Opportunities for developing end-of-life sensors for fire resistant fabrics are explored using reduced graphene oxide coatings on textiles. Fire resistant fabrics are known to experience significant losses in performance over time. Large reductions in mechanical properties have also been recorded when these fabrics were subjected to accelerated aging conditions simulating the use in service. In addition, the fabric loss in performance may exceed the safety requirement threshold before any sign of damage is visible to the naked eye. Electrically conductive coatings and tracks were prepared on an m-aramid woven fabric using graphene oxide that was further reduced. The preparation technique allowed wrapping the individual aramid fibers with rGO sheets. No significant change in sheet resistance was recorded after up to 120h of immersion of the rGO-coated fabric specimens in water. An increase in resistance after 10 accelerated washing cycles was measured on the rGO-coated specimens prepared with 5 coating cycles while no significant effect was detected for specimens prepared with 10 and 15 coating cycles. Under abrasion exposure, the electrical resistance of rGO tracks increased gradually until 150 cycles, after which the conductivity dropped abruptly. These results show the potential of reduced graphene oxide applied as a coating on m-aramid fabrics to prepare end-of-life sensors for fire resistant fabrics.


An explicit expression for the multiplicity distribution P( n) of sec ondaries fro~ high energy collisions is derived (in an easily justifiable approximation) for the c~e of a partially coherent ~ource with a finite autocorrelation length in the chaqtic component. Until now analytical expressions were available only fqr tl).e cnmulants of this distribution.


Several ESA missions incorporate high power laser systems as core constituents of the payload. Instruments based on techniques such as Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) can offer extremely accurate measurements of great scientific and industrial interest such as atmosphere composition, wind speed, aerosol presence, topography and water depth, surface backscattering and many more. Other active optical techniques such as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) enable the remote testing of the composition of rocks. Rendezvous sensors can guide the approach and docking of spacecraft, or assist in the descent of a lander on a surface.


Accessible summary

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This paper is about a workshop held by researchers from the University of Leeds.

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The researchers looked at one area to see if people were doing things about health that the Government said they should in Valuing People.

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The research found out that there is still a lot of work to do in the area to meet these targets.

People came to a workshop to talk about this. They thought that:

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Learning disability services should lead the way and draw up a plan about what needs to happen.

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People who run health services should make sure they set targets for GPs and hospitals that fit in with the plan.

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Government should make sure that the targets they set for GPs also fit in with Valuing People targets.

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This research is important because it can show what helps health services improve for people with learning disabilities and what gets in the way.

Summary

Research at the University of Leeds has evaluated how well changes to healthcare proposed in the Government White Paper Valuing People (Department of Health 2001) were being implemented in one locality and their impact on people with learning disabilities. The project had a developmental aspect and incorporated two workshops over the course of the study to disseminate preliminary findings. These were used to help key stakeholders evaluate progress and to inform discussions about what should happen next in the fieldwork area.

This paper discusses recommendations from the first research workshop at which preliminary findings from the study were presented. The workshop involved health and social care providers and managers, people with learning disabilities, voluntary and community organizations. It gives an overview of local issues relevant to the White Paper health targets and highlights those that need to be resolved before these targets can be achieved. These issues are likely to be replicated in other areas of England and Wales and have implications for leadership, strategy, the allocation of resources and structures of accountability in health and social care agencies.


This paper presents a numerical investigation of the mechanical behaviour of extended end - plate steel connections including comparison with full size experiments. Contact and friction laws have been taken into account with nonlinear, three dimensional finite element analysis. Material and geometric nonlinearities have been implemented to the model, as well. Results are then compared with experimental tests conducted at the Jordan University of Science and Technology. According to the most significant observation of the analysis, a separation of the column flange from the extended end - plate occurs. Other important structural parameters of the connection, like the impact of some column stiffeners on the overall response, local buckling of the column and friction of the beam to column interface, have been examined as well.


Joyner & Baldwin (1966), Kistner 81; Kotz6 (1973) and M. J. Latham (personal communication) failed to find appreciable NAD-linked activity of lactate dehydrogenase (EC I . I . I .27) in extracts of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens although [~-~*C]pyruvate is converted to [ r-14C]lactate (van Gylswyk, 1976). These results suggested that this bacterium might contain an unusual lactate dehydrogenase. The present work shows that the enzyme is similar to that of several other lactate-producing species, e.g. certain streptococci (Wolin, 1964) and Lactobdcillus casei (de Vries et al., 1g70), in that it is NAD-dependent and activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate.


Effect of chemical potential on the simulated PDW phase structure demonstrated in the study. The phase of the bond-centered singlet superconducting order parameter, for nearest-neighbors on the 3 × 36 lattice with random pair-edge-field where a larger chemical potential of µ = 6.0 is used rather than µ = 4.6. Here, the line thickness is proportional to the amplitude. The lattice has periodic boundary conditions along the short direction and open boundary conditions along the long direction. Increasing the chemical potential, ?, from ? = 4.6 to ? = 6.0 only enlarges the unit cell by an additional lattice site. Credit:


Application of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine together with thymidine during the flower induction period (December-January) increased the percentage of sprouting buds per branch, the number of new laterals per branch and per sprouting bud, and the formation of flowers in February-March The increase in flower formation was mainly due to a large number of mixed laterals (bearing flowers and leaves) which seems to be related to delayed mitotic activity It is suggested that the increase in flower development is related to repression of the synthesis of a flowering inhibitor of a protein nature, which may act either directly or through hormonal balance.


This paper reports on a qualitative research study about the perceptions of university students who collaborated in a virtual and international project to learn about intercultural communication. The findings indicate that participants capitalised on the opportunity the project presented to find friends and develop relationships and that the social interaction also characterised and influenced the learning experience itself and had implications for engagement. The paper concludes that the subjectivities of social interaction are powerfully embedded in learning and need to be explored further in higher education studies in order to inform practice.


AbstractsNicotiana tabaccum ovule extracts induced nuclear reconstitution of demembranated Xenopus leavis sperm in a cell-free system. Demembranated Xenopus sperm began to swell after 15 min of incubation with Nicotiana ovule extracts. Accompanying the process of incubation, Xenopus sperm decondensed and their shapes changed gradually from long and ellipse to round. The completely decondensed chromatin was surrounded with membrane structure, which was a mixture envelope of a double membrane and a single membrane. Nucleosome assembly was verified by means of micrococcal nuclease digestion to reconstituted nuclei and DNA electrophoresis. Nicotiana ovule extracts supplied one more experimental model and system. The new system could promote powerfully the research on mechanisms of cell division and cell cycle regulation.


The visualization system of spatial fields of synoptic objects is presented. Algorithms of scalar and vector fields' visualization are described. Results are shown for synthetic and real data.


This paper presents a kind of drive circuit for active-clamping synchronous rectification.It is suitable for high-voltage and high-power density applications.This drive circuit can reduce the gate-to-source voltages of the syn-chronous rectifiers and then reduce the driven losses of them by bidirectional clamping the gate-to-source voltages.The operation principle of the topology is analyzed.The experiment is carried out in a converter using the proposed topology.The test result is ideal.


This editorial refers to 'Mechanical Non-cardiac comorbidities have become increasingly common in contemporary cardiac intensive care units (CICU). 1,2 Among these, respiratory failure in patients with decompensated heart failure has been of interest from both a prognostic and resource utilization standpoint. 3,4 The need for mechanical ventilation in the CICU can be multi-factorial, and in-hospital mortality for these patients is significantly higher compared to patients who do not require respiratory support. 5 Specifically, patients being considered for advanced heart failure therapies who require mechanical ventilation before durable left ventricular assist device implantation or cardiac transplantation experience higher post-operative mortality. 6,7 Miller et al. 8 analyse the use of mechanical ventilation and survival in patients with stage D heart failure requiring mechanical ventilation at the time of heart transplantation. This study leverages the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database to evaluate the impact of mechanical ventilation at the time of transplantation for adult single-organ heart transplant recipients between 1990 and 2019. Unadjusted analysis was stratified by UNOS status, and the authors do well to try Graphical Abstract


Murine cauda epididymal sperm preincubated in either a modified Krebs-Ringer or M 199 solution bind to cumulus-free, zona pellucida-intact eggs. Pretreatment of such eggs with an affinity purified preparation of the seminal inhibitor binding component (acceptor), isolated from epididymal sperm, reduces in a concentration dependent manner, the number of sperm that bind. Treatment of cauda sperm, preincubated in either of the above two media, with the seminal inhibitor, also reduces the number of sperm able to bind. Incubation of cauda sperm in the Krebs-Ringer solution for up to 4 h does not affect their ability to bind the seminal inhibitor. Omission of bovine serum albumin from the preincubation medium results in a significant reduction in sperm binding. These data are interpreted to mean that the seminal inhibitor acceptor sites on the sperm surface of incubated sperm function in the in vitro binding to the zona pellucida.


Dead reckoning is an exclusive method applied to AUV(Autonomous Underwater Vehicles),when it is underwater.Navigation error of Dead reckoning is emanative as time goes on,because sensor error is exist,and it is very difficult to be accurately measured direct.Dead reckoning method has been simplified after the navigation error of the Doppler navigation system was studied,a new method which can identify navigation error parameters of AUV is provided.The experimentation results suggest that the new method can accurately identify navigation error parameters vector of AUV,and can improve the navigation precision effectively,and it's logical and simple.


In this paper,present occurrence situation of main disease and insect pest in Camellia oleifera forest in Fujian Province was introduced. Then characteristics and the main reason of the situation were stated. Extensive management,lack of research investment and lack of prediction information were the main problems. At last,countermeasures for the problems was proposed,included enhancing scientific forest management,attaching importance to basic research work,advocating biocontrol and rational using of chemical pesticides.


Curing behavior and internal strain of 3-D hybrid braided composites is studied using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Thermo-optic coefficients and photo-elastic constant of fabricated FBG sensors are experimentally determined. A seven-layered three-dimensional (3-D) braided preform is fabricated. S2 glass fiber is used as the main braiding yarn, and Kevlar fiber is inserted in the exterior surface layer in the axial direction. Several nylon fibers are braided together in order to replace the FBG sensors after braiding. FBG sensors are embedded along the curved braiding yarn as well as in the machine direction. An FBG-embedded 3-D braided composite is fabricated using the resin-transfer molding (RTM) process. During the cure process, the expansion and contraction caused by the matrix cure as well as temperature changes are monitored. Local dimensional changes are measured quantitatively using an FBG sensor system. The FBG sensor embedded along a curved braiding yarn exhibited a relatively small amount of shrinkage. By using embedded FBG sensors and surface-bonded electric strain gages, internal strains of the 3-D braided composite are measured during compressive and flexural tests, and the results show good agreement with each other.


ABSTRACT
Despite the evolution of women in the social context, concern and health care is still fragile. Sexually Transmitted Infections are caused by more than 30 etiological agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa), and are mainly transmitted through sexual contact and, eventually, through the blood. These infections can occur in a number of ways. The objective of this study was to investigate the reasons for women to treat and prevent sexually transmitted infections. Qualitative study, anchored in Content Analysis. Twenty women, 18 years of age and older, with active sex life attended at the Francisco Meneses Hospital, in the municipality of Junco do Maranhao, randomly selected during the consultation on the prevention of cervical cancer, participated in the study. Two thematic categories (Treatment and Prevention: Potentials and Fragilities, and Knowledge and Reasons for Prevention and Treatment) emerged, which showed that women claim to have knowledge about treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections, report having reasons to treat with a successful outcome, however, prevention is not achieved. It is concluded that information on prevention and treatment seems to reach women, but it has not proved effective in obtaining the reasons for prevention.


Sarcoidosis is a chronic idiopathic disorder characterized by the accumulation of noncaseating granulomas. We report a case of sarcoidosis with various cutaneous manifestations in a 42-year old female. On cutaneous examination, there were multiple papules on the posterior neck and anterior chest, subcutaneous nodules along an old scar of the right scapular area, violaceous nodule with satellite lesions and subcutaneous nodule on the right knee. Histopathology revealed noncaseating granulomas in all 5 specimens. She was treated with oral prednisolone leading to an excellent clinical response within 3 months of treatment, and remains well without recurrence for follow-up period of 20 months.


Abstract This article argues that the transnational anti-apartheid movement which, from a global perspective, must be seen as one of the most significant social movements during the post-war era, made an important contribution to the emergence and consolidation of a global civil society during this period. The transnational anti-apartheid movement lasted for more than three decades, from the late 1950s to 1994, when the first democratic elections in South Africa were held, and it had a presence on all continents. In this sense, the interactions of the anti-apartheid movement were part of the construction of a global political culture during the Cold War. Further, I argue that the history of the anti-apartheid struggle provides an important historical case for the analysis of present-day global politics, as it is evident that the present mobilization of a global civil society in relation to economic globalization and supranational political institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, has historical links to the post-war, transnational political culture of which the anti-apartheid movement formed an important part. Movement organizations, action forms and networks that were formed and developed in the anti-apartheid struggle are present in this contemporary context, making the transnational anti-apartheid movement an important historical resource for contemporary global civil society.


In mid-autumn of 1948 and again in the summer of 1949 the writer made collections of one of the Duckweed family which until recently has been considered one of quite rare occurrence—Wolffia papulifera Thompson. Both Gray and Britton and Brown cite it as occurring only in Missouri. Muenscher, however, in his Aquatic Plants of the United States, calls it "infrequent in the central states." A recent article in the American Midland Naturalist (Wolffic papulifera in Florida—D. Jacobs, Vol. 42, p. 1.10), announces its discovery in Florida and refers to it as apparently the only known occurrence outside of Missouri. However, it has been collected in several other places, as set forth in an article published some years ago, which has just been brought to the writer's attention. In "Distribution and Flowering in Wolffia papulifera," by W. H. Camp, Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. 33, p. 163 (May, 1933) collections are listed from the following stations: Kennett, Mo. Columbia, Mo. Linn Co., Kan. Mexico City, Mex. Latonia, Ky. Jackson Co., Ohio. Southern Campeche, Mex.


MoOCl2(LOMe) as catalyst, where LOMe is CpCo[P(O)(OMe)2]3, reacts with p-tolyl isocyanate to afford the title compound, C23H23N3O2. The structural features are the intramolecular hydrogen bond forming a six-membered ring and a nearly planar arrangement of the biuret moiety. Each p-tolyl phenyl ring is twisted by approximately 60–80° with respect to the others. The bond lengths N1—C22 of 1.357 (3) A and N2—C23 of 1.333 (3) A indicate that they are partial double bonds.


Economic development of the new silk road. Investment along the belt and road. How the Chinese economic objectives can affect the world trade. Risk and opportunities of the belt and road: a European perspective.


Swedish transportation policy has radically changed during the last decade. In 1979, the principle of a social marginal cost responsibility for road and rail traffic was introduced. The consideration of social costs for traffic accidents was the main innovation. Air pollution was only mentioned as an external effect that could not be calculated at that time. In 1988, when the Swedish parliament adopted the new Transport Policy Act, an essential part of the new transportation policy was the principle of internalization of some of the traffic emissions. They were accordingly considered explicitly in the infrastructure charges for road and rail traffic, as well as for domestic aviation. The explicit evaluations of external effects in Sweden imply road user charges (gasoline and kilometer taxes) that amount to a cost recovery almost 3.5 times higher than the budgetary costs for highways and roads. The same cost responsibility for rail traffic would only increase its corresponding budget about 10%.


This paper addresses the specific issues associated with electromagnetic compatibility that should be taken into account at the developmental stage of distributed systems. The main aim is to establish how far conducted interferences can penetrate the electric grid and how the group of converters, which individually meet EMC standards, influence the mains supply. Presented in this paper are the measuring results of the spread of electromagnetic interference (EMI) current over a typical local electric grid and the low and medium voltage side of the power transformer. The four-quadrant converter that is commonly applied in distributed power systems has been used as a test interference source. The limitations in the applicability of standardized methods for evaluation of aggregated conducted interferences have been presented in a system consisting of a group of two-quadrant frequency converter drives.


A two-block full-factorial matrix was designed to satistically evaluate the influence of bromide ion on the formation and speciation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during chlorination and the effects of independent varables, including pH, reaction time, and chlorine dosage. Almost all of the independent variables were positively correlated with the formation of HAAs. Bromide ion was shown to shift the distribution of HAAs (as well as trihalomethanes) to more brominated species


Molar heat capacity from 310 to 873 K has been determined for Al94Fe2V4 ribbon. The classical integral step-by-step method and the dynamic mode differential scanning calorimetry method dates were mutually related. Specific heats of all Al-rich multicomponent nanostrustured systems, i.e containing amorphous, quasicrystalline or crystalline grains of nanometer dimensions, are anomalously low reflecting the presence of another Al-rich phase – the interphase.


Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of cotton under three tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC (108 g a.i. ha -1 ), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha -1 ), haloxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, and weedy check during 2017 and 2018 at Cotton Research Station, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, and to explore the best management option for effective weed control and enhanced yield of cotton grown after wheat. The results revealed that hand weeding and Floxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density and weed biomass to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Haloxyfop + lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT and CT. Maximum weed population reduction percentage was recorded under haloxyfop+ lactofen. Broad-spectrum herbicides × RT produced the highest seed cotton yield. Weed density and weed biomass were also lowest in broad-spectrum herbicides × RT. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under RT were more effective in wheat based cropping system of D.I.Khan. It is concluded from present data that reduced tillage is more productive than zero tillage and conventional tillage and conservation tillage may improve yield of cotton in addition to improvement in soil quality if severe weeds are not infesting the crop.


Dishui Lake is the largest artificial lake in Shanghai, China. Water in the lake comes from the Huangpu River via the Dazhi River through surrounding river networks, accepts surface runoff and passes through a sluice into the East China Sea. The lake is important for flood control, drainage, water replacement and other functions, and is critical to the Lin忆gang New District忆s landscape and to Shanghai忆s eco鄄city construction. It is a newly formed lake with a fragile ecosystem and could easily be affected by external pollutant sources. Zooplankton play an important role in lake ecosystems and biological productivity at the base of the food chain since they eat phytoplankton, bacteria and detritus and provide food for fish and other aquatic organisms. Filter鄄feeding fish were put into the lake in recent years to control phytoplankton numbers, but a growing filter鄄feeding fish population could harm the zooplankton community. Consequently, long鄄term monitoring of variation in the zooplankton community is vital to the health of Dishui Lake. In order to explore the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in Dishui Lake, we investigated the species composition, density and biomass distribution, dominant species of zooplankton and water quality parameters in Dishui Lake. We used eight sampling sites and took samples monthly from January to December, 2012. We identified 61 species belonging to 33 genera, including 45 Rotifera belonging to 22 genera, 7 Cladocera belonging to 4 genera and 9 Copepoda belonging to 7 genera., Dominant species included Copepoda species Limnoithona sinensis and nauplii, ten Rotifera species, while Cladocera had no dominant species. Dominant species were different in each season. The annual average density of zooplankton was 1200


The Internet service is managed by operators and each one tries to capture larger proportion of Internet traffic. This tendency causes inherent competition in the market. The location of the market in also an important factor. This paper assumes two different markets and two operators are in competition. It is found that elasticities value depend on market position. The priority position market has higher level. This paper present Elasticities analysis of traffic sharing pattern among operators. Simulation study is performing to analyze the Elasticities impact on traffic sharing


The present quantitative study examines all university teachers of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery who experienced the Third Reich as adult citizens (n = 300). The focus is on the following research questions: How high was the percentage of university lecturers that joined the NSDAP (Nazi Party) during the Third Reich? What were the social milieus from which these lecturers originated and in which ways were their respective social backgrounds correlated to their political commitment? Which correlations can be identified between the political position of the lecturers and their career paths in the Third Reich and after 1945? The detection of the persons concerned and the recording of all biographical data was carried out on the basis of numerous archival sources (Federal Archives Berlin, various state, regional and city archives) and printed writings - including specialist encyclopedias, dentist books, faculty chronicles, biographical dissertations as well as laudations and necrologies in contemporary dental journals. The study provides several key findings: Nearly two thirds of the lecturers joined the NSDAP - a figure that is clearly in the upper end of estimates made by previous research as well as significantly above the percentage for medical doctors in general (45 %). The dentists of an upper-class background demonstrated similar affinity for the NSDAP as those of a lower-class background. The vast majority of NSDAP members were able to advance their careers during the Third Reich, but the overwhelming majority of NSDAP members was also able to pass denazification procedures unscathed after 1945. The results are discussed in detail and various explanatory approaches are provided.


The significantly increasing mobile capacity demand, the use of advanced techniques like enhanced multiple input multiple output to boost throughput, very high data rate, reliability, very low latency, long battery life, mobility, and to enable internet of things in 4G and 5G technologies, aggravate extreme backhaul requirements with respect to capacity, latency, availability, energy, and on the top of this, cost efficiency. However, it is challenging to get a complete one backhaul technology that can solve all problems of backhaul especially massive introduction of small cells in mind. To overcome various backhaul problems there are many backhaul solutions i.e. the use of diversified backhaul under different use cases provides cost efficient backhaul solution. This paper presents benefits, implementation challenges, and use cases of mobile backhaul in release 8 and beyond. It also presents coverage and capacity analysis using excel based dimensioning tool for a given sample area. Lastly the paper shows economic benefits of diversified backhaul for small and macro cells and high-level implementation strategy for the considered area.


The general purpose of this study was to present a model of meta-evaluation applied to the performance audit of the Brazilian Court of Audit. This consisted of meta-evaluating its procedures such as criteria, standards, validity, trustworthiness and its results. Auditing, evaluation and meta-evaluation were also conceptualized. The theoretical approach used was based on qualitative methods and their procedures: synthesis of analysis content, deductive grouping criteria from Joint Committee criteria and Qualitative Synthesis Studies. Meta-evaluation was defined as evaluation from other evaluation considering its aspects: methodology; subject selection, purpose, criteria and results analysis. Ten audits of government performance were analyzed. The results showed weakness of methods and techniques used to evaluate the program context and criteria related to applying audit methods and techniques. To conclude, other difficulties of the audit process were demonstrated and there are also suggestions on how to improve it.


The receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is highly expressed in hypothalamic GnRH neurons, as well as in anterior pituitary gonadotrophs. In our previous study, we found that stimulation of the GnRH receptor activated protein kinase D1 (PKD1), and PKD1 was involved in the Fyn-mediated activation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in cultured GnRH neurons (GT1-7 cells). In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of Pyk2 activation and the interaction of Pyk2 and Fyn in GT1-7 cells. Experiments with site-directed mutants of Pyk2 indicated that tyrosine 402 (Tyr402) was phosphorylated both by autophosphorylation and by Fyn, whereas Tyr579 was phosphorylated exclusively by Fyn. We found that dasatinib, a Src family inhibitor, enhanced the interaction of Pyk2 and Fyn. Experiments with site-directed mutants of Pyk2 and Fyn indicated that dasatinib enhanced the binding of Pyk2 autophosphorylated at Tyr402 and the Src homology 2 domain in Fyn. Our present data may suggest that fully activated Pyk2 dissociates from Fyn after Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of Pyk2 at sites other than Tyr402 and Tyr579.


A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to compare the nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance among the constructed wetlands with a zeolite media substrate, a gravel media substrate, and a soil layer (free surface), respectively. For comparison, we kept a 1 day hydraulic retention time , and fed with the same wastewater in the experiment. The experimental results show that for the zeolite wetland the total nitrogen removal rate is close to 60%, for the gravel wetland phosphorus removal rate is 70% the highest, and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate for free surface constructed wetland are between those for zeolite and gravel wetlands. The different nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms for these three wetlands are discussed, and the economic efficiency and operating scheme are compared.


Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can generate differential diagnosis lists that may contain hundreds of diseases. These lists grow in size as coverage expands to rare diseases, but large lists can easily become a burden on user cognition. To address this issue, we first outline the representations of differential diagnosis lists on current CDSSs, and then propose a novel approach that represents these differential diagnosis lists hierarchically, coupled with an algorithm for optimal initialization. Preliminary evaluation suggested that our proposed approach outperforms existing approaches with respect to search costs, particularly for large lists. This hierarchical representation should alleviate the cognitive load on user physicians and provide an efficient means to search through very large lists.


Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by tuberculosis (TB) is a rare presentation of this disease. We report the case of a 32-year-old male presenting a swelling in the left wrist associated to paresthesia in the second and third ipsilateral fingers. EMG findings were compatible with carpal tunnel syndrome. The radiographs revealed a volar mass and geodes of the first row of the wrist. Histological examination confirmed diagnosis. Antibacillary chemotherapy produces excellent results.


Topical theoretical points of the solution chemistry of tervalent lanthanides and actinides related to their solvent extraction separation are concerned: a comparison is made between the properties of lanthanide and actinide aqua ions such as coordination numbers, interatomic distances, redox potentials, polarizability, and thermodynamic parameters. In-series variations in the hard-acid character of the tervalent lanthanides and actinides and the spectral properties of their complexes are discussed. The hardness of the p-, d-, and f-block elements is studied.


Among autobiographical works by seventeenthand eighteenth-century Puritans, two overlapping manuscripts by Cotton Mather which were not published until the twentieth century hold a central place. Paterna, copied largely from Mather's "Reserved Memorials," puts a very thin narrative frame on an anonymous father's record of personal religious experience for his son. And the much more widely read "Reserved Memorials," usually referred to as Mather's diary, express the pious hopes, exercises, and literary and pastoral activities of a Christian who tries for more than forty years to bring his behavior into conformity with the will of God as events in his own life reveal that divine will to him. Close attention to some representative passages from different sections of the "Reserved Memorials," ranging from the 1680s to the 1720s, should demonstrate both the cost of misreading the work as a mere diary and the value of noticing the narrator's retrospective emphasis.


Atrazine (A) is one of the most applied herbicides and has a negative impact on the environment and health. Density functional theory (DFT) and experimental methods were used in the study of the immobilization of atrazine in two smectites, montmorillonite (Mt) and beidellite (Bd), as well as in their organically modified structures. Four systems were examined: A-Mt and A-Bd, as well as the structures modified by tetramethylphosphonium cation (TMP), A-TMP-Mt and A-TMP-Bd. The calculations revealed a flat arrangement of the atrazine in the interlayer space of both smectites with higher stability of beidellite structures. The presence of the TMP cation increased the fixation of atrazine in both organically modified smectites. The calculated vibrational spectra allowed a detailed analysis of the overlapping bands observed in the experimental FTIR spectra and their correct assignment. Further, selected FTIR bands unambiguously assigned to atrazine and both smectites served for the estimation of the adsorbed amount of atrazine. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of both TMP-modified smectites did not increase in comparison to the adsorption capacity of unmodified smectite samples.


Although neutropenic fever is frequently observed during chemotherapy, only a minor proportion is caused by blood stream infections (BSI). This study investigated measurements of neutrophil chemotaxis as risk markers for BSI in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).


The authors determine possible changes of aerodynamic characteristics, dimensions and weight parameters of «UTKA» ekranoplan under rational mutual arrangement of bearing surfaces with regard to their interference, while maintaining the stability of the apparatus.


OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC fluorescence method for determination tramadol hydrochloride in human plasma.METHODSThe method involved a single liquid-liquid extraction procedure and aspecific determination with fluorescence detector,in witch fluconazol was used as internal standard.HPLC instrument was used with the column C18(Diamonsil,250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was composed of phosphate buffer solution(0.04 mol·L-1,pH 3.5)-acetonitrile(77∶23).The fluorimetric excitation and emission wavelength were set at 275 nm and 302 nm,respectively.RESULTSLinear range was 5-1 000 μg·L-1.The lower limit of quantitation was 1.0 μg·L-1.The within-day and between-day precision of variation was less than 7.7%.The average extraction recoveries for tramadol were(85.2±4.3)%,(80.6±3.5)% and(83.6±3.6)%,respectively.CONCLUSIONThe method is reproducible,sensitive,convenient and rapid.It is applicable to the determination of the concentration of tramadol in human plasma.


concrete perspectives to address them. The first part will focus on identifying the participants' representations of the methodological difficulties of PHIR. The second part will be an interactive presentation of 12 minutes, the last 2-3minutes will be devoted to final questions. Abstract citation


Abstract : The submachine gun was an important Soviet weapon during the years of World War II. Its lightness and ease of handling made it an ideal weapon for close combat. The development of the submachine gun reflected the development of Soviet mass production techniques demanded by the pressures of the War.


Abstract : This report summarizes the findings of a longitudinal study of married Naval personnel. The overall study focuses on the conflict between Navy career commitment and the demands of the family. The present report emphasizes the relationship between retention intention and factors important for staying or leaving, and the subsequent retention behavior.


Combat attrition can be modelled as either a deterministic or a stochastic process. In this thesis the forecasts of combat outcomes generated by deterministic and stochastic Lanchaster-type models for combat between two homogeneous forces are compared. Using stochastic formulations, the probability of winning is studied and contrasted with a deterministic win criterion for some idealized combat situations. Force ratios required to assure victory in an attack are studied from this standpoint.


In July 2009, a group of actors and philosophers met on the island of Santorini, under the direction of voice teacher Kristin Linklater, to explore links between the theatre's approach to truth and philosophy's. Linklater's voice exercises were to be the bridge. Surprisingly, there was a meeting of mind and body—and some mutual understanding between theatre and philosophy.


The article addresses examination scheduling issues faced by veterinarian graduates in the U S amid coronavirus pandemic-related closures Topics discussed include remarks from Doctor Layna Tarpalechee, a graduate of Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, concerns of some veterinary graduates who failed the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE), and statement from Tom Warren, vice president of product line marketing for Prometric, about testing centers


For some years, I have been trying to understand Richard Wright's struggle to find and make meaning of Black life and living in a meaningless world that is grounded in white supremacy and anti-Black racism (Hayes, 1997, 2008, forthcoming). Initially influenced by political theorist Cedric Robinson's critical discussion of Wright in his book, Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition (1983), I have approached Wright's ideas from the standpoint of Black existential political philosophy (See Gordon, 1995, 1997, 2000; Yancy, 2008). Black existentialism is a branch of Africana philosophy, which focuses on the philosophical tendencies that arose out of the historical experience of the African Diaspora; that is to say, this perspective is a response to the often traumatic experience of being Black in the context of an anti-Black world. In my judgment, Wright's existential quest made him the foremost Black writer to have exploded on the modern American literary scene in the period immediately following the Harlem Renaissance. And as a Black male, he was the essence of Black literary power. Richard Wright is a towering figure in twentieth-century Africana literary, philosophical, and political thought. Novelist of ideas, radical activist, and global intellectual, he posed a number of pressing questions that spanned many political milieux and traditional academic disciplines. As the author of both fictional and nonfictional works, he was quite simply one of America's most influential writers. His attempts to extirpate the root motives that underlie Western civilization's violent anti-Black racism and Black people's struggle for meaning and liberation in an absurd world deeply influenced subsequent generations of


In order to train all-round development of high-quality skillful talents, and solve the general problem that higher vocational colleges in china over-emphasis on skills training and despise the status of vocational humanistic education, A Survey research method was adopted to study the manifestations of over-emphasis on skills training and despise the status of vocational humanistic education. Results shows that vocational humanistic education in higher vocational colleges has following problems: lack of systematic planning, vague and marginalization of vocational humanistic education, lack of humanity heritage in higher vocational colleges, weak in teaching ability of vocational humanistic education, lack of evaluation mechanisms for vocational humanistic education. In order to realize the ultimate goal of education and the true meaning of education, based on the results, we recommend that higher vocational colleges should establish the educational concept of "the all-round development of human being", take positive and effective measures to make technical education and vocational humanistic education in close connection. Higher vocational colleges should also change the concept, emphasize professional penetration, focus on education by environment, enhance the teaching ability and improve the evaluation mechanism.


Carrier transport equations for analysis of semiconductor devices fabricated in materials with multiple band minima, such as GaAs, are presented. An approach is taken in which the carrier density is conserved and an approximation to the distribution function in terms of quasi-Fermi potentials, carrier temperatures, and other fixed parameters is used that satisfies the particle energy and temperature distributions for each valley in the material. A model of a GaAs MESFET, which illustrates the importance of the physical effects and achieves reasonable agreement with experiment without use of adjustable parameters, is presented as an example. >


Aims: To identify the bacteriological and mycological aetiology of CSOM and to detect the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates. Materials and Method: A total of 100 patients attending the Ear Nose & Throat (ENT) department, with complaints of ear discharge were included in the study. Two swabs were collected. First swab was used for gram staining and the second for culture and sensitivity. Results: Culture reports showed 91% growth, of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp were the most predominant species (35.23%). Fungal growth obtained had Candida non-albicans as the predominant species followed by Aspergillus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high sensitivity to Piperacillin-tazobactam (100%) and Tobramycin (100%) and was least sensitive to Ceftazidime (54%). Conclusion: This study will help the clinicians in the ENT department to choose the appropriate treatment and formulate a protocol for empirical therapy.


Redox radical-chain reactions of diaryliodonium halides (Ar 2 I + X) with THF and 1,3-dioxolane to give arenes (ArH) and iodoarenes (Ari) are reported. When the reactions are initiated by irradiation at 313 nm, the quantum yield for the formation of iodoarene is substantially greater than 1 (Φ ≃ 2-20). Nonphotochemical radical initiators give the same reaction, showing that the photochemical step is simply an initiation step. The key propagation step in these reactions is a single-electron reduction of the onium salts by ether-derived radicals: The photoinitiated reaction with THF follows zero-order kinetics, showing that termination does not compete with electron transfer


Annual maintenance is vital for any heavy industries including power plant to ensure the plants operate consistently. A proper maintenance management can reduce the failures occurrence and maintain the good performances. This paper reviews the literature on maintenance optimization mechanisms that have been utilized to solve the difficult and complex problems in power system. A brief introduction and literature review on the turnaround maintenance are included in this paper. In order to optimize the maintenance tasks of power plant systems, the tasks need to be prioritized first. Hence, this paper also presented several literatures on the methods used for maintenance prioritization. This paper includes the most related case studies and references on maintenance actions involved in power plants. The main outcome of this reviewed paper is to become a reference for the power plant people in choosing the best mechanism to be implemented in their plant so that the plant performance can be improved, specifically in term of maintenance practice.


Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay argues that the recent report offers excellent insight on how to revise funds allocation to better represent Indian states' socio-economic landscape.


abstract:This essay considers the American encounter with Islam in the Early Republic though the lenses of Americans' stories about the 1806 destruction of the Essex, a New England merchantman trading in the Red Sea, and the subsequent captivity and conversion of the ship's boy, John Poll, at the hands of the alleged "pirate" Sayyid Muhammad ʿAqil. James R. Fichter traces the shifting, sometimes contradictory features of these stories, demonstrating how changing trade and military relations between the United States and Barbary led to them being interpreted in different ways over time. This essay broadens the geography of scholarship of the early national encounter with Islam beyond North Africa to the Indian Ocean.


conceptualization Riding and Rayner (1998), on the other hand, identify the dimensions as holist–analytic and verbal–imagery styles. By this they mean that when presented with a piece of information, some learners have a preference for grasping it as a whole concept, while others favour an atomistic, step-by-step approach. At the stage of internalization, some will use words to accommodate the new knowledge into their existing understanding while others prefer images or pictures. On the one hand, there have been efforts to categorize learners into preferred learning types, and to link these particular styles of learning (such as that which balances experiencing and conceptualizing) with the quality of learning outcomes in different contexts (see Heffler 2001, Mainemelis et al 2002). On the other hand, many educators question the trustworthiness of learning style categorizations (Swailes and Senior 1999, Garner 2000, Duffy and Duffy 2002, Henson and Hwang 2002, Coffield et al 2004) and challenge the belief that learning styles should be matched by curricular or pedagogic modifications (Klein 2003). Klein points out that learning styles including cognitive style, which concerns central processes such as reasoning


This paper contains the results of research on the exposure of the meaning and value of agriculture ritual speech on Dawan ethnic in Mollo. This study is based on the Cultural Linguistic Theory that sees language is a cultural expression that describes the user's perception or view of the world. Based on the theory, the results obtained, as follows: (1) the language in ritual speech include: a magical function, a conative function, and an emotive function; (2) agriculture ritual speech on Dawan ethnic in Mollo has meaning and value like surrender, togetherness, inheritance, and environmental care.


Objective : Presently, there is no reliable method that allows accurate prediction of the clinical course of an individual superficial bladder tumour. As 10-20% of superficial bladder tumours will become invasive, the discovery of a single or combination of prognostic markers would allow the early establishment of appropriate treatment regimens that could potentially prolong patient life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of both p27 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), individually and in combination as prognostic markers for bladder cancer. Patients and methods : Immunohistochemistry was used to assess bladder tumours for p27 (54 samples), nuclear EGFR (65 samples) and 49 biopsies for both markers. Results : To assess p27 expression, a cut-off value of 30% was employed. Associations were found between p27 status and grade, stage, disease recurrence and progression ( p =0.0113, 0.0001, 0.0167 and 0.0024, respectively). Patients presenting with p27 positive tumours had longer dis...


In this paper, the basic theory and the experimental arrangement of laser spallation technique are introduced. Some recent advances in several key aspects of the technique such as stimulation of the stress pulse, measurements and determination of the threshold laser energy are reviewed and analyzed.


Transition estimates have largely been made in help-seeking patients engaged by specialised early-intervention services. Many people in the community have subthreshold or transient psychotic symptoms, 10 but most are not distressed and do not seek help. The predictive value of the highrisk state in this group would thus be lower than in help-seeking samples. 11 The inclusion of an additional criterion requiring treat ment seeking and distress or disability to diagnose attenuated psychosis syndrome might prevent these other wise well individuals with subthreshold psychotic symptoms from being labelled and treated unnecessarily. However, concerns remain that the inclusion of this new syndrome could result in patients with symptoms being labelled as having an illness and could lead them to seek treatment unnecessarily, or for others to seek treatment on their behalf. On balance, since the high-risk group is heterogeneous in presentation, clinical needs, and outcome, we believe that inclusion of attenuated psychosis syndrome as a new DSM diagnosis would be premature. Research is needed to enable detection of patients most at risk of psychosis within the high-risk group before the creation of this new category.


Tree gaps may be Important habitats for the establishment and spread of understory herbs in eastern (USI deciduous forests. Data from past studies. however. have not shown any clear patterns for either species diversity or increased percent cover. The lack of clear patterns of response to gaps by herbs may be due to evolutionary differ ences among specIes or. in part. due to the fact that most studIes have boen short-torm and long-term patterns have. therefore, not been observed. In addition, few studies have considered the responses of individual genets andlor ramets. We have been conducting a long-term study of Cynoglossumvlrginianum. now in its 16th year. to determine subpopulatlon and individuals' responses In gap and non-gap habitats. A larger percentage of individuals flowered in the gap subpopulation shortly after it was created. Seed production rates were also higher in the gap subpopulatlon. The long-term benefits gained by the short-term flowerIng response have, however. been few as all but two of the seedlings produced withIn a few years of gap formation have died. In addition. all of individuals that flowered and pro duced seeds decreased in size and most have remained In the smaller size classes. In addition, only one of the in dividuals In the gap subpopuiatlon has flowered since the initial flowering response while plants In non-gap subpopu lations have flowered and produced seeds throughout the study period. Gaps may only be beneficial to C. virgi nianum If seeds are dlsparsed into non-gap areas or if seeds can remain dormant in the soil until conditions are more suitable for seedling survival.


The study focused on the optimisation of immunohistochemical examination for gluten content detection in model samples (pork meat with wheat semi-smooth flour, pork meat with wheat protein edible vital). The best results were achieved with immunohistochemical method based on ABC (avidin-biotin complex) method utilising polyclonal antibodies diluted 1:1000. The results demonstrate that for pure wheat protein detection, the utilisation of immunohistochemical detection, which can detect as little as 0.1% of the added wheat protein, is more advantageous, while the commonly used ELISA method reliably proves this additive approximately from 0.4% upwards.


Aerial insects demonstrate fast and precise heading control when they perform body saccades and rapid escape maneuvers. While insect-scale micro-aerial-vehicles (IMAVs) have demonstrated early results on heading control, their flight endurance and heading angle tracking accuracy remain far inferior to that of natural fliers. In this work, we present a long endurance sub-gram aerial robot that can demonstrate effective heading control during hovering flight. Through using a tilted wing stroke-plane design, our robot demonstrates a 10-second flight where it tracks a desired yaw trajectory with maximum and root-mean-square (RMS) error of $\boldsymbol{14.2^{\circ}}$ and $\boldsymbol{5.8}^{\mathrm{o}}$. The new robot design requires 7% higher lift forces for enabling heading angle control, which creates higher stress on wing hinges and adversely influences robot endurance. To address this challenge, we developed novel 3-layered wing hinges that exhibit 1.82 times improvement of lifetime. With the new wing hinges, our robot demonstrates a 40-second hovering flight - the longest among existing sub-gram IMAVs. These results represent substantial improvement of flight capabilities in soft-actuated IMAVs, showing the potential of operating these insect-like fliers in cluttered natural environments.


We herein report a case of Renal Cell Cancer (RCC) picked up incidentally with an Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) in a patient with a very recent normal Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS). The mass was successfully resected surgically.


Based on an analysis to the stratigraphical and morphological sequence of early species of conodont Ancyrodella from the lower part of the Gubi Formation at Liujing(Guangxi), the evolutionary lineage Ancyrodella binodosa→A. rotundiloba→A.alata→A.gigas has been recognized. By the correlation with the GSSP of the Middle Upper Devonian boundary, the Middle Upper Devonian boundary at Liujing defined by the first occurrence of Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form is placed at a level of 1.80m above the base of the Gubi Formation. This boundary within the early evolutionary lineage of Ancyrodella is reliable, and can be used in high resolution correlation with the GSSP.


A practical method for the synthesis of allylic thioacyanate from allylic alcohol was disclosed employing K2S2O8 as the oxidant and NH4SCN as the thiocyanate source. Without introducing a leaving group...


The history of sexuality is now such a respectable academic discipline, or at least such an established one, that its practitioners no longer feel much pressure to defend the enterprise—to rescue it from suspicions of being a palpable absurdity. Once upon a time, the very phrase "the history of sexuality" sounded like a contradiction in terms: how, after all, could sexuality have a history? Nowadays, by contrast, we are so accustomed to the notion that sexuality does indeed have a history that we do not often ask ourselves what kind of history sexuality has. If such questions do come up, they get dealt with cursorily, in the course of the methodological throat clearing that historians ritually perform in the opening paragraphs of scholarly articles. Recently, this exercise has tended to include a more or less obligatory reference to the trouble once caused to historians, long long ago in a country far far away, by theorists who had argued that sexuality was socially constructed—an intriguing idea in its time and place, or so we are reassuringly told, but one that was taken to outlandish extremes and that no one much credits any longer.1 With the disruptive potential of these metahistorical questions safely relegated to the past, the historian of sexuality can get down, or get back, to the business at hand. But this new consensus, and the sense of theoretical closure that accompanies it, is premature. I believe that it is more useful than ever to ask how sexuality can have a history. The point of such a question, to be sure, is no longer to register the questioner's skepticism and incredulity (as if to say, "How on earth could such a thing be possible?") but to inquire more closely into the modalities of historical being that sexuality possesses: to ask how exactly—in what terms, by virtue of what temporality, in which of its dimensions or aspects—sexuality does have a history. That question, of course, has already been answered in a number of ways, each of them manifesting a different strategy for articulating the relation between


Software maintenance is an important phase in the software development life cycle. Software projects maintain bug repositories to gather, organize, and keep track of bug reports. These bug reports are resolved by numerous software developers. Whenever the reported bug does not get resolved by the assigned developer, he marks the resolution of bug report as Non‐Reproducible (NR). When NR bugs are reconsidered, few of them get resolved, and their resolution changes from NR to fix (NRF). The main aim of this paper is to predict these fixable NRF bug reports. A major challenge in predicting NRF bugs from NR bugs is that only a small portion of NR bugs get fixed, i.e., class‐imbalance problem. For example, NRF bugs account for only 8.64%, 4.73 %, 4.56%, and 1.06% in NetBeans, Eclipse, Open Office, and Mozilla Firefox projects respectively. In this paper, we work on improving the classification performance on these imbalanced datasets. We propose IMNRFixer, a novel and hybrid NRF prediction tool. IMNRFixer uses three different techniques to combat class‐imbalance problem: undersampling, oversampling, and ensemble models. We evaluate the performance of IMNRFixer models on four large and open‐source projects of Bugzilla repository. Our results show that IMNRFixer outperforms conventional machine learning techniques. IMNRFixer achieves performance up to 71.7%, 93.1%, 91.7%, and 96.5% while predicting the minority class (NRF) for NetBeans, Eclipse, Open Office, and Mozilla Firefox projects, respectively.


In the last years, it has been observed in the populations a tendence for a better quality of life and a greater contact with the nature. This behavior intensified with the pandemic Covid-19 period, where a migration to rural regions and a search for houses with more space can be observed, thus increasing the growth of these regions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to elaborate a tool for evaluating the sustainable urban expansion in rural areas. Such evaluation is carried out through multicriteria analysis, where aspects such infrastructure and the probability and challenges for the region to have sustainable expansion. Through this tool it will be possible to evaluate the occupation of rural areas, with an easy-to-operation analysis instrument using the multicriteria analysis. The use of this technique helped to validate the tool with the consulted specialists, bringing an even broader view to it due to the multidisciplinary of the respondents. The tool allows us to carry out this survey using the bibliography, public documents and field visits, thus being able to have actualized information of great importance for the construction of action plans for an expansion in rural areas, contemplating the socio-environmental and economic needs.


IgA proteases are extracellular proteolytic enzymes of bacterial pathogens including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria rneningitidis, Hernophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus sanguis.' These proteases each exhibit highly selective substrate specificity, cleaving one of the peptide bonds in the replicated hinge region of the human IgA, heavy polypeptide chain. In the course of our studies on these enzymes, it was observed that a pool of normal human colostral secretory IgA was resistant to hydrolysis, an unexpected finding because at least half of this IgA preparation was composed of proteasesusceptible IgA, protein. Moreover, in the presence of low levels of this secretory IgA, the IgA proteases were unable to hydrolyze serum IgA substrates, indicating that the secretory protein was a direct inhibitor of enzyme activity. Also, human serum and plasma inhibited the enzymes, and this anti-protease activity was localized to the IgG fraction of serum. Because these data indicated that IgA-protease inhibition is widespread in secretions and plasma and is exclusively found among immunoglobulin molecules, we predicted that inhibition was through an anti-enzyme antibody mechanism? Our initial findings, reported here, indicate that this hypothesis is probably correct.


High-power characteristics have been investigated for GaN/InGaN double heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) on SiC substrates. A base-collector diode showed a high breakdown voltage exceeding 50 V, which is ascribed to a wide band gap of a GaN collector. The maximum collector current is proportional to the emitter size in the emitter-size ranging from 1.5×10−5 to 1.4×10−4 cm2. The corresponding maximum collector current density is as high as 6.7 kA/cm2, indicating the high current density characteristics of bipolar transistors. A 50 μm×30 μm device operated up to a collector–emitter voltage of 50 V and a collector current of 80 mA in its common-emitter current–voltage characteristics at room temperature. The corresponding power density is as high as 270 kW/cm2, showing that nitride HBTs are promising for high-power electronic devices in terms of both the material and the device structure.


Deng Xiaoping's legacy as a social reformer can be considered in the context of his ideas regarding the selection and promotion of human talent, and the implications of those ideas for the political and social order. Deng's ideas are contrasted primarily with those of Mao Zedong, even though at many times and in many of the utterances of both men there is little that can be distinguished.


A new steroid, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol palmitate was isolated from the whole plants of Arenaria kansuensis (Caryophyllaceae) and its structure was determined by chemical and spectroscopic means


Transparent electrodes, for instance ITO (indium tin oxide), are used in electronic devices such as touch screen, flat panel display, and solar cell technologies. It is costly to pattern and has a tendency to crack when used due to its brittle nature. The development of technologies to deliver low cost flexible alternatives using single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fledgling but has a promising potential in optoelectronic devices, such as touch panel in smart mobile, and transparent conducting films (TCF), etc. Although carbon nanotube (CNTs) electrodes show promise in possessing suitable TCF properties, poor dispersion in common solvents have limited their practical usage. CNTs-based transparent conducting films have been demonstrated in various methods, such as vacuum filtration, transfer printing, drop casting, dip-coating, etc. However, most of the processes only promise uniform performance in small area, which cannot be expanded to practicable scale. On the other hand, the rod and slot coating being developed solve these drawbacks of the aforementioned processes. But in this method, the CNTs need to be functionalized, which increase the cost of production. Here, we propose a method to fabricate CNTs films with high transparency, electrical conductivity, and relatively uniform on large (10 cm×10 cm) substrate by ultrasonic spray coating.


abstract:This article engages debate on how Cormac McCarthy's novel No Country for Old Men (2005) grapples with what it means to live a life of courage in the face of existential threats by exploring the motives behind key moral choices made by main characters Anton Chigurh and Ed Tom Bell. With support from Paul Tillich's 1952 book The Courage to Be, the article finds that the primary intention behind these characters' choices is to protect themselves against the existential anxiety of self-condemnation. This reading contests notions that Chigurh either has no sense of moral responsibility or aims to evade it, and that Bell's story is one of moral cowardice to the end, concluding that the author's vision meets challenges presented by overwhelming external forces rather than resigning to them. These results may serve future research about self-affirmation in McCarthy's work.


The attempt to develop cost analysis methodologies for the marketing function began at the turn of the century. Early attempts followed the pattern of factory cost analysis and progress was slow until the break-through in the years 1940–1941.


Battery impedance measuring techniques provide accurate estimation of electrochemical parameters. This paper presents an AC current injection circuit, which is connected to the Li-ion battery in parallel with an LC filter-based dc/ac inverter configuration. The proposed approach injects AC perturbation current into the battery in order to measure internal battery impedance without a battery charger. It performs an AC sweep, and the measured voltage, current, and time data are processed to estimate battery impedance. This data will be utilized for further analysis for preventive maintenance and safety precautions in the battery management system. The performance of the proposed current injection and measurement technique is validated using simulations through PSIM and MATLAB Simulink and was tested with a 40Ah 13.6V Li-Ion battery.


This paper shows a heuristic approach of enhanced simulated annealing based on extended species abundance models of biogeography in order to obtain optimal solution for Travelling Tournament Problem. We upgrade the migration step of BBO by using probabilistic measures and hybridize it with simulated annealing to solve the TTP problem and avoid the problem of local minima. Our proposed hybrid approach converges to an optimal solution for TTP. There is negative impact of non deterministic problems on the TTP solution. We considered all these non-deterministic problems as noise. The physical significance of noise in our algorithm is any existing parameter which can affect the fitness of the habitat. We also calculate the overall cost of TTP for various extended species abundance models of BBO (Linear and Non linear models) to achieve desirable results. We compare the performance of our approach with other methodologies like ACO and PSO.


The basement and the first 11 floors, including the superb banking hall, were handed over in July and became fully operational at the beginning of August. The upper sections of the building are being progressively handed over; the whole building will be completed by November. Architects Foster Associates have worked with their client, the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, to produce far more than a serviced shell; the building incorporates a host of sophisticated systems related to the various operational functions of the bank and has been termed a 'finance factory'.


The robust stability analysis of three degrees of freedom helicopter singular systems is complex and difficult to design.Based on state-space theory,the linear dynamics model of three degrees of freedom helicopter was constructed.The conclusions that three degrees of freedom helicopter system is no feasible solution and non-robust stability are obtained.The conditions for robust asymptotic stability of singular system was derived and proved using LMI(Linear Matrix Inequalities).The ruboust stability of state feedback control rate is found.The three degrees of freedom helicopter system state response curves,indicate that designed controller has better stability and robustness than the LQR(Linear Quadratic Regulator) controller.


This theoretical study is primarily anchored in the area of economic theory, legal theory and law. It seeks a multidisciplinary and comparative examination of issues, the concept and regulation of which remains largely unfinished in the international economic, legal environment and in the decades of professional and laconic debates. Not only in economic terms, there are numbers of unanswered questions in the long term, not only in economic practice. However, as the concept of a security is a matter of non-economic interest as well as legal theorists, the answers to the lack of clarity and difficulties are quite difficult to find. The aim of the study is to contribute to the correct economic and theoretical definition of a key concept in the field of securities. The setting of this objective is based directly on needs and emerging practical problems in business practice. Indeed, their proper understanding and application has a fundamental impact on the contractual trading of securities in global terms. In connection with the processing of the matter, we have applied primarily qualitative methods, having regard to the nature of the subject of the matter under examination (methodological and economic terms). However, we also make use of scientific literature, case-law and the analogy of law, providing our contribution with qualifying responses to the pitfalls of economic and legal practices.


Nordic Institute for Theoretic Atomic Physics, Blegdamsvej 17, DE-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark (Received 9 February 1981) The frequencies of B-phase order-parameter modes are calculated with 1 ~ 1 pairing interactions and all Landau parameters included. The two modes that have been observed are modified by v3 and the 1=2 Landau parameters. The corrections from v3 and F2 can explain the observed frequency and temperature dependence of the 2+ mode (real squashing mode). A new mode with J=4, whose frequency depends on v3, v5, and F4, may be observable in the zero-


This is the first record of Paravelia recens (Drake & Harris, 1935) (Heteroptera: Veliidae) in phytotelmata of Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907 (Bromeliaceae). The study was conduced at Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, located on road AM 010 Km 26, Manaus, Amazonas. Twelve samplings were taken between April 2003 and April 2005, namely, six in the wet season and six in the dry season. Twelve bromeliads were analysed for each sampling, six terrestrials and six epiphytics, totaling 144 samples. With the exception of the 2004 March and October samples, 94 specimens of P. recens were found. The number of individuals was similar in the stratums sampled, accounting for 46 terrestrials and 48 epiphytics. P. recens were found in great abundance in the wet season (t-test between season; t=2,57; p=0,011), and the abundance of individuals was positively correlated with water volume by bromeliad (rs= 0,18; p=0,033). This fact could be explained by the major input of water in the wet season, causing the increase of mean water volume by bromeliad.


Huge amount of data is generated daily by billions of web users. The usage pattern of the web data could be very prized to the company in the field of understanding consumer behavior. Web usage mining includes three phases namely preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. The focus of this paper is to establish an algorithm for pattern discovery based on the association between the users accessed web pages. We have proposed a complete preprocessing methodology to identify the distinct users. The foundation of the algorithm is to find the frequently accessed web pages. The biggest constrain for mining web usage patterns are computation overhead and memory overhead. The performance evaluation of algorithm shows that our algorithm is efficient and scalable.


South African design and innovation 'firsts' include the traffic light, the Kreepy Krawly and mine resistant and ambush protected (MRAP) vehicles, along with technologies like Pratley Putty, Sasol's oil from coal refinery process, the CAT scan and the heart transplant.
Despite this impressive track record, it is clear that South Africa needs to focus more tenaciously on design as a means of building a stronger economy, for example take Abu Dhabi which openly espouses their city as the Design Cluster of Dubai in an effort to build a new age economy. Dubai is investing much of its Petro Dollars into this cluster of innovation and product development.


Wild vegetable resources in Dawei Mountain Area were investigated. The results showed that there were 146 species wild vegetables which belong to 9 types including leaves, stem-buds, root-tubers,flowers, fruits, seeds, edible mushrooms, bamboo shroots, allium-garlics. Present situation of exploitation and utilization of wild vegetable was analyzed ,development and preservation countermeasures were presented,and relevant suggestions involved in exploitation and utilization were presented.


This paper attempts to examine the effect of the discrepancy between aspired richness and perceived richness, income, and materialistic values on life satisfaction. The theoretical framework is bas ...


[18 F]FPyKYNE-c(RGDyK) was successfully synthesized by the Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes to azides using [18 F]FPyKYNE as a prosthetic group in an overall radiochemical yield of 12%–18% (decay-corrected) and >99.5% chemical and radiochemical purities in 125 min including quality control. This simple, fully automated two-step, two-reactor approach consists of a quick and convenient purification of the prosthetic group using silica gel cartridges and its subsequent use for the labeling of the azido-c(RGDyK) peptide via click chemistry.


The multichip packaging techniques have evolved over the years and have resulted in many solutions towards 3D integrated circuits. The key component to these technologies is Through Silicon Via. Typical TSV structures (2.5 micron diameter and 20 micron length and 5 micron diameter and 50 micron length) are analyzed using HFSS, with a view to generate data and understanding of TSV performance, specific to realization of integrated passives. TSV based inductor structure has been studied for different dimensions, number of turns and ground shielding. This has been compared with those of 2D spiral structures also analyzed using HFSS. Further, Via based vertical inductor realized within the metal layers of a sub micron technology has been simulated and analyzed for range of values and parasitics. The parasitics of TSV based inductance are found to be comparable with those of conventional spiral structure; this is specific to resistance of L which is of the same order in both cases, for a given inductance value. However, the area occupied on the die by a vertical TSV based inductor is considerably less than that by a conventional spiral inductor. The range of values that can be achieved by a TSV based L depends on the TSV length, which in turn depends on the interposer thickness in chip / wafer stacking. A 20 micron TSV based inductor has L in the range of 50-500 pH; a 50 micron interposer technology can generate much higher values of inductors. With considerable advantage on the die size, the TSV based inductor is a potential integrated passive for stacked 3D microcircuits.


The current special issue brings together intriguing and important cross-country comparisons of issues pertinent to early adolescence that can inform the design and implementation of broader and relevant public health prevention strategies. The findings illustrate the importance of cross-country analyses for better understanding a range of health-related factors, including risk behaviors, mental health concerns, life satisfaction, and parent–child communication and relationships. The findings also underscore the convergence across countries and cultures of risk and protective factors as well as their associations with adverse health outcomes. Taken as a whole, the findings demonstrate that there are different unmet needs among girls and boys. As such, the findings stress the importance of providing youth with targeted prevention approaches and also, where feasible, sex-specific prevention and intervention strategies to direct scarce resources where they are most urgently needed.


Despite the use of pegylated‐interferon (peg‐IFN) plus ribavirin combination therapy, many patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐1b remain HCV‐positive. To determine whether addition of pitavastatin and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is beneficial, the "add‐on" therapy option (add‐on group) was compared retrospectively with unmodified peg‐IFN/ribavirin therapy (standard group). Association of host‐ or virus‐related factors with sustained virological response was assessed. In HCV replicon cells, the effects of pitavastatin and/or EPA on HCV replication and expression of innate‐immunity‐ and lipid‐metabolism‐associated genes were investigated. In patients infected with HCV‐1b, sustained virological response rates were significantly higher in the add‐on than standard group. In both groups, sustained virological response rates were significantly higher in patients with genotype TT of IL‐28B (rs8099917) than in those with non‐TT genotype. Among the patients with non‐TT genotype, sustained virological response rates were markedly higher in the add‐on than standard group. By multivariate analysis, genome variation of IL28B but not add‐on therapy remained as a predictive factor of sustained virological response. In replicon cells, pitavastatin and EPA suppressed HCV replication. Activation of innate immunity was obvious in pitavastatin‐treated cells and EPA suppressed the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c and low‐density lipoprotein receptor. Addition of pitavastatin and EPA to peg‐IFN/ribavirin treatment improved sustained virological response in patients infected with HCV‐1b. Genotype variation of IL‐28B is a strong predictive factor in add‐on therapy. J. Med. Virol. 85:250–260, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


A bi-Ievel architecture based on model predictive control is proposed for air traffic management. The aim is to reduce the computational complexity of online optimization in air traffic control, while producing accurate control decisions. We integrate a slow-rate centralized MPC controller including a global, long-term prediction window (top level of control), with several fast-rate decentralized MPC controllers including local, short-term prediction windows (bottom level of control). All aircraft are steered towards their destination in the shortest possible time, while forbidden areas are avoided. The performance of the proposed bi-Ievel control architecture is compared via a case study with (1) a slow-rate centralized MPC controller similar to the top control level, (2) a fast-rate decentralized MPC controller similar to the bottom control level, and (3) a fast- rate centralized MPC controller with a prediction horizon the same as the top control level and decision sampling times the same as the bottom control level: The results show that while the bi-Ievel MPC controller is significantly more efficient - w.r.t. the computation time - than the fast-rate centralized MPC controller, these two controllers are comparable w.r.t. accuracy of the decisions. Moreover, with a comparable computation time, the bi-Ievel MPC controller attains a superior control performance - considering the accuracy of decisions - compared to the slow-rate centralized and fast-rate decentralized MPC controllers individually. This shows that the integration of these two control approaches in the proposed bi-Ievel architecture can significantly boost their performance.


The term "national integration" has many meanings.' For the purposes of this paper, it refers specifically to two things: 1. Structural integration. In most multiethnic societies, ethnic groups tend to differ from one another not only in religion and language but also in educational attainment, occupational characteristics, and economic status. Structural integration occurs when ethnic lines are no longer coincident with the latter social-structural ones, so that any given occupational or economic category has a good mixture of ethnic groups. 2. Political integration. A multiethnic nation is effectively integrated only when its members, of whatever ethnic group, also have a sense of national citizenship and loyalty to the nation that is at least as strong as their sense of ethnic identity. "Political integration" as used in this paper, therefore, refers to the creation of a sense of nationality that transcends parochial loyalties. Thus, while ethnic groups may compete with one another in the political arena, they do so with a common basic understanding of the overarching unity of the nation and acceptance of the authority of the national constitution. Education plays an important, often crucial, role in these aspects of national integration. Educational attainment determines occupational status to a great degree in the new nations of Africa and Asia, where Western-style schooling has been the sole stepping stone to salaried positions in the prestigious government bureaucracy and large Western firms. Often the consequences of education for structural integration have been negative because ethnic groups tend to vary in their degree of exposure to Western education and thus in their opportunities for mobility into modern occupational sectors.2 However, many independent governments have set themselves the task of expanding and equalizing educational opportunities among various groups in their respective countries. What can we learn about the likely outcomes of such attempts from the Malaysian case? The role schools play in political integration is not as straightforward, being complicated by the fact that the family has an equal if not stronger


Disclosed is a portable personal comfort device that is worn by a person with access to a vehicle, and includes a personal comfort apparatus for performing a non on-vehicle comfort function. A passive locking device is integrated in the personal comfort apparatus and adapted for interaction with the vehicle to passively provide access to the vehicle. The passive locking device comprises a receiver for receiving an interrogation signal from an electronic control module in the transport vehicle. It is a transmitter for transmitting a response signal provided to the electronic control module. Furthermore, a control means for controlling the transmission of the response signal to the electronic control module in response to the interrogation signal is provided.


Business globalization causes all project managers, sooner or later, to face the challenge of understanding cultural differences. Identifying the risks associated with these differences has become an essential task today when discussing international projects. This paper shows how to improve the management of projects carried out in China by Spanish organizations, identifying risks related to differences between societies. To determine this set of risks, the cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Meyer were analyzed for the case of China and Spain, as well as the most critical values of the World Value Survey between both cultures. From there, and thanks to work done with a focus group formed of 29 Spanish project managers who are experienced in working in projects developed in China, risks were identified and classified into categories considering cultural dimensions. The results obtained show a record of risks of great interest for organizations working in international contexts, mainly in China. They reveal, in addition, the importance of considering this type of risks related to cultural differences, which have rarely been treated before.


SLP (superword level parallelism) is an efficient solution to exploit the parallelism between statements in the basic blocks of SIMD (single instruction multiple data). It has been implemented in almost all the mainstream vectorizing compilers. However, its vectorization ability is limited due to the conservativeness of the parallelism identification process. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an edg (extended dependence graph) approach to identify SLP. First, we extend the adg (array dependence graph) and sdg (statement dependence graph) to construct the edg, which includes both the dependences between each array pair and those between each statement pair. When a statement is represented as an SCC (strong connected component), all of its array references are also constructed in this SCC. We then eliminate the redundant dependence edges between the SCCs from the edg. The dependence information of each statement pair and its SLP vectorization are thus determined by analyzing the reachability between each node pair from the corresponding SCC. We implement this approach to optimize the Open64-5.0 compiler, which improves the compilers identification ability. The evaluation tests on the gcc-vect benchmarks show that the optimized Open64-5.0 compiler can identify more SLP vectorizable loops than the GCC4.9, and that the number of vectorizable loops is comparable to that of ICC14.0. The performance of our generated codes is better than the state-of-the-art for most practical applications.


A pair of superconducting quadrupole(SCQ) magnets are applied for Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Upgrade(BEPC Ⅱ).The magnet can be destroyed by the excess mechanical stress caused by thermal gradients during the cool-down and warm-up processes.This paper presents the cool-down and warm-up processes in terms of magnet safe operation.A mathematical model and an analytical method are developed and the time of cool-down and warm-up is calculated,which is respectively 120 minutes and 150 minutes. The transient changes of the operation parameters are obtained,including the inlet and outlet temperature and pressure of helium to cooling loop of the magnet,the highest and lowest temperature of the magnet,and the maximum temperature difference along the magnet.The peak maximum temperature difference on magnet is 46.5 K for cool-down process and 47.3 K for warm-up process.The maximum pressure of helium flow is 0.39 MPa and 0.41 MPa.Finally,a method to keep the magnet's safe operation is proposed.The temperature of mixture helium should be carefully regulated to gradually cool down or warm up the magnet until the magnet temperature becomes as uniform as possible.


'Basic Methods of Medical Research' focuses, as the title suggests, on the building blocks of medical research. Conduction of 'good' medical research is dependent on the detailed understanding and appropriate handling of ethical, epidemiological, biostatistical, and common sense skills. While it is acknowledged that medical research, like all branches of medicine, is best learnt through 'doing' rather than 'reading'; the availability of a simple text that highlights the conceptual issues is a welcome need. The expectation from such a text would be to convey the fundamental research ethos into the daily practice of even novice researchers. The book should be easily readable and must judiciously emphasize on the mathematical concepts. It should strive to balance between the concepts and the excessive and sometimes unnecessary use of detailed statistics.

The book title suggests the author's intention to acquaint the readers with the basics and sets the tone for an interesting reading, However, the title understates the contents of the book, which truly speaking, are much wider than just 'basic'. (The author, however, does clarify that the word 'basic' is a personal and subjective opinion of the term.) The book is intended for postgraduate and doctoral students who plan to handle medical data. The book does appear to satisfy this intention and does not seem to need a prior experience with data handling. The book is characterized by a clear highlight of the key concepts at the start of each chapter and an exhaustive up-to-date reference list at the end. Liberal re-capitulation of the salient features has been included as boxes within the write-up.

The chapters flow in a sequence and there is a progressive build-up in the contents. Thresholds of normal: disease, clinical, and statistical are well elaborated. The handling of the concept of predictive values and the subsequent discussion on Bayes' rule is commendable. The author explains these difficult concepts with great simplicity. Effect measures are also discussed in great detail and include a small section on number needed to treat. Robustness and sensitivity analysis are a welcome addition. The author has successfully devoted attention to epidemiologic concepts and their role in research methods through this book. Most concepts have been dealt with judiciously barring a few.

Validity: face, construct, criterion, and content could be elucidated with simpler examples. The section on non-parametric methods could be devoted more attention. The index is the weak point in the book due to the over-inclusion of terms. Many terms, totally unrelated with the title and genre, find inclusion in the index.

Overall, priced at a modest Rs. 299, it combines detail with cool simplicity. A must have for all those interested in pursuing medical research.


Sustainable development is a kind of development which provides the current needs of the world without endangering future generations' abilities. The achievement of sustainable development depends on substantial and proper planning for resources as development executers of every country. The most important organ which is responsible for investment on education and planning for resources, particularly human resources is the Department of Education. Therefore examining the methods of student training in school is an indicator of future perspective of societies, because when human factors have educated under active educational strategies based on deep learning and developing creativity curiosity will change to active agents in the field of development. Which factors cause teachers to select this method as their teaching model? This paper seeks the answer of this question.TIMSS International Institution's studies in 2006-2007 shows that using educational assistance and resources and teaching skills by teachers have effect on student educational achievement. We start this study due to the lack of an extensive research about teachers' use of these material and skills in primary schools, and poor evaluation of factors affecting on these.


In view of the multi-robot formation control problems existing in unknown environment,a multi-robot formation control algorithm based on dual-mobile beacon is proposed.In the new algorithm,two mobile beacon robots are designed as pilot robots and a positioning model is designed based on ultra-wide band ranging technology.Multi-robot formation control is obtained by controlling the pose state of the following robots,and a multi-sensor data fusion algorithm is designed to improve the formation control precision efficiently.This algorithm solves the problem of multi-robot formation control existing in unknown environment and improves the formation control precision.Simulation results show the feasibility and validity of the formation control algorithm.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate perceived stigma and its possible associations with treatment expectations and preferences in newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer.

SAMPLE & SETTING
274 patients with lung cancer diagnosed in the previous four months at oncology and respiratory outpatient clinics in Australia.

METHODS & VARIABLES
Participants completed a self-report survey about perceived lung cancer stigma and treatment expectations and preferences.

RESULTS
A mean perceived stigma score of 52 of a possible 124 was reported, which is lower than scores reported in other studies using the same measure; the current study determined that perceived lung cancer stigma was observed less frequently. Significantly higher scores were observed in participants who were younger or who had a history of smoking. Perceived lung cancer stigma was significantly related to treatment expectations. No relationship was found between perceived lung cancer stigma and treatment preferences.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Healthcare providers are in a key position to provide support and communicate empathetically with patients to minimize potential stigma experiences.


A student interested in studying music librarianship at Indiana University, Bloomington, has a choice of two degree programs, both of which are offered through the Department of Information and Library Science. The first is simply a Master in Library Science (MLS) with a specialization in Music Librarianship. This course of study requires 39 credit hours for completion, which usually can be accomplished within two years. The second is a dual degree track in which a student earns both a MLS and Master of Arts (MA) in Music, usually musicology. This program requires 60 hours and normally takes three years to complete. The specialization program started in 1979 and the dual degree program in 1980, so both have been around for more than 30 years. The department also offers a number of specialization and dual degree programs in other disciplines, such as African American and African Diaspora Studies, Art History, English, History, and Russian and East European Studies. (2) How would a specialization in music librarianship differ from a program of study typically found in a MLS? In many ways, the coursework shares some of the requirements which are found in other specialization programs within the department. Courses concentrating on reference, aspects of library management, and collection development, for instance, are, at the time of writing, still required courses within most of the specialization options within the MLS program. The components of the program which are specific to music for both the music library specialization and the dual degree program consist of specialized course work and two internships. I will provide an overview of each area, then speak in greater detail regarding specific objectives and assignments found within the course and internships. My involvement in these programs has extended over five years and, for the last two, I have coordinated many aspects of both programs, including teaching, supervising internships, and answering inquiries from prospective students. The specialized course work consists of two classes: an introduction to music bibliography and a seminar in music librarianship. The bibliography class introduces students to many of the key tools useful for music research, such as using libraries' online catalogs for finding music, databases such as RILM, IIMP, and Music Index for finding secondary literature, thematic catalogs, RISM and other inventories of music, standard reference works, online resources, RIPM, discographies, and scholarly editions of music. The seminar in music librarianship is team-taught by the librarians and staff in the music library: the class focuses on many of the topics typically covered in an MLS program, such as reference, cataloging, and collection development, but from the standpoint of music. Students are required to take two internships, each requiring 180 hours of work, which is usually distributed over the course of a semester. In each internship, a student concentrates on a particular area of library work (reference, cataloging, collection development, technology) and is supervised by the librarian who specializes in that area. The goal is to gain practical experience in the types of work that librarians do. I should like to give a couple of examples of the types of assignments found in each class, then conclude by saying a word more about the internships which I have supervised over the past few years. In the bibliography class, I devote a significant amount of time to scholarly editions, historical monuments, and sets. Naturally, I give some attention to a description of the Library of Congress classifications M2 (for historical monuments) and M3 (for composers' collected works) and introduce students to the key reference materials which are helpful for finding individual works within these editions: Anna Harriet Heyer's Historical Sets, Collected Editions and Monuments of Music: A Guide to Their Contents, (3) George Hill and Norris Stephens' Collected Editions, Historical Series and Sets and Monuments of Music: A Bibliography, (4) and of course the works lists for composers in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. …