Objectives
To prospectively examine the association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk, and test the association in a meta-analysis combining the present data with previous studies.

Methods
The current cohort study included 96,043 participants (mean age 51.3 y), free of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cancer at baseline (2006). Serum LDL-C concentrations were assessed in 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Cumulative average LDL-C concentrations were calculated from all available LDL-C data during that period. Incident ICH was confirmed by review of medical records.

Results
We identified 753 incident ICH cases during 9 years of follow-up. The ICH risk was similar among participants with LDL concentrations of 70-99 mg/dL and those with LDL-C concentrations ≥100 mg/dL. In contrast, participants with LDL-C concentrations less than 70 mg/dL had a significantly higher risk of developing ICH than those with LDL-C concentrations of 70-99 mg/dL -adjusted HR 1.65 (95%CI, 1.32 to 2.05) for LDL-C concentrations of 50-69 mg/dL and 2.69 (95%CI, 2.03 to 3.57) for LDL-C concentrations of <50 mg/dL. In the meta-analysis of 11 prospective studies, the pooled HRs of hemorrhagic stroke for per 10 mg/dL decrement in LDL-C was 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.06).

Conclusions
We observed a significant association between lower LDL-C and higher risk of ICH when LDL-C concentrations <70 mg/dL, and the risk decreased to a non-significance level and stabilized when LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL. These data can help determination of ideal LDL range in patients who are at increased risk of both atherosclerotic disease and hemorrhagic stroke and also guide planning of future lipid lowering studies.

Funding Sources
Supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health.

Supporting Tables Images and/or Graphs


Food has lost its important role in city´s life thus its presence in people´s life has also weakened. Cities are less able to sustain themselves and rely on import food. Supermarkets, which offer a ...


Our present cheerless existence compels us involuntarily to doubt the correctness of many of the propositions of the Soviet "social philosophy" that for many years, under the title "historical materialism," was officially proclaimed to be the "only correct" and "truly scientific" theory of social development, a theory that demonstrated the inevitability of the replacement of capitalism by socialism.


The light fixture (1) may include a LED (3), each LED emits light to the inner lens (4) in a specific region (A, B, C, D), wherein each zone has its own focusing characteristics. Each LED (3) may be grouped into one (or more) subsets of light impinging region corresponds to its transmission. LED (3) may optionally be electrically controlled, so that the device can be (1) electronic control system controls the amount of light transmitted through each region. Since the light emitted by the different regions with different widths (A, B, C, D) transmitted from the device (1), the electronic control system to directly control the amount of light emitted per width. By the relatively narrow and relatively wide light light mixing in suitable proportions, the device (1) of the electronic control system may generate light having any desired between "narrow" and "wide" angular distribution.


This paper presents an optical waveguide isolator based on two-mode interference (TMI) couplers, by utilizing the magneto-optical nonreciprocal phase shift (NPS). The operating principle of this device is to utilize the difference between the nonreciprocal phase shifts of the two lowest-order modes. A two-dimensional (2D) semi-vectorial finite difference method is used to calculate the difference between the nonreciprocal phase shifts of the two lowest-order modes and optimize the parameters. The proposed device may play an important role in integrated optical devices and optical communication systems.


In this paper, we propose a new adaptive scheme in which an optimal distance-based update threshold is selected not only as a function of the call-to-mobility ratio, but also as a function of mobile's traveling patterns, modeled by a transitional directivity index. We demonstrated that by means of the optimal threshold selection, the impact variations in the inter-ring transitional probability on the operational cost can be determined. Simulation results show that the additional information made available about roaming mobile's transitional directivity is critical to ensure the realization of an optimal update threshold. Other advances include the simplification of the existing Markovian movement model presentation.


The globalized interests of human power capital are the welfare increase brought forth by the global distribution of human power capital. However, the total increased world welfare due to the international circulation of human power capital does not mean a fair distribution of the increased welfare into each country of the world. The human power capital flows from developing countries to developed countries, and what the latter benefited is more than what the formal lost. From a dynamic perspective, developing countries should keep a free channel for the flow of human power capital, actively attract the human power capital that has obtained extra values to flow back and even get the human power capital to flow from developed countries to developing countries so that more benefits can be obtained from the international flow of the human power capital.


Background. Because nightmares seem to be associated with depression in schizophrenia, detecting them early in therapeutic practice might be critical to ensuring effective avoidance of the development of depressive symptomatology. This helps promote well-being and improve the patient's quality of life and illness prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the indirect effect of depression between nightmares and well-being in a Lebanese sample of patients with schizophrenia. Method. This monocentric cross-sectional study, conducted in July 2022, enrolled patients with chronic schizophrenia admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross. Data were collected from a total of 148 participants through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire included a nightmares measure, PSYRATS, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia, PTSD checklist for DSM-5, the digit span subset, and WHO-5Well-Being Index. Results. The presence of nightmares was significantly associated with more depression, whereas higher depression was significantly associated with lower well-being. It is noteworthy that the presence of nightmares was not directly associated with well-being. Conclusion. Nightmares lead indirectly to lower well-being in schizophrenia patients, with depression serving as a mediating factor in this association. This suggests that interventions aiming at improving dream content may also have a beneficial effect in reducing depression in schizophrenia leading therefore to better well-being of the patients.


In this paper we present a holistic wafer-level manufacturing process for nanoscopic sensor devices based on individualized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) integrated in MEMS. The fabrication technology is demonstrated in detail. Moreover, a first application in form of a MEMS test stage for SWCNT strain and reliability experiments is shown.


Research continues to differentiate the impact of water activity (a(W)) and the glass transition temperature (T(g)) on chemical reactions. Invertase with and without sucrose was incorporated into low and high molecular weight poly(vinylpyrrolidone) model systems (PVP-LMW and PVP-K30, respectively). Invertase activity and sucrose hydrolysis were monitored during storage at a(W) = 0.32-0.75 and 30 degrees C. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for activity loss in PVP-K30 were not different, regardless of the system being glassy or rubbery. In PVP-LMW, invertase stability decreased with increasing a(W). An a(W) > 0.62 was required for sucrose hydrolysis to occur in PVP-LMW. PVP molecular weight appeared to affect invertase stability and reactivity. No dramatic change around T(g) was found in either invertase stability or sucrose hydrolysis, suggesting that T(g)-dictated mobility has a minimal effect on these reactions in amorphous solids.


CHAPTER 1
Background and Purpose 1

CHAPTER 2
Review of Previous Studies 7
1. Impact of Immigration on Population Size 9
2. Impact of Immigration on Population Structure 12
3. Impact of Immigration on Fertility 14
4. Impact of Immigration on Population Distribution 18

CHAPTER 3
Data and Method 21
1. Data 23
2. Method 25

CHAPTER 4
Demographic Effect of Immigration 39
1. Effect of Immigration on Population Size 41
2. Effect of Immigration on Population Structure 51

CHAPTER 5
Conclusion 57

References 63


Stretchable sensors that utilize machine‐assisted printing techniques afford significant benefits in terms of both bulk and output uniformities. These sensors have found extensive utility across diverse fields, such as wearables, robotics, and biomedical applications. However, existing printed sensor systems, once printed, are limited in their model variations and are heavily dependent on passive materials owing to their substrate‐bound nature. In this study, a printed sensor that utilizes a substrate–sensor isolation strategy is reported, thereby allowing size and design reconfigurability and a Lego‐like assembly. This approach enables device customization through post‐design modifications of specific sensing targets. The electrohydrodynamic printing process is utilized for sensor production, offering a high electrical bias between the substrate and nozzle during printing; this enables in situ dipole alignment, eliminating the need for a separate poling process. The mechanical and electrical stabilities of the sensors are assessed by cyclic testing at 50% strain for 1200 cycles. To illustrate the practical applications of these sensor models, sensors are implemented in wearable and in vivo biomedical applications.


In this paper, a simple buoy was used for the power generation tests with a DE powered by waves in the two-dimensional wave tank and the experimental results were analyzed. This research result shows that the optimization of equipment shape and buoy based on the characteristics of the wave for power generation is very important. The extension and contraction of the DE are determined by the motion characteristics of the Heave of the simple shaped buoy model. Furthermore, in order to have freedom in tuning the motion characteristics of Heave, we found that a device capable of setting the spring characteristics of the DE to the smallest possible size with respect to the size of the floating body is necessary. By well matching these factors, high power generation with high efficiency can be realized in a real sea area.


In vitro culture and plant regenaration of Trachelospermum asiaticum cv.Ougonnishiki by tissue culture using its blade were studied.Inoculated the blade into MS medium and with different concerdration of BA and NAA.Observed growth condition under different temperature,illumination,medium and fertilizer.The results showed that the optimum medium for callus induction was MS supplemented with BA 3 mg/L,NAA 0.2 mg/L,3% sucrose and 0.5% agar.The optimum medium for the formation and growth of cluster buds was MS supplemented with BA 1.5 mg/L,NAA 0.2 mg/L,3% sucrose and 0.5% agar.The optimum medium for rooting was 1/2 MS with NAA 0.2 mg/L,3% sucrose and 0.5% agar.The cultivation for ornamental of test-tube was also studied.The optimum temperature was 20~30℃.The optimum light intensity was 80%.The optimum medium was peat or 2/3 peat and 1/3 vermiculite.The best proportion of N,P and K was 1∶1∶1.The test-tube plantlets can be cultivated as a pot flower and ornamental lawn with high ornamental value.


Summary: The paper reports a study on the flexibility of a family of 1:1 hydrolysed maleic anhydride (maleic acid, MA)–olefin copolymers in dilute aqueous solution. The copolymers were MA–ethene, MA–propene and MA–isobutene. The study was carried out in the absence and in the presence of monomonovalent salts and at different polymer concentrations. Experimental data showing the negative logarithm of the 'apparent' dissociation constant, pKa versus the degree of dissociation, α, experimental data were obtained from potentiometric titrations using NaOH, KOH or tetramethylammonium hydroxide as the base. The pKa data were fully described with calculated curves obtained using an extension of the counterion condensation theory of linear polyelectrolytes, in which a semiflexible model for the polymers was introduced. Under the present experimental condition, no relevant specificity of the monovalent counterions was apparently observed for the different copolymers. The calculated pKa versus α curves allowed the derivation of both the intrinsic dissociation constants of the first and the second dissociation steps for the different copolymers and the corresponding stiffness parameters built into the model. The agreement between the experimental and calculated data shows an appreciable success of the model. The results pointed to an increase of stiffness parallel to the increase of size of the olefin comonomer, in qualitative agreement with already published findings. Furthermore, for all copolymers the chain rigidity was larger in the α range of the first dissociation than in that of the second one. The former rigidity was attributed to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds upon the first ionisation of the MA repeating units, followed by an increase of rotational freedom upon breaking of the H-bond in the second dissociation step. Comparison of the rigidity parameters of the MA copolymers with the data obtained for other polyelectrolytes, both natural—poly(L-glutamic acid) and pectic acid—and synthetic—poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid)—was also performed.


Thermal conversions of the organic matter in coal take place in two principal regimes: the zone and bulk regimes. Analytical expressions of the conditions favoring caking of coal in both regimes are given. Derivatization and differential thermogravimetry were used to study the weight loss of coal during the bulk regime. Experiments are described related principally to the study of interparticulate diffusion in thermal conversion and its effect on the properties of the intermediate and final products. 9 references, 3 figures, 5 tables.


(ethics, synnoetics, and synoptics) and electives (empirics, aesthetics, and symbolics) may differ substantively from most gifted programs. The gifted student is required to produce knowledge that is &dquo;critical for and proof of&dquo; giftedness. The Handbook identifies four concerns : the nature of the gifted learner, the role of the DEG educationist, the demands of knowledge, and the needs of society. The authors determine 32 key concepts from the theoretical positions of these concerns and make rec-


We use a 100 ks long XMM-Newton observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564 and combine it with the month-long monitoring of the same source produced by ASCA, to calculate the phase lags and coherence between different energy bands, over frequencies from ∼10 -6 to 10 -3 Hz. This is the widest frequency range for which these spectral-timing properties have been calculated accurately for any active galactic nuclei (AGN). The 0.7-2 and 2-10 keV ASCA light curves, and the XMM-Newton light curves in corresponding energy bands, are highly coherent (∼0.9) over most of the frequency range studied. We observe time lags between the energy bands, increasing both with time-scale and with energy separation of the bands. The time lag spectrum shows a broad peak in the 10 -5 to 5 x 10 -4 Hz frequency range, where the time lags follow a power-law slope ∼- 0.7. Above ∼5 x 10 -4 Hz the lags drop below this relation significantly. This change in slope resembles the shape of the lag spectra of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRB) in the very high or intermediate state. The lags increase linearly with the logarithm of the separation of the energy bands, which poses one more similarity between this AGN and BHXRBs.


Strategic intent and business models are inherent aspects of any large organization's workings. The large organizations that operate in the Indian truck manufacturing industry are no exceptions to this norm. The deliberations in the previous chapter clearly points out the need to understand the differences in perceptions/preference for value and the willingness to pay for that value between various customers (transporters). Also, from the observations of section 2.4, we find that the academicians and professionals have focused upon the importance, relevance and peculiarities of business models, we found it motivating to delve into this aspect of the trucking business and the truck manufacturing industry.


A first plurality of correlation time, by correlating the spread spectrum signal and the spread sequence, to process the spread spectrum signal, generating a first plurality of time offset correlation. The first handle multiple time offset correlations to produce a first symbolic representation of the symbol. Determining a first quality of the first symbolic representations. In response to the first quality is determined, it determines further whether to process the first symbol representation, whether to process the second symbolic representation of symbols generated from the spread spectrum signal. The first quality, for example, decodes the first symbolic representation, such as decoding metrics or CRC result, it can be determined by generating error check indicator. Symbolic representation of quality can be generated and / or evaluated continuously or in parallel.


Three species of angiosperm in Inner Mongolia are reported,among those,Caragana polourensis Franch.,Zygophyllum kansuense Y.X.Liou,Phlomis jeholensis Nakai et Kitag..The voucher specimens are hold in HIMC.


Both the countries and the multinational companies get in contact with each other in many ways during the development of the world economy. You have to consider the alternative of becoming multinational if the domestic markets don't provide enough opportunities for the company to expand or if the conditions of the economy are inappropriate. Today it's the accomplishment of this process that makes the backbone of the economic globalization. The globalisation and being multinational can only be advantageous for every participant of the world economy, if their advantages are unambiguously perceptible for both parties. A multinational company must cooperate with the domestic participants in order to improve the country's economic situation, so it can help its own development more too. This way of thinking should be organically built into the international strategies, and we need a kind of economic activity, with which the situation can be more beneficial for both parties. This study is dealing with the strategic questions of becoming international. Principally it's looking for the answer for what kind of challenges a multinational company has to face on the markets of the Hungarian economy, and why is it so important to build a better organizational culture and why the intercultural culture is the key!


Mixed aminotroponiminate ([ATI]−) cyclopentadienyl complexes were prepared using two different synthetic routes. Reaction of [[(iPr)2ATI]YCl2(THF)2]2 (1) with KCp* (Cp* = C5Me5) or Li[C5H3(SiMe3)2] affords [(iPr)2ATI]YCp2* (2a) and [(iPr)2ATI]Y[C5H3(SiMe3)2]2 (2b), respectively. Moreover, [(iPr)2ATI]YCp2* has also been obtained from the reaction of Cp2*Y(μ-Cl)2Li(OEt2)2 (3) and [(iPr)2ATI]K. The single crystal X-ray structure of [(iPr)2ATI]YCp2* shows that the steric demand of the [(iPr)2ATI]− ligand is somewhat similar to that of the well-known cyclopentadienyl group and diazadiene ligand. [(iPr)2ATI]Y[C5H3(SiMe3)2]2 shows a dynamic behavior in solution (1H NMR), which is essentially caused by rotation of the cyclopentadienyl group rather than by migration of the [(iPr)2ATI]− ligand.


The invention relates to a motor vehicle passenger compartment heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning unit casing comprising at least: an induction chamber (2) the peripheral wall of which forms a volute housing (12) and which is intended to accommodate an impeller of a motor - fan unit, a distribution chamber (4) connected to an outlet (3) of the induction chamber (2), distribution channels (5) connected to an outlet of the distribution chamber (4). According to the invention, the casing comprises an internal partition element (15) of which one face forms at least part of the volute housing (12) and of which the opposite face to the volute housing forms one wall of at least one distribution channel (5).


The semiconductor device (200) comprising: a metal-containing area (203); is formed of a dielectric layer with a small e (206) over the metal-containing area (203); a barrier layer stack (250) is formed between the metal-containing area (203) and the dielectric layer with a small e (206), wherein the barrier layer stack (250) comprising: a first dielectric layer (257), which (on the metal-containing region 203 ) is formed (of nitrided silicon carbide SiCN) is structured and has a first thickness, a second dielectric layer (251) formed on the first dielectric layer (257) and has a second thickness, and a third dielectric layer (252 ), which is formed on the second dielectric layer (251) is composed of nitrided silicon carbide and has a third thickness, wherein the first thickness and the second thickness being smaller than the third thickness.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Submitted: 15-10-2021 Revised: 26-10-2021 Accepted: 28-10-2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT: Cement production consumes a considerable amount of raw material and energy, and releases a large quantity of CO2. Industrial byproducts, such as coal fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag, have been successfully used in cementitious materials and have achieved sufficient social and environmental benefits. Currently, agricultural and forestry residues are mainly used as biomass fuel. The resulting bottom ash or fume ash is the final waste, which has aroused wide research interest. In the present study, a literature survey study was done on Bagasse Ash & Marble waste as a partial replacement on concrete & brick specimens that can improve the strength properties. From detailed study it is found that at 10% replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash, the compressive strength of concrete is higher when compared to other proportions and at 50% replacement of coarse aggregate with marble waste the strength of concrete is increased. A numerical investigation is done from a research paper and found that the modulus of Elasticity of concrete also seems to increase on replacing cement with sugarcane bagasse ash and Marble waste.


Abstract Surveys of homeowners in two Wisconsin communities examined the relationship of media use to a set of cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral components of energy conservation. The perceived importance of the energy issue was associated with media use in both communities. In addition, this relationship was stronger the more energy related the communication variable. Communicaton did not, however, relate consistently to energy behavior. Utility pamphlets had opposite relationships with energy conservation across communities. It is suggested that conservation campaigns must take into account the communication and energy use environment of specific groups of consumers, and that research into the impact of mass media on energy issue salience is particularly important in times of energy "gluts."


They are Web languages, protocols, guidelines and inter-operative and international technologies created with the purpose of guiding the Web to its maximum potential


We present a simple algorithm which maintains the topological order of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) with n nodes, under an online edge insertion sequence, in O(n2.75) time, independent of the number m of edges inserted. For dense DAGs, this is an improvement over the previous best result of O(min{m3/2 log n, m3/2 + n2 log n}) by Katriel and Bodlaender [2006]. We also provide an empirical comparison of our algorithm with other algorithms for incremental topological sorting.


The invention discloses a fault electric arc judgment system for a low-voltage line and a judgment method thereof. The system comprises a load loop, a voltage sampling circuit connected at the output end of the load loop, and a current sampling circuit, wherein the output end of the voltage sampling circuit and the output end of the current sampling circuit are respectively connected with the input end of a microprocessor. The voltage sampling circuit detects the voltage of the load loop and transmits a sampling value to the microprocessor, and the current sampling circuit is used for detecting the current of the load loop, and transmitting a sampling value to the microprocessor. The microprocessor conducts judgment according to current characteristics of the system in the load loop, when the microprocessor detects that a certain semi-cycle wave of the current disappears, and the result obtained by the mode that the unsteady load characteristic is subtracted from the steady-state load characteristic is a certain reserved resistive difference value section, the judgment on whether a fault electric arc occurs or not is carried out, and the output of the switching value is controlled so as to inform whether the fault electric arc occurs or not. Meanwhile, filtering is carried out on the character of a non-fault electric arc, and the misjudgment on the fault electric arc is effectively avoided.


Mummies are faunal remains that include the preservation of soft tissues, such as skin, muscle, nails and hair as well as bone. These soft tissues are generally rich in collagen or keratin proteins and thus provide potentially suitable material for stable isotope studies. When preserved, such tissues can provide high-resolution information about the diet and migration of humans in the weeks and months before death. Hair, nails and soft tissue provide short-term (months) dietary information in contrast to bone which will represent 5–20 years of dietary history prior to death, depending on the bone analysed. Such high-resolution data can answer questions on the season of death, seasonality of food resources and the movement and relocation of people. This review begins with a summary of the most common isotope techniques (13C/12C, 15N/14N) and the tissues concerned, followed by an analysis of the key questions that have been addressed using these methods. Until relatively recently work has focused on bulk protein isotope analysis, but in the last 10 years this has been expanded to on-line compound-specific amino acid analysis and to a wider variety of isotopes (18O/16O, 2H/1H and 34S/32S) and these applications are also discussed.


Objective To study the effect of 518A,518B on tumor cell growth and apoptosis.Methods K 562 and NB 4 cell lines were treated with 518A,518B at different concentration.The effect of 518 was observed by drug reactive curve,cell morphology,flow cytometry assay.Results After K 562 and NB 4 cell lines were treated by 518A,518B,the growth of tumor cells were inhibited in vitro. "sub G1" peak was recorded in DNA histogram of flow cytometry at 48h after treatment.Conclusion 518 inhibite the proliferation of K 562 、NB 4 cell and induce K 562 cell apoptosis.The actions of 518A is better than that of 518B.


We establish a regularity results for weak solutions of Robin problems driven by the wellknown Orlicz g-Laplacian operator given by    −△gu = f(x, u), x ∈ Ω a(|∇u|) dν + b(x)|u|u = 0, x ∈ ∂Ω, (P) where △gu := div(a(|∇u|)∇u), Ω ⊂ R N , N ≥ 3, is a bounded domain with C-boundary ∂Ω, ∂u dν = ∇u.ν, ν is the unit exterior vector on ∂Ω, p > 0, b ∈ C(∂Ω) with γ ∈ (0, 1) and inf x∈∂Ω b(x) > 0. Precisely, by using a suitable variation of the Moser iteration technique, we prove that every weak solution of problem (P ) is bounded. Moreover, we combine this result with the Lieberman regularity theorem, to show that every C(Ω)-local minimizer is also aW (Ω)-local minimizer for the corresponding energy functional of problem (P ). 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35J60,35j25, 35S30, 46E35.


Breast Screen Australia and Breast Screen Aotearoa guidelines recommend breast biopsy marker (BBM) use in indicated patients. This study aims to evaluate whether BBM cost and availability impacts BBM utilisation.


Government-owned mining company African Exploration Mining & Finance Corporation's (AEMFC's) Vlakfontein mine is delivering a sterling performance since it started operating in 2011. It is on track to meet its production schedules and already has significant growth plans in the pipeline.


Clamping ring 10, the peripheral edge of the tension member tension member connector ferrule holding portion in order to support the rear end portion of the ferrule with an optical fiber coated with an outer layer of the fiber optic cable and connected with an outer layer surrounding the cladding of an optical fiber inserted and fixed the ferrule, the outer jacket is stripped from the end, the clamping ring 10 comprises a first annular portion 11, the peripheral edge portion and the rear end portion of the ferrule holder fitting portion; a first annular portion 11 of the rear portion second annular portion 12, the diameter of the second annular portion 12 is smaller than the diameter of the first annular portion 11; a second annular connecting portion 12 and the trapezoidal portion 11 of the first annular portion 13; and a clamping portion 14, from the second annular portion end portion 12 extending inwardly to grip the peripheral edge of the end member 14 is fixed to the optical cable. Wherein the first annular portion 11, a second annular portion 12, the stepped portion 13 and a clamping portion 14 is formed substantially equal to the thickness of a single metal piece.


Variety of resources in print and online available through Mack Library's Reference Department Online Reference Resources available through Gale Cengage


Objective:To study the effects of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector expressing small interfering RNA targeting the Ki67 gene(Ad-Ki67)on Ki67 gene expression and the growth of implanted human renal cell carcinoma in nude mice.Methods:BALB/C nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Ketr-3 cells to establish the nude mouse renal cell carcinoma model.After the tumor-bearing nude mice were injected intratumorally with Ad-Ki67,the tumor size was measured at different intervals to observe the anti-tumor effect.The protein expression of Ki-67 in the tumor tissue was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy,the CD34 protein expression in the tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry,and the apoptosis of tumor xenografts was measured by in situ end labeling technique (TUNEL).Results:Ki67 staining positivity was effectively reduced in tumor tissue from nude mice treated with Ad-Ki67 compared with that in tumors treated with Ad-EGFP or PBS.The apoptotic rate in the Ad-Ki67 treatment group was 43.7%±3.6%,significantly higher than that in the other two groups(10.7%±2.4%for PBS and 21.8%±2.5%for Ad-EGFP.The mean tumor size in the Ad-Ki67 treatment group was 469.5±41.6 mm 3 after treatment,much smaller than that in the Ad-EGFP group(664.3±47.8mm 3 ,P0.01)and the PBS group (884.9±52.5mm 3 ,P0.01).Conclusion:Recombinant adenovirus vector expressing siRNA targeting the Ki67 gene has significant therapeutic effects on transplanted human renal carcinoma in nude mice,suggesting that it may be a novel tool for gene therapy of human renal cell carcinoma.


Despite political demands for a more intensive development of the subject of remote sensing in school lessons, it still plays an inferior role. It appears that many of the software solutions created explicitly for school lessons have not been introduced to school curricula due to their complexity. As a result, the subject is either not integrated in lessons at all or, at best, does not go beyond the level of analogue image interpretation. Yet because remote sensing represents more than just the visual interpretation of satellite images, it also requires the facilitation of basic maths and physics, as well as methodological and media competence. For the sustainable integration of remote sensing as a school subject, this paper therefore presents digital, interactive and interdisciplinary learning modules which can promote the methodological and media competence of pupils, as well as their independent study skills.


The full potential all electron linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals (FP-LAPW + lo) method, as implemented in the suite of software WIEN2K, has been used to systematically investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the actinide compounds AnN (An = Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am). The theoretical formalism used is the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory (GGA-DFT) with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional. Each compound has been studied at six levels of theory: non-magnetic (NM), non-magnetic with spin-orbit coupling (NM+SOC), ferromagnetic (FM), ferromagnetic with spin-orbit coupling (FM+SOC), anti-ferromagnetic (AFM), and anti-ferromagnetic with spin-orbit coupling (AFM+SOC). The structural parameters, bulk moduli, densities of states, and charge distributions have been computed and compared to available experimental data and other theoretical calculations published in the literature. The total energy calculations indicate that the lowest energy structures of AcN, ThN, and PaN are degenerate at the NM+SOC, FM+SOC, and AFM+SOC levels of theory with vanishing total magnetic moments in the FM+SOC and AFM+SOC cases, making the ground states essentially non-magnetic with spin-orbit interaction. The ground states of UN, NpN, PuN, and AmN are found to be FM+SOC at the level of theory used in the present computations. The nature of the interactions between the actinide metals and nitrogen atom, and the implications on 5f electron delocalization and localization are discussed in detail.


With the rapid growth o f the science a nd technology,female librarians are faced with a new turning po int in the information times:they have changed their concepts;and their consci ousness of information,con-sciousness of competition and consc iousness of sub ject have greatly been increased.On the other hand,female librarians are also faced with the fi erce competition too.Therefore,it is very important to impro ve the quality of female librarians.


Forced convective boiling of nonazeotropic mixtures inside horizontal tubes was investigated experimentally. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of pure refrigerant R123 and a mixture of R123 and R134a were measured in both a smooth tube and a spirally grooved tube. The heat transfer coefficient for the mixture was found to be lower than that for an equivalent pure refrigerant with the same phsycial properties, not only in the boiling-dominant region but also in the convection-dominant region. On the basis of this experiment, correlations were proposed for heat transfer coefficients in smooth and grooved tubes; the reduction in heat transfer coefficient for the mixture is attributed to the mixture effects on nucleate boiling and to the heat transfer resistance in the vapor phase


In this thesis, motivated by the recent experiments that detect the light emission from the STM junctions and observe the unusual but interesting photon emission related to electron-electron interactions, we propose and establish a model circuit and theoretically investigate these enhanced light emission from a tunnel junction coupled to a surface plasmon polariton (SPP). It is known that the current noise can be characterized as the photon emission or absorption probability due to the coupling between the environment circuit and the current. To model and specify this coupling between the electrical current and the electromagnetic environment, by introducing the phase operator φ(t) = e ~ ∫ t −∞ dt ′U(t′) to describe the voltage fluctuation across the junction, we can transfer the calculation of the tunnelling rate Γ into the evaluation of the correlation function 〈eiφ(t)e−iφ(0)〉. For a simple case, such as a harmonic environment where the equilibrium density matrix in the φ− representation is a Gaussian, it just follows the P (E) theory, offering the maximum energy for tunneling at the bias voltage eV , as we all understand and expect. Next, we go further, beyond the limit of the Gaussian action, and turn into checking the non-Gaussian contributions to the light emission. By means of the Keldysh path integral method, we expand the action of the tunnel conductor up to the fourth order of the phase φ. Under the assumption gcz 2 ω 1 motivated by the experiment, in the lowest order of tunnel conductance gc and the weak coupling to the detector α, we derive the expression for the total transition rate of the tunneling electrons. Through the numerical plotting, we analyse the properties and find out that the non-Gaussian terms is responsible for the overbias light emission shown in the experiments and our work well reproduces the experimental observation, clearly exhibiting the emitted photons with energy larger than the bias voltage hν > eV . Moreover, we continue the studying and check how the temperature affects the contribution. At zero temperature, the energy threshold at eV is evidently displayed while it is sensitively smearing out by the increase of the temperature, due to the softening of the Fermi edge. In addition, we also find a possibility to distinguish the Gaussian and non-Gaussian contribution by setting the plasmon resonance far from the bias voltage. vii With the study of the intensity properties, we find that the thermally induced overbias light emission can overmask the contribution from the quantum noise, but can be distinguished by characteristic spectral differences. Finally, we expand furthermore to the six-order fluctuation, giving rise to the three-electron tunneling processes, which is considered by the experiments as well. And from the numerical fitting to the experiments, we show a fairly nice agreement and propose a good way to explain the unusual experimental phenomena closing to the conductance quantum G0 as well as extending our calculations beyond the tunneling limit F 6= 1.


A social robot is a robotic platform that supports natural interaction with people in a human-scale environment. Such a platform allows interesting opportunities for both traditional Computer Science students and students from other disciplines, such as psychology, philosophy, design and communications. In this paper, we describe a new social robotic platform for educational uses that is equipped with a social face, arms for gesturing, advanced sensory, mobile base, and ROS integration. By using off-the-shelf and rapidly prototyped components, together with open source software, this platform is low-cost, easy to use, and easy to reproduce.


of emendations of Euripidean fragments, in which the emendations of the tetralogy are repeated. An independent study in a province like this is always of service to subsequent workers, for, even if the immediate results are inconsiderable, the necessity of healing or defence is made clear. Some of Mr. Walker's less ambitious proposals, such as /u' r) fie pa for aXX' rjjiepa in fr. 101 and TOI for TO in fr. 643, are deserving of favourable consideration. But while it should in fairness be remembered that these comments were written at a distance from any reference library, it is regrettable that their author did not seek an opportunity of revising them later. Had it been otherwise, some of the notes would assuredly have been cancelled or modified. Such are the objection to the absence of the article with TT-XOUTO? in fr. 96, which is actually idiomatic (Soph. O.C. 782, fr. 188; Eur. Phoen. 495, etc.) ; the preference of awr/per/iel to trvv^perei, notwithstanding Lobeck on At. 1329; and the strange remark on fr. 90 that in Pollux ' the barbarous a>? orav <j>fj is surely impossible.' As if quotations were not regularly so introduced by all kinds of writers, as I have pointed out in A.J.P. XXXIII. 431. In the same note he butts against received opinion by saying: ' It remains to be proved that rjvpov and the like are tragic' An awkward slip is made in quoting fr. 885: Aristophanes has dpovpcua? (not 6a~kacraia<s). Again, did Mr. Walker examine the context in Achilles before writing his note on fr 861 ? It must regretfully be added that many of the alterations are altogether unacceptable, and several of them occur in passages which do not seem to have been deeply corrupted: thus 248 OVK eart 7revla<s lepov aio-^itrnj? 0eov becomes 01% ev TI "irevia*; irTepov, del o"^i<rrr] 8' H 5 733 TravTes ' TO y&p XP^ /teifav fj TO firj xpea>v becomes iraine?, o T' dp' 'Axepiov nel^ov rj ToXfi' ?} %epGsv; and 864 7rat£w • /AeTaftoXa? yap irovcov del <pi\w becomes Traifw fierdftoX', to? ypv iroveiv del <f>i\(o. These examples have not been sought out; they are genuinely characteristic.


The importance of reactions at the surfaces of dust grains has long been recognized to be one of the two main chemical processes that form molecules in cold, dark interstellar clouds where simple, saturated (fully-hydrogenated) molecules such as H2 water, methanol, H2CO, H2S, ammonia and CH4 are present in quantities far too high to be consistent with their extremely low gas phase formation rates. In cold dark regions of interstellar space, dust grains provide a substrate onto which gas-phase species can accrete and react. Grains provide a "third body" or a sink for the energy released in the exothermic reactions that form chemical bonds. In essence, the surfaces of dust grains open up alternative reaction pathways to form observed molecules whose abundances cannot be explained with gas-phase chemistry alone. This concept is taken one step further in this work: instead of merely acting as a substrate onto which radicals and molecules may physically adsorb, some grains may actively participate in the reaction itself, forming chemical bonds with the accreting species. Until recently, surface chemical reactions had not been thought to be important in warm circumstellar media because adspecies rapidly desorb from grains at very low temperatures; thus, the residence times of molecules and radicals on the surface of grains at all but the lowest temperatures are far too short to allow these reactions to occur. However, if the adspecies could adsorb more strongly, via a true chemical bond with surfaces of some dust grains, then grain surface reactions will play an important role in warm circumstellar regions as well. In this work, the surface-catalyzed reaction CO + 3 H2 yields CH4 + H2O is studied in the context that it may be very effective at converting the inorganic molecule CO into the simplest organic compound, methane. H2 and CO are the most abundant molecules in space, and the reaction converting them to methane, while kinetically inhibited in the gas phase under most astrophysical conditions, is catalyzed by iron, an abundant constituent of interstellar dust. At temperatures between 600 and 1000 K, which occur in the outflows from red giants and near luminous young stars, this reaction readily proceeds in the presence of an iron catalyst. Iron is one of the more abundant elements composing interstellar dust. Its abundance relative to hydrogen is almost that of silicon, and both of these heavy elements are primarily locked up in dust at all but the hottest regions of interstellar space.


Crankshaft is a very important part in diesel engine,its static strength and dynamic speciality have an important effect on the service of engine.In this paper,computer aided engineering analysis method is used.The computational modal analysis of the crankshaft of a tank diesel engine is performed considering the pre-stress.Lanczos revision method is used to compute the inherence speciality of the crankshaft of the engine.Accordingly,the front twenty ranks inherence vibration frequency and its corresponsive inherence vibration model of finite element model of crankshaft is determined.Lastly,a typical example is performed to substantiate the validity of the computation method.


The basic problem addressed in this thesis is the increased misappropriation of traditional knowledge held by Amazonian indigenous peoples and the lack of effective mechanisms to protect that knowledge. This thesis critically examines whether and how, if at all, traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources can be protected. It focuses on traditional knowledge held or shared by different indigenous people. The ultimate aim of this thesis is to present a set of core recommendations for the creation of a regional sui generis regime for the protection of traditional knowledge held by two or more groups of Amazonian indigenous people. The thesis is divided into four parts. Part One introduces key concepts and ideas such as characteristics of traditional knowledge, its cultural significance and its interface with biological diversity. Part Two assesses the desirability and feasibility of protecting traditional knowledge. This thesis presents five reasons why Amazonian countries should protect traditional knowledge. These include the following: improve the livelihoods of traditional knowledge holders and to preserve the cultural integrity of indigenous peoples; promote social equity, equality and non-discrimination; recognize the valuable contributions of traditional knowledge and to promote its uses and development; promote the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; and ensure compliance with international legal and moral obligations. Part Three of the thesis examines the different ways of protecting traditional knowledge. Firstly, the extent to which the patent regime may be utilized to protect traditional knowledge is evaluated and its limitations in accommodating traditional knowledge protection are identified. Secondly, the more prominent alternative sui generis regimes are examined. This analysis concludes that none of the existing alternative sui generis models provides a solution to the problem of traditional knowledge held or shared by indigenous peoples from different countries. Thirdly, the use of customary law as a means of protecting traditional knowledge is evaluated. The thesis concludes that the use of customary law to regulate access to, and protection of, traditional knowledge is desirable as it can help to protect indigenous peoples' rights, as well as ensure a fairer application of the rule of law. One of the main recommendations of this thesis is that a common set of norms, rules and principles from customary law should be identified and used as the basis for developing a community protocol which should, in turn, be formally adopted under a regional sui generis regime. Finally, the current legal and administrative measures at the national, regional and international levels adopted by Amazonian countries to protect traditional knowledge are critically examined. This examination reveals that the Amazonian countries have made considerable progress in the development of a framework to protect traditional knowledge at a national level. However, there is neither a standard mechanism to ensure the effective articulation of different national regulations nor a mechanism to deal with overlapping of rights recognized and/or granted over the same, or similar, traditional knowledge to different holders. Further, there is no legislation dealing with traditional knowledge held or shared by more than one indigenous people. The current challenge for Amazonian countries is to create a framework to protect traditional knowledge held or shared by more than one indigenous people not only within national borders but also across borders of the Amazon region. Part Four of the thesis recommends that the Amazonian countries should establish a regional and unitary sui generis regime for the protection of traditional knowledge which is owned by more than one indigenous people. Such a regime should be the sole and the exclusive form of protection of traditional knowledge associated with genetic and/or biological resources held or shared by more than one indigenous people. It also recommends that rights over traditional knowledge should be vested in all indigenous peoples owning such knowledge and those who could have supplied the same, or similar, knowledge. In addition, it contains several other recommendations that it is hoped will assist the Amazonian countries to develop a suitable regional regime.


ratio for each planet is for him that between its speeds at aphelion and perihelion. The interval between these may allow room to be filled in by other musical notes, and he gives much attention to the chords produced by several of the planets together. The harmonies are as they would be regarded from the sun by God. In astrology, on the other hand, the emphasis is on the angles that the planets present to the souls of men or to the soul of the Earth. The above gives only some idea of the many rich topics treated by Dickreiter in his well-documented study. It will be of major use to anyone trying to penetrate the intricacies of Kepler's thought. My main reservations come from its organization, which at times makes the book seem to belong more to the category of'Materials for a history of. . .' than to that of history itself. Repetitions are often met with, and frequently Dickreiter gives the impression of not having thoroughly digested his materials and related them to one another in the most illuminating way. A subject index would have been very helpful, and, among minor errors, the diagrams on pp. 54 and 168 appear to be mislabelled. We may hope that this book will stimulate further work, perhaps by Dickreiter himself, which will allow us to see more clearly and easily into the deeper structures of Kepler's thought and their historical content.


- Planococcus spp. can cause losses close to 100% of the conilon coffee production in highly infested crops. It is a polyphagous pest that affects several cultures and can be present in host plants that appear spontaneously in the cultivation areas. In this context, the objective was to carry out the survey of weed hosts for mealybug in conilon coffee crops relating to the phenological stage of the culture. For this, the survey was carried out in two areas cultivated with conilon coffee in the northwest region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Weed collections were carried out monthly, in both locations, for a period of 12 months. 17 weed species were found, distributed within 9 different botanical families, being: Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, Solanaceae, Commelinaceae, Portulacaceae e Cucurbitaceae. Thus, Planococcus spp. it can stay and complete its cycle in weeds, being a source of inoculum that can contribute to infestations in the reproductive phase of the conilon coffee.


Character Recognition has been one of the active and challenging areas of research in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Recognition of English alphabet in a given scanned text document with the help of using Matlab Neural Network toolbox.  Neural network and Surf Feature has demonstrated its capability for solving complex character recognition problems. Commonly solved problems of characters have limited scope.  Noise reduction plays an important role in Character Recognition. The proposed research work use neural network algorithm and surf feature extraction with their implementation details for solving character recognition problems. This algorithms has been performed based on Noise in input image provide promising results in terms of PSNR and MSE. KeywordsCharacter Recognition, Neural Network, Back Propagation, Surf Feature Extraction.


The purpose of study 1 was to explore the interaction between emotional reactivity and maternal socialization of anger as it predicts physical and relational aggression. Gender differences in this relation were hypothesized and explored. Participants included 365 children evaluated at kindergarten and second grade assessments. For boys, high emotional reactivity and low maternal distress predicted the highest level of physical aggression. The opposite relation was found when predicting boys' relational aggression. Namely, high emotional reactivity and high maternal distress predicted the highest level of relational aggression. In contrast, emotionally reactive girls displayed the highest level of relational aggression in the context of high maternal minimization of anger. No relations emerged for girls' physical aggression. The goal of study 2 was to extend findings from study 1 by looking at peer implications related to aggressive behaviors. In particular, two separate gender-specific mediated moderation pathways were hypothesized and confirmed. For boys, the following pathway emerged: Emotional Reactivity × Distress Reactions → Physical Aggression → Low Peer Liking. For girls, the following pathway emerged: Emotional Reactivity × Minimization Reactions → Relational Aggression → Low Peer Liking.


Background : Rural faith-based organizations (FBO) serve an important social, cultural and political role in their communities, but compared to their urban counterparts, less is known about their ability to deliver health and wellness activities (HWA). This study's purpose was to examine differences in factors related to HWA between urban and rural FBOs. Methods: A convenience sample of faith-leaders (N = 824) completed an online survey assessing faith leader demographics (age, sex, education, body mass index, race), FBO demographics (denomination, location), types of HWA, and barriers to HWA. Results: Respondents were primarily White (93%), male (72%), middle aged (53.2 + 12.1 yrs), with Methodist (42.5%) or Lutheran (20.2%) affiliations. Compared to urban faith leaders (n=599), rural faith leaders (n=225) reported lower physical activity levels and higher rates of overweight ( p's <0.05). Compared to urban FBOs, rural FBOs were more likely to report offering no HWA (χ 2 =3.00, df =1, p =0.04), and rural FBOs offered fewer HWA (3.73±2.89) than urban FBOs (4.98±3.25; t =4.92, df =781, p <0.001). Urban FBOs offered more educational health classes, health fairs, health screenings, and physical activity/sports groups compared with rural FBOs ( p s<0.05). Rural FBOs were more likely to report a lack of congregational interest and lack of lay leadership as barriers to HWA, whereas urban FBOs indicated that other FBO activities conflicted with HWA ( p s<0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed important differences in factors related to HWA in urban and rural areas. This study provides public health professionals with insight regarding implementation of HWA in rural and urban FBOs.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and the satisfaction on aesthetic effectiveness of application of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique in maxillary lateral incisor implant site.

METHODS
Ninety patients were selected who only lost maxillary lateral incisor and placed with 101 implants(the implant systems were 3i, Osstem, ITI, Ankylos, BLB). The final restorations were porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. Clinical and X-ray examinations were conducted and esthetic results were observed at 3, 6,12 months after dental implant prosthetics.

RESULTS
The follow-up time was 12 months, all patients achieved successful implantation and good osseointegration around the implant. The esthetic results were perfect .Among the 90 cases, 90.7%, 92.8% and 95.5% of the patients were satisfied with the final outcomes 3,6,12 months after prosthetics.

CONCLUSIONS
Good clinical effectiveness and satisfaction on aesthetic effectiveness can be obtained with GBR technique applied in maxillary lateral incisor implant site. Appropriate use of GBR technique is the solution of bone defect of maxillary lateral incisor implant site.


Melothria maderaspatana (Linn) Cogn, a plant drug of Siddha medicine, is an annual monoecious tendril climber, belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, mostly prevalent in South India. It is commonly called Musumusukkai in Tamil. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents such as coumarins, flavonoids. Hence an attempt has been made to screen the effect of Melothria maderaspatana in platelet aggregation. Successive extracts of aerial parts of Melothria maderaspatana were used in increasing polarity of solvents (i.e., hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol). The antiplatelet activity of different fractions of Melothria maderaspatana was studied using platelet-rich plasma in presence of ADP. Each extract was tested in concentrations of 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml for the study. The ethyl acetate extract showed a dose-dependent antiplatelet activity. Hexane and methanol extracts showed antiplatelet activity only at 200 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml concentrations. Chloroform extract showed negligible antiplatelet activity. However, the inhibition of platelet aggregation was only 50% when compared to the standard Aspirin.


comes seen in our historical cohort. Limitations of the present study including its non-randomized, retrospective design should be noted. As such, we were limited in our ability to collect all pertinent clinical comorbidities. Although we present a large cohort of primary AUS placement, the present study represents a single-institution experience at a high-volume tertiary referral center. As such, patients often travel a distance for evaluation and treatment, and it is possible that some patient follow up is unavailable because of patients seeking additional care closer to home. To account for this, the Mayo Clinic AUS Registry periodically contacts patients by mailing to obtain follow up. Additionally, although we present a large cohort of patients, the subgroup of patients aged older than 80 years represented 8% of all procedures (n = 91), and was notably smaller. As such, further external validation of our findings is required. In conclusion, octogenarians are significantly more likely to experience device infection/erosion compared with younger patients who undergo primary AUS placement. Despite the increased risk, these patients were found to have similar overall device survival rates. Thus, AUS implantation can be considered in octogenarians with severe stress urinary incontinence with appropriate patient selection and preoperative counseling.


I examine John Maynard Keynes' struggle with the doctrine of the classical forced saving during the period 1924-1936 from when he worked on 'A Treatise on Money' to the completion of his 'General Theory'. The forced saving notion has been developed as a key mechanism of how monetary expansion results in wealth redistribution and change in production in the classical school. I primarily focus on the role of discussion and criticism in the development of Keynes' thought. I investigate what led John Maynard Keynes to completely abolish ideas related to forced saving and place his emphasis on effective demand in the 'General Theory' and its process. I provide evidence suggesting that the development of the 'General Theory' is closely linked with the abolition of the forced saving doctrine and argue that such notion is internally inconsistent with 'Fundamental Equations' and subsequent theory of effective demand in the explanation of the problem of unemployment.


Source Citation Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, et al. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis...


A virtual hospital for the healthy? Prediction, prevention and communication on health in the heart of the Mediterranean - In line with the World Health Organisation, the European Union is showing increasing interest in prevention and prediction in health matters. One of the funded projects designed to find innovative solutions is PIPS (Personalised Information Platform for Health and Life Services), run by the Scientific Institute at the Hospital of San Raffaele (Milan) in a virtual hospital for the healthy. Here, top-level expertise in the medical-technological and sociological-communicative fields creates a network of services for the remote prediction/protection of the illnesses/health of healthy and sick people alike. Intelligent medicine cabinets and trolleys are based on a communicative, relational and interactive architecture of studies on the individual and the creation of individual scenarios. The hospital exemplifies the contribution of sociology in prevention, prediction, education and treatment, putting together personalised services. The location of the hospital at the intersection of the Lisbon-Kiev and Sweden-Sicily axes bears witness to the gradual shift of the centre of gravity of health matters towards the Mediterranean.


Aim This study was to examine the effect of ethyl acetate extract of shiitake mushroom on a human breast cancer line-MCF-7 cell in vitro. Method Cell cytotoxicity was examined using MTT method, Cell apoptosis was examined by AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining,Cell cycle analysis was determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine Cyclin D_1、Cdk4、Bax and p21WAE1/CIP1 protein expression. Results Concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of the extract were observed in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, p21WAE1/CIP1)were up-regulated while proteins involved in cell cycle(Cyclin D_1 and Cdk4)were down-regulated. Conclusion This study suggests that the anti-breast cancer activities might result from increased apoptosis and growth arrest


The works of artists Nancy Edell, Arlyn Ende, and Gloria Crouse are examined. The history and evolution of creative rug hooking is considered. Few contemporary artists make rug hooking their primary focus. Nancy Edell, an art teacher at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, translates images from drawings into rugs. Arlyn Ende, a former designer of large-scale textiles for corporate clients, makes functional rugs in Tennessee. Gloria Crouse, a West Coast rug hooker, has recently published a book and video called Rug Hooking: New Materials, New Techniques .


To determine the acute toxicity Cd2+ to Cyclina sinensis,six concentrations of Cd2+ were tested.The 96-h half lethal concentration (LC50) and the safe concentration of Cd2+ for C.sinensis were 20.09mg/L and 0.201mg/L,respectively.In addition,we determined Cd2+ accumulation in C.sinensis at both the LC50 and the safe concentration.At the LC50 and 168h after the addition of Cd2+,various tissue contents of Cd2+ followed the order of muscle visceral mass gill;while at the safe concentration,the order was visceral mass gill muscle.The Cd2+ accumulating capacity of the visceral mass is much higher than that of the muscles.Our data may serve as a reference to evaluate Cd2+ distribution in C.sinensis farms and C.sinensis-based seafood products.


In a power plant in Beijing,because of the influence of the high dust content in air,the haze and sand storm,the air inflow filtering system of the gas turbine was clogged for shorter working time,and the pressure difference of the filter increased,which caused the unit to reduce the load or shut down.The existing problems were analyzed.The reformation scheme was put forward.After the air inflow filtering system had been reformed,the safety and stability of unit operation were improved.


In the June 2017 issue of the ASAIO journal, Truby et al. described a retrospective, monocenter cohort of 121 patients who underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) implantation because of refractory cardiogenic shock (1).


Unsafe abortion is a major public health problem in Zimbabwe. 60000 unsafe abortions are performed each year. 30% of all maternal deaths are due to unsafe abortions. 50% of Harare Central Hospital emergency gynecologic cases are for incomplete abortion. Access to safe technology for manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is a major obstacle in reducing morbidity and mortality from unsafe abortion. A new policy has established MVA treatment and counseling services on a outpatient basis for all incomplete abortion patients with a uterine size of less than or equal to 12 weeks gestation at Harare Central Hospital and Parirenyatwa Hospital. This study reports on a pre/post evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of the MVA procedure compared to the traditional method of sharp curettage. Prior to the intervention 589 out of 1000 consecutive incomplete abortion patients from 2 public hospitals in Harare were interviewed. 1 year after the intervention 834 out of 1000 consecutive incomplete abortion patients treated with MVA were interviewed. Both groups had interviews within 2 weeks for follow-up visits. The results showed the MVA procedure to be safe and effective and family planning (FP) acceptance was increased after introduction of FP counseling. Both populations were similar in age parity and marital status to a prior study by Verkuyl and Crowther. Post procedure complications ere lower for the MVA procedure group. Only 6% of MVA patients versus all of the sharp curettage patients received pain control (analgesia or sedation). Provider assessment of pain during the procedure was found to be equal but patients in the MVA group expressed quite a lot of pain which had led to new procedures on pain control for the MVA group. Prior to intervention only 46% of women treated for abortion complications accepted a FP method post procedure but 97% accepted after the introduction of FP counselors and use was sustained at 2 weeks follow-up. The MVA procedure has the utility of being used in decentralized services which would reduce the delay in obtaining services and contribute to better outcome. At present abortion care is separate from maternal health and family planning services.


The present research work was carried out at the Olmedo located in Riobamba city. The most common ankle problems are sprains and fractures. A sprained sprain is an injury to the ligaments. Sprains can take a few weeks or even several months to heal completely. A fracture is a break in a bone. Injuries to other parts of the ankle may also occur, such as tendons, which attach muscles to bone, and cartilage, which cushion the friction and impact of joints. Sprains and ankle fractures are common sports injuries. That is why the application of proprioception as a method of injury prevention has a high rate of physiotherapeutic efficacy in the players of the Olmedo Sports Center, strengthening the ankle joint, accessing all ranges of mobility and use of all capacity Functional balance of the musculoskeletal system that compromises this joint, the stability of the osteo-articular system, the balance and tonicity of the muscular apparatus, and an efficient neurological control mechanism called motor control. For the above, it is appropriate to perform this thesis to determine the degree of effectiveness of proprioception as a method for prevention of ankle injuries in players of the superior category of the Olmedo Sports Center, with the purpose of reducing their physiotherapeutic interventions because of discomfort Of ankle. In this research the theoretical framework contains a specific summary of bibliographic sources related to the topic. The methodological framework consists of an experimental study, the methods used: exploratory field and bibliographic documentary, techniques such as interviews, physiotherapeutic evaluation sheets and modified Romberg test, the level of study is longitudinal and explanatory, applying in a population of 30 Players representing 100%, the efficacy of the method resulted in 17 players representing 57% had ankle discomfort and after the application of the method was reduced to 6 players with ankle discomfort representing 20%. For statistical verification, the statistical package SPSS version 22.0 IBM was used.


Despite several studies on temperature trends in the tropopause region, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of temperatures in this climate-sensitive region of the atmosphere remains elusive. Here we present a unique global-scale, long-term data set of high-resolution in-situ temperature data measured aboard passenger aircraft within the European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System, www.iagos.org). This data set is used to investigate temperature trends within the global upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UTLS) for the period 1995 to 2012 in different geographical regions and vertical layers of the UTLS. The largest amount of observations is available over the North Atlantic. Here, a neutral temperature trend is found within the lowermost stratosphere. This contradicts the temperature trend in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis, where a significant (95 % confidence) temperature increase of +0.56 K/decade is obtained. Differences between trends derived from observations and reanalysis data can be traced back to changes in the temperature bias between observation and model data over the studied period. This study demonstrates the value of the IAGOS temperature observations as anchor point for the evaluation of reanalyses and its suitability for independent trend analyses.


IN THIS ISSUE, Maroko and associates report evidence, obtained from experiments in dogs, that .a well tolerated increase in the inspired concentration of oxygen (40%) reduces acute myocardial ischemic injury significantly. Differences were striking when compared to animals breathing the normal room air concentration of oxygen (21%) and studied in an otherwise identical manner. In another group of dogs, exposure to 100% 02, a level known to produce pulmonary damage if continued for long periods of time, was not associated with additional improvement


Multilevel sequences find more and more applications in modern modulation schemes [4QPSK, 8QPSK,16QAM..]  for the 3G ,4G system air interface [1,2].Furthermore, in modern cryptography they are also widerly used. It is also interesting to point out that the length L of these sequences are composite numbers( L=NS),that means the sequence can be easily implemented by interleaving S subsequences, each of length S.Therefore, the methods to develop multilevel sequence with interleaved structure draw a lot of attentions [3, 4]. In this contribution, a method for design and analysis of ternary m-sequences with interleaved structure is presented, based on the d-transform, Which turns out to be a very effective and versal tool for this purpose. Simulations have been made to verify the theory. We first introduce d-transform and its properties and then work out the procedure to design an interleaving sequence in d-transform. Keywords: d-transform,q-ary sequences, interleaved sequence.


In earlier papers on "Socialist privatization" Feige proposed a sequential set of stabilization, privatization and liberalization policies designed to provide the necessary, albeit not sufficient conditions, for a transition from a planned to a market economy. An important component of the proposed policy package was an equalitarian distribution of a portion of "state" wealth to private citizens by means of a voucher program whose aim was to establish a social safety net of private wealth composed of "citizen shares" to cushion the disruptions and lessen the hardships of the transition process. This paper estimates the value of the proposed "citizen shares" and finds that they would have provided a significant social safety net as well as a powerful incentive for Soviet citizens to support the reform program. The problem with the proposed voucher program was not that it provided too little incentive. The problem was that the government failed to provide the relevant information to the public and that government information was not likely to be viewed as credible by its citizens. Reference: Comparative Economic Studies. Vol. XXXII No. 3, Fall, 1990


This commentary will focus on surgical treatment of urolithiasis in the male horse as surgical treatments are more 'complicated' in the male compared to the female. Females have a wide and accessible urethra that allows for manual removal, urethral sphincterotomy, and/or physical crushing and removal of calculi fragments (DeBowes 1988). Laparocystotomy is not usually performed in mares for these reasons. In the male, calculus removal can be challenging and presents unique surgical considerations. Surgical options described for urolithiasis in male horses include: laparocystotomy with and without laparoscopy, physical crushing of the calculus through perineal urethrostomy, Gokel's cystotomy and electrohydraulic/laser lithotripsy. Urolithiasis can be confirmed with one or more of the following diagnostic techniques: rectal palpation of the urinary bladder, ultrasonography and cystoscopy (Laverty et al. 1992; Duesterdieck-Zellmer 2007). The most common clinical sign associated with urolithaisis in the male is haematuria. Other clinical signs include stranguria, pollakiuria, dysuria and ventral abdominal/preputial urine scalding. The most efficient way to confirm the diagnosis is cystoscopy. Cystoscopic examination begins with intravenous sedation, aseptic prep of the glans penis, and disinfection of the endoscope. Cystoscopy allows for direct visualisation of the calculus or calculi. Uroliths can be present in the urethra and urinary bladder, with the majority being found within the urinary bladder. Less than 10% of cases have more than one calculus. Cystoscopy is the most accurate way to quantify the number of calculi present. In the absence of cystoscopy the diagnosis may be confirmed with manual palpation of the bladder per rectum and ultrasonography of the urinary bladder. Before performing manual palpation of the bladder per rectum the bladder should be catheterised to remove all urine. In some horses excessive mucus and sediment accumulation may require endoscopic lavage and suction to ensure complete visualisation of the bladder. Excessive sediment accumulation can make visualisation of all calculi difficult. Once urolithiasis has been confirmed, surgical options should be discussed with the owner. If financially feasible, I feel the best method of surgical management is laparocystotomy. Although technically challenging, this procedure has the advantage of removing the calculus in one piece without fragmentation. The fragmentation of urinary calculi has been associated with a higher risk of recurrence because of incomplete removal of debris from the urinary bladder or urethra. Owners not electing for laparocystidotomy have the following options: perineal urethrotomy with fragmentation of the calculus, Gokel's cystotomy, and laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy. The advantages and disadvantages of these procedures will be discussed. Laparocystotomy has the primary advantage of complete calculus removal without fragmentation. The disadvantage of this technique is the requirement for general anaesthesia and abdominal exposure of the urinary bladder. Access to the urinary bladder can be performed through a paramedian or ventral midline incision or can be performed under laparoscopic guidance. Laparoscopy has been described for intracorporeal removal of calculi from the bladder. Reported complications associated with intracorporeal techniques include: septic peritonitis, cystotomy leakage and prolonged anaesthesia times. It also requires a surgeon skilled in intracorporeal suture techniques. Röcken et al. (2006) have described laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy for calculi removal with excellent results. Laparoscopic-assisted cystotomy involves paramedian placement of an instrument portal to aid in elevation of the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall. The instrument portal is then enlarged to allow for exteriorisation of the urinary bladder. Once exteriorised standard cystotomy techniques are used to remove the calculus (Ragle 2000; Röcken et al. 2006; Stratico et al. 2012). In the absence of laparoscopic techniques, paramedian incision is favoured by some surgeons because preputial reflection is not necessary whereas others prefer the ventral midline approach with reflection of the prepuce (Beard 2004). The author prefers the ventral midline approach because it gives improved access to the urinary bladder compared to the paramedian approach. However, the midline approach does require reflection of the prepuce and the ligation of several large vessels. Although some surgeons have reported difficulties with this approach the author feels these concerns are over rated and a surgeon experienced with abdominal surgery in the horse should be able to perform this approach without complications. The greatest difficulty in completion of the procedure is bladder exposure. Male horses with urolithiasis typically urinate frequently and maintain a small bladder size. To overcome this, the author has found that preoperative intravenous fluid loading (20 l preoperatively) and the administration of diuretics (furosemide 1 mg/kg bwt i.v. or DMSO 1 g/kg bwt i.v., diluted in 5 l of balanced polyionic fluid) aids in bladder access by increasing bladder size. In a similar fashion Russell and Pollock (2012) recently described the use of local anaesthesia and hydro-distension of the bladder prior to surgery to increase bladder size prior to paramedian cystotomy with success. Other surgeons report that continued gradual tractionon the bladder or the placement of a towel around the neck of the urinary bladder is useful in improving urinary bladder access (Beard 2004; Russell and Pollock 2012). 60


ABSTRACT Interest in providing one-to-one technology to students is increasing, particularly in low-income schools. This study examined the impact of one such approach on kindergartners' math and literacy development during an academic year in a small urban public school district. A district-wide outreach program provided tablets to every kindergarten student in the district. Classrooms were randomly assigned within schools to receive either: (1) just the tablets or (2) tablets loaded with digital resources supporting foundational math skills. Qualitative data indicated that teachers appreciated having the tablets and believed that the resources improved instruction. Unexpectedly, findings indicated that while children's literacy skills may have benefited from access to the digital math resources, their math skills did not. Overall use of the digital math resources was low in treatment classrooms. Digital resources show some promise in impacting some children's foundational skills, but access to resources alone was not enough to improve targeted skills.


content abstract: The ruling ability construction is a realistic major issue which our Party faces.In the process of Party's ruling ability construction,we must take Party's system construction as the key point,advances the system innovation including the Party leader's system,Party's work mechanism,Party's authority surveillance system,the democracy within the Party centralism system,only in this way,can we fundamentally safeguard the ruling ability enhancement of the Party.


A short-range multi-channel airborne ultrasonic data communication system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is described in this paper. An on-off keying (OOK) based OFDM modulation scheme was implemented successfully in the system by using a pair of commercially available air-coupled capacitive ultrasonic transducers. 56 orthogonal channels with a channel spacing of 1 kHz were transmitted in parallel, achieving a data transfer rate of 56 kbps with ultrasonic wireless synchronization. A simulation model developed in the work was able to predict ultrasonic signals accurately through the air channel. System performance was characterised by bit error rate (BER) testing over different transmission ranges. Error free decoding was achieved at distances up to 3 m.


Perturbation expansions of solutions for a uniform, thin, linear elastic ring perturbed by point masses and radial massless springs are developed. The perturbation locations divide the ring into uniform segments so a variational formulation is used to determine the boundary conditions that must be satisfied between adjoining segments. The motion of each segment can be represented as a weighted sum of the eigenfunctions for the uniform thin ring so when the boundary conditions are enforced, the resulting algebraic relations are expanded as a function of the perturbation parameter (the perturbation mass normalized by the ring mass). A series of algebraic problems are sequentially solved to yield perturbation expansions for the modal frequencies and eigenmodes. Single-mass, dual-mass, and mass-spring case studies are considered. The perturbation results show excellent agreement with finite element analysis of a thin ring for mass perturbations up to 15% of the nominal ring mass. The results are also compared to Rayleigh-Ritz analysis.


Designers of axial flow compressors have always been alert to the effects of tip clearance. The literature contains some simple theories and many tests of specific machines. There has been a tendency to presume that these test results are valid for compressors in general. Certainly a general rule is needed for the great variety of designs found today. Some types, among them generator cooling blowers and wind tunnel blowers, may require large tip clearances so accurate prediction is essential to success. Enough data have now accumulated to permit attempts at generalization. Leroy H. Smith, Jr. provided a starting point with his 1958 paper. This one adds more data, carries the analysis of data further, and points out practical need for further experiment.Copyright © 1960 by ASME


Corporate culture is one of the main sources of organizational identity. In large corporations, the existence of a "backbone" seems to be evident; however, the manifestation of subcultures is a natural phenomenon due to the complexity of operations and diversity of people who are part of the organizational system. This article tries to identify the existence of subcultures in a European multinational organization installed in Brazil. The selected method, case study research, was based on the problematic of identifying and comparing the main cultural elements in Sales and Service departments of this organization. This paper aimed to compare main values, artifacts, leadership, decision making process and communication in both departments, using empirical investigation compounded by deep structured interviews and non-participant observations. The main contributions raise up that each department show its own way of acting, based on its own meanings and urgency sense. The theoretical basis for this study was Schein's concept of organizational culture (SCHEIN, 1992; 2007) and the three cultural perspectives defined by Martin (1999).


This study aims to improve the professional performance of Catholic religious education teachers through supervising the performance of supervisors in the primary schools assisted by the city of Mataram. This research method uses classroom action research. The subjects of this study were 17 teachers of Catholic religious education at the targeted elementary schools in the sub-districts of Cakranegara, Mataram and Ampenan. Data collection techniques using observation and questionnaires. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are (1) Supervising development in an effort to improve the performance of Catholic religious education teachers through performance supervision shows an increase in each cycle; (2) Activities in coaching activities show that all Catholic religious teachers can improve their performance well in every aspect. (3) The performance improvement of Catholic religious education teachers by supervisors through this performance supervision shows an increase in each cycle. (4) The activities of Catholic religious education teachers show that coaching activities through performance supervision are beneficial and can help Catholic religious education teachers to more easily understand their roles and functions as religious education teachers, so that the performance of Catholic religious education teachers can increase.


This article investigates the impacts of private labels (PLs) on fluid milk prices and price differentials using 2,759 supermarket-level observations from 10 cities. Non-parametric results reveal that although PL milk prices decrease as PL milk shares expand, eventually the effect is to increase the prices of manufacturers' brands as well as the price gap between private labels and manufacturers' brands. Econometric results further reveal that supermarkets exert some degree of price discrimination through controlling the brands of milk sold.


We consider the BBGKY equation for the single particle probability density in a hard sphere system. We investigate whether there is bifurcation from the fluid phase to functions which have crystalline symmetry. We find that as the density of the fluid increases from zero, there is bifurcation in one, two, and three dimensions. The bifurcation is shown to be characteristic of metastability and in general it does not occur at the equilibrium coexistence of two phases. The direction of branching and the stability of solutions near bifurcation is also discussed.


The security of a biometric information system depends partially on the ability of the biometric information sensor to authenticate itself securely to the processing centre it usually interacts with, thus ensuring that the securely transmitted biometric data has not been constructed by an attacker. The biometric sensors of a biometric information system are often physically exposed to potential adversaries who may manipulate them and therefore compromise the security of the system. Such attacks can be detected by continuous and secure sensor monitoring. The proposed scheme is based on the Kerberos protocol for dealing with sensor authentication issues. Using authenticated control/data packets its functionality has been extended to provide secure sensor monitoring, which can help in detecting physical attacks on the sensor itself.


Background:
 Early diagnosis and treatment of under-recognized retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) are essential before reaching the poorly responsive fibrotic stage. Although most patients respond to medical therapy, relapses are common. Open surgery in medically resistant patients is associated with major adverse clinical events. Therefore, we aim to compare the outcomes of endovascular repair in RPF patients who were refractory to the optimal medical management.

 Methods:
 This is a single-centre longitudinal study of optimal medical therapy (OMT) vs endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with RPF to our tertiary referral vascular centre.

 Results:
 Seventeen patients were referred to us with peri-aortic RPF over the study period. Eleven received OMT only, while six underwent EVAR after the failure of OMT. Eighty-two percentages (n=14) were male, and the mean follow-up was 74.40 ± 58.40 months. Nine (52%) had immunoglobulin G4-related disease (4 OMT vs 5 EVAR). EVAR patients had 100% technical success without perioperative mortality. Furthermore, all the EVAR patients were symptom-free following the intervention. Pre-operative aortic RPF index (maximum peri-aortic soft tissue diameter/maximum aortic diameter) was higher in the EVAR than in OMT. However, there was a significant decrement in the aortic RPF index following EVAR (p=0.04).

 Conclusion:
 EVAR in RPF medical-resistant patients is a valuable option in the armamentarium of nephrologists and rheumatologists. Our study shows that an endovascular intervention provides a promising outcome in RPF/IgG4-RD periaortitis, which is refractory to medical therapy. We recommend further studies to investigate and establish the long-term effectiveness of endovascular repair in RPF.


The effect of nitrogen plasma on the morphology and properties of tasar silk fibers and fabrics has been investigated. The changes in the morphological structure were studied using the techniques of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The changes in some textile properties. such as wettability, drying rate, and crease recovery, as a result of plasma treatment, were also studied. It was found that the plasma treatment is effective only on the surface of the fibers and fabrics. Wettability increased and the drying rate became faster due to the treatment; however, the crease-recovery angle decreased. The results were used to arrive at an understanding regarding the internal structure of tasar silk.


Back-channel-etch amorphous zinc tin oxide thin film transistors (a-ZTO TFTs) are fabricated with various thicknesses and deposition rates of gate insulator (GI). The devices exhibit a higher field-effect mobility and better electrical stress stability with GI thickness decreasing. Furthermore, field-effect mobility and electrical stress stability can be improved by slow GI deposition rate, caused by smoother GI surface. Moreover, combining with percolation theory, we propose a ZTO carrier transport model to explain the experimental phenomenon. The optimized device exhibits good electrical performances: modest saturation mobility of 10 cm2/Vs, on/off ratio > 108 and subthreshold swing of 0.60V/dec. Besides, Vth shift under negative and positive Vgs is −0.28V and +0.17V, respectively.


Precise monitoring of soil and micro-climatic conditions of a crop through Internet of Things (IoT) plays a pivotal role in taking appropriate action to boost yield. Deploying extensive sensing systems on the farm to achieve this is however not always possible due to various factors such as poor network connectivity in remote areas, cost dynamics associated with the farmer due to small land-holdings especially in the developing countries and value proposition of the intervention for the specific crop. In this paper, we propose a scalable and affordable IoT framework that has been developed to overcome these limitations. We share through a case-study our experiences with the deployment of the proposed IoT framework for a period of over six months.


Breast self-examination is the most important behaviour for early breast cancer detection.

 The aim of the study was to measure the effectiveness of utilizing a health belief model on knowledge, beliefs, and behaviour of visually impaired women toward breast self-examination. A quasi-experimental design (pre/posttest) was utilized in the current study.

 At Al Nour Wal Amal Association for visually impaired women in Cairo governorate, Egypt. A purposive sample of 42 visually impaired women was included in the study. Three tools were used for the purpose of data collection
(I): Structured interviewing knowledge questionnaire;
(II): breast self-examination checklist; and
(III): health beliefs assessment scale.

 The findings revealed a highly statistically significant difference in visually impaired women's total knowledge, total practice, and total health beliefs scores for breast self-examination before and after the program. The women's total knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs improved in the posttest compared to the pretest.

 The study results concluded that there was an improvement in knowledge, practice, and health beliefs regarding breast self-examination among visually impaired women after program implementation, which emphasized that educational program based on health beliefs model have a significant positive effect in improving women's knowledge, practice, and health beliefs toward breast self-examination. It is recommended to establish educational programs to raise awareness about breast cancer and breast self-examination among visually impaired women through special schools and community associations. Community health nurses play a crucial role in educating women about breast self-examination and they are in a unique position to raise breast cancer awareness, especially among at-risk groups.


On 11 March, 2011 a magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the North-eastern coast of the Japanese main island of Honshu. Although reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant shut down as expected, the 15m tsunami which followed caused a loss of power which disrupted the cooling systems. Over the next few days, four of the six reactors experienced catastrophic events, requiring the evacuation of plant personnel and residents of nearby villages in a 20km radius. Nuclear contamination has continued to hinder clean-up and reconstruction efforts in Fukushima prefecture, one of the three worst hit by the tsunami, and it is estimated that the plant itself could take up to 40 years to decommission. Moreover, subsequent investigations have revealed serious systemic issues in the regulation of nuclear power and in the mechanisms for provision of scientific advice to the public, policymakers, and to disaster response personnel, which has contributed to a considerable loss of public trust in both scientists and the Japanese government. Handling of the 'triple disaster', therefore, raises important questions for understanding the scale and extent of nuclear contamination after accidental release, but also about the need for realistic emergency planning and for consistency, accuracy and trust in the dissemination of useful information, not only during an unfolding disaster and immediate recovery period, but often for years, even decades, to come.


The tribal societies in India are considered as the weakest sections of the population in terms of common socio-economic and demographic factors such as poverty, illiteracy, lack of developmental facilities and adequate primary health facilities. For many decades, "growth with equity and social justice" has remained on the development agenda of developing countries, but from the historical point of view Indian society suffers from substantial disparity in education, employment, and income based on the grounds of caste and ethnicity. According to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (2018), over 84 million people belonging to 698 communities are identified as members of Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India. Empowerment of tribal women is one of the central issues in the process of development all over the world. It is a multifaceted, multi-dimensional and multi layered concept. Women empowerment is a process in which women gain greater share of control over material, human and intellectual resources as well as control over decision-making in the home, community, society and nation. However the tribal women have been facing many problems in our society. There is basic cultural and psychological tendency on the part of men to dominate the women, which is also seen among the tribal men. On the part of the tribal women too, due to sociological or cultural reasons, they are unable or unwilling to come out of their clichés. Of course, ignorance and illiteracy play a major role in hampering the empowerment of tribal women. It is indeed a herculean task on the part both of government and voluntary agencies to find different ways and means to assist the tribal societies in general and the tribal women in particular to climb the ladder of knowledge, awareness, development and progress.Therefore, the inclusion of "Women Empowerment" as one of the prime goals in the eight Sustainable Development Goals underscores the relevance of this fact. Thus, in order to achieve the status of a developed country, India needs to transform its colossal women force into an effective human resource and this is possible only through the empowerment of women. Empowering women to participate fully in economic life across all sectors is essential in building stronger economies to achieve internationally agreed goals for development and sustainability and improve the quality of life for every individual of the society.


Terahertz (THz) radiation has attracted increasing attention over last decades for its wide promising applications in many interdisciplinary fields of research. Fundamentally high power THz sources enable one to access to nonlinear THz photonics. Since the plasma is a medium free of a damage threshold, laser-plasma interactions provide a unique opportunity to achieve tabletop high-field THz radiation sources. Recently some experiments and models have been reported on the THz emissions generated from ultra-intense laser interactions with solid targets. In this presentation, we will show generation of coherent THz transition radiation by relativistic laseraccelerated electrons crossing the rear surface of a thin solid target. To verify the generation mechanism, various target parameters and structures are adopted to characterize the THz radiation properties and to distinguish the proposed mechanism from others. The model of transition radiation and particle-in-cell simulations well explain the observations. The presented laser-solid based THz transition radiation provides a new approach toward compact brilliant THz sources.


In an injection molding machine, dies are connected to a die (73) Assignee: THE JAPAN STEEL WORKS, temperature regulating machine by means of thermal medium LTD., Tokyo (JP) Supplying pipes and thermal medium returning pipes. A heat exchanger is interposed between the thermal medium return (21) Appl. No.: 12/820,793 ing pipes. The air which has been heated by the heat exchanger is Supplied to a hopper through a hot air Supplying (22) Filed: Jun. 22, 2010 pipe so as to preheat and dry injection material in the hopper.