Immunophilins are peptidyl‐prolyl isomerases that play a role in immunosuppression and include 3 families: cyclophilins, FKBPs, and the parvulins. We demonstrated previously that depletion of FKBPs by the immunosuppressive drugs rapamycin and FK506 decreases NO production and endothelial function. Recently, the mammalian parvulin inhibitor juglone was reported to be an immunosuppressant, however juglone can also inhibit the intracellular antioxidant glutathione S‐transferase. In this study we determined the effects of juglone on NO bioavailability and endothelial function. Endothelium‐intact mouse aortas treated acutely with juglone (0.1 uM, 30 mins) exhibited significantly decreased maximal NO‐mediated relaxation (relaxation from phenylephrine: juglone = 44 ± 8% vs. control = 80 ± 5%, p<0.05) and a 60% decrease in NO compared to controls. Juglone also elicited a 65% increase in aortic superoxide levels and significantly decreased glutathione S‐transferase activity (juglone = 23 ± 6 nM/min/mL vs. control = 55 ± 10 nM/min/mL, p<0.05). In juglone‐treated aortas, superoxide dismutase restored aortic relaxation to control levels, however the glutathione precursor N‐acetyl‐cysteine had no effect. In conclusion, juglone causes endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting glutathione S‐transferase leading to increased oxidative stress and decreased NO bioavailability. (Supported by HL084299 to BMM)


The present feeding trial examined the effect of synbiotic use of Bacillus mycoides and organic selenium (OS) as Sel-Plex on marron immunity, growth and survival. The marron were cultured in recirculated tanks and fed test diets consisting of a basal diet; basal diet supplemented with B. mycoides (108 CFU g−1 of feed); basal diet supplemented with OS (Sel-Plex) (0.2 g kg−1 of feed) and basal diet supplemented with synbiotic (B. mycoides at 108 CFU g−1 and OS 0.2 g kg−1 feed) diet, in triplicate. The effect of the prebiotic OS (Sel-Plex) on the growth rate of B. mycoides was also studied in vitro. The results suggested that synbiotic use of B. mycoides and OS significantly improved some immune parameters of marron, particularly the glutathione peroxidase, and to some extent total haemocyte counts. However, the synbiotic feed did not synergistically improve marron growth, in fact the use of B. mycoides-supplemented diet alone demonstrated significantly higher growth in marron compared with the growth of marron fed on other test diets. Supplementation of the basal diet with host origin B. mycoides significantly increased the intestinal bacterial population (3.399 ± 825 CFU g−1 of gut) in marron compared with other diets. Organic selenium as Sel-Plex in Trypticase Soya Broth also confirmed that OS did not increase the amount of growth of B. mycoides and resulted in a lower intestinal bacterial population in the synbiotic diet-fed marron. In conclusion, synbiotic of OS and B. mycoides may improve a particular immune parameters of marron and to a lesser extent their growth.


Australia has given a high priority to education programs emphasizing the relationship of sun exposure and skin cancer and teaching about sun safety and sun protection. Have these efforts been successful?


The bending of the basic shaft inside the natural rubber latex-made balloon catheter caused the stretching deformation of the basic shaft which is resulted from the introduction of nominal capacity of air or sterile water into the balloon using charging funnel was investigated.The experimental results showed that,the control of the basic shaft diameter of the catheter to a rational value,the control of the single-layer thickness of balloon film from 0.50 to 0.65 mm,the using of low-modulus prevulcanization formula,and the using of prevulcanized blend of natural rubber latex concentrate and 20 phr of MG 49 latex as the basic shaft compound or incorporation of 30 phr of calcium carbonate into the compound for the basic shaft to increased to hardness of the shaft are effective methods to reduce the bending of the basic shaft of natural rubber latex-made balloon catheter.


The ulama in Archipelago had great contributions to the Islamic studies and sciences. In addition to the Islamic branches, such as hadith, tafsir, and fiqh, there is an important subject of the 17 th science, i.e. tasawwuf . It consists of emergence of the sufi orders in Archipelago, including Syattariah which is firstly built by Abdurrauf al-Sinkili with his teachers Al-Qusyasi and Al-Kurani at Haramain (Mecca and Medina). Al-Sinkili is a central figure in his efforts of developing the 17 th sufi order in Archipelago. This article attempts to make a chronological map of neo-sufism which became a symbol of integration of the syariah and tasawuf . Furthermore, the development of Sunni orthodoxy is a typical characteristic of social religious landscape friendly with local culture in Archipelago.


Fumarolic gas composition and temperature record deep processes that generate and transfer heat and mass towards the surface.  These processes are a result of the emplacement, degassing and cooling of magma and the overturning of the above hydrothermal system.  A reasonable expectation, and too often an unproved assumption, is that fumarole temperatures and the deep heat sources vary on similar timescales.  Yet signals from deep and shallow processes have vastly different temporal variations.  This indicates that signals arising from deep activity may be masked or modified by intervening hydrothermal processes, such as fluid-groundrock reactions in which secondary minerals play a major role.  Clearly, this complicates the interpretation of the signals such as the joint variation of fumarole vent temperature and geochemical ratios in terms of what is occurring at depth.  So what do the differences between the timescales governing deep and shallow processes tell us about the intervening transport mechanisms?

At the volcanic dome of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, the Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de la Guadeloupe has performed weekly-to-monthly in-situ vent gas sampling over many years.  These analyses reliably track several geochemical species ratios over time, which provide important information about the evolution of deep processes.  Vent temperature is measured as part of the in-situ sampling, giving a long time series of these measurements.  Here, we look to exploit the temporal variations in these data to establish the common processes, and also to determine why these signals differ.  By fitting sinusoids to the gas-ratio time series we find that several of the deep signals are strongly sinusoidal.  For example, the He/CH4 and CO2/CH4 ratios, which involve conservative components and mark the injection of deep and hot magmatic fluids, oscillate on a timescale close to 3 years. We also analyse the frequency content of the temperature measurements since 2011 and find that such long signals are not seen.  This may be due to internal buffering by the hydrothermal system, but other external forcings are also present.  From these data we build up a more informed model of the heat-and-mass supply chain from depth to the surface.  This will potentially allow us to predict future unrest (e.g. thermal crises, seismic swarms), and distinguish between sources of unrest.


The paper describes the requirements specification process involved in the design of a Virtual Reality trainer for Epker maxillo-facial surgery. This surgery is considered as very delicate and difficult to teach. Vision guided movements are very limited and haptic sense is largely used. The user-centered methodology and the first experiments designed to develop the training platform are presented. Finally the Virtual training platform is sketched out.


Objective: the present meta-analysis was designed to determine the value of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule in prediction of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI).Methods: Extensive search was conducted in the databases of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cinahl up to the end of August 2017. The search records were screened and summarized by two independent reviewers, and eventually the findings were presented as summary of receiver operating characteristics (SROC), sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results:Data from 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) of SROC for PECARN model in prediction of ciTBI in children younger than 2 years old was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82-0.88). Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of this model were also calculated to be 0.98 (95% CI: 0.92-1.0), 0.56 (95% CI: 0.48-0.64) and 82.53 (95% CI: 16.23-419.63), respectively. AUC of SROC for this model in prediction of ciTBI in children aged 2-18 years old was also found to be 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98) with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.53-0.67) and 80.73 (95% CI: 30.59-213.05). Conclusion:The findings of this study are indicative of a high screening value for PECARN model in prediction of ciTBI and classification of patients. So it is recommended that the decision rule be used in routine practice for children referring with mild traumatic brain injuries.


A design methodology and CAD infrastructure has been developed to support integrated fabrication processes that combine silicon-gate MOS with double-poly surface micromachining. To facilitate the re-use of existing circuit designs, circuit layout rules closely resemble those defined by the MOS Implementation System (MOSIS). Sensor/actuators are laid out on an independent set of abstract layers which can be automatically adapted to meet the photomask requirements of different processes. A closed-loop, micromotor control system and an integrated (MEMS/NMOS) micromechanical shear stress sensor have served as the first test cases for the design system. The former application exercised the schematic design capability, which features mixed-signal behavioral modeling. The latter device has driven the development of the physical design capability, and the first lot of wafers yielded functional devices. The methodology can be readily extended to support a MEMS/CMOS process that is under development.


A high-pressure water jet assisting pilesinking technology concept was proposed to overcome the difficulty in restarting the pile-sinking after intermittent piling. An experiment device for simulating the offshore water jet assisting pile-sinking was designed and used to test the different stress in soil plug under the jets produced by six kinds of nozzles. Numerical simulation was used to get the stress distribution of the soil body and the maximum and minimum stresses in soil plug under the action of jets produced by six kinds of nozzles,which verified the experiment result of the model.High pressure water jet assisting pile-sinking to improve the efficiency is completely feasible during the construction of offshore platform pile. Am ong the six nozzles, the jet distance of iso-variable nozzle w as longest, w ith highest pressure at the center of soil plug surface. The study results provide the im portant evidence for trial-producing the principle prototype of jet assisting pile sinking of offshore pile foundation platform.


If educators were to be skilled game designers, then they would be better equipped to design engaging education scenarios. This research engages in studying commercial design of engagement in games, so educators may be able to better facilitate engaging educational design, facilitated through quantified engagement metrics (SCEQ) and game design principles (GameFlow).


This paper proposed and demonstrated a novel distributed optical fiber vibration sensor with high sensitivity and high accuracy based on time delay estimation. The light source is divided into two wavelength bands by a wavelength division multiplexer to form two Sagnac interferometers. The dual Sagnac interferometer can detect the interference signals of different bands modulated by the same disturbance, and then obtain the corresponding phase difference by demodulating the interference signals. Based on the time delay estimation algorithm, the phase difference is used to construct two composite signals with time delay, and then the time delay is extracted by cross-correlation to determine the location of vibration. A positioning software is developed based on LabVIEW. Through the vibration simulation experiment driven by piezoelectric transducer (PZT), it is proved that the sensor can realize the disturbance positioning above 400 Hz. The experimental results show that the sensing distance of the sensor can reach 100 km, and the positioning error is within ± 30 m. It can be widely used in long-distance perimeter security


Abstract Glycogen supercompensation (i.e., carbohydrate loading) has been shown to delay muscular fatigue and enhance performance during protracted exercise (Bergstrom, Hermansen, Hultman & Saltin, 1967; Astrand, 1969). Several forms of this nutritional "ergogenic" procedure are widely practiced among endurance athletes. While carbohydrate loading is generally considered to be a safe and effective ergogenic procedure, there are reports of adverse side effects with its use. Weight gain due to increased intramuscular water storage (Bergstrom & Hultman, 1972), muscle damage (Bank, 1977), and electrocardiographic abnormalities (Mirkin, 1973) have been implicated as negative effects of glycogen supercompensation programs. Of these, electrocardiographic changes associated with carbohydrate loading are potentially the most critical especially if such changes occur in the presence of underlying atherosclerotic heart disease. However, the hypothesized causal relationship between glycogen supercompensation and ECG ...


The problem of designing H∞robust fault detection filter is studied for a class of nonlinear systems with model uncertainties and time-varying delay.By applying an observer-based fault detection filter(FDF) as a residual generator,the problem of robust fault detection is formulated in the framework of H∞ filtering.Then the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach is used to analyze the performance of the residual system and a sufficient condition for the existence of a H∞ robust FDF is derived.A solution to the H∞ robust FDF is obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities.Finally,a numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The present dissertation presents new developments in the signal processing of receiver structures for high-rate underwater acoustic communications, and describes the field measurements that test t ...


profession to be both in a state of absolute advance from the progress of its science?this it may be said 18 a mere commonplace?and of relative advance from the particular features attaching to our civilisation in its onward movement." It is peculiarly fitting that young men?and shall we not add, young women?who are just about to commence their first year of professional study, with a view to ultimate graduation in medicine, should have their minds directed to the comparative and public aspects of the medical profession so prominently brought into relief by Mr. Gladstone's judicial fcstimate. The idea that doctors should be in a wide political and social sense leaders of the people is decidedly novel. But is the prophesy likely to be fulfilled ? Is it indeed already in course of fulfilment ? Is it the case that doctors know many things which other educated people do not know; and are those things which the doctors know the germinal factors ^hich will influence and to a large extent make *he social and intellectual life of the future ? Cultured doctors undoubtedly not only know more of certain departments of science and thought than other classes of educated men, but they know so very much more that they may be said to live to a large extent in another world, apart by themselves. There is a whole hemisphere of science and literature of which the educated world which is out side medicine has hardly yet learned so much as the


This paper formulates an investment value transversality condition in a continuous-time growth model, which characterizes competitive paths along which current net national product measures the welfare achieved along the path. This transversality condition requires that the present value of net investment goes to zero asymptotically. An example provided shows that, in general, competitive paths do not necessarily satisfy this condition. It is also shown that, in a standard growth model including an exhaustible resource as an essential factor of production, competitive paths always satisfy this condition. Implications regarding national income accounting procedures and sustainable development policies are discussed.

JEL Classification Numbers: D90; O11; O41; Q32.


Objective: To investigate trichostatin A(TSA)-induced expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in acute myelocytic leukemia(AML) cells.Methods: The expression of CD80 and CD86 was detected,and cell viability was examined by flow cytometry in HL-60 cells and in mononuclear cells of bone marrow in AML patients after TSA treatment.The expression of CD86 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR.After TSA-treated HL-60 cells were irradiated(75Gy),their effect on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMNCs) of was determined with CCK-8.Results: After treatment with TSA,CD86 was up-regulated in HL-60 cells and in mononuclear cells of bone marrow from AML patients.TSA induced the expression of CD86 in HL-60 cells,and these HL-60 cells improved the proliferation of PBMNCs from healthy volunteers.Conclusion: TSA induces the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 expression in HL-60 cells and in mononuclear cells of bone marrow in AML patients,and improves the proliferation of PBMNCs.


Abstract This Statement is an edited extract of the transcript of a filmed interview, installed in the exhibition, Carrie Moyer and Sheila Pepe: Tabernacles for Trying Times organized by the Portland Museum of Art (2021–2022). In the discussion Moyer and Pepe talk about their collaboration in the exhibition, as well as the exploration of gender identity in their work and the notion of queering abstraction.


The emergence of NoSQL databases has greatly expanded database systems in both storage capacity and performance. To make use of these capabilities many systems have integrated these new data models into existing applications, making use of multiple databases at the same time, forming a concept called "Polyglot Persistence". However, the lack of a methodology capable of unifying the design of these integrated data models makes design a difficult task. To overcome this lack, this paper proposes a modeling methodology capable of unifying design patterns for these integrated databases, bringing an overview of the system, as well as a detailed view of each database design.


SYNOPSIS Eucalyptus camaldulensis was planted in the same field with Zea mays, Phaseolus vulgaris, Arachis hypogaea and Manihot esculenta, at Makoka in Zomba. Plot size was held constant at 0,02 ha, while tree espacement varied between 1,8 × 1,8; 1,8 × 3,6; 2,7 × 2,7 and 2,7 × 5,4. Trees in the same plots with A. hypogaea and M. esculenta had better volume production than those in the same plot with P. vulgaris and Z. mays. The presence of these agricultural crops did not significantly affect tree diameter and tree height. Varying tree espacement, however, had a significant effect on tree diameter and volume production. In terms of agricultural crop yields, plots with wider tree espacement gave greater crop yields than narrower tree espacement.


Through analyzing the previously proposed protocols,this paper designs a new buyer-seller system based on digital watermarking using Matlab.The system can follow the trail of pirate,and protects the rights of the sellers and buyers at one time.


Culture enables sustainable development, it is a driver and enabler of sustainable development. In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges are increasing, the role of language as a carrier of culture is more and more evident. Many countries even include it in the national strategy, and it became an important government action. Confucius Institute is an important platform for Sino-foreign cultural exchanges and mutual learning. And the same of the other cultural institutes which have been mentioned in this paper. They are all playing a role of the international community civilization messenger, they are bridges to connect the native countries and abroad, they are Culture Ambassadors who help the comprehension and cooperation among people and countries. Cultural institutes are one of the most relevant examples in the attempt to promote and connect cultures, which have been set up on a similar, though not identical pattern, in view of creating a stronger sense of self-identity and contributing to an integration of diversity by mutually accepted knowledge and dialogue.
Through the literature research method and the comparative method, this article illustrates the important role played by cultural institutions in the world. Also by the comparative study of the main cultural institutions in the world in terms of vision, mission, aims, the examination assessment systems, financial resources, management and so on, the article provides a clearer reference for the running of cultural institutions.


Accurate parameter identification is essential for monitoring and control of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper proposes an estimation method to identify the complete set of parameters for two-transmitter LCC-C compensated WPT systems. The method is only based on input voltages and currents at the transmitting coils, without communications from the receiving coil. First, the mathematical model of the two-transmitter LCC-C WPT system is built. Afterwards, the Levenberg-Marquardt method is applied to solve the problem and to identify the parameters of the system. The proposed method can estimate the complete set of the parameters of the system, including the mutual inductance, load resistance, and other parameters within the transmitter and receiver circuits, with relatively low computational burden. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A project using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the ATLAS facility to measure neutron capture rates on a wide range of actinides in a reactor environment is underway. This project will require the measurement of many samples with high precision and accuracy. The AMS technique at ATLAS is based on production of highly-charged positive ions in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) followed by linear acceleration. We have chosen to use laser ablation as the best means of feeding the actinide material into the ion source because we believe this technique will have more efficiency and lower chamber contamination thus reducing "cross talk" between samples. In addition construction of a new multi-sample holder/changer to allow quick change between multiple samples is part of the project. The status of the project, design, and goals for initial offline ablation tests will be discussed as well as the overall project schedule.


In order to obtain the airflow pressure drop of radiator and study the internal drag of car,the automotive fin-tube radiator model was established.The airflow pressure drop of the fin-tube radiator was numerically simulated under the different air mass velocities,its composition analyzed and the curve of airflow pressure drop characteristics obtained.One correct formula for the airflow pressure drop of a similar model radiator was obtained.The result shows that the average relative deviation of numerical simulation for the test result is 4.98% and the accuracy satisfies the engineering.Analysis of the results gives a basis to forecast internal drag of underhood and car designing.


The authors analyze the performance of multiresolution elastography, where the strain estimate with the highest elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR/sub e/) obtained by processing the pre- and post-compression waveforms at different window lengths. All the objective elastographic parameters, namely: SNR/sub e/, sensitivity dynamic range and the average resolution (defined as the cross-correlation window length) are improved with multiresolution elastography when compared to the traditional method of utilizing a single window length to generate the elastogram. Multiresolution elastography is based on the presence of an optimal window length for each strain value where the strain variance is minimized. Long-duration windows are preferred for small strains, while large strains require a small window length. The sensitivity, dynamic range and SNR, improve with an increase in the window length. However, with an increase in the window length the elastogram is degraded due to poor resolution. Experimental results using a phantom with a hard inclusion illustrate the improvement in the elastogram obtained using multiresolution analysis.


Control of locomotion is clearly an important role for vision, but one that we know little about. Considerable attention has been devoted to the potential role of retinal motion patterns, generated by self-motion, in steering towards a goal. These motion patterns are determined by an interconnected set of factors, including gaze location, gaze stabilization, the structure of the environment, and the walker's behavioral goals. We have collected measurements of the eyes, the body, and the 3D environment during locomotion in natural terrains. This has allowed us to explore the resulting retinal motion patterns, and how they might be used to guide behavior. Large variations in head direction during the gait cycle make it problematic for use in steering towards a goal, but gaze stabilization leads to regularities in the retinal motion patterns that could provide a postural control signal during locomotion. Another aspect of the visual control of locomotion is the choice of foot placement in rugged terrain. We examined the role of local height changes in the terrain, and showed that visual selection of footholds reflects a complex interplay between energetic costs and the need for stable foot placement. Thus visual signals about motion and depth act as time-varying local control signals for the momentary disposition of the body rather than steering toward more distant goals.


A quantum-field theoretical interpretation is given to the holographic RG equation by relating it to a field-theoretical local RG equation which determines how Weyl invariance is broken in a quantized field theory. Using this approach we determine the relation between the holographic C theorem and the C theorem in two-dimensional quantum field theory which relies on the Zamolodchikov metric. Similarly we discuss how in four dimensions the holographic C function is related to a conjectured field-theoretical C function. The scheme dependence of the holographic RG due to the possible presence of finite local counterterms is discussed in detail, as well as its implications for the holographic C function. We also discuss issues special to the situation when mass deformations are present. Furthermore we suggest that the holographic RG equation may also be obtained from a bulk diffeomorphism which reduces to a Weyl transformation on the boundary.


The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer social support and subjective well-being in terms of the gender of SMK students in Tanjung Morawa. In this study using an explanatory quantitative approach. A sample of 192 based on random sampling technique. Using two psychological scales, namely the scale of subjective well-being and peer social support. In processing the data used normality test, linearity test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between peer social support and students' subjective well-being. The higher the peer social support, the higher the subjective well-being, and vice versa. There is no significant difference in subjective well-being between male and female students. This states that both male and female students have the same level of subjective well-being. It is hoped that the school can improve the subjective well-being of students by increasing the social support of students' peers, through entering the community they want, providing space to talk to friends, holding school vent events and other activities. Students are expected to be able to improve subjective well-being by: getting involved in school sharing events, communicating feelings and emotions in various situations such as feeling pleasant, having positive expectations in the learning process, entering the community they want. It is hoped that the school can improve the subjective well-being of students by increasing the social support of students' peers, through entering the community they want, providing space to talk to friends, holding school vent events and other activities. Students are expected to be able to improve subjective well-being by: getting involved in school sharing events, communicating feelings and emotions in various situations such as feeling pleasant, having positive expectations in the learning process, entering the community they want. It is hoped that the school can improve the subjective well-being of students by increasing the social support of students' peers, through entering the community they want, providing space to talk to friends, holding school vent events and other activities. Students are expected to be able to improve subjective well-being by: getting involved in school sharing events, communicating feelings and emotions in various situations such as feeling pleasant, having positive expectations in the learning process, entering the community they want.


The northern European loess belt (NELB) was created in cold climate conditions on the foreground of Pleistocene continental glaciations. Loess-paleosol sequences (LPS) in this region were strongly influenced by periglacial processes and environments. Three types of periglacial structures are especially useful to reconstruct the former periglacial environment: cryogenic wedges with primary mineral infilling, cryoturbation and gelifluction structures, and ice-wedge pseudomorphs. These structures often form well-distinguishable marker horizons within LPS. We assume that at least some of these horizons were formed as a result of sudden, short-term cooling followed by equally sudden warming of the climate, when ice wedges and permafrost were decay. Periglacial records in the LPS confirm the general instability of the last glacial climate. The main periglacial stages correlate well with cold events of the marine record. However, their correlation with Greenland ice cores requires further research using modern methods and techniques.


Background: Our Randomized Controlled Trial of Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With KRAS Wild-Type Unresectable Colorectal Liver-Limited Metastases demonstrated cetuximab contained chemotherapy can efficiently converts the unresectable colorectal cancers live-limited metastasis(CLM) to resectable ones than chemotherapy alone. But until now the reported objective response rate(ORR) with Cetuximab contained chemotherapy to wild-type KRAS tumors ranged from 17% to 60% with metastasic colorectal cancers(mCRC). It is possible that other genetic mutations, constitutively activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, are present in the non-responding wild-type KRAS patients. Methods: We retrospectivelyanalyzed ORR, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with respect to the mutational status of BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN in 70 wild-type KRAS CLM patientstreated with Cetuximab contained regimens as first-line therapy.DNAwas extracted from primary lesions and the mutation of BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN were detected by Pyrosequencing. Results In the 70 wild-type KRAS patients, with univariate analysis, BRAF (n=5), PIK3CA (n=7) and PTEN (n=3) mutations were associated with ORR (p=0.001, P=0.020, P=0.018 respectively) and shorter OS (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.005 respectively), BRAF and PIK3CA mutations with worse PFS (p<0.001, p=0.033 respectively). With multivariate analysis,


The application of universal ideas to specific settings is a crucial aspect of transitional justice. Yet, that application awakens tensions between universal and local conceptions of justice. This article considers the judicial reform programme carried out in Guatemala after its internal conflict. I use Hans-Georg Gadamer's concepts of technē and phronēsis to assess the programme and to suggest an alternative. I argue that the reforms were underpinned by technē, which involves choosing the appropriate means to attain an end. This technical approach entailed a reliance on indicators and expertise that resulted in a self-defeating project, where the process (re)produced the phenomena it strove to eliminate: impunity and violence. As an alternative, I suggest a model that relies on phronēsis, which would establish a dialogical relationship between universal values and particular circumstances. It would be undertaken in three layers: one involving the universal and the local, another embracing the means and the end, and the last engaging legal institutions with an ideal justice.


In this paper, we propose a cooperative contract approach to study the optimal energy-communication resource sharing for mobile cloud computing between energy-poor mobile devices and data-poor mobile devices. Specifically, an energy-poor mobile device with an energy harvesting module harvests energy from a data-poor mobile device through power splitting policy. In reciprocity, the energy-poor device will help relay the data-poor mobile device's computation task with part of the harvested energy. Firstly, we formulate an optimization model for designing of the optimal cooperative contract, and find that it is a multivariable non-convex optimization problem. Then, we transform it into a solvable convex optimization problem and derive the close-form expressions of the optimal harvest-energy allocation factor, the optimal power splitting factor, and the optimal transmission power through theoretical analysis. Finally, numerical results prove the unification between theoretical analysis and simulation results. Meanwhile, it is shown that our scheme reduces both of the energy consumption and data usage for resource-constrained mobile devices in utilizing mobile cloud computing.


GPS code measurements have been used to perform accurate and precise remote clock comparison, also called Time Transfer, and time synchronization. Initially, a technique based on Common View (CV) was used using a single-frequency for Time Transfer. Now, GPS Time Transfer uses dual-frequency measurements from geodetic receivers processed in All-in-View (AV). With the completion of the GLONASS constellation, GLONASS measurements could have been used in the dual-frequency AV mode. R2CGGTTS software is commonly used in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Time Transfer to provide the standard time transfer format, CGGTTS (Common GPS GLONASS Time Transfer), using observation files and navigation files written in RINEX format. Hence, the combination of GPS and GLONASS provides a clock solution based on AV mode using one time transfer solution. To provide the clock solution combined GPS and GLONASS measurements, the ISB (Inter System Bias) should be removed. One IGS analysis center, ESOC, provides satellite clocks for GPS as well as GLONASS satellites with the same reference for both constellations. Thanks to the ESOC clock products, to compute an AV solution combining the CGGTTS for both constellations is now possible. In this paper, we present the results of the first step of the combination of GPS and GLONASS clock measurements, which is the clock correction of GLONASS code measurements using ESOC clock products.


Muslim scholars have undertaken various methods to interpret the Quran in order to ease Muslims and man in general to understand and study its contents. However, the scholars have only discussed undetailed artistic perspective from the Quran. They do not rely on the application of functional elements of art on the verses that contain depictions, but instead present a formal analysis of the verses. Knowledge in the arts field is a requirement in the comprehension and application of the art elements against the Quranic verses in order for an in depth understanding from the arts perspective. Due to a small and limited number of work from scholars of Islamic stream or linguistic studies, Islamic references from the arts perspective in understanding the Quran is very inadequate. In response, this qualitative research attempts to fill in the gap by undertaking an artistic study on the aesthetic side of the verses containing artistic images in SUrah Al-Baqarah from the most prominent interpretation books and then comparing them to the opinions of Muslim scholars and well-known Muslim artists. Then, in order to explore the Quran artistically, three main pillars of art were applied against these verses to make it much comprehensible. Muslim artists have had a limited scope in approaching the Quran while the Quran speaks of many unseen things and these verses used imagery approaches to describe the unseen abstract objects that can only be felt and imagined.


Abstract This article discusses how stylization sheds light on the role of authenticity as an increasingly relevant concept in sociolinguistics. Building on research on style, crossing, and mock language use, the article demonstrates how multilingual stylization provides speakers with a wider range of resources for navigating and negotiating borders and identities. Stylization is increasingly important since modernist linkages between language and the categories of nation and ethnicity still exert authority over how authenticity is ascribed. At the same time, transcultural flows offer speakers more opportunity to cross and challenge borders linguistically. When speakers begin to stylize one another's languages, however, the thorny issue of interpretation arises since stylized speech can be understood as mocking the speakers of the language being stylized. While studies of dialect stylization have explored these issues for over a decade, research on multilingual stylization is less developed. Accordingly, this special issue examines the role that authenticity plays in the production and interpretation of stylization. A continuum of stylization is presented that places mocking on one end (to refer to stylization that leads to insult) and style on the other (to represent acts of identity), while keeping open the possibility that all acts of stylization can ultimately be understood as acts of identity, given the right framings and stances expressed by the speakers.


Through duct friction loss test for prestressed tendons of three-span post-tensioned concrete box girders of 48 + 80 + 48m Huadu Bridge of Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway,the test method has been introduced,tendon friction coefficient μ between tendon and duct and deviation factor k have been obtained by means of least square method. Basis and references for both prestressing construction and tendons friction loss calculation have been provided.


[Objective] In minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), leg ischemia is one of the known complications due to the femoral arterial cannulation. We routinely monitor distal leg perfusion based on the regional oxygen saturation(rSO 2 ) using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the prevention of lower limb ischemia. In this study, we examined the impact of the tip design of the femoral arterial cannula on distal leg perfusion. [Methods] From April 2014 to September 2017, we performed 106 cases of right thoracotomy MICS with femoral arterial cannulation. We used a cannula with multiple side holes and no wire-reinforced tip in 52 patients (group C), and a cannula with few side holes and wire-reinforcement in 54 patients (group N). We adjusted for confounding variables using propensity score matching. [Results] The rate of drops in rSO 2 value greater than 25% was significantly lower in group N than in group C (15.6% vs 60.0%;p=0.003). No significant difference was observed in other factors. [Conclusion] In addition to conventional prevention methods, using a wire-reinforced femoral arterial cannula may re-duce the risk of lower limb ischemia in MICS.


The present invention relates to a continuous wall construction method of waterproofing and verify authentication device. In which the male and female sides of the welding tongues of waterproof fabric, on both sides of the bottom of the well tongues disposed verification film, and the bottom end of the reinforcement cage by a flexible tarpaulin cable is coupled together and placed in grooves canal, when the male and female binding tongues, the engaging portion along the two tongues taking out the sheet steel cage by verification side, if not successfully verified upward slip sheet, showing where there danger of seepage, waterproofing measures need to feed, steel cage after filling out a further verification inner sheet, if not successfully upward slip, improper filling indicates, if taken out smoothly, it indicates where the male and female dovetail mounting plate properly.


This study explores the confluence of victimization and incarceration to contribute to the understanding of battered women's experience of the criminal justice system. Building on previous qualitative research investigating pathways to incarceration for battered women, this study utilizes qualitative data from 10 focus-group interviews to investigate and compare battered women's experiences with victimization, help-seeking, and perceptions of incarceration across four different site types: jails, prisons, shelters, and post-release support groups. The study makes comparisons across these sites and identifies site-specific service needs and perceived barriers to meeting these needs. These data also reveal three ways battered women perceive incarceration to operate with respect to their service needs: as a symbolic barrier, as a potential opportunity, and as a structural barrier. The association of these divergent perspectives on incarceration with specific locations in the criminal justice system and the implications for targeted interventions based on these findings are discussed.


Tasmania is investigating the possibility of reducing its dependence on oil imports by developing power plants on the Gordon, King, and Franklin Rivers. Feasibility studies must plan for the inaccessibility caused by a harsh climate and rugged terrain where helicopter supply systems are required. A broad range of professional expertise is involved in the studies. Tasmania already has 22 hydroelectric stations, enough to meet present and expanding needs until the late 1980s. Two alternative plans have been devised for integrating the three rivers into the existing grid. Further construction on the Piemen River is also underway.


Introduction: Carcinoma of unknown primary can often be a challenge for clinicians and pathologists, and immunohistochemical stains (IHC) are often used as a useful diagnostic aid to narrow down the primary site of origin. In this context, co-expression of CK7, GATA3 and ER is highly suggestive of metastatic carcinoma from breast primary. This case highlights a major diagnostic pitfall in the interpretation of these stains. Case Report: A woman in her fifth decade presented with a possible thoracic vertebral lesion. The core biopsy showed cortical bone and a detached tissue with polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and atypical,hyperchromatic nuclei with mild pleomorphism. These cells were strongly positive for CK7, GATA3, patchy positive for ER, and negative for CDX2, CK20, TTF1, thyroglobulin, mammaglobin, Melanin A, and PAX8 IHC stains. The interpretation based on these findings was metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. The patient received tamoxifen for stage 4 ER-positive breast cancer, in spite of no clinical or radiologic findings of a breast lesion. A 16 months after Diane-Ngan Trang1, Hongbo Wang2, Marlo Nicolas3, Alia Nazarullah1 Affiliations: 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC#7750, San Antonio, Texas, USA; 2Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st Street, MS-01-266, Temple, Texas, USA; 3Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Corresponding Author: Alia Nazarullah, M.D., Assistant Professor/Clinical,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC#7750, San Antonio, Texas, USA 78229; Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 22 June 2018 Accepted: 01 August 2018 Published: 10 August 2018 the initial diagnosis, the patient was referred to our institution. We noted prominent blood vessels and a few compressed glands positive for PAX8 resembling inactive endometrial glands within the detached fragment containing the atypical cells. The fact that intermediate and cytotrophoblasts express GATA3, cytokeratins and ER, along with the presence of inactive endometrial-type glands led us to conclude that the detached tissue likely represents a contaminant from an endometrial implantation site. Conclusion: This case reminds us that the immunohistochemical profile of trophoblasts is very similar to breast, and can cause major diagnostic pitfalls leading to erroneous diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer with severe consequences. IHC stains are not always specific, and should always be interpreted in the context of morphology.


The emergence of Electronic Commerce (ecommerce) has brought tremendous yet significant changes to businesses particularly due to globalization pressure. More
brick and mortar companies believe in the significant value of Internet-based transactions and realize the importance of doing businesses over the Internet. Companies realize the advantages of using the Internet for making online transactions especially for cost reduction and also improved customers' satisfaction. Electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) features are among the main factors that contribute to the success of any ecommerce Web sites.E-CRM programmes and implementations should focus on effectiveness of managing customer relations on the Internet through effective use of Internet features either to deliver updated and accurate information, allowing customer services support and providing personalized and value-added services. Thus, the aims of this research are to identify E-CRM features available on telecommunication Websites and customers' perceived importance of these
features. The primary data for this research was collected through a questionnaire survey. The findings from this research showed that from the nine determinants identified, ease of use was ranked the most important feature in E-CRM. We discuss the limitations of this study and future directions of research.


The H mode transition and maintenance currents in a 13.56 MHz laboratory 6 turn planar coil inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor are simulated for low pressure argon discharge range of 0.02-0.3 mbar with neutral gas heating and at ambient temperature. An experimentally fitted 3D power evolution plot for 0.02 mbar argon pressure is also shown to visualize the effects of hysteresis in the system. Comparisons between simulation and experimental measurements show good agreement in the pressure range of 0.02-0.3 mbar for transition currents and 0.02-0.1 mbar for maintenance currents only when neutral gas heating is considered. This suggests that neutral gas heating plays a non-negligible role in determining the mode transition points of a rf ICP system.


PREFACE. 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 1.1. Why Fluorinated Compounds are Interesting. 1.2. Introduction to Fluorine NMR. References. 2 AN OVERVIEW OF FLUORINE NMR. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Fluorine Chemical Shifts. 2.3. Spin-Spin Coupling Constants to Fluorine. 2.4. 1 H Spectra of Fluoroorganic Compounds. 2.5. 13 C NMR Spectra of Fluoroorganic Compounds. 2.6. Isotope Effects on Chemical Shifts. 2.7. Advanced Topics. References. 3 THE SINGLE FLUORINE SUBSTITUENT. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons. 3.3. Influence of Substituents/Functional Groups. 3.4. Carbonyl Functional Groups. 3.5. Nitriles. 3.6. Alkenes with a Single Fluorine Substituent. 3.7. Acetylenic Fluorine. 3.8. Allylic, Propargylic, and Benzylic Fluorides. 3.9. Fluoroaromatics. 3.10. Fluoroheterocycles. 3.11. Other Common Groups with a Single Fluorine Substituent. References. 4 THE CF 2 GROUP. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons Containing a CF 2 Group. 4.3. Influence of Substituents/Functional Groups. 4.4. Carbonyl Functional Groups. 4.5. Nitriles. 4.6. Bifunctional CF 2 Compounds. 4.7. Alkenes and Alkynes. 4.8. Benzenoid Aromatics Bearing a CF 2 Group. 4.9. Heteroaromatic CF 2 Groups. References. 5 THE TRIFLUOROMETHYL GROUP. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Saturated Hydrocarbons Bearing a CF 3 Group. 5.3. Influence of Substituents and Functional Groups. 5.4. Carbonyl Compounds. 5.5. Nitriles. 5.6. Bifunctional Compounds. 5.7. Sulfonic Acid Derivatives. 5.8. Allylic and Propargylic Trifluoromethyl Groups. 5.9. Aryl-Bound Trifluoromethyl Groups. 5.10. Heteroaryl-Bound Trifluoromethyl Groups. References. 6 MORE HIGHLY FLUORINATED GROUPS. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. The 1,1,2- and 1,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Groups. 6.3. The 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl and 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl Groups. 6.4. The 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl Group. 6.5. The Pentafluoroethyl Group. 6.6. The 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropyl Group. 6.7. The 1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropyl Group. 6.8. The Hexafluoro- iso -Propyl Group. 6.9. The Heptafluoro- n -Propyl Group. 6.10. The Heptafluoro- iso -Propyl Group. 6.11. The Nonafluoro- n -Butyl Group. 6.12. Fluorous Groups. 6.13. 1-Hydro-Perfluoroalkanes. 6.14. Perfluoroalkanes. 6.15. Perfluoro- n -Alkyl Halides. 6.16. Perfluoroalkyl Amines, Ethers, and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. 6.17. Polyfluoroalkenes. 6.18. Polyfluorinated Aromatics. 6.19. Polyfluoroheterocyclics. References. 7 COMPOUNDS AND SUBSTITUENTS WITH FLUORIDE DIRECTLY BOUND TO A HETEROATOM. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Boron Fluorides. 7.3. Fluorosilanes. 7.4. Nitrogen Fluorides. 7.5. Phosphorous Fluorides. 7.6. Oxygen Fluorides (Hypofluorites). 7.7. Sulfur Fluorides. 7.8. The Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF 5 ) Group. 7.9. Bromine Trifluoride and Iodine Pentafluoride. 7.10. Aryl Halogen Difluorides and Tetrafluorides. 7.11. Xenon Difluoride. References. GENERAL INDEX. COMPOUND INDEX.


Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bulk cell populations is a useful and ubiquitous tool for the molecular characterization of clinical tumor samples. Bulk NGS reveals transcript abundance within a tumor sample and can further infer cell populations via deconvolution algorithms (PMID:31570899). However, it can't ascribe the cellular context for a given gene's expression or elucidate the spatial organization of tumor microenvironments. These additional features are critical to our understanding of tumor biology and are key to the development of immuno-oncology therapeutics. Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) is an emerging technology that characterizes gene expression within the spatial context of tissue. ST data can be generated directly from archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples, enabling the study of spatial gene expression in real-world clinical settings.
 We have studied a dataset comprising 6 samples from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 1 core needle biopsy from a tumor of unknown origin. We used the 10X Visium CytAssist platform to generate ST data and additionally generated paired bulk RNAseq data. To test the interassay reliability of CytAssist on archival FFPE tissue sections, we compared ST results across 3 sample preparation conditions. We further studied the state of the tumor microenvironment by applying state-of-the-art computational approaches to deconvolve immune cell populations and produce super-resolution ST maps, validated using multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) via CODEX (PMID:30078711).
 We find key quality control metrics and spatial biomarkers are consistent across all 3 sample preparation conditions. When comparing deconvolution results between bulk and spatially-resolved methods we observe modest correlations for many cell types despite differences in sample preparation, supporting the idea that bulk and spatial samples contain complementary transcriptomic information. However, within samples, we find many of the correlations observed in bulk do not show strong spatial correlation. These comparisons indicate the importance of considering spatial context when studying the tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we find an agreement between super-resolution ST and multiplex IF across key spatial biomarkers.
 These results demonstrate clinical archival FFPE samples yield high interassay reliability via the CytAssist platform. Results were consistent through 3 different H&E staining protocols and findings were consistent when superresolution deconvolution was utilized which further strongly correlated with high-resolution multiplex IF. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and translational utility of ST to discover spatial signatures and the cellular context in retrospective clinical cohorts to empower discovery and translational efforts in precision oncology and therapeutic development.
 Citation Format: Mario G. Rosasco, Chi-Sing Ho, Tianyou Luo, Michelle M. Stein, Luca Lonini, Martin C. Stumpe, Jagadish Venkataraman, Sonal Khare, Ameen A. Salahudeen. Comparison of interassay similarity and cellular deconvolution in spatial transcriptomics data using Visum CytAssist. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4692.


Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) approach user preference acquisition from a conversational point of view, where preferences are captured and put to use in the course of on-going natural l ...


Extended Abstract Even though the benefits of the perceived forgiveness climate have been acknowledged in organizations, most services businesses, especially in relation to the tourism industry, have neglected this important category. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the perceived forgiveness climate on learning behavior, job satisfaction, and intention to quit, as well as the mediating role of learning behavior in the relationship between independent and dependent variables. This is an applied research in terms of objective, and a survey research in terms of method, because a questionnaire was used to determine the quantity and type of relationships between variables to find an answer for a scientific question in the real world. According to the statistics and existing data (at the time of the study), the study population consisted of 580 receptionists of Mashhad apartment hotels and hostels. The results indicated that the perceived forgiveness climate has a positive impact on job satisfaction and learning behavior of employees. However, contrary to the research hypothesis, the relationship between the perceived forgiveness climate and intention to quit was not confirmed. Moreover, the mediating role of learning behavior in the relationships between the perceived forgiveness climate, job satisfaction, and intention to quit was confirmed.


There has been a steady growth in interest in niching approaches within the evolutionary computation community, as an increasing number of real world problems are discovered that exhibit multi-modality of varying degrees of intensity (modes). It is often useful to locate and memorise the modes encountered - this is because the optimal decision parameter combinations discovered may not be feasible when moving from a mathematical model emulating the real problem to engineering an actual solution, or the model may be in error in some regions. As such a range of disparate modal solutions is of practical use. This paper investigates the use of a collection of localised surrogate models for niche/mode discovery, and analyses the performance of a novel evolutionary algorithm (EA) which embeds these surrogates into its search process. Results obtained are compared to the published performance of state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms developed for multi-modal problems. We find that using a collection of localised surrogates not only makes the problem tractable from a model-fitting viewpoint, it also produces competitive results with other EA approaches.


This study aimed to examine the effect of tourist satisfaction as a mediation on the relationship between tourist experienceand destination image on the revisit intention at tourism destinations in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia. The questionnaire data was collected online as much as 220 samples. Based on the result through SEM analysis, it shows that Tourists' experience Affects Significantly tourists' satisfaction, Destination Image Affects Significantly Tourist Satisfaction, Tourist Experience Affects Significantly Revisit Intention, Destination Image Affects Significantly Revisit Intention, Tourist Satisfaction Affects Significantly Revisit Intention, Tourist Experience Affects Significantly Revisit Intention through Tourist Satisfaction, and Destination Image Affects Significantly Revisit Intention through Tourist Satisfaction. These results indicate that the evidence of the research model that has been carried out is still following previous theories of causality, especially on the object under study. The novelty of the research is in a combination of previous causality theories which are combined into a model to be investigated on new objects. These results contribute to the world of academia, which can be a reference for further researches. For further research, it is hoped that it will be able to develop a research model by adding new variables such as destination image or tourist gender. Besides, the research location and different characteristics of respondents in the analysis will also enrich the existing empirical evidence about the effect of tourist experience and destination image on revisit intention through tourist satisfaction. Keyword: Tourist Experience, Destination Image, Revisit Intention, Tourist Satisfaction.


Urban acoustic environment is getting worse with economic development and urbanization in China. Therefore, more and more attentions are paid to urban soundscape. Urban residential areas are important living space for urban residents, its acoustic environment plays an important role in preserving and promoting the health of residents who are often exposed to noise pollution. This study emphasized soundscape elements in urban residential area and residents' subjective perception to different soundscape elements. From the survey and the measurements of the acoustic environment that were carried out in eight residential areas in two cities, the conclusion was drawed that the dwellers prefer the natural sounds to the artificial sounds in the urban residential areas. In addition, dwellers' taste to all kinds of sounds is affected by their age, gender, occupation etc.


Low-latency, high-throughput wireless communication will strongly impact industrial automation systems, by enabling reconfigurable manufacturing, and remote process and quality control. The research presented here focuses on millimetre wave communication between elevated base stations and the manufacturing workshop area around a robotic optical scanner. The combination of fundamental channel sounding results and quality of signal parameters obtained from channel evaluation measurements highlights and explains the potential access to multigigabit wireless data throughput in such a challenging radio-frequency environment.


where ci, C2 and m are constants, and Zy and Z2 are the quantities of the components (cf. Fig. 1). On this basis the results of competition between two seed crops barley and oats were described by De Wit & Ennik (1958); between two perennial grasses Phleum pratense L. and Anthoxanthum odoratum L. by Van den Bergh & De Wit (1960) and between Lolium per enne L. and Trifolium repens L. by Ennik (1960). On the same basis De Wit & Dijkshoorn (1961) described quantitatively the cation selectivity of Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L. and Plantago lanceolata L. In a pot experiment described here the results of competition between an indicator for high fertility (Lolium perenne L.) and an indicator for low fertility (Anthoxanthum odoratum L.) at a high and a low PK-level of the soil are compared. In addition the results of a similar experiment are briefly discussed to confirm the results of the first one.


Low‐quality evidence suggests that pre‐operative exclusive enteral nutrition (E/EN) can improve postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). It is not standard practice in most centres.


In this paper, distributed double-differential coding is proposed to avoid the problem of carrier offsets in amplify and forward protocol based cooperative network with two relays. A double-differential orthogonal-space-time block code is transmitted by the relays in a distributed manner without channel knowledge. We derive a low complexity linear decoder which does not require the channel and carrier offset knowledge. A pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis is also conducted and we found an upper bound of the PEP for the proposed system. In addition, an optimized power allocation is proposed to improve the SER performance of the system.


In this paper we use panel data methodology to examine the relationship between ownership structure, discretionary accruals and the informativeness of earnings for a sample of Spanish non-financial companies listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange during the period 1999-2002. We find a non-linear relationship between insider ownership and discretionary accruals and between insider ownership and earnings explanatory power for returns. This supports the hypothesis that insider ownership contributes both to the informativeness of earnings and to constraining earnings management when the proportion of shares held by insiders is not too high. When insiders own a large percentage of shares, however, they are entrenched and the relation between insider ownership, discretionary accruals and earnings informativeness reverses. Copyright (c) 2007 The Authors; Journal compilation (c) 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


The original wave theory proposed by de Broglie necessitates a stationary (localized) monochromatic plane wave of high frequency νo associated with particle. As particle moves the de Broglie wavelength appears as an observable (a relativistic effect). The nature and interpretation of high frequency oscillations remained unrevealed so far. This paper presents a self trapped circular Electromagnetic (EM) travelling wave model of Electron (specifically) and other charged particles generally. Curling EM wave is localized (stationary) and still a plane monochromatic travelling wave, against the customary wave packet approach, where number of frequencies are made to interfere to build a stationary localized wave-packet. The model reveals facts such as interpretation of wave function ψ (de Broglie wave) as a relativistic effect of a real wave function and removes the discrepancy of very high phase velocity (c/v) associated with it. The model also incorporates zitterbewegung of electron and 4π rotation needed, for a complete round of wave cycle.


In the context of the new order that was started with the republic, the reforms of the alphabet, the language, and culture were especially important. As it is well-known, the Turkish Alphabet was accepted on November 1, 1928 and was based on the Latin Language. Then, on November 24, 1928, it was decided that schools with the name of "Schools of the Nation" would be opened to spread literacy and the new alphabet. The "Schools of the Nation", for whom the president and the head teacher was Atatürk, started education on January 1, 1929. Those who graduated from these schools, which had two steps, were given literacy certificate. "Schools of the Nation" made over one million people acquire literacy in Turkey within a short time period. However, the education was limited in these existing educational institutions, and new institutions were needed. The Community Centers, which were founded in 1932, undertook important missions to serve this purpose. The Community Centers were indispensable corporate institutions of the literacy campaign in early period of Turkish Republic, and achieved remarkable success with the literacy courses they opened in The Community Courses and Courses Branch. Document analysis was used as a model in research.Document analysis model, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in order to evaluate the literacy courses and the results obtained in Bitlis and in the region. Because, according to the frequency of use as a data collection technique in qualitative research, observation and written documentation and documentation methods are used respectively. It was asked in the instructions sent to The Community Centers by the secretary general of the CHP that courses would be opened and every citizen who could not attend schools would be taught how to read in these areas. As it was the case all over the country, a literacy campaign was also started in Community Centerin Bitlis province, and these centers taught the locals how to read and write. Between 1932-1951, more than five thousand individuals learned to read and write in the Bitlis Community Center. Starting from this study made of the Early Republic Period community centers operating as formal education institutions in Turkey concluded that the impact on the literacy rate of the population.


We introduce the interpersonal meaning based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and explore the connotation of mood and modal particles in Chinese study. Factually,the meaning of "modal" in modal particles is equal to the interpersonal meaning in SFL. By analyzing the interpersonal meaning of six typical Chinese modal particles comparatively,we find that SFL can offer a theoretical guide for Chinese study. It is appliable for Chinese study.


Abstract A highly basic phosphine, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TTMPP), catalyzes alkynylation using trimethylsilylalkyne to give the corresponding products in good to high yields.


The research on the development of electronic devices is growing as fast as ever. As new challenges arise with the continuous miniaturisation of electronic components, nanostructured and carbon-based materials have been become very promising for future developments and products. In this project, an all-carbon molecular electronic device, which is completely free of metals, is reported. A Langmuir film of graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated and characterised by using a Brewster angle microscope (BAM). Then, transferences of a GO Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film onto mica substrate for different transference conditions were carried out. Morphology of the samples were characterised by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Once the optimum transference conditions of GO LB film were determined, electrografting processes of Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene) (OPE) derivatives onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate were carried out. After monolayers of OPE derivatives onto HOPG were confirmed by using various characterisation techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, AFM and cyclic voltammetry (CV), transferences of GO LB film onto modified HOPG substrates were carried out. Future work to achieve all-carbon molecular electronic devices is also explained.


Purpose: The aim was to study the various pattern and any seasonal variation in the incidence of anterior
uveitis at a tertiary care center. An observational study was conducted on 100 patients of all Methods:
new uveitis cases who attended the OPD between January 2020 to December 2021 of a tertiary care center, J.L.N. medical
college and hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. We grouped the months into winter, autumn, monsoon, spring and summer according to
Indian weather. Cases were screened along with detailed clinical and laboratory investigation to nd out there clinical
etiological causes. 100 Patients of uveitis were examined. There was male predominance (66%) Result: with male to female
ratio 1.94:1. We found cases with unilateral (91%) uveitis to be more common, with more Right eye (48%) involvement. Majority
(40%) of cases remained idiopathic. HLA-B27 (37%) was commonest association followed by lens induced and Tuberculosis.
The incidence of uveitis in winter season (38%) followed by 33% in transitional season and 29% in summer. Non- Conclusion:
infectious uveitis were more common. In Non-infectious uveitis, most common entity found to be Idiopathic and HLA-B27
associated whereas in infectious uveitis, ocular tuberculosis was found to be the leading cause. Seasonally uveitis were more in
winter and less in summer.


Unidentified woman examining bullets in a munitions factory in Hamilton during World War 2. She is one of 557 women in the factory. Photograph taken by John Pascoe, in 1944.
Original caption reads: : "Examining the finished bullet is a preliminary to more searching tests later."
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Film negative


Objective: Coronary Angiography (CAG) refers to an aggressive process that is likely to lead to endothelial injury and possibly drive further interpretation of the cause for patients within current atherosclerotic illnesses. Therefore, this study aims to test certain correlations among concentration of sRAGE, VCAM-1, as well as S100A12 pre- and post-coronary angiography alongside likelihood of endothelial injury among various patients in different ages including the younger and the geriatric groups, thereby offering a full connection upon CAG impacts of patients having atherosclerosis. Method: In this study, the whole patients chosen had been grouped into two major groups on the basis of ages: the younger patient aged less than 65 years old (Group 1), and the elderly patient aged over 65 years old (Group 2). Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), VCAM-1 and S100A12 degrees in blood sampling gathered followed by measurements of CAG session for evaluating the inflammatory responses and likelihood of endothelial injury caused via CAG. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Findings: Significant enhancement among concentration of serum VCAM-1 (P = 0.007) in younger patients and sRAGE (P = 0.019) in elderly patients had been observed, but that of serum S100A12 was still unaltered. Conclusions: Enhanced concentration of sRAGE and VCAM-1 post-CAG of patients having CAD are able to be related to follow-up endothelial injury, thus contributing to different pathway in exacerbating endothelial injury among younger and elderly patients.


In this work a fuzzy inference system design to estimate if laying hens present some level of stress without an expert intervention, as a poultry veterinarian, is presented. Additionally, in small farms usually hens diagnosed as stressed are isolated during some days until they are recovered. Moreover, isolated hens are diary examined by the expert to diagnose if the stress has disappeared. Here, it is important to point out that experts usually are unable to estimate the number of days that the hen will need to be kept in isolation until they are recovered. Therefore, as an additional advantage of the proposed FIS is that it can estimate this parameter. In this way it is shown that with the proposed FIS it was possible to determine with an accuracy of 98.62% the stress level and of 90.41% the number of days that the hen will require in isolation. Furthermore, the confusion matrices for these two variables shown that in most of the cases the incorrect estimations have an error of ±1 stress level and ±1 days of isolation. Finally, it is shown that it is feasible to implement this FIS because of the inferences are performed with variables that can be easily measured or identified by non-experts in the hen stress diagnostic. Consequently, it can help to minimize the frequency of the expert intervention in the process.

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Inference System, Laying Hens, Stress, Classification.


The development of the Internet and communication technology has ushered in a new era of the Internet of Things (IoT). Moreover, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, objects are endowed with intelligence, such as home automation and smart healthcare, which are typical applications of artificial intelligence technology in IoT. With the rise of convolutional neural network (CNN) in the field of computer vision, more and more practical applications need to deploy CNN on mobile devices. However, due to the large amount of CNN computing operations and the large number of parameters, it is difficult to deploy on ordinary edge devices. The neural network model compression method has become a popular technology to reduce the computational cost and has attracted more and more attention. We specifically design a small target detection network for hardware platforms with limited computing resources, use pruning and quantization methods to compress, and demonstrate in VOC dataset and RSOD dataset on the actual hardware platform. Experiments show that the proposed method can maintain a fairly accurate rate while greatly speeding up the inference speed.


ABSTRACT Kahua A'o, a National Science Foundation Opportunities for Enhancing Diversity in the Geosciences project, seeks to prepare educators to address issues of underrepresentation of Native Hawaiian students in Earth and Space Science (ESS) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. An interdisciplinary team provides culturally grounded, place and standards-based curricula, and professional development (PD), drawing on 4,000-plus weather- and geology-related, Hawaiian-language newspaper articles that convey the importance of ecological knowledge to identity, social status, and sustainability. The project expands Hawaiian resources for science educators and scientists, supports revitalization of an endangered language, and presents original research correlating articles on drought and rains with 19th century El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Professional development with two cohorts of educators finds interest in studying local phenomena, using technology to map cultural and science phenomena, incorporating place and culture into instruction, and, in some schools, challenges to implementing interdisciplinary instruction.


Geometric distortion is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is challenging to design an image watermarking scheme robust against geometric distortions. On the basis of support vector regression (SVR) and the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), we propose in this paper a new image watermarking algorithm with good visual quality and reasonable resistance to geometric distortions. Firstly, the geometrically invariant space is constructed by using image normalization, and a significant region is obtained from the normalized image by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Then, the significant region is subsampled into four subimages. Finally, the NSCT of one subimage is obtained, and the digital watermark is embedded into the host image by modifying the low frequency NSCT coefficients. In watermark detection, on the basis of the high correlation among subimages, the digital watermark can be recovered by using the SVR technique. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, and JPEG compression, but also robust against geometrical distortions.


''Cold Fusion'' experiment have been performed elsewhere using a dense plasma focus machine. It is the purpose of an oncoming study at the UI to reproduce and extend these experiments using a similar device at the University of Illinois. The Illinois facility is described as well as the technique that will be used. Extensions are suggested.


Objective To study the shear bond strength of Super-Bond CB to pure titanium.Methods Two sizes of disc specimens were fabricated by casting,whose diameters were 4mm and 5mm,respectively.These specimens underwent following respective treatments:①as-polished;②sandblasted with 110um aluminum oxide,ultrasonic cleaned and bonded in pairs with the cement Super-Bond CB;③bonded in pairs 24h after the sandblasting.Shear bond strengths were determined before and after thermocycling.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis.Results There was no significant difference between shear shear bond strength achieved by bonding 10min or 24h after sandblasting(P0.05),but the shear bond strengths achieved by the sandblasted groups were significantly higher than those in the non-sandblasting(P0.01).There was significant difference between shear bond strength before and after thermocyclyiing(P0.01).Conclusion Sandblasting with 110μm aluminum oxide could significantly increase the shear bond strength of pure titanium to Super-Bond CB.


In this paper, we consider the outerplanar graph Ln[1], having 6n+6 vertices, 12n+9 edges and 6n+5 faces, in this graph all faces have degree 3 except for the outside face. Our approach consists on finding a general formula that calculates the number of spanning trees in the Ligth graph Ln, depending on n. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C85, 05C30


A toxic protein complex isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom that is comprised of a basic neurotoxic subunit with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and an acidic non-enzymatic, non-toxic subunit called crotapotin, with anticoagulant and immunomodulatory activities. T he PLA2 subunit of crotoxin hydrolyzes the acyl groups in phosphoglycerides, acts as an anticoagulant by inhibiting the prothrombinase activity of coagulation factor Xa (F10a) and increases chloridedependent current modulated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFT R). T he PLA2 subunit may also metabolize eicosanoids, forming products that cause sequestration of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and inhibit the spreading and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Crotoxin down-modulates the immune system, leading to the inhibition of both humoral and cellular immune responses. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


Contents: Elzbieta Adamczyk: The English-Saxon morphological interface: Evidence from the nominal inflection of the West Saxon and Old Saxon Genesis - Anna Antkowiak: Scribal treatment of the (to)-infinitive in the 15th century manuscripts of the three selected tales from Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales - Michael Bilynsky: The expansion of ME shared sense/stem (de)verbal synonyms: Patterns of etymological interchange - Anna Budna: Tracing potential foreign influences on Middle English morphology: The present participle markers -and and -ing - Natalia Filipowicz: Tracing the origins and fates of African fauna vocabulary in Middle English - Anna Hebda: Onde and envy: A diachronic cognitive approach - Joanna Janecka/Anna Wojtys: In the secounde moneth, that other yeer of the goyng of hem out of Egipte - on the replacement of other by second in English - Malgorzata Klos: 'To die' in Early Middle English: Deien, swelten or sterven? - Agnieszka Kocel: Nonpalatalised dorsals in Southumbrian Middle English grammatical words: A Scandinavian influence? - Sylwester Lodej: The non-denotational meaning in the domain of clergy: Pejoration of the lexical fields of PRIEST, BISHOP and POPE in Early Modern English - Janusz Malak: The rise of phrasal verbs in Middle English - a case of indirect syntactic influence on word forms - Franciska Trobevsek Drobnak: Formal marking of the Middle English infinitive in specific grammatical environment.


Effect of four levels (0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha−1) of farmyard manure on soil microbial biomass C, Nand P turnover and enzyme activities, viz., dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and urease in Typic Haplustert under soybean-wheat system were studied. Farmyard manure applications @ 4 t FYM ha−1 increased microbial biomass but further increase in FYM level caused reduction in biomass turnover. The N and P contents and microbial biomass were higher under soybean than under wheat crop. All the three enzyffie activities were positively correlated with biomass Nand P. There was significant correlation between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass C, N, dehydrogenase and urease activity.


Recently, a non-abelian generalization of the Navier–Stokes equation that exhibits a manifest duality between color and kinematics has been proposed by Cheung and Mangan. In this paper, we offer a new perspective on the double copy formulation of this equation based on the homotopy algebraic picture suggested by Borsten, Kim, Jurčo, Macrelli, Saemann, and Wolf. In the process, we describe precisely how the double copy can be realized at the level of perturbiner expansions. Specifically, we will show that the color-dressed Berends–Giele currents for the non-abelian version of the Navier–Stokes equation can be used to construct the Berends–Giele currents for the double copied equation by replacing the color factors with a second copy of kinematic numerators. We will also show a Kawai–Lewellen–Tye relation stating that the full tree-level scattering amplitudes in the latter can be written as a product of tree-level color ordered partial amplitudes in the former.


India is the second-most populous country in the world. Appropriate knowledge and usage of contraception are important.

This cross-sectional observational study was done to assess the awareness and usage of different methods of contraception among women of reproductive age group.

 Six hundred women between age groups of 18-45 years, attending Gynae OPD at SIMS, Hapur were interviewed with the help of a predesigned questionnaire from May 2019 to January 2020. Women having medical disorders were excluded.

Among 600 women, 52.5% were between 21 to 30 years of age. 81.2% had parity equal to or more than two. 86% of women were of rural origin & 66.5% belonged to the Muslim community. 85.3% women were aware of barrier contraception, 81% were aware of natural methods, 47.7% knew about IUCD & 57.5% were aware of OCP's. 78.2% were aware of permanent methods of family planning. 96.3% of women were aware of at least one method of contraception. Only 37.4% of women were using contraception. There was a statistical difference among the rural and urban populations for awareness and usage of contraception.

 Despite awareness of contraception, in our study population, the acceptance of contraception was low, in comparison to many studies. Fear of side effects is the most common reason for less usage.


The invention relates to a method for testing an RCS (radar cross section) of a low-scattering conformal antenna based on two-dimensional microwave imaging, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out an RCS test on a metal envelope and a low-scattering conformal antenna in an installed state so as to obtain a two-dimensional microwave image; carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform on the obtained new two-dimensional microwave image so as to obtain the data of a target spectral domain; carrying out an RCS test on a metal ball (the RCS of the metal ball is known) so as to obtain a two-dimensional microwave image, then carrying out two-dimensional Fourier transform on the obtained two-dimensional microwave image so as to obtain the data G0 (f, theta) of a scattered field of the metal ball, wherein the data of the scattered field varies with frequency and angle; and finally, obtaining the RCS of the conformal antenna, wherein the RCS of the conformal antenna meets the following formula: RCS= G1 (f, theta) (of the conformal antenna) - G0 (f, theta) (of the metal ball) + RCS (of the metal ball). The method provided by the invention is a method for testing an RCS (radar cross section) of a low-scattering conformal antenna in an installed state based on the two-dimensional microwave imaging technology, and after practicing, the obtained effect is good, therefore, the method provided by the invention has great engineering popularization value.


This paper studies the hot spot distribution and Construction Development Countermeasures of characteristic small towns based on geographical large number. This paper first uses the big data method of Baidu map POI points of interest to explore the construction method of industrialization and urbanization transformation. Secondly, it analyzes the consumption transformation from the production-oriented economy in large and medium-sized cities to the multi pole enjoyment economy in urban and rural areas by using statistical big data, and points out that the transformation has the characteristics of market demand pulling and policy supply promoting. At the same time, this paper points out that the differentiation of location preference of four industries, namely, historical classics, traditional county economy, new economy and tourism, lays a foundation for the development of characteristic towns, but it also faces the dilemma of imbalance of urban system structure and failure of micro design. Finally, this paper proposes that it is necessary to complete the overall site selection and spatial scale intensity control with the help of big data, complete the regional spatial organization and the spatial supply of characteristic industries by means of data fusion, and organize and create the environment by micro characteristic spatial sequence. This conclusion has a certain reference value for the research on the hot spot distribution and construction development of characteristic towns.


Murmurs arise when blood flow becomes turbulent, causing vibration of cardiovascular structures. Physiological murmurs or functional murmurs result from turbulent flow associated with normal blood flows at high velocity. Pathological murmurs are caused by a pathological condition such as valvular regurgitation or congenital cardiac disease. When a murmur is diagnosed, we first need to identify the source of the murmur and then assess its significance. We therefore need to classify murmurs based upon their timing (systolic or diastolic) and duration, location and radiation, intensity (1 to 6 scale) and character. The intensity of the murmur is often related to the severity of the regurgitation with louder murmurs being more severe. However, this is not always the case, especially not for a ventricular septal defect, for a musical murmur or when heart failure is present. The timing of the murmur, such as systolic (between S1 and S2), diastolic (between S2 and S1) or continuous, and the point of maximal intensity already allow to determine the origin of the murmur. The duration is described as early, mid, late, holoor pansystolic or –diastolic. Murmurs that obscure the normal heart sounds (pansystolic or pandiastolic) are more severe that those that do not obscure heart sounds (holosystolic or holodiastolic) The radiation and character are also related to the significance of the murmur.


Antenna design for Ka-band SAR systems used in earth observation missions is demanding for two reasons. A narrow beamshape results in a large aperture, and the frequency band dictates a short spacing between neighboring radiating elements. In our case, this leads to a requirement of more than a million radiating elements. In this thesis it is assessed how such a challenge can be solved, yielding a solution that is compliant with the specifications and industrially feasible. In particular, it is recognized that the distribution of radiating elements is more important than the placement of individual elements, and the synthesis and analysis methods explored in this work build on this principle.


The enhancement in efficient wastewater treatment processes is one of the greatest significant problems mainly in textile dyeing units. Textile dyeing wastewater holds huge quantities of chemically diverse manmade dyes, surfactants, and other mineral substances, which are accountable for a severe toxicity on municipal wastewater treatment facilities. In this study, the colored wastewater contains mainly a Crystal violet dye from a local dyeing unit was treated by batch coagulation test using algal alginate as a coagulant extracted from Sargassum sp. marine brown algae. The raw algal alginate and dye loaded alginate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The effect of various parameters like alginate dose, calcium dose, and settling time was investigated. It was noted that the maximum color removal of 97.3% at optimum conditions of 50 mg/L of alginate dose, 6 g/L of calcium dose was achieved. The sludge volume index (SVI) was examined at the maximum dye removal condition and compared with alum. The preliminary kinetic study on dye removal process shows that, it follows a second-order kinetic equation. The present study reveals that the algal alginate, a biopolymeric compound extracted from brown algae Sargassum sp. can be an efficient coagulant for Crystal violet dye removal in the wastewater from the textile dyeing unit.


Several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), especially paroxetine, have been reported to produce a number of post-treatment emergent adverse events following abrupt withdrawal (Coupland et al 1996; Haddad 1997). More recently a SSRI-induced neonatal withdrawal syndrome has been described (Sanz et al 2005) in infants born of mothers treated with SSRI during pregnancy. In both of these situations, paroxetine has been associated with the greatest incidence (Warner et al 2006; Sanz et al 2005). Other SSRIs and the selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine can, however also cause a withdrawal syndrome in patients (Trenque et al 2002). In contrast, milnacipran, another SNRI, has been reported to present a lower risk of withdrawal-induced adverse events (Vandel et al 2004). Furthermore the spectrum of the symptoms was different from that produced by paroxetine.

In our clinic, a discontinuation syndrome is sometimes seen when SSRIs or SNRIs are discontinued suddenly, or when doses are missed or forgotten. In a total cohort of 2675 depressed patients, we identified 124 cases of antidepressant withdrawal syndrome. Sixty-three of the cases resulted from withdrawal from fluvoxamine (from a total of 1306 treated patients), 55 were withdrawn from paroxetine (from a total of 453 treated patients), while 6 were withdrawn from milnacipran (from a total of 916 treated patients). With paroxetine and fluvoxamine, respectively, the incidence of discontinuation syndrome was 18.4 times greater and 7.3 times greater than that found with milnacipran (Table 1). These differences were highly significant as determined by the χ2 test. These results are qualitatively similar to those obtained in a double-blind comparative study of milnacipran and paroxetine by Vandel et al (2004), who found an incidence of discontinuation syndrome of 13% with milnacipran and 32% with paroxetine following withdrawal after 6 weeks of treatment.

Table1

Number and ratios of discontinuation syndrome with SSRIs and SNRI in our clinic

Paroxetine has systematically been found to have the highest incidence of discontinuation syndrome (Warner et al 2006) while fluvoxamine has an incidence 10-fold lower and fluoxetine 100-fold lower (Westenberg and Sandner 2006). Paroxetine is the most potent inhibitor of the serotonin transporter (Sanchez and Hyttel 1999) and this potency may be a significant factor in the frequency of discontinuation syndromes for paroxetine in comparison with fluvoxamine (Westenberg and Sandner 2006) and milnacipran (Moret et al 1985). Furthermore, paroxetine is unique among the SSRI because its relatively high affinity for muscarinic receptors is similar to that of imipramine (Schatzberg et al 1997; Sanchez and Hyttel 1999). A cholinergic rebound, as observed on withdrawal of tricyclic antidepressants (Dilsaver et al 1987), could also partly explain the discontinuation syndrome paroxetine. Neither fluvoxamine nor milnacipran have any significant affinity for the muscarinic receptor (Moret et al 1985; Sanchez and Hyttel 1999).

Pharmacokinetics are thought to play an important role in the incidence of withdrawal effect, with compounds with shorter half-lives having the greatest incidence of withdrawal effects. The apparent correlation between the occurrence of SSRI discontinuation syndrome and shorter drug half-lives has been highlighted (Schatzberg et al 1997). The half-life of paroxetine (21 h) may explain the relatively high incidence of discontinuation syndromes compared with fluoxetine which has a long half-life (parent compound 1–6 days, active metabolite 7–9 days). Pharmacokinetic factors, however, do not explain the low incidence of withdrawal effects with milnacipran, since the half-life of the SNRI (8 h) is shorter than that of paroxetine (Puozzo et al 1998).

It is possible that low incidence of withdrawal effects with milnacipran may be related to its dual action on the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin compared with the selective effect of SSRI such as paroxetine on the reuptake of serotonin. It seems unlikely, however, that a simple action on the noradrenaline transporter is sufficient to explain the situation. Firstly, paroxetine is the SSRI with the highest affinity for the noradrenaline transporter (Sanchez and Hyttel 1999) and, secondly, the SNRI venlafaxine has an incidence almost as high as paroxetine (Trenque et al 2002). Although venlafaxine is considered to be a SNRI, it is, in fact, a preferential serotonin reuptake inhibitor and produces clinically relevant inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake only at high doses where serotonin reuptake is very extensively inhibited (Harvey et al 2000).

A unique property of milnacipran which may be relevant is the fact that it inhibits both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake with similar potency (Moret and Briley 1997). A recent study of changes in long-term potentiation following repeated treatment with milnacipran (Tachibana et al 2006) has shown that interactions between noradrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms play an important role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity. It is thus possible that the balance between serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission may be essential in determining the nature and extent of withdrawal-related symptoms. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to test this hypothesis.


Film boiling in a cluster geometry was investigated during a recent test conducted in the Power Burst Facility. Cluster information is necessary to assess the applicability of single rod experimental data used in developing light water reactor fuel rod behavior models. The nine-rod test, part of the Power-Cooling-Mismatch (PCM) Test Series, was designed to investigate the film boiling behavior of a central fuel rod surrounded by fuel rods that were also in the film boiling heat transfer regime. Information obtained provides insight into film boiling fuel rod behavior, in an environment believed to be representative of a power reactor rod during a period of over-power or low-flow operation. The nine test rods were arranged in a 3 x 3 lattice with spacing typical of a PWR cluster. Except for fuel enrichment and overall length, the rods were of PWR design.


IN 1937 I1presented the first case of clinical symptoms due to an elongated styloid process observed in the clinic of the division of otolaryngology of the department of surgery of Duke University School of Medicine. At that time I reported 2 cases in which there had been surgical shortening of the elongated process and 2 cases in which there had not been an operation of this type. In 1940 a series of 43 private cases with a diagnosis of elongated styloid process was reported from our clinic by Fritz,2which included the 4 previously mentioned cases. From 1940 to December 1946 we have observed 211 additional cases on the private service at Duke Hospital, making a total of 254 cases, an average of 35 each year on the private service alone. There has been a total of 44 operations on these private patients, for shortening of the styloid processes.


The invention discloses a video monitoring scene switching method and a video monitoring system, wherein the video monitoring scene switching method comprises the following steps: a monitoring client receives an operating instruction which is sent by a user and used for indicating the moving direction of the monitoring scene, and initiates a channel switching request to a switching server; the switching server selects a camera channel which is associated with a camera channel which is currently monitored by the monitoring client and corresponds to the moving direction of the monitoring scene from a preset camera channel associated relation table for recording position relations of various camera channels and informs the selected camera channel of the monitoring client by a response message; and the monitoring client switches to a corresponding camera channel according to the response message returned by the switching server. The switching server can quickly and accurately select the camera channels required by a user to be switched and inform the monitoring client of switching according to associated relation tables of various camera channels, and the monitoring client can automatically and continuously display the monitoring frame.