【Objective】 To introduce the method of adrenalectomy trans-extrapleural thoracoabdominal incision above 11th rib of 100 cases.【Methods】 Make a extrapleural thoracoabdominal incision above 11th rib first,and cut off the intercostals muscle,then press the endothoracical fascia and make it separate from the point of the 10th rib,after cut down part of the diaphragmatic muscle,the tumor of the adrenal could be removed.【Results】Adrenal tumors of all 100 cases were excised totally.Though there are injuries on vena cava in 3 cases and on renal vein in 4 cases,the repairs were satisfied.【Conclusion】 The extrapleural thoracoabdominal incision above 11th rib is usable when the tumor is very big and its position is high.


The neo-constitutionalist movement is born in a breeding ground of post-World War II to ensure the fundamental rights and limit the Governor's powers. On these grounds, Brazil issued in 1988, a guarantor and compromised Federal Constitution. In order to have the constitutional "pre-commitments" guaranteed against the social clamor, the Constitution provides "self-restraint" mechanisms, among them, the system of checks and balances. In this constitutionally established system is contained the function of Senate to give efficacy "erga omnes" to the final decisions of the Supreme Court, in the seat of diffuse control of constitutionality. The object of this study is unfolded before this scenario, and starts off with the analysis and differentiation of the institutes of formal amendment of the Constitution and constitutional mutation. To obtain the result, the Heideggerian phenomenological-hermeneutic "method" was used. Thus, this research does not develop a result with absolute truths, but rather, just another view on the topic. With the results, the impossibility of an express constitutional mutation of the item X from article 52 of the Constitution, required in the votes of some ministers in the Constitutional Complaint 4335-5/AC is verified.

Keywords: Constitutional Law, Hermeneutics, Constitutional mutation, Formal amendment of the Constitution


The present paper illustrates some of results obtained in the GST4Water project concerning the development of appropriate metrics, methods and tools for the assessment of economic and environmental sustainability of urban water systems at different scales for a variety of stakeholders. At the household scale and based on data and algorithms to represent residential water demand, we reconstruct the behavior of domestic users and develop a suite of indicators accounting for consumption performances and sustainability, and a software tool geared at the needs of water consumers. Considering multiple scales ranging from household to urban, we develop a model based on urban metabolism, able to evaluate several performance indicators for both sustainability assessment and benchmark, comparing the impact of different management options for water demand and reuse.


This research aims to identify the types of directives illocutionary acts by Searle and perlocutionary acts by Austin, that occurred in the novel The Girl who Fell Beneath the Sea by Axie Oh. The data for this research were obtained using a descriptive-qualitative method. The data of this study are taken from 291 utterances that featured directives illocutionary acts. The result of this research showed seven out of eleven types of directives illocutionary acts were found; asking (184), begging (11), commanding (8), demanding (29), ordering (36), requesting (8), and warning (15). Furthermore, the researcher also found that after receiving directives illocutionary acts from the speaker, there were successful and unsuccessful perlocutionary acts from the interlocutor.


Nonpremixed counterflow flames at low strain rates, and , were numerically simulated to investigate the effects of the duct thickness on the flame structure in normal gravity. For small values of the duct thickness, the positions of the flame and stagnation point were highly sensitive to the duct thickness. When the duct thickness was greater than 6mm, however, the effects of the duct thickness on the flame structure were negligible. The computed temperature along the duct centerline agreed well with measurements.


The supply-side reform has brought new value proposition to consumers. while "Internet plus" is subverting and reshaping the economic structure of China, Internet insurance is rising and brewing a "phenomenal" boom. The purchase intention of consumers is a direct driving factor to further tap the potential of the Internet insurance market. It is of great significance for the development of Internet insurance to study the Internet insurance in the supply-side reform from the perspective of consumers and reasonably guide consumers to make purchase decisions. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the Internet automobile insurance customer data and questionnaire data of ZH property insurance, applies k-means clustering technology to complete customer segmentation, and combines TPB and TAM theories to construct a new model of consumers' Internet insurance purchase intention. Furthermore, structural equation is adopted to verify the model. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of Internet insurance business.


-For a finite simple graph G let │V│= p and │E│ = q. In this paper we find out some graphs which posses super vertex and E-super vertex magic total labelling and also some graphs do not posses. Also In this paper we use the duality of regular graphs to find out the super vertex and Esuper vertex magic total labelling. Keywords--Duality, E-Super Vertex Magic Total Labelling, Super Vertex Magic Total Labelling, Vertex Magic Total Labelling


The character of a contemporary state is undergoing a dynamic evolution. However, the essential question arises about its role as a regulator of socio-economic processes in the context of the states' changing roles. The state was ascribed to new functions, even in the most liberal concepts created on the basis of inspiration with social agreement concluded by Greek philosophers (Democritus) who claimed that only individual things exist but the whole and systems are solely the creation of human mind. In the views of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, the community means, according to the agreement, only the fact done by people, some activities, which are similar or complementary.


It is known, that the right heart structural and functional abnormalities play an important role in the disregulation of venous return, however their role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is still unclear.

 The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of echocardiographic signs of the right heart remodeling and the stroke severity in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke.

 98 patients with acute ischemic stroke (31 females and 67 males, mean age was 68.2 ± 12.1 years) were studied. All patients had arterial hypertension. Most of them (96.9%) had grade 3 hypertension according to ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, 2018. Forty-two (43.1%) patients had coronary artery disease, 35 (35.4%) - atrial fibrillation (AF). The exclusion criteria was the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension. Patients were categorized according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity in mild NIHSS (≤8) - 54 (55.1%) patients, moderate NIHSS (9–15) - 23 (23.5%) patients, and severe stroke NIHSS (≥16) - 21 (21.4%) patients. Median NIHSS score was 11.2 ± 1.7. All patients underwent a transthoracic echocardiography. A comparative assessment of echocardiographic parameters was performed in patients of lower (NIHSS score ≤ 4.5) and upper (NIHSS score≥14.5) quartile according to the NIHSS score.

 Linear regression analysis revealed that stroke severity was significantly correlated with right atrium end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001), right ventricular EDV (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001), left atrium EDV (r = 0.41, p = 0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.4, p = 0.003) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001). A multiple regression analysis showed that stroke severity was independently correlated with PASP (β=0.471, р=0.01), left atrium EDV (β=0.961, р=0.02) and LVEF (β=0.931, р=0.005) in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke.
 In the group of patients with the upper quartile of NIHSS score, the right atrium EDV (64.7 ± 21.1 mm versus 47.6 ± 25.2 mm, р=0.04) and PASP (25.8 ± 9.3 mm versus 20.8 ± 8.0 mm, р=0.045) were higher. The left atrium EDV was higher in patients with LVEF below 50% ( 73.3 ± 36.9 mm vs 49.9 ± 18.5 mm, р=0.02) and in patients with AF (55.3 ± 19.8 vs 36.4 ± 14.6 mm, p < 0.0001). At the same time PASP did not depend on the LVEF (22.1 ± 10.7 mm vs 21.6 ± 8.1 mm, р=0.9) and the presence of AF (21.9 ± 9.0 mm vs 21.7 ± 8.1 mm, р=0.9).

 In patients with arterial hypertension the severity of acute ischemic stroke is associated with increases in right atrium end-diastolic volume and in pulmonary artery systolic pressure. An increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke does not depend on the left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation.


Phase transitions and conformations in ester ferroelectric liquid crystal have been investigated and reviewed in this report. The following aspects are covered: Phase transition properties in solid smectic C * and smectic C * smectic A, criterion for first and second order transitions, critical relaxation near solid smectic C * and conformation transformation between S cis and S trans, and a new phase analysis.


Bronchopulmonary and Cardiovascular Histopathological Finding in Patients who Died of Interactable Asthma Attack with Synchronous Paecilomyces Abstract Objective: The potential histopathological changes of Paecilomyces infection in bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular system of patients with bronchial asthma is evaluated on the postmortem tissue specimens. Methods: Postmortem histopathological evaluation of cardiopulmonary system is performed in 15 patients (5 women and 10 men, aged between 18-77 years old). All the patient's died as a result of intractable asthma attacks and acute cardiovascular insufficiency. Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained paraffin sections of bronchopulmonary destructive-productive vasculitis at different stages of development from endovascular to perivascular space inflammation resulting in sclerosis. The same type of changes was found in vascular walls of other organs including the heart, resembling different stages of the process. Sclerosis of the vascular wall and the perivascular tissue may represent a protective inflammatory response to limit the spread of the pathogen. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the complex vascular pathology in the cardiopulmonary system in patients with bronchial asthma may be triggered by a hematogenic infection caused by dimorphic Paecilomyces fungi.


Some views of holism fail to fully encapsulate the structure and independence of consciousness while others are reductionist in their insistence on a strict structure. After examining holism and mental state consciousness, I move to my own proposal for the structure of consciousness: experiential swaths. By highlighting the phenomenal interdependence of some aspects of consciousness without conceding that all aspects are so strongly intertwined, experiential swaths allow for further conceptual structurization within consciousness.


The electric vehicle on-board battery charging device for, and charging facility is the case which is connected to the charging of the battery sensing the voltage value of the input power received from the charging facility to receive the PWM signal for the current value of the input power from the charging facility , with a duty value of the PWM signal by using the voltage value calculated to output output voltage value to the battery and receive on the input power that is sensed, and calculating the output to the battery as possible output current value, the calculated output voltage value and output when passing a current value to the BMS that work, and the output voltage value and the charging estimated time calculation and charging the estimated time is calculated using the output current delivered by the BMS received from the BMS information on the received charging estimated time a characterized in that the transfer to the filling equipment. The present invention can be calculated to match the estimated charge time, even if the type of the electric power inputted from charging facilities vary can be pre-determined charge capacity based on the specifications of the electric power supplied from the charging facility to the actual charging time by.


The 4-by-4 nilpotent matrices whose numerical ranges have nonparallel flat portions on their boundary that are on lines equidistant from the origin are characterized. Their numerical ranges are always symmetric about a line through the origin and all possible angles between the lines containing the flat portions are attained.


Background: Escherichia coli O8 and O9a polysaccharide repeat units are synthesized by serotype-specific multidomain (WbdA) mannosyltransferases. Results: The various WbdA domains are functional when expressed individually. Conclusion: The number of domains identified in each WbdA protein correlates with the different linkage types formed by the enzyme. Significance: Modular glycosyltransferases could be exploited for synthesis of precise glycoconjugates with medical and industrial applications. The Escherichia coli O9a and O8 polymannose O-polysaccharides (O-PSs) serve as model systems for the biosynthesis of bacterial polysaccharides by ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent pathways. Both O-PSs contain a conserved primer-adaptor domain at the reducing terminus and a serotype-specific repeat unit domain. The repeat unit domain is polymerized by the serotype-specific WbdA mannosyltransferase. In serotype O9a, WbdA is a bifunctional α-(1→2)-, α-(1→3)-mannosyltransferase, and its counterpart in serotype O8 is trifunctional (α-(1→2), α-(1→3), and β-(1→2)). Little is known about the detailed structures or mechanisms of action of the WbdA polymerases, and here we establish that they are multidomain enzymes. WbdAO9a contains two separable and functionally active domains, whereas WbdAO8 possesses three. In WbdCO9a and WbdBO9a, substitution of the first Glu of the EX7E motif had detrimental effects on the enzyme activity, whereas substitution of the second had no significant effect on activity in vivo. Mutation of the Glu residues in the EX7E motif of the N-terminal WbdAO9a domain resulted in WbdA variants unable to synthesize O-PS. In contrast, mutation of the Glu residues in the motif of the C-terminal WbdAO9a domain generated an enzyme capable of synthesizing an altered O-PS repeat unit consisting of only α-(1→2) linkages. In vitro assays with synthetic acceptors unequivocally confirmed that the N-terminal domain of WbdAO9a possesses α-(1→2)-mannosyltransferase activity. Together, these studies form a framework for detailed structure-function studies on individual domains and a strategy applicable for dissection and analysis of other multidomain glycosyltransferases.


Phthalocyanines and porphyrins are 18 π-electron aromatic macrocycles that possess singular optical properties. They were shown to be extremely efficient organic compounds in the fields of photodynamic therapy and optical limiting. This short review intends to give a short overview from the basic principles to the newest findings of phthalocyanines and derivatives in these two health-related research fields.


We have the responsibility, just as for other vulnerable populations, to adapt our social and healthcare system to provide equity of treatment and to offer unaccompanied refugee minors a positive environment in which they can develop.


Preliminary notes This research paper presents the approach of automated computerized identification of causal knowledge and causal graphs using monitoring of vibrations and temperatures of sliding bearings of high-power and high-speed process ventilators. Method of Granger causal connectivity analysis of vibration and temperature parameters is presented. This method improves diagnostics of process ventilators because of identification of causal relations and links of vibrations and temperatures in graph form. After computing and plotting causal graphs for vibrations and temperatures, causal density is computed as a measure of dynamical complexity of system. Numerical values of causal density are taken as indicators of systems "health" of process ventilators.


According to theⅡ/Ⅲ kind of responder standard in 《HFC Network Equipment Management System Standard》,Fuyang constructed the equipment network management system,using the bare optical fiber and the VPN networking.It made more than 20 villages and towns distributed on the backbone fiber optics as one network,and realized the long-distance management of the UPS and the fiber equipment in sub front engine room.


Figure. A: Transnasal telescopic view (4mm, 0°) shows a horn-like, pyramid-shaped lesion on the media l aspect ofthe left torus tubarius. B: Coronal CT ofth e nasopharynx detects a spur-like projection on the left torus tubarius (arrow). C: Transnasal telescopic view (4 mm, 0°) shows the excision ofthe lesion with a sickle knife. The inset shows a cut cartilaginous lesion. D: Transnasal telescopic view (4 1111n, 00) shows the left torus tubarius 13 months after surge /y o A 72-year-old woman reported a sensation of pressure and otalgia in her left ear of several month s' duration. This feelin g was aggravated when she blew her nose. She noted a sensation of numbn ess in the meatus of her left ear, along with occasional "blocking" of the ear and tinnitus. She had no history of hearing loss or dysequilibrium . On examination, the ear was normal. Audi ometric test ing showed a mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss bilaterally .Tympanograms were normal. Results of a nasal examination were also normal. Because the woman's symptoms had been so persistent, we performed endo scopic na sopharyngoscopy with a 4-mm, 0° rigid telescope . This investigat ion revealed the presence of a horn-like , pyramid-shaped lesion on the medial aspect of the left torus tubarius . The lesion was covered with mucosa (figure, A). Initially , computed tomography (CT) of the nose and sinuses was interpreted as normal. However, a re-examination of the scan showed a spur-like projection on the left torus tubarius (figure, B). The patient was administered oroendotracheal general anesthesia, and she underwent a transnasal endoscopi c excision of the torus tubarius lesion. An incision was made along the base of the lesion , and the lesion was excised with a sickle knife (figure, C) and a Bard-Parker #11 knife blade attached to a long, thin handle. The lesion was identified as a cartilaginous project ion emanating from the torus tubarius. The cut edge was smoothed with a microdebrider. Histologically, the lesion was a cartilaginou s mass covered with chronically inflamed mu-


Advanced optical diagnostic techniques and instruments are being developed to operate successfully in the high‐temperature coal combustion environments of large scale facilities. The success of these instruments depends heavily on maintaining a clear optical path into and out of the gas stream for long periods of time. The buildup of slag at the access port and contaminate fouling of the optical window require special systems to maintain the optical path. The rationale for, and design of, two such systems are presented in this article. The first system, a remotely operated window changer, provides for exchanging fouled windows for clean windows. The second system, a remotely operated slagbuster, provides for removing slag buildup in the access port. The design and operation of both systems are discussed. Parts lists, drawings, and schematics are presented also.


Wulayimu Maimaiti, 2, 3 Alexei Andreanov, 2 and Sergej Flach 2 Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science(IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea Basic Science Program(IBS School), Korea University of Science and Technology(UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Materials Theory, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (Dated: January 12, 2021)


Mung bean protein isolates were hydrolyzed by papain.The emulsifying property of the hydrolyzates were studied in this article.The results showed that the importance of factors were pH value concentration of papainhydrolysis timereaction temperature.The optimal reaction was carried out by incubating papain and mung bean protein isolates(the ratio of 0.015∶1) in an aqueous solution at pH7.0 and 60℃ for 2.5 h.


A new technique for 2-dimensional layout compaction of integrated circuits is presented. After a traditional one-dimensional precompaction step, the size of the layout is further reduced with a technique that bears a strong similarity to the technique of 'zone-refining' used in the purification of crystal ingots. Individual circuit components or small clusters of components are peeled off row by row from the precompacted layout, moved across an open zone, and reassembled at the other end of this zone in a denser configuration. In this process both coordinates of the moved components are altered and jogs are introduced in the connecting wires between them to produce the needed flexibility for placing components into optimal positions. The constraint graphs in both the x- and y-direction are used and updated concurrently.


Objective To explore the degradation characteristics of the composite of calcium polyphosphate fiber(cPPF),calcium phosphate cement(CPC),micromorselized bone in vitro and the ability in repairing bone defoem in vivo.Methods A blend method was developed to prepare the composite of diameter was observed by scanning electron microscope.In vitro,the composite was put into PBS(pH 7.4);the PH value,weight and biomechanics of them were determined during the degradation.In vivo,the effect was observed by gross,X-ray,histopathologieal,scanning eleetron microscopic and dynamic examinations 2,4,8,12 weeks after operation.Results In vitro,scaning electron microscopy revealed that the pore diameter 0f CPPF/CPC/micromorselized bone composite was 100-400 μm,the porosity was 72.1%,while the CPC/micromorselized bone composite was 50-300 μm,the porosity was 58.2%.During degradation,the pH values of both the two composite were kept steady at the end of 12th week.The weight of CPPF/CPC/micmmorselized bone was slighdy decreased within 4 weeks,then decreased obviously and remained 50%of its prime weight at the end of the 12th week:while the weight of CPC/mieromorselized bone was slightly decreased within 6 weeks,then decreased obviously and remained 70% of its prime weight at the end of the 12th week.The prime biomechanieal strength was 9.28 Mpa in CPPF/CPC/micromorselized bone and 6.21 Mpa in CPC/micromorselized b0He respectively.There was significant difierence between them ( P<0.05 ).The strength of CPPF/CPC/miemmorselized bone was decreased slowly within 4 weeks,then decreased obviously and was 0.18 Mpa at the end of 12th week:the strength of CPC/micromomelized bone was decreased symmetrically and was 0.24 Mpa at the end of 12 week.In vivo,the ability of CPPF/CPC/micromorselized bone in repairing bone defoct was better than the other groups.There was significant difierence between them ( P<0.05).Conclusion The composite of CPPF/CPC/mieromorselized bone may be one of ideal scaffolds engineering for its good biocharacteristies in repairing bone defect in bone engineering.

Key words:
Calcium phosphate; Bone; Degradation; Bone defect


psychology in the classroom a manual for teachers is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the psychology in the classroom a manual for teachers is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The fossil bats from five riverine and lacustrine localities of the Ukraine are described. The biostratigraphic correlations of the examined faunas are MN 11 and MN 12 (Early Turolian). Six taxa were identified, all belonging to Vespertilionidae. A new species, Pipistrellus semenovi nov. sp., close to basal clades of the extant genus, is described from Altestovo 5 (MN 12). The records of Pipistrellus from Altestovo 5 and Egorovka 1 and 2 (MN 12) are at present the earliest findings of this genus in Europe. The Nyctalus sp. from Palievo (MN 11) is one of the rarest records of this genus in the Neogene of Europe. The records of Vespertilio sp. from Palievo and Egorovka 1 morphologically are similar to Recent V. murinus. Recognition of Eptesicus aff. campanensis from Novoelizavetovka 3 (MN 12) is, at present, the youngest known record of this species. Eptesicus aff. kowalskii from Egorovka 1 and 2 differs from the nominotypical taxon in being smaller and in having a less reduced m3. The bat assemblages from Turolian localities of the Ukraine are most similar to those from Bernardiere, Lobrieu and Dionay (MN 11) of France. The peculiar aggregation of bat taxa in the studied taphocenosis is consistent with avian pellet origin.


This paper constructs a three-variable VAR(Vector Autoregressive)model to make certain the dynamical process among private investment、public expenditure and GDP.From the model the author thinks that Anhui province's public expenditure bring negative impact on GDP in short run,but positive in long run,and public expenditure marginal influence is greater than private investment.This paper testifies that public expenditure is of intensive complementarities with private investment,but the increment system of public expenditure is according to its own demand and GDP increasing.


Human plague is rare, with a median of 7 cases per year occurring in the U.S. from 1990 through 2005. MMWR details 13 cases reported to the CDC during


The velocity of venous blood flow in the legs has been measured in patients before and after operation using 125I hippuran. Immediately after operation there was a profound slowing of venous flow to about half the pre-operative rate. On the day following operation the rate had returned to the pre-operative level. The effect of elevation of the legs has been investigated. Leg elevation approximately doubled the rate of flow. The value of leg elevation as a measure in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis is discussed in the light of these findings. The paper provides evidence that the practice of elevation of the legs during and after operation increases venous flow rate.


A new method for transformation of fungi to give efficient selection was developed. Protoplasts of Pyricularia oryzae, treated by PEG-CaCl2 with the blasticidin S (BS) deaminase gene (BSD) or the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph), were transferred to liquid medium in collagen-coated dishes. They regenerated more efficiently in liquid than in agar, adhering to the collagen coating the dish. The colonies were continually kept under appropriate selective pressure by changing the medium. The BS resistant transformants of the isolate Hoku 1, well separated in the dish, were obtained at a frequency of 1000/ μg vector. In isolate P2, the frequency of transformation was 190/ μg vector with BSD and 4.5/ μg vector with hph. The value was 20 and 6 times, respectively, higher than that obtained by the conventional method using agar plates. The selected colonies on collagen were easily picked up by forceps, which allowed efficient replica-plating.


Channel allocation is one of the important issues in the multichannel transmission. In the cognitive radio networks, channel allocation scheme should be designed to improve spectrum efficiency without interfering with the transmission of licensed users. In this paper, we propose a spectrum hole prediction based channel allocation scheme. The proposed channel allocation scheme, predicts spectrum hole by using the channel success rate, and limit the transmission of secondary user`s data, and it reduces the interference to the primary user. The performance of proposed channel allocation scheme is evaluated by the computer simulation.


The exact solution of the dynamic response of a shear wall on an elastic half space with a canyon having semicircular cross section is presented for excitation by plane SH-waves. It is shown that the driving forces and compliances in the soil-structure interaction problem depend directly on the existence of a canyon. For different angles of incident SH-waves the existence of a canyon may shield or amplify the building motions for the waves whose wavelengths are short compared to the canyon dimensions. In most cases building motions are smaller when the building is located behind the canyon with respect to incident waves. However, these motions may be amplified when the building is placed in front of the canyon. The results of this analysis suggest that the shielding of building foundations by canyons or trenches may not be very useful from the practical engineering point of view.


While an array of exciting technologies have emerged in recent years, we narrowed this list down to those
with the greatest potential to boost the efficiency and profitability


SummaryIn 1998 Przewalski's horses have been introduced in the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ), N Ukraine. They live in the zone under natural conditions. No anthelminthic treatment to these introduced horses has been applied to date. In this same area, 19 domestic horses were also stabled by some peasants. Eighteen years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and five years after this introduction, the diagnostic dehelminthisation method has been applied both to the Przewalski's horses (n = 21) and the domestic horses (n = 6). In addition, in one Przewalski's and one domestic horse helmith fauna was surveyed using the post-mortem method. A total of 29 and 19 helminth species has been recorded in the Przewalski's and domestic horses respectively. Only six helminth species were common for the two horse species compared. Species from the family Strongylidae constituted the dominant helminth group. Four cyathostomine species (Cyathostomum catinatum; Cylicostephanus minutus, C. longibursatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus) formed the majority of helminth parasites both in the Przewalski's and domestic horses. Our findings suggest that the CEZ has no effect on the species diversity of helminth fauna parasiting Przewalski's horses, neither it has an effect on the prevalence and intensity of parasite infestation. Behavioural and ecological studies also support the lack of such effect.


Temperature- and pressure-dependent Yb valence state in Yb5Rh4Ge10 has been investigated by means of Yb 3d hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) and Yb L3 absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The mean Yb valence derived from the Yb 3d HAXPES is estimated to be ∼2.78 at 300 K and decreases to ∼2.74 at 20 K. On the other hand, the Yb valence deduced from the Yb L3 XAS at 300 K is almost constant with ∼2.81 in the pressure range between 9.2 and 34.7 GPa.


Because of acoustic character difference between glass fiber reinforced plastics and steel casing,cement bonding logging response of fiber glass casing is different from steel casing.Based on well logging theory of CBL-VDL,analyzed are well logging responses of cement bonding for fiber glass casing.According to different cement bonding outside casing,summarized are log curve features of CBL-VDL,and established is a method to evaluate cement bonding quality for fiber glass casing.This method successfully interprets cement bonding quality of fiber glass casing pipe for ×109-×139 well.


In the early 18th century, revolutionary changes took place in mathematics, and the foundations for the development of calculus were laid (see for example [1, Chapter 17]). Differential and integral calculus greatly extended the arsenal of mathematical techniques and also contributed substantially to the usefulness of mathematics in engineering and the sciences. As I see it, the major achievement of this period was that mathematicians learned how to use limiting processes for the definition and also evaluation of mathematical quantities. For example, functions were expressed by power series, which are generalizations of polynomials, and integrals were introduced as generalizations of quadrature sums. These were tremendous achievements. However, the incorporation of limiting processes into mathematics also caused serious problems. Limiting processes are unproblematic as long as they lead to (sufficiently simple) closed form expressions, but if we have to perform such a limit numerically, we often face enormous technical problems. There are many infinite series, whose convergence is so slow that the conventional process of adding up its terms successively is hopeless, and many integrals, whose integrands behave


Molecular Mixology is the term applied to the process of creating cocktails using the equipment and techniques of molecular gastronomy. The concept of Molecular Mixology has been attributed to bringing about a significant change in the field of cocktails. The prime focus of this study is to spread more awareness among that section of the society which is dealing with the beverages and its development; (specifically cocktails or mocktails). A survey was carried out on bar professionals, Food and Beverage (F&B) specialists, faculty and students of various Institutes of Hotel Management (IHMs) and the people who are fond of cocktails, mocktails and its innovations. This concept can set a benchmark in the beverage industry and will make it more dynamic. It is a concept which involves innovations and new trends. People in today's world are open towards adapting new concepts and fond of the art of bartending and techniques involved in it.


The application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) technology is an effective solution for monitoring and damage assessment of aids-to-navigation,emergency response,energy saving and emission reduction.Medium and high-resolution remote sensing image obtained by UAV can provide quantified and direct judgment on situation and condition of aids-to-navigation,navigation and marine environment in the waters under jurisdiction.Combined with the existing management measures,a three-dimensional aids-to-navigation maintenance system can be formed,including inspection at sea,remote monitoring onshore and in the air.In addition,the system can also meet the demand of emergent response to the events at sea.


It introduces developing survey basic functional f ea turesof applicative technology of thin paste of emulsificated asphalt sealing le vel home abroad,illustrates its constructive technology,and puts forward unsol ved problems in thin paste sealing level project.


Abstract The theme of imminent apocalypse in Girard's new book Achever Clausewitz is used to locate the origin of the threats to contemporary society in the 1914-18 War. A study of Sassoon is offered as a model of "the intelligence of the victim." Girard's thesis of the mimetic origins of violence is explained and applied to the decades before 1914. Girard's concept of interdividual psychology is explored and illustrated by Sassoon's early development, focusing in particular on his malleability, narcissism and homosexuality. The nature of reciprocal violence in trench warfare is described. Sassoon's diaries and memoirs are used to illustrate the evolution of his Girardian awareness, culminating in his statement of May 1917, criticizing the British war aims. The conclusion notes the connection between Sassoon and Dom Sebastian Moore, whose thought has since converged with Girard's.


The study was motivated by the phenomenon gap, theoretical gap, and the research
gap on corruption and bribery. The phenomenon gap that motivated this study is on one
side all parties recognize the negative effects of corruption and bribery, but on the other
hand the level of corruption in Indonesia is still high. While the theoretical gap is the
presence of 2 (two) conflicting theories that are Efficient Grease Hypothesis which
consider that it is more efficient for companies to bribe than to obey an official or
bureaucratic procedures and Anti Efficient Grease Hypothesis that argues contrary. While
the research gaps are: macro versus micro approach where the micro approach has not
been done, supply versus demand-side approach in which the supply side approach has
not been widely applied, the variables that affect the amount of bribes that have not been
comprehensively analyzed, and the impact of bribery on the performance of companies
that have not been widely studied.
This study has 3 (three) objectives are: (1) to prove the validity of Efficient Grease
Hypothesis Theory, (2) to analyze the factors that influence the amount of bribes paid by
enterprises, and (3) to analyze the impact of bribery on firm performance.
The sample of the study was 100 medium and large enterprises that are members of
the Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo) Branch of Central Java and the
respondents are the leaders or the managers of that medium dan large enterprises. The
data used are the primary data collected by questionnaires. The tools of analysis used is a
simple linear regression and multiple linear regression.
The results of the study indicate that the Efficient Grease Hypothesis Theory is not
proven in the case of bribery paid by medium and large companies in Central Java
Apindo members. The results for the factors that influence the amount of bribes paid by
medium and large companies there are 7 (seven) varia
ces, increased levels of public education, and modernization of administration in the
public service.
For further study, it is recommended to use a more accurate measure of the variable,
similar studies must be done with larger samples, and the need for studies on the
receiving bribes or government employees.


In this paper, the FH-OFDM (fast hopping OFDM) design and its associated packet-awareness channel coder are presented for wireless multimedia. In addition, the effectiveness of the coder over Markov channel model is studied. The simulations show that these proposed techniques can achieve significant performance gains.


In this paper we present a result on admissible relaxation for a class of systems governed by an uncertain evolution equation on Banach space. We show that the set of original trajectories is dense in the set of relaxed trajectories and that under certain assumptions the relaxed system is equivalent to the original system.


Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis is common condition. Many similar treatment procedures have been described. In managing spinal stenosis surgery has expanded dramatically in the last two decades. Aim of the study: Assess the safety and efficacy of operative and invasive therapies for people experiencing degenerative LSS. Patients and Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library were used to find relevant clinical research. Participants in such studies were 60 years old or older and had degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Results: All studies were randomized controlled trials. There were 974 patients. As regard Outcomes measures after surgical treatment, significant improvement in functional outcome and scores. Outcome of patients were measured pre and post operation by oswestry disability index (ODI) score in 8 studies with mean pre operation score 43.7 and post operations score decreased to 26.06. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used in 3 studies with preoperation mean score 5.49 and decreased post operation to 22.5. EQ-5 D was used by 1 study and mean preoperation score was 0.29 which increased to 0.58 postoperation.SF-36 scores were used to assess patient's outcome after surgery and showed that mean SF-36 physical pre was 34.7 decreased to33.1, mean SF-36 mental pre was 58.6 increased to 66.4 and mean SF-36 pain pre was 31.2 and changed to34.6. Conclusion: Surgery showed higher effectiveness and functional outcome improvement and scores among included studies. As regard Patient's satisfaction reported in three studies in 114 patients was satisfied.


The engraver and publisher Nicolas de Fer (1646–1720) gained eminence after being appointed cartographer to the Dauphin of France (1690) and, subsequently, to the Bourbon kings of France and Spain....


An improved equivalent circuit for parallel-coupled three-line is derived by taking the cross-coupling between non-adjacent lines into consideration. Since the cross-coupling between non-adjacent lines is also dependent on that between adjacent lines, a novel successive iteration synthesis scheme is correspondingly proposed to synthesize the filter. As an example, a two-section three-line filter with a BW of 2.8-5.2GHz are synthesized, simulated and experimentally realized, respectively. The results obtained by our synthesis theory compare very well with those by simulation and experiment, while the model neglecting the cross-coupling between non-adjacent lines shows a 17% error in bandwidth estimation.


Objective To explore the effects of let-7 inhibitor(anti-let-7) on airway inflammation in rats with asthma,and to investigate the mechanisms of let-7 in the development of asthma.Methods A total of 32 mice were randomly assigned to control group (group A,n=8),asthma group (group B,n=8),treatment control group(group C,n=8) and treatment group (group D,n=8),respectively.Groups B,C and D were sensitized with ovalbumin(OVA) for establishment of mouse asthma model.Group A was treated with normal saline orally.Group D was administered with anti-let-7 prior to challenge,for suppression of endogenous let-7e expression,while scrambled-siRNA was injecled in group C for treatment control.The cell count,let-7e in pulmonary tissues and interleukin-10 (11-10) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected.A549 cells,the lung cancer cells,were transfected with anti-let-7 in vitro followed by measurement of let-7e expression and IL-IO in cell culture supernatants.Luciferase report assay was employed to assess if let-7e targeted at IL-10.Results Compared with group A,groups B and C significantly increased in the total cell count [(20.32±5.33) x 109/L and (24.74±6.69) x 109/L vs (7.12± 1.88) x 109/L,both P<O.01] and eosinophil count [(6.45±2.5) x109/L and (7.12±2.66) x109/L vs (0.04±0.01) x109/L.both P<O.01] in BALF as well as let-7e of Iung tissues (by 3.83-fold and 3.27-fold,both P<O.01).When compared with group C,group D significantly reduced in total cell count [(13.85±3.74) x109/L vs (24.74±6.69) x109/L,P<0.05] and eosinophil count[(2.15±1.13) x109/L vs (7.12±2.66) x109/L,P<0.05] in BALF,and in let-7e of lung; tissues [(0.45±0.22) vs (3.28±0.45),P<0.05],while markedly increased the level of IL-IO in BALF [(4.68±0.85) vs (1.70±0.29),P<O.O1].Additionally,transfection of A549 cells using anti-let-7 resulted in reduction of let-7e expression [(0.22±0.03) vs (1.00±0.11),P<O.O1] and elevation of 11-10 in the supernatant [(2.58±0.35) vs (1.00± 0.15),P<O.01].Moreover.over-expression of let-7e led to significantly suppressed luciferase activity of IL-10 reporter vector [(0.59±0.06) vs (1.00±0.03),P<O.01],but did not affect the mutant IL-10 reporter vector.Conclusion The anti-let-7 can markedly inhibit airway inflammation in mice with asthma,possibly by targeting at let-7 and inhibition of IL-10.

Key words:
Asthma; MicroRNAs; Interleukin-10; Airway inflammation


This paper is concerned with two arithmetical functions namely remainder sum function and quotient sum function which are respectively the sequences A004125 and A006218 in Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. The remainder sum function is defined by for every positive integer n, and quotient sum function is defined by where q(n, i) is the quotient obtained when n is divided by i. We establish few divisibility properties these functions enjoy and we found their bounds. Furthermore, we define restricted remainder sum function by RA(n) = ∑k∈A n mod k where A is a set of positive integers and we define restricted quotient sum function by QA(n) = ∑k∈A q(n, k). The function QA(n) is found to be a quasi-polynomial of degree one when A is a finite set of positive integers and RA(n) is found to be a periodic function with period ∏a∈A a. Finally, the above defined four functions found to have recurrence relation whose derivation requires few results from integer partition theory.


This paper discusses ritualized practices in domestic spaces as signs of an ongoing and dynamic engagement between the people living there and non-human material and incorporeal social actors, using archaeological evidence from the ancient town of Cerro Palenque and related sites in northwestern Honduras occupied from the 7th to 11th centuries. The paper considers the ways that figurines, pottery, and other kinds of material culture were given meaning through their involvement in these ritualized practices, the materiality of the objects themselves, and their association with human bones. These practices are situated in particular spaces and occur at particular points in the life cycle of individuals and the social groups. They leave behind traces that reflect the desire of the participants in these practices to create social memory and to connect to the larger spatiotemporal order structuring their relations with the world around them.


This paper studies tidegauge records of stations on the Indian coastline. An analysis of trends did not reveal a monotonic trend. Trends were seen for limited periods at only five of the eight stations on the Indian coast. A spectral analysis of annual records produced evidence of long period cycles with shorter cycles riding on them. The shorter cycles had a period of 5.0 years. The spectra of monthly r~,)rds revealed evidence of a pole tide and an annual cycle. The amplitude of the pole tide was estimated to be around 7'5 mm. This was larger than the equilibrium tide. A spectral analysis of monthly rainfall at Bombay, a station on the Indian west coast, also showed a 13.9 month cycle and a (3,1,0) autoregressive model. But the coherence between monthly rainfall and relative sealevel fluctuations was low.


This paper examines the determinants of child nutritional status in China, focusing specially on the only-child effect. Data are drawn from China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2000. The empirical relationship between nutritional status and only-child, on the one hand, and other effect factors like mother's height, maternal education, and location (urban vs. rural) is investigated. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and Match method are used respectively. In the preferred model — Match model where a two-step match was explored — we find that being an only-child can increase the height-for-age z-scores by 0.4 ∼ 0.5.


Multilateralism can be defined as the practice of co-ordinating national policies in groups of three or more states, through ad hoc arrangements or by means of institutions. Since the end of World War II, multilateralism has become increasingly important in world politics, as manifested in the proliferation of multinational conferences on a bewildering variety of themes and an increase in the number of multilateral intergovernmental organizations from fewer than 100 in 1945 to about 200 by i960 and over 600 by 1980.1 Bilateralism has been revived on some issues in the 1980s, particularly with regard to trade, yet the number and variety of multilateral arrangements continue to increase. In the international relations literature, multilateralism has served as a label for a variety of activities more than as a concept defining a research programme. When a scholar refers to multilateralism, it is not immediately clear what phenomena are to be described and explained. Before we can understand multilateralism, we need to think about how we should conceive of it and


In modern high bypass turbofan engines, the fan is a considerable component to the performance and efficiency of the entire engine. Fan efficiency directly affects specific fuel consumption of the engine. In the paper, the three dimensional (3-D) flow field through the transonic axial flow fan and the intake of the CF6-50 high bypass ratio turbofan engine is investigated at the takeoff hot day conditions. The fan under study has a large diameter, about 2.18 m. The fan has a number of 38 blades. Each blade is tapered, highly twisted, and has a long span. The real dimensions of both the fan and its intake are used in the current simulation. Furthermore, steady, compressible, turbulent, and viscous flow in both the intake and fan is solved. The computational domain is a periodic sector through both the fan and the intake zones.  Results obtained from the simulation show shock waves formed in the passage at the trailing edge of the suction side and propagate towards the opposite blade pressure side.


The paper focuses on trulli, which are ancient typical drystone constructions with inner hollow largely spread in the Puglia region in the southern part of Italy. The trullo is the cheapest structure that can be built in a calcareous territory using plain stones without using any mortar, and has assumed a number of different forms, initially used as protection for the farm equipment, and later evolving into a house. This paper presents the evolution over time of these structures, as well as their description and treatment from a structural point of view. The simplicity of both the materials and techniques for realizing these structures is currently the basis of many projects for the development and progress in emerging countries, and makes the study of their mechanics very topical.


The invention discloses a groupedly-monitored display stand anti-theft system. The groupedly-monitored display stand anti-theft system comprises a display stand provided with a plurality of alarm terminals, a computer for processing and storing data of the alarm terminals and a grouped monitor for grouping the plurality of alarm terminals. The grouped monitor includes a casing for accommodating a control circuit, one side of the casing is provided with a connection opening for the plurality of alarm terminals, the other side of the casing is provided with two signal transmission connection openings, one of the signal transmission connection openings is connected with the computer through a data line and used for transmitting signals, and the other signal transmission connection opening is connected with the grouped monitors in series. The groupedly-monitored display stand anti-theft system has the advantages that all the alarm terminals which are directly connected with products can be grouped, so that the staff can quickly walk to an alarmed region which is indicated on the computer when the alarm is raised, the computer can be used by the staff to control the alarm terminals to work again when theft does not occur, and a product display hall can be separated into a plurality of regions to be flexibly monitored.


Optical–grade polycarbonate (PC) was separated from optical disks by a chemical approach and used to prepare nanocomposite to make full use of the wasted polymers. A quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite (organic montmorillonite, OMMT) was chosen as a modifier and an auxiliary functional resin (CBT160) was utilized to exfoliate the layers of montmorillonite. The characterization results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for PC/ OMMT (5wt %) revealed that an exfoliation structure of the nanocomposite was obtained. The mechanical measurements show a great increase in tensile strength and Izod impact strength of PC/ OMMT nanocomposite compared with the recycled optical–grade PC.


A magnetic printing technique designed for perpendicular thin-film media using a lithographically formed master disk has been presented. It is shown that magnetic printing using perpendicular hard-disk media with high coercivities of up to 10 000 Oe is satisfactorily carried out and practical printing conditions for perpendicular recording media are discussed by analyzing differences in the magnetization processes during printing processes designed for perpendicular and longitudinal media.


Objective To investigate the cross-talk between notch and Rho/Rho GTPase signaling on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into neurons. Methods The experiments were divided into serum-free medium control group and fasudil hydrochloride group. Fasudil hydrochloride induces MSCs differentiating into neurons. The expression of Hes1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of neuron-specific enolae(NSE), neurofilament M (NF-M) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)was detected by immunocytochemical method. Results ①The Hes1 mRNA expressed by MSCs of fasudil hydrochloride group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).②Fasudil hydrochloride can induce MSCs differentiating into neurons and there was higher expression of neuron-specific enolae(NSE) and neurofilament-M (NF-M) than the serum-free medium control group(P<0.05).Conclusions There may be cross-talk between notch signaling and RhoA/Rho GTPase signaling on differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cell into neurons induced by fasudil hydrochloride and they jointly promoted the differentiation of MSCs into neurons.

Key words:
Notch; Rho; Fasudil hydrochloride; Marrow mesenchymal stem cells;  Neurons


A rigorous optimization procedure for cascaded thermoelectric (TE) converters is presented. The newly introduced method of generalized Lagrange multiplier functions leads to a coupled system of ordinary differential equations which can be solved swiftly numerically. That mVay also be of interest in other branches of physics. The method paves the way for a still unsettled problem, the rigorous optimization of thermoelectric devices with inhomogeneous material properties. For constant figure of merit Z in cascaded TE-generators the achieved enhancements are small compared to the uniform case. In the refrigerator mode exists a higher potential for optimization. A drastic increase in the maximum temperature difference is possible at the expense of largely reduced cooling efficiency. It can be shown that the maximum TE generator and cooling efficiencies are independent of the thermal conductivity profile.


This paper focuses on the current situation of the skill-training class for English majors at higher vocational college.It considers five problems with skill-training classes—lack of teaching force and low-quality of the present group of instructors,randomness of(or less-specific) teaching process and shortage of teaching materials.It puts forward five approaches to reform the classes,that is,strengthening the competence of the teaching faculty,compiling qulified teaching materials,and developing off-campus training bases.


This paper presents a model of management capacity in productive systems integrating the concepts of the Theory of Constraints and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The main objective of this study is to discuss and propose a model of management capacity, able to answer the following key questions: i) capacity indicators which should be considered and how to measure them to measure the productive capacity of manufacturing systems? ii) what is the real productive capacity of the system analyzed under a determined relationship between capacity and demand? The discussion of the proposed model is relevant because the definition of productive capacity system enables better management of resources and capabilities, improve production scheduling on the factory floor and meeting the demands imposed by the market. This paper presents the proposition of using the Operating Income Index Global (IROG) with a different approach from traditional literature dealing with the theme, presented by Nakajima (1988). The results of this paper enable to develop a model to determine the capacity of the production system and the impact on the productive capacity of the entire system, not to consider the quality conformances that occur after the bottleneck resource of the production flow.


I ewamine and criticize two views held by John Searle, i.e., that the assignment of biological functions is relative to a conscious agent with beliefs and desires and that consciousness has priority over intentionality.


When opened the Poughkeepsie Bridge incorporated the longest span—548 ft—cantilever in the world; the longest simple span, 525 ft; and its overall length, 6,767 ft, was for a short time the longest bridge in the world. Between 1871 and 1889, its opening, some of the leading engineers and railroad men had been involved in its planning and design including three future presidents of ASCE. Construction is currently under way to convert the bridge to a pedestrian/bicycle pathway across the Hudson River.


We propose to explore the sustainability of climate policies based on a novel commitment metric. This metric allows to quantify how future generations' scope of action is affected by short-term climate policy. In an example application, we show that following a moderate emission scenario like SSP2-4.5 could commit future generations to heavily rely on carbon dioxide removal or/and solar radiation modification to avoid unmanageable sea level rise.


A comparison of different many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations of the ground state rotational and vibrational constants of SiS is made. The calculations are performed up to the complete fourth-order MBPT level, and in all cases two basis sets are utilized. The results of the third-order and some incomplete fourth-order calculations are in good agreement, but the complete fourth-order is among the worst as compared with the experimental data. Analysis of the different contributions to the calculated correlation eneriges points towards the necessity of including even higher-order terms of the(MBPT) expansion.


. The worldwide population is aging, and countries are facing ongoing challenges in improving the safety of elderly pedestrians. In this work, the single-file movement of the elderly is experimentally compared with that of dierent age groups. The findings indicate that the age is not the only factor influencing pedestrian dynamics. The heterogeneity of the crowd composition and familiarity among neighboring pedestrians also have significant eects. The existence of three regimes in the relationship between headway and speed is confirmed. In the strongly constrained regime, the slope of the relationship between the headway and speed of the elderly is bigger than that of the young, which means that the elderly are more sensitive to the spatial headway than the young when adapting their speeds. However, the dierence of the slopes in the weakly constrained regime is small, which indicates a weak dependency between age and the adaption time. The elderly need a longer headway during the transformation of the motion state. Besides, the ' active cease ' behavior of pedestrians, which is explained with the least eort principle, is observed in the experiment. The findings oer empirical data of the elderly under high densities and can be useful for the improvement of the pedestrian modelling and the construction of elderly friendly facilities.


DIGITAL COLLECTIONS OFFER LIBRARIES ANOTHER TREMENDOUS BENEFIT - THEY CAN BE LEVERAGED TO DRAW ADDITIONAL USERS INTO THE LIBRARY'S WEB PRESENCE.


While reinforcement learning has achieved considerable successes in recent years, state-of-the-art models are often still limited by the size of state and action spaces. Model-free reinforcement learning approaches use some form of state representations and the latest work has explored embedding techniques for actions, both with the aim of achieving better generalization and applicability. However, these approaches consider only states or actions, ignoring the interaction between them when generating embedded representations. In this work, we propose a new approach for jointly embedding states and actions that combines aspects of model-free and model-based reinforcement learning, which can be applied in both discrete and continuous domains. Specifically, we use a model of the environment to obtain embeddings for states and actions and present a generic architecture that uses these to learn a policy. In this way, the embedded representations obtained via our approach enable better generalization over both states and actions by capturing similarities in the embedding spaces. Evaluations of our approach on several gaming and recommender system environments show it significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models in discrete domains with large state/action space, thus confirming the efficacy of joint embedding and its overall superior performance.


In this study, room-temperature quasi-static compressive tests and split Hopkinson tests based on the principles of plastic deformation were conducted on 1020 steel at strain rates ranging from 2000 to 4000 s−1 and temperatures ranging from 100 to 400°C in order to improve the quality of 1020 steel components formed by cold working and develop an accurate mathematical model for describing the dynamic characteristics of 1020 steel. The relationship between flow stress and strain, strain rate and temperature was obtained. The effects of various strain rates and temperatures on the flow stress of 1020 steel were investigated; the results show that the effect of strain rate and thermal softening is obvious, and a modified Johnson–Cook (JC) model and an original JC model were established and compared based on the experimental data. The results of comparisons between the measured and predicted flow stresses by the two models using statistical analysis indicate that the modified JC model describes the dynamic ch...


Objective Based on the biological effect-kinetic methods,to study the compound Danshen sustained release tablets in vitro release kinetics of the process,and to explain the in vitro release characteristics of compound Danshen tablets.Methods Biochemical effects with chemiluminescene detection technology based on the neutrophil respiratory burst,the in vitro release samples of compound Danshen preparations were analyzed in the determined timepoints,which could show the differences of compound Danshen tablets in vitro release.Results Compund Danshen sustained tablets could release in 12 h,which achieved the quality design requirements of sustained release preparation.Conclusion In this study,the biological effect-kinetic method is successfully used.The method of the biochemical effects of chemlumiscence detection technology based on neutrophil respiratory burst is first constructed and used to study compound Danshen tablets in vitro release kinetics,which could be referred as the in vitro release evaluation of compound Chinese medicine sustained release preparation.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a semiconductor disk consisting of a substrate disk consisting of silicon and epitaxial silicon layer is precipitated thereon. Substrate discs, 0.1 5Ωcm resistivity The epitaxy layer has a thickness of 1.0μm from 0.2, LLSs defects of less than 30 with a magnitude greater than 0.085μm has a surface which is detectable. Also, the subject of the present invention is also a manufacturing method of the semiconductor disc. This substrate preparation disc having the properties; heating of the substrate disc in a deposition reactor to the precipitation temperature of at least 1120 ° C.; immediately after achieving and the precipitation temperature, thickness of 1.0μm 0.2 wherein the sequence of steps including the deposition of epitaxial layers having a of.


Introduction * Estimating the Survival and Hazard Functions * The Cox Model * Residuals * Functional Form * Testing Proportional Hazards * Influence * Multiple Events per Subject * Frailty Models * Expected Survival


This paper presents a universal wireless controller for PWM, Analog and TRIAC dimming. The presented dimming control system is a universal controller which was based on the Bluetooth wireless network. The universal controller was designed by the algorithm which is compatible with Analog (0-10V), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and TRIAC dimming control interface. Therefore, there is no compatible problem with the new lamps. The control system integrated with microcontroller, bluetooth module, power module and TRIAC module. Users can use the mobile devices to control the lighting. It not only can control the commercially lamps, but also can achieve the wireless smart lighting controlled.


Mona Nasr Information Systems Department, Faculty of computers and Information, Helwan University, Egypt firstname.lastname@example.com Mostafa Sayed Information Systems Department, Faculty of computers and Information, Beni-Suef University, Egypt email@example.com -------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------The electronic services become an important integral part of the Information Systems which supported by the term e-government. Many traditional business systems are now shifting to electronic systems and that in the midst of tremendous information, which is stored inside these systems. There are many researches in business information systems and their importance and advantages. Transforming business information systems to gain profit especially in government services is more difficult. This paper discusses the factors effects on the transformation of business information system represented in the State Council of Egypt information systems as a case study to an electronic inquiries system.


A solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell based on TiO2/SnO2 composite electrode and polyethylene glycol (PEG) based electrolyte has been fabricated. The solar cell was formed in sandwich structure, which two electrodes sandwiching polymer electrolyte containing a redox couple (I-/I3-). One of the electrode was TiO2/SnO2 composite layer on TCO (transparent conducting oxide) coated glass substrate which sensitized with Ruthenium complex dye as electron donor, and the other electrode was a carbon sheet as a counter electrode. Active area of solar cell was 1.5 cm x 1 cmm. The solar cell was tested by irradiation with mercury lamp of 400 Watt with intensity of 30 mW/cm2 at a distance of 30 cm and sunlight with intensity of 36 mW/cm2. The cell tested with mercury lamp result in an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 420 mV, short circuit current (ISC) of 52 μA, maximum power (Pmax) of 10.4 μW, fill factor (FF) of 48% and energy conversion (η) of 0.023 %. On the other hand, the cell tested with sunlight source result in VOC=480 mV, ISC=48μA, Pmax=12.6 μW, FF=55% and η=0.023%. Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cell, TiO2/SnO2 composite electrode, gel polymer solid electrolyte.


In the Extensive application of the technology,pound at traditional battle principle、battle method and the conduct system of battle.Under the modem battle and the development of technology,there is new change in Information-based battle,GPS is the most important role in military realm.


This paper proposes a model of brushless dc motor drive considering behaviour of the motor during commutation and waveform of backemf, for dynamic simulation of Electromechanical Actuator (EMA) under MATLAB/Simulink environment. Ideally trapezoidal backemf is considered in simulations for BLDC motor, which gives a constant torque. Practically, torque ripple exist, mainly due to emf waveform imperfections, current ripple and phase current commutation. Hence, an error can occur between real value and the simulation result. First a simple mathematical model of the BLDC drive is developed. The motor model is then simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, with sinusoidal and trapezoidal waveforms of backemf. A comparison study of results of both the cases is done. Finally the bldc motor model is integrated with the other models of the EMA and a dynamic simulation of the EMA is obtained.


Often viewed as a recruitment issue, the teacher shortage is better defined as a retention issue. This three-year study examines teacher retention through a professional learning communities framework. During the first year of data collection, 217 first- and second-year teachers in a small urban school district were surveyed to assess their perceptions of mentoring, school climate, and principal leadership. Findings suggest that beginning teachers' decisions to remain at their school site and in the school district is most strongly associated with school climate and principal leadership. Suggestions for future research and implications for policies addressing retention are discussed.


This article discusses the development of bilingual education as well as the condition of bilingual education to minorities in Xinjiang.It puts forward some suggestions for strengthening bilingual education and promoting the ethnic education development in Xinjiang.


Recent cultural and social theory has paid increasing attention to the category of space. What has received less attention, however, are ideas of navigation through space. Topographic questions started to be debated within the framework of new media as early on as the 1960's, resulting in the interest since this time in localization of information and visualization of informational spaces being inherently connected with map and display media. This paper argues that the convergence in cartographic, media and communication appliances is made particularly clear by the increasing phenomenon of car navigation systems. The media scientific analysis reveals that the history of car navigation systems is characterized by more commonalities than differences. Invariant constants are the re-discovery of mnemotechnics with Dataland and ETAK Navigator, vertical travel facilities since Aspen Movie Map, step-by-step route guidance since Philips CARIN, 3D navigation, photorealistic representation of urban areas, translucent insert maps, split-screen displays, the superpositioning of the map onto the landscape and in reverse, as well as the constant oscillation between two-dimensional projection space and environmental space, whether with or without a head-up display. Given this observation of continuity, the fundamental question needs to be posed with reference to a media history of car navigations systems, namely: When do changes in the technical, conceptional and aesthetic properties actually induce differences for media diffusion explanations? This hermeneutic-interpretative analysis is therefore less of an attempt to write a media history of car navigation systems, but more a space concepts overview by and through car navigation systems. 1


Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) provides computation capabilities within the radio access network and in close proximity to mobile users, so as to enrich user experience. In this paper, we consider a multi-cell MEC scenario, where the small cells are densely deployed and serve multiple mobile users. However, the finite computation resources of MEC server and severe inter-cell interference limit the scalability of offloading. We propose an adaptive sequential offloading game approach to resolve these problems, where the mobile users sequentially make offloading decisions based on the current interference environment and available computation resources. Besides, we adjust the number of offloaded users adaptively to avoid the unexpected queuing delay due to the competition for limited computation resources among offloaded users. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve efficient performance in terms of both the experienced latency and energy consumption and scale well as the network system size increases.


This paper describes the file format used by "snoop", a packet monitoring and capture program developed by Sun. This paper is provided so that people can write compatible programs to generate and interpret snoop packet capture files.


This paper makes the case that a significant factor in the failure to ensure adequate daylighting performance for interior spaces is often due to the inadequacy of methods used at the early stages of planning. All of the methods currently used for daylight/sunlight planning share common failings: they cannot make meaningful estimations of performance at the outset, nor can the methods used be extended/refined to overcome these failings. Thus, it is argued, a new approach is required. The paper gives an overview of the history and development of methods to predict performance; from the conception of the daylight factor to climate-based daylight modelling. The impact of prescriptive planning regulations is described using New York City as the example. The paper concludes with an outline of a new modelling schema which can provide the much needed link between the real-world practicalities of building planning and the need to determine realistic indicators of building performance at the earliest stages of obtaining planning consent.


A system of postgraduate training of dentists and dental technologists is proposed. Its basic part is general training, improving the qualification category of these specialists. The traditional form of organization of the training process remains unchanged.


The Xiliu meta-gabbros are composed predominantly of orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene granulites and clinopyroxene amphibolites,and are found as irregular lenses within the Neoachean granitic and tonalitic gneisses in the Jiaobei terrane.On the basis of petrography,mineral transformation,mineral composition,temperature-pressure estimation and in situ U-Pb dating of zircons,three distinct mineral assemblages of the meta-gabbros have been identified by the characteristics of mineral reactions and evolutions.The relict ophitic and gabbro textures represent the early index igneous textures.High-augite core in clinopyroxene is regarded as one of the early igneous assemblage (M 0).The magmaitic zircons record a weighted mean 207 Pb /206 Pb age of 2102 ± 3Ma,which represents the magmatic crystallization timing of the meta-gabbros.The granulite-facies metamorphism (M 1) is defined by the mineral assemblage of orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz,which formed at 800 ~ 850℃ and less than 0.65 ~ 0.75GPa.The mineral assemblage of amphibole + plagioclase + quartz formed at a cooling retrograde stage (M 2) with P-T conditions of 675 ~700℃ and 0.40 ~ 0.55GPa.The metamorphic zircon records a younger 207 Pb /206 Pb age of 1907 ± 16Ma,which represent the timing of the granuliteamphibolite facies metamorphism of the meta-gabbros.These data indicate that the meta-gabbros record a clockwise P-T path involving near-isobaric cooling (IBC) process.Combined with other investigations of the Jiaobei terrane,it was suggested that the Xiliu metagabbros were formed by crustal extension before the deposition of Paleoproterozoic strata,and were involved in the Late Paleoproterozoic (1.95 ~1.80Ga) collisional orogenic process in the Jiaobei terrane.


The ability of compressive forces to limit anterior tibial translation in nine subjects with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees was investigated. Anterior tibial translation was measured with the knee in full extension under conditions of no compression and compression (with a load equivalent to 50% of body weight) during rest, a laxity test with an 89 N anterior force, a 30% quadriceps contraction, a 30% hamstrings contraction, and a 30% co-contraction. Arthrometer (Knee Signature System) and electromyographic data for three trials for each condition were averaged, and data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that anterior tibial translation during the laxity test was limited when compressive forces were applied to the lower limb (5.23 vs. 8.08 mm). In addition, quadriceps contractions in either condition produced anterior tibial translation that was less than that obtained during the no compression laxity test (3.71 and 4.03 mm). It was concluded that knee joint compressive forces are a limiting factor in controlling anterior tibial translation and that compressive forces may be generated during what have been considered open kinetic chain activities. Knee rehabilitation programs must carefully assess the biomechanics of the exercise program in order to ensure that timely and appropriate stress is placed on the ACL and secondary restraints.


Calculations of the polarization of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ particles after fragmentation of a polarized quark produced in processes like $Z$-decay and deep inelastic polarized lepton scattering must include $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ produced as decay products of $\Sigma^0$ and $\Sigma^*$ as well as those produced directly. These decay contributions are significant and not feasibly included in theoretical calculations based on QCD without additional input from other experimental data. Furthermore these contributions depend on the spin structure of the $\Sigma^0$ or $\Sigma^*$ and are not directly related to the structure function of the $\Lambda$


This paper clear up thirty characters in the writing material of the Han dynasty which has thesame structure with the paleography of the former six countries in the Warring States Period. according tothese materials, analyzes the effect of the policy of "writing the same characters" in the Qin dynasity andthe standardization of Chinese characters policy in the Han dynasty. we also discussed the reasons whythese characters still was used in the Han dynasty.


Phylogeny is evolutionary interrelationship expressed in terms of recency of common ancestry. The elaboration of the theoretical framework of phylogenetic systematics ("cladistics") by the Hennig school [(e.g. 34, 35); for an introduction to later developments see (5)] has led to an upsurge of interest in reconstruction of phylogenies and has proved particularly stimu lating for inquiries into concepts of interrelationships of higher categories. This review is devoted to a treatment of the phylogeny of extant orders of insects and their closest relatives. Palaeozoic hexapods are reviewed by Wootton in this volume. The "ordinal" level has been fixed largely by convention within each major group in the Animal Kingdom. The orders recognized here are presented in Figure 1. These taxa are obviously not equivalent by any criteria, but at least it can be argued that they are all monophyletic entities. A comprehensive treatise on the phylogeny of higher hexapod categories, including lengthy discussions of previous hypotheses, was published in 1969 by Hennig (35). Hennig's views were subsequently critically assessed by Kristensen (43) with reference to a substantial amount of additional evi dence. These two works provide extensive bibliographies and are referred to repeatedly throughout this review. Emphasis is laid on a presentation of current views, and particular consideration is given to the numerous new proposals made in a thought-provoking, recent book by Boudreaux (15).


High spin states of 135La have been investigated using the reaction 128Te(11B,4n)135La at a beam energy of 50.5 MeV. Two negative parity dipole bands (ΔI = 1) have been established. Crossover E2 transitions have been observed for the first time in one of the dipole bands. For the Tilted Axis Cranking (TAC) calculations, a three-quasiparticle (3qp) configuration π(h11/2)1⊗ν(h11/2)−2 and a five-quasiparticle (5qp) configuration π(h11/2)1(g7/2/d5/2)2⊗ν(h11/2)−2 have been taken for the two negative parity dipole bands. The comparison of experimental observables with TAC calculations supports the configuration assignments for both the dipole bands.


After studying this article, the reader should be able to: Understand the role of systemic antibiotic treatment in infected pressure ulcers. Identify the complications of systemic antibiotic treatment.


The Australian family courts introduced Child Inclusive Conferencing after the country adopted the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The legislation governing these conferences is minimalistic but the Family Court Consultants in the Family Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit Court have well-developed and documented guidelines. The Family Court of Western Australia is, however, a separate entity and in the absence of regulatory guidelines its Family Consultants developed their own process and criteria. This model is unique, in Australia at least, because it has been organically developed by the practitioners providing the Child Inclusive Conferences with very little, if any, statutory and regulatory guidance. This model therefore serves as an example of how practitioners think child inclusive services should be offered. The model is, however, not documented and the aim of this study was to understand and document Family Consultants' decision making regarding if and when they will conduct a Child Inclusive Conference in the Family Court of Western Australia. Ten Family Consultants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted on the transcripts of the interviews identifying 12 themes. Overall the data suggested that Family Consultants take into account a range of criteria and although they were very cognisant of the importance for the child to be engaged in decision making they noted specific challenges regarding how they could use Child Inclusive Conferencing to do this. These findings provide a basis for the development of regulations that ensure that Child Inclusive Conferences are used optimally to improve the inclusion of children in the family court procedures in Western Australia and potentially elsewhere. Further research is, however, necessary before such regulations can be finalised.


The environmental conditions that impact comfort in educational settings can affect the quality of teaching and the students' performance. Thus, reaching sustainable learning environments goes through addressing which conditions affect this comfort and how students perceive them. For this reason, this work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the socio- environmental factors that drive comfort in educational environ-ments and evaluating their objective and subjective perspectives of them. In this regard, a proof-of-concept of an intelligent system for comfort measurement in educational environments is presented. This multi-modal system consists of two parts: (i) an environmental condition monitoring device that tracks comfort-related conditions by means of sensors (i.e., noise level, temperature, humidity, air quality and luminosity) and (ii) a smart audiovisual system designed to monitor and analyze complementary comfort-related parameters (e.g., emotions or audio quality). Through this system, an experimental evaluation was conducted to collect several inputs from 140 students in two different faculties and obtain both subjective information (collecting answers from a survey) and objective data through the described environmental sensors in class. The conclusions derived from the obtained quantitative and qualitative data aim to con-tribute to the scientific knowledge and the enabling technologies required to define a new way to model, quantify, monitor, and holistically optimize comfort in physical environments for better educational performance and campus sustainability.


Combining with the example of Baotou city square,on the basis of the recognition on city square space,the thesis illustrates the relationship between city square and city grade from two aspects of function and culture.It points out it is important for promoting the city grade to perfect city function and express city culture through city squares,which has certain guiding senses to city construction.


An alkyl ammonium auxiliary catalyst was developed for the telomerization of vinylidene chloride (VDC) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to form 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexachloropropane (HCC230) under T=90~115℃, P=350kpa~600kpa. Compared with the other amine auxiliary catalysts commonly used, to reach the conversion rate over 99% and the selectivity over 92%, the developed alkyl ammonium catalyst can reduce the reacting temperature and pressure and can shorten the reaction time too. It can be used in factory production.


Due to the interactions between the working areas involved in a production process, such as operation, quality, management, working environment, LCC management and analysis and maintenance, problem ...


It is shown that the issues of metrological traceability for extended self-luminous objects with a wide range of brightness have not yet been resolved, since the rank scales of embedded systems are used for processing digital images. For such scales, there is no "fixed" unit, which does not allow you to get reliable results and ensure the unity of measurements. An experiment is described to evaluate the accuracy of determining the intensity (coordinates) of the color of self-luminous objects. In terms of repeatability and intermediate precision compared to the reference measurement method, the color and chromaticity coordinates of self-luminous objects (reference samples) were determined by their multiple digital registration using technical vision systems. The possibilities of the developed methodology for colorimetric studies in hardware and software environments from the point of view of constructing a multidimensional conditional scale are determined.


Consider a compact surface of genus at least two. We prove that the first cohomology group of the mapping class group with coefficients in the space of algebraic functions on the SL(2, C) moduli space vanishes.


Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on efficiency of the stock markets in Latin America.

Design/methodology/approach

Daily stock indices from Latin American countries, including Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, are used in the analysis. To examine the impact of stock market liberalization on efficiency, the authors use several approaches, including the runs test, Chow–Denning multiple variation ratio test, Wright variance ratio test, the martingale hypothesis test and the stochastic dominance (SD) test, on the above Latin American stock market indices.

Findings

The authors find that stock market liberalization does not improve stock market efficiency in Latin America.

Originality/value

This investigation is among the first to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on the efficiency of the stock markets. It is among the first to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on the efficiency of the Latin American stock markets. It is also among the first to apply the martingale hypothesis test and a SD approach on issue about efficient market.


Tailings from iron ore mines represent one of the biggest waste handling problems. By the end of this century in Indi a 27 Mt/y iron ore tailings will be generated. Provision of tailing pond fo r the containment is a must. But it does not give the full guarantee or environmental compl iance. Impacts on surface water qu ality due to the discharge of tai lings have been desc ribed. Serious concern in thi s regard is the direct discharge of tailings into ri vers . Another cause of polluti on is the discharge of excess supernatan t fro m tail ing pond into a water course. A case study of an iron ore mine has been desc ribed with respect to it s importance of geological form ation, location, natural drainage system, study sites, etc. Methodology adopted ror collection of samples and analysis have been discussed . The decanted e ffluent from the tailing pond was being di scharged into the nearby ri ver th rough a nallah. Characteristi cs of the effluent, water quality of upstream, confluence point and downstream river have been d iscussed. In general the pollutant contribu tion to the surface water body in terms of TSS , Fe and Mn were more pertinent. Other trace metals were fo und to contaminate the surface water though these were found to be within the permi ssibl e li mit of surface water qu ality standards. Waste water management to prevent water pollut ion can be achieved by recycling of decanted e ffluent fro m tailing pond fo r process use, with certai n trea tment fo r removal o fTSS , Fe and other contaminant s. Even fo r di scharging these efflu ents to natural water body it is des irabl e to remove these contaminant s.


This doctoral dissertation investigates stakeholders' reactions toward iodine biofortified foods. Iodine deficiency alone affects over 2 billion people worldwide, and is particularly prevalent in developing countries. Iodine is an essential trace element found in seafood and iodized salt, as well as certain vegetables and is important for growth and development throughout the body, as well as cognitive development. Given the critical role of iodine in human nutrition, various strategies have been implemented to reduce iodine deficiency and Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). However, despite considerable progress through iodine fortification, the goal is still far from being achieved.
Therefore, there is a need to explore the potential of new approaches, such as iodine biofortification. Biofortification is a strategy to enhance micronutrient concentrations in staple crops, either through conventional or transgenic breeding techniques. Given its status as an agriculture-based, micronutrient strategy, a thorough insight into stakeholder reactions is necessary, examining stakeholders from both the demand-side (consumers) and the supply-side (farmers). A conceptual framework bringing together behavioural change models, technology acceptance modelling and an economic valuation technique was developed and tested for use in stakeholder analysis. Six distinct studies were conducted, targeting locations drawn from three East African countries: Kenya; Uganda; and Tanzania, which have high levels of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) as well as retarded mental and neurological development coupled with poor school performance. These locations meet the criteria for iodine deficiency endemic areas with a large at risk population that seldom benefits from the existing intervention programs.
All model constructs in the framework are decisive in determining the uptake of iodine biofortification. Consistent with evaluation of food with nutritional benefits, stakeholders on both the demand (parents and school heads) and supply-side (small-scale farmers) had favourable reactions towards iodine biofortified food, the uptake of which could drastically change the trend in iodine intake in iodine deficiency endemic areas. These findings present a niche opportunity for producers to tap into the demand market created. In principle, the findings could shape the policy terrain for addressing iodine deficiency, as well as ameliorating the nutrition intervention campaign through agricultural-based interventions, such as biofortification.


This project grew out of my desire to realise an emancipatory vision in my practice of teacher professional learning in early education. Most of the professional learning for early education teachers in New Zealand is designed to assist the implementation of policy, and with broad trends such as standardisation and evidence-based practice dominating political agendas, the space for alternatives is limited. There is growing concern by some with the continuing positivist influence on professional learning which prioritizes technical training over critical inquiry and dialectical debate. Despite this, there is very little research questioning these trends; or seeking ways to work differently with teachers towards social justice. The main aim of this project was therefore to examine professionalleaming and the inter-related themes of knowledge, the learner, and change from a critical pedagogical perspective, using poststructuralist feminist theory and the work of Foucault to do so. Action research was chosen as the methodology because this is most consistent with the critical pedagogical principles underpinning this project. In keeping with poststructuralist feminist theory and the work of Foucault, action research was reconceptualised within postmodernism and many of the normally accepted conventions of modernist research were therefore challenged and re-defined. There were no attempts made to produce certain and universal answers, or to prove the findings valid through methods such as triangulation. Instead, the aim was to present multiple perspectives, including the contradictory and uncertain. The researcher was not positioned as objective but as wholly present, and the subjectivities, contradictions and challenges experienced because of this were illuminated, not hidden. Moreover, a postmodern stance meant that findings were presented as partial, provisional, and local. To achieve the research aims I worked with seven early education teachers in New Zealand over a period of 2 Y:z years, meeting with them both individually and as a group. In group sessions we discussed and debated many educational issues; some raised by teachers and some introduced by me. These sessions were an opportunity to engage on a dialectical level with the discourses shaping beliefs and practices. Most of the data came from these fragmented and discontinuous conversations, and this data was used to examine how power, knowledge and discourse worked together to shape what was counted as nonnal and worthwhile for these teachers to know and learn. Because the goal of reconceptualised action research is to understand more about the social order so that this can be transfonned, data was used to inform social change during and not just after the project. Poststructuralist feminist theory focused the analysis more specifically on how the women teachers in this project negotiated and manoeuvred in and through the competing discourses to which they had access. Foucault's work on sexuality was used to consider how the problematization of teaching affected what teachers believed to be best practice, and how this shaped their becoming. Additionally, Foucault's work on power and the practices of the self became useful for examining how discourse was regulated, preserved and reproduced throughout this project, and how this sanctioned and silenced what could be spoken and by whom. Together, the work of Foucault and poststructuralist feminist theory offered a different lens with which to question and challenge teacher professional learning in early education. The main argument of this thesis is that professional learning for progressive social change involves much more than technical training. If teachers are to engage in the kind of critical inquiry and dialectical debate necessary for the work of social justice, then current professionalleaming opportunities need to be challenged. In this project, it was employing a Foucauldian analysis of power to the way I organised and managed time and space that brought the biggest shifts. For me, this involved redefining what I valued in terms of knowledge, the learner and change; and shifting what I prioritised in the time and space given to learning. As a result I more actively and intentionally sought to disrupt privileged truths and to create experimental learning spaces where learners could cross borders into the unfamiliar and unsafe. In these spaces both beliefs and practices were unsettled and learners were invited to become otherwise; and when they did, the change was transformational. The following pages share with the reader how this happened. Applying a poststructuralist feminist and Foucauldian analysis to teacher professional learning provided a way for me to re-imagine how teacher professional learning in early education might be a force for progressive social change. This thesis highlights the possibilities presented by such an analysis and challenges others to consider professional learning in early education differently.


The article examines the technical features of the new 802.11ax standard, which for convenience has been assigned the abbreviation Wi-Fi 6. These include: support for 2.4 and 5 GHz bands; OFDMA support; joint work of MU-MIMO and OFDMA; Target Wake Time function. OFDM technology divides data channels into multiple subcarriers, providing higher connection and network reliability. In 802.11ax, the number of subcarriers quadruples due to the long OFDM guard interval. This will help increase the network coverage, and, accordingly, the speed of Wi-Fi 6 by 11%. With channel widths up to 160 MHz, 802.11ax provides incredible connection speeds. Thus, 802.11ax increases performance by simultaneously transmitting up to 8 data streams to multiple clients simultaneously. In addition, Wi-Fi 6 supports the MU-MIMO option for the output channel, when one antenna transmits data to one subscriber. A study of the effectiveness of the IEEE 802.11ax standard, that is, BSS Color, and the effect of the service area overlap threshold in various cases was carried out. An improved algorithm for controlling the sensitivity of setting the threshold for overlapping service areas both at access points and at mobile stations is proposed, which does not require significant changes at the MAC level. An advanced sensitivity control algorithm adjusts coverage overlap based on the observed interference level and the received signal strength from the respective receiver. The improved sensitivity control algorithm was compared to dynamic sensitivity control, an algorithm that was first proposed to clean up the channel and was also used in Wi-Fi 6 to adjust the coverage threshold overlap. The improved sensitivity control algorithm has been shown to outperform the aforementioned schemes (up to 47% in terms of increased throughput) in most simulated cases, while maintaining fairness among users. On the other hand, the improved sensitivity control algorithm increases the transmission capabilities of mobile stations (roughly the same probability for all users in the service area), which also leads to a higher level of contention. However, user contention can be controlled by other means specially designed to deal with it, such as channel flush threshold and contention window size.