One of the key systems of a Muon Collider (MC) - seen as the most exciting option for the energy frontier machine in the post-LHC era - is its interaction region (IR). Designs of its optics, magnets and machine-detector interface are strongly interlaced and iterative. As a result of recent comprehensive studies, consistent solutions for the 1.5-TeV c.o.m. MC IR have been found and are described here. To provide the required momentum acceptance, dynamic aperture and chromaticity, an innovative approach was used for the IR optics. Conceptual designs of large-aperture high-field dipole and high-gradient quadrupole magnets based on Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductor were developed and analyzed in terms of the operating margin, field quality, mechanics, coil cooling and quench protection. Shadow masks in the interconnect regions and liners inside the magnets are used to mitigate the unprecedented dynamic heat deposition due to muon decays ({approx}0.5 kW/m). It is shown that an appropriately designed machine-detector interface (MDI) with sophisticated shielding in the detector has a potential to substantially suppress the background rates in the MC detector.


The main reason for usage of multi-cloud solutions is cost effectiveness. The accuracy of the cost benefits analysis that should be used in decision making process is directly related to the approach for the cost of development and cost of operation efforts calculation.


A new scan conversion scheme and video memory architecture with advanced graphics for raster scan radar display are proposed in this paper. By taking advantage of a succession of radar range scans, the Cartesian coordinate increments (0 or 1) of every two axial adjacent points are pre-calculated and stored and then the Cartesian coordinates can be reconstructed by counting the increments in real time when converted. This new approach works quickly and precisely and can overcome artifacts in visual effects. The advanced graphics functions of this system greatly improve the display performance, especially the ability of plotting the extracted data. A practical display system based on these principles is developed and implemented. The excellent result proves its feasibility and versatility.


Amylose from potato starch is of great advantage for applications in many fields because of its higher degree of polymerization and lower gelling temperature compared with cereal starch.However,there is no natural mutant of high-amylose potato.RNAi technique is efficient and specific for plant gene silence but traditional RNAi vector is laborious to prepare.To design an easily-prepared RNAi vector and to develop transgenic high-amylose potato,PCR technique was employed to amplify the nos terminator,the tobacco axi1 and the tobacco ubi.u4 promoter,and to sub-clone a fused fragment SIII which is partially homologous to potato Sbe1 and to Sbe2.Then,a newly designed vector pCUSNI containing "ubi.u4 promotor-antisense SIII-antisense nos terminator-axi1 gene intron-sense nos terminator" was generated and transformed into potato varieties Longshu 3,Gannongshu 2,and Atlantic by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Sixteen transgenic potato plants were obtained,and the amylose content in 14 of them increased significantly,which ranged from 53.80% to 85.33% of total starch.But with the increase of amylose content,starch content decreased in transgenic potato plants.Results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that the accumulation of mRNAs for Sbe1 and Sbe2 was not detectable in transgenic plants with amylose content higher than 80%,indicating that the novel RNAi vector pCUSNI was highly efficient for the simultaneous silence of Sbe1 and Sbe2 in potato.The generation of the RNAi vector pCUSNI makes it much easier to prepare RNAi vectors targeting to other plant genes.The only thing is to insert a fragment of the target gene or the target genes in restriction sites between BamH I and Xba I in vector pCUSNI to replace SIII and there is no need to construct an inverted repeat of target gene.


This paper intends to investigate the optimization of Rankine cycle using exergy analysis methods. The results of steam power plant optimization for open feed water heaters through writing computer code has been offered and is compared with Haywood's analytic results as well as Habib's and his colleagues results for close feed water heaters. It will be demonstrated that the application of open feed water heaters, in comparison to the result mentioned above, provides optimal situation and leads to more efficiency. Also, in close heater position, it is observed that for some of the amounts the relative efficiency is negative, but in open heater position, the amounts will remain positive all the time.


The optical response of a surface covered with an array of gold nanopillars is studied both experimentally, using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and numerically. When treating the gold pillars as an effective layer, we find that it is possible to extract anisotropic effective optical indices that fit the experimental data. However, a detailed numerical study of the behavior of the metamaterial under illumination shows the presence of localized, specific coupling effects with the underlying layer, suggesting that homogeneization, and effective indices should be considered with caution and have only limited applicability.


Implicit and Explicit Language Learning and Knowledge Children acquire their first language (L1) by engaging with their caretakers in natural meaningful communication. From this "evidence" they automatically acquire complex knowledge of the structure of their language. Yet paradoxically they cannot describe this knowledge, the discovery of which forms the object of the disciplines of theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and child language acquisition. This is a difference between explicit and implicit knowledge—ask a young child how to form a plural and she says she does not know; ask her "here is a wug, here is another wug, what have you got?" and she is able to reply, "two wugs." The acquisition of L1 grammar is implicit and is extracted from experience of usage rather than from explicit rules—simple exposure to normal linguistic input suffices, and no explicit instruction is needed. Adult acquisition of second language (L2) is a different matter in that what can be acquired implicitly from communicative contexts is typically quite limited in comparison to native speaker norms, and adult attainment of L2 accuracy usually requires additional resources of consciousness and explicit learning.


Electron holography and electron interferometry for magnetic specimens have no close analogy to counterparts in visible-ray optics, while there are such counterparts for nonmagnetic specimens. Formulas are presented for the relation between the magnetic structure of specimens and the phase information that can be determined using such techniques. Some simulation examples using the formulas are demonstrated including a display of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in a form of interferometry. In addition, how a magnetic monopole should appear on an electron hologram and how its strength and sign should be determined from the hologram are illustrated. The interference fringes on the hologram must look like "a dislocation in a set of parallel lines." The number of extra lines corresponds to the strength of the monopole.


Almost every battle was fought in Manchuria region except the early Amnokgang battle in the Russo-Japanese War and the Japanese army achieve victory in most of battles. Although the Japanese army failed to move northward to Harbin and they were not able to receive any war indemnity in Treaty of Portsmouth, it is obviously true that the Japanese army and navy actually won the victory against Russia. As they stress this victory too much, it`s hard to deny a possibility that facts are exaggerated or added little by little in materials and books related to the war which were published after postwar years. For example, military operations in Manchuria which were rarely mentioned in the political community were described as if they were already discussed seriously in the General Staff Office from the year of 1900 while Korea that was the most important political goal before the Russo-Japanese War did not have such a weight in the operational plan of the General Staff, and it is a result of exaggerating more than it actually was as demonstrated above. It`s because the year of 1900 was a time when even minor military operations in Korea were not allowed by the Japanese Government. Therefore, it`s possible to understand what the goal of continental politics by the Japanese Government was if we tell the truth from falsehood by tracing operational plans the General Staff Office designed since 1900 and it`s possible to clearly elucidate what the original purpose and cause of the Russo-Japanese War was if we correct what was exaggerated more than it actually was. For this reason, it can be said that it`s necessary to examine in more detail materials related to the General Staff Office which was not fully investigated in this paper.


This essay is an attempt to get at the core of the problematic relation between science and religion. Historical overviews describe the variety of ways science and religion handled their disputes in the past. Here it is argued that those disputes arose—and still arise—as a result of the differences between the basic premises and beliefs of both parties prior to the disputes. It is felt that the origin of (any) religious belief is mysticism. Mystics however generally have no tendencies to quarrel. They tend to see similarities rather than points of difference. It is 'institutional' religion that is arguably the causal malefactor by losing its connection with its authentic origin and stressing other points for attention. Key words: Science, history, religion, mysticism, meditation, brain.


[9] M.M. Siddiqui, "Some problems connected with Rayleigh distribuTesting and Reliability Estimation (S.K. Sinha & B.K. Kale) published by tion", J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. D, 66D, 1962 Apr, pp 167-174. Wiley Eastern Limited in 1980. Dr. Sinha was elected a Member of the In[10] S.K. Sinha, H.A. Howlader, "Credible and HPD intervals of the ternational Statistical Institute in 1979 and is a Fellow of the Royal parameter and reliability of Rayleigh distribution", Tech. Report Statistical Society. No. 120, Department of Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, 1983. Dr. H.A. Howlader; Department of Statistics; The University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, CANADA.


Rhoicosphenia is a common diatom in both freshwater and marine ecosystems and the genus can be found on nearly every continent. Despite the fact that the genus is common, few new species have been reported from outside of Europe, Asia, and North America, and only one species has been previously described from the Antarctic. Further, most Rhoicosphenia are heteropolar in valve outline, asymmetrical to the transapical axis, while few taxa are isopolar. During investigations into the epiphytes on the red alga Georgiella confluens from the South Shetland Islands, a new marine, isopolar Rhoicosphenia was discovered and is herein described and documented with both light and scanning electron microscopy. Rhoicosphenia kloseri is isopolar, and in that regard similar to other isopolar taxa, such as R . genuflexa and R . pullus , but does not fit the morphological species concept of those taxa and is thus described as new. This new species discovery is following a trend of high rates of discovery of previously ignored morphological diversity within the genus Rhoicosphenia .


The paper tries to clarify the two-level management model from the perspective of the relationship between academic power and administrative power,which satisfies the requirement of higher education management reform and university's sustainable development.


Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations,and the application of the study to the control of health problems.It's an important part of studying the diseases' patterns and causes to display the distribution of disease or health by space,time and person.In this paper,we briefly review the epidemiological characteristics of echinococcosis according to space,time and person,aimed at providing help to control and prevent this disease in our country.


The All-Electric of modern military equipment has become an important trend, in the field of aircraft the traditional servo control focus on the exact control of the motor. With the development of power electronics technology, a high-power motor has expanded into a multiphase kind which cast off the limitation of traditional three-phase motors. The multiphase motor has more control resources and fault-tolerant control ability under the fault condition, which has practical meaning for high safety and high-reliability applications in an airborne environment. The multiphase motor can be controlled by a series of phase-shift carriers, which can reduce DC current ripple more effectively than the traditional carrier-based pulse width modulation, but it needs to find the optimal phase shift angle. In this paper, the optimal carrier phase shift angle is analyzed mathematically which can be used for both under health and single open-phase fault of a dual three-phase motor, and the simulation result illustrates that the carrier phase shift method used in this paper has the DC current ripple optimization effect.


Welcomed at first as liberators in much of Southeast Asia, the Japanese were clearly disliked and unwanted when the war ended. They demonstrated a marked incapacity to cope with the nationalism which they found and fanned. Lack of imagination, inflexibility and racial arrogance doomed them to failure as an inspiring and liberating fountainhead of an Asian world-state. Mr. Elsbree's analysis has added greatly to our knowledge of Japan as a world power. Without question she unleashed forces of nationalism which she could not control. The picture Mr. Elsbree unveils is not one which shows Japan as a great or wise colonial power. Is it possible that her failure to adjust her controls may have been due to her declining will and strength as defeat came nearer? It should not be forgotten that earlier Japan controlled her " C " Mandate, Korea, and Manchuria and demonstrated at least moderate capacity for effectiveness. The alternative to Japan's actual behavior would have been an advanced type of regional federalism—with ties of tradition, ideology and common purpose rather than force. But it is hardly reasonable to expect that Japan would have built a regional system like that of the British Commonwealth of Nations within so short a time under wartime circumstances. The Commonwealth evolved slowly and tortuously after a long period of more rigid controls. Given victory and Asian peace, it is conceivable that Japan may have been forced to evolve a Co-Prosperity Sphere similar to the Commonwealth system. Whether there might have been a sufficient ideological base to sustain such an entity or whether Japan could have shown sufficient moral strength and wisdom to have continued as its leader are questions now impossible to answer. It is interesting to conjecture that under a more enlightened government than that of the ultra-militarists she might have been capable of establishing an Asian commonwealth. Japan's unflattering behavior in Southeast Asia occurred during very troubled times. It is still too early to pass judgment on her capacity as a leader of other nations.


ObjectiveTo estimate the length of stay and proportional mortality in COVID patients in a COVID-dedicated hospital.MethodsA retrospective record review was done using medical records of COVID-19 in-patients, capturing the demographic, clinical, and laboratory details of admitted COVID patients, including serial samples for RTPCR/CBNAAT for Coronavirus. These details from electronic medical records were compared and collated for patients of different comorbidities to arrive at the average length of stay and case fatality rate and time duration for patients to turn COVID-negative.ResultsPatients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) had the highest Average Length of Stay (ALS) of 12.09 days in the hospital followed by patients with Hypertension (11.5 days). Patients without any comorbidities had ALS of 8.8 days. A combination of HTN, DM, coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) had the highest ALS of 14.5 days. The average duration for patients to test negative is 16 days for patients without any comorbidities. The average duration between the first symptom and the negative test is the longest for DM (21 days) followed by HTN (19.5 days), cancer (19 days), and obesity (16 days). Among the 731 people who died in the observed time, the proportional mortality rate was highest with HTN (10.80%) followed by carcinoma (7.66%) and DM (6.56%), 32.55% had a combination of two or more comorbidities. 33.70% deceased didn't have any comorbidities.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preparing for future outbreaks and sudden increases in cases. Based on our findings, we recommend Hospital administrators have a comprehensive approach to planning for the future, considering all relevant factors, including the epidemiology of the disease, the average length of stay, and mortality rates, to ensure that their hospitals are equipped to provide high-quality care to all patients.


The effects of the process parameters in the molding of aspheric glass lenses for camera phone modules have been investigated experimentally. The molding conditions were optimized with respect to the form accuracy (PV) (the response variable) of the molded lens. The experimental conditions were obtained by employing a factorial design method. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and P-value (significance level), the slow cooling rate was found to affect the response variable most significantly. The lens molded under the optimum molding condition showed a transcription ratio of 93.4%.


The phenomenon of high optical transmission through periodic structure on base of metallic diffraction grating was provided for TE polarization. It is shown that resonant transmission occurs only as a result of waveguide effect. There is certain a slit width where possible waveguide effect and consequently high transmission.


Map of the cattle trails throughout Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Texas, used to travel northward to markets and shipping points. The map also includes state boundaries, major towns, bodies of water, and areas of elevation. Relief shown in hachures. No scale indicated.


This report summarizes research accomplishments on the International Space Station (ISS) through the first 15 Expeditions. When research programs for early Expeditions were established, five administrative organizations were executing research on ISS: bioastronautics research, fundamental space biology, physical science, space product development, and space flight. The Vision for Space Exploration led to changes in NASA's administrative structures, so we have grouped experiments topically by scientific themes human research for exploration, physical and biological sciences, technology development, observing the Earth, and educating and inspiring the next generation even when these do not correspond to the administrative structure at the time at which they were completed. The research organizations at the time at which the experiments flew are preserved in the appendix of this document. These investigations on the ISS have laid the groundwork for research planning for Expeditions to come. Humans performing scientific investigations on ISS serve as a model for the goals of future Exploration missions. The success of a wide variety of investigations is an important hallmark of early research on ISS. Of the investigations summarized here, some are completed with results released, some are completed with preliminary results, and some remain ongoing.


The results of research on solid heterogeneous rocket propellant (SHRP) containing: ammonium chlorate(VII) (AP) as an oxidant, a binder based on liquid synthetic rubber, i.e. hydroxylterminated polybutadiene (HTPB), aluminium (Al) and technological additives in a laboratory rocket motor (LRM) are presented to determine the thermal sensitivity of the propellant.


Abstract : Recently, interest has been manifested in using the sea return observed by an airborne radar as a possible continuous monitor of the condition of the sea surface. As a step in analytically evaluating the concept, a brief study is presented of the sea return as seen by a radar viewing the sea at near-normal incidence. (Author)


A new method to estimate the velocity boundaries of real layered structure from only surface recordings was constructed by decomposing an SH-wave into instantaneous power of wave associated with rays in a homogeneous half space. The estimated results obtained by applying this method to seismograms were represented as a function of lapse-time (t) and depth-time (τ); i.e., travel time from surface toward depth-direction. We conducted the evaluation of the proposed method to the strong motion data recorded at the FCH array. The recordings were obtained using broadband velocity seismometers for the earthquakes that occurred in five source regions, the Eastern Yamanashi, East off Izu peninsula, in and around Tokyo, the Southwestern Ibaraki, and the Central Chiba regions. The estimated results of velocity boundaries obtained by this method were in good agreement with the velocity boundaries previously determined by means of down-hole method. The comparison study with seismic interferometry was also conducted, and yielded concordant results for the estimation of velocity boundaries.


Abstract Lymph node cells from TNCB-immune BALB/c mice fail to produce IFN-γ when exposed to antigen in vitro. Conversely, lymph node cells of irradiated (550 rads) BALB/c mice produce IFN-γ. Transfer experiments show that normal BALB/c mice contain cells which suppress IFN-γ production. These downregulatory cells are CD4 + αβ + and rearrange the invariant Vα14-Jα281 T cell receptor α chain, thus belonging to the NK T cell subset. Downregulatory cells probably act by producing IL-4 as their effect is blocked by mAb to IL-4.


The invention relates to an automatic control method for lamps of a vehicle, the lamps being able to emit a light beam for illuminating a road, the vehicle having a video camera. It is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: - detecting the presence of a pair of light sources from an image (I) captured by the camera, - calculating a projector angle (beta) which is defined by an elevation angle of the pair of light sources in a vehicle repository located at the level of the lamps; and- adjusting the orientation of the light beam as a function lamps of said projector angle (beta) .Use: motor vehicle


OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Shenfu injection on the cancer-related fatigue(CRF)in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy.METHODS:182 patients with lung cancer were randomly divided into simple chemotherapy group(control group,58 cases),low dosage group(62 cases) and high dosage group(62 cases).Low dosage group and high dosage group received Shenfu injection 30 mL·d-1 and 60 mL·d-1 via i.v.gtt in addition to conventional chemotherapy.In the study,3 groups all receined chemotherapy for 3 weeks.Treatment course lasted for 4 weeks.The level and degree of CRF and ADR in each group were determined after chemotherapy.RESULTS:After the 4 cycles,the CRF in high dosage group decreased significantly,compared with control group and low dosage group(P0.05);the low dosage group compared with control group had no difference(P0.05).No ADR related to drug use was found in the research process.CONCLUSION:Shenfu injection can reduce the CRF of chemotherapeutical drugs with low ADR in patients with lung cancer.


We introduce a canonical, compact topology, which we call weakly causal, naturally generated by the causal site of J. D. Christensen and L. Crane, a pointless algebraic structure motivated by certain problems of quantum gravity. We show that for every four-dimensional globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold there exists an associated causal site, whose weakly causal topology is co-compact with respect to the manifold topology and vice versa. Thus, the causal site has the full information about the topology of space-time, represented by the Lorentzian manifold. In addition, we show that there exist also non-Lorentzian causal sites (whose causal relation is not a continuous poset) and so the weakly causal topology and its de Groot dual extends the usual manifold topology of space-time beyond topologies generated by the traditional, smooth model. As a source of inspiration in topologizing the studied causal structures, we use some methods and constructions of general topology and formal concept analysis.


In reviewing the facts given above on the aetiology of zonular cataract the following appear the most impressive: ( I ) many, probably most, cases of zonular cataract are connected with some tetanic condition, (2) tetany, even the latent form, is in adults undoubtedly a cause of cataract, sometimes of the zonular form, and in animals parathyreoprival tetany is known to cause cataract, (3) persons with zonular cataract have very often suffered from rickets, and (4) infantile tetany in the vast majority of cases depends on rickets.


Current information indicates that lipid production and the biosynthesis of specific lipid classes by members of the genus Candida are influenced by medium composition and the physiochemical conditions of cultivation.'" Data from this laboratory indicated that NaCl and medium pH altered the growth and lipid content of Candida albicans4.' and Candida stellatoidea.6,' The data from these reports also demonstrated that qualitative changes in fatty acid composition occurred only with C. stellatoidea. More recently, Combs et a1.* reported on the effects of culture age and medium aeration on the lipids of C. albicans. thus providing a basis for investigating the response of C. stellatoidea in terms of growth, lipid production and fatty acid composition under conditions of cultivation identical to those reported for C. albicans. Candida stellatoidea ATCC 1 1006 was grown in a chemically defined medium9 supplemented with biotin (0.005 pg/ml) and glucose (1.0%, wt/vol). Cultivation in the defined medium at an initial pH of 6.5 in shaken flasks for 48 h at 28.5OC represented standard or control conditions of growth used to assess the influence of NaCl and medium pH on the growth and lipid composition of C. stellatoidea"*' and C. albican~.**~ In the present study, the effects of culture age on growth and lipid production were examined by the incubation of yeast cultures in shaken flasks for 48 and 120 h. To assess the effects of nonaeration of the medium, the cultures were incubated in stationary flasks for 120 h. In each study, viable counts were obtained using a sample of the yeast culture. The methods used to harvest cells, extract lipids and analyze fatty acid methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography are described in detail in an earlier r e p ~ r t . ~ The data presented in TABLE 1 indicate that growth and lipid production were not affected by culture age under aerated conditions of incubation. In contrast, cultivation in nonaerated flasks induced marked changes in both growth and lipid production (TABLE I ) . Compared to 48and 120-h aerated cultures, growth in stationary flasks for 120 h was accompanied by a decrease in medium pH, viable cell counts, dry cell weight and lipid production, and a marked increase in the percent lipid yield. As shown in TABLE 2, extending the period of incubation in shaken flasks from 48 to 120 h did not induce major quantitative changes in fatty acid composition with the


SUBTITLE: ELECTRONICS HAVE MOVED TO CENTER STAGE IN ENGINE DESIGN, AND HAVING THE PROPER BITS AND BYTES IN THE ECU IS NOW TOP PRIORITY: HERE'S A LOOK AT ECU HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.


Material Supplemental http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/suppl/2012/02/14/gad.182477.111.DC1.html References http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/26/5/445.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 73 articles, 28 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genes & Development Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the


New educational software becomes available daily. It is essential that these new programs be thoroughly reviewed to determine programming proficiency and efficacy. Educational software may be considered valuable if it promotes learning, however educators must purchase selectively to achieve specific objectives. To this end, the following review of two new programs offered by Learning Well is presented. To adequately review educational software it is advisable to evaluate content, educational purpose, method of operation and technical features of the program in question. Recommendations based upon so complete a review will allow educators to make informed choices, thereby effecting the greatest benefits of educational software.


Various biological, genetic, psychological or social factors that feature a target oriented life with chronic stress and frequent traumatic experiences, lead to pessimism and apathy. The massive scale of depression should be dealt with as a disease rather than a 'phase' that is neglected by the majority. However, not a lot of people are aware of depression and its impact. Depression is a serious issue that should be treated in the right way. Many people dealing with depression do not realize that they have it due to the lack of awareness. This paper aims to address this issue with a tool built on the blocks of machine learning. This model analyzes the public social media texts and detects the signs of depression under three labels namely "not depressed", "moderately depressed", and "severely depressed" with high accuracy. The ensembled model uses three learners namely Multi-Layered Perceptron, Support Vector Machine and Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier. The distinctive feature in this model is that it uses Artificial Neural Networks, Classifiers, Regression and Voting Classifiers to compute the final result or output.


In the modeling of low temperature plasma devices, e.g. glow discharges, the particle-in-cell-Monte-Carlo-collision (PIC-MCC) method has gained increasing importance. The large numerical expenditure, however, has so far limited the number of tractable problems. One reason for this is the fact that the particle simulation has to resolve the smallest scales of a problem. Realistic plasma devices such as the dc glow discharge always possess a number of essentially different time scales: fast electron motion in the cathode fall and slow ion drift in the plasma bulk. Therefore, to obtain convergence, a large number of simulation cycles is necessary. In the past, different methods were developed to cope with the multiple time scale problem: in implicit PIC an increase of the electron time step beyond 1/{omega}{sub pe}, is possible. This method is not suitable for the modeling of glow discharges, where the time step is limited by the requirement that the particle trajectories between successive collisions must be resolved. Another very simple procedure is the reduction of the ion-electron mass ratio. This also is not suitable for our purposes because it influences the mobility and the drift motion. To overcome the problem of multiple time scales in the modeling of lowmore » temperature plasma devices, we have developed a new method, which we call asynchronous cycling. It is designed to manage situations with changes in the macroscopic quantities slower than the ion motion.« less


The evaluate after the investement of a construct project is the major component of the project management. By the evaluate, it can analysis the condition of the decision making, practice, and running of the construct project comprehensively, and offer the foundation of the running of constructed project and the decision making of the project investment. This paper make analysis study of the function and the characteristic of the evaluate after investment, and set forth it's importance and managing countermeasure.


and approximate theory. To assist in comparing models across paradigms, more than just statistical methods are needed. Analyses and comparisons of the functional reasons the models produce the results they do are required as well, and they must be represented in a form that abstracts away from the paradigm-specific languages in which the behavior is encoded. For example, in comparing symbolic and connectionist algorithms for generalizing from multiple instances, what is desired over and above direct comparison of performance measures is an understanding of the differences in the biases employed by the algorithms and the types of knowledge they extract from the instances, along with the algorithmic sources of these differences.


The deposition of 5–10 cm of tephra from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens had no more effect than subsequent yearly weather fluctuations on the net primary production of subalpine meadows. The net primary production of areas subject to cold mudflows slowly increased as surviving plants resprouted through the eroded surface and has remained below that of tephra deposition areas. The net primary production of tephra deposition areas fluctuated dramatically (coefficient of variation = 40%) in the seven summers following the eruption. An inverse relationship between net primary production and nutrient concentration of individual species contributed to stability in aboveground nutrient pools from year to year. The dominant community members responded similarly to differences among years in summer precipitation, with little evidence of compensatory growth that would help stabilize community production. Tephra greatly inhibited seedling establishment. Species density (number of species per square metre) and...


The current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa—the worst since Ebola virus was identified in 1976—provides a stark reminder of the human consequences of EVD. There are great challenges, ethical dilemmas and uncertainty in providing safe obstetric interventions to Ebola virus-infected women in a humanitarian emergency setting. Although applying the precautionary principle is eminently sensible, especially when protecting healthcare staff, the limited evidence underpinning discussions regarding management of pregnant women with EVD should be acknowledged, with very few studies to date reporting on maternal and fetal outcomes. Much of our understanding of EVD comes from previous outbreaks in resource-limited settings in Africa, a very different healthcare context to the UK. Women in these settings are at high-risk for exposure to Ebola virus (because of their predominant caregiver role, both in domestic and healthcare settings), rather than women being more susceptible to Ebola virus. Ebola virus is transmitted from person to person through close and direct physical contact with body fluids from a symptomatic individual. In the early symptomatic phase, the virus is present in blood but thought to be at very low levels in other body fluids. Infectiousness increases with illness severity, and, in the late phase, all body fluids should be considered infectious, with blood, faeces and vomit being most infectious. Skin is almost certainly highly contaminated in late-stage disease, as maintaining good hygiene with diarrhoea, vomiting, incontinence and bleeding is near impossible (Public Health England; Ebola in pregnancy. 2014, https:// www.gov.uk/government/publications/ information-for-healthcare-workersebola-in-pregnancy). Bausch et al. isolated Ebola virus from breast milk in one lactating woman, in both the acute and convalescent phases of illness (after demonstrated viral clearance from blood), suggesting that the mammary glands may be an immunologically protected site with delayed viral clearance (Bausch et al. J Infect Dis 2007;196:S142–7). However, it is unknown if Ebola virus is transmitted routinely from mothers to infants through breastfeeding (Jamieson et al. Obstet Gynecol 2014;124:1005– 10). It is likely that fetal infection occurs through the placenta. In the current outbreak in Guinea, Baggi et al. found a high Ebola virus load in the amniotic fluid of two pregnant women, and in one this was after viral clearance from blood in the convalescent phase. Placental samples in both were also positive for Ebola virus (Baggi et al. Euro Surv 2014;19(49)). In most previous EVD outbreaks, pregnancy-related information was not collected systematically or routinely reported. Data on pregnancy outcomes in the current Ebola outbreak are also relatively scarce, with some reports from Guinea (Baggi et al.; Baize et al. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1418–25), Sierra Leone (Schieffelin et al. N Engl J Med 2014;371: 2092–100) and Liberia (Chertow et al. N Engl J Med 2014;371:2054–7). Only the report by Baggi et al. from Guinea specifically focuses on pregnancy outcomes, describing induced deliveries after intrauterine death in two 7-month gestation Ebola virus-infected pregnant women who were in the convalescent phase of illness; both women survived. In the other reports (Baize et al.; Chertow et al.; Schieffelin et al.), pregnancy-related outcomes are described among other clinical outcomes in Ebola virus-infected patients.


We propose a way to enhance the performance of the GaN-based UV metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors by jointly incorporating a semi-insulating AIInN cap layer with a sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The results show that a dark current as low as 1.49 × 10 -8 A/cm 2 can be achieved via the insertion of highly resistive AIInN cap layers. A UV-to-visible rejection ratio as high as 28,306 with a 5 V applied bias can also be realized with this design. Furthermore, a much reduced noise-equivalent power of 2.85 × 10 -14 W and a rather high normalized detectivity of 2.15 X 10 13 cm Hz 0.5 W -1 are also realized when the ITO electrode is used.


We demonstrate electrical spin injection from a ferromagnet to a bilayer graphene (BLG) through a monolayer (ML) of single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). A Ni81Fe19/ML h-BN/BLG/h-BN structure is fabricated using a micromechanical cleavage and dry transfer technique. The transport properties across the ML h-BN layer exhibit tunnel barrier characteristics. Spin injection into BLG has been detected through non local magnetoresistance measurements.


A job description of Municipal Building Engineer, as a career in the city of Buñol is presented by a description of the work that he developed, with special reference to employment in the same Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is shown, the territorial, organizational and functional context in which it operates, because is relevant in the same conditions and must be taken into account for the assessment of the position. The relationship of work done, grouped by type on a functional approach, with a brief description of each, emphasizing the most relevant aspects of them. The description of the use of GIS is grouped on separate chapter, because it is a cross-cutting issue to many of the works developed in the post, showing their progressive implementation and its prospects for future development. Finally we conclude with a critical judgment that relates skills, which provides academic training in the career, to the position described in the public service in local government, and the use of GIS in it, evaluating both the weaknesses and threats posed as the strengths and opportunities they offer. Trabajo Fin de Grado Rafael José Gil Sánchez Grado en Arquitectura Técnica – ETS de Ingeniería de Edificación – Universitat Politècnica de València TRABAJO DESARROLLADO COMO ARQUITECTO TÉCNICO MUNICIPAL EN UNA PEQUEÑA POBLACIÓN, CON ESPECIAL REFERENCIA AL CRECIENTE EMPLEO DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA EN EL MISMO 3/85


Various techniques can be used for characterizing fuel behaviour after irradiation in power plants. For example the pellet volume swelling is determined by combination of gamma scanning, profilometry and EC oxide thickness measurement. The results show that the pellet swelling follows the well established relation of 0.7% / 10MWd/kgU up to a burnup of around 70 MWd/kgU. At higher burnup the swelling is stronger. The results are supported by optical microscopy. Axial gamma scanning of fuel rods indicates different features of the reactor core i.e. irregularities in the assembly distances.


In 2010 and 2011 a series of articles appeared in British Archaeology describing a crisis surrounding the archaeological investigation of human remains. Behind these articles was a campaign to change the licensing conditions issued by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) for the excavation of human remains. The campaign was covered in local, national and international media and resulted in questions in parliament and letters from select committees addressed to the MoJ. It was chiefly orchestrated by three archaeologists, Mike Parker Pearson, Mike Pitts and Duncan Sayer, but hundreds of others offered their support and time, and many individuals and organisations wrote directly to the minister to explain their dissatisfaction with the situation as it existed. The political, professional and media pressure, alongside the advice of several individuals in a closed meeting organised by the MoJ, resulted in a 'more flexible' interpretation of the licensing conditions from 2011 and a rewriting of the application procedure for permission to excavate.


Background and study aims:Ingested coins are the most common foreign bodies encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract in India and if they remain in the stomach for more than 5 days they need to be removed.Ferromagnetic retrieval instruments only work if the coins are ferromagnetic;and it is difficult to maneuver a loop basket in the fundus of the stomach.A magnetic loop basket was designed in an effort to overcome these difficulties and we assessed its feasibility,safety,and effectiveness in the removal of coins from the fundus of the stomach.Patients and methods:Twenty patients with a history of ingested coins were scheduled for removal of the coins using the magnetic loop basket.The time taken,complications,and failure rates were recorded.Results:Twelve ferromagnetic coins were removed in a mean time of 60 seconds(range 30-90 seconds) and eight non-ferromagnetic coins were removed in a mean time of 150 seconds(range 90-180 seconds) without any failures or complications.Conclusion:The magnetic loop basket is a safe,effective,and quick method for removing both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metallic coins.


1. The drilling system comprising a universal joint, connected to a drill string and comprising a main body portion having a plug main body with an inner surface portion of the drill spindle head having a spindle head plug with the inner surfaces of the drill, and the crossbar linking the main body part part of the drill spindle head and having lateral sides that correspond to inner surfaces of the main body portion of the spindle and drill bit and have a shape that provides a joint transmission in torsional loading through a plurality of side poverhnostey.2. The system of claim 1, wherein the lateral faces comprise four generally flat side grani.3. The system of claim 1, wherein the universal joint comprises an internal channel for the passage of drilling rastvora.4. The system of claim 1, wherein the universal joint comprises four hardened pin which is attached to the fork krestovine.5. The system of claim 1, wherein the wear plate is placed along the inner surface of each vilki.6. A system according to claim 5, wherein each plate comprises a wear-resistant surface for lubrication channels oriented for engagement with a respective lateral face krestoviny.7. The system according to claim 4, in which four pins covered with a wear-resistant hardened pokrytiem.8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the wear-resistant coating contain volframa.9 carbide. The system of claim 1, further comprising a corrugated tube surrounding krestovinu.10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a stabilizing sleeve disposed around the pleated truby.11. drilling system comprising a universal joint, communication


John B Holcomb summarizes recent conceptual and practical advances in trauma care, in both military and civilian settings, and presents directions for future research.


A core sample of the Prang Limestone, collected from the borehole BH-1 drilled southwest of Nongtrai village near Hatmawdon, South Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, yielded five coralline taxa, namely Lithoporellamelobesioides, Spongites sp. 2 Rasser & Piller, 1999, Spongites sp., Melobesioideaegen. et spec. indet . andSporolithon gunteriwith encrusting to warty growth forms. These forms are ecologically important ; however, their use in environmental interpretation appears to be restricted in view of limited material available for this study. The mixed assemblage of the coralline algae indicates shallow inner-ramp environment with moderate water-energy conditions. The presence of Pellatispira indicates the late Eocene age to the studied portion of the core.


Motivated by the booming installations of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, several countries have revised their grid codes in pace with the sustained growth both in quantity and scale. PV systems with the capability of low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) will be a trend in the future. A novel control strategy for single-phase two-stage grid-connected PV systems is introduced in this paper. Dc-link voltage is flexibly controlled with different stage of two-stage systems to minimize voltage variation during grid-fault period. In the aspect of current injected to the grid, constant peak current strategy is adopted to avoid triggering over-current protection. Active and reactive output currents decoupling controlled with second order generalized integrator (SOGI)-based PLL algorithm while the amount of reactive power delivered for grid recovery depends on sag depth of grid voltage. Simulation results on the whole system shows that the proposed strategy is effective with satisfying steady-state and dynamic performance.


. The structures of ouregidione, aristolactam B(11), goniothalenol, goniothalamin and annonacin, chemicals that were isolated from the stem-bark of Goniothalamus velutinus, were established by NMR spectroscopy. The five compounds were evaluated for their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.


OBJECTIVE
To further understand chronic severe hepatitis (CSH) and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment and to explore the methods to reduce the fatality rate of CSH through analysing the factors related to prognosis of CSH.

METHODS
The factors related to prognosis from 520 cases with CSH were analyzed by SPASS and STATA software.

RESULTS
1. The fatality rate in cases with age > or = 40 years was higher than that in cases with age <40 years (P<0.001), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in sex and pathogenic basis of CSH; 2. The fatality rate rose in cases with WBC > or = 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; 3. The fatality rate increased gradually with the ratio of aspartic aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and serum total bilirubin (TBil), appearance of deviation of TBil and ALT, decrease in prothrombin activity (PTA), total cholesterol (TC), cholinesterase and albumin (Alb) (P<0.001). 4. The fatality rate increased with appearance of complications such as ascites, electrolyte disturbance, spontaneous peritonitis and so on (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The important factors related to prognosis were age, > or = 40 years, WBC 10.0 x 10(9) per liter or platelet <100 x 10(9) per liter; the ratio of AST/ALT, TBil, Tc, cholinesterase, Alb and complication, to monitor dynamically laboratory indexes such as TBil, PTA, Tc, cholinesterase and so on and to prevent and cure various complications are important measures to reduce the fatality rate of CSH.


This paper presents novel single-source localization techniques for a sensor network that is capable of obtaining both direction and range estimates by considering an optimization approach. Specifically, linear programming and non-linear programming techniques are developed and compared to a classic linear least squares technique. It is shown that the proposed techniques achieve superior results to the least squares approach in most cases.


An evident flaw in international law is its failure to regulate the conduct of one of the world's most powerful actors: the multinational corporation. Fred has long recognized this fact. In 2004, as the International Law Association's Director of Studies, he ensured that the plenary session of the Association's Berlin Conference was devoted to the theme Corporate Social Responsibility and International Law.1 This was then a far-sighted choice of topic. The following year UN SecretaryGeneral Kofi Annan appointed John Ruggie as his Special Representative on Business and Human Rights. In 2011, the UN Human Rights Council endorsed Ruggie's Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.2 The Guiding Principles remain the principal global framework applicable to corporations. They suggest that corporations have a moral responsibility towards society ("global standard of expected conduct") but not a legal obligation to respect human rights.3 Fifty years after Wolfgang Friedmann first suggested that private corporations should be regarded as subjects of international law4 mainstream textbook writers can therefore legitimately maintain that corporations do not have international legal personality.5 Multinational corporations continue to be regulated merely under the domestic laws of the states in which they operate. The picture is similar when it comes to judicial remedies against abuses committed by multinational corporations. In the absence of international remedies, the only available remedies against corporate abuse are those under domestic law. The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights therefore provide rather lamely that


ABSTRACT The jackal is renowned for its cleverness in predating on livestock. Jackal hunting became an institutionalised practice at a time when most of Namibia's agricultural lands were fenced under the colonial administration. By keeping the socio-ecological history of colonialism in mind, this paper introduces hunting in southern Namibia as a game of territoriality in which the jackal and the hunter always try to outmaneuver each other. Jackal hunting is also analysed as a site for social and racial differentiation, cultural capital and an embodied practice that illustrates the many contradictions embedded in the postcolonial scheme for community development through biodiversity conservation. Together these considerations attempt to introduce rural postcolonial Namibia as a biopolitical landscape in which the logics of power are shown to be manifest in the technologies involved with animal governance and killing, the semiotic currencies of animality and labour, and the agency of the notorious jackal.


The invention relates to an automatic aligning device and a sewing machine with the automatic aligning device. The automatic aligning device automatically aligns the end surfaces of a sewed object before the sewed object is provided to a sewing part arranged on a processing surface of the sewing machine in a first direction, and comprises a sewed object accommodating part and a gas ejecting part, wherein the sewed object accommodating part comprises a support part and a plurality of plate-shaped parts respectively fixed on the support part; the sewed object is placed between adjacent two plate-shaped parts; and the gas ejecting part comprises a main body part provided with a gas flowing path inside, a bracket for supporting the main body part, a gas supply part communicated with the gas flowing path and connected with an external gas supply source, and more than one nozzle parts respectively communicated with the gas flowing path and ejecting gas to the sewed object.


Suppose T is a tree and there exist a pair of distinct non-endvertices x, y in T with the same status. If T is an equal-component-transferred tree of T at x and y, then T and T have the same status sequence.


Geographical Education has been charged with a major responsibility for 'delivering' Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Global Citizenship (GC) in the UK (DfEE & QCA, 1999; Grimwade et al., 2000) and, as this journal demonstrates, geography has an important role internationally (Haubrich, 2000; Houtsonen, 2002; Lidstone & Stoltman, 2002; Stoltman & Lidstone, 2001; van der Schee, 2003). These two interrelated approaches to education are here interpreted as demanding the dual development of environmental and social/intercultural concern which are both, in turn, predicated on non-reductive conceptions of justice, moral relevance and compassionate identification. Neo-Piagetian formulations of developmental and transpersonal psychology suggest that the development of ever-widening horizons of concern may occur across the lifespan as a person passes through increasingly sophisticated or 'higher order' cognitive phases and as such a person achieves an ever-deepening experience of 'being-in-the-world'. The term 'wisdom' is presented as a useful metaheuristic to describe the ideal end point or 'stage' of such a process. Furthermore, the term 'Geographical Wisdom' is presented to describe wisdom as it applies to sustainable development and global citizenship, both inherently geographical concepts.


List of Tables Page 1(A). Breaking and Entering Offences for Total Residences and the Participant and Non-Participant Cohorts (March 1973 August 1976). 100 1(F). Continued from Table l(A). 101 2. Breaking and Entering Offences for Total Premises, Residences and Businesses (March 1973 August 1976). 109 3. Type of Items Taken during Residential Break and Entries (1970 1976). 115 List of Figures Page Nepean Township Police Patrol Zones. 74Breaking and Entering Rates for Total Residences Before and After 0-I's Implementation (March 1973 August 1976) and Expected Rates for After Period. 102 Breaking and Entering Rates for Unprotected Dwellings Before and After 0-I's Implementation (March 19?3 August 1976) and Expected Rates for After Period. 106 Breaking and Entering JSates for Total Premises (Residences and Businesses) Before and After 0-I's Implementation (March 1973 August 1976) and Expected Rates for After Period. n o Breaking and Entering Rates for Non-Residential Premises Before and After 0-I's Implementation (March 1973 August 1976) and Expected Rates for After Period. Ill


The blends prepared by incorporation of carbon black (CB) or graphite powder (GP) inHto high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix have been novel and extensively applied polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites. A phenomenological model was proposed on the basis of the GEM equation and the dilution effect of filler volume fraction due to the thermal volume expansion of the polymer matrix. Accordingly, the contribution of the thermal expansion of the matrix to the jump-like PTC transition of the composites was quantitatively estimated and a mechanical explanation was given. It was proved that the contribution of the volume expansion to PTC effect decreased for HDPE/CB composites crosslinked through electron-beam irradiation. Furthermore, the influences of the filler content, temperature and crosslinking on the self-heating behavior as well as the nonlinear conduction characteristics at electrical-thermal equilibrium state were examined. Based on the electric-field and initial resistivity dependence of the self-heating temperature and resistance dependence of the critical field, the mechanisms of the self-heating of the polymeric PTC materials were evaluated. The intrinsic relations between macroscopic electrical properties and microscopic percolation network at electrical-thermal equilibrium state were discussed according to the scaling relationship between the self-heating critical parameter and the conductivity of materials.


The regeneration of Trafalgar Square was presented as a process of transforming a chaotic roundabout into a world-class square fit for a world-class city. This worldclassness revolved around enabling the square as a cultural space by altering the very materiality of the place: several human and nonhuman objects were added in order to encourage those cultural practices through which a world-class city-ness is performed. The proposal implied some exclusions too. Turning the square into a cultural place implied redefining the presence of nature within it. To be cultural the square had to be pigeon-free and achieving that goal, in turn, required some material objects being removed and some practices being proscribed. This paper examines the contested accounts of civility at play in this material remaking of Trafalgar Square and advances the wider theoretical claim that this dynamic interplay of placement and displacement of ontologically symmetrical humans and nonhumans is not blind to political imbalances. The paper suggests potential dialogues between relational, more-than-human and urban geographies and emerging political theories of the nonhuman, while contributing to a conceptualization of power in relational thinking.


CONCURRENCE OF DECREASES IN BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AND SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN TERM GRAVID WOMEN BY LINDA M. OWEN A retrospective design was used to examine the relationship between spontaneous rupture of membranes in term gestation gravid women and decreased barometric pressure of ten millibars or greater in the twenty-four hours proceeding the rupture of membranes. Delivery logbooks and charts of all women who were admitted to a Midwestern Hospital in 1997-1998 with spontaneous rupture of membranes (N-533) were examined and data from the Midwest Climate Center was utilized to determine the changes in barometric pressure within the twenty-four hours proceeding the documented rupture of membranes. No correlation was elucidated between the timing of spontaneous rupture of the amniotic membranes and atmospheric pressure changes. If such a cause and effect relationship exists, it remains to be determined.


Describes the activities and programs offered by the Mackenzie Art Gallery for the year 96/97. Also contains financial statements and list of donors.


This dataset corresponds to a research on network organisation of brain structural connectivity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its putative association with lesion distribution and disease indicators. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentation and connectomics were performed in 47 patients with SLE from structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Network nodes were divided into hierarchical tiers based on numbers of connections. From each tier, and globally, brain network metrics were extracted for each patient. Voxel-based analyses of the spatial distribution of WMH in relation to disease indicators and network measures were also conducted. The data comprise all lesion distribution maps from the sample, the raw results (in nifti-1 format) of the voxel-based analyses of the WMH distribution in relation to disease indicators and network parameters, the MATLAB code to process the data, and the excel spreadsheets with the brain network metrics.


In order to improve the ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle and realize the recovery of vibration energy, an electromagnetic linear hybrid suspension actuator composed of linear motor and solenoid valve shock absorber is proposed. At the same time, a fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy is designed to solve the system instability caused by the fault of electromagnetic hybrid active suspension. The 1/4 vehicle two-degree-of freedom suspension model, the linear motor mathematical model, and the solenoid valve shock absorber test model are established. In this paper, the fuzzy sliding mode controller is used as the controller and the unknown input observer is used to estimate the state of the suspension. According to the residual obtained from the unknown input observer and compared with the residual threshold, the suspension fault is determined. In the case of fault, the fuzzy sliding mode controller is used to compensate the force and realize the suspension fault-tolerant control. The performance of the suspension is simulated on random road and bumped road, respectively. The simulation results show that the fault-tolerant control effect of the three performance indexes of the suspension is good, and the ride comfort and safety of the suspension are improved. Finally, the bench test is carried out, and the test results show that in the fault-tolerant control state, the root mean square value of the sprung mass acceleration is reduced by 31.69% compared with the fault state and the dynamic performance of the suspension is improved.


This paper introduced the main characters of VI-200 family DC/DC power variable modules, the functions of their legs and their application circuits, and described the computation methods of corresponding outside-linking resistors for adjusing output voltage.


We give a review of the systematic construction of hierarchies of soliton flows and integrable elliptic equations associated to a complex semi-simple Lie algebra and finite order automorphisms. For example, the non-linear Schr\"odinger equation, the n-wave equation, and the sigma-model are soliton flows; and the equation for harmonic maps from the plane to a compact Lie group, for primitive maps from the plane to a $k$-symmetric space, and constant mean curvature surfaces and isothermic surfaces in space forms are integrable elliptic systems. We also give a survey of
(i) construction of solutions using loop group factorizations,
(ii) PDEs in differential geometry that are soliton equations or elliptic integrable systems,
(iii) similarities and differences of soliton equations and integrable elliptic systems.


The university enrolling system has witnessed constant development in China in recent years,yet the self-determined student-recruitment in the universities in Chinese mainland still depend on national unified examination,which has its own limitations. The autonomous enrollment is gradually becoming a heated social issue,accompanied with an increasing number of relevant social problems,arousing a great concern from the society.Based on the autonomous enrolling system of colleges and universities in Chinese mainland,this paper analyzes relevant cases of autonomous enrollment in the colleges and universities in foreign countries,with an attempt to explore the tendency of the reforms on autonomous enrollment from enrollment content and form,selection among the subjects,examinee's profits,the reliability of enrolling system and the supervising agencies.


The idea of particle swarm optimization falls under the domain of swarm intelligence. Particle swarm optimization technique is widely used for finding the global minima of well-known benchmark functions. The main idea behind this technique is that working in a group improves the performance of a system. A modified particle swarm optimization technique is proposed in this paper and tested on seven standard benchmark functions. The two major modifications are introduced in the standard particle swarm optimization, modify the velocity of a particle such that the particle remains within the confine limits of clamp velocity, and penalize the particle velocity, if the sum of the velocity vector and position vector results in breaching the boundary limits of search space. The results of the modified PSO are compared with the two versions of standard PSO, constant inertial weight with no velocity clamping and linearly decreasing inertial weight with no velocity clamping.


The effect of annealing at low temperatures for long time and at high temperatures for short time on the formability and bonding strength of Cu/Al/Cu rolling clad sheet has been studied and the reason that the annealing strengthening did not appear in this process has also been discussed.The results show that the annealing process cannot increase the bonding strength of the clad sheet,but it can improve the formability.In order to satisfy the formability(bending property),Cu/Al/Cu rolling clad sheet should be annealed at a high temperature for a short time.The optimum comprehensive properties were achieved when the sheet was annealed at 580~625 ℃ for less than 10 min.


Abstract : The interactions of vibrationally excited HCI(v =2) with MgO(100) surfaces have been examined in detail, with scattered HCI(v =2) detected state selectively by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Simulations using a random walk model and 'best estimates' for activation energies for desorption and hopping suggest that deactivation probably occurs at steps. In parallel, a new apparatus has been designed and built for a next generation of studies of molecular interactions on insulating oxide surfaces. Specifically, FTIR will be used to determine geometries and adsorption, and TPD, REMPI and other laser-based spectroscopies will be used to interrogate interactions of molecules and radicals with the surface and with other adsorbates.


Cognitive Radar Networks were proposed by Simon Haykin in 2006 to address problems with large legacy radar implementations - primarily, single-point vulnerabilities and lack of adaptability. This work proposes to leverage the adaptability of cognitive radar networks to trade between active radar observation, which uses high power and risks interception, and passive signal parameter estimation, which uses target emissions to gain side information and lower the power necessary to accurately track multiple targets. The goal of the network is to learn over many target tracks both the characteristics of the targets as well as the optimal action choices for each type of target. In order to select between the available actions, we utilize a multi-armed bandit model, using current class information as prior information. When the active radar action is selected, the node estimates the physical behavior of targets through the radar emissions. When the passive action is selected, the node estimates the radio behavior of targets through passive sensing. Over many target tracks, the network collects the observed behavior of targets and forms clusters of similarly-behaved targets. In this way, the network meta-learns the target class distributions while learning the optimal mode selections for each target class.


This study focuses on the factors influencing lead time in supplies procurement management in an organization; a case of Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in Ngorongoro District. The research was conducted in three categories within NCAA. The main objective of the study was to assess factors influencing lead time in supplies procurement management in an organization. Specifically, the study intended to: determine factors influencing lead time in supplies procurement management in an organisation; examine whether lead time in supplies procurement management procedures and policies are efficiently and effectively followed; and identify the challenges facing lead time in supplies procurement management.

The research methodology was designed to collect data from 108 respondents where by different research tools were used including questionnaires, interview, participatory observation, focus group discussion and documentary. The collected data from the study was statistically analyzed using SPSS software 16.0 versions.
The findings reveal that lead time in supplies procurement management in an organization is a vital aspect for better performance of any organization if well addressed. Furthermore, the findings reveal that reduced lead time also brings reduction of costs, realization of profit, effective and efficient operation within an organization and customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended that lead time should be well applied in order to avoid delay of supplies during its procurement management as well as reduce unnecessary costs to an organization.


The article mainly introduces developing tactics of nanosized materials, nanotechnology, reaserch present status of nanomaterials in China, as well as application trend of nanosized materials in some aspects.


Abstract Some recent studies on reflexive constructions have claimed that the socalled weak reflexive always blocks the appearance of the external argument. According to this analysis, the subject of the reflexive predicates corresponds to the internal argument. I argue against this view and show that the subject of reflexive sentences in German corresponds to either the external or internal argument, as Reinhart and Siloni (Linguistic Inquiry 36: 389–436, 2005) claim. However, as opposed to them, I argue that the reflexive with grooming verbs in German bears a thematic role, just as the reflexive with transitive verbs. Consequently reflexive verbs in German are classified into the following three types with respect to argument structure: (i) verbs that have both an external argument and an internal argument; (ii) verbs that have an external argument only; (iii) verbs that have an internal argument only. It is also shown that this classification captures the distribution of reflexives both in English and Dutch.


We give an explicit construction of the simply-connected compact real form of the Lie group of type E7, as a group of 28 × 28 matrices over quaternions, acting on a 28-dimensional left quaternion vector space. This leads to a description of the simply-connected split real form, acting on a 56dimensional real vector space, and thence to the finite quasi-simple groups of type E7. The sign problems usually associated with constructing exceptional Lie groups are almost entirely absent from this approach.


Recently, the author proposed an alternative vector theory of gravity. To the best of our knowledge, vector gravity also passes available tests of gravity, and, in addition, predicts the correct value of the cosmological constant without free parameters. It is important to find a new feasible test which can distinguish between vector gravity and general relativity and determine whether gravity has a vector or a tensor origin. Here we propose such an experiment based on measurement of propagation direction of gravitational waves relative to the perpendicular arms of a laser interferometer. We show that transverse gravitational wave in vector gravity produces no signal when it propagates in the direction perpendicular to the interferometer plane or along one of the arms. In contrast, general relativistic wave yields no signal when it propagates parallel to the interferometer plane at $45^{\circ }$ angle relative to an interferometer arm. The test can be performed in the nearest years in a joint run of the two LIGO and one Virgo interferometers.


This lower-division, lecture course provides an overview of global development from roughly 30,000 BCE to 1500 CE. It introduces students to the main political, social, and cultural trends in a variety of societies while at the same time stressing the global perspective. Considerable emphasis is paid to comparative history and the study of cross-cultural encounters. "The Premodern World" aims to teach historical thinking as well as historical content, impart a basic grasp of the premodern past, and stimulate the development of largescale frameworks for historical analysis. Although this course has no prerequisites and assumes no prior knowledge of the subject, students are presumed to be capable of critical reflection upon both lectures and readings.


The Rhodium Citrate (RC) is a metal complex that exhibits significant cytotoxic, cytostatic and antitumor activity in human mammary carcinoma cells. In previous studies leaded by Carneiro (2011), it was observed that RC induced the actin filaments reduction in human mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7 cell line). Actin is a eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein which performs important roles in cell dynamics such as morphology, mitosis, regulation of survival signaling, and the increased of cell sensitivity due to apoptosis induction when aggregated because of its depolymerization. To better understand the RC activity on actin dynamic, the current study evaluated in pilot-assay the gene expression of γ-actin in healthy cells and in human mammary adenocarcinoma cells by RT-qPCR in in vitro pattern. The treatment with RC caused a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on cell viability and morphology, and a reduction tendency of relative expression of γ-actin. The results were extremely important to understand the likely correlation between the RC cytotoxic effect and its activity on the actin filaments. In addition, this study will allow new investigations and approaches related to the regulation of actin depolymerization mediated by other cytosolic proteins and by microRNAs. Key-words: rhodium citrate, actin, breast cancer, gene expression, cytotoxicity


Abstract
Boundary setting is identified as an important and highly useful factor, both in management practice and in dealing with phenomena in management research. It has significant implications for how circumstances and phenomena will be analysed and interpreted. Change – moving or change in nature – is a key factor in all attempts to strategise and economise. The authors argue that boundary setting is critical in analysing and interpreting business problems, both in the practice of management and in business research. The nature and function of boundaries vary. It can be exemplified with two archetypes of organisation – the integrated hierarchy and the connected company. In the first, the basic principle for boundary setting is buffering to protect the company from external variations. In the second type, it is bridging – connecting the company with specific changing factors. One important consequence is that when analysing and handling boundaries, both location and permeability become the central aspects to consider.


Borrower-based macroprudential policies, such as limits to loan-to-value and loan-to-income ratios, have grown in popularity in the last decade globally. An understanding of their effects, both intended and unintended, is continuously evolving. In this Note , we discuss the macroeconomic channels though which such measures, like all economic policies, can both benefit and impose costs on the economy. System-wide benefits of such measures arise predominantly through the taming of housing-credit cycles, which lower both the probability and the severity of financial recessions, as well as avoiding resource misallocation. Such crises have been shown to have particularly harmful effects, are followed by slow recoveries and can have persistent adverse macroeconomic effects. The macroeconomic costs of such measures operate through liquidity constraints on renters, and reductions in consumption and construction activity that may arise through dampened house prices and expectations. These macroeconomic costs are more likely to be short-term, and less likely to affect the productive capacity of the economy in the long-run. ,


Photojournalism is currently undergoing the largest set of changes to its productive chain since its incorporation to digital and network processes. These changes affect the means of production, edition and circulation of content and create new challenges and purposes for the activity. In this study, we have found that going beyond ontological issues, aspects related to economics and funding of photojournalism are also changing. As a method of analysis, we compare the possibilities on this framework to the traditional model used by newspapers and magazines, at a time we can call pre-convergent photojournalism. Additionally, we aim to point out the main alternatives to these trends.


We discuss recent low-temperature measurements on single-crystalline samples of the heavy fermion compounds YbRh2(Si1−xGex)2 (TK = 30 K) with x = 0 and 0.05 (nominal). Both show weak antiferromagnetic (AF) order at TN = 70 and 20 mK respectively. At the field-induced quantum critical point (QCP) that occurs at B = Bc ≈ 0.06 T (B ⊥ c) for the pure compound, non-Fermi-liquid properties are observed down to the lowest accessible temperatures (≈10 mK). These are caused by quantum critical AF fluctuations predominating over the competing ferromagnetic ones. At B = 0 and for TN < T < 0.3 K, both compounds show a magnetic susceptibility which follows a Curie–Weiss law with a surprisingly large effective moment of 1.4 μB, and a Sommerfeld coefficient of the electronic specific heat which deviates towards large values from the theoretically expected (− log T) dependence observed above T = 0.3 K. This observation is in striking contrast to the linear T dependence of the electrical resistivity found down to T ≈ 10 mK. It suggests a break up of the heavy fermion in the approach to the B = 0 QCP that occurs at a slightly larger Ge concentration.


The methodological reflections of Poincare on the mechanical modeling of phenomena, physical theories, the hierarchy of laws and the evolution of their status and system are illuminated by a Kantian reading that displays the constitutive function of mathematics and the regulative function of principles of convenience and of the principles of physics, these corresponding to an important step in the evolution of physical theories.


The peeling failure of the concrete cover of RC beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is analyized. An approximate method to estimate the upper limit of midspan peeling stress of RC strengthened beams is proposed.


One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability of cells to spread from a tumor of origin to other areas. Metastasis occurs through a coordinated series of events. The Na+‐H+ exchanger (NHE) plays a role in pH regulation and cytoskeletal attachment to the plasma membrane. In this study, we investigated the role of stress fiber formation in cellular migration and tumor formation. To do this, we screened cellular responses to, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and phenylephrine (PE) in the presence of absence of the NHE inhibitor, ethyl‐isoproplyamiloride (EIPA) to examine stress fiber formation, cellular proliferation, and tumor formation in three human non‐small lung cancer cell lines. Stimulation with LPA and PE lead to no significant increase in cellular proliferation but lead to an increase in stress by formation in the H460, H358, and H1299 cell lines. Inhibition of NHE by EIPA decreased proliferation by 30‐50% in all cell lines and returned stress fibers formation to basal levels. Using a soft agar assay to examine migration and tumor growth, LPA increased the total number of small tumor formed in H358 and H460 cells. In H358 both PE and LPA increased large tumor formations. These studies indicate that NHE plays a vital role in stress fiber formation and cellular migration and that NHE transport activity is necessary to both functions. Supported by NIH Grant 1R15CA135616‐01 and NSF Grant MCB‐0817784


has a chase on horseback that employs repetitive limited animation. Realism obviously held sway here, but Du shows there is room for allegorizing animals even if they didn't talk. Du's book is a tour-de-force of animation studies. Her meticulously researched transnational emphasis is welcome for an animation industry that could be, at times, parochial and inward turning. But I wonder what role did the city of Shanghai play in the studio's success? Did this post-colonial space benefit from its previous position as a nexus of cultural production? The jury may be out that "[t]he totalitarian state unexpectedly brought about the golden age of Chinese animation" (7). Perhaps the decline of the SAFS should be mapped on a trajectory of animation production beginning with its inception in 1957 and its apex in the early 1960s. Daisy Du's book is a richly detailed and theoretically nuanced addition to the growing research on Chinese and transnational animation. Animated Encounters evidences the way Chinese animation was, from its early beginnings, intersecting with world animations.


The incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure in adult patients and a large number of complications of two-stage liver resections require a search for criteria that allow highly accurate assessment of the risk of liver failure. For this purpose, the study of the future liver remnant volume and function have been widely introduced among adult patients, and the future liver remnant function measurement reflects the greater sensitivity. The absence of references to posthepatectomy liver failure, as well as the experience of determining the functional reserve of the future liver remnant in children, let us to suggest the possibility of a wider using one-stage liver resections when the future liver remnant volume is below the generally accepted threshold (25% of the healthy liver parenchyma volume) in the case of the functional reserve sufficient value. This clinical case describes the successful extended right hemihepatectomy and segmentectomy 1 in a 3-year patient with a future liver remnant volume of 16.5% without clinical signs of postresection hepatic failure, which confirms the thesis of the need to assess the functional liver reserve in pediatric oncology to reduce the frequency of two-stage resections and liver transplants. The patient's parents gave consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.


The functionality and structure of proteins can be modified with physical, chemical and enzymatic procedures. Enzymatic modification has been recommended as a useful technique owing to high specificity of enzymatic reactions and therefore a little risk of formation of toxic products. In the present study, the effect of addition of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at the levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03% and milk solid non-fat (MSNF) at the levels of 8 and 9% on physicochemical properties of set yoghurt during 21 days of storage was investigated. The yoghurt sample without enzymatic treatment was considered as the control. Results showed that all physicochemical parameters of the yoghurt samples were affected by the MTGase enzyme, MSNF content and storage time and the differences between the samples were statistically significant (p<0.05). While the addition of MTGase showed minor effect on the pH of yoghurt, it significantly decreased the acidity in the enzyme-treated yoghurts. The MTGase-treated samples had significantly lower syneresis and higher viscosity values than the untreated yoghurt/control. Results also revealed that as MSNF content of yoghurts was increased from 8 to 9%, the acidity and viscosity was increased and pH and syneresis was decreased noticeably. The highest syneresis was recorded for control as 6.02 g/100 and the lowest for yoghurts treated with 0.03% MTGase as 3.85 g/100. The highest viscosity was recorded for yoghurts treated with 0.03% MTGase as 20.96 Pa.s., and the lowest value for control as 15.37 Pa.s. The extent of syneresis in yoghurt samples was increased markedly during storage period and the initial mean value of 3.84 g/100 at the first day of storage reached to 5.75 g/100 at the end of storage. The mean value of viscosity at the first day of storage was recorded as 17.49 Pa.s. which reached to 19.98 Pa.s. after 21 days of storage.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of the protection veins ointment on preventing chemotherapy phlebitis.Methods:85 cases were randomly divided into observation group 45 cases and control group of 40 patients.Two groups of age,gender,tumor stage,disease duration,number of previous chemotherapy was no significant difference,according to the disease are the same chemotherapy regimen.Observed before and after administration of chemotherapy to "protection veins ointment" outside the rub prevention,control group with 50% magnesium sulfate topical.Evaluated the phlebitis occurrence after end of chemotherapy.Results:Observation group of 45 patients,25 patients(55.56%) did not occur phlebitis,one level phlebitis 18 cases(40.00%),and two level phlebitis 2 cases(4.44%),no three level phlebitis.Control group of 40 cases,9 cases(22.50%) did not occur phlebitis,one level phlebitis 15 cases(37.50%),two level phlebitis 12 cases(30.00%),and three level phlebitis 4 cases(10.00%).The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion:"Protection veins ointment" can significantly reduce the incidence of chemotherapy phlebitis.


A truncated peptide was shown to retain the structure of the TLR4-binding hot-spot region of MD2, disrupting with the TLR4/MD2 interactions. The peptide not only demonstrated strong binding affinity in the fluorescence polarization assay, but also showed high specificity in macrophage cells. Furthermore, MD2-I was able to suppress neuropathic pain in animal models.


The birth of the post-modernistic in 1960' promotes the transform of different branches of knowledge,so does the Curriculum theory,which comes into being postmodern curriculum.Doll,the famous American curriculum theory expert,gives the frame of postmodern curriculum with the basis of the analysis of modern normal form.The postmodern curriculum has five characteristics,which are anti-authority and de-center,multi-center and otherness,cooperation and communication,self-awareness and creativeness,emphasis on equality.All of these characteristics give some new idea for the Curriculum practice in our country.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of knee pathologies were compared to arthroscopic findings. Prior to arthroscopic examination, magnetic resonance images were obtained in a series of 34 patients. The accuracy, specifity and sensitivity of MRI in the evaluation of medial meniscus, lateral meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament lesions were determined. MRI offers a high percentage of accurate diagnoses in lesions of these structures. There fore, it was concluded that MRI was an excellent substitute for diagnostic arthroscopy.


In this paper we present a mathematical model for optimal human resources daily allocation in a transhipment container terminal. The aim is to support planners in finding the minimum cost choice fulfilling different customers' needs and priorities. Problem formulation is mainly based and validated on the direct observation of the real complex decision processes at Cagliari International Container Terminal. The testing phase is performed by an open source code: GLPK (Gnu Linear Programming Kit) up to a problem size of 12.144 variables and 1032 constraints in less then 2 seconds.


PurposeHong Kong, like many other developed cities and countries, invests heavily in transport development. This study investigates whether the speculative benefits of future improvements in accessibility, brought about by impending transport development, will be capitalized into nearby residential property values even prior to the opening of the development.Design/methodology/approachDeviating from the standard hedonic price approach, the present study employed a fixed-effects model with a large data set of residential property transactions in the vicinity of three-stations situated along a newly proposed mass-transit-railway line in Hong Kong.FindingsThe results suggest that the values of residential properties close to stations do reflect the accessibility enhancements to be brought about by transport improvements even before the opening of the line. Results revealed a 6.5% of property value premium after the announcement of construction; and higher up to 6.7% after the operation of the line. This indicates that forthcoming new transport-infrastructure development produces changes in spatial price-gradients for neighbouring residential properties. Findings indicate that potential buyers/investors recognized the positive benefits of the planned transportation development, even before completion of the project, and are ready to pay a premium for those properties close to railway stations, representing clear evidence that residential property prices/values, near stations, reflect anticipated accessibility enhancements brought about by transport improvements.Originality/valueThis study, using a novel approach – a fixed-effects model to capture the speculative benefits of future improvements in transport infrastructure – provides a positive hypothesis that expected benefits of future improvements in accessibility are capitalized into property values.


This paper's subject is to explore the peoples' geographical conception to Frontier Fortress in Tang Dynasty according to the Frontier Poems and the other historical documents.It consists of three aspects:firstly,the peoples' geographical conception to Frontier Fortress which meaning the feeling and understanding to the Frontier,is not only a geographical boundary but also a cultural difference logo between the farming folks and nomadic ethnic,and its geographical boundary are not exact.Secondly,the peoples' geographical conception to Frontier Fortress was limited by peoples' impression to the Frontier landscapes.Thirdly,the peoples' geographical conception to Frontier Fortress was the result of peoples' belongingness to the Central and fear to the Frontier Fortress.


Abstract Water is an essential commodity which affects life and livelihoods in the universe. This study examined perceived effect of water scarcity on livelihoods in Iwoye-Ketu, Ogun State. Random sampling was used to select 80 rural households and water samples for the study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive, inferential and laboratory analyses. Findings showed that the mean age of respondents was 38 years with an average household size of four persons. The major sources of water were boreholes (97.5%) and rainwater (90.0%), the average trekking time to the water source was 24 minutes and the households requires an average of 162 litres of water per day. Water analysis' result showed that the water has pH (6.87), total dissolved solids (0.175 mg∙dm−3), temperature (29.9°C) and turbidity (0.6 FTU). The major causes of water scarcity include insufficient rainfall (97.5%), increased sunlight intensity (97.5%), pollution of water sources (95.0%) and increased population (93.8%). About 60% of them perceived water scarcity to have a negative effect on their livelihoods. Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between usage of water (r = 0.370, p < 0.01) and perceived effect of water scarcity. It was concluded that water available for household use is not sufficient, although it is safe but contain some elements which are not of World Health Organization standard for good potable water. It is recommended that the community should build a hub for water collection and distribution close to the village centre and the government should provide water infrastructures to increase the supply of potable water.


Electro-active polymer (EAP) such as Polypyrrole has gained much attention in the category of functional materials for fabrication of both active actuator and sensor. Particularly, PPy actuator has shown potential in fluid medium application because of high strain, large bending displacement and work density. This paper focuses on developing a low cost active actuator promising in delivering high performance in underwater environment. The proposed Au-pyrrole actuator is synthesized by adopting the layer-by-layer electrochemical polymerization technique and is fabricated as strip actuator from aqueous solution of Pyrrole and NaDBS in room temperature. In the follow-up, topographical analysis has been carried out using SEM and FESEM instruments showing surface morphology and surface integrity of chemical components of the structure. Several experiments have been conducted under DC input voltage evaluating performance effectiveness such as underwater bending displacement and tip force etc. This is observed that the actuator exhibits quite similar stress profile as of natural muscle, endowed with high modulus makes them effective in working nearly 10,000 cycles underwater environment. In addition, the bending displacement up to 5.4 mm with a low input voltage 1.3 V makes the actuator suitable for underwater micro-robotics applications.


The new species Myrcia psammophila is here described, illustrated and compared with M. grandis and M. umbraticola, two morphologically similar taxa. It may be distinguished from these two latter species based on possession of leaves with corky petiole and raised midvein adaxially, and distinctly pedicellate flowers with squared staminal ring and sepals united at the base. This species is endemic to a region of lower Rio Negro and inhabits areas of white-sand vegetation.


In recent years, the development of suitable technologies for the remediation of environmental contaminations has attracted considerable attention. Among these, electrochemical approaches have gained prominence thanks to the many possible applications and their proven effectiveness. This is particularly evident in the case of inorganic/ionic contaminants, which are not subject to natural attenuation (biological degradation) and are difficult to treat adequately with conventional methods. The purpose of this contribution is to present a critical overview of electrokinetic remediation with particular attention on the sustainability of the various applications. The basis of technology will be briefly mentioned, together with the phenomena that occur in the soil and how that will allow its effectiveness. The main critical issues related to this approach will then be presented, highlighting the problems in terms of sustainability, and discussing some possible solutions to reduce the environmental impact and increase the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this promising technology.


Formulation of the problem. The article is devoted to the serenade genre, popular in the 17th–18th centuries, which is an example, on the one hand, of a composition that was written «on demand», for the occasion, and, on the other hand, it is an intermediate genre between a cantata and a small opera. In terms of genre and specifics of performance, an analysis of one of the examples of the genre of baroque serenade is offered – that is of Antonio Vivaldi's «Gloria e Imeneo» RV687. Analysis of recent research and publications. The article includes studies of the solo cantata genre (G. Omelchenko Aghai-Kuhi), the development of the serenade genre in Venice of the 18th century (Tabolt), Rome (Tcharos), at the court of the Austrian Habsburgs (Tabulina); the problems of baroque art, opera and creative work of A. Vivaldi (Durante, Martelotti), the principles of baroque figurative singing (Machinni; Tosi). Kintzel's article and A. Borin's preface and annotations to the score (Ricordi edition) are directly devoted to A. Vivaldi's serenades. The purpose of the article is to formulate the basic principles of the baroque serenade genre and to define typical and individual features on the example of «Gloria e Imeneo» by A. Vivaldi. The scientific novelty is connected with an attempt to trace the development of the serenade genre of the Baroque era in Italy (Rome and Venice) and the formulation of the genre-stylistic and performing parameters of the serenade in the creative work of A. Vivaldi using the example of «Gloria e Imeneo». The research methodology combines genre-intonation and performing types of analysis. The results of the study contain a detailed analysis of the relationship between the text-instrumental accompaniment and the vocal part, which allows us to identify the individual features of A. Vivaldi's style, which were used by him in operas. The duality of the genre features of the serenade is emphasized: from the opera, it can have a simple plot, images of the heroes of the compositions, from the cantata – a small instrumental composition and the basic «static» of the characters (while the opera is characterized by dynamics according to the plot action). The main genre principles are formulated in the conclusions, including: a small orchestra composition, a small number of performers, alternation of arias (according to the principle of contrast), recitatives and duets. It is indicated that the main form in which arias are written is da capo, within which A. Vivaldi demonstrates the sophistication of the melody, emotionality, character, which gives the genre the desired individualization. From the point of view of performance (the analysis was carried out on the example of Gloria's part), virtuosic technique, the presence of various types of melismas, the need to master the breathing technique (necessary for performing long phrases), the ability to use the necessary timbre of the voice (vocal plasticity) have been singled out. From a communicative point of view, the attractiveness of serenades for today's listeners is marked by the fact that they are a fairly mobile genre and excite with vocal technique on a par with baroque opera, although they do not require large resources for staging.


The present research is based on the conceptualization of resurgence as reappearance of behavior that occurred earlier in the individual's history but not recently, without restoration of the conditions under which the earlier behavior occurred. In a series of five experiments, human participants typed nonword sequences of letters on a computer keyboard. Each sequence was initiated with the spacebar and ended with the enter key, and was treated as a "revealed operant." Each operant was composed of criterial (mandated) and noncriterial (discretionary) keystrokes. Participants learned several unique operants, each defined by a different set of criterial keystrokes. The objective was to study the effect of varying the number of repetitions required for each operant during the learning sessions on the relative frequency with which those operants were performed during a test session. The operants that had previously been performed most frequently were chosen for performance most often. Noncriterial resurgence was measured by "antiquity"—how far back one has to go in the participant's prior history to find previous instances of that same noncriterial keystroke sequence. Criterial and noncriterial components of the operants were affected by the independent variable in different ways.


Summary

An old lady of 82 years presented with bilateral central scotomas. Digoxin was assayed at a toxic level in the serum. On withdrawal of the drug the scotomas improved. Diagnosis and management are discussed.