In this paper, we introduce an implementation of the attribute selection algorithm, Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS) integrated with our k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) framework. Binary neural networks underpin our k-NN and allow us to create a unified framework for attribute selection, prediction and classification. We apply the framework to a real world application of predicting bus journey times from traffic sensor data and show how attribute selection can both speed our k-NN and increase the prediction accuracy by removing noise and redundant attributes from the data.


In their recent article, "Taking Advantage of the Disadvantage,"1 Mario D. Fantini and Gerald Weinstein have pointed out the failure of educators to learn from their own attempts to deal with the disadvantaged. They give many examples of the general ineffectiveness of our efforts in compensatory, remedial, and experimental programs in stating that the public school has not changed its program or its structure in response to these efforts. They argue that the school ought to change because its program is irrelevant to its students, and because the school bureaucracy is incapable of responding to the growing hostility of the local community.


The area described in this report is situated north-east of Mt. Kenya, being bounded by the Equator and 0° 30' N. latitude and by longitudes 3T 30' E. and 38' 00' E. It is approximately 1,225 square miles in extent. Five major physiographical divisions are recognisable: (I) the lower north-eastern flanks of the Mt. Kenya volcanic pile; (2) the north-east to south-west Nyambeni volcanic range and its associated Basement System inliers on the south; (3) the upstanding monadnocks of Pre-cambrian rocks on the north-western boundary; (4) the prominent Basement System inlier of Mbokoro and (5) the Nyambeni lowlands, con:;isting of the lower and terminal lavas of both the Mt. Kenya and Nyambeni volcanic episodes, and surrounding the preceding divisions. The exposed rocks in the area may be divided into two broad groups: (1) the variably banded and metasomatized psammitic and pe:itic gneisses, with associated granitoid gneisses and pegmati tic veins and bands, which comprise the Basement System, and (2) the comparatively young series of eruptive rocks of the Mt. Kenya and Nyambeni volcanic episodes, consisting essentially of basaltic and phonolitic rocks, which it is believed were extruded during great crustal movements associated with the formation of the Rift Valley. ~ l'U l'l-L'VI'S mm \ h»: ixlgL


It has recently been proposed that 90' Compton scattering from a planar monoenergetic gamma source can be used as a diagnostic tool for tomographic studies of the lung. In this paper we present a detailed Monte Carlo study of the performance that can be obtained with this technique for homogeneous media, as a function of both the incident photon energy and the source-detector geometry. A 20 x-20 x 20.$m3 water phantom was simulated as a target and a conventional gamma camera equipped with imaging collimator as a detector. The multiple to single scatter ratio was found to have an approximate l/E dependence with the energy of the incident photon; its magnitude (as high as 70% for a 279 keV gamma source) is mostly determined by the finite energy resolution of the detector. The multiple scattering contamination as a function of the depth into the phantom was also studied in order to derive algorithms that can be applied to clinical data. The Monte Carlo calculations agree to a few percent with experimental data.


Many natural sounds including speech exhibit a complex temporal envelope. Psychoacoustical modulation masking data (e.g., [1]) suggest that the auditory system may perform a frequency-selective analysis in the envelope-frequency domain comparable to the well known frequency selectivity in the audio-frequency domain. Ewert and Dau [2] proposed a model that assumed a linear processing of the envelope prior to a filter-bank. However, recent modulation detection experiments using complex envelopes indicate that the auditory system is sensitive to slow variations of the modulation depth which are not present in the linear modulation spectrum of the acoustical signal. In modulation masking experiments the slow variations can be used as a detection cue [1] or can affect the detectablility of testmodulation at the rate of the slow variations [3, 4]. The underlying mechanism that extracts these slow variations is still unclear. It was argued that a nonlinearity may extract the slow variations [1, 3, 4]. It is, however, also possible that off-frequency filters might be used in certain stimulus configurations, where the slow variations are converted in amplitude modulations (e.g. [1]).


Extracted from text ... Extremely advanced rescue tools are available to
South African fire and rescue services, yet many
critical decisions must still be taken when extricating
a casualty.
Mechanical and environmental factors in combination with
the condition of the patient should be considered.
After stabilising the trapped patient, the wreck is removed
from around the patient instead of the other way around.
Rescuers and medics should always consider the three
separate events that take place during an accident:
? machine collision
? body collision
? organ collision.
Another important concept to understand is that the kinetic
energy of motion has to be ..


Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of liver disease in the UK. HCV can cause liver failure and liver cancer, and is a frequent indication for liver transplantation. HCV infection can be cured by antiviral therapy. Standard therapy includes the combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RIBA) for 24 or 48 weeks, according to HCV genotype.1–3 A sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA six months after cessation of therapy, indicates successful treatment, almost certainly cure. Published registration trials reported encouraging SVR rates of 42–52% for genotype 1 and 77–88% for genotypes 2/3.1–3

However, analysis of the combined experience of six European and US centres reported significantly worse results.4 In that report, the response rate to treatment of genotype 1 infection with pegylated IFN alpha 2a and ribavirin was only 36%. Also, a large US based prospective randomised study reported response rates of 29–34%, depending on the dose of ribavirin used.5 In contrast, a Canadian study that prospectively tracked patients receiving HCV treatment reported SVR rates …


This paper historically analyzes ten years of anglophone Cannabidiol (CBD) tweets using temporal topic modeling and proposes a classification method to detect commercial and non-commercial tweets to better understand topic changes over time. The topics in this conversation change as they affect, and are affected by, cannabis laws, policies and consumers. In the broader conversation on the effects of CBD, many claims of its effectiveness are exaggerated to the point of misinformation. Thus, analyzing the change in CBD topics over time has implications for how both advertising and misinformation regarding health spreads on social networks.


Background: These experiments investigated mechanisms responsible for the slow relaxation of aortic rings following contraction elicited by the thromboxane mimetic, U46619. In this study we hypothesized that blocking only the Rho-kinase pathway with the Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) will shorten the extended relaxation time induced by U46619 and that production of NO contributes to the relaxation of blood vessels treated with the Rho kinase inhibitor. Methodology: Aortic rings were obtained from a euthanized rabbit and placed in heated organ baths and contractile responses to the thromboxane mimetic, U46619 measured. After removal of the endothelium or inhibition of NO production, we subjected the U46619 induced vessels to the Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), so as to determine if Y-27632 causes relaxation of U46619 induced vessels by acting through NO, which is the relaxing factor in the endothelium. Vessels exposed to U46619 relaxed at a significantly slower rate compared to other agonists such as phenylephrine (1.0 uM) or high KCl solutions (60 uM). Result: Inhibition of Rho-kinase significantly reduced the relaxation time; i.e., the rate of relaxation was higher (0.13 ± 0.07 g/min) in the presence of a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632; 1 uM) compared to vehicle-treated vessels (0.02 ± 0.01 g/min) (P< 0.05). We then investigated whether the enhanced rate of relaxation following inhibition of Rho kinase was dependent on the release of NO from the endothelium. Vessels treated with an inhibitor of NO production (L-NAME) or vessels where the endothelium was mechanically removed showed the same response to inhibition of Rho-kinase as vessels treated with the vehicle of L-NAME or vessels in which the endothelium was not denuded. Conclusion: We conclude that Rho kinase plays an essential role in sustaining the contractile phase of vessels treated with the TxA2 mimetic U46619. The faster rate of relaxation of vessels following inhibition of Rho-kinase does not involve release of NO from the endothelium. Keywords: Thromboxane A 2 mimetic (U46619), Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), Vascular Smooth Muscle (VSM), Endothelium and Nitric oxide (NO)s


We subcloned two chicken H3 histone genes and transfected them into Rat 3 cell line. One contains 300 bp 5' to its cap site and the other contains 130 bp 5' to its cap site when cloned into plasm ids. Both of them showed 5' phase specific expression of their mRNA about 8 fold higher (during 5' phase) than during Gl phase. This means that only 130 bp 5' to its cap site was enough to confer cell cycle regulated expression of the latter gene. The DNA sequences of their 5' flanking region did not reveal any particular homologies or subtype-specific sequences. The DNA sequence data also showed that even though the protein coding regions of the histone genes have been conserved exceptionally well throughout evolution, their 5' untranslated regions have not been conserved as well.


Representing domain knowledge is crucial for any task. There has been a wide range of techniques developed to represent this knowledge, from older logic based approaches to the more recent deep learning based techniques (i.e. embeddings). In this paper, we discuss some of these methods, focusing on the representational expressiveness tradeoffs that are often made. In particular, we focus on the the ability of various techniques to encode `partial knowledge' - a key component of successful knowledge systems. We introduce and describe the concepts of `ensembles of embeddings' and `aggregate embeddings' and demonstrate how they allow for partial knowledge.


Students' progress in geometry can be characterized using the geometric level of thinking (GLT), developed by Dina and Pierre van Hiele. These levels are: 1. Visual. Students determine and operate on shapes and other geometric figures based on their appearance. 2. Analytic. Learners recognize and characterize shapes based on their properties. 3. Abstract. Students establish interrelationships of properties within and among figures. 4. Formal deduction. The learner understands the significance of logical deduction as a method for establishing geometric truths. 5. Rigor. Students understand and work in a variety of axiomatic systems.


As a new type wear-resistant material,the research on wear mechanism and application of TiNi shape memory alloy has attracted increasing interest.Based on the summary of research on TiNi erosion wear behaviors,the erosion mechanism of TiNi alloy is analyzed.It shows that the high erosion wear resistance of TiNi alloy is mainly at- tributed to its pseudoelasticity and martensitic variant self-accommodation behavior.Moreover,the current situation of tribological applications of TiNi alloy is reviewed and research tendencies are put forward.


In some cases, the magnetic material's reluctivity becomes a full three-dimensional tensor. In some applications the use of a scalar or a vector reluctivity is accurate enough. However, the consideration of the off-diagonal terms in a reluctivity tensor is necessary in many other calculations. In this paper, a finite element formulation is developed from Maxwell's equations and 4-node tetrahedral element shape function. The uniqueness of the formulation is that the off-diagonal terms of reluctivity tensor are fully considered. A finite element analysis program based on this formulation is compiled, which uses Femap to create a model and to display the magnetic flux distribution. Several simulations of a current-carrying air-core square coil between two iron plates are performed and compared. It shows that off-diagonal terms of reluctivity tensor have influence on distribution of magnetic flux.


When capacity is tight, a plant is usually faced with the need to invest in kilns and/or dryers to raise output. Borates can allow a faster push rate through existing kilns and dryers, and therefore increase production without capital investment. Because of their vigorous fluxing action, borates allow a significant reduction in firing time, while maintaining or improving the desired physical properties of the bricks. An addition rate of 1 % Evansite® is shown to allow a 4 % increase in kiln output with no adverse effect on brick properties.


Objective To study the clinical result of late course accelerated hyperfractionation radiotherapy(LCAHR) and brach ytherapy for carcinoma of upper and mid-thoracic esophagus.Methods 102 patients esophagus were divided randomly into two groups: 56 patients LCAFA group,patients were irradiated 2.0 Gy/f,5 times a week,30Gy/3w,then followed by 1.5Gy/f bid,at more than 6 hours` interval,30 Gy/2w.LCAHR+B group,patients were irradiated with LCARF to 4 weed,then delivered with low dose rate 192Ir,3.0 Gy/f,on the esophagus mucosa,2f/w,total 12 Gy/2w.Results There were no significant difference evaluation right after the treatment between the two groups(P0.05).The 3-,5-year survival rates were 48.2 %,35.7 % in LCAHR group and 51.7 %,37.5 %in LCAHR+B group,the difference was not significant(P0.05).The 3-,5-year local control rates were 69.6 %,53.5 % in LCAHR group and 73.2 %,57.1 % in LCAHR+B group(P0.05).Conclusions Late course accelerated hyperfractionation and therapy may control the effect of upper and mid-thoracic esophagus.How to improve the survival rates,chemotherapy or modalities need to be investigated and warrants further study.


Oxidative stress is a pathological state of metabolic imbalance that the generation of oxygen free radicals in body exceeds the elimination. Endogenous and exogenous factors including aging, overweight, ultraviolet light, radiation, smoking, drugs and environment pollution can cause the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of a series of common pathological processes in a range of diseases, and it has no exception in ophthalmic disease. Under normal circumstances, a dynamic balance between oxidants and antioxidants in eye exists. Therefore, the research on antioxidant activity of the eye has significant value in diagnosis and prevention of ophthalmic disease. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive overview about the antioxidant mechanism of antioxidant vitamin C in eye.


Maize seeds were soaked in different concentration solutions of chitosan.The results showed that seed germination rate and seed germination potential was the highest using 150 mg/L chitosan.The maize seeds were treated with 150 mg/L chitosan under drought stress supplemented with 15% PEG6000 solution.Chitosan could increase significantly the seed germination rate,seed germination potential and the root activity of maize seedlings as well.


The relationship between sound phenomena of particular speech texts and generalised concepts instrumental in description of sound structure of language is in focus at any level of phonetic research. The relevant corrective factor is speech perception whose research obtains growing experimental support as the instrumental and computational technology develops. For instance, rule formation for automatic TTS synthesis often demands simplification of the relationships among speech phenomena and always entails reduction of their vagueness. Monitoring tolerance of listeners for deflections from expected forms on material whose composition is known and capable of yielding to controlled change, brings out remarkable information both on weight of individual sound parameters and the share of vagueness in speech communication. The experience, however, shows that evaluative judgements obtained through perceptive testing should be interpreted with distinctions as to the nature of the task dealt with by the listener. In researching the prosody of Czech, three aspects are distinguished so far: a degree of tolerance related to the intelligibility of the speech a degree of tolerance related to the overall communicative acceptability of the speech an influence ofunintended preferences in the perceptive evaluation. By intelligibility is meant reaching agreement in the interpretation of the text between the speaker and the listener, i. e. the condition when the listener 'understands' the text in just that meaning as intended by the speaker. The idea of communicative acceptability used to link most often to issues of speech disturbances and their overcoming. At present, it relates mostly to the increasing effort to use machine-generated synthetic speech signal. Apart from intelligibility, demands are also made on easy perceptibility of speech, which includes requirements as sufficient variability of forms, adequacy in rate, adequacy in salience of intonation patterns, etc. While experimenting to improve the synthesis beyond a certain basic level of intelligibility, we find the aspects of speech intelligibility and acceptability may then not necessarily always agree with each other. For instance the sound characteristics in Czech of pointing up the word-initial syllable to reinforce the delimitative function produces a manner of speech with low acceptability for the listeners due to being felt too stereotypical. Similarly, a sharp distinction of a rising melody sentence pattern in wh-questions from a rising pattern in open-end utterances calls for using conspicuous jumps in pitch, but again results in negative judgements with listeners. The listener seems to prefer a sound impression in listening to synthesis that gets as close as possible to natural speech, even if certain vagueness is traded off, which no doubt is there in ordinary communication as well. The third aspect to take into consideration we call listening preferences. Now and then we encounter in listening tests that listeners prefer a sound variant out of the options with no apparent motivation e.g. from non-sound context or the conditions of the experiment. Such listening preferences bring a distortion to the evaluation results, and, considering the use of listening tests to evaluate the relevance of speech phenomena, possibly make a separate methodological issue. The contribution provides a few examples of data from a range of research in Czech devoted to finding out features of a word-level sound unit. The research includes listening tests which provide sequences of syllables for the tested subjects to decide while the meaning depends on the way the sequences are segmented to make words (or stress units in stricter terminology). Hence the listeners decide drawing on their language experience, not on theoretic assumptions. (E.g.


The utilization of natural dye as a substitute for ruthenium in DSSC has been developed. There are three types of dye that have been studied, among others, chlorophyll, beta-carotene, and anthocyanin. The natural dye extraction was successfully carried out by utilizing all three types of dye. For dye type chlorophyll obtained from extraction of spinach, grass jelly leaves, and broccoli. Melinjo skin extraction, shoe flower, and blue pea flowers of anthocyanin type. As for the dye type of beta-carotene extracted from yellow sweet potato and purple sweet potato. The solution used for the synthesis process consists of ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, acetic acid, and distilled water. From the results of dye extraction, the absorbance peak of Melinjo was obtained at a wavelength of 475 nm, grass jelly leaves 416 nm, purple sweet potato 532 nm, spinach 414 nm, blue pea 618 nm, broccoli 468 nm, rose mallow 522 nm, and yellow sweet potato 401 nm. DSSC fabrication characterization using Keithley 2620A and obtained the highest efficiency of 7.2 x 10−2 with spinach dye.The utilization of natural dye as a substitute for ruthenium in DSSC has been developed. There are three types of dye that have been studied, among others, chlorophyll, beta-carotene, and anthocyanin. The natural dye extraction was successfully carried out by utilizing all three types of dye. For dye type chlorophyll obtained from extraction of spinach, grass jelly leaves, and broccoli. Melinjo skin extraction, shoe flower, and blue pea flowers of anthocyanin type. As for the dye type of beta-carotene extracted from yellow sweet potato and purple sweet potato. The solution used for the synthesis process consists of ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, acetic acid, and distilled water. From the results of dye extraction, the absorbance peak of Melinjo was obtained at a wavelength of 475 nm, grass jelly leaves 416 nm, purple sweet potato 532 nm, spinach 414 nm, blue pea 618 nm, broccoli 468 nm, rose mallow 522 nm, and yellow sweet potato 401 nm. DSSC fabrication characterization using Keithley 2620A and obtained th...


and to stymie abolitionist writers. White writers used euphemisms or communicated "in code" (190) in their private correspondence. With this dearth of immediate primary materials, postbellum archivists did not attempt to collect materials about an event they did not know of. Without these materials and with a white historical profession that was already convinced of slave docility, the story of Nicholas was effectively silenced. So, in writing All for Liberty, Jeff Strickland unsilences the past—to borrow Trouillot's language.2 Luckily for the reader, he has done so with prose that is as accessible for general audiences, including undergraduates, as it is enlightening for seasoned scholars of antebellum slavery.


Surface displacement is an common environmental geological phenomenon in the Beijing Plain. Research on surface displacement in the Beijing Plain has mainly focused on vertical surface displacement, whereas the horizontal displacement has scarcely been studied. To investigate the 3-D surface displacement in the Beijing Plain, we construct a leveling-constrained multidirectional PS-InSAR 3-D surface displacement estimation method to obtain the 3-D surface displacement information. The results show that the surface displacement in the study area during 2016–2018 was mainly vertical displacement with two main northern and southern subsidence centers; the vertical displacement ranged from −150 mm/year (down) to 5 mm/year (up), and the east–west horizontal displacement ranged from 20 mm/year (east) to 22 mm/year (west). Validation results show that the 3-D surface displacement estimation results agree well with leveling data and GPS data, indicating the reliability of the 3-D surface displacement datasets. The 3-D surface displacement results show that horizontal displacement is obvious in the areas with a large vertical displacement in the eastern Beijing Plain. Additionally, the horizontal displacement is directed toward the center of vertical displacement. The compressive strain is observed close to the centers of vertical displacement, whereas tensile strain occurs far from the centers of vertical displacement. The main cause of the 3-D surface displacement in the study area is the long-term groundwater overexploitation, especially deep groundwater exploitation. The spatial and temporal extents of displacement do not exactly match the locations of the groundwater sinks in different aquifers; instead, geological structures and stratigraphic/lithological conditions may have a combined effect. Moreover, the spatial and temporal distributions of surface displacement are closely related to ground fissure activity, and both influence each other.


This is a report of recent investigations on a destructive root and stem disease of
 poinsettia. Discussed are symptoms of the disease, associated environmental factors,
 causal organisms, and control.


The structures of iodotris(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)tin(IV) trichloro( 2 H)methane hemisolvate, [SnI(C 9 H 11 ) 3 ].CDCl 3 (I), iodotris(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)tin(IV) toluene hemisolvate, [SnI(C 9 H 11 ) 3 ] 2 .C 7 H 8 (II), and iodotriphenyltin(IV), [SnI(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ] (III), have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three crystallize in the same space group (P1) with Ar 3 SnI molecules forming chains through the lattice using overlapping aryl groups. In (III), these are closely packed, but in (I) and (II), p-CH 3 groups prevent this, leaving voids which are filled by solvent molecules


Abstract Polish composts obtained from municipal wastes by the DANO technology have been examined. The total contents of major components and heavy metals were determined and the speciation of the latter was carried out. This was performed using two sequential extraction techniques (Tessier's metod and a modified Tessier's method) as well as single extractions. The determination of individual elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization. On the basis of a comparison of the obtained results a simple test for evaluation of composts is proposed.


This Master of Science thesis treats the hypercharge axion, which is a hypothetical pseudo-scalar particle with electroweak interactions. First, the theoretical context and the motivations for ...


Virtual reality-based sports simulators are widely developed, which makes training in a virtual environment possible. On the other hand, methods using temporal features are also introduced to realize an adaptive training. In this paper, we study the effect of time distortion on alpine ski training to find out how modifying the temporal space can affect sports training. Experiments are conducted to investigate how a fast/slow and a static/dynamic time distortion-based training, respectively, can impact the performance of users.


Abstract New molecules allowing long-range electron transfer and switching processes are described. The electron transfer is experimentally probed by measurement of the so-called 'intervalence transition' which occurs in mixed valence binuclear coordination complexes of the general type M-L-M (M = metal site, L = bridging ligand). This allows the determination of the effective coupling parameter between metal sites. For molecular switching, we consider systems in which the bridging ligand L can be modified by an external perturbation. Several examples are presented: control by photonic perturbation with the Twisted Internal Charge Transfer (TICT) effect, control by H+ ion through a pH induced redox reaction, and control by reversible alkaline ion complexation. The final goal is to use these molecules as bridges in ultrasmall metallic structures.


Late in 2020, while sorting through a cupboard at the home of her mother, Eva Roberts (née Katzenstein), Susan Hamlyn—the abridger of this piece—discovered two fat folders. Each contained carefully typed documents in German. One was the 292-page diary kept by Eva's father, the lawyer Dr Willy Katzenstein (1874–1951) (see Figure 1), during his four years of service in the Landsturm (German reserve army) (see Figure 2) during the First World War. The other was the 212-page autobiography he wrote shortly after arriving in England as a refugee in June 1939. The autobiography, the first part of which is published here, is primarily concerned with Katzenstein's increasing—and ultimately crucial—involvement with the Jewish community of Bielefeld in north-western Germany, and various Jewish organizations at local and national level. Although he was semi-detached from Jewish interests and affairs in his youth, by the mid-1930s the facilitation of Jewish emigration from Germany absorbed every aspect of life for him and his wife Selma (née Zehden). Katzenstein was a classicist, poet, essayist, traveller, a lover of music and art, and a devoted husband and father. He died in London in 1951.


A speed-sensorless state feedback controller for induction machines (IMs) with LC filter is proposed. The estimation of speed and remaining states is based on a speed-adaptive observer, requiring only the measurement of the filter input currents. The motor currents are controlled by a state-feedback controller with proportional and integral control action to achieve fast and asymptotic set point tracking. Observer \emph{and} controller gains are calculated offline using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory and updated online (gain-scheduling), in order to guarantee stability and improve control performance in the whole operation range. The proposed control scheme is validated by simulation and experimental results including several zero-crossings of the mechanical speed. It is shown that the overall control system performs well under various load- and speed conditions; while its tuning remains easy making it attractive also for industrial application.


According to the amino acid sequence of Brazzein isolated from the fruit of Pentadiplandra baillion,five pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized by using Escherichia coli biased codons.After ligating and PCR amplification,187 bp coding region of brazzein was obtained and inserted into plasmid pET-28a.The results of induced expression showed that the molecular weight of the protein was the same as expected,accounting for 18.9% of total soluble protein of the E.coli.The protein after being denatured and renatured bears a lightly sweet taste.


A broad classification of dysgammaglobulinemias characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of one of the five immunoglobulin classes. Deficiencies of immunoglobulins present variably according to isotype. Selective deficiencies may be caused by decreased or inefficient production from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. The clinical course and prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the selective deficiency and associated morbidity.


Potassium trichloro(safrole)platinate(II), K[Pt(Saf)Cl3] (1), reacts with piperidine to give cis-[Pt(Saf-1H)(Piperidine)Cl] (2). The interaction of 1 with AgNO3, SnCl2, KOH, and ethanol−water solutions leads to formation of the dinuclear chelate ring complex [Pt2(Saf-1H)2Cl2] (3). 1H and 13C NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that in complexes 2 and 3 deprotonated safrole is bound up with platinum(II) both at a benzene carbon and at the ethylenic double bond of the side chain.


The invention provides an electrochemical detection method for quinhydrone, which comprises the following steps: jointly inserting a bare glassy carbon electrode, a multi-wall carbon nano tube and a room-temperature ionic liquid glue-modified glassy carbon electrode into an electrochemical detection cell filled with phosphate buffer solution of quinhydrone to be detected together with a reference electrode and a platinum counter electrode respectively, and carrying out electrochemical cyclic voltammetry to obtain cyclic voltammetry peak current response (I ) of the quinhydrone which is 43 times of bare glassy carbon electrode peak current response; and carrying out electrochemical impedance scanning in an electrochemical detection cell of potassium chloride electrolyte solution containing red potassium prussiate/yellow prussiate probe molecules to obtain charge transfer impedance value of the multi-wall carbon nano tube and the room-temperature ionic liquid glue. The R of the charge transfer impedance value of the multi-wall carbon nano tube and the room-temperature ionic liquid glue is close to 0 omega, while the R of the charge transfer impedance value of the bare glassy carbon electrode is about 1,000 omega. Therefore, the multi-wall carbon nano tube and the room-temperature ionic liquid glue have good electric conductivity and greatly increase the electronic transmission speed. The method for detecting the quinhydrone on the surfaces of the multi-wall carbon nano tube and the room-temperature ionic liquid glue-modified glassy carbon electrode is convenient and quick, and realizes electrochemical detection for the quinhydrone in cosmetics.


People who object to a war often face the accusation of being unpatriotic. It is not the case, however, that a disagreement with the action, or reaction, of a particular administration to an international situation is necessarily commensurate with a lack of love for one's country, and fellow countrymen and women. It may, in fact, be a strong love for, or value of, all human beings, as is the case for many conscientious objectors. Or it may simply be the result of finding an alternate solution to a problem through the use of one's own reason and conscience, as is the case with many "selective" conscientious objectors. The position soldiers are put in by a military, which stringently discriminates between different types of conscientious objectors who are maintaining their individuality through the use of their own reason, contradicts the perceived values of the United States. This contradiction of values represents a clear oppression of a morally conscious minority.


Precise irrigation is essential in arid and semi-arid areas where water is scarce, such as the South-East of Spain. Therefore, finding a precise and reliable water stress indicator which could be automatically controlled is of paramount importance. Maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) showed a great potential for commercial irrigation scheduling. However, MDS records may be difficult to interpret and reference baselines could be useful for this interpretation. In the current study, measurements of midday stem water potential (Ψs) and MDS were taken over a 3-year period in peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. 'Catherine'] in order to obtain reference baselines for irrigation scheduling. Plants were daily irrigated above their water requirements (~120%) in order to obtain non-limiting soil water conditions. Climate parameters and MDS were recorded automatically, whereas midday stem water potential was assessed in the field every 3 days. The relationships between MDS and climate parameters such as ET0, daily maximum and midday air temperatures (Tmax and Tmid, respectively), maximum and midday air vapour pressure deficit (VPDmax and VPDmid, respectively) were determined. The results indicate that MDS records were better related to Tmid and Tmax than to other meteorological variables. The relationship between MDS and Ψs differed from year to year, although similar equations were found among seasons for the post-harvest period. However, these relationships varied greatly with the conditions of each year, tree phenological stage and crop load. Therefore, the growers must be aware of these factors when using MDS values for irrigation scheduling.


The legal forms of the public administration activity, which are in fact a product of the doctrine, 'close up' so to speak the whole construction of these activities in a democratic rule of law. What is more, they increase the predictability of the actions that may be taken by administrative bodies, and provide the citizens and other addressees of these activities with a better chance of their evaluation. Consequently public administration can be perceived as functioning properly, displaying stability and certainty. The current dilemmas arising from the need for a broader 'catalogue' of legal forms of administrative activity, extended to new ones such as, for example, the administrative agreement, have been presented. In the light of the above it becomes clear that Poland lags behind when confronted with the challenges arising from the evolution of the contemporary tasks of public administration. The tensions between the stabilisation and the postulate of a breakthrough arising in connection with the need for the modernisation of administration and reducing the load of the administrative judiciary is also discussed.


Pen-based computing takes advantage of human skill with the pen, which is more than a substitute for the mouse. A hybrid SVM-HMM based recognition algorithm is presented for pen-based single stroke diagram. The algorithm includes five steps: sampling and pre-processing, segmentation, formal feature computing, SVM based feature classification, and HMM based symbol recognition. The formal feature of a stroke is composed of five static features and one dynamic feature. A group of one-to-one combinations of binary SVMs are used as feature classifiers to produce fixed length feature vectors, each of which is produced by the probability output with Sigmoid function and act as the posterior probability of observation of HMM. Finally HMMs are employed as final recognizer to recognize the unknown stroke. Based on this algorithm, a tutoring system is designed to identify the sketches of the flowchart diagrams. Experiment results show the hybrid algorithm has a good learning and recognition ability, which is benefited from combining the SVM's classification ability of static properties with the HMM's recognition ability of dynamic properties.


: This paper explores the production, destruction, and reproduction of the geopolitical spaces of Roman law in order to offer an understanding of Schmitt's selective notion of Jus Publicum Europaeum and its relevance to the current 'depoliticization' and 'dejuridification' of the world. In particular, by adopting a historical and geopolitical approach that reaches the boundaries of legal systemology and political theology, the present contribution investigates the instrumentalist use of the material object of Rome's universalist competence, namely the 'territory' as dominium of its political intervention, which was idealistically aimed at avoiding the natural destiny of any living being: birth, maturity, and death. Attention is therefore paid to the Romans' strategy of administration and regulation of their geographical spaces in terms of (non-)cultural signification. Through the analysis of such concepts as ' nomos ', ' Großraum ', ' Ortung ', and ' Ordnung ', it is claimed that Schmitt voluntarily chose to identify the Jus Publicum Europaeum with the geopolitical order produced during the Age of Discovery and not with the 'comprehensive' Roman spatial order. The reason for this choice may be identified in the distortive use of Rome's social relations and political allegiances that lay at the core of its genealogical experience since the conquest of Veius in 396 BC and the historical compromise between patrician nobility and plebeians in 367 BC.


The development of dependency, rather than autonomy, in professional and paraprofessional helping relationships represents a practical and theoretical problem. In the present research an attempt is made experimentally to examine this issue from the viewpoint of the self-perception hypothesis. From this perspective, immersion in the successful helping dyad was expected to foster an increased belief in self as other-reliant, and, through cognitive balance, a lessened belief in self as self-reliant. The fiidings indicate that such different dimensions of help as intensity, duration, and choice variously affect these attributions to self, and that these attributions in turn affect the strength of behavioral independence when failure is encountered outside the helping dyad. Some practical and theoretical implications are discussed concerning the role of induction from self-performance in mapping self-related beliefs.


CCI exonerates RDCA of anti-competitive conduct in pharmaceutical market- disagrees with findings of the DG* The CCI, by way of an order dated November 8, 2018 exonerated Retail and Dispensing…


We investigated the fabrication of melt-textured Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors with the employment of a Gd2BaO4 (Gd210)–BaCuO2–CuO precursor. This enabled us to synthesize a very large Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductor, 140 mm in diameter. The trapped field distribution measured at 77 K revealed that the sample had no serious cracks, and the maximum field was 2.3 T. The formation behaviour and depressing mechanism of cracking were studied using sintered Gd210-containing precursors. The Ba–Cu–O component in the precursor melted at around 900 °C. The formation of such a liquid phase enhanced the densification of the precursor by liquid phase sintering. The mechanical strength of the sintered precursor was increased compared to the conventional Gd123–Gd211 precursor. This will be effective in preventing crack formation in the texturing process of large single-grain samples. The superconducting properties of the bulk sample fabricated from Gd210-containing precursor have been discussed.


Purpose- Identify the prevalence and factors associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy(PN) in idiopatic Parkinson's disease (IPD).Method: 66 subjects (36 Parkinson group and 30 control group) were evaluated using clinical criteria of PN, nerve conduction study (NCS), dosages of VB12, folate, homocysteine, levodopa exposure, duration and severity of IPD. Results: Most individuals had symptoms suggestive of PN that was confirmed in 3(8%) IPD group  and 1(3%) control.  Homocysteine levels were higher in IPD patients [16.01 ± 6.88; controls 14.68 ± 5.77, p = 0.403], low levels of vitamin B12 were more frequent in controls. There was no association between biochemical measurements, levodopa use and neuropathy. Neuropathy was associated with IPD (RC = 2.64). Conclusion: In this study individuals with IPD had larger neuropathic scores more than controls but neuropathy was only associated with the presence of IPD.138.


The principle,structure and application situation of ultra-high pressure hydraulic strain device are introduced.The reture support ring is designed to help piston returing in hydraulic strain device,and the device reliability is enhanced in operation process when the reture support ring are used.


Guided by the SoS(System of System) engineering thought and DoDAF2.0,the present development status and the limitation of equipment requirement demonstration software are analyzed,the concept of instrumentation and the requirement of software function are put forward,the optimized architecture framework of equipment requirement demonstration software is constructed,and the key techniques of the DoDAF Meta-Model and software integration are probed.The paper provides the theoretical basis for the practice of equipment requirement demonstration instrumentation.


Bonding with adopted minors entails some particularities that can be explained from the analysis of the reality of these children, particularly bearing in mind what their previous experiences were, the reasons for which they were separated from their families, and the consequences that all may


Fissionable materials can be distinguished from normal materials by their emission of fast neutrons and neutrons moderated by surrounding materials. Radioisotopes can often be identified by their gamma-ray spectra. In this work, we use the nuclear physics Monte Carlo package MCNP6.2 to compare the detection efficiencies of different detector designs for the triple-mode detection of fast and moderated neutrons, and gamma-ray spectroscopy. For each design, we tabulate the detection efficiencies for neutrons from 0.1 eV to 5 MeV and for the full absorption of gamma rays from 0.1 to 5 MeV. All designs use 100 scintillators 1 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>1 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>5 cm. Of these, 36 are Cs2 LiLaBr6:Ce (90% 6Li) (CLLB) and 64 are polyvinyl toluene (PVT). The first design uses separate arrays of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6\times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CLLB and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PVT scintillators. Three other designs are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> composite arrays using all 100 scintillators combined in different ways. PVT is a fast scintillator that can be used to detect fast neutrons by time-separated multiple proton recoils and discriminate against gammas. PVT in the three composite designs serves to moderate neutrons of all energies for capture by the 6Li in the CLLB. Gamma rays interact in the PVT and CLLB by Compton scattering and pair production; full energy absorption requires photoelectric absorption in the CLLB. The energy deposited by each gamma ray can be determined from a weighted sum of the CLLB and PVT signals from separate photodetectors. We find that for a fixed number of neutrons/cm2, one of the composite arrays has much higher 6Li detection efficiencies than the design that uses separate CLLB and PVT arrays, and has similar detection efficiencies for fast neutrons and gammas. We also find that in all cases, the average energy of the neutrons at capture by 6Li is well above the 25-meV thermal energy.


Micro-motor is the core of MEMS and so ultrasonic micro-motor becomes a new research center and relevant research develops quickly in recent years. Firstly, the paper analysizes the differences among ultrasonic motor, electromagnetic motor and static motor; introduces the development on ultrasonic micro-motors at home and abroad; points out two problems in the development-the vague research orientation and inadequently-solved key technique, the research orientation in further study, some key problems that must be solved and the application potential in civil and martial occasions, especially in martial occasion; subsequently, points out market orientation and engineering application are crucial factors for the breakthrough of ultrasonic micro-motor and at the same time, sufficient attention and corporation among government, industry and researching unit are also very important for the research and industrialization of ultrasonic micro-motor in China.


Hugh Montgomery Quite what tips a population from apathy to frenzied action is often mysterious. Why does drink-driving engender fraternity one minute, and revulsion the next, while a quarter of UK citizens still smoke tobacco, despite 40 years of solid evidence? In general, changing behaviours which are immediately pleasurable, but which are associated with some indeterminate personal risk at some unspecified time, are very hard to shift: unprotected sex, indulgence in excess alcohol, use of tobacco, or overconsumption of high-calorie foods are all classic examples. To change such personal behaviours requires a number of factors: the use of a trusted vector (the advice of a doctor, being trusted, increases abstinence from smoking), a solid and clearly communicated evidence base, persistent and consistent communication (which is why one-off campaigns fail), emotional engagement ('this matters to you and those you love'), empowerment to act, a roadmap to do so, and support in taking such action. Big tilts in


The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of offering brand-name fast food at schools on student participation in school lunch. Two studies were conducted in Indiana, USA. In the first study, daily participation rate of 42 Indiana schools were compared between the days when brand-name fast food were offered and when they were not offered. The impact of brand-name fast food service on school lunch participation differed depending on the types of service offering brand-name fast food. Offering brand-name fast food solely as part of reimbursable meals or a-la-carte items was shown to induce students to the lunch option where brand-name fast food was offered. The second study examined the relationship of brand-name fast food service to monthly participation rate by analyzing secondary data of 1,282 Indiana schools using multiple regression analysis. Offering brand-name fast food was associated with monthly participation rate in school lunch only when schools offered them solely a-la-carte. Based on the results of two studies, it was concluded that offering brand-name fast food induced students from other lunch options to the options where brand-name fast food was offered on the day of service. However, increased or decreased participation in school lunch only on a few days could have not impacted average school lunch participation over a month. It is recommended that schools planning to offer brand-name fast food should make it available as part of reimbursable school lunches so that usual school lunch eaters would not be distracted to a-la-carte lines.


"capture the image of the Madonna, as if they no longer let her offer herself to the chosen ones, but instead invade, like paparazzi, her 'private' realm" (pp. 207–8). Here the significance of the Italian title of the book becomes clear, for Apolito believes that this "vision by technology" has indeed succeeded in placing heaven on earth. For those scholars who are convinced that there is no such thing as religious experience but only experiences that come to be understood as religious, Apparitions of the Madonna at Oliveto Citra is essential reading. Apolito convincingly demonstrates here a natural social process by which the exchange of words (broadly understood to include visual symbols) around the claim to a vision of the Madonna eventuates in a symbolic context within which meaning is assigned to the experiences of the seers and their followers. Although this symbolic system of meaning is but one such system in the lives of pilgrims, it is, nonetheless, a singularly important component in their formation of a multifaceted social identity.


ABSTRACT If the legal foundation and political consensus underpinning United Nations resolutions suggests that North Korea's denuclearization can be understood as a just cause, were the means used by the United Nations also just? This essay draws on jus in bello analogies to analyze UN sanctions via standard ethical criteria of effectiveness, necessity and proportionality. It shows that UN sanctions did not fulfill the effectiveness criterion as they were never likely to result in the denuclearization of North Korea. The necessity condition was strained as the alternative instrument of diplomacy was not utilized in a sustained manner. Expanded sanctions from 2016 did not distinguish between the military and civilian economies. Stringent energy sanctions introduced in 2017 contributed significantly to a precipitous fall in agricultural production in 2018 such that the country could no longer feed about a third of the 25 million population. Post-2016 UN sanctions did not meet the proportionality criterion as they jeopardized the food security of millions of innocents. The DPRK government has primary responsibility for the welfare of its citizens but this assumption does not abrogate the responsibilities of others. Broad UN sanctions on the DPRK are neither effective nor proportionate and are, therefore, unethical.


Addresses the issue of developing a finitely computable necessary and sufficient test for checking the robust stability of an interval matrix and provides a complete solution to the problem in the form of a 'virtual edge' (a one dimensional search) result. The result uses the fact that the robust stability problem can be converted to a robust nonsingularity problem involving the original matrix and the associated bialternate sum matrix (which we label as the 'tilde' matrix). The special nature of the 'tilde' matrix is exploited with the introduction of concepts labeled 'real axis nonsingularity','virtual matrix family' and 'weighted real axis determinant'. The proposed necessary and sufficient condition involves checking if the weighted real axis determinants of the 'virtual edge' matrices are greater than the minimum of the weighted real axis determinants of the vertex matrices. This condition is to be checked in the 'tilde' matrix space. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a variety of examples.


Environmental pressures are pushing business organizations to adopt telecommuting, while technological barriers to telecommuting are diminishing. These factors are contributing to the overall trend of increased utilization of telecommuting employees (TCE). Therefore it is crucial for business organizations to recognize which functions can be successfully transferred to TCEs, which characteristics an ideal TCE should possess, as well as the challenges of managing from a distance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of telecommuting and identify opportunities for research that are relevant to both practitioners and academic researchers. The environmental pressures are leading organizations to pursue the utilization of TCEs as a viable solution to cost reduction, disaster recovery, and hiring in areas of low unemployment. Incorporating TCEs into the workforce can reduce requirements for parking, office space equipment, utility costs, and incremental overtime pay. Cost savings can also be realized by local municipalities as roadway and access requirements, congestion of public transportation systems, and pollution are reduced. TCEs have also proven to be an integral part of continuing operations after catastrophic events such as the earthquakes in California that crippled transportation systems and the terrorist attacks in New York City. Low unemployment in areas in which an organization has a physical presence can make it difficult to fill open positions; However, an organization can overcome this difficulty by hiring qualified TCEs in areas of the country with higher unemployment. In addition, diminishing technological barriers are also influencing the increased utilization of TCEs, which include reductions in the cost of telecommunications, increased bandwidth, faster computer processing, and userfriendly software, equipment, and channels for web access. Once a decision is made to incorporate TCEs into the workforce the organization must identify functions that can be successfully performed by a TCE. In order to facilitate success it is also important to test potential TCEs for basic skills, a willingness to ask for help when needed, an ability to work on their own, and an overall understanding of the nature of the job. One of the most important issues in facilitating the success of a TCE is effectively managing the TCE from a distance. This involves trusting the TCE to do the work, providing effective motivation, providing training and support, monitoring their productivity level, supplying all necessary equipment, paying for high speed connections, addressing increased security risks, and fostering social interaction with other employees within the organization. Therefore research is needed to identify measures of successful utilization of TCEs, the functions TCEs can successfully perform, the skills and psychological characteristics of an ideal TCE employee, effective training and support, and a means to involve the TCE as a member of the social work environment.


Alumina hollow fiber membrane with asymmetric structure has been developed using phase inversion technique followed by sintering process. The formation of asymmetric alumina hollow fiber was influenced by a phenomenon known as hydrodynamically unstable viscous fingering. A desired morphology of the ceramic hollow fiber membrane, that consists of 52 % of finger-like and the rest is sponge-like structure, is tailored by controlled parameters during membrane fabrication process. The result shows that the ratio of alumina/PESf should be reduced to 6. At this ratio, the finger-like structure can be easily formed with inner and outer diameters were 1.11 mm and 2.05 mm respectively. From the given thickness, approximately 243 µm of finger-like length can be developed originating from the lumen of hollow fiber.


Semi-partitioned scheduling is an approach to multiprocessor real-time scheduling where most tasks are fixed to processors, while a small subset of tasks is allowed to migrate. This approach offers reduced overhead compared to global scheduling, and can reduce processor capacity loss compared to partitioned scheduling. Prior work has resulted in a number of semi-partitioned scheduling algorithms, but their correctness typically hinges on a complex intertwining of offline task assignment and online execution. This brittleness has resulted in few proposed semi-partitioned scheduling algorithms that support dynamic task systems, where tasks may join or leave the system at runtime, and few that are optimal in any sense. This paper introduces EDF-sc, the first semi-partitioned scheduling algorithm that is optimal for scheduling (static) soft real-time (SRT) sporadic task systems and allows tasks to dynamically join and leave. The SRT notion of optimality provided by EDF-sc requires deadline tardiness to be bounded for any task system that does not cause over-utilization. In the event that all tasks can be assigned as fixed, EDF-sc behaves exactly as partitioned EDF. Heuristics are provided that give EDF-sc the novel ability to stabilize the workload to approach the partitioned case as tasks join and leave the system.


The numerical simulation in fluid mechanics has large application in chemical engineering. The objective of the present work is the analyze of a computational model for the fluid dynamics behaviour of a bubble column of the geometry cylindrical non regular with multiphase mixture. Experimental data and CFD results of the hydrodynamics of gaseous and liquid phases have been compared. Five different diameters of bubbles have been used in the CFD simulations. The comparisons between CFD simulations and experimental data show that the Eulerian-Eulerian approach provides a computational model that represents the process satisfactorily.


It is proposed in this essay that the taxation law system in China should be revised and improved as soon as possible according to the WTO rules and the practice of Chinese economic development. Some principles, e.g., the principle of legality in taxation, the principle of equality, and that of efficiency, gradualness in taxation work should be the basic principles in the reform of taxation law in this country.


Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is widely used to monitor remote areas, like battlefield, forest fire prone areas, etc. to monitor, collect data and make corrective action based on this information. WSN gained wide popularity for its flexibility and ability to collect data without or with minimal human interference. WSN consists of sensor nodes and one or multiple sink nodes or base stations (BSs). The sensor nodes sense and collect information and relay this data in a multi-hop fashion to the sink nodes. The sink nodes aggregated these data and communicate to a remote station, where it's analyzed and appropriate decision made. In WSNs the most common way to collect information is through flooding or data aggregation. The sensor nodes transmit the sensed data to the coordinator (BS) in a multi-hop fashion. In such scenarios, one of the common problems is interference amongst the sensor nodes while relaying the data. For example, collision occurs when more than two sensor nodes try to send their information to a third node simultaneously. This, in turn, leads to interference and increased number of re-transmission in the network. End-to-end delay or network latency is also increased. In our work, we have studied a way to minimize this interference and increase the performance of the network. We have considered two important aspects in our work. The first aspect is the physical layer capture effect and second is improved channel assignment between the sensor nodes. There has been a lot of work done on the capture effect and it is well known that capture effect in the physical layer enhances the performance. We study the effects of capture to improve channel assignment. Analyzing our initial results, we created a base network with 3 channels and another large WSN with the capture effect and assigned probability between each link pair. Once these two networks are selected, we used Qualnet simulator to simulate and study the performance of both the networks. We started our problem with 20 nodes and extended it up to 100 nodes. Variation in the density of the networks gave us very interesting results. We introduce an innovative solution that increases the performance in dense WSNs by exploiting physical layer capture effect to efficiently assign channels and reduce interference. Algorithms have been implemented and results obtained are summarized in this thesis along with the scope for future work.


The innovation in the field of automotive embedded systems has been increasingly relying on software-implemented functions. The control laws of these functions typically assume deterministic sampling rates and constant delays from input to output. However, on the target processors, the execution times of the software will depend on many factors such as the amount of interferences from other tasks, resulting in varying delays from sensing to actuating. Three approaches supported by tools, namely TrueTime, T-Res, and SimEvents, have been developed to facilitate the evaluation of how timing latencies affect control performance. However, these approaches support the simulation of control algorithms, but not their actual implementation. In this paper, we present a model interpretation engine running in a co-simulation environment to study control performances while considering the run-time delays in to account. Introspection features natively available facilitate the implementation of self-adaptive and fault-tolerance strategies to mitigate and compensate the run-time latencies. A DC servo controller is used as a supporting example to illustrate our approach. Experiments on controller tasks with injected delays show that our approach is on par with the existing techniques with respect to simulation. We then discuss the main benefits of our development approach that are the support for rapid-prototyping and the re-use of the simulation model at run-time, resulting in productivity and quality gains.


Mixed oxides with spinel structure have several applications. They are known as pigments with high thermal chemical stability, thus suitable for coloring enamels and ceramics [1]. Some spinel type compounds are also excellent refractory [2], magnetic [3] and catalytic materials [4, 5]. The spinel structure is made up by a face-centered cubic close-packed oxygen sublattice in which a fraction of the tetrahedral (T) and octahedral (O) sites are filled [6]. The crystal structure of spinel ferrites can be formulated in greater detail as (M1–λFeλ)[MλFe2–λ]O4. The parentheses and the square brackets denote cation sites of fourfold (T) and sixfold [O] oxygen coordination, respectively [7]. λ represents the so-called degree of inversion (defined either as the fraction of the (T) sites occupied by Fe 3+ cations or as the fraction of the [O] sites occupied by M 2+ cations. It is widely appreciated that the cation distribution in spinel ferrites, upon which many physical and chemical properties depend [8], is a complex function of processing parameters. Magnesium ferrite, MgFe2O4, is a soft magnetic n-type semiconducting material [9], which finds a number of applications in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption, sensors, and in magnetic technologies. The structural formula of magnesium ferrite is usually written as (Mg1–x Fex)[MgxFe2–x]O4 [10]. The structural formula of zinc ferrite is usually written as ( )( ) . Zn Fe Zn Fe O 1– 3+ 2+ 2– 4 2–


Persistent viral activity may cause enduring seropositivity and inflammation in treated people with HIV (PWH). We compared inflammatory biomarkers between early treated PWH who remained seronegative or seroconverted and found similar levels of D-dimer, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, indicating that seronegativity does not affect chronic inflammation in early treated PWH.


Due to the very high life of LED lamps, amounting to tens of thousands of hours, the life declared by the manufacturer is most often life determined on the basis of the method of forecasting the long term lumen maintenance. Life forecasting is based on operational measurements of the luminous flux drop over a period of at least up to 6000 h every 1000 h and extrapolation of the obtained results with an appropriate exponential curve. The article presents the results of measurements of luminous flux changes in the range of 0 to 9000 h of operation of light sources. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out and the life of the tested lamps was estimated.


The aim of the current work was to study the influence of stress on pigment production in Monascus purpureus under solid‐state fermentation. Thermal stress was induced by incubating the culture at various high temperatures. For giving osmotic stress, different concentration of NaCl and glycerol were added to the solid substrate prior to autoclaving. Morphological studies were done by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. When the cells were exposed to high temperature, high glycerol and salt concentration, significant changes in pigment production and growth were observed. High temperature (>45 °C) induced the production of more yellow pigments. High concentration of NaCl induced conidiation and caused a decrease in fungal biomass (up to 50%) but red pigment production increased from 11.86 OD/gds to 20.14 OD/gds. When subjected to glycerol stress, a significant increase in aerial mycelia was observed when compared with the control conditions. The results attain significance for exploiting the fungal culture of Monascus purpureus LPB 97 for producing colors of choice – red, or yellow, or increasing the yield of red pigments considerably. Thus, these results could well impact the commercial aspect of Monascus pigments for industrial application. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


INTERNATIONAL trade theory has been going through some difficult times lately-at least as far as those who still consider that theories should bear some relationship to measurable realities are concerned. Following the shock created by Leontief's paradoxical results in his test of the factor proportions explanation of international trade, trade theory has been groping its way towards new sets of explanations based either upon the introduction of " non-traditional " factors of production like skill and research and development, or upon wholly new conceptions of the interrelationship between international trade and operations of large firms, or both. Scale economies, technological gaps, product and marketing cycles and trade in intermediate inputs are the stock in trade of the latter explanations.2 At the same time that these new directions are being plotted for international trade theory and empirical testing of the resulting propositions multiplies, there is a minor revolution also occurring in the theory of direct investment. No longer can direct investment be analysed in the classical manner as a flow of extra capital into a country within which all else is held constant, with the static effects evaluated according to the tenets of orthodox marginal productivity analysis.3 The new approach applies the theory of industrial organisation to the activities of large oligopolistic firms who happen to straddle international boundaries.4 Tariffs, other trade barriers and incentives or disincentives to international capital flows are analogous, in this approach, to transport costs within national-level analysis of such firms' behaviour. Since investment and production abroad is quickly seen to be


Part I: Introduction Computational Intelligence: An Introduction Traditional Problem Definition Part II: Basic Intelligent Computational Technologies Neural Networks Approach Fuzzy Logic Approach Evolutionary Computation Part III: Hybrid Computational Technologies Neuro-fuzzy Approach Transparent Fuzzy/Neuro-fuzzy Modeling Evolving Neural and Fuzzy Systems Adaptive Genetic Algorithms Part IV: Recent Developments The State of the Art and Development Trends


With the coming of knowledge economy era,more and more people with creative abilities are needed by the society.However,creative thinking is a process,which can only exist on the basis of logical thinking.Nowadays,there are many social integrated ability tests every year,thus,the reality needs university students to grasp some logical knowledge and the ability of solving problems.Logic is an implemental subject,this character determines that it can be improved by systemic leaning and thinking practice,thus students can train their logical sense to become the logical consciousness,logical ability and logical spirit in all their lives.


Recent results from the CERN RD50 Collaboration for the development of radiation-hard detectors for the LHC upgrade (Super-LHC) and in general for very high luminosity colliders are reviewed, summarized and discussed. Particularly, the attention is focused on emerging technologies (Czochralski and Magnetic Czochralski silicon, thinned detectors, highly doped thin epitaxial layer on Czochralski substrate, pre-irradiated silicon, p-type substrate devices) and new detector structures (3D, 3D-STC, Semi-3D, and Stripixel).


In the Blue Book, Wittgenstein describes a certain general view of understanding and meaning, namely as mental processes which accompany the signs of our language, and which " give them life. " We are tempted, he says, " to think that the action of language consists of two parts: an inorganic part, the handling of signs, and an organic part, which we may call understanding these signs, meaning them, interpreting them, thinking " (Wittgenstein 1958, 3). Wittgenstein thinks that this temptation is to be avoided. In the place of the view he has described, he goes on to suggest an alternative answer to the question of what gives " life " to the otherwise dead signs of language: " if we had to name anything which is the life of the sign, we should have to say it was its use " (1958, 4). The idea that a sign's having meaning is a matter of its being used in a particular kind of way reappears in a famous passage from Philosophical Investigations: " For a large class of cases—though not for all—in which we employ the word 'meaning' it can be explained thus: the meaning of a sign is its use in the language " (1953, §43). Wittgenstein's rejection of the idea that meaning and understanding are mental processes which have to be added to signs to " give them life, " and the suggestion in his work of an alternative conception of meaning and understanding which we can label with the formula that " the meaning is the use, " have been the focus of a recent series of essays Stroud brings out in these essays the pervasiveness of the 1 The essays I have primarily in mind are " Practice " (2000) and " Meaning and Understanding " (forthcoming), although I do not discuss the last of these essays here.


This paper studies the advantages of Innovative Mode for open laboratory and its role in the cultivation of undergraduate students.It discusses the significance of strengthening open laboratory mode.


Segmentation classifies customers into groups which enables the retailers identify their target segment and provide the desired value. This paper is an attempt to group the customers and generate a profile of the revenue generating customer by identifying significant differences across lifestyle, demographic variables and information search. For this study, a scale for measuring the attitude, interest and opinion (AIO) for profiling the consumers of a single brand store is, specifically developed and tested for reliability. Implications for retailers are drawn and future research directions are indicated. Significant differences were found between different groups on their attitude, interest and opinion dimensions. The purposive and the purposive patrons were far more appearance conscious than the browsers. There was substantial difference in the product and quality expectations between browser and the purposive customers. The purposive and purposive patrons wanted to remain slim only for the sake of appearance and looks. So far, little work has been done towards segmenting the Indian consumer in the context of retailing which is available in the public domain. The results of this study have direct managerial implications. It would be helpful in planning and formulating the retailing mix. A detailed profile of their revenue generating customers would be useful for the conversion of footfall to sales by customizing its offerings.


A recent series of bandwidth measurements by several Bell Labs and Western Electric locations on the same set of fibers (a bandwidth measurement round robin) has addressed and clarified some of the problems that cause disagreement between test sets. Three measurements out of twelve had a large standard deviation (based on the results of all participants), which raised the overall ratio of the standard deviation to the mean ( \sigma/\mu ) to 12 percent. These three fibers had double-peaked outputs; the resulting transfer functions had either a plateau or an undulating behavior around the 3-dB level: changes in the launch conditions or source spectral width could shift the plateau or undulations from above the 3-dB level to below it, producing large changes in measured 3-dB bandwidth. Reducing measurement variations for such fibers will require closer control over the launch conditions and, for short wavelength measurements, the source spectral width. In addition, using the 3-dB bandwidth from a Gaussian fit to the transfer function instead of the transfer function itself greatly reduces measurement variations and in some cases provides a better prediction of the bandwidth of fiber concatenations.


Large epidemiological studies have demonstrated that elevated heart rate is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in healthy individuals with and without hypertension and in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Elevated heart rate has been found to be a more powerful predictor of later death than depressed left ventricular function. This means that heart rate in patients with congestive heart failure is not only reflecting depressed cardiac function. Heart rate should be viewed in the same light as other risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure or cholesterol, smoking, cardiac dysfunction, or diabetes. It is well documented that interventions against these risk factors improve prognosis, in terms of both primary and secondary prevention. Several large placebo-controlled trials of patients with acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure have demonstrated that beta-blocking agents reduce mortality and morbidity. In fact, the effects seem to be more marked in patients with higher pre-treatment heart rates, and these patients also demonstrate a more marked reduction in heart rate. It seems reasonable to believe that heart rate reduction per se is of major importance for the effects of beta-blockers. Beneficial effects on the prognosis after myocardial infarction have also been shown for some calcium antagonists, which also reduce heart rate. Heart rate should be considered as an important risk factor in patients at risk of CAD or with established CAD. Treatment should be started to reduce heart rate to a normal level, similar to the aim in the treatment of patients with hypertension.


Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Development Anthropology Part 3: Constructing the Intelligibility of the Events Based on Participant Observation Part 4: Interpretation of the Events Part 5: Latent Processes in Technical Assistance Part 6: Technical Assistance Event Management Part 7: Outlook


This article analyses state formation in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. The main question posed is this: Why has state power eroded so dramatically? To answer this question, the development of the state is analysed in the light of general theories of state formation. In spite of a situation which according to prevailing theories was conducive for the formation of a strong state, Zimbabwe entered a downward spiral, where state power gradually eroded. To explain this, it is necessary to move beyond these theories, and analyse the changing nature of the ruling regime's constituencies. While security threats and sources of revenue are important, their impact on processes of state formation is mediated by the inter-relationship between ruling regimes and their constituencies, which is shaped by society's class structure.


The utility model relates to an electric rubbing and massaging device for bathing, which is used for cleaning a body or massaging the body. The utility model comprises a motor, a flexible shaft, and a rubbing head. The utility model is characterized in that an output shaft of a speed adjusting motor is connected with one end of the flexible shaft through a shaft coupling, and the other end of the flexible shaft is connected with the rubbing head or a massaging body. The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, flexibility, convenience, and safety and has the characteristics that the parts of the body can be rubbed and kneaded through the rubbing head, and the parts of the body can be massaged in a vibration mode through the replacement of the massaging body.


Neobalanocarpus heimii, locally known as chengal, is an important timber species in Peninsular Malaysia. Owing to the high demand for its valuable timber, N. heimii is subjected to illegal logging and this species may become endangered in the near future. The present study was designed to identify a set of highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers for timber tracking of N. heimii. An extensive evaluation of 51 STRs developed for Dipterocarpaceae managed to identify 12 STR loci (Nhe004, Nhe005, Nhe011, Nhe015, Nhe018, Hbi161, Sle392, Sle605, Slu044a, Shc03, Shc04 and Shc07), which showed specific amplification, high polymorphism, single-locus mode of inheritance, absence of null alleles and absence of mononucleotide repeat motifs in N. heimii. These loci can be readily used to establish a linkage between the evidentiary sample and the source, thus providing a useful set of markers for individual identification in N. heimii.


Recent investigations carried out in several laboratories have demonstrated that columns of Sephadex G-25 and G-10 can be used for separating nucleosidesl 5 . The s~parations reported so far were obtained on large amounts of material (at least 300 nmoles of each nucleoside) and required over 10 h. We report here a new method allowing the separation in 2.5 h of the four common nucleosides, of either series, at the level of 1-10 nmoles. This new procedure, involving chromatography of nucleosides at pH lOA on fractionated, Sephadex G-I0 beads, has already been extensively tested in our6 as well as in other laboratories79 . A new experimental set-up and a rapid and precise calculation method, requiring 15-20 min per analysis, have been developed in connection with the new procedure. The present method has been largely inspired by an improved procedure for the separation of nucleosides on columns of Bio Gel P-2, also developed in our laboratoryl0. The two methods have comparable merits, at least as far as the separation of the four common nucleosides is concerned. The order of elution of nucleosides trom the two columns is not the same, however; the choice of one method over the other may therefore depend upon the nucleoside composition of the mixture to be analyzed. In addition it is likely that one method has distinct advantages over the other when dealing with the separation of other nucleosides. As in the case of P-2 columns, nucleotides are much less retarded than nucleosides. This permits analyses of nucleosides in the presence of nucleotides and chain length determinations.


The Gaussian stationary point in an inequality motivated by the Z-interference channel was recently conjectured by Costa, Nair, Ng, and Wang to be the global optimizer, which, if true, would imply the optimality of the Han-Kobayashi region for the Gaussian Z-interference channel. This conjecture was known to be true for some parameter regimes, but the validity for all parameters, although suggested by Gaussian tensorization, was previously open. In this paper we construct several counterexamples showing that this conjecture may fail in certain regimes: A simple construction without Hermite polynomial perturbation is proposed, where distributions far from Gaussian are analytically shown to be better than the Gaussian stationary point. As alternatives, we consider perturbation along geodesics under either the $L^{2}$ or Wasserstein-2 metric, showing that the Gaussian stationary point is unstable in a certain regime. Similarity to stability of the Levy-Cramer theorem is discussed. The stability phase transition point admits a simple characterization in terms of the maximum eigenvalue of the Gaussian maximizer. Similar to the Holley-Stroock principle, we can show that in the stable regime the Gaussian stationary point is optimal in a neighborhood under the $L^{\infty }$ -norm with respect to the Gaussian measure. Allowing variable power control, we show that the Gaussian optimizers for the Han-Kobayashi region always lie in the stable regime. Finally, an amended conjecture is proposed.


The fuel-pump designing method based on knowledge and visualization technology has been presented in this paper. In the concept design, the CBD (Case based d esign) or Model-based design method can be used. The KDD (knowledge discovery f rom database) technology is used to mining the design coefficient to suppor t the model-based design. The injection process is simulated. The concept d esign scheme will be checked and redesign by the fuzzy technology. In the detail ed design, the product family design method based on constrain is used, and the result is checked by the assembly simulation. These technologies have been researched, the corresponding software has been developed and applied in fac tory.


A complex-energy, complex-interaction Nikitin-like model is proposed to describe the vacancy-sharing process when many quasimolecular states are strongly coupled. The vacancy-sharing ratio is obtained in closed analytical form. The general result is used to calculate the L-K vacancy sharing in the C/sup +/+Ar, N/sup +/+Ar, and O/sup +/+Ar collisions.


Five new dicarboxylic acid-functionalized pseudorotaxanes, comprised of a bis(1,5-naphtho)-38-crown-10 ring-component and a N,N′-di(n-carboxyalkyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dihexafluorophosphate (n = 4 or 5, alkyl = butyl or pentyl) rod-component, have been synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis and 1H-NMR spectroscopic, ESI-MS and/or X-ray crystallographic methods. Depending on the temperature of crystallization and the molar ratio between the N,N′-di(4-carboxybutyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium rod and the crown ether, three different polymorphs were obtained. In the case of the N,N′-di(5-carboxypentyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium rod, two different pseudorotaxane-structures were obtained at different temperatures and in the presence of one or two different counterions. The latter one is an unprecedented example of a pseudorotaxane in which the bipyridinium rod is not sandwiched in-between the crown ether ring's two naphthalene units, as expected, but forms intermolecular π–π interactions with neighboring pseudorotaxanes.


The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the rhGM-CSF gel on third degree frostbite wounds. 62 patients who had suffered third degree frostbite on their hand or foot (91 wounds in total ) were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to two groups: the rhGM-CSF group(31patients,45 frostbite wounds) received the rhGM-CSF gel when wound dressing change daily, however, the control group (31patients, 46 frostbite wounds) received aloe glue. The wound healing time , the score of inflammation about the wound and the positive bacterial culture of wound secretions was used to measure outcomes respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS (25.0), student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test or Fisher exact test were selected, as appropriate. The healing time of the rhGM-CSF group was (12.2±5.0) days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (15.5±4.7) days (P <0.0001). The rhGM-CSF group's wound inflammation scores on the 7th and 14th day of treatment were (0.96±0.21) and (1.88±0.29) respectively, which were better than those of the control group (1.12±0.24) and (1.38±0.15) (both P <0.0001). The positive bacterial culture of wound secretions in the rhGM-CSF group was also better than that in the control group on the 3rd , 7th and 14th day after treatment (P =0.027, 0.004, 0.030 respectively). According to the results, using rhGM-CSF gel considerably increases the speed of frostbite wounds healing, and have an effect on protecting third degree frostbite wounds regarding the positive effects.


Abstract : Today it is clear that information, not ordnance or weapons systems is the current coin of the realm in serious discussions of future warfare. Each of the military departments are now wrestling with how to procure, employ and organize units to take advantage of the anticipated flood of information and the "dominant battlespace awareness" which it confers. Joint Vision 2010 posits that near perfect battlefield knowledge makes smaller units increasingly more capable. Does this mean those unit leaders will now become operational level commanders? What are anticipated changes and processes to develop leaders who can operate and execute the art of command using the advantages of information age technologies? Will the art of command dramatically change? What changes should be made to the training system to adapt leaders to these changes? This monograph considers information superiority and its impact on the training of future military leaders.


Synthesis of two non-nucleosidic phosphoramidite building blocks, 1 a, b, that enable attachment of various tether groups to oligonucleotides at their 5'-terminus (or 1 '-OH of 3'-deoxypsiconucleoside units) is described. Introduction of these linkers during the oligonucleotide assembly on a solid support, and their subsequent derivatization upon deprotection, afforded amino-, carboxy-, and sulfanyl-alkyl-tethered oligonucleotides.


Let X= Rn+ × R denote the underlying manifold of polyradial functions on the Heisenberg group Hn.We construct a generalized translation on X=Rn+ × R, and establish the Plancherel formula on L2(X,dμ).Using the Gelfand transform we give the condition of generalized wavelets on L2(X,dμ). Moreover, we show the reconstruction formulas for wavelet packet trnasforms and an inversion formula of the Radon transform on X.


Erosion and river flow affect the increase of suspended sediment loads. Sedimentation is the common problem found around the estuary. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tides during the new moon, full moon, ¼ half moon, and ¾ half moon to the concentration of suspended sediment around the waters of Kuala Pidie Sigli City. The station is determined using purposive sampling technique at 5 station and direct sampling technique is done by using 330 ml sample bottle. Sampling was taken during high tide for each condition of the lunar cycle, then analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the highest concentration was 7535 mg / L at station 1 when the low tide condition of the lunar month ¾, and the smallest was 100 mg / L at station 1 when the low tide condition of the new moon. The concentration of suspended sediments is affected by erosion and tidal currents. During full moon conditions, the concentration of suspended sediments at station 5 (downstream) is greater than station 1 (upstream).


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Characteristics of MgO layer deposited under hydrogen atmosphere were investigated. Hydrogen doping was conducted by e‐beam evaporation of MgO layer under hydrogen atmosphere and its effects were evaluated using various methods including SEM, ICCD, and Paschen curve measurements. In addition, voltage transfer curve was measured on those films in order to evaluate wall voltage and charge. The results indicated that the doping of hydrogen to MgO film enhances the luminance efficiency significantly.


A transition from methadone to buprenorphine without intervening withdrawal symptoms is critical for advancing the treatment of opioid-dependent patients. Four pregnant inpatients were transferred from methadone (65-85 mg) to five days of immediate release morphine (IRM) and then to buprenorphine (12-28 mg). Withdrawal scores decreased during the five days of IRM and subsequently increased over the first three days on buprenorphine. The transitional use of IRM appears safe for both mother and fetus. Withdrawal symptoms appeared during buprenorphine induction; however, these data suggest that the intensity of withdrawal symptoms may be lessened by the dose and frequency of buprenorphine administration.


Ichthyosaura alpestris was encountered for the first time ever at low altitudes in the western region of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains. The species comes down to 208m a.s.l., being present in forest habitats. On the eastern side of the massif, I. alpestris is absent from low altitudes and it is rare even at normal altitudes. The presence of these populations at low altitudes in a region found at the limit of sub-Mediterranean influences is explained by the existence of a glacial refuge for I. alpestris in this area, which migrated very little to the east afterwards, due to the massif's particularities. Thus, the presence of low altitude I. alpestris populations from the Poiana Ruscă Mountains is similar with that from the Apuseni Mountains, being determined by the same factors.


In Russian not all sentences containing negative words express the negative meaning.In fact the sentences which are negative in form and affirmative in meaning are very common.The article introduces structures of strong mood from five aspects:words,simple sentences,subordinative compounds,double negative sentences and idiomatic phrase.


Individuality fascination of lecture not only embodies on the profound and original contents,but also should have particular style and fascination when expression.Lecture is to show oneself on the audience,should apply different styles according to different contents and occasions so as to express oneself perfectly and avoid the stylization;should inject passion and zeal into the lecture,activate the lecture's content with passion,at the same time shape particular and individual lecture style.


Current signature-based approaches for detecting the presence of hidden messages in digital files - the initial step in steganalysis - rely on discerning "footprints" of steganographic tools. Of greater recent concern is detecting the use of novel proprietary or "home-grown" tools for which no signature has been established. This research focuses on detecting anomalies in seemingly innocuous images, applying a genetic algorithm within a computational immune system to leverage powerful image processing through wavelet analysis. The sensors developed with this new, synergistic system demonstrated a surprising level of capability to detect the use of steganographic tools for which the system had no previous exposure.


The conference of the project group "Transnational Contemporary History" at the GWZO Leipzig aims at approaching the history of the first half of the 20th century in East Central Europe from a transnational perspective. Taking traditional national historical narratives, these decades appear to be a period of nationalization and deglobalization, which holds true for the region. (Nation)states such as Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia were (re)established after the monarchies of the Habsburgs, Hohenzollerns, and Romanovs fell apart. Wilsonian idealism, promoting national self-determination, gained a fertile ground in East Central Europe. As a by-product of the "principle of nationality", national minorities started to play an increasing role in the region's inner and outer relations. Not least, the 1930s were dominated by the Great Depression as well as autarkic economic policies and nationalist ideologies of many regimes. In an ex-post perspective, these "national" lines of development are made more prominent with the knowledge following World War II, resulting in all processes during this period to be reduced to a history of "inter-war". In this reduction, however, other aspects of social development are marginalized by this dominant perspective: the continuities across the apparent historical breaks of 1914/18 or 1939/45, the openness of the moment felt by contemporaries after World War I, and the sense of the beginning of a "New Europe" in a "New World" after the break-up of the empires. A transnational perspective may help to see the region and the period in another light.


Traffic sign recognition plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems. Motivated by the recent success of deep learning in the application of traffic sign recognition, we present a shallow network architecture based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The network consists of only three convolutional layers for feature extraction, and it learns in a backward optimization way. We propose the method of combining different pooling operations to improve sign recognition performance. In view of real-time performance, we use the activation function ReLU to improve computational efficiency. In addition, a linear layer with softmax-loss is taken as the classifier. We use the German traffic sign recognition benchmark (GTSRB) to evaluate the network on CPU, without expensive GPU acceleration hardware, under real-world recognition conditions. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method is effective and fast, and it achieves the highest recognition rate compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, in two main similar stencil I and II of the shape, which is preliminarily formed component on the surface of the two thin sheet metal material. The stencil I and II, to form a moves by the width of the contour that is curved along the longitudinal axis of the stent, and the contours are crooked alternating pairs are preliminarily overlapped on top of each other. One pair of contour wish curved, finished by simply overlie the contour (14) which are curved contour (12) which is bent with a stencil I of the stencil II, whereas bent adjacent thereto and the pair of contour is carried out by overlaying on the contour (13) which are curved contour (15) which is crooked stencil II of stencil I. In unfolded shape of the stent, semicircles are formed so as to be arranged in the order, the contour are crooked stencil II is passed through a groove between contours are crooked stencil I.


THE association of multiple sebaceous cysts and polyposis of the colon in one family does not seem to have been described before, although the type of familial polyposis which involves mainly the small intestine and causes intussusception has often been found in association with peculiar melanin-pigmented


There are disparities that exist between public health and personal health care in addressing childhood obesity. Public health efforts to reduce the prevalence of this epidemic have focused on preventive strategies because a coordinated system of health care to address the treatment of obesity in children does not exist. For children who are already overweight, these strategies are not enough. What programs do exist are typically fee-for-service. This study examines the ethics and implications of the disparities that exists in our nation, as well as the role socioeconomic status plays in adolescent overweight and obesity and its primary behavior risk factors. Students from lowsocioeconomic status were more likely to lack health insurance and access to care. They also had increased risks of being overweight or obese partly due to their living environment. This demonstrates the need for more joint health efforts, such as community based programs and affordable access to multi-disciplinary partnerships. INDEX WORDS: Childhood obesity, Obesity, Socioeconomic status, Public health, Health care, Disparities CHASMS IN CARE: IMPLICATIONS OF A DISPARATE SYSTEM ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY


Small angle neutron scattering has been used to probe the self-assembled structures formed by novel block copolymers in water and two protic ionic liquids (ILs), ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and propylammonium nitrate (PAN). The block copolymers consist of solvophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) tethered to either poly(ethyl glycidyl ether) (PEGE) or poly(glycidyl propyl ether) (PGPrE) solvophobic blocks. Four block copolymers (EGE109EO54, EGE113EO115, EGE104EO178, and GPrE98EO260) have been investigated between 10 and 100 °C, showing how aggregate structure changes with increasing the EO block length, by changing the insoluble block from EGE to the more bulky, hydrophobic GPrE block, and with temperature. EO solubility mainly depends on the hydrogen bond network density, and decreases in the order H2O, EAN, and then PAN. The solubility of the EGE and GPrE blocks decreases in the order PAN, EAN then water because the large apolar domain of PAN increase the solubility of the solvophobic blocks more effective...