Citizen Journalism phenomenon began to spread to the people of Riau. Tribun Pekanbaru as local media into a battering ram that provide space for people to write down related to the problems they face, named Rubric Citizen Report. This rubric contained 32 pages and is published every Monday through Saturday. Through the rubric of free citizens to write about all the problems they face, but there are still many shortcomings during the writing rubric news in the Citizen Report. Therefore, this study aims to determine the process of citizen journalism in news writing rubric Citizen Report on Tribun Pekanbaru daily and know the elements of citizen journalism on the news section on the Citizen Report Tribun Pekanbaru contained in the writings of the residents. This study uses descriptive qualitative in-depth interviews. This study also used a model of agenda setting that emphasizes Tribun Pekanbaru provides a rubric Citizen Report with a view to involving the community as a supervisor in any problems that occur. This study was carried out on the rubric Citizen Report published 22 November until 19 June 2014 subject of this study is divided into two groups, namely from the Tribun editorial Pekanbaru comprising Chief Editor, senior editor, editor in charge of Pages, and that settle Reporter posts. Both come from the writing rubric citizen Citizen Report. The result of this study is the first no determination of topics, both rely on the fact that something will be seen, the third never do interviews, four editing process is done ignoring the rules in news writing, comprehension five residents will be writing the news still is lacking. Meanwhile, news of the elements found some results of research that has been done, the first article of citizens still included in the actual category, two posts citizens still show a number of facts, three residents and editors still consider the importance of a phenomenon to be used as news, the fourth events that made news by residents are still included in the category of interest. Keywords: News writing, citizen journalism and news element.


A report to reflect on learning from the Leeds URBACT Project, a project between partners in the NHS and Leeds City Council which looked at the relationship between health innovation and community engagement.


Abstract : The reflected blast overpressures in a closed vessel and stagnation blast overpressures in the free field environment were measured for Composition B (Comp B), LX-14, and Pentolite in three sets of experiments. In the first set of tests the reflected pressures were measured in a 64:1 chamber volume-to-explosive volume ratio for these explosives in nominally 10-g sizes. A second set of tests consisted of measuring the reflected pressures in a 40:1 volume ratio chamber for nominally 15-g Comp B and LX-14 explosive charges. For the final set of measurements, the stagnation pressures were recorded for Comp B and LX-14, nominally 900-g sizes in a series of free field experiments conducted in the Colorado School of Mines Experimental Mine at Idaho Springs, CO. The bar pressure gage was the primary sensor/transducer combination for performing the measurements for both the closed chamber tests and the free field tests. For the closed vessel tests the bar gages were positioned to measure pressure at the wall of the chamber at several locations relative to the center of the explosive, which also was at the center of the vessel. The bar gages for the free field tests were located around the charge at distances determined by cube root scaling of the explosive weight to the vessel test geometry. Measured blast pressures were compared with those predicted using the JWL equation of state and the HULL hydrocode. Reasonable correspondence was found among the various gage locations and the measured and predicted blast pressures.


Introduction White-Collar Crime and Criminals White-Collar Crime Theories White-Collar Crime Analysis Stages of Corporate Responsibility Empirical Study of Financial Crime Conclusion Reference Index.


The article examines the place of electricity supply enterprises among trade enterprises in Ukraine. The importance of forming an effective pricing strategy and tactics for goods or services produced or provided by an energy industry enterprise was determined. It was revealed that the definition of the essence of pricing at electricity supply enterprises remains logically incomplete, which complicates this process. The main approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "price" and "pricing" have been studied. It is proposed to define the concept of price for electricity supply enterprises – it is a monetary reward that electricity suppliers are willing to pay to producers, which is determined on the basis of the interaction of the laws of cost, demand and supply at a specific time when an agreement is concluded between the electricity supplier and the producer. The purpose of the study is to unify and systematize approaches to determining the essence of pricing at electricity supply enterprises. In the conditions of the instability of the development of enterprises and with the strengthening of the European integration processes of the economy, there is an urgent need to ensure the continuity of activity, which may depend on the effectiveness of the price policy. The sphere of trade in Ukraine is a defining type of activity in the sphere of circulation, which is an intermediate link between the production and consumption of goods and services and ensures a balance between them. The existence of a large number of sellers determines the need to manage the pricing process at the enterprise. According to the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the total number of economic entities of Ukraine, in recent years, the largest share belongs to enterprises of wholesale and retail trade. A separate segment of trade enterprises are electricity supply enterprises that provide exchange on the electric energy market and have been operating in Ukraine for a while now. In the conditions of the market economy, for the efficient and profitable operation of the enterprise, it is necessary to choose the most effective strategy and pricing tactics for the goods or services that the enterprise produces or provides.


Objective To detect the antibacterial activity of Pediocin PA-1 acquired by genetic engineering.Method The antibacterial activity of Pediocin PA-1 against Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella and E.coli O157 were detected by agar diffusion method.Result The Pediocin PA-1 had inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella and E.coli O157,which were obvious on Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella,and E.coli O157,and weak on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion The Pediocin PA-1 acquired by genetic engineering has got antibacterial activity.


In this paper, we comprehensively discuss the current progress of visual–inertial (VI) navigation systems and sensor fusion research with a particular focus on small unmanned aerial vehicles, known as microaerial vehicles (MAVs). Such fusion has become very topical due to the complementary characteristics of the two sensing modalities. We discuss the pros and cons of the most widely implemented VI systems against the navigational and maneuvering capabilities of MAVs. Considering the issue of optimum data fusion from multiple heterogeneous sensors, we examine the potential of the most widely used advanced state estimation techniques (both linear and nonlinear as well as Bayesian and non-Bayesian) against various MAV design considerations. Finally, we highlight several research opportunities and potential challenges associated with each technique.


The blazing speeds provided by modern communication technologies have changed the methods of communication to such an extent that communicating today has become literally real time. Dissemination of information or news is now instantaneous and almost informal, transferred as and when it happens by the millions of users of these social networks. The emerging trend does not stop as dissemination of news and information only but has found extension in people keeping in touch with each other as more and more people are adopting it as powerful means of remaining connected and in constant touch with their friends and family. Blogging, micro blogging and video chat are the least popular forms of communications. The SMS habit of teenagers shows the compulsive type of behavior of text messaging which reveals the rudimentary seeds of full blown obsession in their behavior. These facts not only outline in clear terms the immense popularity of the internet and the use of social media but also are indicative of their addictive nature. The study is an attempt to analyze the usage pattern of the new media among the students of Kashmir University students.


1 Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur (Odisha), 768017 2,3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences And Research, Burla, Sambalpur (Odisha),768017 Corrresponding Author Dr Keshaba Panigrahy Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, VSS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur (Odisha),768017 Email: email@example.com Abstract Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of computerized tomography and USG in detecting various findings of upper GI malignancy and validate the results with histopathological diagnosis. Material and Method: A prospective study of 60 patients with diagnosed or suspected cases of upper GI malignancy was conducted at VIMSAR, Burla (Odisha). All the patients were subjected to USG and noncontrast and contrast enhanced CT. Endoscopy and histopathology reports were obtained. Observation: Most patients were in the age group of 51 to70 years with male dominance (M:F ratio 1.8). Dysphagia was the most common presenting symptom in esophageal malignancy where as weight loss and abdominal pain were the predominant in gastric malignancy. Mid esophagus was the mostcommon site of esophageal malignancy and antrum in case of gastric malignancy. On imaging, maximum patients show wall thickening with luminal narrowing and homogenous or heterogenous mild to moderate contrast enhancement. Conclusion: In our study, we found CECT and USG are highly helpful for detection of upper GI malignancy. CECT is more efficient for detection of lymph node spread than USG where as both modalities are equally effective for detection of distant abdominal organ metastasis. The imaging modalities are more effective to detect exophytic growth such as GIST and malignancy with diffuse involvement of stomach such as Linitis Plastica and Lymphoma which can be often missed in upper GI endoscopy.


Fighting road insecurity requires data on accidents. The author specifies the requirements these data should meet and the role which is played by the Dutch road accident registration (vor). He describes the analyses which are feasible using this vor-output and gives some examples of practical applications. (TRRL)


This study examines classroom curricula and activities in the academic year subsequent to a flooding disaster that led to school being canceled five weeks before the usual end of the academic year. Fifty-seven elementary school teachers from five schools provided information regarding alterations they made in their curriculum in the academic year subsequent to the flood. Curricular adjustments took the form of additional review of information from the previous academic year and integration of flood related information into classroom curricula. Curricular adjustments made by teachers were found to vary as a function of the grade taught. Teachers in the earliest grades made more alterations in their reading, writing, and expressive language instruction as compared to teachers in the more advanced grades. Teachers in the more advanced grades made more alterations in mathematics instruction than teachers in the earliest grades. Specific ways in which teachers included information regarding the flood into their curriculum included discussion, reading stories, drawing pictures, and writing essays and books on topics which related to floods. It is important to note that these post disaster interventions were unplanned; individual classroom teachers made decisions about if and how they would make alterations in their curriculum in the wake of the disaster the previous year. School districts may find it advantageous to develop contingency plans in the event that a disaster or another significantly disruptive event does occur. We also recommend that school districts more carefully document post-disaster educational experiences of their students, within and outside of the school district, in order to learn


In this essay I propose to offer some observations in due course on how Christian thought and practice in general (though some reference will be made to the Indian context) might profit from a central theme in the theology of Rāmānuja, a Tamil Vaisnava Brahmin whose traditional date straddles the eleventh and twelfth centuries of the Christian era. The central theme I have in mind is expressed in Rāmānuja's view that the 'world' is the 'body' of Brahman or God. We shall go on to explain what this means, but let me state first that my overall aim is to further inter-religious understanding, especially between Christian and Hindu points of view. In professing a concern for inter-religious dialogue I know that I reflect a longstanding interest of Professor H. D. Lewis. I shall seek to show that the Christian religion can profit both from the content and the method of Rāmānuja's body-of-God theology. To this end this essay is divided into two sections. Section I is the longer: it contains an analysis of what Rāmānuja did (and did not) mean by his body-of-God theme – doubtless unfamiliar ground for most of the readers of this essay – and serves as a propaedeutic for what follows in section 2. In section 2 I shall attempt to 'extrapolate' Rāmānuja's thinking into a Christian context, with dialogue in mind. Section 2 cannot be appreciated for the promise I hope it holds out without the (sometimes involved) detail of the first section.


Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to comparatively study the structure of the bone matrix of rat tibia from an intact region with that from regions submitted to surgical injury. We used young male adult rats (Wistar), with corporal masses between 250 and 300 g. Each injury was provoked by drilling a 1.5-mm-diam hole in one cortical tibia surface. The healing course was monitored at 8 and 15 days after the injury. Atomic force microscopy images, at different magnifications, allowed the identification of the time dependence of the osteoblast activity, measured by the increase in the area of neoformed primary bone and in the organization of the collagen fibers of the bone matrix. Characterization of the natural recovery of the damaged bone tissue by AFM is potentially of great importance because it allows the comparison of natural recovery processes with those induced by medicines and other therapeutic procedures.


We present a systematic study on the exciton relaxation in high-purity AlGaAs epilayers. The time for the excitonic photoluminescence to reach its maximum intensity, defined as tmax, shows a nonmonotonic dependence on excitation density which is attributed to a competition between exciton localization and carrier–carrier scattering. A phenomenological four level model fully describes the influence of exciton localization on tmax. This localization effect is enhanced by the increase of the Al content in the alloy and disappears when localization is hindered by rising the lattice temperature above the exciton trapping energy.


In order to solve the financial crisis during the Northern Song dynasty,many people suggested measures on increasing revenues to achieve the purpose of enriching the country and increasing its military force,among which Sima Guang′s financial ideas are more typical.Sima Guang′s financial ideas are: view that open up new sources of revenue,including opening revenue source channels,developing agricultural production and playing a role of circulation of commodities;cutting concept,including saving redundant costs;appointment view of talent,including focusing on talent′s management capability.Sima Guang′s financial thinking has still an important reference value on nowadays.


Since teachers typically focus on the quantitative analysis of the data when writing the analysis report on the achievement of course objectives, there is no guarantee that the final calculation result is valid. They should give equal consideration as to whether the source of the data is also reliable. This paper combines the emerging computational psychometrics and causal inference science, and mainly solves two engineering teaching problems. First, this paper proposes to use computational psychometrics as an instrumental variable to explore its deconfounding effect in teaching assessment, which can eliminate the influence of confounding factors in engineering experimental teaching assessment. Secondly, the scientific method of causal inference is used to calculate the causal effect factor of the experimental results on the test scores from the observation data. Then, characterize the influence of the experimental scores on the test scores, thus solving the cross-modal problem of the process data participation calculation. The method proposed in this paper cannot only ensure the reliability of the data source but can also unify the calculation mode so that the degree of achievement of the course objectives can be more accurately calculated, which is helpful for teachers to continuously improve the teaching level.


The recent announcement of the formation of an Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC) was of momentous importance for the future of the region an importance which would be too easy to underestimate. It has great potential to grow to incorporate further parties, and sets the scene for the future relationship between energy and environment in the region.


Background: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has become a popular procedure for re-orientation of the acetabulum in patients with a developmental pathomorphology. Since its first description by Reinhold Ganz in 1988, many institutions worldwide have adopted the procedure for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) and have subsequently reported their results. The aim of this study was to provide a meta-analysis of the likelihood of long-term survival of a dysplastic hip after PAO. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, Cochrane and "Web of Science" databases to identify articles reporting survival estimates for PAO in patients with DDH. To be included in the analysis, studies had to include patient cohorts aged <40 years, with Osteoarthritis grade < Tönnis III and no form of neuromuscular dysplasia. Adjustment for cohort overlap was performed. Quality assessment included level of evidence (LOE) according to the oxford center for LOE criteria and the "Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS)". After data extraction, a random-effects meta-analytical model was applied to provide weighted mean estimates of survival at 5 years, 10 years, 15 years and 20 years. Results: Nine relevant articles included 2268 dysplastic hips that underwent PAO in 9 institutions. Of the included studies, 5 presented level III evidence and 4 presented level IV evidence. The MINORS score was 11 for 3 studies, 12 for 4 studies and 13 for 2 studies. The 5-year survival after PAO was 96.1% (95% CI, 94.9–97.3), the 10-year survival was 91.3% (95% CI, 87.7–94.8), 15-year survival 85.0% (95% CI, 78.9–91.1), 20-year survival 67.6% (95% CI, 53.9–81.3). Conclusions: The results provide a representative survival estimate of a dysplastic hip after PAO based on global evidence. This should provide clinicians and patients with an adequate reflection of prognostic expectations after this kind of surgery.


We report an electrically reconfigurable metasurface platform based on optical phase change materials. Multi-cycle reversible switching is realized using conductive micro-heaters. Large-contrast spectral tuning and beam-steering are demonstrated.


The surface structure of the polyimide alignment layer has been probed by various tools, but a direct visualization of the treated layer surface over a sizable area is lacking. We demonstrate Brewster angle microscope imaging of the micro-grooves formed on a rubbed polyimide alignment layer, compared with the flat surface image of a photo-aligned polyimide surface. Textures of cholesteric liquid crystal on these alignment layers showed that the rubbing causes a nonuniform orientational alignment of liquid crystals, in contrast to a uniform orientation in the photo-aligned cell. This tool enables early detection of surface defects in alignment layers, which would significantly reduce the failure in liquid crystal display fabrication.


An improved incoherent back projection (BP) imaging method is proposed, in which self-amplitude weighting is applied to improve the resolution of each coarse image and multiplicative tomography weighting is applied to suppress the background interference as well as to further enhance the final image resolution. Performance of this method is investigated through numerical simulation and experiment. The results show that, compared with traditional BP imaging method, the proposed method achieves remarkably improved resolution and background suppression. Therefore, this improved BP imaging method is a good solution to high-performance radar imaging.


The purpose of this study is to investigate that the effects of a integration swimming experience on the normal children`s acceptive attitude toward children with mental retardation. I chose normal children, 120 of boys and 128 of girls, integrating swimming at S Community Rehabilitation Center in Seoul, were they subject of this study. For this study, I used receptive capacity index which is developed to measure acceptive attitude of normal children who are taking integrated education with handicapped children as a tool. 12 questionnaires was excepted 248 questionnaire for data analysis, that were unable to handle statistically because of incorrect marking. The collected data were processed into average, standard deviation, One-way ANOVA using SPSS. As I integrated the effects of the analysis and discussion. According to the purpose of this study, I could finally get the conclusion as follows. First, the girls who took part in the integration swimming class are more positive acceptive attitude than the boys who took part in. Second, children who have swimming experience with mental retardation are more positive acceptive attitude than another children who have no swimming experience with mental retardation.


AIM To elucidate whether apoptosis is involved in the development of multidrug resistance in 5-fluorouracil resistant cells Bel7402/5-FU. METHODS Multidrug resistance of Bel7402/5-FU cells was determined by SRB assay, apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI double labeled assay, cell cycle phases were analysed by flow cytometry, and expression of genes related to apoptosis bcl-2, bcl-xl, bcl-xs, bax, fas, p53, and cpp32 was detected by RT-PCR assay. RESULTS Bel7402/5-FU cells were resistant not only to 5-FU but also to multiple anticancer drugs. When treated with the same concentration of 5-FU (30 μmol·L -1 or 150 μmol·L -1 ), the proportion of apoptosis was significantly increased and G_0/G_1 phase was increased and S and G_2/M phases were reduced in Bel7402 cells, but the proportion of apoptosis and cell cycle was not changed in Bel7402/5-FU cells. The expression of bcl-xl, bcl-xs, and bax mRNA were significantly increased and the expression of p53 and cpp32 mRNA were significantly decreased in resistant Bel7402/5-FU cells, as compared with Bel7402 cells. CONCLUSION Decrease of apoptosis may be related to multidrug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Bel7402/5-FU. The up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes are involved in the development of multidrug resistance in Bel7402/5-FU cells.


Aiming at the problem of main shaft wall in a certain coal main new weeny cracks happened in the process of ground grouting reinforcing shaft face in Yanzhou mining area, the authors have carefully studied and expatiated the causes leading to the cracks, and hold that the main cause is the stress accumulation based on the investigation and the analysis of supervision data. When the overall stress of the vertical additional stress resulted from the asymmetrical and rapid uplift deformation of the stratum in the process of ground grouting is greater than the tensile stress of the wall concrete, the shaft wall will fracture. And some measures to prevent the wall from cracks are put forward.


The utility model relates to a book page-turning tool, in particular to an automatic page-turning device, which comprises a base and a groove arranged at the middle position of the base. The automatic page-turning device is characterized in an air suction pipe is arranged on the left side of the base, the air suction pipe is connected with an electric wire, and a button is arranged on the electric wire. The automatic page-turning device has the advantages of achieving the aim of page-turning by only slightly pressing one button and being simple in structure, practical, convenient and suitable for wide popularization and application.


The guest list for the special celebration dinner for the contractors involved with preparing stadiums and infrastructure for the 2010 World Cup clearly revealed that our construction industry, sixteen years after democracy, is still managed predominantly by white businesses and business people.


Monitoring and controlling operating parameters in thermoelectric power plants (TPPs) is a relevant activity to achieve the optimal functioning of the electric system. Due to system complexity, the adjustment of operating parameters is often performed based on technical team know-how and a simplified analytical model, which can result in a suboptimal regime. Therefore, time series forecasting methods are promising alternatives to describe the observed behavior of energy generation, fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. For this purpose, different linear and non-linear models are applied to predict the next minute of fuel consumption related to an engine used in a Brazilian TPP powered by diesel and heavy fuel oil (HFO). This work uses error correction-based approaches that address linear models combined with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict the time series. The combination of ARIMA optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) reduced the error rate by 32.97% when compared with the best linear model. The hybrid model developed in this work can be used as an auxiliary tool for maintenance and operation planning of TPPs engines when a short-term horizon is considered.


The authors present a novel taskload metric, Instantaneous Power Spectrum (IPS), and use the IPS to investigate the taskload of pilots conducting helicopter shipboard operations with and without cueing sets. A brief review of the most relevant studies on the application of time-frequency analysis to flight dynamics is provided to situate the reader. The authors derive the IPS from classical time-frequency analysis methods and modify it using foundational rotorcraft inceptor theory. The accuracy of IPS as a taskload metric is assessed by analyzing a small set of helicopter shipboard landing scenarios with and without the assistance of 3D Conformal Pilot Cueing. The goal of the study is to explore the relationship of power in crossover (0.5-1.0 Hz) and stabilization (1.0-2.5 Hz) frequency bands to the taskload experienced by the pilot. These initial results indicate that the IPS is comparable to the well-established time-varying power frequency and provides detailed insight into pilot taskload during maneuvers.


Sparse representation of signals has many important applications in signal processing. However, this issue is well known as a complex and NP problem, which is a key factor to depress the application and progress of sparse decomposition. In this work, seeker optimization algorithm(SOA)- based method is used to search for the best matching atoms in sparse decomposition. For comparision, the conventional matching pursuit (MP) method and two versions of PSO algorithms are also consid- ered in the simulation studies. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is an effective and reliable technique for time-frequency atom decomposition.


Drought is a basic reason of low grain yield in many field crops including maize (Zea mays L.). Identifying growth stages of any promising cultivar for irrigation scheduling under local climate and soil fertility can maximize yield. Potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD) approach (a difference between potential evapotranspiration and rainfall plus irrigation) describes the response of canopy growth to water shortage.To examine the productivity of different autumn-sown maize hybrids under irrigation scheduling at different growth stages and PSMD levels, a field study was conducted with split plot arrangement at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan) during 2009 and 2010. The treatments consisted of two maize hybrids (Monsanto-919 and Pioneer-30Y87) and seven irrigation levels: I1 = no irrigation (control), I2 = 4 irrigations, I3 = 6 irrigations, I4 = 8 irrigations, I5 = 10 irrigations (1st irrigation starting at 6 leaf stage, followed by subsequent irrigations at an interval of 4 leaf stages in all irrigation treatments and addition of two reproductive stages in I3, I4 and I5 successively), I6 = irrigation at 25 mm PSMD and I7 = irrigation at 50 mm PSMD. The results showed that Pioneer-30Y87 produced more plant height but the two hybrids did not differ significantly in other growth and yield parameters.Among all irrigation treatments, 6 and 8 irrigation treatments were statistically at par with treatments of 10 irrigations and irrigation at 25 mm PSMD in radiation use efficiency, water use efficiency, 500-grain weight, grain yield and TDM production. So more number of irrigations is not a criterion for getting maximum yield in all maize hybrids. PSMD can be used as a useful criterion for scheduling irrigation under irrigated conditions of Pakistan. CSM-CERES-Maize model was used to simulate the growth, development and yield of maize under different irrigation regimes.The correct definition of soil drained upper (SLL) and lower limits (SDUL) played vital role in simulation by the model during dry season of 2009 and wet season of 2010.During model calibration, simulated total dry matter, maturity yield and maximum LAI were within 10 % of the observed values. During model evaluation, there was generally satisfactory agreement between all observed and simulated values of the two hybrids.Mean-Gini Dominance (MGD) analysis confirmed the observed information through 30 years climate data analysis that I3 and I4 were the best irrigation levels.So CSMCERES- Maize can be used to simulate maize growth and yield at different irrigation regimes under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan.


The results of a recently completed study indicate that Nigerian women find Norplant to be an acceptable and effective method of contraception. In 1989, the Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception (AVSC) initiated a 2-year study of Norplant use in Nigeria. Conducted in 5 hospitals, the study compared the characteristics of Norplant acceptors with those of women choosing other modern contraceptive methods (injectables, IUDs, or sterilization). 6994 women, 18% of whom chose Norplant, took part in the study. The study found that those women choosing Norplant tended to be young and have fewer children than the women who opted for sterilization. On average, Norplant users, were 30 years of age and had 4 living children. Most were married, lived in urban areas, and had either a primary or secondary level or education. 54% of Norplant users expressed a desire for more children in the future. The women reported choosing Norplant because of its efficacy, convenience of use, and long-term protection. Because of the thorough counseling on the possible side effects of Norplant (mainly menstrual irregularities), most women were able to cope well with them. After 6 months of use, more than 95% of Norplant users said that they would recommend the method to a friend. And at the conclusion of the 2-year study, only 12% of the women had discontinued the use. The reason most commonly cited for removal was menstrual problems, followed by the desire for another pregnancy. Soon, Nigeria is expected to grant Norplant formal approval. AVSC plans to work with the country's Ministry of Health in expanding the availability of the method.


Targeting conserved and essential processes is a successful strategy to combat enemies. Remarkably, the clinically important Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) use this tactic to spread in nature. SaPIs reside passively in the host chromosome, under the control of the SaPI-encoded master repressor, Stl. It has been assumed that SaPI de-repression is effected by specific phage proteins that bind to Stl, initiating the SaPI cycle. Different SaPIs encode different Stl repressors, so each targets a specific phage protein for its de-repression. Broadening this narrow vision, we report here that SaPIs ensure their promiscuous transfer by targeting conserved phage mechanisms. This is accomplished because the SaPI Stl repressors have acquired different domains to interact with unrelated proteins, encoded by different phages, but in all cases performing the same conserved function. This elegant strategy allows intra- and inter-generic SaPI transfer, highlighting these elements as one of nature's most fascinating subcellular parasites.


A pilot test was conducted on a new constructed survey instrument designed to measure student frustration levels in four specific areas that were related to participation in a computer-based distance education course. The four areas investigated were the amount of frustration attributed to the characteristics and instructions of the class, the skill and competence of the instructor, the course format as related to computer technology, and the general experience of participating in an online course. The survey was distributed to students enrolled in computer-based (online) distance education courses. The survey instrument was evaluated for reliability and construct validity. The results for reliability were encouraging ( = .9226). Yet, the factor analysis results of a rotated three-factor solution to assess construct validity were inconclusive. This may have been the result of the small sample size (n = 55). The lack of research and evaluative instruments in this area emphasizes the need for an in-depth analysis of this topic and the subsequent modification of the survey instrument.


Due to various kind of waterproof materials and methods, which is difficult to select the most appropriate to waterworks. The materials used to prevent the deterioration of the service life is short, because of the chemical erosion. So, in the 2010 Office of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government has set new standards. Recently, SMC panel is a trend that is being applied to water treatment facilities. However, SMC panel has not yet implemented a performance evaluation. Therefore, this study to confirm that satisfaction for the Office of Waterworks Seoul Metropolitan Government of the performance requirements, when the applied the SMC panel to water treatment structure.


The olfactory nervous system is responsible for the detection of odors. Primary sensory olfactory neurons are located in a neuroepithelial sheet lining the nasal cavity. The axons from these neurons converge on to discrete loci or glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Each glomerulus consists of the termination of thousands of primary axons on the dendrites of second-order olfactory neurons. What are the molecular mechanisms which guide growing olfactory axons to select sites in the olfactory bulb? We have shown that subpopulations of these axons differentially express cell surface carbohydrates and that these different subpopulations target and terminate in particular regions of the olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the olfactory neurons and glial components in the olfactory pathway between the nose and brain express galectin-1. By using in vitro assays of neurite outgrowth we found that both galectin-1 and it's ligands were capable of specifically stimulating neurite elongation. Examination of the olfactory system in galectin-1 null mutants revealed that a subpopulation of axons failed to navigate to their target site in the olfactory bulb. This is the first phenotypic effect observed in galectin-1 null mutants and indicates that galectin-1 has a role in the growth and/or guidance of a subpopulation of axons in the olfactory system during development.


Background : To explore whether neoneurogenesis is a predisposing factor to the development and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) . Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with TSCC were included. The objectives were divided into 4 groups according to WHO T-stage standard (five cases in each group) and 2 groups based on lymph node metastasis or not. Detection of neoneurogenesis in paraffin sections from primary tongue cancer tissues was stained by Neurofilament-Light chain antibody (NF-L) using immunohistochemistry method (IHC). The number of new growth nerve fiber bundles was calculated in each randomized view from 3 non-overlapping microscope fields of each tumor section under a light microscope at X 200. Differences in the density of nerve fiber bundles among the T-stage groups and lymph node metastasis groups were calculated using Chi-square test. An ɑ level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of patients varied from 33 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.10±11.18 years. Males were affected predominantly with a ratio of 1.5:1 to females. IHC staining of NF-L was positive in all 20 paraffin sections of TSCC which suggested that newly growth nerves (namely neoneurogenesis) were observed in tumor mciroenvironment. The intensity of newly formed nerve bundles increased with T stage, and the difference was statistically significant between early stage (T1、T2) and late stage (T3、T4) (p=0.000). Increased prevalence of newly growth nerve bundles correlated significantly to the cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.000). Conclusions: Neoneurogenesis in tumor microenviroment of TSCC is a predisposing factor to its aggressive development and cervical lymph node metastasis. From a therapeutic perspective, further studies on the topic may provide a new clinical opportunity through anti-neurogenesis.


This paper aims to analyze the bonds that occur between the notion of academic freedom and religion, from the scope of the dogmatic core of the right, but in the line of their historical relations and the emergence of modern academic freedom as well. The examination is performed in the context of german research university, which strongly contrast with scholastic period, but also in the context of its further development in the American university. This process ends with the AAUP 1915 Declaration, which shapes the present status of relationships between denominational and public universities. The main proposal of the paper is that academic freedom and faith, despite they seem opposed to modern mentality, actually are inseparable at the essence of the right, either from a negative or a positive point of view.


The equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of M 2Te(M=Cu,Ag,Au)monomers are calculated at HF, MP2, CCSD and CCSD(T) levels with relativistic and non relativistic pseudopotential. The calculated results indicated that the structure of the M 2Te is bent( C 2v ) . Electron correlation corrections on the bond length are small, and on the bond angles are very significant, the angle M Te M is reduced by 23.3° for M=Cu, by 21.8° for M=Ag and by 21.7° for M=Au. The relativistic effects significantly shorten the bond length of Au 2Te, the R Au Te is shortened by 20.2 pm(HF) and by 18.7 pm(MP2), respectively. Comparing Au 2Te with Cu 2Te and Ag 2Te, it can be predicted that the Au 2Te is relatively stable.


In this era of globalization, the problem of human resources in a company demands more attention, because no matter how sophisticated the technology used in a company and no matter how much capital the company plays, the employees in the company will ultimately run it. In relation to the consequences of being laid off, it is appropriate for the employer to provide compensation (severance pay) as a result of the termination of employment. As it has been regulated by the government of the Republic of Indonesia in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Article 156 paragraph 1 reads: "In the event of termination of employment, the entrepreneur is obliged to pay severance pay and/or service award money and compensation for entitlements that should have been received". Termination of Employment Relations at companies in Indonesia gradually has an impact on the unemployment rate which is increasing day by day and in essence will lead to arbitrariness on the part of employers to terminate employment. Therefore, the researcher wants to know how the termination of employment according to Law Number 12 of 2003 concerning Employment. This research was conducted at PT. Ekadharma Internasional Tbk Padang Branch. The type of research used is empirical juridical research, which is to see how the implementation of existing laws and regulations with their implementation in society. Implementation of termination of employment at PT. Eka Dharma International Tbk Padang Branch occurred because the employee had committed a serious violation and resigned voluntarily but not in accordance with the procedures as stipulated in the Company Regulations. Termination of employment still refers to Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. First, problem solving is carried out by deliberation between the Company and employees. If this deliberation does not reach an agreement, then a mediation process is carried out by filing a lawsuit with the Social and Manpower Office.


Structure health monitoring has great significance on ensuring safety of flight,eddy current sensor on bottom layer is the key device to obtain state of structurs. The eddy current sensor is designed,prese crack monitoring system is carried out to monitor material of 304 austenitic stainless steel,2A12—T4 aluminum alloy and TC4 titanium alloy. Experimental result shows that while the optimal frequency increases monitoring of 304 austenitic stainless steel and TC4 titanium alloy material,which the conductivity is lower than 2A12—T4 aluminum alloy material. preset crack has different effects on amplitude and phase of transimpedance,amplitude change is greater than phase change; transimpedance change rate of Sensor increases along with increasing of crack width;the flexible eddy current sensor achieves recognition and quantitative monitoring on crack length.


The robot pose error results from many kinds of influencing factors. The influence of mechanical errors and control errors can not be eliminated by control system itself, so it needs to be compensated by control algorithm. The compensation of robot synthetic pose errors resulting from various factors was discussed. A numerical approach was presented to calculate the numerical value for compensating synthetic pose errors of the robots. The approach is especially applicable to the robots, whose links and joints possess flexibility. The numerical example indicates that the approach has a favorable compensation effect.


Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy that is defined by translocations of the NUTM1 gene and has a median survival of less than one year. Although immunotherapy is an attractive novel therapeutic option, the immune microenvironment has not yet been characterized in this tumor type. We performed immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, IDO1, CD8, CD68, FOXP3 and myeloperoxidase on whole-slide sections from 9 cases of NUT carcinoma, quantified immune cell subsets using Halo image analysis software, manually scored percentage of PD-L1 and IDO1 expression in tumor cells, and classified immune cell PD-L1 expression as focal (≤5%) or non-focal (>5%). The 9 NUT carcinomas included 6 sinonasal, 2 mediastinal, and 1 soft tissue primaries. Median survival was 11 months (range 2-19); 7 patients (78%) died of disease while 2 (22%) had no evidence of disease at last follow up (12 and 19 months). All tumors demonstrated a dominant population of myeloperoxidase+ neutrophils, with a mean density of 954/mm2 (range 14-2311). There were also a mean 59/mm2 CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells (range 15-107), 75/mm2 FOXP3+ T-regulatory cells (range 9-349), and 54/mm2 CD68+ macrophages (range 0-417). Immune cell density did not correlate with survival. Four tumors (44%) expressed PD-L1, with mean 17% positivity (range 0-70%). PD-L1 expression was associated with improved survival (p=0.02), with higher mean PD-L1 levels in surviving patients (65% vs. 4%, p Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Lisa M. Rooper, Nyall R. London, Janis M. Taube, William H. Westra, Justin A. Bishop, Hyunseok Kang. PD-L1 expression and the tumor immune microenvironment in NUT carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1191.


Aim:To study the level of ICAM-1,especially soluble ICAM-1,in the serum and the supernatant of PBMC in patients with myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:We use ELISA to quanlificate the level of sICAM-1 in the serum and in PBMC culture supernatant of patients with MG and the healthy controls.Results:There was no significant difference in the serum level of sICAM-1 between the patients with MG and the healthy controls.While the level of sICAM-1 in the supernatant of the patients with MG was higher than that in healthy control.The supernatant level of sICAM-1 of seven patients with MG co-cultured with dexametha- sone was decreased after 48 hours.Conclusion:PBMC secretes more sICAM-1 in MG patients than in normals.It is a better method to analyze the supernatant level of sICAM-1 in PBMC supernatant cultured with FBS in patients with MG.Dexamethasone can down-regulate the secretion of sICAM-1.


Disruptive behaviour disorders are the most frequent reason for referral of children and adolescents to mental health services. The financial, health, and social toll on these children, their families, and society is considerable. Many questions remain regarding families of children with ADHD such as the links between parental psychopathology, parenting and coparenting variables and child adjustment. I examined self-reported parenting, coparenting and psychopathology in parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in parents of children without ADHD. Mothers and fathers of 25 children (9 girls, 16 boys) aged 6-12 with ADHD and 20 children without ADHD (8 girls, 12 boys) completed the positive involvement subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Shelton, Frick, & Wootton, 1996), the Parenting Scale (Arnold, O'Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993), the Child-Rearing Disagreements scale (Jouriles et al., 1991), the Parental Alliance Measure (Abidin & Brunner, 1995), the Adult Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003) and the Conners' Adult Attention Rating Scale-Screening Version (Conners, Erhardt, & Sparrow, 1999). Both mothers and fathers of children with ADHD reported more symptoms of ADHD, internalizing problems, and tobacco use than did mothers and fathers of children without ADHD. In addition, children with ADHD were significantly more likely than children without ADHD to live in families where both the mother and the father experienced high levels of symptomatology. There were significant gender differences in parenting, with mothers reporting more laxness and greater involvement than did fathers. Significant group differences were found, with parents of children with ADHD reporting more overreactivity than did parents of children without ADHD. In terms of coparenting there were no significant differences between mothers and fathers or between parents of children with and without ADHD for either child-rearing disagreements or parental alliance. Avoidant


We show that for Chevalley groups G(R) of rank at least 2 over a ring R the root subgroups are (nearly always) the double centralizer of a corresponding root element. If G(R) has finite elementary width, this implies that R and G(R) are bi-interpretable, yielding a new approach to bi-interpretability for algebraic groups over a wide range of rings and fields. For such groups it then follows that the group G(R) is finitely axiomatizable in the appropriate class of groups provided R is finitely axiomatizable in the corresponding class of rings.


This fine history of Electricite de France (EDF), the giant nationalized power utility created in 1946, makes an important set of arguments about business, labor, and technology in postwar France. In many respects EDF has been a success story. Nationalization enabled the French to rationalize their electrical industry and to infuse it with capital just in time to provide cheap energy for postwar growth. In the 1960s the company pioneered ingenious mathematical models for setting utility rates, and by the 1980s it became the world's premier producer of nuclear power. Robert Frost explains how all this happened. But his main goal lies elsewhere. He seeks to understand why, despite initial Left-wing desires to the contrary, EDF served more to buttress than to challenge the predominance of the private sector and its conventional managerial hierarchies.


In this paper, we develop a theory on the mechanism of distal action of the transcription factors, which are bound at their respective cis-regulatory enhancer modules on the promoter-RNA polymerase II (PR) complexes to initiate the transcription event in eukaryotes. We consider both the looping and tracking modes of their distal communication and calculate the mean first passage time that is required for the distal interactions of the complex of enhancer and transcription factor with the PR via both these modes. We further investigate how this mean first passage time is dependent on the length of the DNA segment (L, base-pairs) that connects the cis-regulatory binding site and the respective promoter. When the radius of curvature of this connecting segment of DNA is R that was induced upon binding of the transcription factor at the cis-acting element and RNAPII at the promoter in cis-positions, our calculations indicate that the looping mode of distal action will dominate when L is such that L > 2πR and the tracking mode of distal action will be favored when L < 2πR. The time required for the distal action will be minimum when L = 2πR where the typical value of R for the binding of histones will be R ∼ 16 bps and L ∼ 102 bps. It seems that the free energy associated with the binding of the transcription factor with its cis-acting element and the distance of this cis-acting element from the corresponding promoter of the gene of interest is negatively correlated. Our results suggest that the looping and tracking modes of distal action are concurrently operating on the transcription activation and the physics that determines the timescales associated with the looping/tracking in the mechanism of action of these transcription factors on the initiation of the transcription event must put a selection pressure on the distribution of the distances of cis-regulatory modules from their respective promoters of the genes. The computational analysis of the upstream sequences of promoters of various genes in the human and mouse genomes for the presence of putative cis-regulatory elements for a set of known transcription factors using the position weight matrices available with the JASPAR database indicates the presence of cis-acting elements with maximum probability at a distance of ∼102 bps from the promoters which substantiates our theoretical predictions.


" funktionelle Nachbehand- lungsergebnisse l " Evidenz Abstract ! In rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction there is continued disagreement concerning the advisability of exercise in an open kinetic chain or whether exercise exclusively in the closed kinetic chain should be favoured. This review examined the evidence concerning greater anterior tibia displacement during exer- cise in an open kinetic chain with resulting in- crease in the transplant's laxity and poor func- tional rehabilitation outcome. The results were inconclusive concerning increased laxity and showed no evidence for poorer functional out- come.


Melissa J. Armstrong, MD, MSc,* Sarah Duff-Canning, PhD, C Psych, Matthew Kowgier PhD, and Connie Marras, MD, PhD Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre, and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada


Alginate is a polysaccharide obtained from seaweeds that are abundantly available and have shown great potential for diverse industrial applications. However, alginate lacks properties such as stability under aqueous conditions and it is difficult to control the rate of degradation of alginate-based materials, crucial for various medical applications. Therefore, researchers have modified alginate using physical or chemical approaches to enhance physical properties, biocompatibility, solubility and also to control the biodegradability of alginate-based materials. Crosslinking using ionic, covalent, photo and enzymatic approaches are one of the preferred methods for modifying the properties of alginates and its derivatives. Crosslinking binds the individual polymer chains with one another to form a network that enhances mechanical properties and stability. Among the different crosslinking approaches, ionic crosslinking provides biomaterials with limited stability whereas biomaterials with high mechanical stability can be prepared by covalent crosslinking. Although a wide variety of crosslinking chemicals and approaches are available to make alginate suitable for various applications, the methods used, properties and applications of the cross-linked materials vary significantly between studies. There are very few reports that have compared and evaluated the benefits of using different crosslinking approaches and the properties and applications of cross-linked alginate. In this review, the various methods of crosslinking alginates, their advantages, and limitations have been reviewed with particular emphasis on medical applications of alginate. The data for writing the review was obtained using search engines like Google scholar, Sci-hub and Sci finder and the keywords used include alginate, crosslinking, ionic, covalent, photo, enzymatic, biomedical applications.


With today's rapidly changing vehicle market, many advanced vehicle technologies are being evaluated at varying levels of governments and private organizations. This paper is intended to provide insight into the evaluation of vehicle power train technology and a brief state of the industry regarding new vehicle technology and alternative fuels. The paper proposes that public policymakers focus on metrics such as well‐to‐wheel greenhouse gas emissions and criteria air pollutants. Such a focus makes hydrogen vehicle technology much more attractive.


Delay-dependent global stability analysis for consensus in a team of cooperating networked autonomous agents is considered in this paper. Asymptotic agreement in coupled multi decision space under communication lags and uncertainties is ensured using a multiplicative gain. A proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is used to find admissible gains. Results are in terms of main algebraic digraph properties which are only known for balanced digraphs with no uncertainty. Notion of balancing a digraph is introduced to use these known properties when digraph is not balanced.


The recent observation of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the x-ray light curve of soft gamma-ray repeaters, which fall within LIGO's sensitivity band, prompted us to search for gravitational waves associated with them. We describe the corresponding search algorithm that is based on the energy measurement in a single detector signal stream. We analytically derive the search sensitivity and compare it to the numerical sensitivity provided by the analysis pipeline with simulated detector noise. We found excellent agreement between the two approaches, reassuring us that the analysis method is well understood and implemented properly. The detector noise is approximated as white Gaussian with a strain equivalent spectral noise density of 10−22 strain Hz−1/2, similar to the noise floor of the H1 LIGO detector at the time of the SGR 1806–20 hyperflare event of 27 December 2004. As a trial model, we use a hypothetical 100 Hz QPO lasting for 50s. The corresponding energy sensitivity is found to be Esens = 3.63 × 10−43 strain2 Hz−1 which, in terms of amplitude, is hsensrss-det = 6.06 × 10−22 strain Hz−1/2. We show that, besides being simple and flexible, the algorithm is sensitive to a wide range of waveforms obeying the time and bandwidth requirements.


45 In his book aAt Home in the Universeo, Stuart Kauffman describes a living organism as a system of chemicals that has the capacity to catalyse its own reproduction. In his view, achieving autocatalytic closure among a collection of molecular species becomes the root property of life. Alone, each molecular species is adeado; jointly, the collective system of molecules is aaliveo. The Kauffman thesis is very compelling for the chemical biologist since catalysis is no longer relegated to being a sustainer of life but instead becomes a key originator of life. However, catalysis alone cannot be enough to originate life. All living systems aeato; they take in matter and energy in order to sustain and reproduce themselves. Therefore, living systems must be the equivalent of closed autocatalytic but open (nonequilibrium) thermodynamic systems. But even supposing that life can originate from autocatalytic closure among a collection of molecular species, how does this view of life account for the fearsome order that characterises living systems and seems so much at variance with the second law of thermodynamics? In Kauffman's view, molecular diversity and complexity in an open thermodynamic system themselves give order, aorder for freeo or self-organisation that arises naturally. In other words, order (selforganisation) is a direct consequence of molecular diversity and complexity. Compartmentalisation is a key part of the self-organisation process, if for nothing else than to sustain spatial integrity and prevent dilution of the reacting molecules that comprise each open thermodynamic, closed autocatalytic living system. The ability of lipids to self-assemble into lipid bilayers and more complex mesophases is well established, and has long been accepted to form a key part of compartmentalisation in biology. However, living cells also possess an intricate cytoskeleton involving proteins such as globular monomeric actin (G-actin) and the filamentous actin (F-actin). In this context, a recent publication by Wong et al. is interesting. They described the spontaneous hierarchical self-assembly of F-actin filaments and cationic lipid membranes into tubules (approximately 0.25 100 mm) consisting of stacks of composite membranes composed of three layers, a lipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of actin; a structural organisation highly reminiscent of multilayered bacterial cell walls that exist far from closed equilibrium (Figures 1 and 2). Wong et al. suggested that these tubules with their composite membrane architecture could be considered as spontaneously assembled aartificialo bacteria. If we accept this conclusion then this publication should be regarded as important for providing evidence of molecular diversity and complexity leading to lifelike aorder for freeo. Amongst biologists, discussions about the origins of life have been focussed by arguments of natural selection. There has been an apparent tendency to ignore selforganisation. Most likely this is because there is a fundamental difficulty in recognising how living systems may be governed simultaneously by two sources of order, self-organisation born of molecular diversity and complexity, and the aforceso of natural selection. However if we are to understand properly the origin of life, a final theory of biology must allow for the commingling of self-organisation and selection processes as an expression of an even deeper order. Surely, as Kauffman argues, self-organisation precedes natural selection. Stable, low-energy, self-organised states (arobust systemso) such as lipid bilayers and mesophases, the structures described by Wong et al. , the DNA Order for Free: Molecular Diversity and Complexity Promote Self-Organisation Andrew D. Miller*


Findings from the previous studies of asset valuation models on the plantation commodities were still provided double-edged evidence. Hence, this study aimed to examine the best model for economic valuation on the Muntok White Pepper through the Stochastic Modelling Approach. South Bangka, West Bangka, and Belitung Regency were selected as the study locations. Study participants were pepper farmers in the white pepper cultivation central area in Bangka Belitung. Primary data of the price, income, cash-flow, and production cost of the pepper commodity collected through observation and interview sessions with the participants. These data provided information for the volume production, cultivated land area, production cost, and land maintenance. Multiple regression models enrolled to analyze the collected data. The best asset valuation model was selected by employing Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) dan Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC).Results revealed that the market price approach had provided the best model for the asset valuation of the Muntok White Pepper. The price of the pepper was set speculatively by the farmer


Embodiments of the invention provide a communication method and apparatus MBMS service and MBMS service reception method and apparatus. In particular, MBMS service is provided a communication method comprising: acquiring location information of the MBMS service distribution range; and notifying the location information of the MBMS service distribution range of the UE. Further, there is provided a method for MBMS reception, comprising: receiving location area information of the MBMS service distribution; location area information comparing location information of the UE to the MBMS service distribution; and based on the comparison, it determines whether MCCH and reads the MCCH information change notification.


The purpose of this study is to reach a basic understanding of drought and climate change in southwestern Jamaica through an integration of local knowledge and perception of drought and its physical characteristics manifested in remotely sensed precipitation and vegetation data. Local knowledge and perception are investigated through a survey of sixty farmers in St. Elizabeth Parish and physical characteristics of drought are examined through statistical analysis of satellite precipitation and vegetation vigor time series. The survey indicates that most farmers are concerned about an increase in drought occurrence. Satellite estimates of rainfall and vegetation vigor for St. Elizabeth Parish support this perception and suggest that severe drought events are becoming more frequent. The satellite precipitation time series also suggest that the early growing season is becoming drier as compared to the primary growing season, especially since 1991. This recent divergence in growing season moisture conditions might add to farmers' observations that drought is becoming more prevalent. Consequently, Jamaican farmers perceptions of drought are not driven by magnitude and frequency of dry months alone but rather by the difference between growing seasons. Any development of drought adaption and mitigation plans for this area must not focus solely on drought; it must also compare moisture conditions between months and seasons to be effective.


A comprehensive plan for reducing motorcycle-related deaths, injuries and economic losses is presented. The three-phase plan is concerned with motorcycle operator education/training and licensing improvement. Significant efforts are cited at all levels of government and in the private sector during this decade in the United States. Phase one reports early research and development (1973-1975) creating the Motorcycle Task Analysis and related studies and documentation. The relationship of accident data to task analysis is drawn. Recommendations for improvement in motorcycle accident data reporting systems are given. Phase two describes a current demonstration project (1975-1978) funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in motorcycle operator licensing improvement. Phase three cites current and anticipated (1978-1982) efforts to implement and evaluate the accident countermeasure potential of a quality motorcycle rider education course. Throughout the paper three themes are evident: 1) the validity and effectiveness of program implementation and change is directly related to antecedent research and development; 2) successful public-private sector traffic safety efforts are rare but possible; and 3) with sufficient long-range planning and institutional commitment, cost effective accident reduction measures can be developed, tested and proven or disproved in actual practice.


An energy export boom is sweeping U.S. forests. The trees are fast becoming a crucial energy supply for European power producers seeking to meet the European Union's goal for renewable energy use and carbon emissions reductions. Blending in biomass to coal-fired power stations is an increasingly popular strategy to meet the European targets, which call for renewable sources to meet 20 percent of energy demand by 2020 and for a 20 percent cut in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels.


Through a content analysis, this study seeks to uncover the predominant narrative themes centered on gender and class that shaped mainstream US newspaper coverage of child kidnappings from 2000 to 2003. The abductions that dominated news coverage were neither random nor representative cases; clear patterns emerged in the kidnappings that garnered the most media attention. Though statistically rare, the news media disproportionally covered stories of young Caucasian girls being snatched from their middle- to upper-class homes by male strangers, manufacturing a nationwide epidemic. Our analysis reveals how gender and class were used to construct vulnerable girl victims and predatory male perpetrators. News narratives organized kidnapping stories using frames of family values, community cohesion, and patriotism, while also disproportionally exaggerating the "stranger danger" myth. We argue these kidnapping narratives of vulnerable violated girls and predatory male "othered" strangers reflect a post-9/11 America struggling from the cultural aftershocks of national crisis and economic uncertainty.


Let {Xn;n ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables on a sub-linear expectation space (Ω,H , Ê), Sn = X1+ . . .+Xn. We consider the moments of maxn≥1 |Sn|/ √ 2n log logn. The sufficient and necessary conditions for the moments to be finite are given. As an application, we obtain the law of the iterated logarithm for moving average processes of independent and identically distributed random variables.


a Bauman's early experiments at Cornell indicated increased milk pro* 7 v duction due to the administration of bovine somatotropin (BST) during the last two thirds of the lactation period. Milk production normally falls consistently after peaking at approximately 90 days after calving. However, the persistency of production in animals given BST was substantial. With a 40 mg. dose, a 41 percent increase in production took place during the time of administration. This translates into a 26 percent increase on a full lactation basis. Lower dosages, particularly 27 mg. per day, also achieved good results; 36 percent during administration or 23 percent on average for the lactation. From these numbers, it appears that when the product comes on the market, it will be at a somewhat lower dosage rate than Bauman's optimal results. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labels will most likely appear for dosages lower than 40 mg.


A novel method is employed for the formation of rare earth phosphate solid solution compounds with unique mesoscopic structures. Europium- and lanthanum-doped sodium borate glass microspheres and particles, ranging in sizes from 50 to 300 μm, were reacted in 0.25 M K2HPO4 solution to form hollow spheres of nanocrystalline rare earth phosphate compounds by dissolution–precipitation reactions. The initially X-ray amorphous precipitated rare earth phosphate materials were heat-treated at 700°C for 2 h to form nanocrystalline compounds. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments yield an average activation energy for crystallization of 394 ± 26 kJ/mol. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data indicate that samples crystallized to the monazite structure (monoclinic P21/n) with unit cell volumes ranging from 306.5 A3 for LaPO4 to 282.5 A3 for EuPO4 and with crystallite grain sizes of 56 ± 14 nm. Compositions containing both rare earth elements formed solid solutions with the composition La(1−x)EuxPO4. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the P–O symmetric stretching vibrations (ν1) change systematically from 963 cm−1 for LaPO4 to 986 cm−1 for EuPO4, consistent with a systematic decrease in average P–O bond length. Photoluminescence measurements show maximum emission intensity for the La0.65Eu0.35PO4 composition.


reminds us that from its very inception it has been questioned and criticized with regard to both its legal and scientific soundness. One of its early critics was Dr. Isaac Ray, the author (1838) of the first systematic text in English on what he chose to term the psychiatric jurisprudence of insanity. As early as 1850 Ray proposed that the test of insanity as a defense to crime should be simply that the criminal act was the result of mental disease. Largely on his advice, the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 1871 enunciated this principle, which furnished the groundwork for the &dquo;product test&dquo; laid down by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in 1954 in the


Exact knowledge of beam emittance is of central importance for essentially every accelerator. However, there are only few methods to determine it when the beam has significant space charge. We report on our progress to validate a novel diagnostic method that has been proposed to determine the RMS emittance of an electron beam with space charge. This method uses RMS divergence and beam size data measured at a screen placed in a free drift region for selected values of magnetic focusing strength. A novel algorithm is then used to determine the cross correlation term and consequently the RMS emittance of the beam. Simulations, quadrupole scans, phase space tomography and optical diffraction-dielectric foil radiation interferometry are currently being employed to determine and compare the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) emittances of the 14 MeV witness electron beam at Argonne National Laboratory's Wakefield Accelerator. The results of simulations and current measurements are presented and the advantages of the new technique are discussed.


Increasing demands are being placed on many public servants as civil service organizations seek to increase productivity and operate with fewer levels of management. Moves away from traditional bureaucratic organization structures are often accompanied by attempts to develop a more empowering culture. These typically involve leadership initiatives adapted from the private sector in areas such as vision, values, participation and trust. In order to be successful, however, such initiatives need to be supported by corresponding changes in the systems which underpin human resource management. One of the most important of these is the performance appraisal system. This article describes how performance appraisal can be used to assist in empowering employees, using as an example the Corporate Finance Office of the New Zealand Department of Social Welfare.


The results of a comparative analysis of the two methods of production cost calculation in corn-milling production, i.e. the coefficient method and the proportional method are submitted in the article. Various methods of indirect costs sharing between the types of milling and types of produce obtained have been considered. The approaches of different authors to the calculation of coefficients of the products' physical weight conversion in the conditional one are presented. As result of analysis conducted the problems of determining the production costs in the milling industry have been revealed. The main problem is the presence of a large share of costs to be distributed between the milling parties. To solve this problem, the author proposes to revise the system of costs accounting of the enterprise so that there would be minimum indirect costs and maximum direct ones.


We present the covariant multisymplectic formalism for the so-called cubic Horndeski theories and discuss the geometrical and physical interpretation of the constraints that arise in the unified Lagrangian-Hamiltonian approach. We analyse in more detail the covariant Hamiltonian formalism of these theories and we show that there are particular conditions that must be satisfied for the Poincaré-Cartan form of the Lagrangian to project onto J 1 π. From this result, we study when a formulation using only multimomenta is possible. We further discuss the implications of the general case, in which the projection onto J 1 π conditions are not met.


HLA-B*4071 allele shows six nucleotides difference from B*4005 allele in exon 3 at nucleotides 419A>T, 420C>A, 463C>A, 477C>G, 486G>C and 527A>T, resulting in three amino acid changes Tyr116Leu, Arg131Ser and Glu152Val.


Transportation system is at the brink of revolution and many new ways of mobility are arising in the market to ease the pressure on the established transportation infrastructure. Many companies and governments around the world are exploring innovative options in the space of shared mobility to reduce the overall carbon footprint. To expedite the adoption of shared mobility in India, it is necessary to make such options comfortable and cost-effective. One of the most effective way to make shared mobility options cost effective is to comfortably increase occupancy per vehicle footprint.This paper aims to evaluate a novel method of occupant seating to identify the maximum number of passengers a vehicle can accommodate without significant impact on occupant comfort. It is assumed that shared mobility options are used for a short duration of commute, and hence the comfort of the seat can be marginally compromised to increase the total number of occupants. This paper studies the relation between occupant comfort and the seating posture. The resulting study is used to evaluate the possible increase in vehicle occupancy. Seating postures, ranging from flat seat to a near-vertical posture, are analyzed and the trade-off between number of occupants inside the vehicle and occupant comfort is studied with respect to the cushion angle. The results of the paper can be referred while designing the seating system for shared mobility.


A comparison study between modeling approaches of a quadrotor biplane tailsitter aircraft is conducted. A blade element theory model with dynamic inflow is used to validate a reduced order model that incorperates a simple interference model for trajectory planning and dynamic simulation. With an appropriate interference model, the predicted power requirement through transition from hover to forward flight drops by 30-45% as the interference velocity reduces the effective angle of attack for the wing. A trajectory generation scheme is developed, which shows the importance of accurate stall modeling for the transition maneuver. Without interference modeling all transition trajectories are expected to violate the installed motor power limit or pass through an excessively stalled wing state (> 60°). The interference model dynamics are used to design a trajectory that avoids stall of the aircraft by adding a vertical climb element to the transition maneuver. A transition controller is linear dynamic inversion transition controller is described for inner loop stability over the entire flight regime.


This essay traces the evolution of scholarship on the role of a broad range of media in the American suffrage movement, including the suffrage press, plays, films, and consumer goods as well as mainstream news representations of the movement. The essay retrieves individual suffrage editors and publications to historical memory and considers the social construction of gender in mainstream media and suffragists' "self-mediation"; the intersection of race, class, and gender in media accounts of woman suffrage; the marketing of woman suffrage; and insights into related fields, including political science, social movements, journalism history, popular culture, literary studies, and communications studies. The essay traces how scholarship has evolved from casting woman suffrage as a white, middle-class, Northeastern movement dominated by a few leaders to a diverse mix of activists across the United States.


Background: Preeclampsia is multisystem disorder unique to pregnant women after 20 weeks of gestation. It is one of the most common causes of increased mortality, morbidity both in mother and in the fetus. We have undertaken this study to assess coagulation prole of preeclampsia for early detection of complications and to reduce maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Methodology: This was a facility based prospective observational study conducted at pathology department of tertiary care hospital. Atotal of 90 pre-eclampsia patients were recruited in the study. All clinically conrmed patients with pre-eclampsia were evaluated by history, clinical examination and platelet count, bleeding time, clotting time, PT, a PTT and D Dimer investigations. Results: Mean age, gestational age and gravida did not differ signicantly according to severity (p>0.05) while systolic & diastolic blood pressure was signicantly more among cases with mild and severe preeclampsia. There was signicant thrombocytopenia, bleeding time, clotting time, PT, aPTT were prolonged and D Dimer was raised in severe preeclampsia group (p<0.05). Conclusion: From this study we conclude that with routine screening of platelet count, bleeding time, clotting time, PT, a PTT and D Dimer, coagulation disorders of preeclampsia and eclampsia can be detected.


The influence of cascade reservoirs construction on labile phosphorus (P) is an important scientific problem in the Lancang River. The concentration of labile P in cascade deep-water reservoirs were determined, and the influence of cascade reservoirs construction on the DGT-labile P was analyzed. The construction of cascade reservoirs led to significant differences in concentrations of DGT-labile P, which in the upstream of Xiaowan (XW) Reservoir were differences from that in the downstream Nuozhadu (NZD) Reservoir. The P diffusion fluxes in XW Reservoir were − 8.59–250.50 ng·cm− 2·d− 1, and that in NZD Reservoir were 3.82–24.80 ng·cm− 2·d− 1. The P pollution of XW Reservoir was higher, highlighting the importance of controlling P pollution of XW Reservoir. The construction of cascade reservoirs had made the release of DGT-labile P more dependent on the reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The early diagenesis transformed bio-availability P (BAP) remobilization into DGT-labile P that made the increase of DGT-labile P/BAP with depth. However, the DGT-labile P/BAP of upstream XW Reservoir was 7.8 times larger than that of downstream NZD Reservoir, which indicated that the construction of cascade reservoirs weakened the remobilization of P in sediment.


Acquisition-controlling system is the key of half-material-object simulation system for modern weapons and equipments,and its main function is to acquire the operation on the faceplate of equipment cabinet in real time and show the information of human-computer interface. There are kinds and numbers of information that needs to be acquired,therefore, acquisition-controlling system is massive. This paper classifies the objects that needs to be acquired and controlled. On the base of analysis and comparison among modern acquisition-controlling systems,the paper uses the theory of module,designs and make an acquisition-controlling system that is with great function and high reliability, in small size and easy to be expended. FPGA is the key of this system. After functional simulation,synthesis and test,we find that all of its indexes meet the need of our design.


Abstract: Extracellular levels of acetylcholine (ACh) were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), striatum (STR), and hippocampus (HIPP) using microdialysis in 30‐min intervals before, during, and after free‐feeding in 20‐h food‐deprived rats. The effects on ACh in the NAC and STR were also observed in response to water intake in 20‐h water‐deprived animals. Neostigmine was used in the perfusate to improve ACh recovery. Basal ACh was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and low calcium, and therefore largely neuronal in origin. Feeding caused a 38% increase in extracellular ACh in the NAC and no change in the STR or HIPP. Dopamine was also increased in the NAC (48%) and to a lesser extent in the STR (21%) following feeding. Drinking caused 18–20% increases in ACh release in both the NAC and STR. In a separate experiment, ACh release in the NAC was monitored in 10‐min intervals during free‐feeding; ACh increased in the interval immediately following maximal food intake. These results suggest a site‐specific increase in ACh release following feeding that cannot be solely attributed to the activation associated with this behavior.


UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) is confronted with the tremendous threaten along with depravation of EME (Electromagnetic Environment) increasingly. Unfortunately, in the open literature, it is failing to find detailed information about Electromagnetic Simulation for UAV. On condition of analyzing the electromagnetic signal encountered by UAV, an electromagnetic simulation technique of half-practicality is studied, which is combined with electromagnetic environment database, mission programming in flight and focused on environment applicability. Some available electromagnetic simulation methods, i.e. antenna-port-injection and conducted injection, are put forward in accordance with the reality that antenna-ports and airborne-cables are feeble to electromagnetic threaten in UAV. These methods reduce the demand to simulation equipment and test site, and overcome the drawback that the various dynamical electromagnetic threaten in flight could not be simulated in full practicality system.


One kind of the present invention displays vehicle speed digital speedometer analog speedometer pointer synchronization, belonging to the vehicle speed meter device. The apparatus includes a conventional speedometer member, a photoelectric sensing device, and a microcontroller circuit. Photoelectric sensing means adapted to the mechanical drive applied magnetic induction speedometer, the vehicle speed value indicating the pointer on the dial to the vehicle speed and an optical signal to the photoelectric conversion mode sensing vehicle speed pulse signal, amplification, shaping, into a digital arithmetic processing circuit signal, a digital signal including mileage, collectively displayed on a liquid crystal display or LED, to realize a measurement set, a display, a transmission function is a multifunctional type speedometer.


To gain an advantage, quantum technologies utilize phenomena particular to quantum mechanics. Two such phenomena are squeezing and entanglement. Having generated states that exhibit these features, verification of their generation with local measurements can be a difficult process. Here we consider the states that are generated using the two-qudit single-axis squeezing Hamiltonian, that not only produces entangled two-qudit squeezed states but also results in various forms of interesting entangled states. We show how one can use local measurements to both efficiently verify and directly estimate the fidelity of these generated states.


Access to land is a contentious issue in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a legacy of colonialism and accompanying dispossession. While neighbouring South Africa has moved toward expropriation without compensation (Ngcukaitobi, 2018; Pather, 2018), Namibia's debate has highlighted the need for urban land and housing to accommodate continuing rural-to-urban migration (Delgado & Lühl, 2018; Remmert & Ndhlovu, 2018).


Purpose
Leading developers and providers in the modern space launch market note a splash in the development of ultralight launch vehicle (LV), driven by the growing demand for small satellites for large constellations in low Earth orbits. One of the promising ways to solve the problem of the quick launch of such satellites is to use a new type of ultralight launch vehicle with a plastic body. The project of such a launch vehicle was proposed by Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Ukraine). Along with that, there is a need for appropriate research studies on the thermal resistance of the plastic shell, as the physical, mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of polymers significantly differ from traditional aerospace materials. The purpose of this study is to validate the design and ballistic parameters of such a launch vehicle in terms of providing an acceptable thermal environment at the atmospheric phase of the trajectory.

Design/methodology/approach
The workability of a new type of propulsion system is being investigated experimentally in bench conditions. To study the process of aerodynamic heating of a plastic shell, numerical modeling based on the integration of the flight dynamics and heat transfer equations is used.

Findings
Brief information about the design of a new type of ultra-light autophage launch vehicle with a plastic body is presented. A mathematical model for the movement of the launch vehicle at the atmospheric phase of the trajectory, and for the heating of the polyethylene body of the launch vehicle, taking into account the dynamic change in the atmospheric parameters is proposed. The influence of the motion trajectory on the thermal environment of the rocket body is investigated, rational motion trajectories and corresponding permissible g-loads are determined.

Originality/value
The fundamental possibility of using plastic (polyethylene) as a structural material and fuel for bodies of a new type of ultralight launch vehicles has been substantiated. It is shown that to ensure acceptable thermal conditions of a plastic body, it is necessary to use thermal insulation. It is proposed to use a polymeric Teflon coating as such thermal insulation. The results are important for the development of technologies for launching small satellites into orbit, as the use of plastic as the main structural material of the rocket body will significantly reduce the launch cost.


In 2021, Aotearoa New Zealand's Foreign Minister, Nanaia Mahuta, sketched out a kaupapa Māori (collective Māori vision) foreign policy for New Zealand based on four tikanga Māori (Māori customary practices and behaviours): manaakitanga (hospitality), whanaungatanga (connectedness), mahi tahi and kotahitanga (unity through collaboration), and kaitiakitanga (guardianship and the protection of intergenerational wellbeing). This article makes a novel contribution to the global International Relations body of literature by questioning to what extent New Zealand's 'Māori foreign policy' has been applied to its relationship with China. Through assessing the communications of Mahuta and other officials, it is found that New Zealand is utilizing a kaupapa Māori framework towards China: 'the taniwha and the dragon'. It is argued that New Zealand is attempting to consolidate the maturity of the Sino-New Zealand relationship, as well as differentiate itself from the other Anglosphere countries that have recently pushed back on China. In doing so, not only is New Zealand something of an outlier, it is demonstrating how eschewing a western-centric understanding of foreign policy for a more relational view based on indigenous knowledge and perspectives (in this case, from te ao Māori: the Māori worldview) can be applied at a time of increasing great power competition.


Through using the method of questionnaire, this paper made investigation and analysis on status of aerobic teaching in middle schools in Guangzhou. The result showed that students and teachers in middle school were very interesting in aerobic exercise and suiting for exercise. However, shortage of teacher and facility restricted the development of aerobics.


The transformations taking place in Russia since the 90s have changed both the political and economic and social systems of the country. Privatization led to a loss of manageability of all agriculture, but significantly negatively affected the traditional agricultural sectors of Yakutia. The transformation of organizational and legal forms and the transition to small-scale production negatively affected animal husbandry as the main occupation of the republic's indigenous population. Despite government support for traditional industries, there has been no positive change. Of particular concern is the implementation of large indus-trial projects in the Arctic. The subject of the study is factors and trends affecting the socio-economic situation and the development of traditional industries. The goal is to determine the features and patterns of the development of traditional industries and assess the impact of ongoing transformations in the Arctic on their condition. The research hypothesis is the assumption of insufficient state regulation measures and mutually beneficial economic relations with business in the industrial development of the Arctic. The results of the studies showed the need to increase the attention of all levels of government in deciding on the development of a particular territory of the Arctic and identifying such rules and mechanisms for companies that should not only ensure the preservation of agricultural industries, but also improve the quality and standard of living of the population. The research methodology is based on system analysis using economic and statistical methods, analytical and computational algorithms for processing information on the development of agro-industrial complex and changing dynamics, including content analysis.


Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) connected with quenching circuits can be used for single photon detection. This semiconductor photon detector has a better performance than photomultiplier. The principles and applications of APDs are presented. Features, performance of different commercial devices are introduced and compared. Recent research progress based on the improvement of quenching circuits are introduced.


Abstract : The foregoing examples provide ample evidence that protective systems should be carefully chosen during the early phases of product design. Such actions will assure that electronic structures will function more reliably during the required operating life. (Author)


Carrying method of this invention, and to save space, by using a laminated body fixing jig liver (簡易) exhaust means for carrying the transport system, the layered product fixed to the layered product fixing jig fixture capable of carrying and exhaust continuously and It provides a laminated structure of conjugate production apparatus provided with the transfer system. Conveying means (2), the layered fixing jig 100, the crank slider conveyor 10 and placed to receive the stacked body fixing jig 100 from the crank slider conveyor 10 (載 置) for transporting the and for an intermediate stage (20). Placement surface of the shuttle (13) for mounting the laminated body fixing jig 100 in the crank slider transfer device (10), (13a), the first exhaust connector for evacuating the receiving space (S) by an exhaust means (3) (13b) is, placement surface of the intermediate stage (20) (20a) has a second exhaust connector (20b) is provided.


In this article, we make a few remarks on the role that attractors and inertial manifolds play in fluid mechanics problems. We then describe the role of incremental unknowns for approximating attractors and inertial manifolds when finite difference multigrid discretizations are used. The relation with direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation is also mentioned.


Variable amounts of transition metal oxides (MO), such as MnO2, ZnO, Ni2O3, etc., were incorporated into blends of polypropylene (PP)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/dipentaerythritol (DPER) with the aim of studying and comparing their effects with main-group MO on intumescent flame retardance (IFR). The PP/IFR/MO composites were prepared using a twin-screw extruder, and the IFR behavior was evaluated through oxygen index and vertical burning tests. The progressive enhancement of flame retardancy has proved to be strongly associated with the interaction between APP and MO. With the aid of thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy, Ni2O3 has been shown to be the most effective among the aforementioned three MO. The flame-retardant mechanism of the IFR system is also discussed in terms of catalytic charring, which relates to complex formation through the d-orbitals of the transition metal elements. It is considered that the melt viscosity of a PP/APP/DPER blend containing Ni2O3 corresponds well to the gas release with increasing temperature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


MXM is a flexible R package offering many feature selection algorithms for predictive or diagnostic models. MXM has a unique advantage over other packages; it allows for a long and comprehensive list of types of target variable to be modeled; continuous, percentages, time to event (survival), binary, nominal, ordinal, clustered, counts and left censored to name a few. In this paper we briefly discuss some of these algorithms, the different types of data they can handle, and the relevant functions along with their input and output arguments.


This book sets out a classification system to distinguish between the more and the less hazardous forms of selected pesticides based (mainly) on acute risk to human health. It takes into consideration the toxicity of the technical compound and its common formulations. The document lists common technical grade pesticides and recommended classifications together with a listing of active ingredients believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as pesticides, pesticides subject to the prior informed consent procedure, limitations to trade because of the POPs convention, and gaseous or volatile fumigants not classified under these recommendations.


Individual activities are positively motivated by needs. Paying attention to condition and trends of research on the needs of university students is an important part of the promotion of university students' healthy growth. Since China carried out the reform and opening up policies 30 years ago,the researches on the needs of university students have shown the following characteristics: 1) The research fields have been relatively concentrated; 2) The theoretical expression and attitude position have been keeping pace with the times; 3) The classification of needs has become diverse; 4) The homoplasy of research methods was standing out. As time went by,however,the needs of university students are showing that their needs for maintaining existence are becoming more dominant,and the needs for seeking knowledge,the needs for offering,and the needs for helping others are becoming less intensive. In order to promote the healthy development of needs of university students,universities and societies should work together to meet the reasonable survival needs of university students,and to enhance the intensity of the needs for seeking knowledge,the needs for offering,and the needs for helping others.


Frost injury of winter wheat during its jointing stage has become one of the factors that restricting winter wheat production.But fewer studies on evaluation of frost resistance in jointing stage had been reported up to now. In this study,13 winter wheat varieties were selected as research materials,which differ in original place and ver- nalization characteristic.Frost resistance of those varieties were identified using an artificial frost chamber to simu- late natural frost at anther connective formation phase,low temperature sensitive phase in proceeding of young ear's differentiation phase.Meanwhile,freezing resistance in wintering stage were also evaluated for these varieties. Thereafter,the relationship between frost resistance and freezing resistance of winter wheat varieties was analyzed to explore if a strong correlation exist between them.The result indicates that no significant correlation exist between the two kinds of resistance.Varieties with high freezing resistance may not be of strong frost resistance.Contrarily, freezing sensitive varieties that develop into maturation earlier can also be of frost resistance.