A series of composites of the high photoactivity of {001} facets exposed BiOCl and grapheme sheets (GS) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal reaction. The obtained BiOCl/GS photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The as-prepared BiOCl/GS photocatalyst showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV and visible light (λ > 400 nm). The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to oxygen vacancies of the {001} facets of BiOCl/GS and the high migration efficiency of photo-induced electrons, which could suppress the charge recombination effectively.


The tapping cutter bar is developed to replace the manual tapping of internal thread to obtain machining accuracy and efficiency for large batch of machining internal thread of small diameter, which is a tapping tool for machine use featuring economic and practical as well as helping to solve the problems of low efficiency, inferior accuracy and easy-breaking of tappers.


Brief description is given to the test on the technology for comprehensively recovering gold and silver from tellurium bearing slag: Tellurium bearing slag is ground and leached with water to produce crud tellurium dioxide which is then purified through ion precipitation and complexing purification process; leaching reside is leached with chloride to produce copper and bismuth, bismuth oxychloride is recovered through neutralization and hydrolysis and sponge copper is recovered through cementation; gold and silver in the remaining residue can be recycled to the gold and silver smelting system for recovery. The paper also gives estimation on economic benefits in comprehensive recovery of tellurium, bismuth, copper, gold and silver.


We demonstrate the reconfigurable time domain spectral phase encoding/decoding (SPED) schemes using fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) for the first time. Chirped FBG is used for coherent spectral phase encoded OCDMA. FBG array with two-dimensional optical code patterns is used for two-dimensional coherent OCDMA.


Is a tax rebate safe and effective? Simulations with an empirically-tested macro-econometric model are used to estimate the impact of the actual 2001 tax rebate in the U.S. and of a rebate twice as large repeated in three additional quarters, and the results of the simulations are interpreted in light of two important recent empirical studies of the spending of the 2001 rebate by households. Our simulations show that as long as a tax rebate is temporary and detriggered when the recession ends, its use during a recession does not pose a significant debt or inflation problem. We find that at the end of one year the larger repeated rebate would have reduced the unemployment rate from 5.9% to at least 5.2%. Thus, a triggered tax rebate is a safe and effective anti-recession policy.


Transformation characteristics, microstructures and tensile properties of a Ti-49.7at.%Ni-1.38at.%Co alloy have been investigated as a function of aging temperature and period. After a solution-treatment, the alloy was aged at 623 K and 723 K for 1.8, 14.4, 115.2 and 230.4 ks in argon atmosphere, followed by water cooling. Microstructures of the aged alloys were observed by using a transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. Fine Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates were observed in all the 623 K and 723 K aged alloys, and their size increased with increasing aging temperature and time. For the same aging time, the number of Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates per unit area for the 623 K aged alloy was larger than that for the 723 K aged alloy. The R-phase products were also observed in the aged alloys at 623 K and 723 K for 115.2 and 230.4 ks. Tensile properties of the aged alloys at 623 K and 723 K for 1.8 ks were examined at temperatures higher than A f ' by 15 K with tensile speed of 8.3×10 -6 m/s. Critical stress for inducing B19' martensites, σ M , of the aged alloy at 723 K for 1.8 ks was nearly equal to the aged alloy at 623 K for 1.8 ks, however, elongation at tensile fracture point of the former alloy was about 2 times longer than that of the latter one. These tensile properties were the same as those previously observed by the present authors, and they seemed to be interpreted by considering that the stress induced martensits were not developed in the aged alloy at 623 K for 1.8 ks although they were done in the aged alloy at 723 K for 1.8 ks, because the number of Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates per unit area were larger in the former alloy than the latter alloy, as verified by TEM observation.


Beam hopping technology has become a hot topic in the study of flexible payload in satellite communication system because of its flexible resource allocation and efficient utilization. The time fragmentation mechanism of the beam technology to change traditional multibeam system fixed resource allocation on the satellite, driven by the demands of the business on demand, to satisfy the business type diversity and distribution inhomogeneity in time and space, increase the system capacity and improve overall system performance, it is considered to be high throughput to the next generation of high throughput satellites in the development of key technologies. This paper mainly discusses the satellite system model, time fragmentation mechanism and efficient on-board resource allocation based on beam hopping technology.


Based on the experimental fact that the average coordination number in a binary liquid alloy is not constant, a refined model for the structure of such melts consists of two structural fractions: a) one which shows the same partial coordination number as the relevant solid intermetallic compound and b) the other, in which the atoms of both kinds are distributed at random. The application of this model to previous X-ray diffraction measurements on Mg -Sn, Mg -Pb, Mg -Ag, and Au-Al alloys permits to subdivide the respective melts into the structural fractions mentioned above. The partial concentrations are plotted vs. the total concentrations. Finally, it is pointed out that the same method may be employed to determine the crystalline fraction in amorphous solids and in liquid semi-conductors quantitatively.


Conventional thinking suggests that pedestrian-friendly, mixed-land-use developments will contribute to an overall reduction in travel by providing an alternative to automobile travel. However, these elements may serve to increase travel demand by reducing the overall cost of travel—a phenomenon generally known as 'induced' travel. To date, most studies of induced travel have focused on aggregate travel patterns, without examining how development patterns may influence people's trip-making decisions. To fill a void in the empirical research, we examine the potential for induced trip making at mixed-use developments by analyzing data obtained from a survey of travelers at a typical mixed-use site in suburban Dallas, Texas, USA. Our analysis found that during both the morning and afternoon study periods, at least some percentage of internal trips at the case-study site were induced, and not 'captured' from the external street network as is typically assumed. Induced trips by land-use pair and travel mode are also reported. Even with the induced trips, a reduction in regional vehicle-miles traveled can still be realized at mixed-use developments sites due to the propensity for those trips to be made on foot. Induced travel also has implications for the development of traffic-impact studies for proposed mixed-use sites, which generally assume that all internal trips are replacing external trips. Planners, policy makers, politicians, and other stakeholders exploring mixed-use developments as a land-use solution to urban traffic congestion and air-quality issues are encouraged to consider the implications of induced travel in the mixed-use environment.


Focusing on the theory of industrialization in agricultural countries, Professor Peikang Chang analyzed the causes and effects of inflations and their solutions at different stages. The core lies in that finance has to keep the prices stable, so that it can better support the industrialization. During this process, the role of agriculture would be ignored now and then, therefore the inflation pressure could be raised; while agriculture may then be considered as the cause of inflation. Thus the financial theory of Professor Peikang Chang can be illustrated as: only if the improvement of agricultural productivity is stressed, can the pressure of inflation be released and the process of industrialization be quickened. This theory still applies to the current situations.


Provided is an electronic device having a Schottky diode. The electronic device comprises first and second electrodes disposed on a semiconductor substrate, and spaced apart from each other. A first semiconductor region is disposed in the semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor region includes a first surface part being in contact with the second electrode and constituting a Schottky diode with the second electrode. A second semiconductor region having the same conductivity type as the first semiconductor region and overlapping the first electrode, is disposed in the semiconductor substrate. A third semiconductor region having a different conductivity type from the first semiconductor region and including first and second parts spaced apart from each other, is disposed in the semiconductor substrate. An isolation region is disposed between the second and third semiconductor regions. The isolation region includes first and second isolation parts spaced apart from each other. According to the present invention, driving performance can be improved.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the lipid content in French fries after submission to different pre-frying methods. It is an exploratory and quantitative examination subdivided in sample preparation and analysis of lipid and moisture content. The sample prepared with blanching didn't show any benefits in regards to fat absorption compared with the control sample. The sample prepared osmotically in a NaCl solution presented a lipid content 10.56% higher than the control. However, it proved itself more effective for the preservation of moisture.The samples prepared with the hydrocolloid coating and freezing, on the other hand, reduced the lipid content, comparedwith the control, by 10.16% and 36.62%, respectively, and presented a moisture content higher than the control. Therefore, the utilization of hydrocolloid coating and freezing before deep frying proved effective to reduce the fat content and the loss of moisture in fried confections.


With continuous development of distribution power network, the higher reliability of distribution system is required. Fault and its impact must be reduced to ensure reliable power supply in the operation of distribution network, so the relay protection is paid more and more attention. The existing relay allocation and settings systems are mostly suitable for high voltage power network and can't adapt to distribution network very well, because the distribution network is quite different from high-voltage network in topology, component properties and operation mode.


Three-axis photoelectric tracking system is assembled by horizontal photoelectric tracking system and X-Y photoelectric tracking system and could track moving object in any area above horizon. Characteristic of multitudinous system measuring values to one space place decides multi-tracking-tactic and complicated system introduction. Real time introduction of system during tracking improves tracking precision and reliability. During introducing three-axis photoelectric tracking system , all tracking tactics include instruction of horizontal gimbal, instruction of X-Y gimbal,instruction of horizontal gimbal with deflected angle of sight axis, instruction of three-axis gimbal and so on. All kinds of instruction methods are given by academic analysis.


Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) could be classified into magnetic clouds (MCs) and non-MCs according to their magnetic field signatures, and into prominence-inside ICMEs (PIs) and non-PIs based on whether they contain colder and higher helium abundance plasmas than the solar wind. It is known that the MCs often lead to magnetic storms. However, whether or not the PIs have significant geoeffectiveness is unclear. This statistical work studies the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude of the PIs, and the related magnetic storms' level. The data include the IMF and plasma moments measured by ACE and WIND, and the Dst index from 1998 to 2011. The hypothesis test based on the proportions of two groups is used to analyze 95 ICMEs related to single storms (SSs). The results show that the magnetic storms caused by the PIs mostly distribute at a strong level, while that caused by the non-PIs and by all the 95 ICMEs mostly distribute at a moderate level. The PIs have a significantly higher probability of generating SSs than the non-PIs. Moreover, the MCs containing carbon-cold and helium-enhanced materials (MC&PIs) have the highest fraction of minimum Bz, less than −11 nT. Since the MC&PIs have large-scale magnetic flux rope and prominence material, the stronger southward IMF is probably provided by the prominence. It is in accordance with the observed injection of enhanced twisted flux ropes to prominence. Therefore, the detailed eruption and propagation processes of the three-part coronal mass ejections deserve more concern from a space weather perspective.


Indoor air quality on ships is important to the passengers' comfort and crews' habitability. Although the constructors and operators need to be aware of the importance and present status of indoor air quality, sufficient data and information is not available. In this study, we measured the pollutant concentrations on two different kinds of ships, a passenger ship and a chemical ship. Indoor air quality of the chemical ship was worse than that of the passenger ship, and concentrations of some pollutants on the chemical ship surpassed the domestic and international criteria. For a passenger ship, the variation of indoor air quality was also investigated after about one and half year. In order to achieve shipboard air quality, it is necessary to collect more data and to suggest minimum requirements.


Peri-urban areas are the transition zone, or interaction zone, where urban and rural activities are juxtaposed, and landscape features are subject to rapid modifications, induced by human activities. These critical areas of land cover change. leading to uansformations in the hydrological, ecological, geomorphoIogica1 and socio-economic systems, are often neglected by both rural and urban administrations. However, as cities d e d o p , much of their growth is located in such areas. Many peri-urban activities move outwards as the c i~y grows; other activities and land uses become incorporated w i t h the urban 1 fabric. Peri-urban areas are mosaics of temporary, new residents and activities mingled with longstandmg land uses, incIuding farms, villages, quarries and / forest patches. Peri-urban areas receive two flows of migrants creating wide variations in wealth and social status: urban people seelung a more rurd lifestyle or cheawer accommodation, and poorer rurd people searching for woik and heher chances for their chrldren. Thepen-urban areas of many cities h d ~ t h high vdue middle-class properties and poor in-migrant squatter settjegents a few h i n d x m e t r a a p s Located among--these uses wiU be market gardening, sand and gravd workings and brick day pits, oil refineries, petrochmicd piants, power stations, tanneries, airports and dvided hawavs. , Peri-urban areas thus come to-be valued in hfferent ways by diverse groups. These values vary between continents, nations and regions. They indude:


This study is an attempt to measure the impact of Maqam, a mode of Arabic music, on a sample of listeners at UDK (University of art in Berlin).


Our research address the problem of network resource allocation for real-time communications in mesh networks. We are studying the combination of online flow admission control and pathfinding algorithms in an SDN-like controller.We propose a Software-Defined Real-time Networking protocol that allows a dynamic and incremental allocation of network resource in a mixed-critical real-time m esh network context. We also propose a method to ensure the dependability of the network, considering that transmission errors and node failures can happen. Finally, our research includes the study of a new way of experimenting on embedded networks, by making use of both an in-silicon platform and a simulator. We designed an original framework to ease conducting such experiments.


The Nagumo–Sato (NS) model is a one-dimensional piecewise linear map that describes simplified dynamics of a single neuron. The NS model and its network extension, coupled Nagumo–Sato models, exhibit complex behavior both in their transient dynamics and after converging to periodic orbits. However, the way the period and the transient length change against the parameters is not completely understood. In this study, we numerically investigate the transient and periodic dynamics in single and coupled NS models. Simulation results indicate the following observations. (1) The period of a single NS model shows layered structures associated with the Farey sequence. (2) Two coupled NS models show discontinuity in the transient length, even though the period does not change. (3) In the case of an associative memory model consisting of NS models, there exists a small parameter region where both the period and the transient length increase considerably. The dynamics within the region is much more complex than that outside the region.


Mine was a secure, loving home, but one where the word 'money' was seldom heard. For some perverse reason, it was frowned upon to openly raise financial issues. My mother was a nurse, midwife, radiographer and matron at the local hospital; my father was the principal of an agricultural college. They were both highly competent in their chosen careers, but when I look back, the level of financial literacy in my home was at the low end of the scale. "What's inflation?" asked the high school guidance councillor when I said I wanted to become a farmer. "What do you know about insurance? Have you ever sold anything for profit?" I can still see her look of pity as I stammered and stuttered. When I was finished, she looked down at the sheet of paper in front of her and ticked the box with 'Teacher' next to it, and that was that. My future was decided. Thank goodness my teacher training included subjects covering plants, fungi and insects, and I was able to become semiqualified in a few farm-related subjects. No doubt you're wondering why I'm recalling this long-past stage of my life. It's simple; the lack of financial literacy in my family affected me for many years, and I don't want you to make the same mistake, which is why I've devoted the past few columns to the subject.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a condition frequently encountered in medical practices across the country. More than 60% of children with AD are at risk to develop allergic rhinitis or asthma (the atopic march). Patients with AD have a unique predisposition to colonization or infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Treatments for AD need to rapidly control symptoms of the disease, improve quality of life and prevent exacerbations. Given the chronic and relapsing nature of the disease, therapies need to encourage good compliance and be well tolerated.


Transfer function of transformer's sectional winding can be used for the evaluation and localization of partial discharges(PD),but the estimation of the winding parameters is difficult when not knowing the sectional winding voltages.This paper applies genetic algorithms(GA) to estimate the parameters of sectional winding.The RLC models of transformer's sectional wind,which are based on transmission line theory,are improved by assumption that the six main circuit elements R_S,R_g,C_S,C_g,R and L are assumed identical in all sections while the mutual inductances Mi keep different.The transformer's frequency response to an impulse signal is used to estimate the parameters.A zoom operator is introduced to accelerate the GA's convergence.The results are compared with the results of least mean square error method and maximum likelihood method under the same condition.


In a company is often encountered, machine maintenance or maintenance
issues received less attention, the maintenance of the machine not regularly
maintenance activities performed after the machines was damaged and the
condition of the machine can not be operated anymore.
In the management of maintenance, markov chain can be used to analyze
the possibility of transition status of the machine good condition, minor damage,
moderate damage, to damage. From the analysis of the policy will be taken as a
preventative measure to avoid engine damage that disrupt production activities
and also be costly engine repairs.
CV. SURYA ELECTRICAL as one of the manufacturers of electrical
panel that prioritizes customer satisfaction, still less attention to the importance of
the maintenance of production machinery. And if there is damage, CV. SURYA
ELECTRICAL had to stop production for a while and then do a repair damaged
mesinyang first. With the problems mentioned above, there will be a production
machine maintenance planning using Markov Chain methods in the hope of
minimizing the cost of care. By conducting a production machine maintenance
activities on a regular basis which includes control, repair and replacement of
parts, smooth production is ensured.
From the results obtained by the savings generated by the company's machines are
Machine Cut obtained savings Rp 19.826.370,- or 49,56% of the company's
maintenance costs.
Keywords: Markov Chain, machines maintenance, the cost of mainteanace


Understanding the dynamics of biological communities is a central aim of ecological research. Contemporary environmental change reinforced this interest: in order to predict how communities will react to environmental change, we have to understand the processes driving their dynamics. Ultimately, the dynamics of a community depends on the reproduction, mortality and dispersal of its component individuals, and on how these demographic processes are altered by environmental factors and biotic interactions.
 A general understanding of biological communities is unlikely to arise from a species-specific approach that attempts to quantify all pairwise interactions between species. Instead, it seems promising to pursue a trait-based research program that quantifies how variation in the performance of species and individuals is shaped by the interplay of functional traits, biotic interactions and environmental factors. In this thesis, I investigated how functional plant traits determine plant-plant, plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore interactions in space and time, and how these spatiotemporal interactions affect the long-term fecundity of plants. In the South African Fynbos biome (a global biodiversity hotspot), I studied a species-rich, ecologically and economically important group of woody plants (genus Protea) and its interactions with pollinators and seed predators.
The objectives of this thesis were: (1) to combine plant traits and high-resolution maps of Protea communities in order to quantify the landscapes of nectar sugar and seed crops that plant communities provide for pollinators and seed predators, (2) to examine how sugar landscapes shape pollinator behaviour, and how pollinator behaviour and pollinator-mediated interactions between plants affect the reproduction of Protea individuals, (3) to study how the spatial structure of plant communities and seed crop landscapes determine direct and predator-mediated interactions between plants, and (4) to understand how the interplay of these biotic interactions shapes the dynamics of plant communities. I addressed these objectives by analysing spatially-explicit data and high-resolution maps from 27 sites of 4 ha each that contained 129,750 plants of 22 Protea species.
The results show that Protea plants and their pollinators interact on several spatial and temporal scales, and that these interactions are shaped by sugar landscapes. Within plants, inflorescences compete for pollination. At a neighbourhood scale, Protea reproduction benefits from nectar sugar of conspecific neighbours but not from heterospecific neighbour sugar. Seed set also increases with the amount of nectar sugar at the scale of entire study sites. This corresponds with the finding that the abundance and the visitation rates of key bird pollinators strongly depend on phenological variation of site-scale sugar amounts. Nectar sugar furthermore influences the strength of interactions between Protea species and bird pollinators: Protea species that provide nectar of high sugar concentration depend more strongly on bird pollinators to reproduce. When foraging in sugar landscapes, these bird pollinators show both temporal specialization on single plant species and a preference for common plant species.
In addition to these pollinator-mediated interactions, the long-term fecundity of Protea individuals is reduced through both competition and apparent competition mediated by seed predators. Competition is stronger between conspecifics than between heterospecifics, whereas apparent competition shows no such differentiation. The intensity of competition between plants depends on their size and the intensity of apparent competition between plants depends on their seed crops. Moreover, competition has a stronger effect on plant fecundity than apparent competition.
These findings have interesting implications for understanding the dynamics of Protea communities and the maintenance of plant diversity in the Fynbos biome. The positive interspecific density-dependence resulting from pollinator-mediated interactions causes community-level Allee effects that may lead to extinction cascades. My analyses also imply that competition stabilizes the coexistence of Protea species (because intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition), whereas apparent competition via seed predators does not have such a stabilizing effect. In summary, this study highlights the benefits of 'community demography', the demographic study of multiple interacting species. Community demographic studies have the potential to identify general determinants of biotic interactions that act across species and communities. In this thesis, I identified nectar sugar and seed crops as interaction currencies that determine how multiple plant species interact through shared pollinators and seed predators. In megadiverse systems such as Fynbos, such generalizations are urgently needed to understand and forecast community dynamics. The analysis of community dynamics with respect to such interaction currencies provides an alternative to the classical species-specific approach in community ecology.
Raumliche und Zeitliche Interaktionen zwischen Pflanzen, Pflanzen und ihren Bestaubern und Raubern spielen eine Schlusselrolle in der Dynamik von terrestrischen Gemeinschaften. Doch in der Okologie fehlt weitgehend ein quantitatives Verstandnis der Merkmale und Prozesse, die sowohl raumliche und zeitliche Interaktionen einschliesen. Deshalb untersuchte ich in dieser Doktorarbeit, wie funktionale Pflanzenmerkmale Pflanzen-Pflanzen-Interaktionen und Pflanzen-Tier-Interaktionen in Raum und Zeit bestimmen, und wie diese raumlich-zeitliche Interaktionen die Pflanzenreproduktion beeinflussen. Ich studierte eine artenreiche, okologisch und okonomisch wichtige Gruppe von sudafrikanischen Buschen (Gattung Protea) mit ihren wichtigsten Bestaubern (Cape Sugarbird, Promerops cafer and sunbird, Anthobaphes violacea) in der Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Durch die Kombination von Experimenten und Beobachtungen in verschiedenen Protea Gesellschaften die mit hoher Auflosung kartiert wurden, untersuchte ich wie die raumliche und zeitliche Verteilung von Protea-Ressourcen ("Ressourcen-Landschaften") die Verhaltensweisen von Bestaubern pragt und wie sich Nachbarpflanzen auf die Verhaltensweisen von Bestaubern auswirken und im Umkehrschluss wie sich die Bestauber auf die Reproduktion von Protea Individuen auswirkt. Daruber hinaus studierte ich, wie Ressourcen-Landschaften die Konkurrenz und die Pradationsrate beeinflusst und wie sich die Kombination von beiden auf die Dynamik der Protea-Gesellschaften auswirkt. Um dies zu tun, habe ich Pflanzenmerkmale durch raumzeitliche Interaktionen aus der Perspektive der beiden Pflanzen und Tiere quantifiziert und analysierte Interaktionen zwischen Protea Individuen (insgesamt 129750 Protea Positionen mit 22 Arten in 27 verschiedene Pflanzengesellschaften). Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie tragen zum Verstandnis von demographischen Prozessen und Gesellschaftsdynamiken bei und zeigen die Auswirkungen auf die Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt in diesem "Biodiversitats-Hotspot".


An experiment was conducted to investigate heat transfer characteristics of tap water in microchannels. The tested channels were horizontally placed straight rectangular channels with 12 mm breadth, having a channel height from 1.0mm to 3.0mm. Heat was supplied from the bottom surface. The experimental data in the saturated boiling region were compared with the heat transfer correlation proposed by Kandlikar and Balasubramanian (2004). The comparison showed that this correlation could reproduce the experimental data, if a suitable modification is made, and the modification was determined as a function of the Boiling number and the Confinement number. The modified heat transfer correlation agreed with the experimental data in the convective boiling dominant region with an accuracy of ±20%, and at the same time, predicted an existence of the optimum channel height at which the maximum heat transfer coefficient is obtained.


With the rebuild engineering of Nanjing connection line of Hu-Ning expressway as an example,based on existing traffic accident data,road design parameter and great amount of field data,the paper uses some new safety techniques of accident statistic analysis,ergonomics and operation speed theory etc to evaluate the safety condition of the road section to find out the section with accident risk and accident black-spot,and recommend safety measures for the reconstruction.


A protein obtained from mammalian livers capable of inhibiting mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, is called "liver-derived inhibitory protein", or LIP. LIP was purified from mouse liver homogenates by various purification procedures, including ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and G-150 superfine Sephadex gel filtration. The LIP was proven to be very pure, and its inhibitory activity was improved 37-fold. The LIP was identified to be arginase. LIP can inhibit both T- and B-lymphocytes. It is temperature stable up to 65℃ and pH stable from 3 to 11. LIP molecule weight is 105 kDa. Arginase is the only mammalian amino acid-degradation enzyme that can potently inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. Therefore, arginase of human origin has a great potential of therapeutical benefit in treating immunologic diseases, such as transplant rejection, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.


This year's analog techniques session includes six papers that you will find interesting and informative if you design analog and mixed signal circuits. We have three papers describing frequency domain filters, two papers on voltage references (one is invited), and an invited paper on deep submicron effects.


The worldwide revolution of information technology triggers numerous computing in creative ways that changes and improves human life dramatically, e.g., Google search engine, Facebook. Although the term, "Creative Computing" is used and practiced widely, there is still no well accepted and `scientific' definition for Creative Computing. We report our attempt to develop the definition, research scope and challenges for Creative Computing in order to develop Creative Computing more efficiently and effectively to serve the world. And further research will also be speculated.


Contents of residual sulfur dioxide in dry red wine were tested by three different methods——direct iodometric method,pararosaniline hydrochloride method and iodometric distillation method.Direct iodometric method was a rapid and easy method,but with larger standard deviation than the other two methods.The pararosaniline hydrochloride method was tedious and unstable with poor reproducibility and lower value.The iodometric distillation method was simple and stable with good reproducibility and no interference.It is the best way among the three methods to determine the residual sulfur dioxide in dry red wine.


This paper examines how the various Indian programs screened via Digital Satellite Television (DSTV) have emerged, become household topics of conversation, and impacted various Indian families in Durban, South Africa. The globalization of digital media and the introduction of cable channels such as Zee TV, B4U, Al Jazeera and NDTV have created a new impetus and encouraged South African Indians to take stock of their culture, customs, fashion, cooking and rituals. It has become a driving calling for People of Indian Origin (PIO's) to travel to India to view the locations that are included into the making of the soaps and movies and participate in pilgrimage within the diasporic spheres that facilitates a sense of belonging with the Indian continent. This study is based on interviews with males and females in four different locations in Durban and explores the impact that viewing of the different programs bouquets on DSTV has on the lives of Indian population.


This deliverable reports on the achievements of the EuroSea project in developing targeted indicators co-designed with demonstrators (WPs 5–7) and forecasts (WP4). For this, the indicators implemented are expressed in term of Essential Ocean/Climate Variables (EOVs/ECVs) together with their requirements. The co-development undertaken address ocean indicators for all range of scales: from the large, basin scale to the regional and local scales. Such approach as well as the proposed solution to focus, at regional/local scales, on EEZs, represent one of the innovative results of EuroSea that will help to rationalize risks assessments and guide environmental management approaches in European Seas.


Each year the seasonal influenza vaccine is administered to protect individuals from infection, but vaccination often shows variable efficacy against influenza infections. While the inclusion of adjuvants can boost vaccine efficacy, individuals also vary in their response to adjuvants, and understanding the basis of this variation would provide insights into adjuvant mechanisms and advance vaccine development. Host genetics contribute to variation in vaccine response, but the specific genetic factors that impact immune responses to adjuvanted vaccination are not well understood. To better understand how the genetic background of individuals can modify vaccine and adjuvant-induced immune responses, we screened a set of Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with immunization via inactivated influenza with or without alum. Across these genetically diverse CC strains, we observed wide variation in levels of influenza specific antibodies and isotypes (e.g., IgG1, IgG2). We further focused on two strains, CC002 and CC072, that had contrasting antibody responses to vaccine + alum. To understand the genetic factors driving these responses, we generated an F2 population to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) driving the differences between CC002 and CC072 in vaccine responses. Among the F2 population, variation across antibody levels were observed in mice vaccinated with the vaccine with and without alum that reflected the variation in the parent strains. QTL were mapped for variation in antibody levels for mice vaccinated without alum, further supporting a role for host genetics in regulating vaccine responses. Future analysis will focus on analyzing specific host factors modulating antibody responses to adjuvanted vaccination.
 Supported by grants from NIH (U19 AI100625, 5T32 GM007092, 1T32 GM135128, 5R25 GM055336-19) and Burroughs Wellcome Fund GDEP to MCC.


Sparse array is popular in the field of array signal processing. However, in the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, most research on sparse array assumes Gaussian noise, resulting in a model mismatch in the practical scenarios of impulsive noise. We investigate the estimation performance of the bounded nonlinear covariance (BNC) matrix-based methods, which can be used to replace the original data covariance matrix of the received signal and achieve good robustness to the impulsive interference. We propose an enhanced BNC (EBNC) matrix with a noncircular signal for a nested array in the scenario of impulsive noise. The proposed EBNC matrix can fight against the impulsive noise outliers and its boundedness and convergence are shown. The proposed method's performance is assessed with simulations. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method provides better performance in DOA estimation than the classical BNC, correntropy-based covariance matrix, and Gaussian covariance-based methods, especially in highly impulsive noise scenario.


With over 56% of the population in the 27 Member states of the European Union (EU) living in rural areas, which cover 91% of the territory, rural development is a vitally important policy area. The strengthening of EU rural development policy is, therefore, as overall EU priority. Under the Regulation, rural development policy for 2007 to 2013 is focused on three themes. There are to improve the competitiveness of the agriculture and forestry sector, to improve the environment and the countryside, and to improve the quality of life in rural areas and encourage diversification of the rural economy. In order to guarantee the balanced development of the national programs, it has been prescribed that at least 10% of the available budget must be spent on the first objectives, at least 25% on the second and at least 10% on the third. Another feature of the new rural development policy regulation is the greater focus on a bottom-up approach, with Member states, regions and local action groups all being given a say in the gearing of programs to local needs. To achieve this, the LEADER approach has been set as a fourth objective. Each programs must contain a LEADER element for the implementation of local development strategies by local action groups. At least 3% of the program budget must be spent on this. The European Commission has also given direction to the fleshing out of the national programs by adapting European Strategic Guidelines which must be translated by the Member States into a National Rural Strategy. This national strategy is intended to culminate in the Rural Development Program. The Government has drawn up a national strategy in response to this, based on European Guidelines.


Background: In the United States, 6 of the 25 leading causes of death stem from site-specific cancers, resulting in over 1.7 million deaths annually. Yet, this burden is not evenly distributed. While the incidence of cancer is significantly higher in urban areas, rural regions face higher rates of cancer mortality. Identifying the factors contributing rural cancer disparities can facilitate more effective and feasible policy solutions.' Problem Definition: Rural Americans are geographically isolated from high-quality cancer services and face systemic barriers to NCI designated comprehensive cancer centers. Given this disparity, rural Americans have failed to fully realize the benefits of expanded federal investment in improved cancer care. Efforts to increase the supply of rural oncologists have yielded mixed results. Rather, this policy review identifies an opportunity to expand the capacity of America's oncologists through provider-to-provider telehealth models. Methods: Federal and state statutes were scanned for telehealth legislation. CMS guidance relating to telehealth capacity building were also reviewed. The tabulated political venues and policy activity were reported by branch and level of government. Policy recommendations were then made by the focusing on states implementing provider-to-provider teleoncology models in rural regions. Policy Report: In 2016, Congress passed the Project ECHO Act which aimed to evaluate all provider-to-provider telehealth capacity building models. However, the 2019 Project ECHO Act, which aimed to build upon the initial pilot, failed to progress through the Senate. Most provider-to-provider teleoncology activity occurred at the state-level through Medicaid Waivers. Conclusion: Neighboring states can build upon the success of these innovative healthcare delivery models by expanding the diffusion of Medicaid waiver demonstrations which authorize reimbursement for provider-to-provider teleoncology in rural areas.


A resistance (AMR) is undoubtedly a vital "One Health" challenge underpinned by the interdependence of humans, animals, and the environment. The consequences of AMR�the failure of antimicrobials to cure infections in humans and livestock�directly affect human and animal health and wellbeing and result in socioeconomic loss. As a result, it is insufficient to only study AMR in the environmental compartments of water, soil, and air without an anthropocentric etiological perspective. Any investigation should consider the mechanisms and risks of AMR transmission to humans from what we eat, drink, breathe, and touch. Similarly, investigations on the evolution and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental media are most relevant when there is a connection to preserving the efficacy of medically important antimicrobials. The recent exponential growth in environmental AMR research has often been narrowly focused and lacking the relevance and impact to health outcomes. This limits the applicability of the findings and can result in an overor underestimation of the role of the environment. For example, focusing merely on quantitative or real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based or metagenomics-based measurements of ARG abundances renders many health-irrelevant ARGs mistargeted; overlooking the aggregate exposure pathways constituting a population-level acquisition of AMR can lead to an underestimation of overall exposure. In this Viewpoint, we highlight several critical issues for researchers working in this field and invite a "Letter to Editor" response in order to better define impactful contributions from the environmental dimension of AMR as part of a broader "One Health" vision. ■ AMR RISK ASSESSMENT REQUIRES A HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENT-HUMAN CONNECTIVITY


It is evident that the climate is changing and countries especially the developing ones are vulnerable. Various sectors such as water, agriculture and even land use are all being affected by climate change. Hydropower, a major source of electricity in Ghana is one key sector which has been hit by the changing climate thus contributing to the continuous power outages in the country. Government had to rush for emergency thermal plants at a cost whilst maintaining them with oil and gas has not been cheap.

It is important that economies are able to adapt to climate change and its uncertainties by being climate resilient as well as making sure long-lived infrastructure such as hydropower incorporate the problem of uncertainty. It would be also expedient for developing nations to be able to climate proof their entire energy sector and deal with climate change head on. In Africa, hydropower plants have been built without proper climate risk analysis. In Ghana, reports suggested that the Bui hydroelectric project did not consider climate change. Therefore this research was to understand how decision makers take decisions on hydropower investments in light of climate change and its associated risks and uncertainties. To be able to understand this process, the researcher used the Bui Dam as a case study, consulted various publications relating to the issue and conducted interviews with key informants. It was analysed using a framework adopted by Lemos et al. (2012) to understand the barriers to the use of climate information during the project. It was discovered that, the priority of the government was to attempt to solve the then power crisis and not necessarily consider climate change adaptation. A climate risk assessment has been scheduled to take place as part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of The Pwalugu Dam. However, government must do more to support climate research as well as take advantage of various approaches that have been developed to aid decision makers when dealing with climate change uncertainty.


Proposes a control method for the manipulator/vehicle system which has redundant degrees of freedom. In order to control the system, the authors decompose the motion of the end effector in the inertial coordinate system into the vehicle's motion and the manipulator's motion because the motion of the end effector with respect to the inertial coordinate system is realized by both the manipulator's motion and the vehicle's motion. How to decompose the end effector's motion is one of the key issues for the manipulator/vehicle system. If one wants to move the system to another place, the motion of the end effector should be realized by the vehicle's motion. On the other hand, if one wants to manipulate an object, the motion of the end effector should be done by the manipulator's motion. That is, the decomposition of the end effector's motion in the inertial coordinate system should be done based on the human intention. The method proposed controls the motion of the manipulator and the motion of the vehicle based on the operator's intention modelled by fuzzy rules. The experimental results illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control method for the manipulator/vehicle system for man-robot cooperation.<<ETX>>


This research aimed to analize students' error in English pronunciation related to the diphthong sound. The subject of this research was the third semester of English Departement at Muhammadiyah University of Metro.  The goals of this research were to find what the errors are made by students in pronouncing diphthong, the percentage of the errors, what are the causes of the errors. The instruments of this research were item test, interview, and questionnaire. To collect data in this research the researcher used triangulation technique (documentation, interview, note taking and observation). From the result data research, it can be interfered that from 80 diphthongs test of 30 students as the source of data, there were many errors that they did when they pronounced diphthong /əi/ that is 39%. They did errors as many as 46% when they pronounced /eə/, 46% in pronounced /eɪ/, 22% when pronounced /ɔɪ/, 43% when pronounced /ʊə/, 48% when pronounced /əʊ/ and /iə/ as many as 46%, and the last 41% when pronounced /aʊ/. The researcher found various answers for some aspects caused their errors in pronounce diphthong, the first is learning method, learning facilities.


A prototype dielectric microcalorimeter was fabricated from 0.99SrTiO3-0.01SrTa2O6, a dielectric material. To estimate the operation performance of the microcalorimeter, a simple evaluation model is introduced by employing the block diagram formalism. Pulse height and fall time constant of the detection signal are analyzed as a function of the thermal conductance of the heat link. The dielectric microcalorimeter maintained at 100mK was irradiated by 5.5 MeV α-particles emitting from an 241Am source. Responsivity was found to be 2.7x10−19C/eV.


A transgenic tobacco database of routine genetic elements was established based on literature review of transgenic tobacco research in the last 10 years.Genetic elements that were commonly used in transgenic tobacco research were screened to reveal frequency of individual and combination of genetic elements.A combination of P-35S promoter,NPT II/HPT/Bar/aadA selective marker genes,GUS reporter gene and T-NOS terminator as screening target elements can make screening rate of transgenic tobacco reach 100% in theory.Thus,an optimized screening strategy for transgenic tobacco is being laid out.


Studies involving controlled drug delivery systems have been the object of study in several areas, with the main objective of controlling the time and concentration of the drug in the body. Among the many advantages of these systems, stands out the efficiency of the continuous maintenance of the active principle at therapeutic levels, reduction of the side effects, besides the reduction of the number of dosages. The present work refers to obtaining a drug release device based on microcrystalline cellulose chemically modified by ionic liquids and subsequent incorporation of ionic drugs (Losartan, Cimetidine, Indomethacin, Erythromycin and Naproxen). To evaluate the drug release profile, two different biological media were simulated that depict the physiological pH and stomach pH respectively. The percent release was evaluated as a function of the accumulated concentration versus time and the samples were quantified by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. To characterize the modified material, we used thermogravimetric analysis (Tg), Infrared Region Absorption Spectroscopy (IR), Dynamic Light Scatering and Zeta Potential (DLS), Elemental Analysis (CHN), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance solid (CPMAS NMR). In relation to the microcrystalline cellulose, it was observed by the thermogravimetric analysis that a high degree of functionalization was obtained (81% m / m), triggering a considerable change in the crystalline structure after incorporation of the ionic liquid. The percentages of ionic drugs incorpored in the polymer matrix varied according to the physicochemical characteristics of each drug, indomethacin being the drug that obtained the highest rate of adsorption and release in the medium. Regarding the kinetic release tests, the profile that best suits all drugs was obtained at pH 7.4, since it was observed that the matrix could undergo hydrolysis in acid medium due to the breakdown of Si-O bond . In view of the innovative nature of the work, the results obtained open a wide variety of technological opportunities.


A neurally plausible connectionist model of decisionmaking, based on the SHRUTI architecture, is being devloped. Toward this end, issues of appropriate connectionist representations for belief and utility, necessary control mechanisms, and reinforcement-based learning are addressed.


The article analyses the "four transitions" in the office Work of colleges and explains the basic requirements for carrying out the "three serves" in office work. Suggestions, in combination with practice, are also made on how to give full scope to office work.


This undergraduate thesis investigates the legacy of Margaret Thatcher to the policies regarding the world of work in British society and the world, from the analyzes of intellectuals of The Guardian. In order to understand more precisely the Prime Minister's government and its policies for workers, it was analyzed the construction of its theoretical references: the Enlightenment and Liberalism, as well as the conflict of the welfare state versus neoliberalism and how the aspects are shown in the production models. The characterization of the allied governments happened with the objective of understanding the construction of neoliberalism as a global hegemonic project through the British and American governments in the 1980s. Thatcher's rise to power was also analyzed, as well as her pre and post life of political insertion, in order to understand her conservative positioning and the linkage of neoliberal ideas and actions implemented in her government. Lastly, the 1984 miner's strike and its repercussion in the post-death of Thatcher was presented, through the opinion of intellectuals of The Guardian, with the purpose of understanding their view and how Thatcher's relationship with the labor unions and the world of work left marks in today's society. The research is characterized as basic and explanatory with qualitative character, the material used was bibliographic and documentary.


Systematic investigations in the necessary sub-fields of the wheel/rail system, particularly regarding the interactions between track and vehicle, the dynamic loading of the track, the aerodynamics, the data transmission and train control, and finally the influences of high-speed transport systems on the environment, are to provide the prerequisites for the development and operation of a modern transport system of advanced wheel/rail technology.


Cryogenic turboexpanders are an essential part of liquefaction and refrigeration plants. The thermodynamic efficiency of these plants depends upon the efficiency of the turboexpander, which is the main cold generating component of these plants, and therefore, they should be designed for high thermodynamic efficiencies. Balje's [1] nsdschart, which is a contour of isentropic efficiencies plotted against specific speed and specific diameter, is commonly used for the preliminary design of cryogenic turboexpanders. But, these charts were developed based on calculations for a specific heat ratio (γ) of 1.4, and studies show that care should be taken while implementing the same for gases which have a higher γ of 1.67. Hence there is a need to investigate the extent of applicability of nsds diagram in designing expansion turbines for higher specific heat ratios. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of cryogenic turboexpanders was carried out using Ansys CFX®. The turboexpanders were designed based on the methodologies prescribed by Kun and Sentz [2] following the nsds diagram of Balje and Hasselgruber's technique for generating blade profile. The computational results of the two cases were analysed to investigate the applicability of Balje's nsds diagram for the design of turboexpanders for refrigeration and liquefaction cycles.


The utility model discloses a heatproof and fireproof special cable which is mainly composed of main cable cores, a butyronityile insulating layer, a tin-coated copper filament shielding layer, a silicone rubber insulating layer, a galvanizing steel wire braiding armor layer and a chloroprene rubber sheath layer. Three main cable cores are extruded in the butyronityile insulating layer, the tin-coated copper filament shielding layer wraps the outside of the butyronityile insulating layer, the silicone rubber insulating layer wraps the outside of the tin-coated copper filament shielding layer, and the galvanizing steel wire braiding armor layer wraps the outside of the silicone rubber insulating layer. The heatproof and fireproof special cable has good insulating and shielding performance and high interference immunity, can be widely used in fields of petroleum chemical, metallurgy manufacturing and the like, and the heatproof and fireproof special cable also has characteristics of heatproof and fireproof performance, high inoxidizability and the like.


As a new sort of near net shape continuous casting technology, twin roll continuous casting technology is widely attended by domestic and overseas researchers in recent years. In this paper, the research and development of twin roll continuous casting technology in domestic and overseas are summarized including edge sealing technology, roll profile, technical parameters and so on, and the researching hotspots are introduced emphatically. It can be foreseen that twin roll continuous casting technology can be widely used in the continuous casting process of stainless steel, and its research and application in high alloy steel can be expected soon.


Recently, the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) technique has been widely applied for the characterization of tissues. For example, it can be used for the quantization of Achilles tendons based on the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) when the ultrasound wave passes through the tissues. The main purpose of this study is to develop an integrated system to investigate the correlations between the measurements of Achilles tendons using QUS (UBIS 5000) and 2D ultrasound instrument (HDI 5000). Subjects including young (32 females and 17 males; mean age: 23.7plusmn2.0) and middle-age groups (8 female and 8 males; mean age: 47.3plusmn8.5 s) were recruited and tested for this study. All the subjects were ensured to have no habit of regular exercise and no record of tendon injury. The results show that BUA is significantly higher for the young group (45.2plusmn1.6 dB/MHz) than the middle-age group (40.5plusmn1.9 dB/MHz), while SOS is significantly lower for the young (1601.9plusmn11.2m/s) than the middle-age (1624.1plusmn8.7m/s). The thickness of Achilles tendons for both groups (young: 4.31plusmn0.23mm; middle age: 4.24plusmn0.23mm) are very similar. The noninvasive ultrasonic assessment of Achilles tendons might be helpful in clinical diagnosis and in evaluation of a therapeutic regimen. In the future, further animal studies should be made by measuring the BUA and SOS invasively to evaluate the accuracy of the parameters measured using QUS parametric images


The β-lactamase gene was cloned into E. coli DH5α from Bacillus sp. J105 with strong resistance against β-lactam antibiotics. The chromosomal DNA was partially digested with Sau3AI and ligated to BamHI digested pLAFR3. β-Lactamase positive clones were obtained by using in vitro packaging kit. The pKL11-Δ4.6 with β-lactamase activity was obtained by subcloning of the recombinant plasmid (β-lac +). The 6.5 kb fragment in the subcloned plasmid was sequenced. The DNA fragment that contains the β-lactamase gene encodes 309 amino acids. The 0.17 kb upstream region was similar to those of B. thuringinesis and B. cereus with 97% identity. The deduced amino acids sequence was also similar to those of β-lactamase from B. thuringinesis and B. cereus with 97% and 94% identity, respectively. The phylogenetic tree also showed the relationships of the β-lactamase gene of Bacillus sp. J105 to genetically related that of other Bacillus strains. Analysis of expression pattern of the pKL11-Δ4.6 in E. coli, revealed that the secretion efficiency of β-lactamase was 4~5% and the molecular weight was as same as that of original β-lactamase (31 kDa) from Bacillus sp. J105.


Twenty-eight mounds of Megapodius reinwardt were surveyed in the area of Clifton Beach, north of Cairns, Queensland. Detailed observations and temperature were recorded at one mound near Sweet Creek. Three pairs of birds successively used the mound during fifty-four months. The third pair shared the mound with a fourth for two months. During this shared occupation the pairs never worked together and confrontations rarely occurred. The fourth pair did little work other than digging holes for eggs. Territories appeared to be advertised by nocturnal calling. The third pair, which was observed most, worked throughout the year, the male more than the female. The temperature regime of the mound is described. The site of the egg was always a little warmer than the rest of the mound and reached a maximum of 38°C. The third pair laid twelve eggs during the breeding season of 1973-74 when they occupied the mound alone.


Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease mediated by T-lymphocytes in which autoantigens play an important part in activating T-cells and is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Hair follicle is an immune-privileged site where major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and II molecules are not expressed. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects people who are genetically predisposed to develop an immune reaction to gluten. The small intestine is the primary site of CD. The clinical presentation, on the other hand, can be distinguished by both intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. Serological tests are initially recommended for the diagnosis of CD. One of the most sensitive and specific tests is anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA. Other serological tests include anti-gliadin IgA and IgG. areata and their 30 healthy individuals as controls. Patients were selected from Dermatology outpatient clinic in AL Zahraa University hospital during the period from November 2020 to April 2021. Results: Out of 30 patients with alopecia areata included in the study the severity of alopecia tool score (SALT) was S5 in 8 patients (26.7%), S4 in 2 (6.7%), S3 in 1 (3.3%) ,S2 in 5 (16.7%) and S1 in 14 patients (46.7%) . Antigliadin IgA was only positive in 8 (26.7%) S5 patients while IgG was positive in all 30 patients with 2 positive cases in control group resembling (6.7%). There was statistically significant difference between control and patients groups regarding IgA and IgG levels, as higher values was found in patients than controls, the median (IQR) of IgA in patients was 9.11 (6.88 – 12.2) while in control group was 1.56 (0.97 – 3.29)with p-value < 0.001. By ROC curve for sensitivity and specificity of IgA and IgG, we found that there were 100% sensitivity and specificity of IgA with cutoff point >4.25 and also for IgG with cutoff point >13. Conclusion: There was a high statistically significant association between antigliadin antibodies (IgA and IgG class), and AA and its severity, with100% sensitivity and specificity of IgA with cutoff point >11.56 and also for IgG with cutoff point >41.8. An active search for CD using serological screening tests has been recommended to diagnose the numerous cases of subclinical CD in AA patients


This paper describes role based network security management system as the method for managing many network devices. The role concept needs for managing several network devices simultaneously and automatically, and managed network devices have to be designed by considering role. This paper describes network security management technology not only using role based designed network security device, but also using legacy network devices. We developed SPA for using legacy network devices. The SPA is able to generate policy inconsistency between network security server and network security client because of the three tier architecture (network security server, network security client, and SPA). The SPA has the policy consistency mechanism for resolving the problem.


Koo et al. (2017) compared differences in sociodemographic variables, recent life events, and mental and physical illnesses between three age groups (65–74 years, 75–84 years, and 85 years and over) who died by suicide. Psychiatric problems, suicidal behavior, legal and financial stressors, and relationship problems decreased with age. In contrast, physical conditions and bereavement increased with age. Suicide rates were increasing with age for males, but not for females. In addition, significant differences in the prevalence of potential risk factors within the three different age groups existed. I have some concerns about their study.


The black-headed budworm has long been known as an endemic resident and occasional epidemic defoliator of coniferous forests in Canada and parts of northern United States. The moth is distributed across the whole of the northern forest area from Cape Breton Island to the west coast of Canada and Alaska. It is a serious and recurrent defoliator particularly in British Columbia and Washington (Silver, 1960). The larvae feed on various conifers of the genera Abies, Larix, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga, and different hosts are preferred in different parts of the range. Thus, Schaffner (1950) gives Abies balsamea as the most important host in eastern areas, Raizenne (1952) indicates that species of spruce (Picea) are most often utilized in southern Ontario, while Tsuga heterophylla has been found to be preferred in coastal British Columbia (Leech, 1933; Keen, 1952; Evans and Silver, 1954; Silver, 1960).


Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an ecien t multilevel method for solving large sparse linear systems obtained from the discretisation of scalar elliptic partial dieren tial equations. AMG can be used to compute powerful preconditioners for use with Krylov subspace methods. We report on the design and development of an ecien t, robust and portable implementation of AMG that is available as package


A highly regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of nitrones 1 with alkyl 2-aroylcyclopropenecarboxylates generated in situ from alkyl 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates 2 under basic conditions is described. The reaction proceeded readily to afford ring-fused isoxazolidines 3 in moderate-to-high yields. The strained ring-fused cycloaddition products were selectively transformed into the corresponding polysubstituted pyrroles, for example, pyrrolizine derivatives, through N–O bond cleavage or 1,2-oxazinane derivatives through ring-opening by treatment with HCl·pyridine in alcoholic solvents.


Sirene is the official database of French enterprises (legal units) and establishments (local units). In response to the SemStats 2019 Call for Challenge to model and provision the Sirene data as RDF, we propose the use of the euBusinessGraph ontology as a basis for modeling and publishing Sirene data as Linked Data. In this paper we discuss the suitability of the euBusinessGraph ontology to cover key Sirene entities, present extensions to the euBusinessGraph ontology developed to accommodate the modelling needs of the Sirene key entities. Furthermore, we describe the Linked Data publication process, covering the needed Sirene data transformations and RDFization, as well as the technology stack supporting the process. The result is key entities data from Sirene published as Linked Data, together with a reproducible process for generation of Linked Data from Sirene data.


Considers the frequently expressed objections to work measurement and the evolution of four main categories of data, determined by the methods applied to create the data. Examines the application of computers, the quality of data, and the present and future of data manipulation in work study programmes. Concludes that O&M staff will experience a change in role in the future, possibly becoming part of the design and planning team.


Clinical decision instruments (not rules as they give the impression they must always be followed) are useful for answering simple questions when the instrument is short, easy to remember, and considers unambiguous questions.1

If the pre-test probability …


This evaluation method is done for understanding how accurate and how precise the attitude estimation in terms of position is. In order to achieve the evaluation goals, a system is made. This system consists of a MicroScribe Gx2 digitizer, a technical camera and a landmark. The landmark is in two dimensions of a flat PCB layout of infrared Emitter Diode (I.E.D). The I.E.Ds, called as feature points, are arranged in a matrix of 5 by 5. They are spaced each other in 40.6 millimeters. Many experimental results obtained with 1.4491 ± 0.8166 error in millimeters prove that the proposed method is applied quite well for attitude estimation evaluation and the attitude estimation algorithm is good as well.


Abstract : The Stereolithography (SLA) process was investigated to test its efficacy in producing three-dimensional parts from a Unigraphics CAD file. The method uses a photo-sensitive resin that is cured by means of a laser beam. The laser is directed to follow the CAD file and a model is built up with successive layers of resin between 0.127 and 0.508 mm (0.005 and 0.020 inch). Once the model is constructed, it is bathed in ultra-violet light for a post curing process. It was found that the model undergoes various amounts of contraction and expansion, distorting its shape. A quantitative assessment of this is given. The process is very useful in producing a three-dimensional model from the CAD file, but the dimensional integrity is not sufficient for producing accurately dimensioned prototypes.


The objective of this work was to extend our study into the effects of attenuation and scatter compensation on the apparent distribution of Tc-99m sestamibi in cardiac slices to include compensation for resolution. Furthermore, we also determine the accuracy of diagnosing CAD using polar map quantitation with a unified normal database. We studied 102 individuals who either underwent X-ray angiography (57) or were determined to be in a low risk group (less than 5% likely) to have CAD (45). The low likelihood group was identified using standard criteria. Both groups underwent stress testing (physical or pharmacological) before imaging commenced. A Philips Medical Systems Prism 3000 (Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland Ohio) SPECT camera was used for all acquisitions. The standard FBP reconstruction with no attenuation or scatter compensation was performed on the emission data using the 180/spl deg/ data from RAO to LAO, and a Butterworth pre-filter of order 5 and cutoff of 0.25 1/pixel. Emission data were also reconstructed through 360/spl deg/ using an ordered-subset expectation-maximization (OSEM) algorithm. In our implementation, we used 15 subsets of four angles each and one iteration employing attenuation compensation (AC) alone, and in combination with scatter compensation (SC). Resolution compensation was included with the previous compensation methods (RC) using 5 iteration of OSEM. Three-dimensional post-reconstruction Gaussian filtering was done using a sigma of 0.75 pixels. As expected, FBP do poorly with a unified normal database when inferior and anterior regions are affected. The three methods that included compensation for attenuation were highly susceptible to extracardiac activity, influencing the maximum count in the polar map and change diagnoses of normal into CAD. This was evident in the areas under the ROC curves for all methods.


Case histories are presented of 10 humans with inhalation depositions of Pu in which the Pu is retained in the lung or pulmonary lymph system for extremely long periods. The retention half-times range from 5000 to at least 20,000 d for most (in some cases all) of the initial deposition. In no case was a clearance half-time in the hundreds of days observed. The form of Pu involved in these cases is believed to be calcined Pu oxide. 9 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.


The paper uses the comparable price index of the equipment capital and structure capital to construct index of Capital Embodied Technological Progress and analyzes the dynamic character of it in the course of equipment investment and its cycle fluctuation interactive relationship with economic growth.By using the wavelet method to analyze the cycle fluctuation interactive effect between Capital Embodied Technological Progress and economic growth,it shows that in short cycle they are different and there is no Granger cause relation,that in medium cycle there are strong co-volatility and Capital Embodied Technological Progress is cause of economic growth,and that in long cycle they have complete co-volatility and there is the dual causality.Its results point out that the effect of Capital Embodied Technological Progress on economic growth is embodied in medium and long cycle,but not the short one,and therefore it is still the main way of technological progress in China.


In order to recognize the trend of the development of the key ST platforms in universities home and abroad,the literatures on this area are reviewed,focusing on the constructional mode and operational mechanism.The experience of foreign countries indicates the importance of the governmental participation and management.Their operational mechanisms are also flexible with few drawbacks. Some influential researches are introduced in this paper.There are still some challenges for China's universities to develop the platform.It's necessary to learn from the foreign experience to innovate the constructional mode and operational mechanism.


After a 20-year career at Bankers Trust Company, where he headed investment research, economics and institutional portfolio management, Roger Murray went to Columbia University's Graduate School of Business as successor in the classroom to Ben Graham and Dave Dodd. Except for a six-year stint as executive vice president and portfolio manager of College Retirement Equities Fund, he taught at Columbia on a fulltime basis until "retirement" in 1977. He introduced more than 2,000 students to the concepts of Security Analysis. A past president of the American Finance Association and still active in all phases of investment management, Professor Murray has both the theoretical and practical perspective for this commentary on the Graham and Dodd contribution. -C.A.D.


Abstract : Atmospheric mercury wet-deposition rates were determined by the use of a newly designed wet-deposition sampler at four sites around the Boston, Mass. metropolitan area. The new sampler design was evaluated to determine reliability and capture efficiency. Capture efficiency was lowest during cold and (or) windy winter storms when accumulated ice and (or) snow either overflowed or blew out of the funnel. High capture efficiency (median values of 0.95 and 1.01) occurred with the top-loading type of N-Con sampler, likely reflecting the enhanced collection efficiency of the optical infrared precipitation sensor during light precipitation, and the improved temperature distribution in the top-loading model. Wet-deposition samples collected from January 2002 to August 2004 were analyzed for total mercury (HgT), and a subset of samples from September 2003 to August 2004 were analyzed for methyl mercury (MeHg). MeHg concentrations at all four sites were below the detection level of 0.04 nanograms per liter (ng/L). Precipitation-weighted HgT concentrations during the study were 7.81 to 8.31 ng/L at the more urban sites, and 6.87 ng/L at the regional-reference site. Annual HgT deposition was 8.11 to 9.98 micrograms per square meter per year ( g/m2/yr) at urban sites, and 6.56 g/m2/yr at the regional- reference site. Precipitation-weighted HgT concentrations were 2 times higher in the summer than the winter, and the HgT deposition rate was 3 times higher in the spring and (or) summer than in the winter in the Boston metropolitan area.


This article is to explore the intervention role of clinical pharmacist in promoting rational use of antibiotics for our hospital. Aiming at the various errors and unreasonable phenomenon, clinical pharmacists played full roles in antimicrobial drug selections, prescription and case reviews, type I incision medication, case consultation and rational drug use seminars and educations. Through various interventions,the use of antibiotics is more and more rational. It has a significant decrease in antibiotics use rate and density. Clinical pharmacists played a good role to promote the rational use of antibiotics.


The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Shuxuening injection combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of unstable angina. Randomized controlled trials of Shuxuening injection combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of unstable angina were searched by the computer system from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database since the establishment of the database until June 2020, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of literature, using Rev Man5.3 Meta-analysis Software. The 28 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 3,127 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that Shuxuening injection combined with conventional western medicine was effective in improving the clinical efficacy of angina pectoris (RR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.19, 1.27], P<0.00001), improvement of ECG (RR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.23, 1.40], P < 0.00001), reduction of angina pectoris attack frequency (MD = −1.28, 95% CI [−1.88, -0.67], P < 0.0001), duration of angina (MD = −3.36, 95% CI [−3.69, −3.03], P < 0.00001), nitroglycerin dosage (MD = -0.39, 95% CI [−0.65, −0.13], P = 0.003), C-reactive protein (MD = −2.72, 95% CI [−3.41, −2.03], P < 0.00001), BNP (MD = −23.33, 95% CI [−27.87, −18.79], P < 0.00001), lower triglycerides (MD = −0.72, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.38], P < 0.0001), total cholesterol (MD = −1.39, 95% CI [−1.84, −0.94], P < 0.00001), and LDL cholesterol (MD = -1.20, 95% CI [−2.12, −0.29], P = 0.01) which is better than that of control group. The effect on raising HDL cholesterol was comparable between the two groups (MD = 0.49, 95% CI [−0.06, 1.04], P = 0.08) and the incidence of adverse reactions to differences had no statistical significance (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.54, 1.81], P = 0.97). The Shuxuening injection combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of unstable angina has clear efficacy and a certain degree of safety, so it is recommended for clinical application.


Conservation management approaches focusing on minimizing soil disturbance maximizing soil cover, and stimulating biological activity can be achieved with different cropping choices and production goals in different environments all around the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North West, India. Therefore, review was presented in this paper to investigate the interactive effects of tillage; residue and nutrient management on top soil carbon stocks and soil labile organic carbon fractions. The proportion of SMBC as mineralizable C decreased with depth. Mean values across soil depths and nutrient supply options, the abundance of these four OOC fractions was in the order CNL (7.04gkg–1) >CL (2.02gkg–1) >CVL (1.35gkg–1) >CLL (0.75gkg–1). The zero tillage practice in wheat increased the organic carbon content and carbon stock as compared to conventional tillage in soils. The zero tillage increased dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon light and heavy fractions of carbon in soils at upper layers of the depths. The light and heavy fraction carbon values were observed to be lower in lighter textured soil which increased with increase in fineness of the texture. Soil organic C (SOC) was highly affected by tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization. The SOC stock varied under different treatments from 26.9 to 30.8, 17.7 to 21.2, 15.7 to 23.3 and 7.21 to 9.82 Mg ha-1 at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth. The topsoil (0–20 cm) had the maximum levels of cumulative SOC storage in the 1 m soil depth for the CK, N, NP, FYM, NP+S and NP+FYM treatments, accounting for 24%, 23%, 27%, 30%, 31% and 31%, respectively. At the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm soil layers, the SOC stocks of the NP, FYM, NP+S and NP+FYM treatments were significantly higher by 17%, 21%, 25% and 37% and 5.3%, 8.1%, 7.3% and 11%, respectively, than that of the CK. The SOC stock decreased markedly with increasing soil profile depth irrespective of treatments.


ABSTRACT The protest movement in Belarus has been presented by some of its protagonists and analysts as a struggle for dignity, implying a contradiction between dignity and authoritarian rule. However, the author's ethnographic work carried out between 1999 and 2013, which focused on the dachas of city dwellers on one hand and on everyday life in the kolkhozes and villages on the other, revealed examples of the attainment of dignity within the repressive system itself. Although the system is based on violence and arbitrary rule, it simultaneously generates means of establishing forms of dignity. Dachas enable the affirmation of an enhanced representation of oneself. In the collectivized countryside, certain moral qualities – endurance, resourcefulness, and self-reliance – can be manifested in daily activities and provide access to a sense of self-worth. Since 9 August 2020, these forms of dignity have been polarized into a form of defensive dignity, in which arbitrary rule and recognition are not antinomic and which is expressed as loyalty to the incumbent regime, and an offensive dignity, for which personal dignity can be complete only if the demonstrators' demands for collective dignity are met.


A new design for CNC system based on ARM processor is introduced in this paper. In this design, ARM is the action-controlling unit, high-speed micro-controller is the human-computer interaction unit. Both of the hardware and software in the system have been designed. This system was designed to fulfill many requirements, such as reliability, low cost, high precision.


Abstract : This paper describes a technique to determine interlaminar tension strength, sigma 3c, of a fiber reinforced composite material using a curved beam. The specimen was a unidirectional curved beam, bent 90 deg, with straight arms. Attached to each arm was a hinged loading mechanism which was held by the grips of a tensile testing machine. Geometry effects of the specimen, including the effects of loading arm length, inner radius, thickness, and width, were studied. The data sets fell into two categories: low strength corresponding to a macroscopic flaw related failure and high strength corresponding to a microscopic flaw related failure. From the data available, the loading arm length had no effect on sigma 3c. The inner radius was not expected to have a significant effect on sigma 3c, but this conclusion could not be confirmed because of differences in laminate quality for each curve geometry. The thicker specimens had the lowest value of sigma 3c because Of poor laminate quality. Width was found to affect the value of sigma 3c only slightly. The wider specimens generally had a slightly lower strength since more material was under high stress, and hence, had a larger probability of containing a significant flaw.


Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd is the Indian MNC based in Mumbai with largest market capitalization amongst the Indian Pharma companies The study focuses on the study of the various parameters of financial performance and risk measurement of Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd during the challenging time of Covid era The financial variability of return using the Value at Risk concept based on the historical movement of the daily return has been analyzed to understand the trend of the risk related to the variability in return Also, the trend analysis has been used to analyze the movement of various fundamental financial parameters like Net Income, Operating Income Margin, Net Income Margin © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University All rights reserved


Objective This study intended to reveal the relationship between the plasma Hcy level and hypertension in Chinese Han population in cross-sectional study.Method The plasma total Hcy levels in 4989 participants were measured by cyclic enzymatic method.Result(1) With the increase of plasma Hcy levels,the proportion of hypertensive patients was gradually increased,as compared with the lowest quartile(the first) of Hcy levels,the proportion of hypertensive patients was 1.48-fold for the second quartile,2.09-fold for the third quartile and 2.25-fold for the fourth quartile(the highest level),P0.001;(2) The prevalence of hypertension was related to elevated plasma Hcy levels,after adjustment for age,gender,body mass index,smoking and drinking,compared with the lowest quartile of Hcy levels,the fourth quarter of risk ratio(95% CI) was 1.30(1.03-1.66),P 0.05;further adjustment for TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,glucose,uric acid,TG,there was no significant correlations of prevalence of hypertension with elevated plasma Hcy levels.Conclusion Elevated plasma Hcy levels was significantly related to prevalence of hypertension;increased plasma Hcy levels were concomitant or marker rather than an independent risk factor for hypertension.


Purpose – This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of senior women managers leaving corporate organisations to start their own companies. Women's advancement to senior management roles is facilitated by the acquisition of human capital and social capital. Female ex‐corporate managers leverage personal accumulations of knowledge, skills, relationships and networks when starting and growing new ventures. A conceptual framework of "embedded career capital" accrued during past experiences and transferable to the individuals' new entrepreneurial ventures is put forward.Design/methodology/approach – Structured, in‐depth interviews with ten female entrepreneurs who recently left senior management positions in large UK corporations to start their own ventures support a spectrum from embedded career capital which is transferable and value‐creating to embodied career capital consisting of immobile, non‐rent‐generating accumulations.Findings – Senior women managers leverage "embedded career capital", human capital ...


The stator core high flux test or core loop test of large generators, used to evaluate the interlaminar insulation and the settling of the stator core prior to its final tightening, requires the rotor to be removed and large excitation cables to be wrapped around the stator core, along with a high-power source. Once the core is energized to the required level of flux, typically 1.0 Tesla to 100% of the rated stator yoke flux density for new stator cores, the operator standing in the center of the stator core scans the bore to detect any hotspots using an infrared camera. To improve workplace health and safety during the core loop test, this paper presents two solutions using telemetry to minimize operator exposure to critical hazards such as high energy levels, high noise and vibration levels, and electromagnetic fields.


Transport planning models are used all over the world to assist in the decision making regarding investments in infrastructure and transport services. Traffic assignment is one of the key components of transport models, which relate travel demand to infrastructure supply, by simulating (future) route choices and network conditions, resulting in traffic flows, congestion, travel times, and emissions. Cost benefit analyses rely on outcomes of such models, and since very large monetary investments are at stake, these outcomes should be as accurate and reliable as possible. However, the vast majority of strategic transport models still use traditional static traffic assignment procedures with travel time functions in which traffic flow can exceed capacity, delays are predicted in the wrong locations, and intersections are not properly handled. On the other hand, microscopic dynamic traffic simulation models can simulate traffic very realistically, but are not able to deal with very large networks and may not have the capability of providing robust results for scenario analysis. In this paper we discuss and identify the important characteristics of traffic assignment models for transport planning. We propose a modelling framework in which the traffic assignment model exhibits a good balance between traffic flow realism, robustness, consistency, accountability, and ease of use. Furthermore, case studies on several large networks of Dutch and Australian cities will be presented.


This study investigated whether context and interactive affected younger adults' perceptions of older adult stereotypes. Younger adult participants (N = 180), aged 18-32 years old, rated six video recordings of two confederates, one male and one female, who were filmed in three contexts. Results revealed a significant difference in younger adults' perceptions of attitudes associated with older adults. Older adults in an interactive context were rated more positively than older adults in noninteractive and neutral contexts; also, older adults in noninteractive contexts were rated more positively than older adults in a neutral context. Further, a significant difference was found between younger adults' perceptions of attitudes associated with female older adults and male older adults; females were rated more positively than males. Finally, a significant difference was discovered in how younger adults perceive older adult language abilities across contexts; older adults in an interactive context were evaluated as having better language abilities than older adults in a neutral context.


Staking is one of the key leather making operations to soften leather and to improve its pliability. Besides the number of staking passes, there are many other factors affecting the action of staking, and consequently theresultant physical properties of staked leather. Fatliquoring, for example, is another process to soften leather and will influence the results of staking. There is no report so far, however, to demonstrate the interaction of fatliquoring and staking on softening leather. This investigation is devoted to this important subject, aiming at a better understanding of their interaction on pliability and other important properties of concern to the leather industry, such as mechanical strength, elongation, toughness and area retention. We therefore have conducted a systematic study, using the SAS statistical program, to formulate their interactive relationship on the physical properties of leather. Observation showed that the tensile strength and tear strength both increase steadily with increasing number of staking passes. This trend slowly reverses, however, as the fatliquor concentration increases. Even more intricate is the effect of fatliquor on the behavior of staking softening. Without fatliquor, staking actually stiffens the leather. Data showed the softening action of staking only becomes effective after fatliquor concentration reaches a certain level. Area measurements showed no obvious link between the amount of staking and area retention. An association was observed, however, between the residual water content and area retention. The leather after vacuum drying with less residual water content shows better area yield.


In view of the problems of the Binary Representation(BR) algorithm for modular exponentiation against the side channel attacks, a new solution named as pseudo modular inversion algorithm is presented for the goal of erasing the difference of power consumption among the operational units. It is testified that the expected goal is reached to by demonstrating the power trace between the original BR algorithm and the new one.


Role of Transition Metals in Nitrite Decomposition in Soils by J, S. Bajwa, Master of Science Utah State University,l971 Major Professor: Dr. R. L. Smith Department: Soils and Meteorology Iron and copper increased the decomposition of nitrite significantly during the first two hours of reaction when 150 parts per million (ppm) of nitrite nitrogen was added to an acidic soil. Manganese was found to have a slight effect. There was no additional effect of the added metals after two hours reaction time. The higher concentration of metals was not ef fect ive in catalyzing the decomposi tion of the added nitrite nitrogen . All t he added nitrite nitrogen was not recovered and the deficit could be due to the formation of nitrogen gas. (52 pages)


As part of their plan to computerize the Oxford English Dictionary, the Oxford University Press and the University of Waterloo undertook a user survey. The objective of the survey was to establish how respondents now use the Dictionary, to determine the principal facilities that users will require of an electronic version of the OED and to provoke thoughtful responses about applications for the New OED. The survey was, in many respects, a necessary preliminary to all subsequent phases of the project. This report summarizes the principal results of the survey. It includes the questionnaire itself, a tabulation of the individual responses, an analysis of current and predicted patterns of use implied by the responses, and a statistical characterization of suggested applications for the New OED. Anticipated use appears to vary according to user characteristics (including occupation, location, and native language), whether the dictionary is used for research, and on current patterns of use. The findings must remain tentative until more data on actual use are available. Because of the potential diversity, however, database design and marketing should for the time being emphasize flexibility. [The proposed 'electronic version of the OED' should not be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM available now, which is based on 'the original twelve volume edition, but without its supplement' (G. Jtaye, IJL 2/1 Spring 1989: 85).


Abstract Four sesquiterpenes have been isolated from the hydrocarbon fraction of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil using column chromatography. The structure formulae of the compounds, α-guaiene, α-bulnesene, α-patchoulene and seychellene were determined using one and two dimensional NMR and GC/MS. Such results will be useful in the structure determination of sesquiterpenic compounds having guaiane, seychellane and patchoulane skeletons.


Several historians that I know at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill talk about the untapped potential for historical research in the field of recreation and leisure. In fact, several of them have decided that the opportunity is too good to pass up, so they are starting to do their own research about the role of leisure in community development, the influence of race and gender on sport, and the role that recreation played in the labor movement and union organizing. Some of them are interested in the personal aspects of leisure so are analyzing women's involvement in garden clubs, reading diaries about the common experiences of daily living, or gathering oral histories. These historians all suggest that more collaborative research is needed between leisure studies and history. Some professionals in the field of recreation and leisure studies lament the ahistorical way we approach research and practice. We know almost nothing about our past, especially if we happen to be a woman, a person of color, or a person with a disability. We wait for someone else to tell our story. In her book, National Parks and the Woman's Voice, Polly Kaufman, a teacher of women's history at the University of Massachusetts, tells a revisionist's story. She provides a glimpse through women's eyes into the history of one of our most visible institutions for outdoor recreation-the National Park Service. Her book is thorough, compelling, and insightful. As I read the book, I was struck with how little I knew about women's professional involvement in outdoor recreation. By the end of the book, I was grateful to this woman historian who cared enough to bring attention to the invisibility of women in the out-of-doors and give recognition to the struggle and commitment of women to preserve and enjoy our natural spaces. Kaufman wrote her book from a feminist perspective that accentuated the male-defined culture of the Park Service. She developed a framework that explores the two main factors on the development of the Park Service (i.e. the military ethos and the public communications approach), the influence of these factors on women's opportunities and expectations regarding the roles they could fill in the Park Service, and the effect of these factors on allowing women's voices to be heard. For example, she described the conflict that arose when the old-time rangers from the military tradition of protector and enforcer saw the new male ranger-naturalists as effeminate because of the cordiality, grace, and chivalry expected to meet the demands for visitor services and education. This homophobic attitude toward the ranger-naturalists fueled an animosity among the male rangers. The conflict was ultimately directed toward women who wanted to work within the ranger ranks. The old-time rangers felt their jobs were man's-work and inappropriate for women while the new ranger-naturalists felt the hiring of women would confirm the perceived effeminacy of their jobs. The culmination of these homophobic attitudes was a Park Service policy that prohibited women from all ranger positions for the next four decades. Kaufman has developed the book around the voices of women. In her first section that "speaks for parks" from the women pioneers' perspectives, she brings visibility to the roles that women carried into the outdoors as explorers and travelers, early park founders and advocates, the first women ranger-naturalists, and Park Service wives. She detailed the lives of many women unknown to most of us, yet went beyond providing a list of accomplishments. Throughout these chapters, she developed a comprehensive framework that included a broad range of involvement of women in environmental movements as well as professional careers. One has only to read these chapters to understand the struggles of women as they explored the wild areas, vied for positions as ranger-naturalists, enlisted in efforts to save and preserve natural areas, and eventually accepted the only route of service open to them within the National Park Service-as wives of Park Rangers. …


Meaningful interactions with faculty can help graduate students' progress successfully through their academic work, develop scholar-practitioner identity, and begin to cultivate academic relationships and relational skills that will help them succeed. These outcomes emerged from a critical incident technique study in which we interviewed 21 master's students. Based on the findings, we propose individualized attention as an organizing theme to help us consider how to intentionally engage with our students from a relational perspective. The concept of individualized attention, as developed in this inquiry, suggests: invitation, engaged presence, care, and enthusiasm as elements of the relational practice of teaching and learning.


This paper proposed a mathematical mode for video stabilization by means of novel geometry analysis. The method got global motion parameters by local motion vectors through quick M-robust estimation; these parameters are filtered to remove stochastic motion noise. In order to improve the stabilization, the original motion vectors are filtered in the spatial-temporal domain before global motion estimation and an effective "resynchronization" scheme is introduced to prevent error accumulation during motion correction. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm has good stabilization effects and can be used to real-time process.