The use of CFD has proven to be a very effective tool for the design of regenerative systems in glass production plants. Different CFD approaches have been set up by the authors to simulate the regenerative chambers to include heat transfer and pressure losses effects from the internal refractory structure. The above models have been used to conceive a gas recirculation strategy for the NOx containment from natural gas combustion and are currently used in industry to design such systems. On the other hand, it can be observed that the actual geometry found in a new regenerative chamber or after years of continuous operation is different from the CAD geometry used in the design process. In fact, the CAD geometry has sharp edges at the junction of solid surfaces while the actual geometry of a refractory block is with blunt edges and the above edges are rounded off by corrosion and erosion processes during operation. The effects of the above geometrical details on the flow structure inside the furnace components have been highlighted in a previous paper. The dramatic change that can occur in the flow topology with the introduction of those geometrical details can jeopardize the use of the standard CFD approaches for design purposes. In the present paper the attention is focused on the regenerative chamber with the gas recirculation systems. This NOx containment strategy is effective if the recirculated gases, in the regenerative chamber with combustion air, are correctly distributed above the flame structure in order to reduce the maximum temperature that will cause NOx formation. The effects of the geometrical details on the edges in the regenerative chamber are investigated in order to develop a more effective and consistent design approach based on CFD and to setup a proper simulation tool to predict the effects of erosion (rounded edges) on the gas recirculation strategy. The simulation approach is applied to actual regenerative chambers equipped with the gas recirculation strategy to understand the above effects on an existing glass production plant.


The main aim of the present study is to examine the absolute first contact between the newborn and its parents during the time that the infant is lying on its mother's chest and abdomen immediately ...


We consider the Banach function spaces, called fully measurable grand Lebesgue spaces, associated with the function norm where denotes the norm of the Lebesgue space of exponent , and and are measurable functions over a measure space , , and almost everywhere. We prove that every such space can be expressed equivalently replacing and with functions defined everywhere on the interval , decreasing and increasing, respectively (hence the full measurability assumption in the definition does not give an effective generalization with respect to the pointwise monotone assumption and the essential supremum can be replaced with the simple supremum). In particular, we show that, in the case of bounded , the class of fully measurable Lebesgue spaces coincides with the class of generalized grand Lebesgue spaces introduced by Capone, Formica, and Giova.


In this paper we introduce PyXYZ, a 3D wireframe software rendering framework for educational purposes. The main goal of this framework is to provide a simple-to-understand tool that students can use to build a more sophisticated engine, while learning mathematics and acquiring a deeper knowledge of the complexity of a modern 3D engine. PyXYZ can be used as a teaching aid in course work and/or as a template for multi-goal project assignments, allowing students with diverse capabilities and interests to have different levels of commitment. The engine has been used with positive results in a mathematics course unit of a computer games BA and can be easily adapted to various teaching scenarios.


Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of Man Alexander G. Bearn. 227 pages. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1993. $49.95. The 20th century brought a new awareness of genetics that originated from the work of Gregor Mendel and sufficient advances in chemistry to allow a young English physician, Archibald E. Garrod, to investigate alkaptonuria, the first of his classic studies of inborn errors of metabolism. In this meticulously researched and scholarly biography, Bearn captures the essence of this remarkable man in a well-crafted account of the triumphs and tragedies of his personal life, interwoven with his achievements as a physician-scientist. Garrod was the first to envision the association of medicine, biochemistry, and genetics and to promulgate the doctrine of biochemical individuality and the study of disease as a result of genetic composition. He succeeded William Osler as Regius Professor of Medicine, and the vivid story of his years at Oxford provides an intriguing comparison of these two physicians who achieved greatness through different paths. The book is enhanced with 445 notes and references relating to the individual chapters, four appendices encompassing Garrod's predecessors, a chronology, 74 additional notes and references, and a welcome bibliography of Garrod's writings. Although Bearn disclaims the title of medical historian, this work unequivocally establishes his credentials as such. It is a definitive biography of Garrod, the father of biochemical genetics, and a welcome addition to the literature of the history of medicine. It will be enjoyed and valuable to all who want to understand Garrod's singular contributions to the evolution of medical research.


This thesis examines the pattern of voting of the 1974 Wollongong City Council Local Government Election. The analysis is conducted at three levels; first, overall, in which the effect of socio-economic factors upon the party vote at each booth is considered; second, within the Wards, in which the local context of voting is reviewed; and thirdly, the issue level. Multiple correlation and regression analysis was used in an attempt to understand the pattern of variation in the relative magnitude of the party related vote. Residuals from the analysis suggested the operation of ward based factors,thus in Chapter 4 the scale of the analysis was changed in an attempt to determine whether or not local effects noted in the literature of electoral geography could be discerned. Because of data and system problems, however, this analysis could not be conducted in a way that gave results capable of being added to those from the previous analysis. Instead, the local effect was sought at the intra party intra ward level and among the votffiobtained by independents. At both levels local effects were found to exist, although there appeared to be other systematically operating factors within some wards that affected the voting response surface. TI1e thesis then turns to an examination of some well marked inter ward variations in the nature of local effects. One of the most important factors contributing departures from a regular local effect was found to be the 'common ticket' electoral strategy which results in a candidate gaining almost uniform support across the ward. Local factors influencing the flow of information could still be seen to affect these results and three case studies of this situation are included. Re-examination of the support for 'party' candidates in other wards indicated that two other ii


In obstetrical anesthesia — beyond the field of general operative medicine — the effects of and adverse reactions to an anesthetic agent must always be evaluated with reference to twoindividuals, the mother and the infant, before a judgement can be made about the suitability or inadequacy of a new drug for obstetrical purposes [2, 5]. Once the pharmacological and general clinicalanesthetic properties of the inhalation anesthetic, Ethrane, had been extensively documented. [1,3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27] it became necessary to investigate the adequacy or unsuitability of the drug for obstetrical procedures. In this connection it should be noted that chemically Ethrane is similar to Methoxyflurane, while pharmacologically it resembles Halothane moreclosely [11]. In contrast to the numerous papers dealing with its surgical-anesthetic properties, reports on the use of Ethrane for obstetrical anesthesia are relatively scarce. In addition to papers from South America, ( DEVOGHEL, [5] COLEMAN' [4]and MAGNO [21] have reported their special findings in the obstetrical field. It thus appears that Ethrane relaxes the Uterus, but the effects on uterus and fetal heart rate are promptly reversible [5]. GOLEM AN [4] and MAGNO [21] have also reported satisfactory results with Ethrane. On our part, we have been publishing partial results in preliminary papers [6,7]. Our aim has been:


Differential algebra approaches to structural identifiability analysis of a dynamic system model in many instances heavily depend upon Ritt's pseudodivision at an early step in analysis. The pseudodivision algorithm is used to find the characteristic set, of which a subset, the input-output equations, is used for identifiability analysis. A simpler algorithm is proposed for this step, using Gr\"obner Bases, along with a proof of the method that includes a reduced upper bound on derivative requirements. Efficacy of the new algorithm is illustrated with two biosystem model examples.


Abstract
 This chapter discusses the increased implications in the current breeding methodology of wheat, such as rapid evolution of new sequencing and genotyping technologies, automation of phenotyping, sequencing and genotyping methods and increased use of prediction and machine learning methods. Some of the strategies that will further transform wheat breeding in the next few years are also presented.


Introduces the design strategy for a remote power monitoring system in the large bridge safety monitoring project,and focus on analysis of the Modbus/TCP protocol constitutes.Through state machines with time to time asked,real-time response and multi-threading technology,combined with the remote control terminal at the scene and sensor equipment,Design a remote power monitoring system with Industrial Ethernet which based on Modbus/TCP protocol,realize telemetry,remote communicate,remote control,remote transfer,flow rate cut-off protection,remote meter reading,load control,fault alarm and many other features of the bridge health monitoring system at the scene distribution transformer device,And then get a monitoring system which in order to achieve networking and remote data sharing,improve the safety of the system,reliability and economy.


We consider Stokes water waves on the vorticity flow in a two-dimensional channel of finite depth. In the paper"V.Kozlov, On first subharmonic bifurcations in a branch of Stokes waves, arXiv:2303.11440, 2023"it was proved existence of subharmonic bifurcations on a branch of Stokes waves. Such bifurcations occur near the first bifurcation in the set of Stokes waves. Moreover it is shown in that paper that the bifurcating solutions build a connected continuum containing large amplitude waves. This fact was proved under a certain assumption concerning the second eigenvalue of the Frechet derivative. In this paper we investigate this assumption and present explicit conditions when it is satisfied.


Challenging States' Reliance on the Aznar Protocol and Related EU Secondary Law : An Assessment of Admissibility Issues at the European Court of Human Rights


Language, which is rarely neutral, shapes perception and behavior. Consequently, it plays an important role in relation to conflict and peace. The language of conflict usually functions on the basis of using differences to promote violence. Interviews conducted on land disputes in the post-conflict context of Northern Uganda, showed that language can be used to reduce these differences and affirm dignity thus diffusing tensions. Our preceding studies of conflict discourse within returnee communities have endeavored to show how language use, by imposing certain misrepresentations as legitimate, undermines efforts of social reintegration, perpetuates conditions of negative peace and can pose a threat of returning to conflict. In this study of Gulu elders dealing with post-conflict disputes, language is perceived as a tool of positive peace. Borrowing from the sociocultural theory of mind and its application to concepts of language, the paper shows how language can foster open and inclusive communication and support the pursuit of peaceful cohabitation within returnee communities. It goes on to demonstrate how language, within the cultural institutions of returnee communities, constitutes power that can be used in "languaging" conflict resolution. According to the study, language has embedded within it actual relations of power, so much so that those who control it exercise an enormous influence on how the communities perceive conflict and peace-building and what behaviors they accept in relation to resolving post-conflict disputes. Consequently, the quick revitalization of traditional arrangements of dispute settlement has been possible in the area of Gulu because language is a strong social institution which has enhanced the efforts of peace maintenance in the Acholi post conflict context. Languaging or talking through disputes as an alternative discourse to conflict should be embraced as a strategy of empowering the voiceless. It is an effective and sustainable cost effective strategy for dealing with cyclic disputes especially when applied as complementary to other dispute settlement approaches.


The invention is entitled fluorecent lamp with protective shelve. A fluorescent lamp (10) having a protective polymeric sleeve (26) to provide impact resistance and contain fragments if the lamp (10) shatters. The sleeve (26) comprises an inner layer (28) of a UV-blocking polymeric material and an adjacent layer (30) of a polymeric material, preferably polycarbonate. The inner layer (28) is preferably a co-polymer comprised of a polycarbonate block and a block comprised of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and resorcinol. The inner layer (28) helps protect the rest of the sleeve (26) from UV degradation.


A generic architecture for system of cooperating communicating mobile robots is presented. An overall structure is defined from a modularity viewpoint, where a number of generic modules are identified; low level communication interface, network layer services such as initial and adaptive network structuring, routing and capacity management, overall behaviour which includes commitment to overall strategies as well as local behaviour like trajectory planning and navigation. Focus is kept on communication aspects and an example application of establishing a reliable wireless realtime communication backbone is presented. Initial and online adaptive network structuring strategies are discussed viewed from efficiency and robustness properties as well as their projection onto the Bluetooth protocol. Ad-hoc routing algorithms are evaluated w.r.t. feasibility in a quasi stationary network structure under varying traffic demands. A novel capacity based on-demand routing algorithm is deviced to achieve general Quality of Service provision in an ad-hoc Bluetooth scatternet. A novel paradigm of coordinated behaviour for providing network connectivity under mobility is presented.


Euthanasia is less common in the UK than in comparable developed countries, despite widespread newspaper headlines last week suggesting it is commonplace, it has been claimed.


The purpose of this thesis was to determine the efficacy of visual feedback for enhancing the sporting performance offield hockey players. To achieve this, the thesis was subdivided into two study areas, physical and skilled performance. The research questions for this thesis are: 1. What are the physical demands of the 'modem' female field hockey match? (Chapter 5) 2. Is the 5-m Multiple Shuttle Test (5-m MST) a reliable test for female hockey players? (Chapter 6) 3. Is the 5-m MST a valid test for determining fitness levels for female field hockey players? (Chapter 7) 4. Is a normative profile for field hockey performance established after half a season? (Chapter 8) 5. Can visual feedback be used to enhance skilled performance during competitive hockey matches? (Chapter 9) Visual feedback of sport can be used to improve our understanding of both physical and skilled performance. However, the scienti'fic efficacy of this technique is not fully understood. Therefore this thesis will aim to increase the data available on field hockey and enhance our knowledge and implementation of visual feedback. The physical demands of the 'modern' female field hockey match were determined by quantifying the displacement of the players (n = 11) every 15 seconds during a match (n = 3). The results for each match and each half Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn


Ammonia (NH3) concentrations were continuously monitored at a moorland site in southern Scotland for 13 months from February 1995 to February 1996, providing about 13 500 half‐hourly average measurements (71% of the time). Concentrations were found to be log‐normally distributed (with a geometric mean of 0.43 μg m−3 and a geometric standard devation of 3.35), and were strongly dependent on wind direction because of local agricultural point soources within 3 km of the site. These sources contributed approximately 60% of the NH3 advected over the measurement site, while more distant sources accounted for the remaining 40%. Meteorological conditions also influenced the concentration of NH3 because of their effects on emissions from vegetation, on dispersion by the atmosphere, and on rats of removal from the atmosphere. The largest concentrations were measured in warm (>15 °C), dry, summer conditions and in cold (<°C) weather, typically 1–5 μg m−3. Smaller concentratins, typically in the range 0.1–1 μg m−3 were found in intermediate (1–15 °C), humid and wind conditions. Ammonia concentrations generally decreased with increasing wind speed and were very variable at windspeeds <3 m s−1. Concentrations also decreased with increasing relative humidity, reflecting the partitioning of NHx toward the liquid phase at large (>90%) relative humidities, while evaporation from aerosols seemed more likely at lower (40–90%) relative humidities. Seasonal variations in meteorological patterns resulted in marked seasonal variations in concentrations, with the largest mean‐values observed during the warmer and drier summer months, and the smallest values measured in humid and windy, atumn and winter conditions. Measurements indicated a short atmospheric residence time for NH3, of the order of 1–2 hours. The atmospheric residenc time for dry deposition of gaseous NH3 was estimated from these data and ranges from 2 to 20 hours depending on atmospheric and surface conditions, with a mean value of 3.5 hours for the 13 months of monitoring.


Natural ester is a good substitute for mineral oil. It has been successfully applied in power transformers, and its application scale will continue to increase. With the aging of oil-paper insulation in transformers, moisture and impurity particles will inevitably be generated. In this paper, dry and wet mineral oil and natural ester samples, as well as dry and wet cellulose particles, were prepared. The accumulation behavior of the cellulose particles and the conductivity current in mineral oil and natural ester under a non-uniform dc electrical field were compared by using eight combinations of dry or wet cellulose particles and dry or wet insulation oils. The results show that the speed of the cellulose particles and the growth of impurity bridges are faster in wet mineral oil and natural ester, especially when the cellulose particles are also wet. The increase of electrical field strength accelerates the appearance of this phenomenon. The cellulose particle bridging phenomenon in the mineral oil is more significant than that in the natural ester. Under the same dc voltage, the saturated conductivity current in every mineral oil sample decreases as the electrode distance increases; however, the opposite phenomenon is observed in the natural ester samples. Moreover, the oil moisture content increase has a more significant influence on the saturated current and the dc breakdown voltage than the particles' moisture content increase. For the same particle concentration level, the natural ester has a lower conductivity current and a larger dc breakdown voltage than the mineral oil. The natural ester presents better resistance to particle pollution and better insulation properties than the mineral oil.


In this paper we utilize a semi-parametric approach with multiplicative adjustment to estimate the distributions for a series of stock index returns including developed and emerging economies. The semi-parametric approach has potential improvements over both pure parametric and non-parametric estimators. Firstly, in the case where the parametric model is misspecified so that the parametric estimator for the true density is usually inconsistent, the semi-parametric estimator can still be consistent with the true density. Secondly, in comparison with the kernel density estimator, the semi- parametric estimator can result in bias reduction as long as the parametric model can capture some roughness feature of the true density function, whereas the two estimators have the same asymptotic variance. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has good finite sample performance compared with non-parametric approach. We apply the approach to the empirical data of a series of stock index returns and find support for it in each of the markets under consideration.


Screening of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria as an alternative source of  biological removal of nitrogen compounds in polluted lake waters was carried by soil samples collected from the lake bed were subjected to primary and secondary enrichment were performed. Culture samples showing nitrate production were subjected to confirmatory test. Change of colour from pink to yellow and decrease in pH indicated the presence of nitrifying bacteria. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria isolated belonged to genus Bacillus sp. Isolation and characterization using 16s ribosomal RNA is in progress.


An important number of ecological phenomena can be modeled using nonlinear diffusion partial differential equations. This paper considers a system of cross-diffusion equations with nonlocal initial conditions. Such equations arise as steady-state equations in an age-structured predator-prey model with diffusion. We use the nonstandard finite difference method developed by Mickens. These types of schemes are made by the following two rules: first, renormalization of step size for the denominator function of representations of derivatives, and secondly, nonlocal representations of nonlinear terms. We obtained a scheme that preserves the positivity of solutions. Furthermore, this scheme is explicit and functional relationship is obtained between time, space, and age step sizes.


This essay analyzes how the presence of Francisco Oller's monumental painting, The Wake, challenged the narrative of progress set forth in the Exposición de Puerto Rico de 1893 (Fair of Puerto Rico). The fair celebrated four hundred years of Spanish rule over Puerto Rico and emphasized the cultural and economic advancements achieved throughout that time. As a contrast to the many displays of the island's bounty, The Wake offered a vision of jíbaros (Puerto Rican peasants) celebrating a baquiné, an Afro-Caribbean tradition honoring a deceased child. The painting brought attention to the poverty and marginalization of the peasantry as well as their persistent practice of nonnormative rituals. Oller, like many of the other social-reform-minded intellectuals of Puerto Rico, focused on the jíbaro class in order to critique their lifestyles but also to propel social transformation that could improve peasants' quality of life. My study intervenes in the scholarly literature of Oller and the politics of the fair to show how The Wake visually asserted the prejudices and deterministic preconceptions about these peasants that characterized the views of late-nineteenth century sociologists. More importantly, however, careful observation of the painting reveals subtle inaccuracies such as the scarcity of food and drink in the scene, errors that conflict with the conclusions intellectuals of the time were drawing about the peasantry. These ambiguous compositional choices disclose an unbridgeable gap between the critique The Wake offered and the fair's objectives, but they are also central to the painting's relevance in Puerto Rican culture today.


Amyotrophic Lateral Scelosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive muscle atrophy due to degenerative changes in both upper and lower motor neurons.To date, ALS is considered as fatal motor neuron disease; while existing therapies aim to improve the lifestyle and increase extendsurvival of patients.The mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenesis of ALShave not been fully clarified. However, more and more studies suggest the involvement of environmental as well as genetic factors in the manifestation of ALS.
This study aims to a further approach of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1121980 at FTO gene. Specifically, the purpose of this stusy is to investigate the role of this polymorphism, as a potential prognostic biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in individuals of Greek origin. A total of 60 specimens were used and two groups were studied: 1) 30 specimens for healthy subjects and 2) 30 specimens for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
PCR technique was performed, in order to amplificate the target sequence. To examine the genotype and alleles frequency, SNP was analyzed by Sanger sequencing.
There was no statistically significant correlation of the studied SNP, with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in these two groups, based on x2 criterion. However, the limitations of this study, such as the small number of samples (n) and the analysis of only one single nucleotide polymorphism-target must be considered. A further analysis of FTO gene is recommended


A two-sector model of a small open economy with wage rigidities and a variable capital stock is presented in this paper. The short- and medium-run effects of government expenditure policies are analyzed, and the results are contrasted with those of previous models which either ignore investment or restrict it to the case of intersectoral reallocation of capital. I. Introduction Theoretical studies of the small open economy have tended to deal either with a short-run period in which the stock of capital in each sector of the economy is fixed while employment is variable, or with a long-run period in which capital stocks can change but full employment is assumed to prevail. Several recent contributions, however, have analysed the behaviour of economies in which sectoral capital stocks can change whilst wage rigidities prevent the adjustment to full employment, adopting the position that medium term resource allocation will be substantially affected by rigidities stemming from the current distribution of income between capital and labour. Amongst these have been papers by Helpman (1976), Brecher (1978) and Kouri (1979, 1982). The only explicit analysis of the medium-run effects of fiscal policy is carried out by Helpman. He employs the Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade theory which postulates that changes in sectoral capital stocks occur through the movement of physical capital between sectors. This assumption of intersectoral capital mobility is often considered by trade theorists as the "long-run" analogue to short-run models with sectorspecific capital, as in e.g. Mayer (1974), Mussa (1974), but the present


It is well known that zeros and poles of a single-input, single-output system in the transfer function form are the roots of the transfer function's numerator and the denominator polynomial, respectively. However, in the state-space form, where the poles are a subset of the eigenvalue of the dynamics matrix and thus can be computed by solving an eigenvalue problem, the computation of zeros is a non-trivial problem. This paper presents a realization of a linear system that allows the computation of invariant zeros by solving a simple eigenvalue problem. The result is valid for square multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) systems, is unaffected by lack of observability or controllability, and is easily extended to wide MIMO systems. Finally, the paper illuminates the connection between the zero-subspace form and the normal form to conclude that zeros are the poles of the system's zero dynamics


There are many methods ranging over design and construction to control thermal cracking in mass concrete structures. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of each method quantitively in order to control thermal cracking effectively.In this study the equations to express the effect of the methods, for example, concreting temperature, curing method, and lift separation, to control thermal cracking in mass concrete slab are obtained in the result of thermal stress analysis. The most effective method according to the size of the structure and the external restraining level can be selected easily using these equations.


Melanogenesis is a physiological process resulted in the synthesis of melanin pigments, which has a role in protecting skin from the damaging effect...


Aim of the study was the comparative investigation of cutaneous and subcutaneous vascular lesions. By means of color coded duplex sonography (CCDS), laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and infrared thermography (IT) we examined hemangiomas, vascular malformations and portwine stains to get some evidence about depth, perfusion and vascularity. LDI is a helpful method to get an impression of the capillary part of vascular lesions and the course of superficial vessels. CCDS has disadvantages in the superficial perfusion's detection but connections to deeper vascularizations can be examined precisely, in some cases it is the only method for visualizing vascular malformations. IT gives additive hints on low blood flow areas or indicates arterial-venous-shunts. Only the combination of all imaging methods allows a complete assessment, not only for planning but also for controlling the laser treatment of vascular lesions.


In this thesis a comparative study of Sweden and Thailand was conducted in order to find out why Sweden is top-ranked and Thailand low-ranked on an e-learning readiness scale. More specifically, I was focusing on the net universities in Sweden and in Thailand. The net universities and the countries were contrasted in order to find out, not only if the differences or similarities had any influence of the e-learning readiness rankings, but also to see what could be done to make Thailand more successful in e-learning. The purpose of the study was to find out how a country best succeed with net universities and e-learning on a national level. The thesis is a qualitative study with interviews and documents used as the primary methods. Based on a previous study, a framework consisting of six components of an e-learning strategy was created and used throughout the study. The components included in the framework are: connectivity, capability, content, culture, technology advances and cluster. The thesis and the framework will hopefully be applicable and useful in other countries that wish to improve e-learning on a national level. The results of the study show that Thailand and the Thai net university need to make efforts to improve some of the e-learning components in order to become successful in e-learning and become higher ranked in the e-learning readiness scale. Since a high level of quality must be ensured within every component in order to succeed, it is necessary to consider all six components when developing an e-learning strategy.


In this paper, the floating dock is studied, first presented a mathematical model, and then systems is decoupled, and then explore the theoretical and simulate the floating dock control system by the mixed sensitivity control of the algorithm robust control. The simulation result indicates that the mixed sensitivity control has good system performance for the MIMO and the coupling system.


We asked if assessment of islet autoimmunity and β cell function in children at diabetes diagnosis is useful for prognosis, using the "Aβ" system, ["A" representing autoimmunity (A+ = ≥1 autoantibody; A- = no antibodies), "β" representing β cell function (β+ = random serum C-peptide ≥0.6 ng/mL; β- = C-peptide <0.6 ng/mL)]. We followed β cell function longitudinally with 2h post-prandial urinary C-peptide-creatinine ratio (UCPCR) at 3-12 wk (V1) and 6-12 m (V2). We compared clinical characteristics, glycemia and β cell function at baseline and clinical outcomes at V2 between the groups. The cohort (n=74) was 50% female, 76% White, 22% non-Hispanic Black, 2% Other, 47% Hispanic. Median age (25p-75p) was 12.6 (8.5-14.6) years, median BMI 70.7 (16.7-96.1) %ile. Phenotypic frequencies were A+β- (36.5%), A-β+ (29.7%), A+β+ (31.1%) and A-β- (2.7%). Baseline serum C-peptide correlated with UCPCR at V1 (r=0.37, p=0.03). Adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI, UCPCR at V2 was higher in A-β+ than A+β- (β=1.18, 95% CI:0.31-2.07, p=0.009). Fully 36% of A-β+ but none of A+β+ and A+β- were insulin-independent at V2 (p<0.001). The remaining results are shown in Table 1. The A-β+ phenotype at diagnosis predicts sustained β cell function and potential insulin-independence after 6-12 months. Random serum C-peptide at diagnosis correlates with 2h post-prandial UCPCR at 3-12 weeks.

 M.Tosur: Advisory Panel; Provention Bio, Inc. A.Balasubramanyam: None. X.C.Huang: None. S.Deen: None. S.Uysal: None. M.Astudillo: None. W.Hagopian: Research Support; Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Provention Bio, Inc., Randox R & D. R.A.Oram: Consultant; Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Research Support; Randox R & D. F.Jahoor: None. M.J.Redondo: None.

 Texas Children's Hospital (to M.T.); Rutherford Fund (to A.B.); National Institutes of Health (K23DK129821 to M.T.)


f' OP,ti1l1;11 cl:sign. tec}1~iques h~~ye h(>~en extensively ~r:pIied to strl:ctl~raI ;lesig? in case or one objectIve iunctIon. 1 hey have hardly been nsc·d ,nth several ObjectIve runetlOns. In this p,-lner ~he Innltic:ritprinn optin1izntion of reinforc::d concrete fralnes is considered and the n111ne~icnl Illeth0d for det('rn1iIli~1g: the Pareto opti!llal set of the problem is pre~ented. The criteria to be minimized are the weight of the frame. the yolumc of reinforcement for the structure and in certain cases the stabilit;': criteria. The solution is based 011 the veetor optilnization theory.


Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a software interface between an operating system and platform firmware designed to replace a traditional BIOS. In general, UEFI has many technical advantages over BIOS (pre-OS environment, boot and run-time services, CPU-independent drivers etc.) including also powerful security mechanisms (e.g. secure boot, update, etc.). They are aimed to provide platform integrity, be root of trust of security architecture, control all stages of boot process until it pass control to authenticated OS kernel. From the other side UEFI technology is the focus of many new potential threats and exploits and presents new vulnerabilities that must be managed. The main goal of this research is to provide analysis of the UEFI security issues, find the point and source of the security problems and classify them. The paper describes the architectural and implementation troubles of UEFI which lead to threats, vulnerabilities and attacks. It also includes extensive review of the previous research activities in this area and the results of our own experiments. As the result of the work some recommendation about how to make this young technology more safe and secure are provided.


During the last several years, percutaneous catheterization procedures in the biliany tree, urinary tract, and abscesses have become routine procedures in most radiology departments. Most depend on the exchange of catheters over a guide wire. Occasionally, the guide wine becomes unavailable, either locked in a catheter on withdrawn accidentally from the target. To protect against these misfortunes, we and others [1] have recently taken to placing two guide wires in the target. The principle of the method to be described was conceived during a simple catheter guide-wine exchange of a Cope loop biliary drainage catheter [2], where the guide wire became locked (frozen) in the catheter. A snare catheter was used to place a second guide wine into the target, thereby maintaining the drainage tract. Subsequently, this method also has been used for routine placement of the second guide wire in manipulative procedures many times before catheters are exchanged.


Gatehouse (Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Acoust., B2‐7, 1986) compared free‐field masked and unmasked thresholds (two‐alternative forced‐choice procedure) with a WN masker fixed at 0° while 5 tonal probes were delivered from 11 frontal plane positions. Masking was not necessarily greatest for masker‐signal coincidence but varied with frequency and signal position. For 1.0‐ and 2.5‐ kHz signals, detectability was best and approximately equal at 0° and + 90°, while for the others (0.25, 0.5, and 4.0 kHz) there were generally lower thresholds as signal and masker separated. The task was repeated now with 0.5‐, 1.0‐, and 2.0‐kHz probes and the masker set at 0° and + 45°. Again, free‐field masking varied with both signal position and frequency, and best and least detection was not solely determined by azimuthal separation of the masker and signal. On average, masking level differences were approximately 24.0 dB for 0.5‐, 11.5 dB for 1.0‐, and 13.5 dB for 2.0‐kHz signals. The apparent differences between earphone‐deri...


The necessity of examining interaction of Greek law and EU law for Ukraine is extremely evident within the framework of those complicated and new tasks faced by Ukrainian society. The adoption of the positive experience of the Greek Republic should contribute to these problems' solving. Ukraine as well as Greece with due regard to geographical and historical criteria is a state having the European religion, culture and traditions. Correspondingly integration into European Area is an entirely natural object. Moreover having proclaimed itself an independent state Ukraine acknowledged the formation of rule of law based on global and European democratic values to be its strategic goal. In this respect the EU is an outstanding pattern of democracy, economic prosperity of people and political stability. Therefore Ukrainian striving for accession to this Union in particular is entirely logical and justified. The dialectical development of the civilization proves that an increasing number of states get a deeper understanding of the necessity of partaking in integration processes. Ukraine shouldn't remain isolated all the more so the state's accession to the EU will strengthen its statehood, national security, traditions, language and culture. At the same time the pragmatic value of this accession may result in increase of foreign investments as the state economic development constituent. Greece set a perfect example for crisis ramifications in Europe. Functioning stability of the state itself as well as the EU was at risk. The crisis pointed out an acute need for a substantial strengthening of national and law state positions, improvement of the quality of national legislation which will be able to withstand similar economic strokes. It's evident that such objectives become questions of the present interest for Ukraine


A consistently expanding number of clients should need to stock their information in servers that are public close by the quick headway of cloud computing. Novel security issues must be grasped remembering the true objective to empower more number of customers to process their information in broad daylight. Exactly when the user is confined to get to PCS, then they will assign its intermediary to process their information and transfer them. However remote information trustworthiness inspection is in like manner a basic security issue in broad daylight distributed storing. This impacts the clients to examine in case their outsourced data are held in reserve, set up without copying the complete data. In the previous paper Diffie Hellman algorithm is replaced with elliptic curve cryptography based key exchange algorithm. To compete with Diffie Hellman the algorithm is not so secure. As of the safety complications, we suggest a different midway settled information transporting and remote data dependability inspection prototype in character dependent open key cryptography :character based intermediary arranged information transferred what's more, remote data respectability checking transparently cloud (ID-ICBP) with Tate pairings which is better when compared to Diffie Hellman.. We provide the formal description, structure model, and security show up. By at that point, a solid ID-ICBP custom is completed utilizing the bilinear pairings. The suggested ID-ICBP convention is provably protected in context of the hardness of computational Diffie– Hellman issue. Our ID-ICBP custom is in like way convincing and adaptable. In light of the intriguing customer's support, the suggested ID-ICBP convention can recognize private remote information uprightness checking, appointed remote information respectability checking, and open remote information uprightness checking.


Due to global climate change, the past decade has been the warmest for Germany since the beginning of climate records. Not only air temperature but also precipitation patterns are changing and therefore influencing the hydrologic cycle. This will certainly influence the chemical status of ground- and surface water bodies as mobilization, dilution and chemical reactions of contaminants are altered. However, it is uncertain if those alterations will impact water quality for better or worse and how they occur spatially. Since water management in Europe is handled at the regional scale, we suggest that an investigation is needed at the same scale to capture and quantify the different responses of the chemical status of water bodies to climate change and extreme weather conditions. In this study, we use open-access data to (1) quantify changes in temperature, precipitation, streamflow and groundwater levels for the past 40 - 60 years and (2) assess their impacts on nutrient concentrations in surface- and groundwater bodies. To disentangle management from climate effects we pay special attention to extreme weather conditions in the past decade. Referring to the Water Framework Directive, we chose the river basin district Elbe as our area of interest. Preliminary results indicate that especially the nitrate concentrations in surface water bodies of the Elbe catchment were positively affected in the last two years, while no significant impact on nitrate levels in shallow groundwater bodies was witnessed. However, many wells showed the first significant increase in water table depth in both years since 1985, raising the question of how fast groundwater-surface water interactions will change in the next years.


A method for solving the single-particle Schrooinger equation with an oblate spheroidal potential of finite depth is presented. The wave functions are then used to calculate the matrix element T. h"h ~ w 1c appears in theories of nonadiabatic electron transfer. The results illustrate the effects of mutual orientation and separation of the two centers on T BA. Trends in these results are discussed in terms of geometrical and nodal structure effects. Analytical expressions related to TBA for states of spherical wells are presented and used to analyze the nodal structure effects for T. for h h . BA t e sp ermdal wells.


The invention provides a drive method for a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display apparatus. The method includes: a control chip simultaneously outputs a first gating signal of a first level, a second gating signal of the first level and a third gating signal of the first level, to enable the conduction of the first transistor, the second transistor and the third transistor connected between buffers and corresponding pixel rows; each buffer outputs a pre-charge voltage signal, and charges each sub-pixel unit within each pixel row to the pre-charge voltage, wherein the pre-charge voltage is defined as any voltage value within a preset fluctuation range which centers around an average value of positive pixel voltage and negative pixel voltage corresponding to the same grey level and luminescence of the sub-pixel units. In addition, the invention also provides a liquid crystal display apparatus. The liquid crystal display panel drive method can effectively lower energy consumption of the liquid crystal displayapparatus.


This article discusses the concept of school relations with the community, the principles and techniques of the Husemas, the Husemas process and the role of the teacher


To understand the existence, difficulties, problems and development trends of clinical teacher teaching, and to explore the strategies and applications of clinical nursing teachers' professional growth and management, through literature research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews and other methods are applied to conduct, collect and analyze relevant data in a planned and systematic manner. Through the investigation of the teaching ability of clinical nursing teachers by experts and students, the problems in the professional growth of clinical nursing teachers are found. A comprehensive model for the professional development and training management of clinical nursing teachers is established to seek ways and methods to improve the quality and level of clinical nursing teachers.


Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has become one of the public health's biggest challenges. Dengue fever is transmitted through the Aedes Aegpty mosquito. One of the factors that can affect to dengue fever cases is climate factors. The climate change can make the number of dengue fever cases significantly increase. Therefore, the aims of this research are modeling and forecasting dengue fever cases by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) model with outlier factor. ADL model is a model in time series which not only include time dependencies among itself, but also there are some other things that affect, which can be expressed as a predictor variable. Its model combines the present and past values of the dependent and independent variables. The observation that has different characteristics from other data is called outlier. The presence of an outlier has a certain meaning, which explanation can be lost if the outlier is removed. There are two special cases from types of outliers, Innovative Outlier (IO) and Additive Outlier (AO). The iterative procedure in detecting outliers in ADL model was introduced in this research. Therefore, the data containing outliers is neither deleted nor ignored, but still involves the outlier data by adding an outlier factor to the ADL model. The power of the procedure in detecting outliers are investigated by simulation experiments. The results are an ADL model with outlier factor that are free from outlier data and the predicted result of the number of dengue fever cases in the next two months.


Once or method treatment of bacterial infections in rifalazil is administered twice a week a week. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex, infections caused by infection and Helicobacter pylori caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, 1 times a week to a patient suffering from a bacterial infection or a week 2 times, a method of treating by administering rifalazil 1 to 100 mg. In this dose regimen, the treatment is fast and effective, and is observed in a daily dose of rifalazil 1 to 50 mg, eliminating undesirable secondary symptoms.


One of the significant poetic characteristics of Ali Ahmad Said Esber, Adonis, regarded as the contemporary classic of Arabic poetry and thought, is the persistence on continuous transformation. This poetic principle is discussed and interpreted within complex imagery of the semantic pillar of Adonis' poetry which is the myth of Tammuz. Adonis initially presents the myth of Tammuz in a veristic manner. However it is used only to deploy a continuous process of poetic semiosis in which the original myth will be variously (re)constructed, (re)contextualized and re-actualized. The result of this endeavour will be huge poetic value that will significantly mark the contemporary Arabic poetry as a whole.


With improvement in the level of technology, there are many means of managing the energy consumption of a building. One such way is through the application of Internet of Things, in which our required needs can be controlled smartly and met through cloud interface-based systems. The energy demand is increasing sharply with higher dependency on sophisticated electrical devices rendering human survivability and comfort. In addition to the use of alternative sources of energy, employment of intelligent method of reducing energy consumption can be deduced and can be applied to buildings. In this paper, an intelligent load control method using a microcontroller integrated with a temperature sensor and a cloud platform called ThingSpeak is proposed. Time varying data from the temperature and humidity sensor can be easily monitored and accessed from anywhere across the globe as it is retrieved from a cloud-based software. Conversion of ordinary homes into smart homes can be realised with the proposed methodology.


Since their first production application in Sweden in 1995, water-powered, downthe-hole hammers (WDTH) have been used throughout the world in many different drilling applications, total lines, over 25 million lineal meters of drill hole. This paper reviews the history and principles of down-the-hole drilling (DTH) in general with both air and water, before focusing on the details of WDTH hammers. A summary of the numerous and considerable advantages of WDTH drilling is provided, with particular emphasis on their superior productivity, smaller deviation, applicability in sensitive/urban conditions, environmental protection and much reduced energy requirements. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON PRODUCTION DRILLING METHODS Air-flushed drilling with top hammers began in the mining industry in Sweden in 1873, while down-the-hole (DTH) drills, again with air flush (and activation) became operational in 1950. During that same time interval, Simon Ingersoll had patented the first steam-powered, top hammer rock drill to provide higher productivity in blast hole drilling. It is well known that water, as an activating, flushing and cooling medium, has many significant advantages over the use of air. However, it was not until 1973 that top hammer systems (either air or hydraulically activated) for larger rigs were adapted to the use of water flush, typically via "under the head" swivels. The concept of a water-powered, down-thehammer (WDTH) had been explored prior to G. Drill acquiring the original patent from Atlas Copco in 1988. LKAB, a huge underground mining company owned by the Swedish Government and providing about 90% of the European Union's iron ore, purchased G. Drill in 1991 and encouraged the commercial development of the WDTH. The first full-scale WDTH production works were carried out for LKAB in 1995, since when over 25 million lineal meters of drilling have been recorded in both underground and surface applications. In 2001, G-Drill was renamed Wassara, which today still holds the worldwide patents for WDTH technology. Regarding North American usage, the first significant application was by Advanced Construction Techniques (ACT) Ltd. during the test grouting program conducted for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at McCook Reservoir, Chicago, in 2002. Since then, WDTH has become the tool of choice for specialty drilling and grouting contractors on dams and other major structures throughout the U.S. Other DTH variants have been developed over the last 15 years or so, and are based on air activation and flush. These are described in Weaver and Bruce (2007) and include: Reverse circulation (air) Dual-fluid system (using air as the activator but permitting water flush also) However, the purpose of this paper is to focus on WDTH technology, and to compare it, wherever appropriate, with corresponding direct air flush, conventional DTH systems. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO AIRPOWERED, DOWN-THE-HOLE HAMMER DRILLING (DTH) For production hole drilling, there are fundamentally three basic methods, as illustrated in Figure 1: rotary, rotary percussive top drive (top hammer), and rotary percussive down-the-hole hammering (DTH). An elderly but still useful application chart was produced by McGregor (1967) and is reproduced in


To conserve system bandwidth, demand assigned multiple access (DAMA) systems are employed in the provision of voice services so that satellite channels are assigned only to those users engaged in calls. The conventional blocked-calls-dropped service discipline is appropriate to mobile telephone service in which performance is measured in terms of call-blocking probability. However, due to the unique traffic characteristics of mobile radio service, processing of batched calls using the blocked-cells-queued service discipline was found to be more advantageous. In the latter case, performance is measured in terms of call setup delay. Traffic engineering strategies are geared to a shared channel pool instead of two distinct fixed-size pools for each respective service. Shared-pool strategies promise better resource utilization by exploiting statistical fluctuations in traffic levels.<<ETX>>


An oxovanadium compound obtained from VO(OEt)Cl2 and AgOTf or MesSiOTf efficiently induced dehydrogenative aromatization of α,β-unsaturated cyclohexenones to give aryl ethyl ethers in good yields.


SUMMARY Electromagnetic fluctuations in the ocean have external sources like ionospheric‐ magnetospheric current systems, and purely internal oceanic sources associated with interaction between water velocity fields and the geomagnetic field, that is, the motionally induced voltage (MIV). During the last decade techniques based on MIV have proven to provide reliable information when applied to the flow monitoring at large oceanic channels. In this paper analysis of data resulting from the implementation of these techniques in a small-scale system, that is, the Ria de Aveiro lagoon (Portugal), is presented. A submarine cable crossing the channel at the entrance of the lagoon (Barra channel) allows the measurement of the potential difference between two electrodes located on both sides of the channel. Spectral analysis of these data reveals that measured voltages are dominated by semidiurnal M2 ,S 2/K2 frequencies. Comparison between the sum of the four main constituents determined by harmonic analysis and the sea surface elevation measured at a tide gauge located at the lagoon mouth reveal that the measured potential difference is proportional to the water flow. To estimate the water flow in this location from the MIV measurements the data collected using this methodology were compared with numerical results obtained from a previously calibrated hydrodynamic model. A value of 720 m 3 s −1 mV −1 was estimated for the coefficient relating voltage and water transport at Barra. Taking this value into account a sediment layer of about 20 m is estimated, at Barra. The results show that it is possible to indirectly measure the water transport (by tidal and residual flows) through the channel by measuring the differences of electrical potential. This demonstrates the applicability of the MIV method to a small-scale system.


The (driven) Rabi model, together with its two-mode, two-photon, and asymmetric generalizations, are exotic examples of quasi-exactly solvable models in that a corresponding 2nd order ordinary differential equation (ODE) ${\cal L}\psi=0$ with polynomial coefficients (i) is not Fuchsian one and (ii) the differential operator ${\cal L}$ comprises energy E dependent terms $\sim Ez d_z$, $Ez$, $E^2$. When recast into a Schr\"odinger equation (SE) form with the first derivative term being eliminated and the coefficient of $d_x^2$ set to one, such an equation is characterized by a nontrivially energy dependent potential. The concept of a gradation slicing is introduced to analyze polynomial solutions of such equations. It is shown that the ODE of all the above Rabi models are characterized by the same unique set of grading parameters. General necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a polynomial solution are formulated. Unlike standard eigenvalue problems, the condition that ${\cal L}$ is an element of the enveloping algebra $\mathcal U(sl_2)$ does not guarantee existence of a polynomial solution, because any such a solution has to be a zero mode of ${\cal L}$ in an invariant $sl_2$ module. When one considers a coupling strength g of the Rabi model as a free parameter, the condition ${\cal L}\in\mathcal U(sl_2)$ forces energy to a nth baseline, $n\ge 0$. However, on the nth continuous baseline there could be at most only n different isolated points where the Rabi model has a polynomial solution and any point on the baseline corresponds to a different ${\cal L}\in\mathcal U(sl_2)$. The condition for ${\cal L}\in\mathcal U(sl_2)$ is shown to merely coincide with the necessary condition for the existence of a polynomial solution of ${\cal L}\psi=0$. The gradation slicing concept enables one an efficient and convenient book keeping also in the Frobenius analysis.


The Schmidtsdrift Formation (Transvaal Dolomite) is a Lower Proterozoic stromatolite-bearing carbonate unit. A good succession of columnar stromatolites occurs along the Boetsap River (Northern Cape Province). Using the method of serial sections to draw the gross morphology of columns and following the actual classification based on a succession of different characters, many new groups and forms have been found : Topinomhuura insulata is a bulbous column with wart-like projections spreading out everywhere on the smooth surface. Radiaiina isotropa presents closely packed radiating columns forming compact bioherms. The small rhythmically superposed columns of Tibia cristata, Tibia plu11U1La and Sapinia jucoides offer tiny bushy columns with a constant crestal rone, a very unusual feature, giving an angular ,shape to the laminae. Some of the stromatolites belong to previously described groups, from the same area as Katemia africana or Katernia perlina new form, which present true bushy columns forming thin biostromes; or, from other parts of the world, as Pilbaria boetsapia and Pilbaria inz.eriajarmis, two new forms, attributed to a Lower Proteroroic group described in Australia. Besides description of morphologies and mode of occurrences, detailed studies of lamina microstructures have been carried out. Very interesting fabrics have been described but, until now, no true organic remains (cells) have been found . The conclusions emphasize the importance of detailed systematic description of stromatolites in order to make a biostratigraphical model of the Lower Proteroroic and to clear up confusions with Upper Proteroroic stromatolites which also present varied assemblages of ramified stromatolites. INTRODUCfION ...... . SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Waterfall 4 ....... . Group Topinamboura gr. nov. Tapinamboura insulata f. nov. Waterfall 3 ..... . Group Radiatina gr. nov. Radiatina isotropa f. nov. Group Katernia Cloud-Semikhatov Katernia afticana Cloud-Semikhatov Katernia perli.na f. nov. Group Pilbaria Walter Pilbaria boetsapia f. nov. Flat between waterfalls 3 and 2 Group Tibia gr. nov. Tibia cristata f. nov. Tibia plumata f. nov. Group Sapinia gr. nov. Sapinia focoides f. nov.


Context. Galaxy clusters represent valuable cosmological probes using tests that mainly rely on measurements of cluster masses and baryon fractions. X-ray observations represent one of the main tools for uncovering these quantities. Aims. We aim to constrain the cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8 using the observed distribution of the both values of the concentrations and dark mass within R200 and of the gas mass fraction within R500. Methods. We applied two different techniques to recover the profiles the gas and dark mass, described according to the Navarro, Frenk & White (1997, ApJ, 490, 493) functional form, of a sample of 44 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton in the redshift range 0.1−0.3. We made use of the spatially resolved spectroscopic data and of the PSF–deconvolved surface brightness and assumed that hydrostatic equilibrium holds between the intracluster medium and the gravitational potential. We evaluated several systematic uncertainties that affect our reconstruction of the X-ray masses. Results. We measured the concentration c200, the dark mass M200 and the gas mass fraction in all the objects of our sample, providing the largest dataset of mass parameters for galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.1−0.3. We confirm that a tight correlation between c200 and M200 is present and in good agreement with the predictions from numerical simulations and previous observations. When we consider a subsample of relaxed clusters that host a low entropy core, we measure a flatter c − M relation with a total scatter that is lower by 40 per cent. We conclude, however, that the slope of the c − M relation cannot be reliably determined from the fitting over a narrow mass range as the one considered in the present work. From the distribution of the estimates of c200 and M200, with associated statistical (15–25%) and systematic (5–15%) errors, we used the predicted values from semi-analytic prescriptions calibrated through N-body numerical runs and obtain σ8 Ω 0.60±0.03 m = 0.45 ± 0.01 (at 2σ level, statistical only) for the subsample of the clusters where the mass reconstruction has been obtained more robustly and σ8 Ω 0.56±0.04 m = 0.39 ± 0.02 for the subsample of the 11 more relaxed LEC objects. With the further constraint from the gas mass fraction distribution in our sample, we break the degeneracy in the σ8 − Ωm plane and obtain the best-fit values σ8 ≈ 1.0 ± 0. 2( 0.83 ± 0.1 when the subsample of the more relaxed objects is considered) and Ωm = 0.26 ± 0.02. Conclusions. Analysis of the distribution of the c200 − M200 − fgas values represents a mature and competitive technique in the present era of precision cosmology, even though it needs more detailed analysis of the output of larger sets of cosmological numerical simulations to provide definitive and robust results.


The socialist theory with Chinese characteristics is innovated by generations of members from the Communist Party of China in a long-term exploration,whose developing nature,practical essence and Chinese characteristics decide the openness of this theoretical system.


Iran is located in a seismic prone region along Alpine-Himalaya Orogenic belt. Along two main mountain ranges of Alborz and Zagros in the country (in north and west parts of Iran, respectively) several active faults exist, that are the roots of many destructive earthquakes occurred during the recent decades. Most of these events were associated with some types of landslides and rock-falls, due to topography of the affected regions. In this paper, having a look on the causes and impacts of these earthquakes, different types of the slope instabilities observed or reported after each event will be introduced and discussed. In addition, the impacts of landslides on post-earthquake activities such as emergency response and reconstruction of the damaged areas will be presented. Finally having a look on socio-economic impacts of these geological instabilities, some recommendations will be presented to be applied for reducing the impacts of those hazards that can be applied in Iran and other countries facing similar challenges. Journées Nationales de Géotechnique et de Géologie de l'Ingénieur JNGG2014 – Beauvais 8-10 juillet 2014


An adaptive SRAM architecture that can dynamically detect and correct read and write failures is discussed. The proposed method detects the failures, extends the failing cycles and subsequently corrects those. Data in the failing clock cycle are discarded and are made available in the subsequent cycle, if the failure is corrected. To detect write failures an adaptive write technique based on dummy write column is used. While for the read failures, the proposed read technique uses two non-identical sense amplifiers. We could achieve a Vmin lowering of 180mV for a 90nm ultra low power, high density 6T CMOS SRAM with less than 0.1 percent impact on throughput. This has been achieved without using assist-circuits or ECC. Area overhead is 3 percent for a 128Kb memory instance.


This text of general pathology aims to provide a basis for understanding human disease. Dr. McManus concentrates on morphology and, to a lesser extent, biochemistry. Certainly, morphological methods are most helpful in studying some diseases, but others are better understood by the methods of physiology, immunology, or the clinical metabolic laboratory. This volume is most successful where morphological approaches shed most light on the disease, least successful when they do not. The first section gives an excellent description of pathology at the cellular level. The chapter on cell structure and function is done particularly well. Descriptions and illustrations seem clear, well edited, and appropriate to student needs. Equally good is the chapter on differentiation, metaplasia, and neoplasia. The section on experimental carcinogenesis, particularly the biochemical changes, could have been expanded considerably. In discussing "degenerations," the author defines the term as "catabolic alterations which are reversible and do not lead consistently


The Munich Simulation Computer (MuSiC), a special-purpose, highly-parallel programmable machine, is an approach to transfer concepts (developed for data flow computers) to fast, mixed-design-level simulation of digital systems. To gain high performance, however, the operation principles is modified from data flow computation to event flow computation. This paper presents the event flow computation scheme and its implementation by the MUSIC organisation. Parameters, which influence performance, are discussed and it is shown that MuSiC can simulate more than 8 million gates and flipflops at a speed of up to some billion events per second.


The precise measure of the W boson mass is an essential input to a crucial test of the overall consistency of the Standard Model, whose failure might reveal the emergence of new physics. With millions of W bosons expected, future experiments will be W boson factories allowing the measurement of the W mass with unparalleled precision. The W mass measurement is discussed in the context of two experiments: the upgrade of CMS at the LHC, the HL-LHC, with a new endcap calorimeter, the HGCal, and a detector for the FCC-ee, a circular post-LHC project. In proton-proton collisions, the precise measurement of the W mass relies on a precise measurement of the hadronic recoil. Its accurate measurement mainly depends on its definition model and detector effects. The recoil definition is improved with machine learning techniques, using a multivariate quantile regression. The effects of the HGCal granularity, acceptance and resolution on the recoil reconstruction are evaluated. This study gives an estimate of the precision that might be reached on the W mass measurement at HL-LHC. Before evaluating the effect of the detector performance on the recoil, the full geometry and parameters had to be tuned and optimised. An accurate fast simulation tool, complement to the full CMS simulation, implemented to undertake such a study, is presented. In electron-positron collisions, the W mass can be determined from the W-pair decay products. The statistical uncertainties on the W mass and width are estimated using a kinematic fit technique in the hadronic and semi-leptonic channels at 162.6 GeV, 240 GeV and 365 GeV. Reaching a statistical precision below the MeV/c² level at all energies for both channels, the W mass measurement becomes limited by the systematic uncertainties. A treatment to reduce the systematic uncertainty coming from QCD effects, the largest source of systematic uncertainty at LEP, and its impact on the statistical uncertainty are also studied.


The proton magnetic resonance spectra of solutions of phenol with various organic bases, employing carbon tetrachloride or dichloromethane as the solvent, were observed at 34.5 and –60°C respectively. The chemical shifts of the hydroxyl proton resonances of the 1 : 1 phenol + base hydrogen-bond complexes were measured. Corrections for the magnetic anisotropy of neighbouring groups, due to the donor base, were made to the chemical shift of the hydrogen-bonded phenolic proton. A linear correlation was shown to exist between the measured chemical shift and the dissociation constant of the organic base in aqueous solution. The correlation coefficients obtained as a result of the studies made at the two temperatures were increased by correcting for the anisotropy contribution to the chemical shift.


This dissertation presents new greedy algorithms to construct covering arrays, mixed-level covering arrays, and e-biased covering arrays. The work on these algorithms is motivated by the application of software interaction testing.
Software systems today are complex and have numerous configurations. Exhaustive testing is often not possible due to limited testing resources. Software interaction testing complements current software testing methods with economical sized test suites that cover all t-way interactions. Covering arrays can represent these test suites.
Numerous methods exist to automatically construct covering arrays. This dissertation summarizes pre-existing methods and then advances "one-row-at-a-time" greedy algorithms. "One-row-at-a-time" greedy methods are the focus of this research because they are relatively quick and accurate, while providing flexibility for seeding, soft constraints, and prioritization.
Three new research contributions are presented. First, the Deterministic Density Algorithm (DDA) is introduced. It is the only greedy algorithm that generates covering arrays with a theoretical guarantee on the size of solutions. The guarantee does not hinder the competitiveness of the method in practice; computational results show that DDA often provides competitive, or better, solutions than other algorithms in its class.
Second, instead of developing yet another greedy algorithm, a framework for all "one-row-at-a-time" greedy algorithms is introduced. The framework provides a mechanism for developers to rapidly evaluate new algorithms of this type with statistical feedback. A large experiment is presented with several thousand instantiations of the framework. The data from this experiment serves as a repository that future developers can gain insight from. In addition, hybrid approaches of these algorithms combined with algebraic, heuristic search, and vertical-growth greedy algorithms are explored.
Finally, additional practical considerations of software interaction testing are introduced: prioritization, hard constraints, and soft constraints. An e-biased covering array is used to represent test suites that adhere to prioritization and soft constraints. Priorities for the importance of covering interactions are modeled with weights, -1.0<ω<1.0. The higher the weight associated with an interaction, the more desirable it is to include early in the test suite. On the contrary, a negative weight indicates a soft constraint, an interaction that is less desirable to include in a test suite. A new algorithm utilizes a simple heuristic with the primary goal of covering as much weight as possible, as early as possible, and avoiding negatively weighted interactions. Experimental results show the method to be effective.


Starting from the future development trend in tourism scenic area in China,the relative advantages of small-scale scenic area were deeply analyzed,and the operation and management strategies for small-scale scenic area were explored,so as to solve existing and development problems of those scenic areas,and promote harmonious development of tourism scenic area market.


The distinct coherent scattering cross-sections for deuterated ethylene (C2D4) at 11·5 bar and 0·00911 mol A-3, for deuterated ethane (C2D6) at 9·5 bar and 0·00996 mol A-3 and for carbon dioxide (CO2) at 8·5 bar and 0·01597 mol A-3 in their liquid phases have been obtained at 220K. These functions have been successfully separated into their intra and intermolecular contributions. The molecular structure of each liquid has been compared with the corresponding intramolecular configuration in both the solid and the gas phases. Intermolecular structure functions, i m (Q), which contain information about intermolecular correlations, have been extracted. For CO2(l), the results have been compared with those obtained from molecular dynamic simulations and a reference interaction site model. The intermolecular potential proposed by Bohm et al. gives a good representation of CO2 liquid near the triple point. However orientational correlations between neighbouring molecules near the triple point, which disappear wi...


The electron donor-acceptor (EDA) association constants for the reaction of poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) samples, prepared under three conditions respectively, or their model compound, N-ethenylcarbazole (NECA), as a donor, and polynitrofluorenone as an acceptor and the molar absorption coefficients of their products have been determined. By analysis of 1H NMR of PVK quantitatively, the isotactic sequence's percentage X1 is estimated. The association constants K may be given by K=K1X1+K2X2, where the subscripts 1 and 2 denote the isotactic and syndiotactic sequence of the polymer respectively. From the principle of spectral analyses has been deduced the following relationship: Ke =K1X1e1 +K2X, e2, and estimated the values for K1, K2, e1 and e2 where e is the molar absorption coefficient.


This paper investigates the major points of the research on the directions for solving personnel problems in the implementation of the management accounting system at the enterprise. Pieces of evidence from Uzbekistan were stated in the conclusions of the  research.


Uncondit ionally secure bit commi tmen t and coin flipping are known to be impossible in the classical world. Bit commitment is known to be impossible also in the quan tum world. We introduce a related new primitive quantum bit escrow. In this primitive Alice commits to a bit b to Bob. The commi tment is bindingin the sense tha t if Alice is asked to reveal the bit, Alice can not bias her commi tmen t wi thout having a good probability of being detected cheating. The commitment is sealing in the sense tha t if Bob learns information about the encoded bit, then if later on he is asked to prove he was playing honestly, he is detected cheating with a good probability. Rigorously proving the correctness of quan tum cryptographic protocols has proved to be a difficult task. We develop techniques to prove quant i ta t ive s ta tements about the binding and sealing propert ies of the quan tum bit escrow protocol. A related primitive we construct is a quan tum biased coin flipping protocol where no player can control the game, i.e., even an all-powerful cheating player must lose with some constant probability, which stands in sharp contrast to the classical world where such protocols are impossible. *This research was supported in part by a U.C. president 's postdoctoral fellowship and NSF Grant CCR-9800024. *Supported in part by David Zuckerman's David and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering and NSF NYI Grant No. CCR-9457799. *This research was supported in part by NSF Grant CCR9800024, and a 3SEP grant. §This research was supported in part by D A R P A and NSF under CCR-9627819, by NSF under CCR-9820855, and by a Visiting Professorship sponsored by the Research Miller Inst i tute at Berkeley. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the lull citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. STOC 2000 Portland Oregon USA Copyright ACM 2000 1-58113-184-4/00/5...$5.00 General Terms Quan tum cryptography, bit commi tmen t Quan tum coin tossing, Quan tum


This work studied
the thermostability and the biostability of chlorophyll species obtained from
an extract of spinach leaves embedded in a silica xerogel matrix. The analysis
was done by monitoring the photosystem II (PSII) using fluorescence
spectroscopy. Samples were prepared using the sol gel method with a molar ratio
of ethanol/H2O/TEOS of 4:11.6:1. Then, silica xerogel matrix was
loaded with an extract of spinach leaves, obtained in dark conditions. The
measurement of the fluorescence spectra was done at selected temperatures to
the corresponding non-physiological regimen. Results indicate that the PSII
band position remains unchanged when heat treatment temperature increases up
200°C. For temperatures above 100?C, the fluorescence intensity diminishes
linearly when the temperature increases. The photosystem II embedded in silica
xerogel matrix is decomposed at temperatures above 200°C.


Introduction and objectives Empyema is a relatively rare but severe form of respiratory infection in childhood associated with significant morbidity. A decade long prospective observational study of paediatric empyema – the UK-ESPE study – completed recruitment in April 2016. This preliminary analysis focused on identification of predictors of primary treatment failure. Methods Data were available from 23 UK centres on 542 patients aged 0–16 years, admitted between December 2006 to December 2015, who were diagnosed with empyema and required pleural drainage. A standard logistic regression approach was used to evaluate the influence of age, sex, pre-hospital illness length, total illness length, time from admission to pleural drainage, length of pleural drainage, length of hospital stay, primary treatment modality and co-morbidity on the risk of primary treatment failure. Variables were investigated using univariate analysis and those that were significant were included in a multivariate model. Stepwise removal was then used to generate a parsimonious final multivariate model. The primary outcome measure was treatment failure as defined by a second procedure carried out >24 hours after the primary pleural drainage procedure. Results The study group was 56% male, median age was 4 years (IQR 2–7). Recorded pre-hospital illness length was a median of 7 days (IQR 4–10) and total hospital length of stay 12 days (IQR 9–16). 34.7% of children had a co-morbidity recorded. Baseline characteristics were similar in children who did (n = 37) or did not fail (n = 505) primary treatment. There was substantial variation in the choice of primary treatment; chest drainage alone (20.1%), chest drainage with fibrinolytics (58.4%), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (12.1%), decortication (8.9%) and other treatments (0.3%). Treatment failure occurred in 6.9% of children and no demographic factor was found to influence treatment failure. The only significant predictor of treatment failure was primary method of treatment (Table). The relative risk of treatment failure was highest in children who received chest drainage alone (OR = 3.04 (95% CI: 1.47–6.27)). Conclusions In this large cohort no predictors of treatment failure other than primary treatment modality were identified and those who had chest drainage alone had the highest risk of failure. Abstract S114 Table 1 Parsimonious multivariate model of potential predictors of treatment failure Covariant OR 95% CI P value Drainage and fibrinolysis Standard for comparison Drainage alone 3.04 1.47–6.27 0.003* Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery 1.14 0.32–3.20 0.821 Decortication 1.53 X 10–7 N/A1 0.987 Other procedure 1.53 X 10–7 N/A1 0.987 OR = Odds ratio CI = Confidence interval *p-value > 0.05 1N/A 95% CI values were too small to compute


Perioperative neurological complications can be a result of anesthesia or surgical procedures. Both surgery and anesthesia increases the risk of neurological sequelae due to ischemia, hemorrhage, hypoxia, or metabolic disorder (Table 1). The impact can be devastating, leading to morbidity, increased length of stay, impaired quality of life, and mortality. During anesthesia, there is no standard monitoring for the neurological system compared with other organs (eg, electrocardiograph and blood pressure for the cardiovascular system, pulse oximetry, and capnography for the respiratory system). When patients present with neurological signs and symptoms perioperatively, early assessment and imaging is needed to facilitate prompt diagnosis and management. This article will provide an overview of common neurological complications in the perioperative period. To cover details of all neurological emergencies will be beyond the scope of this article. We will focus on common emergencies in general surgery with a brief discussion of neurological complications in specific surgical populations. The common presentation of these complications will be explored, followed by the diagnosis and management of these pathologies.


Children reach conclusions about right and wrong not so much from what staff say, but from the examples they set and the atmosphere within the setting or school. Codes of behaviour and positive attitudes should be implicit in the learning environment. For example, the choice of books, toys and equipment should show the children that it is right for all people to be equally valued and respected.


516 Background: We assessed 10 menopausal symptoms at baseline and every 3 months during the first year of an ongoing randomized Phase III trial comparing relapse-free survival of postmenopausal women with receptor positive, early breast cancer treated with exemestane (an aromatase inactivator) or tamoxifen for 5 years.

METHODS
Symptoms were assessed by each patient as none, mild, moderate, or severe with more detail used to establish a "hot flash score". The median age of 997 evaluable pts was 65 years (range, 40-90). The symptoms were examined statistically by analysis of variance with repeated measurement design.

RESULTS
Vaginal dryness (p=0.0021) and bone/muscle aches (p<0.001) were worse in pts receiving exemestane while vaginal discharge was more common (p<0.001) in pts receiving tamoxifen. Most symptoms were mild or moderate and many pts recorded symptoms prior to the start of treatment (e.g. only 27% of pts recorded "none" for "low energy"). Based on the current sample size of 997 pts, there are no significant differences between the 2 treatments with respect to vaginal bleeding, mood alteration, impaired word finding, low energy, and hot flashes.

CONCLUSION
This analysis is based on review of 3740 forms and by the time of the ASCO meeting, an analysis based on >4500 forms will be presented. Supported by Pfizer, New York, NY, USA [Figure: see text] [Table: see text].


When lineages diverge in allopatry and come into secondary contact, we have a unique opportunity to examine the degree to which they have become reproductively isolated from one another and the mechanisms that contribute to rates of interspecific gene flow. If hybridization and introgression have occurred in the past or are ongoing, examining patterns of variation in differentially inherited genetic markers can provide insight into underlying mechanisms determining interspecific reproductive interactions. We investigated genetic variation in a recently discovered contact zone between two species of woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes and N. macrotis) in central coastal California. Previous studies have found evidence of historic hybridization between these species, but an active site of sympatry had yet to be discovered. Here, we describe the first known area of sympatry between the two species and present evidence of ongoing hybridization at this site. We intensively sampled throughout the narrow area of interspecific contact and continuously into the adjacent areas where each taxon existed largely in isolation of the other. We genotyped 851 individuals sampled in a single year at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the cytochrome b gene in a subset of these to examine patterns of introgression. We find that the area of sympatry is less than 1 km in length, but hybridization appeared to be fairly common, with 15% of the woodrats being of hybrid origin. At least some hybrids are fertile because introgression was evident. However, introgression appeared to be asymmetric with backcrosses toward N. macrotis being more common, a pattern we suspect is due in part to directional mate choice related to differential body size. This study adds to our growing understanding of the nature of species boundaries, especially between lineages that are far along the continuum towards speciation. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 162–172.


Deeply analyzed the conventional Genetic Algorithm and for its shortcomings in multi-dimensional optimization, an improved Genetic Algorithm is proposed. It makses some improvements on description of chromosome, genetic operators of crossover and mutation, design of fitness function, etc. The optimization results of some functions show that the algorithm has fine ability of global searching and speedy convergence.


The invention relates to a condiment with good taste and excellent mouthfeel, and especially relates to a condiment capable of dispersing wind, regulating qi, resolving phlegm and harmonizing stomach. The condiment can satisfy edible demand of people, and also the traditional Chinese medicine components in the condiment have the functions of eliminating cold-dampness, soothing liver, warming stomach and enhancing health. The condiment employs the following technical scheme that: the condiment capable of eliminating cold-dampness, soothing liver and warming stomach is prepared from the following components in percent by weight: 35-38 parts of table salt, 12-18 parts of monosodium glutamate, 0.5 part of disodium 5'-ribonucleotide, 0.1 part of white pepper powder, 13 parts of fine-particle white sugar, 5 parts of dewatered fresh meat powder, 3 parts of catnip powder, 6 parts of puffed rice flour, 0.2 part of ginger powder, 0.2 part of garlic powder, 4 parts of hydrolyzed vegetable protein powder and 8 parts of sarcodactylis powder. The beneficial effects comprise that: on the basis of basic tastes such as saline taste, delicate flavor, pungency and the like, the condiment also helps users to disperse wind, regulate qi, resolve phlegm and harmonize stomach, in other words, the condiment has the functions of both seasoning and health keeping.


The preparation of α,ω-hydroxy-telechelic poly(cyclohexene carbonate) from a dizinc catalyst is reported. The telechelic polymer, with an yttrium initiator, can be used to polymerize lactide, yielding new triblock copolymers, substantially derived from renewable resources.


The method of one kind of such materials coupled by friction stir welding. Two adjacent sections of material being locally heated, so that the temperature of each segment along the intersection of a discontinuous rise reaches a predetermined temperature level, the temperature level is below the melting point of the particular section by the heated material. Binding the discontinuous localized heating, friction stir welding along the intersection to form a solid binding.


Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) and the Shannon-Hartley channel capacity are metrics that help define the loss of known information while transferring data through a noisy channel. These metrics cannot be used for quantifying the opposite process: the harvesting of new information. Correlation functions and correlation coefficients do play an important role in collecting new information from noisy sources. However, Bershad and Rockmore [1974] based their formulas on contradictory a priori assumptions in Real-space and in Fourier-space. Their formulations were subsequently copied literally to the practical science of electron microscopy, where those a priori assumptions now distort most quality metrics in Cryo-EM. Cryo-EM became a great success in recent years [Wiley Award 2017; Nobel prize for Chemistry 2017] and became the method of choice for revealing structures of biological complexes like ribosomes, viruses, or corona-virus spikes, vitally important during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Those early misconceptions now interfere with the objective comparison of independently obtained results. We found that the roots of these problems significantly pre-date those 1970s publications and were already inherent in the original SNR definitions. We here propose novel metrics to assess the amount of information harvested in an experiment, information which is measured in bits. These new metrics assess the total amount of information collected on an object, as well as the information density distribution within that object. The new metrics can be applied everywhere where data is collected, processed, compressed, or compared. As an example, we compare the structures of two recently published SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. We also introduce new metrics for transducer-quality assessment in many sciences including: cryo-EM, biomedical imaging, microscopy, signal processing, photography, tomography, etc.


BACKGROUND AIM: Hyaluronan(HA), a kind of polysaccharide with high molecular weight, is present extensively in the mesenchyme of colon carcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of HA on proliferation, adhesion and invasion abilities of human colon carcinoma cell SW480 in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cultured SW480 cells were divided into three groups: control group (C): cultured with serum-free medium(SFM); HA1 and HA2 treatment groups: cultured with SFM containing different concentrations of HA (HA1: 10 μg/ml, HA2: 20 μg/ml). After some time, proliferation ability was examined by MTT assay and soft agar clone formation assay, while adhesive and invasive abilities were assessed by plate adhesion model and Boyden chamber transwell assay. RESULTS: Compared with that in C group,in HA1 and HA2 treatment groups, the number of proliferative cells,soft agar cell clone formation, cell adhesion on plate and septum permeation of Boyden chamber increased significantly in HA1 and HA2 treatment groups in a HA dose-dependent manner(P0.05). CONCLUSION: HA could enhance the proliferation, adhesion and invasion abilities of human colon carcinoma cell SW480 in vitro.


In this paper I focus on the relation between the amplification level and the (musical) function of that amplification. By establishing this relation as a subjective musical parameter I aim to open up the complexity of amplifying music


This edited book brings together in an organized framework, related new and emerging works on algorithms, protocols and applications on wireless networks and the wireless Internet. The chapters are written exclusively for this volume by the leading international researchers and professionals in this field. The material represents the state-of-the-art research and includes several seminal contributions. Featured is a myriad of valuable discussions of numerous relevant concepts, which examines the various approaches that define emerging mobile and wireless Internet technologies. Included are topics on: -Dynamic Configuration of Mobile Devices; -Security and Privacy of the PTP; -Soft Handoff Support; -Node Centric Hybrid Routing; -Resource Allocation; -Mobile Multicast; -TCP/IP and Wireless Networks; -Multipath Routing Protocols; -Mobility Predication for QoS Provisioning; -Handoff Rerouting Algorithms; -Seamless Mobility and IP Mobility Protocols; -Compaction Algorithms.


Appropriate methods are important when it comes to irrigation to ensure maximized yield from the field. Most often it is found that water is not man aged scientifically in Indian working environment when i t comes to farming leading to a huge wastage of this precious resource. Again sunlight which holds enorm ous potential cannot be properly utilized due to lack o f technology and design. The design we have made presented in this work takes care of both these asp ects. Firstly we framed a design where the solar panels w ill rotate about their axes positioning themselves in alignment with sunbeams so that the panels are expo sed to more sunlight increasing manifold the power outp uts. The second part of this model comprises a sensor ne twork meant to measure the moisture level of soil employi ng gypsum as the sensor. The sensor network senses the moisture content, sends it to a controller where a decision is made about water requirement of the field. If fo und affirmative, it runs a motor. Now the enterprising part of this model is that both rotation of panels and runn ing of motor will be driven by the power generated by the solar panels. Here it requires very efficient design requ irements and rigorous analytical calculation to make this en semble work. The results obtained from the prototype model show great congruence with the expected results. Th e prototype is ready and the next step lies in actual erection of such systems in real life farms and see it does it fare in actual scenario. Thus the effectiveness of the mode l is established experimentally.


This case comment considers three related first-instance decisions in which Canadian courts held that they could hold hearings in a location outside their home province. The comment questions the reasoning offered in support by the courts, both on the issue of their inherent jurisdiction to so hold hearings and on the issue of the open court principle. Two of these decisions were appealed to the provincial court of appeal and a further appeal is pending to the Supreme Court of Canada.


Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod is an extremely halotolerant unicellular eukaryotic alga whose salt tolerance is thought to be related to glycerol metabolism. However, the regulation of different genes and enzymes under high salt stress conditions has not yet been investigated. In this study, glycerol metabolism was characterized after establishing the optimum salt stress conditions for D. salina Y6. As the salinity in the medium changed from 1 M to 3 M, the glycerol content increased sharply for 1–3 h and then gradually reached its maximum level after 24 h of salt stress (a 2.3‐fold increase). Semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the transcription of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase gene was not affected by salt stress, whereas the transcriptions of the fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase gene, glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase genes‐2 and ‐3, and the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene initially increased and then declined. Furthermore, the magnitude of the decline was greater than that of the increase, particularly for the dihydroxyacetone reductase gene. Enzyme activity analysis showed that the activity of the glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase did not change significantly, whereas fructose‐1, 6‐diphosphate aldolase activity decreased to 63% and dihydroxyacetone reductase activity decreased to 31% after 24 h of salt stress. Therefore, we propose that while the regulation of salt for glycerol metabolism in D. salina is very complex, the reduced decomposition of glycerol helps its accumulation. Finally, we also propose that dihydroxyacetone reductase may be the key enzyme involved in the regulation of the glycerol metabolic pathway under salt stress conditions.


The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emphasize and intended to access and evaluate the impacts on the environment of any possible alternative and initiative in decision making process. In this paper, the biggest impact of oil spills in the history, which is the BP oil spill are discuss. The calculation especially calculate the oil spread by the average of wind and wave. The spread are effected while an oil spill in the water surface and expose to the environment. This exposure might evaporated to the air or maybe spread into the water flow and might be dissolved in the water it self. In making these calculation successfull, the main equation disscuss here are the dispersion model. This model cover all aspects of dispersion and its consequences while it is burst once at the atmosphere. Besides, in order to find the oil evaporation and its spreadable, the calculation have been made which is the same equation to calculate the SHELL spills before.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment had a very broad view of the meaning of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. Although they did not all agree about the precise definition of the rights of citizenship, they generally agreed that citizenship was a font of fundamental rights. That view was elegantly articulated by the author of the original version of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, Representative John Bingham of Ohio. Many scholars have considered the meaning of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of he Fourteenth Amendment. Less well recognized, however, is that the


The problem of mixed convection from horizontal surfaces in a porous medium saturated with a power-law-type non-Newtonian fluid is investigated. The transformed conservation laws are solved numerically for the case of variable wall heat flux conditions. Results for the details of the velocity and temperature fields as well as the Nusselt number have been presented. The viscosity index ranged from 0.5-1.5.