is formed by drilling 8 small holes 11 which are located evenly separated each other to the axial direction in a dense rigid steel cylinder, and each hole has the center on a circle concentric with the axis of the cylinder. Then a large hole having a center on the axis is drilled. By tapping the V-screw 12 on the outer surface of this cylinder the hole 13 is appeared on this surface, and these holes pass through the each intersection of a rounded valley 14 and the small hole 11. Then a screw thread 15 is formed on the inner surface of the joining basket, and a cap 16 having holes 18 like those of a salt shaker is screwed. For constituting a joining basket, by drilling holes 11 in large size so to cross each holes, and enables to eliminate the necessity of drilling the center hole. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


As latter-day experimental interstellar and intergalactic astronomical data are being related to unknown forms of cosmological energies (hypothesized as dark energy and dark matter), we, in the present development, attribute radiation-absorption properties to the universe's electromagnetic (EM) energy content (plasma energies) or to the universe's geometric manifold itself. Therefore, for either an EM energy content or a manifold energy content (manifold curvature with radiation absorption), we advance a classical optical attenuation coefficient model to describe energy propagation throughout the universe, thereby providing an alternative analysis and cosmological explanation for the experimental radiative-astronomical data. This modeling is applicable whether one attributes radiation attenuation to the presence of additional universe-bearing EM energy sources or as an interpretation of the geometric manifold as a substantive and locally distortable entity. For the geometric manifold absorption description, the spacetime-absorption-property concept is further utilized to model a radiatively decaying blackbody as the genesis of a propagating decaying shock wave, which in turn is posited as the energy source to mimic a spatially distorted universe. The earlier derived composite coupling constant (gravitational and EM) is inherently incorporated to classify the elements of the seeded universe. Energy densities derived from a distorted-spacetime model are further assimilated in a fundamental manner to describe the ensuing features of the explosive blackbody event.


Old cement pavement rubblization technology is a method using old concrete pavement directly as base or subbase course after breaking and compacting by special crushing equipments.Combining with reconstruction project of Pingbai highway in Guangxi,this paper studies on technology characteristics,application implementation and construction quality control of multi-head rubblization.Breaking construction parameters determined through experiments in this project can provide reference for implementations of old cement pavement reconstructions.


Barbi and Vaupel ([ 1 ][1]) argue that period effects have generally been more important than cohort effects in contributing to the historical decline in old-age mortality. We respond by summarizing key points in our initial article and providing data that was mentioned but not discussed in detail


matters at the expense of ethical issues. Ironically, this choice can be appreciated as an ethical issue in itself, not unlike the ethical issue that arose when the medical student reported by Elit et al. devalued her own bearing of witness to her patient. By refraining from making an explicit articulation of ethical issues, such preceptors deprive patients of a full expression of their autonomy and convey to the resident that ethical concerns are secondary to pathophysiology and expediency. Yet these situations could have become profound teaching moments, had the attending doctor explicitly invited the resident to reflect on quandaries such as why critical ethical dimensions of patient care are often shortchanged.


In 2010, a new 100% PBL curriculum was started as the result of an economic development initiative and the dissatisfaction with the traditional engineering education model, The program was adapted from the Aalborg University model of PBL. The curriculum attributes include industry sponsored design projects, self-directed learning, emphasis on continuous development of professional skills. There are no lectures. Students acquire technical knowledge in the context of the project. This program is now in its 10th semester. It has achieved accreditation through ABET-EAC. Data has been collected on the satisfaction of both the graduates and their supervisors with regard to their abilities to perform across the spectrum of expectations in engineering practice. The paper will address the current structure of the curriculum, the trajectory it followed from startup to present, and evaluate the model using data collected on student development and attitudes. The authors will connect the curriculum design to learning theory and curriculum theory. They will address implementation and evolution with regards to change theory. A complete description of the continuous improvement model will be discussed.


This paper describes a novel rendering technique for the special relativistic visualization of the geometry and illumination of fast moving objects. The physical basis consists of the relativistic aberration of light, the Doppler effect, and the searchlight effect. They account for changes of apparent geometry, color, and brightness of the objects. The rendering technique makes use of modern Computer graphics hardware, in particular texture mapping and advanced per-pixel Operations, and allows the visualization of these important special relativistic effects at interactive frame rates.


However polemic its intent, and not without a certain irony, the Hebrew Bible testifies eloquently to the manufacture and use of cultic images of wood, stone, and precious metal in ancient Israel. Biblical history documents the existence and tenacity of this phenomenon beginning in the days of the judges-in the tale of Micah and his house shrine complete with metal image, ephod, and teraphim Oudges 17-18)-to the sanctioned violence of king Josiah's attempted extirpation of it on the brink of Judah's end time (2 Kings 23). Second only to this are the prophets who rail against the divine images of Judah and Israel and mock those of the nations (Isa 10: 10-1 1). Not including the references to Zaah and Z ~ * m , there are over 200 occurrences of some 12 terms that signify cultic images. So far, this textual indication of the use of images must remain a general, even tentative observation, depending on a reading between the lines. The archaeological record of Syria-Palestine has yielded a variety of cult effigies from several sites (e.g., Beth-Shan, Gezer, Jerusalem, Lachish, Megiddo and Tel-Beit Mirsim) and periods (Middle Bronze to Hellenistic). These are chiefly of terracotta and female in sex. Metal and male are in a distinct minority.' The female terracotta figurines and plaques most frequently depict the entire nude female emphasizing the breasts and the pubic triangle (abb. 4448). Some females are touching one breast (abb. 49, 52, 53 , while others support both (abb. 22-24, 29; see figure 1). Still another group, the object of this study, consists of pillar figurines. These emphasize prominent and heavy breasts, encircled and supported by the arms, and the head is usually sharply and arrestingly defined. The pubic


The public library is the local centre and gateway of knowledge and information. Therefore, the library should be funded and operated by local government and the governing body will be responsible for matters of policy of the library. However, recently public libraries in Korea have faced enormous policy challenges such as the damage of its identity, outsourcing or contracting-out of management, and the general chaos of its administrative system. This paper aims to analyze the current level of infrastructure and policies of public libraries and to review the wrong path and the right path of library policies focused on establishing a library foundation and outsourcing library management in Seoul and Incheon.


With the rapid development of Distance Education (DE), the teaching quality of DE has become a focus in China. This paper introduces a quantitative DE teaching quality assessment method, which uses fuzzy comprehensive judgment based on AHP to analyze and process the qualitative information. By applying this method, we can get better results in DE teaching quality assessment.


Abstract The nonlinear, in-plane mechanics of a thin-walled honeycomb with zero Poisson's ratio under large deformation is investigated in this paper. A theoretical method for calculating in-plane tensile modulus, modified factors of linear constitutive relations of the honeycomb structures with zero Poisson's ratio is proposed based on the theory of Euler-Bernoulli beam and the bending theory of beam in large deflection, and a finite element simulation is given to validate. In addition, parametric analysis for revealing the impacts of geometrical configurations and material parameters on in-plane mechanical properties of the honeycombs have been studied systematically. These findings suggest that geometric and/or material parameters provide different contributions to the effective mechanical properties and lead to a separate design for the in-plane mechanical properties. After that, the effects of geometric and/or material nonlinearities on mechanical properties of the honeycomb structures with zero Poisson's ratio are revealed by considering the dimensionless tangent stiffness of the honeycombs.


The pandemic of COVID-19, named by World Health Organization (WHO) SARS –CoV-2, revealed a novel type of corona virus. Gradually, starting  from December 2019 in China, the data about the symptoms and systemic involvement started to be collected from medical centers all over the world. As far as now, it is known that the virus involves upper respiratory tract , lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal system, coagulation system, brain and eye. In this review we present the clinical aspects of the eye and findings in patients hospitalized with severe condition as result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are reports of sporadic cases of people who presented conjunctivitis which is called "pink eye". According to different sources of information, the eye is involved in      COVid-19 pandemic in 1% - 3% of  cases actively involved.


Simple Summary The outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma have significantly improved over the years, following autologous stem cell transplant and the introduction of novel agents. In this study, we performed a retrospective survival analysis on newly diagnosed MM patients receiving ASCT from 1992–2016 at the Ohio State University. We observed that newly diagnosed MM patients' survival and responses to standard of care treatment have improved dramatically since 1992, primarily due to the inclusion of novel and maintenance therapies. There was an improvement in patient remission status, PFS, and OS, suggesting that evolving standards of therapy for MM are enhancing patient outcomes. These findings highlight the importance for newer interventions to build on prior successes. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) represents 1.8% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. While not curable, advances in treatment, including autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and maintenance therapy, have dramatically improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed a retrospective survival analysis on newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients receiving ASCT from 1992–2016 at the Ohio State University. A total of 1001 consecutive NDMM patients were eligible. Patients were split into five groups based on historic changes in novel agents for the treatment of MM. Across the years (1992–2016), there was a statistically significant improvement in both PFS (p < 0.01) and OS (p < 0.01). Significant improvements in both PFS and OS were seen in patients ≤65 years (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002) and >65 years old (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001), respectively. Improved PFS and OS were seen in both standard-risk (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and high-risk patients (p < 0.001 and p = 0.019). The post-transplant response showed statistically significant improvement across the years (p < 0.01). Survival rates for NDMM patients have significantly improved primarily due to the inclusion of novel therapies and post-ASCT maintenance.


The starting time judgment of the storage period plays an important role in normal operation of reservoir which are mainly recharged by glaciers and snow meltwater rivers. There are no one reasonable determination standards to judge the starting time in actual operation of reservoir, which can only be determined subjectively by operation and management staff of reservoir according to basin characteristics and the actual experience. By using RS, GIS and DEM, the change of snow cover rate was analyzed in various period in different elevation scopes of the study area. After comparison, the more reasonable starting time was determined.


Apparatus comprises an end effector, an elongated shaft, and a handle assembly. The end effector is operable to grasp tissue. The elongated shaft extends between the end effector and the handle assembly. The handle assembly comprises a body portion, a trigger, and the trigger return lever. Trigger is movable from the home position to the operating position relative to the body portion, thereby being operable to selectively grip the tissue by controlling the end effector. Trigger includes a cam feature. Trigger return lever is positioned to engage the cam feature of the trigger. Trigger the return lever, during at least part of the range of motion of the trigger to the actuating position from the home position, configured to bias the trigger towards a position.


In France, the field of lifelong learning has undergone many changes since 2014 according to the laws that have been promulgated. While the reform on vocational training for employment and social democracy finalized the decentralization of vocational training by giving regions the means for a more coherent action and placed them as a pilot for the construction of training policies, the recent law for the freedom to choose one's professional future recentralises the regulation of continuing vocational training and sandwich courses. This development will not fail to impact the governance of the CFA, especially those of Higher Education anchored in the small territories. Faced with this major structural issue in the specific context of a small island economy, the University Center for Apprenticeship Training in the Corsican region strives, for a decade, to contribute to the enhancement of the professional integration of work-study students from the University of Corsica, by the development and the durability of determining factors characteristic of a small territorial area in search of structuration. After having highlighted the qualitative results resulting from the activity dynamics of the CFA University in Corsica, this contribution will analyze the perspectives drawn from the exemplary nature of the latter in the context of a new law that is supposed to contribute to the regional structuring of a knowledge and competence economy.


In recent years, there is interest of the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) community in external-seeding techniques such as the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) and the HighGain Harmonic Generation (HGHG). With these techniques, pulses of an improved temporal coherence are generated, but at the same time, they are limited by the repetition rates that seed lasers can currently offer with the required pulse energies. A big challenge is to combine the advantages of seeding schemes with high repetition rates. For this purpose, we study a combination of an oscillator-amplifier. The modulator in the oscillator is used at a long wavelength to modulate the electron beam and an amplifier is operated to extract the FEL radiation of the desired harmonic. This way we can use a seed laser of 10 Hz in a burst mode and a resonator to feedback the radiation at repetition rates of superconducting accelerators instead of using an external seed at these high-repetition rates. In this contribution, we present simulation results of a seeded oscillator-amplifier FEL in an HGHG scheme.


In Teaching by numbers, Peter Taubman (2009) laments "the screaming absence in education of any attention to the inner life of teachers" (p.3).  Framed around a conversation between two former high school teachers at a 'high-need' urban school, this multimodal piece seeks to address this void.  Centering on one teacher's personal-political project—an online collection of abortion stories—and another's reeling sense of loss after abandoning the profession, the dialogue highlights how the everyday stories we live in multicultural classrooms, rather than glorified sites of pluralism, are confoundingly complex—particularly in the embodied intersections between raced, classed and gendered subjects.  Gesturing towards William Pinar's (2004) call for 'complicated conversations' in education and risking the autobiographical processes of currere , the paper explores the intersections of political, aesthetic and affective domains in teaching and the way our projects—both personal and political—haunt and animate, cripple and enable our lives as students, teachers and researchers.


To understand the formation and evolution of galaxies, it is important to have a full comprehension of the role played by the metallicity, star formation rate (SFR), morphology, and color. The interplay of these parameters at different redshifts will substantially affect the evolution of galaxies and, as a consequence, the evolution of them will provide important clues and constraints on the galaxy evolution models. In this work we focus on the evolution of the SFR, metallicity of the gas, and morphology of galaxies at low redshift in search of signs of evolution. We use the S2N2 diagnostic diagram as a tool to classify star--forming, composite, and AGN galaxies. We analyzed the evolution of the three principal BPT diagrams, estimating the SFR and specific SFR (SSFR) for our samples of galaxies, studying the luminosity and mass-metallicity relations, and analyzing the morphology of our sample of galaxies through the g-r color, concentration index, and SSFR. We found that the S2N2 is a reliable diagram to classify star--forming, composite, and AGNs galaxies. We demonstrate that the three principal BPT diagrams show an evolution toward higher values of [OIII]5007/Hb due to a metallicity decrement. We found an evolution in the mass-metallicity relation of ~ 0.2 dex for the redshift range 0.3 < z < 0.4 compared to our local one. From the analysis of the evolution of the SFR and SSFR as a function of the stellar mass and metallicity, we discovered a group of galaxies with higher SFR and SSFR at all redshift samples, whose morphology is consistent with those of late-type galaxies. Finally, the comparison of our local (0.04<z<0.1) with our higher redshift sample (0.3<z<0.4), show that the metallicity, the SFR and morphology, evolve toward lower values of metallicity, higher SFRs, and late--type morphologies for the redshift range 0.3<z<0.4


This work provides experimental data on liquid-liquid equilibria in the range 288-328 K and data of H E m and V E m at temperatures of 298.15 and 318.15 K, for binary mixtures corresponding to 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, [b2mpy][BF 4 ], with alkanols (methanol to pentan-1-ol) and water. The [b2mpy][BF 4 ] is completely miscible in water, and all the mixtures give positive values of H E m and V E m , giving increasing values of excess quantities with temperature. For mixtures with alkanols, values of H E m > 0 are obtained with V E m , 0 and (dV E m /dT) p > 0. Experimental data are correlated with a suitable equation and are presented together with those obtained in previous works for another two isomers, [b3mpy][BF 4 ] and [b4mpy][BF 4 ], and the properties of all of them are compared and discussed along with their behavior. The quantum-chemical method COSMO-RS is applied for the first time to predict excess properties of these mixtures containing ionic liquids, and the results show a significant contribution of hydrogen bond interactions in the behavior of the mixtures studied here, generically referred to as [bXmpy][BF 4 ] (X = 2, 3, 4) + H 2 O or + C ν H 2ν+1 (OH) (v = 1-5).


This paper examines the process whereby the resource industries on the British Columbia frontier were disconnected from the local secondary manufacturing industries and coupled to the growing manufacturing economies of southern Ontario, the United States, and Great Britain between 1860 and 1915. The resource extractive industries were closely linked, in British Columbia, to the boiler and engine-making industry and prior to 1900 both sectors grew apace. After 1900 the growing demand for boilers and engines was met by producers in Ontario, the United States, and Britain while the British Columbia industry went into decline. An examination of both the costs of production and the social determinants of those costs reveals that the main causes of this displacement were the linking of the high-wage British Columbia economy to the lower wage east by the Canadian Pacific Railway; the railway's discriminatory rate structure; and a shift towards nonlocal ownership of the main components in the economy which was accompanied by new purchasing patterns that favoured nonlocal secondary manufacturers.