Abstract. A passive, millimeter wave (MMW) and terahertz (THz) dual-band imaging system composed of 94 and 250 GHz single-element detectors was used to investigate preprocessing and fusion algorithms for dual-band images. Subsequently, an MMW and THz image preprocessing and fusion integrated algorithm (MMW-THz IPFIA) was developed. In the algorithm, a block-matching and three-dimensional filtering denoising algorithm is employed to filter noise, an adaptive histogram equalization algorithm to enhance images, an intensity-based registration algorithm to register images, and a wavelet-based image fusion algorithm to fuse the preprocessed images. The performance of the algorithm was analyzed by calculating the SNR and information entropy of the actual images. This algorithm effectively reduces the image noise and improves the level of detail in the images. Since the algorithm improves the performance of the investigated imaging system, it should support practical technological applications. Because the system responds to blackbody radiation, its improvement is quantified herein using the static performance parameter commonly employed for thermal imaging systems, namely, the minimum detectable temperature difference (MDTD). An experiment was conducted in which the system's MDTD was measured before and after applying the MMW-THz IPFIA, verifying the improved performance that can be realized through its application.


A two-component four-fermion system with equal masses, interspecies $s$-wave scattering length ${a}_{s}$, and vanishing intraspecies interactions under external spherically symmetric harmonic confinement is considered. Using a correlated Gaussian basis set expansion approach, we determine the energies and various structural properties of the energetically lowest-lying gaslike state throughout the crossover for various ranges of the underlying two-body potential. Extrapolating to the zero-range limit, our numerical results show explicitly that the total energy, the trap energy, as well as certain aspects of the pair distribution function and of the momentum distribution are related through the so-called integrated contact intensity $I({a}_{s})$. Furthermore, it is shown explicitly that the total energy and the trap energy are related through a generalized virial theorem that accounts for a nonzero range.


GreenMetric (GM) ranks the universities worldwide to determine their sustainability levels. Ranking depends on the scores which is calculated based on the evidence provided for various criteria. In this study, it is suggested to use remotely sensed images both as data to be used in score calculation related to greenery level and as evidence to be presented. In this context, GM scores regarding the sustainability indicators of the first category were determined by using satellite images. The main campuses of two universities from Turkey were selected as study areas. Sentinel-2B satellite images of the campus areas were exposed to digital image processing techniques to derive statistical values regarding greenery. Based on these data and information, the total scores of the setting and infrastructure category for both campuses were calculated as 1000 and 925, those officially claimed were 1050 and 825. When considering the main campus of a university, remotely sensed image has high potential to obtain the required information about green and non-green areas. Therefore, thematic maps to be produced from such data can set a standard for statistical evidence requested by GM in various indicators. This approach will also contribute to the more reliable evaluation.


Abstract Background Dietary selenium (Se), as an antioxidant element, plays a protective role in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicosis in poultry. Objectives To compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) against AFB1‐induced toxicity on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, antioxidant status and serum lipid concentrations in Japanese broiler quails. Methods A total of 540 quails were divided into six treatments, each with six replicates and 15 birds per replicate at 24 days of age and reared for 21 days. Treatments included: (1) a basal diet without Se and AFB1 (negative control; NC); (2) NC + 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 (positive control; PC); (3) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SS; (4) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SS; (5) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SeNPs; and (6) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SeNPs. Results Treatment with PC diet decreased feed intake and body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio than the NC diet. The PC diet also atrophied the lymphoid organs and depressed antibody responses against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses and sheep red blood cell. Moreover, quails treated with PC diet appeared to have lower serum glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and disturbed serum lipids than those receiving the NC diet. Dietary Se attenuated these detrimental effects, but failed to completely eliminate them. Additionally, SeNPs performed better than SS in improving thioredoxin reductase activity and antibody titer against sheep red blood cell. Conclusions Diet supplementation with SeNPs to provide 0.5 mg/kg of Se is recommended to reduce the AFB1 toxicosis in broiler quails.


Waveform distortion in general represents a widespread problem in electrified transports due to interference, service disruption, increased losses, and aging of components. Given the multitude of moving sources and the extremely variable operating conditions, short-time records must be considered for analysis, and this increases in turn its complexity, from which the need for effective automated processing, as offered by a deep learning (DL) approach. This article proposes an application of unsupervised DL to measurements of railway pantograph quantities to identify waveform distortion patterns. Data consist of pantograph current from a Swiss 15-kV 16.7-Hz railway system. Three DL input types are considered: waveforms, harmonic spectra, and supraharmonic spectra. The applied DL method applied is the deep autoencoder (DAE) followed by feature clustering, using techniques to define a suitable number of clusters. Short-term distortion is evaluated over sub-10-min intervals of harmonic and supraharmonic spectra down to subsecond intervals. Results are explained among others by connecting the distribution of the clusters (determined by the self-supervised method) to the dynamic operating conditions of the rolling stock. The resulting DAE performance is superior in terms of accuracy and comprehensiveness of spectral components compared to a more traditional principal component analysis (PCA) that was chosen as a reference for comparison.


Predicting the magnitude of time-dependent metabolic drug-drug (mDDIs) interactions involving cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) from in vitro data requires accurate knowledge of the metabolism of the substrate (fm), of the inactivation parameters of the inhibitor (KI, kinact), of the turnover of the enzyme (kdeg) in both gut and liver and an estimate of the inhibitor concentration ([I]) at the enzyme active site (1).


A series of catalysts made of tungsten oxide loaded on SiO2,γ-Al2O3,and SiO2-Al2O3 were tested for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. The catalysts were studied in detail by characterization of XRD,nitrogen adsorption measurement,Raman and NH3-TPD. The results indicate that tungsten oxide supported on SiO2-Al2O3 lead to the stronger and more acid sites,which appeared to be more effective for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. Among these catalysts,the catalyst of SiO2-Al2O3 supporting 8. 0% tungsten exhibited the highest activity for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol reaction,with the conversion of acetic acid being up to 69. 7%. Bulky crystalline WO3 loaded on SiO2-Al2O3 was to the disadvantage of improving the activity of esterification.


The mobile Internet has been used widely in Japan. If we use a cellular phone with the Q-R (Quick Response) code reader function (a two dimensional code developed by Denso-Wave Corporation) we can very easily access a web-site. However, though the existence of Q-R code reader function in the cellular phone is well known, not many people who use the function. The reason is that the Q-R code is not intuitive because it was developed to be read by machines. Our idea to solve the problem is to combine the Q-R code with a designed particular picture or graphic. We propose a method to produce the designed Q-R code and we develop its production system. This paper describes the proposed method, the production system and evaluation results using some designed Q-R codes produced by the system.


The reverberation room such as used for measurement of acoustic materials makes a very convenient laboratory for acoustic calibration of sound sources and microphones under random field conditions. The randomness of the sound field is maintained by having a large volume and by using rotating vanes, diffusing cylinders, and signals from a broad‐band noise or warble‐tone source. The total absorption of the sound in the room can be quickly measured for acoustic power determinations. Generally, only one reference microphone is needed, since the space variation of the sound field averaged with time does not exceed ±2 db above 100 cps and over most of the frequency region is less than ±0.5 db. Data will be presented on (1) the power and efficiency spectra of loud‐speakers, which check the free‐field integration within the error of free‐field measurements, (2) the random field calibration of microphones and sound level meters, (3) the measurement of the acoustic power spectra of noise sources such as fans, appli...


Uncertainty quantification of a spatially distributed variable at any scale can be handled through geostatistical simulation. Large computation time, storage, and post-processing of the realizations are required to obtain a final assessment of block uncertainty. Multi-Gaussian kriging is a flexible alternative to simulation. The idea is to compute the conditional distribution of uncertainty after normal score transformation of the original samples. Under the multiGaussian assumption, all marginal and conditional distributions are Gaussian, hence fully defined by their mean and variance. The parameters of the conditional distributions are obtained by simple kriging and can be back-transformed to the original units of the variable of interest. An estimate and any summary of uncertainty can be easily retrieved. The main disadvantage of performing multi-Gaussian kriging is that change of support is not straightforward, that is, calculating uncertainty of block grades. We propose a methodology to overcome this limitation by considering a matrix simulation to generate multiple probability fields. Each probability field is used to draw spatially correlated point values from the point-support conditional distributions, and multiple realizations of the average can be obtained. This permits the calculation of the average over the block and its uncertainty. These blocks may correspond to selective mining units or to volumes from longer production periods relevant for engineering decisions. They can even be disjoint blocks, such as when several faces are mined at the same time. POSTMG, a Fortran program to perform these calculations, is described and a case study is provided. Introduction Managing risk in mining projects requires assessing the uncertainty associated with production estimates. These estimates and their uncertainty can be computed through geostatistical simulation by creating multiple numerical models of the distribution of block grades that honour the local data and reproduce their spatial variability, and then assessing the variability in the average grade for the production period. The uncertainty in grade for monthly, quarterly, and yearly production helps in mine plan design to ensure a given metal production is quantified. When the models are large, computing time and storage may prohibit the use of simulation. This paper proposes an alternative approach to assess grade uncertainty over block volumes. Estimation methods such as indicator kriging and multi-Gaussian kriging allow assessment of uncertainty of the point grades, that is, we can define the probability of a point to have a grade large than a cutoff. However, determining the block grade uncertainty from the point grade uncertainty is not straightforward. We propose the local use of probability field simulation to account for the correlation existing between the points in the production volume of interest. The simulation works by generating multiple outcomes of the average grade over the volume and building its distribution of uncertainty. Confidence intervals can be computed and these can be used to define levels of certainty about the planned mineral production.


.................................................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 3 2.1 General Review of EEEV ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Diagnosis of EEEV ........................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 Ecology of EEEV ........................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Risk Models for EEEV .................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Seasonal Patterns of EEEV ............................................................................ 7 2.2 Soil Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Soil Moisture .................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 Drainage ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Soil Texture .................................................................................................. 11 2.2.4 Hydrologic Soil Group ................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 3: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................ 12 CHAPTER 4: STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 5: METHODS ............................................................................................................ 15 5.1 Data Collection ........................................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 EEE Horse Data ........................................................................................... 15 5.1.2 Soils Data ..................................................................................................... 17 5.1.3 Data Analysis ............................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 6: RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 19


The proliferation of a growing microbial colony is well characterized by the population growth rate. However, at the single-cell level, isogenic cells often exhibit different cell-cycle durations. For evolutionary dynamics, it is thus important to establish the connection between the population growth rate and the heterogeneous single-cell generation time. Existing theories often make the assumption that the generation times of mother and daughter cells are independent. However, it has been shown that to maintain a bounded cell size distribution, cells that grow exponentially at the single-cell level need to adopt cell size regulation, leading to a negative correlation of mother-daughter generation time. In this work, we construct a general framework to describe the population growth in the presence of size regulation. We derive a formula for the population growth rate, which only depends on the variability of single-cell growth rate, independent of other sources of noises. Our work shows that a population can enhance the population growth by reducing the growth rate variability, which may be the reason for the mild growth rate variability observed in many microorganisms.


The Stability against overturning problem of concrete continuous box girders with single- column pier is checked. And a static nonlinear method is adopted to simulate the actual overturning process,which provides a comparison to the result of checking calculation method.And then some suggestions are given for the further study and design.


This work presents a correlation between the behavior of formic acid oxidation (FAO) on various Bi-modified Pt(poly) disk electrodes and their morphologies observed on Bi-modified Pt(111) disk electrodes using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) to understand the effects of Bi on Pt. To distinguish the FAO activities of Bi on Pt and plain Pt around Bi, additional Pt was intentionally deposited using two different routes: direct route and iodine route. In direct route, Pt was directly deposited on Bi islands and plain Pt sites around Bi islands, while in iodine route, Pt was exclusively deposited on Bi islands by protecting plain Pt sites with adsorbed iodine. Thus, a comparison of FAO performances on the two Bi-modified Pt electrodes with additional Pt (deposited in the different ways) disclosed a difference in FAO performances on plain Pt sites and Bi islands. When Bi coverage was ~0.04, the Bi deposits were scattered Bi islands enhancing FAO on Pt(poly). The additional Pt deposits using direct route increased FAO efficiency, while the ones using iodine route slightly decreased FAO current. The EC-STM observations indicated that Pt deposits around Bi islands, not on Bi islands, were responsible for the FAO current increase on Bi-modified Pt(poly). The FAO efficiency on Bi-modified Pt(poly) with a Bi coverage of ~0.25 increased by a factor of 2. However, the additional Pt deposits using the two Pt deposition routes notably decreased the FAO current. The dependency of FAO on Bi coverage was discussed in terms of electronic effect and ensemble effect.


The invention provides a computer unit capable of locking a screen, a screen locking method and a storage medium. The computer unit comprises a display unit and a processing unit. The display unit displays either a locking picture or a program picture of an assigned program in use. The processing unit receives a locking instruction of a locking program of the computer unit so as to control the assigned program to be in use, controls the display unit to only display the program picture, and controls the display unit to only display the locking picture when the assigned program is not in use. In this way, the computer unit capable of locking the screen, the locking method and the storage medium can maintain data security and usage convenience of the computer unit.


The present article deals with the inverse problem for linear elliptic systems of first-order equations with Riemann–Hilbert-type map in multiply connected domains. First, the formulation and the complex form of the problem for the systems are given, and then the existence and global uniqueness of solutions for the above problem are proved by a complex analytic method.


Abstract The compound 3,3′-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-bis(4-hydroxy-2H-1- benzopyran-2-one) (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with cell constants a = 16.859(4), b = 6.1624(15), c = 25.164(4) Å , β = 98.019(19)°. The two 4-hydroxycoumarin fragments are intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded between hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The pH-dependent color changes of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives were studied by means of potentiometric and spectrophotometric titration. On the basis of the results obtained, the use of 3,3′-[(4-hydroxy-3- methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylene]-bis(4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) as an indicator in alkalimetry and acidimetry is proposed.


The aim of this work was to compare leaching and potential groundwater contamination in soil under no-tillage and conventional tillage. This experiment was carried out in field conditions and soil columns, using an Oxisol under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems in Dourados, MS, Brazil. The determination of the hydraulic conductivity and matrix flux potential, with the use of a Guelph permeameter in the NT, showed a continue flow of water into the soil. Greater conductivity found in the surface soil, associated with the negative matrix flux potential, showed the discontinued hydraulic conductivity, when comparing subsurface layers, in the CT in relation to NT. However, NT resulted in less vertical displacement of atrazine than CT. The largest atrazine losses by leaching occurred more intensely after the first rainfall that followed the product application. Greater atrazine concentrations were retained in NT soil than in CT soil. This resulted in low levels of leaching from the NT soil, which indicates that no-tillage technology can reduce the environmental impact of pesticides.


Transformation of business models using digital technologies is depicted by the European Green Deal (EC, 2019) as a key factor in achieving sustainability goals. For the business environment, the digitalization of organizations entails changes in the accounting functions, correlated with the increase in the volume and nature of managed data. In this paper, we analyse the impact of digital technologies in the field of accounting. We also investigate the degree of adequacy of the Romanian higher education system to the educational needs associated with the digital skills required of professional accountants from different generations. We use data collected from the curricula of business bachelor's programs from the four largest university cities in Romania. Results illustrate the universities' potential for training specialists to assimilate and steer the digital transformation of the accounting profession.


Most humans do not only have a preferred hand to use in different situations, they also exhibit a clear preference when it comes to eye usage. Few studies have assessed whether different tests of e ...


In order to understand the pollution current situation and degree of the soil heavy metal (the lead , cadmium , zinc , chromium ) of tunnel constructing area, Sampling to analyse to this district soil , the result indicates that this district soil has not been influenced. But Cd reach pollution warning level in 10th kind order hit. And some hit heavy metal content turn relatively heavy in some order hits closing from abandon dreg piling up field.IT shoud be noteworthy.


The installation of high-voltage cables using trenchless technology has become extremely desirable in many urban or suburban locations because: trenching in areas with many subsurface utilities is slow and requires careful excavation to avoid damaging the existing services; interference with the existing services may require the cable to be installed at depths up to 20 feet below grade, the cost and time for open-cut trenching increases rapidly with increases in depth; trenching and surface restoration can be very costly, and the community disruption causes public dissatisfaction; in some cases, tunneling augering, etc., is required to install cable below obstacles where open-trench installation is neither practical, nor permitted. For these reasons, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BG and E), Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) requested that a design guide be developed for installation of duct encased high-voltage cables using trenchless methods. The scope of the design guide was limited to 4 voltage levels (13, 34, 69, and 115 kV) and configurations. The purpose of these guidelines is to summarize important design parameters and assist in selecting the ideal duct configuration and equipment for construction in a typical urban/suburban environment. 27 figs., 26 tabs.


Do women and men use language in different ways? In what ways does language-in structure, content, and daily usage-reflect and help constitute sexual inequality? How can sexist language be changed? Such questions are central to a rapidly growing field which traverses linguistics, speech communication and physiology, anthropology, psychology, sociology, literature, literary criticism, education, and feminist writing. Since the new wave of feminism drew attention to the neglected topic of language and the sexes, there has been a burst of interest and research. At least six books have been published since 1975;1 new crossdisciplinary networks of scholars have evolved; there have been special conferences and sessions of annual meetings devoted to the topic; and, since January 1976, a newsletter has reported ongoing research and new publications.2


Abstract A study was conducted in northwestern Zaire during the beginning of the dry season (December 1994) at a specific ranch to determine the crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and mineral content of the principal pasture forages. This region is located in Zaire at 4°36'N latitude and 20°28'E longitude. Average rainfall is 1695 mm a year and mean monthly temperature is 25.5°C. Soils are red lateritic clays. Thirty forage samples were collected at 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐week regrowths of Imperata cylindrica and Savanna Stylosanthes (excluding 2‐week age) from low and high elevation grazing areas. Eighteen soil samples and a mineral supplement fed to cattle (primarily N'dama breeding) were collected for analysis. There were decreases (PO.05) in IVOMD as plants matured and deficiencies of protein, sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) at 4 weeks of regrowth. The mineral mixture fed to cattle provided less than 1% of the requirements for the deficient minerals....


Purpose

– The paper aims to evaluate different artificial neural network models and to suggest a suitable model for forecasting inflation in G-7 countries.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study applies different combinations of neural networks with hyperbolic tangent function using backpropagation learning with the steepest gradient descent technique to monthly data on Consumer Price Index (a measure of inflation) of the USA, the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada.

Findings

– Predictions of inflation based on the Consumer Price Index for all the seven countries divulged that it is expected that the rate of inflation will decline marginally in the near future.

Practical implications

– The results proposed in this study will be a benchmark for policy-makers, economists and practitioners to forecast inflation and design policies accordingly.

Originality/value

– The paper's findings provide strong evidence for policy-makers that while constructing models for forecasting inflation, the suggested models can be used to track the future rates of inflation and, further, they can apply that model in framing policies.


Legal protection is needed for Indonesia women who married foreign citizens
men and children born of such marriages different nationalities. According Act No.
62 of 1958 about the citizenship status of the wives of Republic of Indonesia appears
to be aligned with the position of her husband. And the child does not have the right
to determine their own citizenship. This resulted in the existence of discriminatory
treatment for wives. so that it can be said of Act 62 of 1958 no less legal protection
for women and children Indonesia birth.
Act. No. 12 year 2006 about the citizenship status of the wives of Republic of
Indonesia in substance far more advanced and democratic than the old one of law
citizenship. This is because Act. No. 12 in 2006 to accommodate its creation has
thoughts that lead to granting legal protection to women and children of mixed
marriages. Act No. 12 year 2006 were considered to be discriminatory because it is
based on the principle of equality, so in accordance with human rights and the
Constitution 1945.
In practices, the government should guarantee that it's easy for every citizen,
especially women and children whom born of mixed marriages in exercising their
rights and obligations as citizens of Indonesia in accordance with the applicable rules.


What is life like after drift-cocaine arrives in a village on Colombia's Northern Pacific coast? Drift-cocaine is a side-effect of the interdiction of drug transport boats heading towards Central and North America as part of the US-Colombian War on Drugs. Villagers refer to drift-cocaine as the White Fish. Through ethnographic engagement with Afro-descendant peoples in Chocó, this article explores the effects and relations that emerge from an ocean turned into an amphitheatre of fishing livelihoods, drug traffickers, and military operations. By taking seriously the White Fish as the way people refer to cocaine, I focus on gossip and rumour as the strategies they employ to discuss the pervasive effects of the drug trade. I trace three interrelated discussions – concerning violence, cocaine, and the White Fish – in order to argue for the usefulness of gossip and rumour in investigative ethnographies of violence.


The following is an interview with Australian live art collective Brown Council. Formed in 2007, the group has developed an extensive portfolio of interdisciplinary artworks – including video, live performance, and gallery installations – that fuse high and low art traditions in order to critique arts histories, gender, and feminine identity. The discussion below focuses on the company's appropriation and re-working of popular culture forms and the critical possibilities this provides for them and their audiences.


Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine | Vol. 27: Issue 3 | July-September, 2012 211 joints showed focal hot spot in medial condyle of left femur corresponding to the femoral insertion site of ACL. Repeat MRI [Figure 3] showed high signal intensity involving mid substance ACL with disruption of fibers suggestive of ACL tear with anterior translation of tibia. Further, patient underwent arthroscopic examination [Figure 4] and the retracted stump of the native ACL was visualized.


Exact string matching is the problem of finding all occurrences of a pattern P in a text T. The problem is well-known and many sophisticated algorithms have been proposed. Some fast exact string matching algorithms have been described since the 80s (e.g., the Boyer-Moore algorithm and its simplified version the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm). They have been regarded as the standard benchmarks for the practical exact string search literature. In this paper, we propose two algorithms MSBM (Max-Shift BM) and MSH (Max-Shift BMH) both based on the combination of the bad-character rule of the right-most character used in the Boyer-Moore-Horspool algorithm, the extended bad-character rule and the good-suffix rule used in the Gusfield algorithm, which is a modification of the Boyer-Moore algorithm. Only a small extra space and preprocessing time are needed with respect to the BM and BMH algorithms. Nonetheless, empirical results on different data (DNA, Protein and Text Web) with different pattern lengths show that both MSBM and MSH are very fast in practice. MSBM algorithm usually won against other algorithms.


The Nightingale and the Rose,as one of the most outstanding fairy tales of Oscar Wilde,tells about a story of a nightingale who exchanges her singing and life for a red rose. In this essay,the concept of"semiotic"and"symbolic"in semiotics theory of Julia Kristeva will be used to analyze the plot and the characters in the story under the social background at that period. The conflict between the"semiotic"and"symbolic"as well as Wilde's aspiration towards semiotic world will be displayed.


The development objective of the Trade Logistics Project for Ethiopia is to enhance the performance of the Ethio-Djibouti corridor through improvements in operational capacity, efficiency, and range of logistics services at the Modjo Dry Port. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size under the zoning law or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status; (2) cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land or asset, equivalent to equivalent to ten times (ten years) the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land; (3) cash compensation at full replacement cost based on type, age, and productive value of affected trees; (4) rehabilitation assistance (assistance with job placement, skills training); and (5) relocation assistance (costs of shifting and assistance in re-establishing economic trees and allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short - term crops mature).


Sweet syndrome (SS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by erythematous, painful nodules or plaques in patients with fever, leukocytosis, and


Monitoring subsurface fluid flow is crucial for optimizing geothermal energy production. The Lightning Dock Geothermal field (LDG) is located on the east side of Animas Valley in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, USA. LDG geothermal wells produce from fractures within the intersection of buried normal faults, as revealed by drilling and previous seismic traveltime tomography and gravity inversion. During July to August, 2020, Zanskar deployed a large-N nodal array consisting of 1,206 seismic geophones centered around the LDG production and injection region to acquire continuous passive seismic data. We first update the velocity model using an adjoint-state first-arrival traveltime tomography using several borehole string shot data acquired at LDG. We then apply a frequency-domain full-wavefield passive seismic imaging method to the acquired long-duration passive seismic data to image the subsurface fluid-flow pathways at LDG and their temporal changes. Our tomography and passive imaging results reveal high-resolution time-lapse geothermal fluid pathway images at LDG. We analyze the temporal-spatial relationships between the imaged flow pathways and geothermal production activities at LDG using these imaging results. Our imaging results provide valuable information for understanding the geothermal resource and current fluid pathways and FOR siting new wells at LDG.


CONTEXT
Multidrug-resistant organisms continue to be a problem for clinicians worldwide.

AIMS
To analyze the changing trend of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the blood isolates over a period of 4 years in our hospital.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This is a retrospective study done in tertiary care cardiac institute over a period of 4 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed blood culture positive isolates and studied the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of microorganisms during the period starting from January 2007 to December 2010.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for windows version 13.0. Fisher exact test or chi-square test was applied for comparison of categorical variables. P values less than .05 were considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS
The rate of blood culture positivity was 3.72%. Gram-negative bacteria were more common than Gram-positive bacteria. There was a gradual increase in Gram-negative bacteria especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter species. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a significant increase of resistance to cefoperazone sulbactam (P = .023), piperacillin tazobactam (P < 0.001), imipenem (P < 0.001), and meropenem (P < 0.001) between the first (2007-2008) and second period (2009-2010) of study. The carbapenems resistance is on rise in Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that there is a definite increase in the multidrug resistant organisms. The data on the changing trends in antibiotic resistance, we believe is an important pillar in our efforts at improving infection control practices.


To balance the performance of algorithm and running time,this paper proposes a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on neighborhood list whose structure is similar with that of adjacent list in graph theory.Considering the crowding degree and distance,this measure assigns diversity fitness by the neighboring relation of solutions,and adjusts the list by fitness to select the environment efficient.By examining three performance metrics on seven test problems,the new algorithm can converge to the true Pareto front fast,and has a good distribution at the same time.


Halifax's peculiar geographical and political position, being both central, to Nova Scotia, and peripheral, as colony and then as province. One particularly engaging theme is the relationship between judging and politics, or, more accurately, judging and its accountability to particular audiences, which emerges in many, if not most of the essays and most explicitly in the two overviews. The essays collectively illuminate both how the judges understood their roles in the colonial and then federal schema, and, to a lesser extent, how different social forces pushed them to alter their views. The judicial bastions of imperial order of the late eighteenth century responded quite differently to the demands of American Loyalists than did (ultimately) the late twentieth-century court to the debacle of the wrongful murder conviction of Donald Marshall, a member of the Mi'kmaq First Nation. Elements in the transition include the reforms of the 1830s and 1840s, the process of confederation, the emergence of an independent judiciary and bar, and the rise of formalism in the late nineteenth century. One may hope that twentieth-century shifts in jurisprudential approaches and perceptions of social justice, touched on to some degree by Brown and Girard, will eventually get the full attention they too deserve. The least satisfactory aspect of reviewing a book like this is being entirely unable to do justice to the impressive depth of the research, to the details unearthed by these scholars on the challenges to the court's everyday functioning, to its crises, to the complex interplay of personal, educational, social and jurisprudential influences on the judges, to the jurisprudence they developed in the multiplicity of cases they dealt with over 250 years. Let it be said, therefore, that this book will reward both those interested in particular aspects of Nova Scotia history and those who are interested in more broad, thematic questions about courts and their development in the colonial and post-colonial context, particularly in the place that has become Canada, with all its diverse influences and homegrown propensities.


Metallic thermal protection systems are being considered for next-generation reusable launch vehicles. Experiments and numerical simulations show that heated metallic panels expand from the structure to create a quilt-like flow surface that alters the expected surface heating distribution. To model the thermal response of a metallic panel, this paper presents a two-dimensional boundary element procedure that is loosely coupled to a hypersonic computational fluid dynamics algorithm to solve coupled steady-state and transient heat conduction. First, the flowfield and internal temperature distribution of ceramic wing leading edge in a Mach 15 freestream is computed. Steady-state results are consistent with previous finite difference and finite element calculations. Transient computations show the peak temperature to occur at steady-state conditions. Second, the flowfield and resulting transient heat transfer is computed for convex and concave metallic panels. It is demonstrated that a transient conduction solution for a deformed metallic panel can be approximated by imposing the heat fluxes generated from a deformed surface flow solution onto an undeformed panel.


AbstractThis article considers the effects of North Sea exploitation on the environment, both in the mainland and in islands, and the converse eftects of the environment on exploitation. It discusses the extremely exacting North sea environment in its effect on operational safety, both human and structural. It deals with the problems of North Sea pollution, whether by oil itself or by various forms of waste discharge from land. It looks at traditional and modern sea uses, and emphasizes the different forms of cooperation, both national and international, that are needed. The new problems arising from hydrocarbon exploitation in the North Sea exemplify a larger theme: the importance and tbe feasibility, of reconciling the numerous different sea uses, old and new, within a concept of Multiple Sea Use. This is akin to the concept of Multiple and Use which play an important part in modern town and country planning.


Workplace influences on Chinese Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) academics' development as researchers were examined in two Chinese higher education institutions in this qualitative collective case study. Data sources included research documentation and interviews with 12 Chinese TEFL academics. Both institutions were keen on research capacity building, but they accorded different attention to TEFL academics' research.


We describe a case of 40-year old patient with chronic, resistant to treatment hypokalaemia. Differential diagnosis of renal potassium loss among Gitelman's syndrome, Bartter's syndrome and loop diuretic abuse was made.


To a vertical tubular bag machine (1) which on one side (32) two film edges (9), be able to produce flat lofted bag (31) of a filling pipe (7) deflecting the spreading elements (13), it is proposed that the filling tube ( 7) (at its opposite side 33) has a rounding (15) that (in the film transport direction 16) arranged downstream of the spreader elements (13) (between the edges 14) from the outside engaging side fold generators (17) is provided that below the filling tube (7) directly above the transverse welding device (10) three with the filling tube (7) connected Schlauchauslenker (18, 19) are provided, with one Schlauchauslenker (18) deflected from the hose inside forth against one of a spreading element (13) edge (14) and the third acts Schlauchauslenker (19) from the hose inside forth the area located on the opposite side (20) of the film tube (8) deflects outwardly to a third Kant e (22) of the film tube (8) to generate said three edges (14, 22) directly following its generation unwelded in the transverse welding device (10) enter. A finished bag (31) can be placed on its edge (14).


Abstract: The serine protease inhibitor α1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT) consistently colocalizes with amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may contribute to the generation of amyloid proteins and/or physically affect fibril assembly. AD amyloid fibrils are composed primarily of Aβ, which is a proteolytic fragment of the larger β‐amyloid precursor protein. Using negative‐stain and immunochemical electron microscopy, we have investigated the binding of ACT to the fibrils formed by four synthetic Aβ analogues corresponding to the wild‐type human 1–40 sequence [HWt(1–40)], a 1–40 peptide [HDu(1–40)] containing the Glu22→ Gln mutation found in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type, the N‐terminal 1–28 residues [β(1–28)], and an internal fragment of Aβ containing residues 11–28 [β(11–28)]. Each of these peptide analogues assembled into 70–90‐Å‐diameter fibrils resembling native amyloid and, except for β(11–28), bound ACT, as indicated by the appearance of 80–100‐Å globular particles that adhered to preformed fibrils and that could be decorated with anti‐ACT antibodies. Under the conditions used, ACT binding destabilized the in vitro fibrils and produced a gradual dissolution of the macromolecular assemblies into constituent filaments and shorter fragments. The internal fragment (11–28) did not exhibit ACT binding or any structural changes. These results suggest that a specific sequence likely contained within the N‐terminal 10 residues of Aβ is responsible for the formation of the ACT‐amyloid complex. Although the observed fibril disassembly is surprising in view of the notion that ACT contributes directly to the physical process involved in amyloid fibril formation, the induced structural changes may expose new domains in Aβ for additional proteolysis or for interactions with cell‐surface receptors.


This paper presents a technical scheme for the integrating of all types of strategic and tactical C4ISR systems through special satellite communication network and proposes information collection and distribution integrating networking scheme. The implementations of compatibility and interoperability of integrated system is described, and also anti-jamming features, covertness, and nuclear survivability are discussed.


A new 3-phase voltage disturbance generator is proposed. The voltage drop of the conventional generator in normal mode can be reduced significantly. The output voltage of the proposed generator is constant in normal mode and the efficiency of the series transformer is improved. The proposed generator has good feature of simple structure, cost effective implementation, high reliability, high efficiency, and easy control. The usefulness of the scheme is verified through simulation and experiments.


The invention discloses a clay load transition metal catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The clay load transition metal catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70.0 to 99.0 percent of clay catalyst carrier and 1.0 to 30.0 percent of catalytic active component. The preparation method of the clay load transition metal catalyst comprises the following steps of: combining a reactive substance and the clay catalyst carrier; and then loading a transition metal compound. The clay load transition metal catalyst provided by the invention has a spherical particle apparent form; and the catalytic active component is positioned in gaps among clay layers and is distributed inside and outside clay load transition metal catalyst particles uniformly.


This study analysed the levels of some heavy metals like copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium(Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) present in selected food spices widely used in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and wet digestion was used for analysis. The results revealed different concentrations of heavy metals in the food spices analysed. The mean and standard deviation of heavy metals across the samples revealed that copper had the highest concentration in tomatoes (15.45±5.09 mg/Kg), curry (10.30±2.03 mg/Kg), garlic (8.65±2.08 mg/Kg), onions (6.50±2.52 mg/Kg) and uda (6.15±3.75 mg/Kg) respectively. Chromium was only detected in curry (2.75±1.00 mg/Kg), pepper (0.65±0.02 mg/Kg) and salt (0.05±0.00 mg/kg). The detected level of nickel was high in tomatoes (6.90±4.89 mg/Kg), curry (4.09±1.90 mg/Kg), salt (6.15±3.70 mg/Kg) and onions (3.09±2.10 mg/Kg). Lead occurred more in Original Research Article Okwelle and Mac-Pepple; CJAST, 39(30): 61-69, 2020; Article no.CJAST.55422 62 uda (3.08±2.87 mg/Kg), tomatoes (3.80±1.28 mg/Kg), curry (2.86±1.34 mg/Kg) and salt (2.60±0.76 mg/Kg) respectively. Cadmium was not detected in any of the food spices, while in chilles spice no heavy metals was detected. The daily intake limit was calculated and compared with minimum risk level (MRL) values. The concentrations of lead in some of the food spices were much larger than those of MRL values. The regular consumption of the spices can lead to accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in human beings.


A straight-forward computer simulation technique is presented for determining the spatial intensity distribution that can be expected when a rough object is illuminated with partially coherent light. The technique is useful for problems in which the illumination source is a laser whose spectral content can be described as a sum of delta function components. Laboratory and computer simulation results that illustrate illumination coherence effects on imagery obtained with the method known as imaging correlography are presented.


Brightness control of lighting devices is described by phase-up or phase-control with extension capability. The essence of the invention is that the brightness control at the main office and extension a rotary actuator is provided, which is designed as an incremental encoder or as Endlospotentiometer.


A simple and accurate colorimetric method has been developed for the estimation of Betahistin dihydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Aceclofenac was a colorimetric method based on oxidation-reduction reaction and indirect method. In this method cerric ammonium sulphate has been used for Aceclofenac , in excess amount in presence of sulphuric acid. Remaining amount of oxidizing agents oxidizes standard amount of crystal violet which produces violet color. Absorbance maxima were found to be 585 nm. Linearity range was found 2-18 µg/ml of drug concentration respectively. The method has been validated according to ICH Guidelines.


The energy asymmetry associated with hydrogen atom transfer in the O–H⋯O hydrogen bond of crystalline 4-chlorobenzoic acid has been determined from the temperature dependence of the hydrogen atom site occupancy factors, refined using single-crystal neutron diffraction data; the energy asymmetry (ΔH°/R) is estimated to be 200 ± 15 K, a factor of ca. 2.6 greater than the value obtained for benzoic acid.


It is important for increasing the properties of amplifier to reduce noise. The noise cannot be reduced to the desired result only through theoretically designing electric circuit. In this paper, a method was applied to reduce the noise by analyzing the main noise resource affecting the audio amplifier.


Friction stir welding (FSW) was invented in early 1990s [1] and is now applied widely for joining of aluminiun alloys [2]. Although many aspects of FSW have been studied extensively, joint microstructures formed during friction stir lap welding (FSLW) and how the joints behave under loading need further understanding for a wider application of FSLW particularly in automotive and aerospace industries. Figure 1a illustrates FSLW during which a section of lapping surfaces of the top and bottom plates is stirred and mixed in the lower stir zone (SZ) thus forming a weld behind the tool. The joint features, depending on whether the jointing alloys are similar or dissimilar, are shown in Figure 1b and 1c. For the latter case, the lower stir zone is a mix of the two alloys for FSLW of dissimilar alloys, thus named mixed stir zone (MSZ). During similar alloys FSLW, material deformation/flow affects the un-welded original lapping interface (referred to as unwelded lap) on both the retreating side and the advancing side. On advancing side of SZ and behind the tool, material flow can drive the material upward and thus a portion of the un-welded lap curves (hooks) up, forming a hook, as indicated in Figure 1b). The hook can be viewed as a crack that may orientate more favourably for crack growth under loading in service. In the studies of hooking and its effect on joint properties, a hook size (h) refers to the vertical distance of the hook [3-7]. Recently, we [8] have conducted a study of FSLW of aluminium to aluminium alloy (Alto-Al) illustrating that, not only h, but the shape and the continuity of a hook can also influence the fracture strength significantly. FS heat results in softening in various regions of the weld zone. In our recent study [8], the relative roles of hooking and strength property distribution (affected by the thermal cycle during FSLW) affecting the weld strength have been explained for Al-to-Al welds. Furthermore, that referred study has also explained that stress distribution during the commonly used tensile-shear test of FSL welds is highly non-uniform. Our study on FSLW had earlier also extended to magnesium to magnesium alloy (Mg-to-Mg) [9]. The study has suggested that although these is a similarity in the general trend of rotation speed (ω) and forward speed (v) affecting h for both Al-to-Al and Mgto-Mg FSLW the effects of hooking on fracture strengths of the welds are significantly different. Hooking features rather than just h of Mg-to-Mg FSL welds had however not been discussed in our previous work and these features have thus far not been described in a sufficient detail in literature. For lightweight construction, particularly in aerospace industry, welding of aluminium alloy to titanium alloy (Al-to-Ti) in lap Friction Stir Lap Welding of Light Alloys


Aim at the problem for how to analyze the propensity to spread of shortage of supplies in emergency logistics decision support system,this paper proposed a new model to study the propensity to spread of shortage of supplies for emergency logistics network. This paper,by the mechanism of viral spreading and introducing the parameter of time " t",it constructed SI-SIRS( susceptible infective and susceptible infective recover susceptible) model to analyze the scale-free network which included 61 nodes. Case analysis shows that SIRS effectively depicts the spread behavior of shortage of supplies in emergency logistics network. Propensities to spread of shortage of supplies are effected by node self-spread ability,network topology,individual nodes differences and responding mechanism of emergency logistics.


The authors have used LASNEX modelling, which matches most current experiments, to study the scaling of high-Z laser-target interactions to the higher laser energies and longer pulses appropriate to future inertial fusion targets. Results are presented for the irradiation of gold disk targets with 0.26 μm light at a normal incident intensity of 3 × 1014W·cm−2 and incident energy varying from 102J to 107J. For both low- and high-energy cases, steep plasma profiles develop near the critical density of the laser light. In the absence of filamentation, the combination of large electron density gradients at densities substantially below the critical density and strong collisionality due to the high-Z plasma appears to suppress stimulated Raman backscattering and the 2ωpe instability. There is some possibility of stimulated Raman sidescatter in the high-energy case. Using one-dimensional plasma contours, filament generation is strongest at early times for the 107 J case, and weak at all times for the 102 J case. The radiation emission is largely generated near the critical surface, and the conversion efficiencies are of the order of 0.6 and constant to within ±0.1. There is weak variation with energy in global flow parameters.


Abstract: This study used the rat hippocampal slice preparation and the monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate (4‐CIN), to assess the obligatory role that lactate plays in fueling the recovery of synaptic function after hypoxia upon reoxygenation. At a concentration of 500 µM, 4‐CIN blocked lactate‐supported synaptic function in hippocampal slices under normoxic conditions in 15 min. The inhibitor had no effect on glucose‐supported synaptic function. Of control hippocampal slices exposed to 10‐min hypoxia, 77.8 ± 6.8% recovered synaptic function after 30‐min reoxygenation. Of slices supplemented with 500 µM 4‐CIN, only 15 ± 10.9% recovered synaptic function despite the large amount of lactate formed during the hypoxic period and the abundance of glucose present before, during, and after hypoxia. These results indicate that 4‐CIN, when present during hypoxia and reoxygenation, blocks lactate transport from astrocytes, where the bulk of anaerobic lactate is formed, to neurons, where lactate is being utilized aerobically to support recovery of function after hypoxia. These results unequivocally validate that brain lactate is an obligatory aerobic energy substrate for posthypoxia recovery of function.


As in other areas of the body, developmental anomalies of the eye arise as a result of the disturbance of events during embryology and in a proportion of cases these anomalies are genetically inherited. Developmental anomalies that occur early in embryonic life may be so severe that the embryo may not survive but others result in the birth of healthy babies but with developmental eye defects of varying severity. The most dramatic developmental defects of the eye include anophthalmos (complete absence of an eye), microphthalmos (a general failure of the eye to develop resulting in a small, undeveloped eye), coloboma (caused by failure of the optic vesicle to invaginate), and aniridia (complete or partial loss of the iris). The present article does not provide an exhaustive review of the topic but considers the major types of developmental anomaly to affect the eye and will discuss how recent progress in genetics has increased our understanding of these disorders. The major genes linked to the developmental anomalies are discussed as well as how defects in these genes might lead to specific problems.


A moderate dose of alcohol had an adverse effect, the rate of consumption had little effect, and instructions concerning the alcohol content of the beverage consumed had no effect, on motor performance.


It is unclear whether cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophy‐related pathways will be induced by long‐term intermittent hypoxia. Thirty‐six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: normoxia, and long‐term intermittent hypoxia (12% O2, 8 h per day) for 4 weeks (4WLTIH) or for 8 weeks (8WLTIH). Myocardial morphology, trophic factors and signalling pathways in the three groups were determined by heart weight index, histological analysis, Western blotting and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction from the excised left ventricle. The ratio of whole heart weight to body weight, the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight, the gross vertical cross‐section of the heart and myocardial morphological changes were increased in the 4WLTIH group and were further augmented in the 8WLTIH group. In the 4WLTIH group, tumour necrosis factor‐α(TNFα), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II, phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (P38), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)‐1 and STAT‐3 were significantly increased in the cardiac tissues. However, in the 8WLTIH group, in addition to the above factors, interleukin‐6, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK)5 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)5 were significantly increased compared with the normoxia group. We conclude that cardiac hypertrophy associated with TNFα and IGF‐II was induced by intermittent hypoxia. The longer duration of intermittent hypoxia further activated the eccentric hypertrophy‐related pathway, as well as the interleukin 6‐related MEK5–ERK5 and STAT‐3 pathways, which could result in the development of cardiac dilatation and pathology.


This paper has highlighted the importance of reducing postharvest food losses as a necessary step in ensuring future global food security in a sustainable manner. Given the postharvest challenges posed by lack of understanding of postharvest losses, food safety and the non-controlling of aflatoxin cannot be achieved merely through increases in agricultural productivity. There have been very few past studies conducted to estimate food losses. The existing studies have been mostly one-off and do not adopt any consistent methodologies. Methodology assessment identified include-specific food loss assessment consideration-rapid laboratory based procedure, rapid judgement based procedure guesstimate, traditional local estimate, vissloss estimate and on-site expert judgements. Other loss measurement techniques include weight comparisons, separation of damaged kernels and percentage determination. While the African Postharvest Losses Information System has recently made an effort to provide a framework to calculate food losses using a common methodology for south and east Africa, the input used in this process is based on work which may be outdated or not directly relevant. Therefore, it is critical that a more broader and updated effort be implemented to improve the ability to estimate postharvest food losses. The paper outlines a framework which can be adopted for consistent estimation of postharvest losses.


Following legalization of abortion in the U.S., dramatic declines were noted in infant mortality, deaths and complications from illegal abortions, rates of illegitimate births, and numbers of newborns abandoned for adoption. It is believed that improved quality of and access to medical care and more widespread use of family planning services also contributed to these declines. Restrictions on government funding for abortions may reverse these gains; that will depend on the alternatives women with unwanted pregnancies choose. It is predicted that a restriction of public money for legal abortion will cause increased maternal mortality, lead to a rise in the birth of defective fetuses, and cause teenage childbearing to rise. Adverse physical and psychological sequelae to abortion have not been found to occur. It is urged that the medical and social barriers for poor women to obtain abortions not be rebuilt.


The aim of the study is to identify the prerequisites and peculiarities of the inter-influence of "Wafk al-murad fi ma yahtaj ilayhi al-'ibad" ("The correspondence to the desired subject, which the God's servant needs"), the work of the well-known Muslim jurist of the 15th century, Sheikh Ahmad al-Yamani with the Dagestan Arabic-language literature and with the development of Islam in Dagestan in general.Methods. Comparative historical, juxtaposition, observation and description, studying the original scripts of Arabic-language literature, analysis, translation.Results. The author considers and researcheas the features of Ahmad al-Yamani's work "Wafk-al-murad" and its general features with the works of other authors of Dagestan and Oriental Arabic-language literature. For the first time in this paper the abridged presentation of each section of "Wafk al-murad" work in Russian translation is given.Conclusions. The appeal to the study of Ahmad al-Yamani's work allows showing the significance of the Arabic-language literature in forming the Muslim legal sense among the Dagestan peoples then.


This paper presents the study of a long electric arc in free air due to lightning stroke on the parallel gap lightning protection device (PGLPD) on high-voltage overhead transmission lines. Based on the latest electric arc model, the analysis method of the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the PGLPD, electric arc, transmission lines, steel tower, and ground wires is developed, and the movement process of the long arc along the surface of the insulator strings is simulated. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. The study is very helpful for the optimal design and suitable assemblage of the PGLPD


Objective To introduce biological features, classification, distribution of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the influence on brain HSPs of some stress factors, and prospects of the application. Methods To analyze,clear up, summarize the data by searching for correlative references.Results The HSP was one of the highest conserved stress protein produced by organism in abnormal situation,which existed widely in organism.Conclusion The brain HSP is specific protein which can protect cell and play an important role in growth, development, differentiation and other physiological activities.


1. Needles were gathered from six crown areas on five trees of pond pine, Pinus rigida var. serotina, each representing a different age class. 2. A pronounced variation was found in the number of resin canals per needle as related to tree age. This variation was closely allied to growth rate as measured in secondary-wood increment. 3. Needles from the upper portions of the crown had more canals than those from the lower branches. 4. Needles from the north side of the crown had a slightly higher average number of canals than those from the south side.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the risk factors related to group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization in pregnant women on admission in labor

MATERIAL AND METHOD
From the 1st-30th October 2004, at the Rajavithi Hospital, 320 pregnant women, who fulfilled the specified criteria, were selected for a cross-sectional descriptive study. Swabs were cultured from the lower vagina and anorectum for GBS using Todd-Hewitt broth with nalidixic acid 15 microg/ml and gentamicin 8 microg/ml only.

RESULTS
Colonization was present in 58 cases (18.12%). The risk factor for GBS colonization was an older mean maternal age and a lower mean gestational age. No mothers or neonates during the study period developed a clinical infection from GBS.

CONCLUSION
The risk factors for GBS colonization in pregnant women were older maternal age and lower gestational age.


The multisystem, autoimmune nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its broad spectrum of presenting clinical manifestations are explored in detail in this chapter. Important comorbidities and associations between SLE and the antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy are also discussed. The chapter details the various autoantibodies associated with the disease, along with their prevalence and associated clinical features. In addition, it provides a detailed review of the management of SLE, starting from conservative measures through to disease-modifying, immunosuppressive therapy to plasma exchange and stem cell transplantation. Novel therapeutic agents are also summarized, along with a note on prognosis. The chapter includes a section on childhood and neonatal SLE, covering presentation, relevant investigations, and treatment.


late 1950s. The twenty-year decline in military capabilities is not explained entirely by the material and technological state of Chinese society, Joffe argues, but also by the policies of the Maoist leadership. Nuclear weapons aside, the Maoist legacy was one of retarded development and deterioration in most of the areas that contribute to an effective combat force. Not the least of these is a technically competent and professional officer corps. The erosion of professionalism was vividly highlighted by the PLA's political involvement in the Cultural Revolution. Joffe gives a succinct but thorough assessment of the post-1978 reforms and modernization programs in the armed forces and the defense industrial base. He is careful to place these policies within both the leadership's perception of China's threat environment and the logic that led to greater emphasis on improving the technical and professional qualities of the officer corps than on the modernization of military hardware. Economic and technological constraints severely reduce China's ability to purchase or build advanced weapons and equipment, and the low technological state of the armed forces hampers the military's ability to absorb such equipment. China has been incapable of quickly integrating high-technology hardware into its deployed forces or of maintaining and using it effectively, even if it were introduced. Improvements in weapons and equipment are now being sought in a more modest but self-sustainable manner. Joffe very properly chooses to analyze changes in military doctrine and strategy introduced to guide the armed forces as they absorb defense modernization programs. His analysis of "people's war under modern conditions," in which "modern conditions" receive primary emphasis, will undoubtedly suffer some criticism. This doctrine extensively modified Mao's classical concepts of strategy but maintained a strong connection to his basic military principles. Doctrinal change was cautious but led to a sharp break with Mao's strategy of people's war by seeking to defend China without resort to a brutal strategy of endless attrition that would lay waste to China even as it was being defended. Some will argue that Joffe states his case too strongly. I would disagree. These changes in doctrine, strategy, and operations were accompanied by critically important reforms designed to raise the quality of the officer corps. Indeed Deng's most difficult task has been the restoration of a high level of professionalism and technical competence within a politicized officer corps that had become a stagnant gerontocracy within an ossified organizational structure. Throughout this volume but especially in the final chapter, Joffe carefully assesses the way Deng Xiaoping implemented his reforms and overcame resistance. Deng's success, Joffe argues, stemmed as much from the officer corps' retention of a professional military ethic developed during the modernization programs of the 1950s as from Deng's own prestige and political acumen. This chapter should be read with great care, for it will become the focus of considerable discussion whenever the question of civil-military relations in the post-Mao and post-Deng periods is raised.


Objective:To study the correlation between CT appearances,pathologic grade and c erbB 2 protein abnormal expression in peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:62 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were confirmed by operation and pathology were examined with CT before operation. The expression of c erbB 2 protein was assessed immunohistochemically with the avidin biotin peroxidase complex technique,the examination results were compared with CT appearances and pathologic grade of the tumors,and the data were statistically analyzed using chi square test.Results:①The expression of c erbB 2 protein was higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinoma.②In poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis group,c erbB 2 protem expression increased significantly.③Peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with spinous process and vessel convergency had higher expression of c erbB 2 protein, and the peripheral lung adenocarcinoma with diameter over 3cm also had higher expression of c erbB 2 protein.④The expression of c erbB 2 was higher in lung carcinomas with obvious contrast enhancement(41HU).Conclusion:The expression of c erbB 2 protein is correlated with histologic pattern and CT appearances of lung cancer. Some CT appearances can indicate the biological behavior of peripheral lung carcinoma.


Objective To establish a model of vascularized spleen heterotopic allotransplantation in rats. Methods Vascularized spleen heterotopic allotransplantation was performed among oubred rats. The portal vein and aortic segments of the excised spleen were continuously anastomized end to side to the vena cava and the abdominal aorta, respectively. The graft lain in right paracolic sulcus was fixed to lateral epigastrium. Results The successful rate of operation was 69 2%. The 1 week survival rate was 61 1% postoperatively and 2 rats survived longer than 3 months. None of the rats experienced torsion of the splenic pedicle. Allografts survived in the initial stage and the mean time of acute rejection reaction was 3 days postoperatively. Conclusions It is feasible to establish a model of vasucularized spleen heterotopic allotransplantation in rats.


In the article views of antique authors of human aspect of a phenomenon of slavery are considered. The author recognizes that the importance of a similar research is connected with existence of archetypic layers in the most various cultures causing reproduction of a phenomenon of slave model of the personality and corresponding to it behavior forms. The attention to three aspects in understanding of the bases of existence of the slave as special human type, recorded by antique authors is paid. It, first, slavery "under the law" according to which the captured captives are on sale in slavery. Secondly, this slavery caused by the human nature connected with ethnic origin on a formula "the barbarian and the slave by the concept nature identical". Thirdly, this slavery in spiritual sense generated by the nature of activity in which the person is engaged. The types of activity forming the free person is for them philosophical reflection as disinterested search of the truth and also, according to Aristotle, political activity. Views of antique authors correspond in the article to views of the Russian religious philosophers proceeding from other paradigm of the activity basis of free existence implanted in Christian outlook.


Development of lymphoid organs in the chick embryo is dependent on colonization by extrinsic stem cells which have been presumed to originate in the yolk sac blood islands. However, we have recently presented evidence to indicate that stem cells originally formed in the yolk sac play little, if any, role in the colonization of lymphoid organ rudiments. Our evidence was based on the use of chick yolk sac-embryo chimeras (Lassila et al., Nature, in press). These results do not support the yolk sac origin of lymphoid stem cells in the chicken. In the present study we have been successful to grow the 'sex chimeras' through the hatching. For the chromosome analysis bursa cells and specifically stimulated B and T lymphocytes were used. The latter was achieved by stimulating thymus, spleen and bone marrow cells in vitro with anti-Ig and Con A. Only four out of 1510 cells analyzed belonged to the sex opposite to that of the birds as diagnosed from the gonads; eleven 5-8 week-old yolk sac-embryo chimeras were used for these analyses. Among the chimeras four birds were also marked for the IgG allotypes. At the age of six weeks all four showed serum IgG of the embryo allotype (Gla) and none of the yolk sac type (Glb). These results, based on the chromosome analysis of bursa cells and of specifically stimulated B and T lymphocytes in thymus, spleen and bone marrow as well as on IgG allotypes, indicate that lymphoid stem cells in the chicken are primarily derived rather from an intraembryonic source than from the yolk sac.


CdTe is currently the largest thin-film photovoltaic technology. Non-radiative electron–hole recombination reduces the solar conversion efficiency from an ideal value of 32% to a current champion performance of 22%. The cadmium vacancy (VCd) is a prominent acceptor species in p-type CdTe; however, debate continues regarding its structural and electronic behavior. Using ab initio defect techniques, we calculate a negative-U double-acceptor level for VCd, while reproducing the VCd1– hole–polaron, reconciling theoretical predictions with experimental observations. We find the cadmium vacancy facilitates rapid charge-carrier recombination, reducing maximum power-conversion efficiency by over 5% for untreated CdTe—a consequence of tellurium dimerization, metastable structural arrangements, and anharmonic potential energy surfaces for carrier capture.


Background: Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic natural epidemic disease caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection. Currently, there is no specific medicine for Japanese encephalitis. At present, autophagy regulating drugs have played an important role in the treatment of tumors, heart diseases and other diseases. We hope that by studying the effects of autophagy-regulating drugs on JEV infection and host response in mice, will provide effective clinical trials for autophagy-regulating drugs in the treatment of Japanese encephalitis and other viral infectious diseases. Methods: After establishing appropriate animal model. We observed the neurological symptoms of the mice and counted their survival rate. We compared the degree of viral infection in the brain of mice infected with JE virus. We compared the extent of neuroinflammatory responses in the brain of mice and explored the signaling processes involved in neuroinflammation.Results: We found autophagy inhibitors wortmannin (Wort) and chloroquine (CQ) alleviate degree of viral infection in the brain of JEV-infected mice. Autophagy inhibitors reduced the neuroinflammation in Mouse Model of Japanese encephalitis. We speculated that autophagy inhibitors may attenuate the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-kB pathway, thereby reducing the brain inflammation in mice, thereby protecting mice from JEV-induced death. This result is not significant enough, the specific mechanism still needs further study.Conclusions: Our study suggests that autophagy inhibitors wortmannin and chloroquine could reduce the degree of viral infection and inflammatory response in the brain of JEV infected mice, providing a clinical basis for the treatment of Japanese encephalitis.


Electron spin relaxation measurements on low-spin ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ in several proteins show that they occupy a space of fractal dimensionality $d=1.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$, in conformity with the dimensionality $d=\frac{5}{3}$ of a self-avoiding random walk. Analysis of myoglobin x-ray data independently confirms this fractal dimension.


Inattentional blindness (IB) occurs when an individual fails to notice an unexpected object because their attention is engaged by another task. Most research has excluded participants with IB knowledge on the belief that any knowledge of IB would invalidate experiments by causing participants to "expect the unexpected". Previous research has shown that expectations can significantly influence IB rates, specifically through determining attentional set. We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether knowledge of and exposure to IB research had any effect on expectations and rates of IB. Experiment 1 compared participants with either little or no preexisting knowledge of IB and found that IB knowledge did not predict experimental rates of IB. Experiment 2 compared first year psychology students with moderate IB knowledge to later-year students with high IB knowledge. Again, knowledge was not a significant predictor of IB rates. Experiment 3 manipulated IB knowledge, with half the participants given detailed information on IB. High knowledge participants were significantly more likely to notice the unexpected stimulus, but primary task accuracy was significantly lower for noticers compared to nonnoticers, suggesting that noticers may have adopted a dual task strategy and been "watching" for the unexpected stimulus. Overall these results suggest that preexisting IB knowledge only affects rates of IB if it allows participants to form specific and accurate expectations about the experiment. Keywords: attention; awareness; expectations; inattentional blindness. Citation details for this article: Beanland, V., Pammer, K. (2010). Gorilla watching: Effects of exposure and expectations on inattentional blindness. In W. Christensen, E. Schier, and J. Sutton (Eds.), ASCS09: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the Australasian Society for Cognitive Science (pp. 12-20). Sydney: Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science.


We have developed a lithography process which originates from imprint lithography and offers advantages over it. Unlike imprint lithography, not only the sample but also the mold is covered with a thermoplastic polymer. The mold and sample are brought into contact, pressed together and heated above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplast, causing the two polymer layers to become bonded (glued) together. A special treatment of the mold and sample surface causes the polymer film to stick only to the substrate after cooling. The bonding occurs at pressures and temperatures lower than those usually applied in imprint technology, and eliminates problems in conventional imprint technology that are related to lateral transport of the polymer.


We study toroidal compactifications of type II string theory with D-branes and nontrivial antisymmetric tensor moduli and show that turning on these fields modifies the supersymmetry projections imposed by D-branes. These modifications are seen to be necessary for the consistency of T duality. We also show the existence of unusual BPS configurations of branes at angles that are supersymmetric because of conspiracies between moduli fields. Analysis of the problem from the point of view of the effective field theory of massless modes shows that the presence of a two-form background must modify the realization of supersymmetry on the brane. In particular, the appropriate supersymmetry variation of the physical gaugino vanishes in any constant field strength background. These considerations are relevant for the E{sub 7(7)}-symmetric counting of states of four-dimensional black holes in type II string theory compactified on T{sup 6}. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Microbial biofilms are complex structures wherein the planktonic cells change their growth mode to the sessile form. This kind of growth is assisted by the formation of a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which encapsulates the bacterial cells within it and thus, provides an additional protection. These biofilms are highly resistant to high concentration of antibiotics and poses a great threat towards public health. These biofilms are even beyond the access of a normal human immune system and are involved in infections of teeth, lungs and many other diseases. There lies an immediate need to replace the extensive use of antibiotics with new emerging strategies. The review intends to provide an insight on the various perspectives of microbial biofilms including their formation, composition, mechanism of communication (Quorum sensing) and pathogenicity. Recent emerging strategies have also been discussed that can be considered for successful eradication or inhibition of biofilms and related infections.


Despite being pivotal to the destiny of the characters, el padre Renteria remains a frequently ignored character in studies of Rulfo's novel Pedro Paramo. His emotional and intellectual complexity make him the ideal vehicle for Rulfo's ironic treatment of the manicheistic rhetoric of Church and state in post-Revolutionary Mexico. His complicity with the cacique Pedro Paramo opposes the Church's favoured image of the priest as a pious martyr. However, his anguished sense of responsibility towards his parishioners also fails to accord with the state's projection of the self-centred priest who connives with the local cacique. Whilst the Church's martyrological image is based on desire (positive iconography), the state's demonised projection is based on both desire and fear (fetishistic stereotyping). In this article I contend that Rulfo uses verbal and situational irony in Fragment 14 of the novel to create an image of the post-Revolutionary priest which subverts those projected by the rhetoric of Church and...


This paper includes an illustration of the electrostatic adhesion mechanism which is applied in the particular area of wall climbing robots.The adhesion mechanism of electrostatic adhesion technology will be researched at the beginning,then,the theoretical attraction force model between the electrodes and wall is built.Through the principle of virtual work,the paper obtains a mathematical expression of electrostatic adhesion,and for more complexity,makes a specific investigation of double electrodes type,which is the base of comb-shaped electrodes.Schwarz-Christoffel transform will be utilized in this part,and it is an effective method in dealing with non-uniform electric field.Next,Matlab software is used to analyze the key factors which affect the adsorption strength in the electrodes.To illustrate the problem further,a simulation of voltage between the electrodes is done.Finally,to verify this adhesive function,an experiment with comb-shaped electrodes is done,from which it can be concluded that electrostatic adhesion can be a large attraction power in wall-climbing robots application.


THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY AND SUPPORTIVE ONCOLOGY 65 Volume 15/Number 2 In November 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration expanded the approval of daratumumab for patients with multiple myeloma. The monoclonal antibody, which targets CD38, a protein that is highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells, was previously granted approval by the agency as a single agent for the treatment of patients who had received at least three previous therapies. The current approval was for the use of daratumumab in two different combination regimens for the treatment of patients who have received one previous line of treatment. On the basis of improved progression-free survival (PFS), demonstrated in two randomized, open-label, phase 3 trials, daratumumab can now be used in combination with the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide and dexamethasone, or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and dexamethasone, both standard therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma. In the POLLUX trial, 569 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma were randomized 1:1 to receive daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide-dexamethasone or lenalidomide-dexamethasone alone. The CASTOR trial randomized 498 patients with relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma 1:1 to daratumumab in combination with bortezomib-dexamethasone, or bortezomibdexamethasone alone. The eligibility and exclusion criteria for both trials were similar; patients had received at least one previous line of therapy, had documented progressive disease according to International Myeloma Working Group criteria, and had measurable disease on the basis of urine and/or serum assessments or serum-free, light-chain assay. Patients with a neutrophil count of ≤1,000 cells/mm3, hemoglobin level of ≤7.5 g/dL, platelet count of <75,000 cells/mm3, creatinine clearance of ≤20 mL/min per 1.73m2 body surface area (or <30 mL/min in the POLLUX trial), alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level ≥2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) range, bilirubin level of ≥1.5 or more times the ULN range, disease refractory to bortezomib or lenalidomide, and unacceptable side effects from bortezomib or lenalidomide, were ineligible for these studies. In addition, patients with grade 2 or higher peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain, were excluded from the CASTOR study. Randomization was stratified according to International Staging System disease stage at the time of screening (stage I, II or III, with higher stage indicating more severe disease), number of previous lines of therapy (1 vs 2, or 3 vs >3), and previous receipt of lenalidomide or bortezomib. In the CASTOR trial, patients received up to eight 21-day cycles of bortezomib, administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of cycles 1-8, and dexamethasone, administered orally or intravenously at a dose of 20 mg on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 for a total Expanded approval for daratumumab in multiple myeloma


Using the quantitative techniques for lignin determination described previously for herbaceous grasses (14), the study of the production of lignin-like polymers by peroxidation of phenolic compounds such as eugenol and ferulic acid has been extended to include p-hydroxycinnamic and sinapic acids and coniferyl alcohol. All of these substrates give slightly different products, some of them more similar than others to the lignin isolated from mature timothy grass, Phleum pratense L. This lignin has been characterized by its solubility in 0.5 N NaOH, by an ionization difference spectrum with relatively high peaks in the 350 my region and smaller ones at 250 my. and 300 mg, a negative minimum in the 280 mA region, and by the presence of hydroxybenzylalcohol groups (14). These results support the general scheme (fig 5) of immediate precursors of the p-hydroxyl phenyl, guaiacyl, and sinapyl moieties of lignins in plants as elucidated by several groups of workers (3, 6,10), but illustrate possible basic differences between the formation of the more highly polymerized lignin of woody plants and the smaller more soluble polymers typical of herbaceous plants.


In her life a woman will experience sensitive times that is when pregnancy is present, because at that time women will become vulnerable to the onset of physical and mental disorders. The support of the husband during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is indispensable. The purpose of this study is to know the influence of knowledge and support of husbands on the adaptation of psychological changes primigravida trimester I. The type of research used is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The population used by all Trimester I pregnant women who conducted the examination period January June 2020 in The Independent Practice of Midwives Cisalak Village Market District Cimanggis Depok, using accidental sampling. The instrument used is quesionnaire. The results of the study there is an influence of knowledge on the adaptation of psychological changes Primigravida Trimester I pregnant women with p value = 0.001, and OR = 7,547 (2,402 – 23,708) and there is an influence of husband support on the adaptation of psychological changes primigravida Trimester I with p value = 0.000, and OR = 15,536 (3,114–77,519).


Rule interchange has become one of the most important issues in the Semantic Web. As a recommendation of the W3C (WWW Consortium), RIF (Rule Interchange Format) is dedicated to rule interchange between different rule languages. To be a general rule interchange format, RIF should first support rule interchange with SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language), RuleML (Rule Markup Language), R2ML (REWERSE Rule Markup Language) and F-logic (Frame Logic), before completely implementing rule interchange with other rule languages. In the paper, we propose and construct RIA(subscript XML) (Rule Interchange Architecture based on XML Syntaxes) - a rule interchange structure centered on RIF, which enables bidirectional rule interchange between RIF and SWRL, RuleML, R2ML and F-logic. Furthermore, we explore the issue of information loss and present corresponding remedial measures. More importantly, we design and implement a prototype system of RIA(subscript XML), and give its experimental analysis.


Recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that in the presence of a strong reducing agent, Vitamin B12 plays a fundamental role in the reductive dehalogenation of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) such as perfluorooctanate sulfonate (i.e., PFOS, C8F17SO3-), which is a highly recalcitrant organic pollutant capable of bioaccumulate. The present study, the PFBS/Vitamin B12 complex was theoretical characterized by means of DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. As a first stage of the work, various structural isomers of PFBS as well as different derivatives of Vitamin B12 (i.e., base-on and base-off; Co1+, Co2+, Co3+) were studied individually to understand the possible interactions between these species. The best electron acceptor among the PFBS isomers was selected based on the localization of the LUMO orbital. At the same time, the best electron donor was identified among the various Cob[n]alamins by analyzing the localization of the HOMO orbital. By employing the optimized structures of the selected PFBS and Cob[n]alamin, a model for the PFBS/Vitamin B12 complex was built, where a favorable HOMO/LUMO interaction was determined. After relaxation of the resulting complex, defluorination of PFBS was observed, suggesting that the PFBS/Vitamin B12 complex is a possible transition state in the degradation route of perfluorinated persistent contaminants.


: By the 1130s at the latest, women played an important role in the politics of Outremer. This was due to the belligerent crusader environment which took its toll on male crusaders. Although the proportion of queens regnant was striking, the general situation of ruling women in the Holy Land bears some resemblance to Western European regions and should thus not be seen as exceptional. The rule of women was initially looked on with scepticism and was only considered if no other (male) candidates were available. Women who exercised governmental powers were normally seen as regents by kinship for minor heirs rather than as rulers in their own right. Therefore, they were usually replaced by a male regent as soon as possible. And if they were able to act as independent rulers, they were often described in masculine terms. However, women were endowed with one important political right: the ideas of female succession to property were well established in the 12th century and female legal and ruling rights were further developed until the mid-13th century. These processes led to an enlargement of the potential range of activity of women who could assume diverse ruling functions in the 13th century. By then at the latest, female and male ruling roles and activities complemented one another and became – to a certain degree – mutually dependent. However, this did not mean that every woman with a right to rule acted as a ruler. In this regard, men still dominated the political landscape of Outremer.


The reaction of (M(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 6/) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ (where M = Fe, Co, and Ni) with P(CH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/PPh/sub 2/)/sub 3/ (PP/sub 3/), PhP(CH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/PPh/sub 2/)/sub 2/ (PP/sub 2/), and Ph/sub 2/PCH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/PPh/sub 2/ (dppe) results in the formation of (Fe(PP/sub 3/)(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 2/) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Fe(PP/sub 2/)(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 3/) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Fe(dppe)/sub 2/(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 2/) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Co(PP/sub 3/)(CH/sub 3/CN)) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Co(dppe)/sub 2/(CH/sub 3/CN)) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Ni(PP/sub 3/)(CH/sub 3/CN)) (BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, (Ni(PP/sub 2/)(CH/sub 3/CN))(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/, and (Ni(dppe)/sub 2/)(BF/sub 3/)/sub 2/, respectively. Electrochemical studies have been carried out on these complexes to examine the influence of the nature of the polyphosphine ligand on the redox properties of each metal. For (Fe(PP)(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 2/)(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ the reversibility of both the Fe(II/III) and Fe(I/0) couples are enhanced relative to those of (Fe(dppe)/sub 2/(CH/sub 3/CN)/sub 2/)(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/. For (Co(PP/sub 3/)(CH/sub 3/CN))(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ the lowest oxidation state accessible in CH/sub 3/CN is +1, while for (Co(dppe)/sub 2/(CH/sub 3/CN))(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ the -1 oxidation state can be observed. The Ni(I/0) couple is reversible for (Ni(dppe)/sub 2/)(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and irreversible for (Ni(PP/sub 2/)(CH/sub 3/CN))(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and (Ni(PP/sub 3/)(CH/sub 3/CN))(BF/sub 4/)/submore » 2/. The electrochemical studies of the latter complex have led to the synthesis of a Ni(0) dimer, (Ni(PP/sub 3/))/sub 2/.« less


Data processing equipment in telematic, which is used for controlling and monitoring railway operations, is instrumental in improving the efficiency and quality of a transport service. Such equipment is particularly advantageous where traffic systems are highly complex. Process computers, which are used both for train control and for the supply of traction current, are connected to the process by intelligent data transmission equipment. Computer installations on the railway system are organized in hierarchical form. On the line, they take over the monitoring of train routes and in the traffic control centres, the management of resources. Fail-safe microcomputer systems which are based on the SIMIS principal, a development of Siemens, are already being used in electronic interlockings of railway signalling systems for the logical processing of data. Equipment of automation of control and monitoring of traction current supply networks offers a wide operational range. Thereby, the power supply equipment in the local interlocking cabins is connected with the process computers in the traffic control centre and thus is remote-controlled by the centre. Remote control systems, using microcomputers, are used for this purpose, e.g. the SINAUT remote control system designed specifically for railways. To achieve higher availability, multiple computer systems are installed for controlling rail traffic and for supplying traction current.


The utility model discloses a pneumatic clamping device for milling, which comprises a pneumatic part, a guiding part and a pressing part, wherein the pneumatic part comprises a cylinder and a piston; the guiding part comprises a guide hole and a guide bar, wherein the guide bar can move along the axial direction of the guide hole under the push of the piston; and the pressing part comprises a compression bar, a guiding hinge, a pressing hinge and a supporting post, wherein the guide bar and the compression bar are connected by the guiding hinge, the supporting post is fixed at a pressing plane, and the compression bar and the supporting post are connected by the pressing hinge. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, lower manufacturing cost and simple and convenient operation. When a pneumatic structure is adopted for installing and clamping, the pressing force keeps stable and unchanged, the pressure can be regulated, the labor strength of the manual operation is relieved, and the product quality and the production efficiency are enhanced.


The energy distribution of ions, which are incident on the cathode of a glow discharge, is used to derive an expression for the rate of sputtering of a cold cathode as a function of the discharge parameters. The calculated rate of sputtering is compared with measured helium‐neon cathode longevity as a function of discharge current density and fillgas pressure, and a model for helium‐neon cathode mortality is developed. This theory is used to estimate the expected longevity of laser cathodes made from different materials.