Fluconazole is a triazole compound with broad-spectrum antifungal activity; it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1990 for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis and mucosal and systemic candidiasis [1]. It has been used extensively in the United States and other countries to treat proven and suspected infection caused by Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans [2, 3] and as prophylaxis in neutropenic patients [4], recipients of bone marrow and solid organ transplants [5], and patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who are at high risk for invasive fungal disease [6]. Fluconazole has also been used with variable success to treat blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, and coccidioidomycosis [7-9]. Although fluconazole is used extensively, serious toxicity is rarely associated with the drug. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, rash, and mild elevation of liver function test results are the most commonly recognized adverse events [10]. In 1993, one of us noted several patients who developed alopecia while receiving fluconazole for blastomycosis as part of an NIAID Mycoses Study Group (MSG) protocol. We report on 33 persons who developed reversible alopecia temporally associated with extended fluconazole use. Methods Members of the MSG who had participated in fluconazole trials were surveyed by a brief questionnaire to determine whether they had recognized patients who had developed alopecia while receiving fluconazole. Twenty-six MSG members at different sites were selected on this basis and were sent the questionnaire by mail. Information requested included patient demographic characteristics, the type of fungal disease being treated, the underlying disease, other medications being received, the time alopecia was reported, the pattern of alopecia, the time until resolution of alopecia, and other toxicities possibly related to fluconazole use. After completing the questionnaire, respondents were asked to return the completed form to one of the investigators (CAK) by mail or facsimile. Results All 26 MSG investigators responded; 11 (42%) reported that they had seen a total of 33 patients with alopecia as an adverse event probably associated with fluconazole therapy for fungal disease (Table 1). Twenty-five patients (patients 1 to 25) had participated in protocols involving the use of fluconazole to treat blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis in patients not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (MSG study 13) or to treat histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS (MSG study 23). The other 8 patients had not been involved in MSG protocols but had been treated and observed by the investigators for other fungal infections. Table 1. Patient Characteristics* Seventeen of the 136 patients (12.5%) enrolled in MSG study 13 and 8 of the 40 patients (20%) enrolled in MSG study 23 developed substantial alopecia while receiving fluconazole therapy. All patients in the protocol were followed monthly while receiving fluconazole and every 1 to 3 months when not receiving therapy. Fifteen of 33 patients (45%) were female. Twenty-nine of 33 patients (88%) received at least 400 mg of fluconazole daily (range, 100 mg weekly to 800 mg daily) for a mean of 7.1 months (range, 2 to 24 months). Alopecia was first noted a mean of 3.2 months (range, 2 weeks to 7 months) and a median of 3 months after initiation of fluconazole therapy, and all patients had varying degrees of scalp hair loss, noted by both patient and investigator. In at least 3 patients, hair loss was so substantial that wigs were necessary. In addition, 10 patients (30%) had substantial loss of facial, axillary, public, leg, or chest hair. Although no patient prematurely stopped receiving fluconazole because of alopecia, doses were reduced for 3 patients because of substantial hair loss presumed to be secondary to fluconazole therapy. Alopecia resolved in 32 patients when fluconazole therapy was discontinued or when the daily dose was reduced by at least 50%. In one patient (patient 10), alopecia began to resolve despite the continuation of fluconazole therapy at the original dose (800 mg/d). The time to complete resolution of alopecia was available for 28 patients; in these patients, alopecia resolved within 6 months of stopping fluconazole therapy or reducing the dose. Common concomitant drug-related toxicities included dry skin and chapped lips, but few other important toxicities were seen. Twenty of 33 patients (61%) received concomitant medications during fluconazole therapy. The most common concomitant medications included azidothymidine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dideoxyinosine, dideoxycytidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and prednisone; none of these drugs is commonly associated with substantial alopecia. Discussion Fluconazole is associated with few life-threatening adverse events, but less serious toxicities, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, rash, and mild elevation of liver function test results, are not uncommon [10]. Alopecia has rarely been reported [11]. In this report, we describe 33 patients who developed alopecia while receiving fluconazole and who had resolution of this complication when therapy was discontinued or when the daily dose was reduced. Ours is the only report describing reversible alopecia commonly associated with extended fluconazole therapy. Most of the patients in our study were receiving at least 400 mg of fluconazole daily. However, alopecia was seen in 2 patients receiving as little as 100 mg of fluconazole weekly for long-term prophylaxis of recurrent candida vulvovaginitis. All patients received fluconazole for at least 2 months, and alopecia developed within 3 months of initiation of therapy in more than 60% of cases. The scalp was involved in all patients, and other sites were involved in almost one third of patients. Thus, substantial alopecia may develop as an adverse event in patients receiving fluconazole. Moreover, this appears to be a common adverse event; in two separate studies, alopecia developed in 12.5% and 20% of patients receiving at least 400 mg of fluconazole daily. It is not clear why this complication of fluconazole therapy has not been recognized and reported more frequently. Most clinicians who use fluconazole probably treat patients for considerably shorter periods of time, particularly for uncomplicated infections caused by Candida species. Few immunologically normal patients receive fluconazole for extended periods of time. Further, patients receiving fluconazole for extended periods frequently have underlying diseases associated with hair loss, such as advanced HIV disease and hematologic malignant disorders requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy. Thus, fluconazole-induced alopecia might be easily overlooked in these groups. Twelve of our patients (36%) had underlying disorders that have been associated with alopecia: Eleven had advanced HIV disease and 1 had systemic lupus erythematosus. Although these conditions cannot be excluded as contributing factors in the development of alopecia, the temporal relation of hair loss to the use of fluconazole and the resolution of alopecia once the drug was withdrawn strongly support an association between fluconazole and reversible alopecia in these patients. Similarly, none of the concomitant drugs used in these patients is commonly associated with alopecia. The mechanism of hair loss with fluconazole is not understood. Ketoconazole has been associated with alopecia in as many as 8% of persons receiving 400 mg to 2000 mg/d [12]. Although ketoconazole has been associated with inhibition of glucocorticoid and testosterone synthesis and male impotence [13], no clear relation has been noted between ketoconazole-associated hormonal abnormalities and hair loss. Fluconazole does not substantially inhibit cortisol and testosterone synthesis, nor is it commonly associated with impotence. Our observations suggest that alopecia is not associated with changes in hormone synthesis. Although fluconazole achieves excellent levels in the skin [14], the concentration of drug in fingernail keratin is minimal, and there are no data on fluconazole concentration in hair follicles. Other cutaneous toxicities, especially dry skin and cracked lips, were commonly seen in patients receiving long-term fluconazole therapy [8], but we cannot correlate these observations with alopecia in this group. Itraconazole, the newest triazole antifungal agent, is structurally similar to ketoconazole but has rarely been associated with alopecia [15]. In summary, substantial alopecia appears to be much more commonly associated with fluconazole than was previously recognized, particularly when the drug is given at larger doses (400 mg/d) and for prolonged periods (2 months). The pattern of hair loss almost always involves the scalp and may involve other sites. The alopecia reverses with discontinuation of fluconazole therapy or dose reduction. This adverse event does not appear to be linked to other toxicities, such as liver function abnormalities, impotence, or gastrointestinal disturbances. Although alopecia is not a life-threatening toxicity, the implications to the patient are substantial, and clinicians should be aware of the association of prolonged higher-dose fluconazole therapy with reversible alopecia. Dr. Kauffman: Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Room 839-A, 2215 Fuller Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Dr. Perfect: Duke University Medical Center, Box 3353, Durham, NC 27710. Dr. Johnson: Department of Medicine, University of Texas School of Medicine, 6431 Fannin 1. 122 MSB, Houston, TX 77030. Dr. McKinsey: Infectious Diseases Associates of Kansas City, 2316 East Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64132. Dr. Bamberger: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Red 4 Unit, Kansas City, MO 64108-2792. Dr. Hamill: Infectious Diseases Section, Ve


The conceptual basis for tomorrow's computing is cloud computing. Service models like SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) are standards made to provide services to general public. Cloud computing has many advantages like shared pool of resources, location independent data storage, 24/7 support, information are provided to computer users on demand etc. There are various schemes proposed such as keyword search over encryption schemes and graph query dealing with issues of privacy, confidentiality maintaining among cloud users. Efficient data utilization in cloud computing is an important issue. There are important aspects to be concentrated mainly data confidentiality & integrity. In this paper, we are proposing a model for data utilization in cloud computing and providing approaches to enhance security measures such as keyword search and graph methods. Purpose of this paper is to focus on related issues for privacy concerns and give directions to have secure data outsourcing in the cloud.


(57) Abstract: The racemic mixture of the dienes, discloses compositions and methods for catalytically converted to cyclic olefin by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction. Transition metal complexes with M = C reaction site is its composition contains bidentate dialkoxide of having at least 80% optical purity. As M = C reaction site, because it has sufficient shape specificity was partially awarded by dialkoxide having sufficient rigidity and reacting the composition with a mixture of two diene enantiomers , olefin metathesis product that has at least 50% enantiomeric excess of one enantiomer in the mixture is obtained. The composition is reacted with Rasemijien mixture also provides a method for causing a metathesis product with an enantiomeric excess of at least 50%.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the case of a patient with subcutaneous inguinal recurrence of penile cancer without lymph node involvement.

METHODS
Description of a clinical case and review of the literature on the subject.

RESULTS
We present the case of a 72-year-old man with penile cancer and extranodal inguinal extension that affected subcutaneous cell tissue, with a history of negative sentinel lymph node and subsequently without invasion of the regional lymph nodes in lymphadenectomy after chemotherapy. The patient presented disease progression despite multimodal treatment.

CONCLUSION
Extranodal inguinal involvement in penile cancer may occur despite a history of negative sentinel lymph node. The evolution of the patient we presented was disastrous despite the multimodal treatment carried out.


© 2019 European Medicines Agency. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.


Abstract: In the rat parotid gland, the neuropeptide substance P (SP), as well as SP(4–11), and septide elicited inositol phosphate production (EC50 values 0.44, 2, and 20 nM, respectively). No additivity of the maximal response to the three agonists was observed. SP, SP(4–11), and septide also stimulated protein secretion; for SP, two EC50 were determined (0.5 and 160 nM), whereas a single one could be determined for SP(4–11) and septide (EC50 values 15 and 20 nM, respectively). The selective tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist RP67580 acted as a competitive inhibitor of both SP‐ and SP(4–11)‐induced inositol phosphate production. Its effect on septide‐induced inositol phosphate production was noncompetitive. RP67580 is apparently as potent at antagonizing septide, SP, or SP(4–11) (in all cases KB = 3 nM). These results show that in parotid gland, only NK1 receptors are activated by SP, SP(4–11), and septide. We also showed that the protein secretion stimulated by SP was inhibited competitively by RP67580, whereas the effect of RP67580 was noncompetitive on protein secretion when SP(4–11) or septide was used. Our data indicate that in rat parotid gland, the existence of a specific "septide‐sensitive" receptor can be ruled out and that only the NK1 receptor is present and mediates cellular responses. Taken together, these results show that in this tissue the NK1 receptor would present at least two different binding sites that could be coupled to different transduction pathways and that would regulate protein secretion.


The diagnosis of ureteral or inferior vena caval encasement due to perianeurysmal fibrosis can only he made by means of computed tomography. Conventional X-ray studies including ultrasound may suggest retroperitoneal fibrosis. especially when the ureters are obstructed. The perivascular tissue masses surrounding aortoiliac aneurysms show variable postcontrast enhancement, generally less than intraluminal blood.


A sample-and-hold semisystolic analog realization for 2-D infinite impulse response (IIR) filters utilizing only analog components (analog multipliers, etc.) is presented. This form of realization is capable of handling the high data rate that would be required by such an application as high-definition television (HDTV) ( approximately 1050*1400 pixels/frame). Such an application would require a throughput rate in excess of 40 million pixels/s.<<ETX>>


A non-contacting inspection was carried out for rolling bearings using acoustic emission technique.The energy characteristics vector of the fault signals extracted with the wavelet packet analysis method was taken as the input vector of BP neural network to identify the models for distinguishing the good bearings from the damaged bearings.


Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are correlated with poor clinical outcome due to their contribution to chemotherapy resistance and formation of metastasis. Multiple cell surface and enzymatic markers have been characterized to identify CSCs, which is important for diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. This review underlines the role of CSCs and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in tumor relapse and metastasis, the characteristics of CSC and CTC biomarkers, and the techniques used for the detection of these cells. We also summarized novel therapeutic approaches toward targeting CSCs, especially focusing on the role of immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), such as anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (anti-PDL1) therapies. Additionally, we address an intriguing new mechanism of action for small molecular drugs, such as telomere targeted therapy 6-thio-2'deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG), and how it reshapes tumor microenvironment to overcome ICB resistance. There are indications, that, personalized cancer therapy targeting CSC populations in conjunction with immune-mediated strategy hold promise for the removal of residual therapy-resistant CSCs in the near future.


Abstract The construction industry is an important sector for the development of the Gaza Strip. A key factor to a successful construction project is to complete the project without any claims occurrence. Nonetheless, claims are very common in the construction industry of Palestine. The aim of this paper is to identify and rank the existing causes of claims according to their relative importance in the construction industry from the perspective of the local contractors. The paper reports on a questionnaire-based research investigation targeting local contractors by analyzing their perception towards causes of claims. The results found the main causes of claims and they are: awarding bid to the lower bidder; border closures; residents' interference during project implementation; road blockage and difficulties in passing between cities and governorate It was found that owners may not award the contract to the lowest responsive bidder. Owners may coordinate with the local residents of the area to inform them about the benefit of projects. Owners may assist contractors in removing obstacles of the project site to avoid delays. It is hoped that these findings will guide efforts to improve the performance of the construction industry and will be useful to international engineering and construction companies seeking a share in the Palestine and regional markets.


Objective To study the effects of 1%tetracaine hydrochloride jelly for pain control of patients receiving transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.Methods A total of 100 patients receiving TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were divided into two groups with 50 in each.In Group 1, patients received liquid paraffin,and in Group 2,patients were given 1%tetracaine hydrochloride jelly before biopsy.Pain score was measured by horizontal visual analogue scales(VAS),and pain and discomfort were compared between the two groups.Results The average pain scores at the time of insertion of the ultrasound probe were 2.9±1.7 and 1.4±1.8(P=0.000)and the average pain scores at the time of performing biopsy were 5.2±1.5 and 3.1±1.7(P=0.000)in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively.There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,serum prostate specific antigen,digital rectal examination,TRUS,and biopsy core number(P > 0.05).There were no significant differences of complications after biopsy,such as hematuria,acute urinary retention,urinary tract infection,rectum bleeding,and fever(P >0.05).Conclusion TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is safe.Use of 1%tetracaine hydrochloride jelly in the rectum and anus before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is an effective method for relieving TRUS-guided prostate biopsy-induced pain during the procedure.


Rates of testing varied significantly across race groups for all tests. However, the pattern of change differed between tests. The American Cancer Society estimates that in the United States in 2012, 229,060 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed, and 39,920 people died of the disease. In the same year, approximately 63,300 women were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.1 DCIS is noninvasive breast cancer representing a wide a variety of cell abnormalities confined to the ducts of the breast.2 While we do not know the percentage of DCIS cases that will progress to invasive breast cancer, many studies suggest that women diagnosed with DCIS are at high risk for invasive breast cancer (see Virnig, Shamliyan, et al., for a review).3


A lateral phototransistor with stable sensitivity to a light input of the order of 10?3lx was fabricated by a single selective diffusion of boron in n on n+ epitaxial wafer. An extended emitter electrode on SiO2, over a whole emitter-base surface junction is employed to obtain stable low-level current gain.


Traditional festivals is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. It is also a window through which we learn the production and ways of life of different nationalities. The modern "festival culture" is a product of marketing economy and it has strong characteristics of time and great innovation. China is rich in the resources of "festivals" and "festival culture". To develop these resources and promote the combination of Chinese traditional culture and the spirit of the modern time can help the tourism of China move to a new stage.


Plant reliability is an essential factor for the world of investments and companies that are currently in line with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals have been supported by investors around the world. This paper states a valuable implementation of a reliability process that creates engagement among stakeholders and decreases the life-cycle cost of a plant while the reliability increases. In addition, it suggests how to create a solid base with the support of different areas and tools that lead to an increase in the reliability of equipment, systems, and plants.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes, which act as source and link nodes through which the data forward to sink node. However, the nodes in network have limited computation complexity, transmission capability and restricted battery life. Several routing protocols are available to improve the performance of network but very few concentrates on security issues. The performance of routing and security protocol in WSN affect due to unreliable low power links, insecure communication, threats, and resource limitations which limits the design of an efficient routing and security algorithm in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a secure energy efficient routing protocol with effective data collection and key management in dynamic WSN. The routing protocol prolongs network lifetime and minimizes energy consumption. The routing protocol implement with A* algorithm and security improve with EECLDSA (Enhanced Elliptic Curve Logic Discrete Algorithm). The combined Secure Energy Efficient Network Priority Routing (SEENPR) apply for effective data collection and key management in WSNs. SEENPR uses k-means algorithm to improve cluster head (CH) selection using Euclidean distance. The SEENPR implement in testbed to evaluate performance with respect to security and key management.


ABSTRACT Mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) are the primary receptors of our senses of hearing and balance. Elucidation of the transcriptional networks regulating HC fate determination and differentiation is crucial not only to understand inner ear development but also to improve cell replacement therapies for hearing disorders. Here, we show that combined expression of the transcription factors Gfi1, Pou4f3 and Atoh1 can induce direct programming towards HC fate, both during in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation and following ectopic expression in chick embryonic otic epithelium. Induced HCs (iHCs) express numerous HC-specific markers and exhibit polarized membrane protrusions reminiscent of stereociliary bundles. Transcriptome profiling confirms the progressive establishment of a HC-specific gene signature during in vitro iHC programming. Overall, this work provides a novel approach to achieve robust and highly efficient HC production in vitro, which could be used as a model to study HC development and to drive inner ear HC regeneration. Highlighted article: Expression of Atoh1, Pou4f3 and Gfi1 in mouse embryonic stem cells efficiently induces inner ear hair cell differentiation in culture.


The present paper is an attempt to examine the impact of micro credit on economic empowerment of respondents in the study area of Tirunelveli district. The research is based on primary and secondary data both. Secondary data was taken from research papers, journals, magazines and websites. For data analysis, percentage analysis, tabulation, averages, standard deviation, Garret ranking method, t-test , and multiple regression analysistools are used. The field survey was conducted by personal interview method during the period from August 2017 to November 2017.The study inferred that rural woman used micro level loans for starting small business units in their living area apart from petty shops, idly shops, tailoring, fish vending, dairy, animal husbandry, etc. It helps them to improve socially and economically in the society. It is found that majority of the respondents revealed for nature of using of microfinance as family expenses was ranked first followed by repayment of old loan . Establishment of self-employment was ranked third, education expenses ranked fourth and medical expenses was ranked fifth respectively.In the case of women bank credit borrowers, the coefficient of multiple regressions (R 2 ) was 0.681 indicating 68.1 percent variation intotal income. The regression coefficient of variables namely earnings of women bank credit borrowersand their spouse's earnings were statistically significant at 5 percent level. One unit increase in these variables could increase the total family income by 0.136 percent and 0.031 percent respectively. Thus it may be concluded from the analysis that the contribution of women bank credit borrowerstowards family income is found high in the study area. Microcredit is playing a noteworthy role in easing poverty and rural development. Since women are the only family caretaker, appropriate importance should be given to the rural women and for empowering the rural women finance is essential. The study has proved that microcredit has reduced the incidence of poverty through an upsurge in income, advances the living standards, and empowered women by enhancing their involvement to household income, increasing the value of their assets and economic independence of the rural women.


Volume bragg grating is the important element in spectral beam combining technique. However the thermal-induced distortion and temperature gradient make strong impact on the grating's performance. In this paper, a model of five 3kW off resonator laser beams combining system is analyzed through Comsol. The z-displacement and temperature distributions with different boundary conditions have been shown. The results demonstrate that Comsol is a practical and useful tool to analyze the thermal problem in the gratings.


In this article, we apply the independent component analysis technique for mining spatio-temporal data. The technique has been applied to mine for patterns in weather data using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as a specific example. We find that the strongest independent components match the observed synoptic weather patterns corresponding to the NAO. We also validate our results by matching the independent component activities with the NAO index.


We consider the asymptotic behaviour of the generalised hypergeometric function \[{}_3F_2\bl(\!\!\begin{array}{c} 1, (1+t)k/2, (1+t)k/2+1/2\\tk+1, k+1\end{array}\!\!; x\br),\qquad 0<x,t\leq 1\] as the parameter $k\to+\infty$. Numerical results illustrating the accuracy of the resulting expansion are given.


High dimensionality is one of the most troublesome difficulties encountered in power system analysis and application. Feature selection is an effective dimension reduction method in data mining field. This paper proposes a new feature selection method, called HMI (Hybrid Mutual Information), which considers both the novel information a feature can provide and the relevance of the feature with respect to the target feature. In static voltage stability analysis application, HMI and other mutual information based feature selection methods are compared, the results show that HMI is an effective feature selection method and also show the potential application of data mining methods in power system.


Provided are a methylmethacrylate suspension polymer, which has high light transmittance and good thermal stability as compared with conventional suspension polymers, and a preparation thereof. The methylmethacrylate suspension polymer having improved transmittance is prepared by the steps of: (1) suspension-polymerizing 100 parts by weight of methylmethacrylate solely or a mixture of 80-99.9wt% of methylmethacrylate and 0.1-20wt% of comonomer by using 0.01-1 parts by weight of an initiator having a 10 hour-half-life of 60‹C or below and 0.01-1.0 parts by weight of a chain transfer agent; and (2) mixing 100 parts by weight of the prepared beads with 0.01-2 parts by weight of an antioxidant and 1-1000ppm of a reducing agent of a hypophosphite-based alkali metal salt or ammonium salt form, and then extruding the mixture.


Background:Feedback has been identified as key strategy in learning and teaching, little known research has been focused on students' perception for feedback and the contribution feedback provide to their learning process. Method:This study aimed to determine the benefits and challenges students and faculties experience in the feedback process. To achieve this aim six research questions were raised and descriptive survey method was adopted; five point Likert type questionnaires were used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by experts and the Cronbach alpha method of internal consistence reliability was 0.89 and 0.82 for students and faculty respectively. Study population composed of 188 students from 3rd and 4th year pharmacy school and 2nd year pre-medicine school as well as 31 faculties from foundation, natural science and pharmacy department. Results:Data was collected and analyzed, comparison was made among different classes of students using ANOVA and Post HOC test. Faculty perception was evaluated for feedback and its importance in providing advice to the advisors. Conclusion:Students considered feedback as an opportunity to improve study skills for the course, skill in solving MCQ's and to discuss different concepts. Challenges experienced most by students was about anxiety with open scrutiny, difficulty regarding self-assessment and difficulty in application of future exams while faculty perceived feedback being good for planning instructional strategies, refining teaching methodologies and learning the students understanding of concepts. Even faculty considered feedback significant as an advising tool. Feedback method acceptable deferred from students and faculty perception. INTRODUCTION Everyone is eager to know how they are doing or did in their life, job and education, so that they can attain success. In order to be successful, one must get positive and negative views about one's effort and accomplishment. These views or comments are known as feedback. In education it plays an essential part. It helps learner to maximize their potential at different stages of training, raise their awareness, so that they can improve their performance. It is important to check that the learner understands the content of the feedback so that they are encouraged to imbibe the content and prevent distortion or misunderstanding of feedback content. Thus, feedback is central to develop the learner competence and confidence throughout their medical career. Definition of feedback used by various researchers is related to information presented that allows comparison between an actual outcome and a desired outcome (MoryE 2004).Feedback must be seen as an opportunity for learning and for encouraging an orientation towards learning goals; development of respect by students for future development is indicated via feedback (AnnPet.,al 2008). Feedback for undergraduate students has powerful influence on their learning and achievement, showing their strengths and weaknesses (HattieJet .,al 2007). Effective feedback has three prime questions to be asked by an individual who gives feedback -teacher, peer, parents or self. Firstly, where I am going i.e., what are the goals? Secondly, how am I going i.e., what progress is being made towards the goal? Lastly, where to reach next i.e., what activities are needed to be taken to progress better?There are five main facets as to how feedback should beprovided. It should be timely, intimate and individual, empowering, should open doors not close and manageable (PhilR 2009).There are different ways teacher can bridge gap between students' performance and extent of the desired goal by clarifying goals, enhancing commitment or increasing effort to reach them via feedback. Feedback model differs by the number of students (large group/ small group) as well as the mode of teaching (full time/ part time/ distance learning). One to one feedback is the best but cannot be given in large group student setting or distance learning mode.Feedback models for large group class are different from small group classes which include use of model answers, assignment returns sheets, write an assignment report, collective feedback in small groups, computed assisted assessment, other than involving students in their own assessment (PhilR 2009). The primary purpose of this study was to identify effective feedback methods for the large class environment. What are students' and faculties perception of the different models being used in the institute? Hattie and Thimperley (2007) identified four levels of feedback focuses and states that "the level at which feedback is directed influences its effectiveness." They explained those levels of feedback focus starts from feedback about the task or product then about the processing of the task


Abstract Our objective was to review and describe operations for spinal cord arteriovenous malformations and perimedullary fistulas. We reviewed the authoritative surgical literature and added our own experience in operative considerations for these lesions. We concluded that a team approach requiring expertise in diagnostic angiography, endovascular, and microsurgical techniques is the best management strategy to optimally display and, when possible, eliminate these rare lesions. Surgical results depend on the preoperative clinical course; pathophysiology, extent, and angioarchitecture of the lesion; and experience of the surgical team.


This paper describes the identification and design of optimal Proportional plus Integral (PI) control system for a high voltage unit of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) filter of a real cement kiln. The unbiased recursive least-squares algorithm is used to identify a linear discrete-time state-space model of the system based on state and measurements that were recorded during subjecting the system to a pseudo random binary sequence superimposed on its input. The state and input variables have been measured by using a dedicated electronic interface system especially designed for this purpose. Based on the identified model an optimal PI controller is designed by minimizing a quadratic performance index using dynamic programming algorithm. The controller is implemented on the real ESP filter and practical tests are presented to show the system performance.


Preface Introduction Domestic Roots of Romanian and East German Policy in the Third World The Interplay of Soviet and East European Policies in the Third World Romania and the Third World, 1972-89: Ceau,sescu's Vision of the "Socialist Developing State" East Germany and the Third World, 1969-89: Carving Out an Identity at Moscow's Side Comparing the Third World Strategies of Honecker and Ceau,sescu Appendix Selected Bibliography Index


1/f noise investigations in thin film transistors with long channel and thin thickness of amorphous silicon film are presented. It is found that the noise behavior follows the mobility fluctuation model in ohmic and saturation regimes, whereas in the subthreshold conduction, a quadratic law versus the drain current is observed. The noise modeling is proposed taking into account the equations usually utilized for crystalline silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors according to Hooge's theory. Moreover, the Berkeley Short-Channel Insulated Gate Field-Effect Transistor Model is adapted to predict the noise levels. Two noise parameters have been extracted: The first is used in the subthreshold region, whereas we show that the second, directly related to Hooge's parameter, is adequate to describe alone the noise in normal conduction up to the saturation.


The article aims to depict the most common ideas regarding wisdom from young people across different countries: Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Republic of Korea and the United States. A questionnaire was administered to nearly 800 adolescents from these countries and comparisons by country and gender were made regarding participants' perceptions of a wise man and a wise woman. Although differences were found between countries, more consistent differences by gender were reported. From a global perspective, factor analysis established three major traits to describe wise people: charismatic, goal oriented and unconventional. Also, participants consistently excluded a person from the concept of wise if they were poor, pessimistic, naïve or inconsistent. Results indicate a lack of values attached to the description of wisdom and it is argued that schools should foster the development of conceptions of wisdom as a desirable stage in human development that includes values such as justice, equity and respect for others. Difficulties in international comparative research are discussed.


The Taylor rule was proposed by John Taylor (1993) as a proxy to the United States' monetary policy. Though he goes at great lengths to acknowledge that monetary policy should not be as simple and naïve as a pocket-book rule, it gives us a tool against which to measure monetary policies of inflation-targeting countries. Although some deviation is expected, if a country's decision deviates often and more so as time goes by, some yellow flags should be expected from the market. Moreover, if such move comes without any formal communication, this can significantly hinder credibility, a key pillar of an efficient monetary policy (Montiel, 2011).


A pigtailed transceiver module which exhibits a record responsivity of 0.5 A/W is described. A single laser chip of Fabry-Perot type V-on-U-groove (VUG) laser is packed in a butterfly type package. By improving the fibre-chip coupling, a responsivity as high as 0.5 A/W is demonstrated together with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. The power penalty, compared with that of a p-i-n photodiode within the same experimental configuration, is only 1.2 dB at 800 Mbit/s. >


Abstract This article deals with the outcome of an educational research project conducted at the University of Ghent. 1 We started creating new teaching materials for teaching literature from a European perspective, and ended up with the conviction that the opening up of the traditional (ie national) literary canon should lead to a global revision of the literature course design. In such a revision the multimedia hypertext should play a key role, as we try to illustrate with two hypermedia applications on classic European novels: Don Quixoteand Robinson Crusoe. 1. A project on the authority of the Ministry of Education (Flemish Community, Belgium): 'An empirical research into the possibilities and problems in creating a European dimension in the teaching of literature' (supervision: N. Rowan, G. Schelstraete, R. Soetaert).


The embodiment of the invention discloses network registering method, baseband chip and terminal, the network registering method includes: to carry out web search when the baseband chip of terminal completes power-up initializing to obtain available network;The baseband chip receives application processor and completes the register instruction sent after power-up initializing;The baseband chip is registered to target network according to the register instruction, and the target network is one or more in the available network.Using in the embodiment of the present invention, when baseband chip is completed to be powered on and initialized, without waiting for the register instruction sent after the completion of AP initialization, with regard to carrying out web search at once, so as to the search for carrying out target network synchronous in AP initialization procedure, it is registered to the time of network, so as to shorten baseband chip so as to improve the usage experience of terminal user.


Background Recently, incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) has been suggested to improve the mechanical properties of glass ionomers (GIs). This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of NHA on wear of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) by tooth brushing simulation. Material and Methods In this in vitro, experimental study, NHA in 1, 2, 5, 7 and 10wt% concentrations was added to Fuji II LC RMGI powder, and 48 samples (5×5mm) in five experimental and one control group (n=8) were fabricated. After polishing, cleaning and incubation at 37°C for three weeks, the samples were weighed and subjected to tooth brushing simulation in a toothpaste slurry according to ISO14569-1. Then, they were weighed again and the weight loss was calculated. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results The highest and the lowest weight loss was found in the 0% NHA (-1.052±0.176) and 5% NHA (-0.370±0.143) groups, respectively. Wear was significantly higher in 0% NHA group (P<0.05). No difference was detected in wear between 2 and 5wt% NHA or among 1, 7 and 10wt% NHA groups. Significant differences were noted in wear between 2 and 5wt% NHA and 1, 7 and 10wt% NHA groups (P<0.001). Conclusions Incorporation of up to 10wt% of NHA increases the wear resistance of Fuji II LC RMGI. This increase was the highest when 2 and 5wt% NHA were added. Key words:Glass ionomer, hydroxyapatites, nanoparticles, dental restoration wear.


BACKGROUND: Mibefradil (MIB) is a selective T-type calcium channel blocker that has shown preclinical impact on cell cycle activity, specifically arrest at G1/S in tumor cells, suggesting a potential chemo-sensitizing effect if given prior to chemotherapy. In our study, MIB was administered orally QID x 7 days prior to standard temozolomide (150-200 mg/m2 x 5/28d) in recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) patients. 18F-FLT PET was used as an exploratory imaging biomarker to assess influence of MIB on overall tracer accumulation in tumor. METHODS: 18F-FLT PET was performed in 10 patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose of MIB (87.5 mg po QID) at 5 different institutions. Prior to MIB administration, 2 PET scans were performed as a double baseline to assess repeatability of PET measurements. A third scan was performed on day 7 of MIB treatment to assess 18F-FLT uptake for response. Tumor standardized uptake values (SUVs) were measured at a central laboratory by automatically positioning a 1mL sphere at the region of highest uptake (SUVpeak). RESULTS: The double baseline data indicated 95% limits of repeatability of 18.5% (6.7% within-patient coefficient of variation) for SUVpeak. Two of the 10 patients demonstrated a drop in SUVpeak after 7 days of MIB that exceeded these limits (-47% and -67%). No significant change between double baseline and day 7 of MIB was seen in the remaining 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this first 18F-FLT PET imaging study within a multicenter HGG trial, 18F-FLT PET was found to be feasible and highly repeatable. The results suggest influence of MIB on tumor accumulation of the radiotracer, possibly in part due to alterations in cell cycle activity in a subset of patients, but the precise mechanism remains to be determined as tracer delivery/transport effects may also be contributing to the decline in signal observed in the two patients.


Abstract : This report presents results of an experimental study of free-air blast wave properties for end-initiated cylindrical explosive charges. The study was motivated by the need for data on positive impulse form cylindrical charges, as a function of charge length/diameter (L/D) ratio, distance, and angle from the charge axis. Cast cylindrical charges of Pentolite were used, with L/D ratios of 1/4, 1/2, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1, and 6/1. In all, 64 charges were fired: 54 8-pound cylinders, 4 16-pound cylinders, and 6 7/8-pound spheres (used for internal calibration purposes). For each shot, blast parameters were measured at two angles, 90-degrees apart, using six pressure gauges at each angle. Gauge arrays extended from 7 feet to 31 feet from the charge, covering a nominal pressure range of 100 psi down to 3 psi. Pressure-time plots from all guages on all shots are presented, together with measured values of peak pressure, positive impulse, positive duration, and time of arrival. Graphs of the variation of peak pressure and impulse with L/D ratio and angle are presented together with a comparison with spherical charge data. Substantial differences between blast waves from cylindrical and spherical charges are observed. Also presented are the results of scaling tests, an error analysis, and recommendations for further work. (Author)


The purpose of the present study was to see the effect of background music on task performance. The study was pure experimental and followed by randomized matched two group experimental design, where one was experimental group and second was controlled group.60 persons were participated in experiment (30 Male & 30 Female). Only experimental group was given treatment as instrumental background music was played during performance of the task was two paper pencil maze. Both group were matched by prior maze task result and also matched to reduce socio demographic and other effect. Experiment was performed in Psychology laboratory at department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, and Rajkot. Very tiny mean difference seen between both the groups in the performance but there was no any significant effect of background music seen on the performance of the given task. The result of present study can conclude with that background music is not affecting the task performance.


Modern bio medical sciences incorporate soft tools to diagnose various parameters of human fluids. Conventional method of blood sample analysis makes use of laboratory technique of titration, which is operator dependent and could result in lot of errors depending on the skill of the operator. In order to eliminate the human errors involved in the conventional method, In this paper an attempt has been made to present a capillary centrifuge technique driven by high speed state of art DC motor controlled by a powerful processor resulting in accurate analysis of the blood samples. This paper brings out the various advantages of the proposed blood measurement technique in the form of accuracy of blood analysis, quickness and at a low price.


The effect of point defects on the magnetic properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 polycrystals and single crystals has been studied. The magnetic susceptibility χdc of the initial samples and samples irradiated by elec trons to the maximum dose F = 9 × 1018 cm–2 has been measured in the temperature region 80 K < T < 650 K. Local variations of Mn–O–Mn bond angles and lengths result in a nonmonotonic dose dependence of the Curie temperature TC. At high doses of electron irradiation, F ≥ 5 × 10 18 cm–2, the temperature of the tran sition from the ferromagnetic to polaron state in a single crystal is found to increase. In the paramagnetic region close to TC, ferromagnetically ordered polarons are observed to exist, while at T > 1.2TC, localization of eg electrons initiates formation of paramagnetic polarons with a higher magnetic moment. Electron irra diation stimulates persistence of magnetic polarons up to higher temperatures T > 2TC. DOI: 10.1134/S1063783413010058


Implementing hands-on experience for clinical laboratory can be a challenge due to budgetary constraints. To provide students with the opportunity to practice repeatedly before applying the knowledge to the live laboratory setting, a mobile serious game called "Clinic Chemistry" was developed. In this paper, we share the experience in developing two versions of the game from the perspective of game designers/developers as part of an end-to-end educational game research. We have adopted the evolutionary rapid prototyping paradigm to create the early prototype, the pre-alpha. The pre-alpha was then evolved into the alpha release. The pre-production and production steps of the two versions, as well as evolved game components, are reported. We conclude that the rapid prototype is the key to our successful release of the game.


Key Points Question Can plasma biomarkers predict cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD)? Findings In this prognostic study of data from 2 preclinical AD cohort studies including 171 cognitively unimpaired individuals with cerebrospinal fluid or positron emission tomographic measures of β-amyloid positivity, plasma P-tau217 significantly predicted longitudinal cognitive decline in both cohorts. Meaning These findings suggest that plasma P-tau217 may be used as a complement to cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography for participant selection in clinical trials of novel disease-modifying treatments.


The theoretical model of an urban growth machine requires augmentation and alteration when applied to growth in a contracting context. In many older cities there are growth activities on a political and economic landscape colored by scarcity, shrinking industrial bases, population decline, and fierce competition for resources. Drawing upon a case study of Detroit's New Center Area, we expand the discussion of growth machines by examining how and why an isolated but deliberate instance of neighborhood growth and redevelopment occurred.


To obtain good reinforcement by silica filler in nonpolar rubbers, it is almost essential to use coupling agents, such as bis(triethoxy silyl propyl) tetrasulfane (TESPT). Chemicals that can interact with the silanol groups on the silica particles and reduce their network formation are also expected to enhance reinforcement. We made a comparative evaluation of TESPT, epoxidized rubber seed oil (ERSO), and their combination as a coupling agent and a plasticizer in silica-filled natural rubber compounds. The results indicate that compounds containing ERSO showed physical and mechanical properties between that of TESPT and naphthenic oil. The action of ERSO in the improvement of the properties was expected to be bifunctional and similar to that of TESPT; that is, it caused the hydrophobation of silica, which increased its degree of dispersion and the formation of chemical bonds with the rubber, thereby ensuring strong polymer–filler interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3531–3536, 2004


Tin(IV) alkoxides react with pentane-2,4-dione (acetylacetone) and other β-diketones to yield Sn(OR)3(chel) or Sn(OR)2(chel)2 derivatives. Sn(Opri)3(acac) has been shown to be dimeric in the solid state by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, the tin atoms being linked by two alkoxide bridges. In solution l19sn n.m.r. spectral data show that this single complex rapidly converts into a mixture of tin-containing species followed by slow disproportionation to the bis derivative Sn(OPri)2(acac)2 and Sn(Opri)4. The bis complexes Sn(OR)2(acac)2 appear to exist predominantly in solution with cis arrangements of alkoxide groups even when OBut or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione (dipivaloylmethane) are present.


ISSN 2277-5064 | © 2016 Bonfring Abstract--The recent terrorist attacks and bomb attacks either in India or elsewhere in the world have shifted the attentions of structural designers towards the safety of the occupants and the structures. Especially the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers of America has resulted in an alarming situation and many researchers have focused their attention on the analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loadings. Many softwares available to structural engineers will also enable one to analyze the structure for the blast loading and design accordingly. In this project an attempt is made to analyze a G+6 storied symmetrical building which is subjected to blast loading. A comparative analysis is given when the structure is fitted with X Bracings, Diagonal Bracings, V bracings. For the analysis SAP2000, Version 18 is used along with RC Blast Software. Push over analysis is carried out for all the different cases. The results in the form of Storey Displacement and Storey Drift are compared for all the different cases considered.


Image segmentation plays a major role in medical imaging applications. During last decades, developing robust and efficient algorithms for medical image segmentation has been a demanding area of growing research interest. The renowned unsupervised clustering method, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is extensively used in medical image segmentation. Despite its pervasive use, conventional FCM is highly sensitive to noise because it segments images on the basis of intensity values. In this paper, for the segmentation of noisy medical images, an effective approach is presented. The proposed approach utilizes histogram based Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm for the segmentation of medical images. To improve the robustness against noise, the spatial probability of the neighboring pixels is integrated in the objective function of FCM. The noisy medical images are denoised, with the help of an effective denoising algorithm, prior to segmentation, to increase further the approach's robustness. A comparative analysis is done between the conventional FCM and the proposed approach. The results obtained from the experimentation show that the proposed approach attains reliable segmentation accuracy despite of noise levels. From the experimental results, it is also clear that the proposed approach is more efficient and robust against noise when compared to that of the FCM.


The behaviour of cancer diseases data from the Benghazi Cancer Registry as far as ecology through Broken-stick model for the spread of different species was used to study how diversity of the distribution of species of cancers is reflected in clusteringof zones and in different diversity measures related to such clustering. The aim of this paper is to study the dissimilarity in cancer distribution in the departmental divisions, among which are evenness component by    , J Sp and species richness component by    , R utilizing the generalized diversity index (GDI),    , H , at the actual values   , . The result from this registry data showed that an interrelating in diversity among divisions in the areas (zones) of rare and common of species is exist in five clusters. It is indicated that the most powerful tools for discriminating the spatial variations of cancer species diversity are in the multivariate category and its superimposition with cluster analysis was recommended in order to obtain more information regarding the relationship between sites (zones). However, ordination by diversity measures is a more informative summary than cluster analysis for such data.


The application of CS type feed nozzle in FCC unit was introduced.The industrial results showed that after the application of CS type feed nozzle,the product distributing was improved with the same raw material,catalyst,operation condition.The operation cost was decreased.The yields of gas and petroleum coke were reduced 1.5% and 1.2%.The yields of LPG,gasoline and diesel oil were increased 1.3%,1.1% and 0.3% respeceively.The products were not affected by CS type feed nozzle.The integrated economy benefit was increased 61.26 million per year.


2020 will always be engraved in our memories as annus horribilis, but now with significant progress on the vaccine front, we can begin to look forward to returning to a more normal way of life. Man...


We examine the economic analysis of the relationship between innovation and product market competition. First, we give a brief tour of the intellectual history of the area. Second, we examine how the Aghion-Howitt framework has influenced the development of the literature theoretically and (especially) empirically, with an emphasis on the "inverted U": the idea that innovation rises and then eventually falls as the intensity of competition increases. Thirdly, we look at recent applications and development of the framework in the areas of competition policy, international trade and structural Industrial Organization. parametric version of the model estimated by ABBGH and show evidence of a structural break that coincides with the establishment of the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 1982. The find a positive relationship between competition and innovation in the period prior to 1982 and no relationship after 1982, and argue that the empirical results in ABBGH are driven by misspecification.


At the foundation of most inequalities in expression of sexuality lie social constructions of gender. In this paper, sex education is considered as a possibility to challenge sexism and promote healthy and self-affirmative sex lives. In the past decade, the discourse of sex education in India has become a 'battle of morality' where concerned citizens condemn sex education on the grounds it may encourage sexual activity and immoral conduct (e.g. promiscuity or infidelity). The work of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is an alternative to the governmental national curriculum plan. This paper discusses NGO potential in terms of sexual empowerment by examining beliefs and understanding, choices of information, strategies and methods, and approaches apparent in sex education programmes and projects. Through qualitative data, findings were analysed by constructing a sexual empowerment model that divides components of sex education into four parts and utilises theories of empowerment. The main findings include that all four components of sex education – foundation, content, strategies and approaches – show great potential to challenge gender inequalities in regard to sexuality. Sexual health programmes and projects are seen to be highly participatory, deliberative and encouraging of critical thinking. Some concerns are highlighted: the strong focus on girls as the main actors of change, and external limitations such as parents and institutions.


microUS, age, and PSA density (cid:2) 0.15 emerged as independent predictors of PCa. The accuracy of a model including PRI-MUS score, age, PSA density, family history and previous biopsies was 0.764 (95% CI: 0.673 (cid:7) 0.854). CONCLUSIONS: Our update fi ndings con fi rm that MicroUS could represent a helpful tool capable of discriminating patients har- bouring csPCa among subjects with PI-RADS 3 lesion. Further studies are still needed to corroborate our fi ndings and to better establish the role of this promising strategy within the diagnostic work up of PCa patients.


Two new Indium MOFs with the bending multicarboxylate ligand H2dpmda as a linker and different N-donor ancillary ligands were obtained; the two compounds are isoreticular with 2D-hcb uninodal 3-connected nets. Comparison of their activity in cyanosilylation reactions with another eight In-MOFs is also reported. Eight out of the ten resulted in being good catalysts under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. Correlations between indium coordination number (CN), framework topology and catalytic activity are made and discussed, demonstrating that among the studied MOFs, the indium material named InPF-6 with the formula [In2(dpa)3(1,10-phen)2]·H2O is the most effective catalyst. A possible catalytic mechanism is discussed.


: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant contributor to recalcitrant multidrug-resistant infections, espe-ciallyinimmunocompromisedandhospitalizedpatients.Thepathogenicprofileof P. aeruginosa isrelatedtoitsability P. aeruginosa secretes small diffusible molecules, specifically acyl homo serine lactones, such as N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-l -homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL), that promote biofilm formation and virulence via interbacterial communication. Strategies that strengthen the host ' s ability to inhibit bacterial virulence would enhance host defenses and improve the treatment of resistant infections. We have recently shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPAR g ) agonistsarepotentimmunostimulatorsthatplayapivotalroleinhostresponsetovirulent P.aeruginosa .Here,weshow thatQSgenesin P.aeruginosa (strainPAO1)and3O-C12-HSLattenuatePPAR g expressioninbronchialepithelialcells. PAO1 and 3O-C12-HSL induce barrier derangements in bronchial epithelial cells by lowering the expression of junctionalproteins,suchaszonulaoccludens-1,occludin,andclaudin-4. Expression of these proteins was restored in cells that were treated with pioglitazone, a PPAR g agonist, before infection with PAO1 and 3O-C12-HSL. Barrier function and bacterial permeation studies that have been performed in primary human epithelial cells showed that PPAR g agonists are able to restore barrier integrity and function that are disrupted by PAO1 and 3O-C12-HSL. Mechanistically, we show that these effects are dependent on the induction of paraoxonase-2, a QS hy-drolyzing enzyme, that mitigates the effects of QS molecules. Importantly, our data show that pioglitazone, a PPAR g agonist, significantly inhibits biofilm formation on epithelial cells by a mechanism that is mediated via paraoxonase-2. These findings elucidate a novel role for PPAR g in host defense against P. aeruginosa . Strategies that activate PPAR g can provide a therapeutic complement for treatment of resistant P. aeruginosa infections. — A , D , F ), occludin ( B , D , G ), and claudin-4 ( C , E , H ), whereas claudin-1 did not change ( D ). Further analysis indicated that BEAS-2B cells that were pretreated with PIO overnight before infection with PAO1 or treatment with 3O-C12-HSL prevented the down-regulation of barrier proteins, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 after bacterial infection ( D – G ). It also seems that PIO by itself can signi fi cantly increase expression of these proteins ( D – G ) compared with untreated controls (Con). We also observed that PIO was effective in rescuing the effect of PAO1, but not that of 3O-C12-HSL (data not shown). Quantitative band densitometry using ImageJ indicated that these changes are signi fi cant ( C – E ; n = 4). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey ' s test for multiple comparisons was performed on all data sets. * P , 0.05, ** P , 0.01, *** P , 0.001; $ P , 0.05, $$ P , 0.01, $$$ P , 0001; # P , 0.05, ## P , 0.01.


The source of free sulfide in tidal flat sediments and the mechanisms leading to its generation were investigated by growing mixed cultures of anaerobic sediment bacteria in media containing organic material extracted from sediments and benthic algae. Sulfide production was observed in all cultures; stoichiometric considerations indicated sulfate reduction was the most important mechanism. Sulfide production rates were directly dependent on the transient concentrations of both sulfate and soluble organic carbon in the media. The tidal flat deposits of estuaries are areas of extreme complexity and activity (Bass Becking and Wood 1955; Wood 1965). They serve as both sources and sinks for a large variety of compounds and materials, produced by processes equally many and varied, and are in a continual state of exchange with the surrounding water and air. Estuaries, and tidal flats in particular, have been significantly affected by land filling, diking, dredging, and other forms of pollution. It is imperative that the ecology of these regions be understood so that rational decisions can be made regarding their use and management. A model of the tidal flat system is shown in Fig. 1, at a level of resolution chosen to illustrate those components and processes relevant to this study; omission of many obvious factors does not imply they are unimportant in the ecology of tidal flat areas. A mathematical model of free sulfide release from a benthic system has been developed (Bella et al. 1972). It assumes a source of free sulfide within the anaerobic zone of the sediment and describes its diffusion and oxidation within the aerobic zone. The magnitude and rate of replenishment of this assumed source of free sulfide and its relationship to conditions within the deposit is important to an understanding of the phenomenon of sulfide release and of the tidal flat system. Berner (1972) has also stressed the need for an understanding of


The present study investigated graduate students' responses to teacher/course evaluations (TCE) to determine if students' responses were inherently biased against faculty who teach quantitative methods courses. Item response theory (IRT) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) techniques were utilized for data analysis. Results indicate students in non-methods courses preferred the structure of quantitative courses, but tend to be more critical of quantitative instructors. Authors encourage consumers of TCE results to investigate item-level results, as opposed to summative results, when making inferences about course and instructor quality.


Tillage systems determine conditions for plant growth and development, which undoubte- dly influences the crop quality. The present study evaluated the mineral composition and content of phytate phosphorus, protein and starch in pea seeds under the conditions of conventional tillage (shallow ploughing and harrowing after harvest of the previous crop, ploughing in the autumn), reduced tillage (only cultivator after harvest of the previous crop), and herbicide tilla- ge (only Roundup 360 SL after harvest of the previous crop). The study demonstrated a higher content of total ash, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in pea seeds from the conventional and reduced tillage systems as well as a higher content of calcium (Ca) in seeds from the reduced tillage compared to the herbicide system. The conventional tillage also increased the content of iron (Fe) compared to the reduced and herbicide systems. In turn, the content of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) did not depend on the tillage system or the study year, whereas the content of copper (Cu) was significantly higher in the reduced tillage compared to the conventional and herbicide systems. The content of phytate-P in pea seeds was affected only by the study year. The total protein content of pea seeds was similar in all the tillage systems and study years, whereas the starch content was higher in the conventional than in the reduced and herbicide tillage, and was also differentiated by the study year.


The present invention relates to a 7-azaindolin-2-one derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the 7-azaindolin-2-one derivative or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be favorably used as a medicinal material for inhibiting cancer growth and cancer metastasis.


OR Erasmus, letters, sacred and profane, were almost the whole of life. It may seem idle even to ask what he has to say on any other topic, yet there is a certain piquancy in following him into fields not his own and trying to catch his chance remarks on music and painting. In both music and painting he had some professional training. As a boy he had a sweet voice, and he was for some time chorister in the cathedral of Utrecht under Jacob Obrecht, one of the greatest masters of the age, who contributed largely to the development of contrapuntal music.1 There is perhaps a recollection of this early experience in one of the annotations to the New Testament, where Erasmus laments that whole troops of boys should waste their best years in "barking" without learning one useful thing.2 During the six or seven years which he passed at the monastery of Steyn3 he continued to spend long hours in musical offices, and then it was, perhaps, that he acquired his hearty dislike for the medieval hymns and se-


Focusing on the transformative period during Taiwan president Ma Ying-jeou's (Ma Yingjiu) leadership (2008–16), this book chapter explores how culture, and the visual arts specifically, played a crucial, though under-explored, role in the development of Taiwan–mainland China relations. This is exemplified in the museological representation of art and by the growing number and size of exhibitions and exchanges organised by public museums on both sides of the strait that sought to emphasise Taiwan and mainland China's shared cultural heritage. This book chapter explores how museums and exhibitions were deployed by both governments as vehicles for cultural diplomacy and soft power, used to forge economic, cultural and, perhaps, political ties between these two former arch-rivals. Three major exhibitions presented by the Taipei Fine Arts Museum of works by the prominent Chinese contemporary artists Cai Guo-Qiang, Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing are the focus of this discussion. These exhibitions signified a critical shift in museological practice in Taiwan, and this paper examines some of the issues, anxieties and tensions these exhibitions and Taiwan's rapprochement with mainland China more generally, triggered within Taiwan's art community.


Reconstruction of streets in built-up area, a road to the functional group C - serving the local roads. Construction of parking areas, sidewalks, entrances to individual property and green vegetation.


Introduction. H MRS is a powerful analytical method to investigate the complex metabolic consequences of cancer disease. In vivo H MRS can provide information regarding glioma growth and response to treatment. A wider range of metabolites can be obtained ex vivo in biopsies using H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (H RMAS) MRS. Comparison of metabolic profiles between in vivo and H RMAS MRS is essential [1] and the ability of both approaches to discriminate tumoral from normal tissue with statistical tools such as PLS-DA [2] might be of great help for diagnosis. Here, we have used this approach to analyze in vivo and ex vivo spectra in the rat RG2, F98 and C6 models of glioma. Materials and methods. Fischer rats (RG2 model, n=8; F98 model, n=12) and Wistar rats (C6 model, n=12), 8 weeks old at tumor inoculation, were used. After decapitation under 5 % isoflurane, tumor bulk and contralateral striatum were isolated (<3 minutes) and frozen in liquid N2. In vivo Data acquisition: H MRS experiments were performed on a 7 Tesla Bruker BioSpec. A sequence (TE/TR=20/2500 ms) with water suppression and outer volume suppression was used to record two data sets, tumor and contralateral tissue. For each data set the volume of interest was 3x3x3mm and the acquisition time was 16m40s. The localization of the voxels of interest was based on T2-weighted RARE. Ex vivo Data Acquisition: Approximately 15 mg of biopsy were introduced in 50 μL rotors and spun at 4 kHz. H HRMAS NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance III 400 spectrometer (9.4T) at 4°C with a CPMG pulse sequence (TE=30 ms), water presaturation, 3.5 s total repetition time, 256 scan, 15 min total acquisition time. Quantification: Metabolite quantification was performed with the software package jMRUI (http://www.mrui.uab.es/mrui/) using the "subtract-QUEST" procedure [3] and a simulated metabolite database set. For HR MAS quantification, 16 metabolites were included in the database : acetate (Ace), alanine (Ala), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), choline (Cho), g-amino-butyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), glutathione (Gsh), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glycine (Gly), lactate (Lac), myo-inositol (M-ins), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphoethanolamine (PE), phosphocholine (PC) and taurine (Tau). Hypotaurine (Hyp) and betaïne (Bet) were detected only in tumor tissue and then were added in the database of tumor. For in vivo spectra, 11 metabolites were quantified: creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), GABA, Glu, Gln, Lac, M-ins, NAA , Asppartate (Asp), Hyp and Tau. Metabolite concentrations are given relative to the sum of all metabolites, both in vivo and ex vivo data. Statistical analysis: multivariate statistical analysis was performed using the SIMCAP V12 software (Umetrics AB, Umera, Sweden), using quantified data as X variables. PCA (Principal component analysis) allowed to verify the quality of data and to identify outliers. PLS-DA (Partial Least SquareDiscriminant analysis) models were then built using the tumor models as Y classes. PLS-DA models are calculated in order to minimize intra-group variance and to maximize inter-group variance. R2Y and Q2 are produced to evaluate respectively the quality of fitting and the predictability of the statistical model. R2Y>0.5 and Q2>0.5 are considered as good models. Results/Discussion. PCA analysis allows the separation of the 3 glioma models and their respective contralateral hemisphere (Fig.1). The PLS-DA statistical model built with ex vivo data shows a clear separation between the 3 glioma models (Fig.2A) whereas it is less obvious with in vivo data (Fig.2B). Metabolites that are statistically different between glioma models (data not shown) are also the most important for the separation of classes in the PLS-DA model (Fig.3). However, some metabolites such as NAA, lactate and betaine that are modulated in tumor tissue contribute less to the separation of tumor models in the PLS-DA analysis. On the other hand, hypotaurine is only observed in tumor samples [4] and participates to tumor model separation, with a higher level in RG2 and F98 than in C6.


The internal relation between humanity and rites-music is the prerequisite to entirely grasp Confucian thought and his aesthetic idea. On the basis of analyzing the structure of Confucian humanity and the humanization spirit and the social functions of rites-music, this article believes that rites-music is an important element of humanity system and that for Confucius, not only rites-music is a means of achieving humanity ideal, but also is the free and aesthetic spirit contained in rites-music the highest ideal achieved in humanity. Therefore, the unity of the beautiful and the good is not only the primary characteristic of Confucian aesthetics but also the inherent request of humanity.


This article mainly describes the Ad hoc on-demand QoS routing based on Bandwidth Prediction (AQBP). Differing from the existing QoS routing protocols, AQBP takes node future bandwidth into consideration when selects route. The future bandwidth requirement of each node is predicted by its history. The performances of throughput, transmission ratio and delay among AODV, AQOR and AQBP have been simulated. Moreover, the results represent that AQBP reduces the possibility of route change during the transmission, thus performs a higher throughput than its counterpart AQOR especially when network is busy.


Variable length coding (VLC) techniques are described for coded block patterns (CBPs) used in block-based video coding. In VLC of CBPs, patterns of transform coefficients that are more likely to occur are coded with shorter codes, while patterns of coefficients that are less likely to occur are coded with longer codes. According to the techniques of this disclosure, several different VLC tables are stored in the coding devices. During the encoding and decoding processes, one of the VLC tables is selected and used to perform the coding of CBPs for a given video block. The table may be selected based on a number of neighboring video blocks to the current video block that include non-zero transform coefficients. The techniques may be particularly useful in the coding of video blocks of enhancement layers in scalable video coding (SVC).


Stable isotopes in mollusk shells have been widely used for hydrological balance reconstructions. However, their use is restricted to lakes that preserve the calcareous material of the shells. Lago Cisnes is located in Patagonia (47°S) and shows a continuous record of three species of mollusk during the past 5000 years. The isotopic records of δ18O in Pisidium sp., Lymnaea sp., and Biomphalaria sp. show discrepancies among them, which can be explained by the differential effect that evaporation has on the habitat where each species lives. Between 1800 and 500 cal. yr BP, the three species show similar isotopic variations, suggesting that climatic condition affecting in the same way the different microhabitats in the lake. Around 1700 cal. yr BP, an enrichment of 18O on mollusks shells indicates drier conditions that prevails until 1100 cal. yr BP. Later on, isotopic signal tends to decrease, suggesting a humid period between 750 and 500 cal. yr BP. Such humid conditions lasted until 170 cal. yr BP, which were evidenced only by Biomphalaria sp. and Pisidium sp. Climate variability during the late Holocene in Lago Cisnes is in agreement with marine records from northern Patagonia, which would suggest westerlies weakening during a northward migration after 1100 cal. yr BP and/or an important temperature control on the evaporation, where low temperatures could decrease the evaporation driven by the westerlies. Additional records in this area would be requested to clarify the westerlies effects on the east flank of the Andes.


The Laboratory for Geochemistry, Cosmochemistry & Astrochemistry (LGCA), Department of Inorganic Chemistry (Faculty of Science, University of Nǐs) was established on September 18, 1978 and to its title Cosmochemistry was added during 1986 when the research team of this Laboratory started to study geochemical problems related to the meteoritic impacts of the Earth's surface. Astrochemistry (as a part of the Laboratory title) was attached during 2001 when we instigated an investigation related to the thermochemistry in the Sun Nebula. A number of compentent scientific institutions and individuals in Europe consider the Laboratory as one of the most fruitful in Southern Europe, especially in the field of the geochemistry of vanadium (and other trace metals) and organic free radicals in ancient sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels. LGCA, in rather difficult circumstances, has been maintaining a high quality profile of its research. Indeed, a number of research articles were published in respected journals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (1978, 1984, 1986 and 1993), Organic Geochemistry (1993, 2002), Naturwissenschaften, Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2000), Fuel (1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2002), Journal of Petroleum Geology (1998), Journal of the Impact Engineering (2003) and Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France (2007). In addition, two highly cited papers were published related to chemistry of organic free radicals in biology and medicine in Science and Journal of Biological Chemistry. The above journals are undoubtedly the leading in their scientific disciplines. LGCA has also published papers in numerous proceedings of international geochemical meetings. Of course, such research efforts have been noticed by the international scientific community. Scientific works of LGCA are cited over 500 times in the university textbooks, scientific reviews and papers. From 1977 to 1993 LGCA was mainly involved on the research projects related to geochemistry of trace metals in ancient sedimentary rocks (including fossil fuels) and geochemical study of petroleum and petroleum source rocks.


The article presents the results of research to substantiate the choice of optimal machine complexes in terms of technical, technological, economic and environmental efficiency. The optimization of machine complexes in crop production is carried out for each technological operation according to the performance of machines in accordance with the technical characteristics of the machines, taking into account the natural and technological conditions of work. The article discusses the rationale for choosing a sowing unit based on simulation modeling of the unit's operation during a work shift. As a result of the modeling, the values of technical and operational indicators of seeders are obtained: productivity and fuel consumption, on the basis of which indicators of economic and environmental efficiency are determined.


This work proposes a lexicalized probabilistic context free grammar designed for meter detection, an integral component of automatic music transcription. The grammar uses rhythmic cues to align a given musical piece with learned metrical stress patterns. Lexicalization breaks the standard PCFG assumption of independence of production, and thus, our grammar can model the more complex rhythmic dependencies which are present in musical compositions. Using a metric we propose for the task, we show that our grammar outperforms baseline methods when run on symbolic music input which has been hand-aligned to a tatum. We also show that the grammar outperforms an existing method when run with automatically-aligned symbolic music data as input. The code for our grammar is available at https://github.com/apmcleod/met-detection.


Assam's indigenous tribal community Mising has a rich tradition of weaving. A Mising woman, despite being engaged in myriad household activities through the day, is likely to spend some time on her loom every day. The women make garments, mainly for everyday use, on handlooms. They also weave classy products for special occasions. But now a day's Mising women weave for business purpose too. The traditional throw shuttle loom is built under the traditional stilt house. Through a tedious process, the weavers produce wraps like mekhela chador and gero, stoles like gamosa, besides some utilitarian items. However the handloom sector has still unable to provide fulltime employment opportunities to the Mising artisian hence the Weaving is not a viable livelihood for them due to certain problems.


In some situations a user needs to select or activate a single control when no other controls are plausible candidates. By reducing the precision required to complete the task we can reduce the target acquisistion and activation time. In this paper we descrbe the flying click (flick) gesture and its suitability for the selection and activation of single targets. Through experimental results we demonstrate that the flick gesture is faster and less variable for the selection of unary targets.


Urban soils are typically degraded due to land disturbance. The poor quality physical and chemical properties of the soil can benefit from application of organic amendments. Local sources of such amendments are biosolids, which are treated domestic wastewater sludges. The objective of this experiment was to compare effects of various high quality biosolids-based soil amendments with synthetic fertilizer on the growth and quality of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) under two different soil moisture regimes. The research site was a disturbed soil at the Virginia Tech Turfgrass Research Center in Blacksburg, Virginia. The experimental design was a split plot with irrigation regime as the main factor and soil amendments as the split factor. All treatments were arranged in four randomized complete blocks. The study was established in late summer 2013. Soil amendment treatments, applied prior to seeding in September 2013, were: 1) inorganic N, P, K applied according to soil test laboratory recommendations; 2) anaerobically digested, dewatered biosolids to supply agronomic N rate; 3) anaerobically digested, dewatered biosolids blended with sand and sawdust to supply agronomic N rate; 4) anaerobically digested, dewatered biosolids blended with sand and sawdust to supply agronomic P rate; and 5) composted biosolids to supply agronomic N rate. The agronomic N rate for the turfgrass was 224 kg of estimated plant available nitrogen (PAN) ha. Inorganic fertilizer was applied to supply annual P and K requirements prior to seeding in late summer, and the N was split into three application timings (September 2013, April 2014, and


The research investigates the relationship between frequency of purchase through direct mail and the purchase of products offered by mail. Although this relationship proved generally positive, in some instances a negative relationship was found. Two variables are proposed to explain these conflicting results: direct mail preference—the preference of consumers towards buying by mail—and income, which serves as a proxy for the preference of consumers to the particular product. Subsequently, the practice of target selection in the direct mail industry is examined vis-a-vis these two variables.


The following text starts at conducting a brief itinerary towards the state-of-the-art education for values and the definition of educational values that were conceived by several societies and cultures. The initial intent approaches the need for definition of the meaning of two conditionals: the act of teaching and the act of educating. We begin from the assumption that both are complementary. The former is connected to objectivity, the object of human actions, the latter complements itself in the human subjectivity. On the top of the discussion and faced with the historical reconstruction of basic social values, the meaning of values upon which contemporary society organizes itself was identified from the history of modern traditions (either religion, or layman phases in society). In this sense, education corresponds to the intent of promoting changes and attitudes of social subjects. The experience has shown that education by values in Brazilian educational legislation is a well defined theme, however still shortly developed in the routine of schools.


Chinese music history is a theoretical professional mandatory course for college music majors,which has been opened for a long time and filled with copious contents and complex knowledge.On the teaching contents and formats,teachers should develop students' professional specialties and let them participate actively,make full use of the network platform,broaden extracurricular teaching methods of the Chinese musical history,enhance the digital construction,provide information service and improve its teaching levels.


As an educator talking to staff, I am constantly asked about continuing professional development (CPD). There is great uncertainty about the implications of this relatively recent change to the registration procedure.


InCl 3 .3H 2 O catalysed highly stereoselective O-glycosidation of per-O-acetylglycopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates with a variety of aliphatic alcohols in dichloromethane at room temperature furnishes the corresponding glycosides in very good yields with excellent 1,2-trans stereoselectivity.


A sensor configured to detect a subterranean environment or isolated pressure. The sensor is configured to act as a capacitor with capacitance changes according to the pressure. It has rigid design, which has a minimum of moving parts, and any member does not perform activity through a direct electrical communication with the conductive portion (e.g., by a wire). In contrast, the movable member involved in the operation of the sensor as a capacitor charged by receiving and dispensing only a non-conductive fluid (e.g., gas and liquid within the sensor). With respect to the pressure-dependent capacitor design (in this structural arrangement, the wiring is directly connected to the movable member), this reduces the hysteresis, hysteresis and / or friction.


Recently, resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been explored as a promising technology for applications including on-chip memories, 3D-FPGA and neuromorphic computing systems. For systems with RRAM integration, it is beneficial to have better control of device characteristics to provide large design space and advanced functionalities. For example, in order to mimic the human nervous system with a complex hierarchy, it is desirable to develop multiple, well-separated RRAM characteristics on a single chip. However, intrinsic tuning of device parameters is subject to process restrictions and performance trade-off. In this paper, we present the first systematic approach to understand and utilize the doping effects for tuning RRAM characteristics. HfOx-based RRAM devices with 5 different dopants are fabricated to demonstrate the substantial tunability of key parameters including forming voltage, SET voltage and ON/OFF ratio. To explain the experimental observations, detailed ab initio calculations are performed to model the dopant-vacancy and dopant-filament interactions. The effects of 12 candidate dopants on forming and switching processes are analyzed to provide universal guidelines for dopant selection. Based on the improved tunability, novel design methodologies are further proposed to enable high-performance and multi-level RRAM devices.


The spacecraft with flywheels becomes under-actuated and the attitude controllability goes worse when only two flywheels can work.We deal with this problem for a rigid spacecraft with two flywheels.A new controller is designed by using the Backstepping design method,under the assumption of zero momentum for the spacecraft.The design process is in two steps:First,the desired angular velocity is designed to stabilize the attitude of the spacecraft,by considering the kinematics only.Next,the dynamics is combined to give the attitude control torque.The controller is a discontinuous one. It makes the attitude of the under-actuated spacecraft globally asymptotically converge to zero,and the system has a rapid and desirable transient process.Finally,simulation results indicate the feasibility of the controller presented above.


[Problem] To decompose hydrogen peroxide in a copper etching waste liquor that contains hydrogen peroxide at a high concentration, with high efficiency.
[Solution] A method of treating a copper etching waste liquor containing hydrogen peroxide, which comprises adjusting the copper etching waste liquor to pH 4 or more. When a copper etching waste liquid, which is usually a strongly acidic solution having a pH value of 3 or less, is adjusted to pH 4 or more, a copper-containing SS is generated, and the generated SS acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide in the copper etching waste liquid can be decomposed with high efficiency only by adjusting the copper etching waste liquor to pH 4 or more, without the need of dilution or heating, and without the use of any chemical substance other than an alkali agent that is used for adjusting the pH value.


On the problem of the innovation of the philosophy society science,Our study has mostly of cusecl on these aspects in the past:the principle of innovation,the lneaning of innovation,the function of innovation.But it is not enough that we have study the essence feature and the basic law of the philosophy society science.the essay think that the later is the premise of solving the basic problem of the philosophy society science innovation,therefore we win study the problem.


Due to non-experts also developing security relevant applications it is necessary to support them too. Some improvements in the current research may not reach or impact these developers. Nonetheless these developers use security libraries. There are findings that even their usage is not easily possible and applications are left vulnerable to supposedly treated threats. So it is important to improve the usability of the security libraries. This is itself is not straightforward because of a required maturing process for example. By getting together experts of different involved areas, especially cryptographic and API-usability experts, both of the problems can be tackled.


This article study the adverb which mark preference. They select an element that the speaker choose into a paradigm. The author describes their behaviour in the level of the information, argumentation and enunciation.


A case of cervical spine injury related to bungee jumping is presented. Surgical intervention resulted in resolution of the patient's quadriparesis. The incidence of serious injury connected with this pastime is not inconsiderable, and it is recommended that safer jumping practices be followed. Inspection of bungee equipment and certification of instructors is now voluntary but should be mandated. Jumping heights should be limited and the use of air cushions encouraged.


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Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in newborns with ventricular occlusion leads to decompensation of CSF dynamics with a high risk of neurological disorders and child disability. Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns. Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors analyzed the treatment of hydrocephalus in 327 newborns in 2000– 2018. 184children (Group 1)underwent standard treatment with lumbar and ventricular punctures with 20-22G needles, and with progression of hydrocephalus – ventriculo-subgaleal drainage and ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. 143 children (Group 2) with ventricular occlusion underwentcomplex treatment with coronary-transluminal subarachnoventriculostomy (RF patent No. 2715535) and ventricular drainage with a ventriculo-subarachnoid stenting system (RF patent No. 2721455). Results. The effectiveness of treatment with the inclusion of the proposed options is improvedby eliminatingocclusion, restoring circulation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, prolonged sanitation of cerebrospinal fluid with isotonic sodium chloridesolution. A positive result with compensation for hydrocephalus was achievedin 75,4% of cases versus 28,2% with the «standard» protocol ( p Conclusion. The data obtained allowus to consider the effectiveness of the inclusion of the proposed options in the modern algorithm for the treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns, to expand the possibilities for early rehabilitation and restorative treatment together with pediatricneurologists and doctors of related specialties.


ABSTRACT While comprehensive research has been conducted on the Bologna Process (BP) as well as on the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the roles of the social sciences in these reforms have remained mostly overlooked. Based on a systematic literature review of articles and reports from 1999 to 2018, we analyse the interplay of social sciences with politics in the creation of the EHEA, employing the theoretical concepts of co-production of knowledge, boundary objects as well as invited and uninvited participation. We argue that in order for a highly abstract and global concept such as the BP to become so pervasive, it requires that efforts be made to make sense of it in different local contexts. We see this done by representatives of national and European policy, who explicitly and implicitly interact with different stakeholders in the social sciences.


ABSTRACT The use of clothes, both worn and unworn, are forms of self-representation – a second skin – a bridge between internal and external – and can illustrate how inner life and externality can feel either connected or disconnected, revealing or concealing self-expression and embodied subjectivity. Clothes protect and express one's deepest vulnerability and fears and play a crucial role in self-continuity and containment – blurring the distinction between body and mind. Analysts can discover a patient's self and body-states that can be dissociated through attending to how such states are dressed whether concretely or imaginatively to maintain cohesiveness and self-organization. Clinically, this is illuminated by exploring ways in which compulsive shopping and the choices of what one packs in their suitcase (see Figure 1) or not, highlight how desire and wanting struggle for expression in the context of future uncertainties.


: This paper presents the water management low ly hon . The investigated area consists low − lying 1and 574ha ls ( 1 , 731ha ) in the Hiratakd DisUict , West − Tsugaru Regiop , Aomori Prefecture , The amount ofi π igation water in the Tsugar 巳 area is not enough tO proVide water necessary for rice planting during the 血 igahon period . Because almost no gadon water ofthe Hirataki District is supplied fbQm other areas , this area ma 血 ly depends on r used d 晦 iρ ter stored in ponds and 血 drainage canals . Therefore , the dependence rate on rain water and the ratio of re − used dra 皿 age water is vely high . The average values of the recy 。 1ed irrigation water ratio to the total amount i π igation water and drainage water over 19years ( 1986 through 20 〔叫 ) calcubted 82 % 74 % respectivel 》 」. The average ofthe rainwater utilization ratio from the VieWpoint of 血 igation factOrs and drainage factOrs over 19 years are lO5 % ald 72 % , To the ofrair ] water , the pumped i g ぬ wa r in this 鵬 a is st 叩 ped vely quickiy the beg fall .


Wireless geolocation in a multipath environment is of particular interest for wideband communications and fast- developing ultrawideband (UWB) technologies. Conventional methods are solely based on first arriving signals. In this paper, it is investigated whether and under what conditions process- ing delay estimates of multipath components in addition to first arrivals can enhance the positioning accuracy. It is shown that the enhancement depends on two principal factors: strength of multipath components and variance of nonline-of-sight (NLOS) delays. Analytical results, which are derived as an extension of a single-path propagation case (IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Feb. 2006), are presented first. Their practical implications are then discussed by examining several numerical examples. Finally, modified schemes of practical interest in a multipath environment are proposed. Index Terms—Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), general- ized CRLB (G-CRLB), maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimation, maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE), multipath, time-of-arrival (TOA) positioning.


The exact and corrected approximate QZE(ω) quality factors of an electrically small antenna were derived by using an equivalent circuit of the antenna. The quality factors complying with the lower bound on the quality factor Qlb(ω) were defined by means of magnitudes of frequency derivatives of reactance of resonant and antiresonant subcircuits to provide their additivity in the vicinity of an antiresonant frequency ωa. The quality factor QZE(ω) was used to approximate the conductance bandwidth of an antenna with overlapped resonances. The quality factors at the maximums of the bands of conductance and return loss QZE(ω1,2) were utilized to calculate the composite quality factor of the antenna QZEc(ωa) >; Qlb(ω).