If she touches you when she talks, laying her hand lightly on your forearm, do not assume she is the one. For some women, this touching is learned. It is no more than tactile punctuation delightful in itself, so feel free to enjoy it but not the sign you crave. For others it is much worse. They think of it as interpersonal contact, designed to add positive reinforcement. Be wary. It means she wants something you would not otherwise give. Appraise the curve of her fingers on your arm; some raptors wear exquisite plumage. But if she leans into you when she laughs, her shoulder touching your shoulder, this is natural a birch leaning toward the sun the free expression of her heart. Slip your arm around her waist.


A change of discharge current is observed in CO2 plasma by irradiation with a Q-switched CO2 laser. It is elucidated that the increase of the discharge current just after the incidence of laser pulse is a correlated effect with an amplification mechanism of the laser pulse power. Evidence is also presented to support an interpretation that the rise and decay times of the current change produced by the laser pulse are effective measures of the relaxation times of the vibrational levels (10°0) and (00°1) of CO2 molecules in plasma. The effect of foreign gases is also examined.


In the literature on optimal taxation, a "tag" is a government-observable taxpayer attribute that is effectively immutable – like blindness, race, gender, or even height. Conventional optimal tax theory prescribes that tags should be included in the tax base so long as they are in some way correlated with "ability" or "endowment" (more precisely, with "social welfare weight": the marginal social welfare of transferring resources to the taxpayer). Such correlation is a weak requirement. And it has recently been pointed out that the list of seemingly absurd taxes and subsidies that are thereby deemed optimal poses a challenge to the basic framework of optimal tax theory in the form of a reductio ad absurdum. This paper attempts to draw a principled distinction between two ideal types of tags – those that are directly welfare-relevant and those that are welfare-relevant only when and if they are taxed or subsidized, and only through such taxation or subsidy. A stark distinction arises between these types when the optimal tax model is extended to include the realism-enhancing feature that the government is uncertain regarding the association in the population of taxpayers between the incidence of the tag and social welfare weight. It is shown that such uncertainty generally decreases the impetus for taxation or subsidy when the attribute is non-welfare relevant, but not when it is directly welfare-relevant.


Oxidative addition reaction of propargyl halides, XCH2C≡CH (X = Cl, Br), with the platinum(II) complex [PtMe2(bipy)] (1), in which bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, gave a mixture of the propargyl halide complex [PtXMe2(CH2C≡CH)(bipy)], (X = Cl, trans isomer 2a and cis isomer 2a′; X = Br, trans isomer 2b and cis isomer 2b′) and the allene complex [PtXMe2(CH═C═CH2)(bipy)], (X = Cl, trans isomer 3a and cis isomer 3a′; X = Br, trans isomer 3b and cis isomer 3b′). The reaction involving propargyl bromide followed second-order kinetics (first order in both reactants), while that involving propargyl chloride showed third-order kinetics (first order in 1, second order in ClCH2C≡CH) in acetone or benzene solvent. Similar reactions of chloroacetonitrile (ClCH2C≡N) and ethyl chloroacetate (ClCH2COOEt) reagents with complex 1 yielded [PtClMe2(CH2C≡N)(bipy)] (4) and [PtClMe2(CH2COOEt)(bipy)] (5), respectively, each as a mixture of cis and trans isomers, proceeding with second-order kinetics. Unpredictably, the reaction rates o...


The heat exchanger may comprise a heat radiation section, which is provided with a first, a second and a third connecting line, which are formed by stacking a plurality of mats, and which is adapted to a first, a second and a third operating fluid receiving in the first, the second or the third connection pipe, wherein the first, second and third operating fluid during passage through the first, the second or the third connection pipe heat exchange with each other, and wherein the first, second and , are not mixed together third operating fluid, which are supplied to the first, the second or the third connection pipe and circulated; a first, a second and a third inlet, which are connected to the first, the second or the third connection pipe for supplying the first, the second and the third operating fluid of the first, the second or the third connection pipe; and a first, a second and a third outlet, which are connected to the first, the second or the third connection pipe.


In order to study relationship between the secondary structure and functions of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, the secondary structures of the putative amino acid sequences from 19 LMW-GS gene known whole coding region and chromosomal location were predicted by softwares of predicting protein in internet. The results show that, in the secondary structure of LMW-GS, coil content is the highest, to 69.51%. In comparison with β-sheet at 1.33%, α-helix at 28.97% is outstandingly high, implying that LMW-GS belongs to α-class protein according to the protein structural class. The signal peptide consists of abundant α-helix and little coil. Both the N-terminal region and the repetitive region are occupied by coil. The C-terminal region is rich in α-helix and coil, besides little β-sheet. Meanwhile two intermolecular disulfide bonds are situated in coil, while the other six intra-molecular disulfide bonds are situated in or close to the α-helix. Diagram representing the secondary structures of typical LMW-GS is drawn based on types in combination with both their frequencies and distributions of the predicted protein secondary structures. The result might not only prove classic theories, like primary structure determining the higher structures of protein and the basic function of synthesized proteins into proper cytoplasm, but also explain the structural basis of the hardness, enrichment and polymerized of multi-peptides chains with HMW-GS influencing the technological properties of wheat flour.


The preconditions for the development of systemic mycoses, mainly levuroses, caused by opportunistic organisms are particularly favorable in the severely burned patients: on the one hand as a conseque


Power control for wireless cellular system is an importantant technique to minimize the transmitter powers while maintaining acceptable QoS(Quality-of Service).In this paper,a novel distributed power control algorithm based on the stochastic noise and the estimation of signal-interference ratio(SIR) is presented.In this distributed power algorithm,each user iteratively updates its power level by the estimation of SIR.It does not require any knowledge of the channel gains or state information of other users and therefore,the proposed algorithm is robust.Convergence of the algorithm is proven by stochastic approximation approach and simulations are given to show the effecicency of the algorithm.


BREMBILLA‐PERROT, B., et al.: Influence of Age on the Potential Risk of Sudden Death in Asymptomatic Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome. Sudden death might be the first event in patients with asymptomatic WPW. The purpose of the study was to know if the age of the patient modifies the electrophysiological characteristics of asymptomatic WPW. Transesophageal stimulation was performed on 92 asymptomatic WPW patients from the following age groups: 10–69 years (n =14), 20–29 years (n = 33), 30–39 years (n = 15), 40–49 years (n = 17), and 50–69 years (n = 13). The procedure consisted of atrial pacing up to the second AV block, programmed atrial stimulation using one and two extrastimuli delivered on two driven rhythms in the control state, and after infusion of isoproterenol. In the five age groups, paroxysmal junctional tachycardia occurred, respectively, in 1 (7%), 1 (3%), 2 (13%), 2 (12%) patients, and not at all in the oldest group. AF > 1 minute occurred, respectively, in 3 (21%), 9 (27%), 5 (33%), 3 (18%), and 4 (31%) patients. The dangerous form of WPW (rapid conduction in the Kent bundle > 240/min in the control state or > 300/min after isoproterenol + AF induction) occurred, respectively, in 3 (21%), 9 (27%), 4 (27%), 1 (6%), and 3 (23%) patients. In conclusion, electrophysiological data of asymptomatic WPW are not modified by age of the patient. Elderly patients remain at risk of a dangerous form of WPW; systematic evaluation of WPW is recommended in patients with an active life independent of age.


numerous studies have examined the existence of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in later-onset neurodegenerative disorders, the mechanism by which neurons die under conditions of oxidative stress remains largely unknown. Fairly recent evidence has suggested that one mechanism linked to the death of terminally differentiated neurons is aberrant reentry into the cell cycle. This phenomenon has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (1), Down syndrome patients (2), and several mouse neurodegenerative models (3–5). We will discuss recent findings regarding the influence of oxidative stress on neurodegeneration and possible connections between oxidative stress and unscheduled cell cycle reentry, the understanding of which could lead to new strategies in the development of therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and neuron death Under normal physiological conditions, it is estimated that up to 1% of the mitochondrial electron flow leads to the formation of superoxide (O 2 • –), the primary oxygen free radical produced by mitochondria; and interference with electron transport can dramatically increase O 2 • – production. While these partially reduced oxygen species can attack iron sulfur centers in a variety of enzymes, O 2 • – is rapidly converted within the cell to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) by the superoxide dismu-tases (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3). However, H 2 O 2 can react with reduced transition metals, via the Fenton reaction, to produce the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (• OH), a far more damaging molecule to the cell. In addition to forming H 2 O 2 , O 2 • – radicals can rapidly react with nitric oxide (NO) to generate cytotoxic per-oxynitrite anions (ONOO –). Peroxynitrite can react with carbon dioxide, leading to protein damage via the formation of nitrotyrosine and lipid oxidation. The generation of ROS in normal cells, including neurons, is under tight homeostatic control. To help detoxify ROS, biological antioxidants, including glu-tathione, α-tocopherol (vitamin E), carotenoids, and ascorbic acid, will react with most oxidants. In addition , the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase detoxify H 2 O 2 by converting it to O 2 and H 2 O. However, when ROS levels exceed the antioxidant capacity of a cell, a deleterious condition known as oxidative stress occurs. Unchecked, excessive ROS can lead to the destruction of cellular components including lipids, protein, and DNA, and ultimately cell death via apoptosis or necrosis (6). Although numerous in vitro studies have implicated ROS in neuronal …


The change in flow properties ahead of the bow shock of a Jovian entry body, resulting from absorption of radiation from the shock layer, is investigated. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the free stream gases, causing dissociation, ionization, and an increase in enthalpy of flow ahead of the shock wave. As a result of increased fluid enthalpy, the entire flow field in the precursor region is perturbed. The variation in flow properties is determined by employing the small perturbation technique of classical aerodynamics as well as the thin layer approximation for the preheating zone. By employing physically realistic models of radiative transfer, solutions are obtained for velocity, pressure, density, temperature, and enthalpy variations. The results indicate that the precursor flow effects, in general, are greater at higher altitudes. Just ahead of the shock, however, the effects are larger at lower altitudes. Pre-heating of the gas significantly increases the static pressure and temperature ahead of the shock for velocities exceeding 36 km/sec.


Theophrastus introduces a new theme, which certainly broadens the horizon of the research of the Peripatos, but his approach is consistent with the Aristotelian scientific method. Usually, as a proof of Theophrastus' (alleged) disloyalty to Aristotle, the so-called Metaphysics is mentioned: yet, as L. Repici has persuasively shown (Teofrasto: Metafisica [2013], especially pp. 9–46), it is difficult to consider this Theophrastean work as a document of anti-Aristotelian positions. Rather, it is a work focusing on aporia, which is a fundamental tool of dialectical investigation and a research method already theorised and widely employed by Aristotle. Theophrastus' polemical target is rather the late Plato of the doctrine of principles and the Academic philosophers (Speusippus and Xenocrates: cf. G. Wöhrle, Theophrast von Eresos: Universalwissenschaftler im Kreis des Aristoteles und Begründer der wissenschaftlichen Botanik. Eine Einführung [2019], pp. 27 and 68–70). Finally, a mere suggestion and a line of enquiry: as in the Metaphysics (see e.g. 4a13, 4b8: εὐλογώτερον, 6b21: εὐλόγως), in the De odoribus (see e.g. 52: εὔλογον, 61: in the latter case I would not translate the adverb εὐλόγως as 'obviously', as S., p. 55, does) the occurrences of words related to εὔλογος / εὔλογον are interesting. From Diogenes Laërtius (4.29) we know that Arcesilaus was a pupil of Theophrastus; it is well known that the practical 'criterion' of εὔλογον plays a central role in Arcesilaus' philosophy, and usually the interpreters (cf. e.g. A.M. Ioppolo, Opinione e scienza: il dibattito tra Stoici e Accademici nel III e nel II secolo a.C. [1986], pp. 128–9) rightly refer it back to Aristotle and the Stoics. I believe that a comprehensive survey of the occurrences of εὔλογος / εὐλόγως in Theophrastus' works could be fruitful in order to verify if it is possible to assume some influence of the Peripatetic philosopher on Arcesilaus regarding the use of this terminology.


INTRODUCTION: The ability to predict the respiratory and beating motion of the heart has several useful applications in cardiovascular MRI. Most importantly, such prediction schemes provide necessary input to several recent motion compensation techniques [1-3]. Despite its usefulness, there is currently no available technique that predicts both cardiac and respiratory 3D motion. In order to establish such a model, a calibration scan is required that acquires real-time 3D images of the heart along with motion sensory inputs, e.g., using a respiratory bellow and a vectorcardiogram (VEG), from which the motion of the heart can be predicted. However, the inherent slow nature of MRI prevents obtaining real-time 3D images of the heart with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. This study presents a novel calibration scan that allows generating a 3D image of the heart in any respiratory and cardiac motion state based on separately acquired 2D slices. The method predicts motion and pixel intensity changes in 2D real-time images, which in turn allows predicting a complete 3D image of the heart in any motion state.


Key Points Question What are the most important factors associated with child undernutrition, and how do they vary across countries? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 299 353 children aged 12 to 59 months in 35 low- and middle-income countries, household socioeconomic status and parental nutritional status were the leading factors associated with child undernutrition in pooled analyses and in most country-specific analyses. Environmental conditions, health behaviors, disease prevalence, and maternal reproductive care were less frequently associated with child undernutrition, with substantial heterogeneity among countries. Meaning The findings of this study suggest that interventions to improve socioeconomic status and parental nutritional status (eg, education for women and poverty reduction) should accompany food and nutrition programs, but the potential benefits of investing in specific conditions are highly dependent on the context.


The transport properties of the Ando model on square lattice are studied numerically for box distribution of the diagonal disorder. The statistical properties of the Lyapunov exponents and of the conductance are discussed. It is shown that the statistics of the Lyapunov exponents agrees with the random matrix theory not only in the metallic regime, but even at the critical point. That confirms the applicability of the random matrix theory to the description of the metal-insulator transition. The limiting distribution of the conductance at the critical point of the metal-insulator transition is presented and its form is discussed on the base of the statistics of the Lyapunov exponents. Fluctuations of the conductance in the metallic and of the logarithm of the conductance in the insulating regimes indicate that the theory of the metal-insulator transition is one-parametric


Introduction: Preterm premature rupture of the membrane is one of the obstetric enigmas, which occurs in 38% of pregnancies. It has got multiple etiologies and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is also responsible for one-third of the preterm births. Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality; pPROM is an adding factor to this. Timely diagnosis, close monitoring, active management, and protocol-based termination of pregnancy has got a pivotal role in managing the condition. Aims: To identify the risk factors for pPROM and to study the maternal and fetal outcomes of such patients in a tertiary care center in southern India. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 123 antenatal patients between the gestational age of 28-36 +6 days admitted with a diagnosis of pPROM. Patients were monitored, and they were treated with iv antibiotics, tocolytics, steroids, and magnesium sulfate, depending on the gestational age. The outcome was studied in terms of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Results: The study showed that pPROM is more prevalent in young patients (20-25 years), low-socioeconomic status, primigravida and around 34-36 weeks of gestation. Among the patients, 66.7% had a vaginal delivery, and the cesarean section rate was 31.7%. Among maternal morbidities, UTI was on the higher side (13%). Among the babies born, 55 % had NICU admission of which 50.7% had RDS and 20.9 % had septicemia. Conclusion: There is an overall increased chance of maternal and neonatal morbidity in pPROM. As the most leading cause of neonatal morbidity among these patients is prematurity, conservative management to prolong the pregnancy is recommended unless there is evidence of chorioamnionitis or fetal distress. Prompt identification of complications, and treatment of infection is important in preventing maternal and neonatal morbidity. The management should be based on the gestational age, the fetal well-being and the presence or absence of complications.


Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum is an ultrasensitive quantitative tool for molecular fingerprinting and is very suitable for the analyzing and detecting trace substances, including low‐abundance miRNAs. Researchers have already investigated the effects of nanomaterial‐based SERS profiling on miRNA. As review herein, these SERS‐active nanostructures can be generally classified into 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures according to their distinct structure. These SERS‐active structures with differential structural dimensions exhibit differences in terms of detection performance which can be attributed to the unique nanomaterials involved and the overall design of the SERS nanostructures. In this review the authors focus on the design of SERS nanostructures in previous research, the advantages and disadvantages in miRNA profiling of the different dimensional nanostructures are analyzed, and some design principles to develop guidelines, to fabricate more effective SERS nano‐sensors with ultra‐high sensitivity and high levels accuracy are summarized, thereby promoting the practical application of miRNA profiling by SERS technology in complex life systems.


Access for all to preventive interventions and treatment for HIV and AIDS is possible—but only if countries increase their funding and respect universal human rights. This was the message from politicians, experts, and activists at the 18th international AIDS conference in Vienna this week, in response to worldwide cuts to aid.

An estimated 25 000 delegates watched protestors march the length of the huge convention centre, storm the stage, and delay the opening session, with shouts of "Broken promises kill. No retreat: fund AIDS!"

This year is the deadline for universal access set by the G8, the world's top eight industrialised countries. "We are nowhere near," said …


Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases that significantly reduces the life qualify of affected women and their families. Aberrant expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and thus over‐production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to play critical roles in the development of this disease. However, the mechanism responsible for COX‐2 over‐expression remains obscure. Here, we provide evidence for what we believe is a novel mechanism in regulating COX‐2 expression in endometriotic stromal cells. Dual‐specificity phosphatase‐2 (DUSP2), a nuclear phosphatase that inactivates mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), is markedly down‐regulated in stromal cells of ectopic endometriotic tissues, which results in prolonged activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK and increased COX‐2 expression. Expression of DUSP2 is inhibited by hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) at the transcriptional level. Treatment of normal endometrial stromal cells with hypoxia, or chemicals that cause HIF‐1α accumulation, results in DUSP2 down‐regulation, prolonged ERK phosphorylation and COX‐2 over‐expression. In contrast, forced expression of DUSP2 under hypoxia abolishes HIF‐1α‐induced ERK phosphorylation and COX‐2 expression. Furthermore, suppression of DUSP2 by HIF‐1α in eutopic endometrial stromal cells increases sensitivity of cox‐2 gene to interleukin‐1β stimulation, a phenomenon resembling endometriotic stromal cell characteristics. Taken together, these data suggest that DUSP2 is an important molecule in endometrial physiology and that hypoxia‐inhibited DUSP2 expression is a critical factor for the development of endometriosis. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


RFB ("remote framebuffer") is a simple protocol for remote access to
graphical user interfaces which allows a client to view and control a
window system on another computer. Because it works at the framebuffer
level RFB is applicable to all windowing systems and applications.
This document describes the protocol used to communicate between an
RFB client and RFB server. RFB is the protocol used in VNC, Virtual
Network Computing.


• BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) results in substantial societal costs and can be treated either by nonsurgical or surgical approaches. • OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in costeffectiveness of manual physical therapy versus surgery in women with CTS. • METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 women with a clinical and an electromyographic diagnosis of CTS were randomized through concealed allocation to either manual physical therapy or surgery. Interventions consisted of 3 sessions of manual physical therapy, including desensitization maneuvers of the central nervous system, or decompression/release of the carpal tunnel. Societal costs and health‐related quality of life (estimated by the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions [EQ‐5D] scale) over 1 year were used to generate incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year ratios for each treatment. • RESULTS: The analysis was possible for 118 patients (98%). Incremental quality‐adjusted life years showed greater cost‐effectiveness in favor of manual physical therapy (difference, 0.135; 95% confidence interval: 0.134, 0.136). Manual therapy was significantly less costly than surgery (mean difference in cost per patient, &U20AC;2576; P<.001). Patients in the surgical group received a greater number of other treatments and made more visits to medical doctors than those receiving manual physical therapy (P = .02). Absenteeism from paid work was significantly higher in the surgery group (P<.001). The major contributors to societal costs were the treatment protocol (surgery versus manual therapy mean difference, &U20AC;106 980) and absenteeism from paid work (surgery versus manual physical therapy mean difference, &U20AC;42 224). • CONCLUSION: Manual physical therapy, including desensitization maneuvers of the central nervous system, has been found to be equally effective but less costly (ie, more cost‐effective) than surgery for women with CTS. From a cost‐benefit perspective, the proposed CTS manual physical therapy intervention can be considered. • LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Economic and decision analyses, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(2):55‐63. Epub 30 Nov 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8483


Understanding the Higgs potential by measuring its self-interactions is fundamental in answering several big questions, such as electroweak symmetry breaking, electroweak baryogenesis, electroweak phase transition, and electroweak vacuum stability. The most promising way to probe the Higgs potential is to detect Higgs boson pair final state at high-energy colliders. In this talk, we report a recent perturbative calculation for the di-Higgs gluon-fusion process by taking into account N$^3$LO QCD radiative corrections in the approximation of infinite top quark mass limit. Finite top quark mass effects are also incorporated with several approximate schemes, which are known to be crucial in phenomenological applications. We show a very good asymptotic perturbative convergence at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s^5)$, and demonstrate that the remaining scale uncertainty is only at percent level.


This study proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) for power economic dispatch (PED) considering units with prohibited operating zones (POZ). The IPSO equipped with an accelerated operation and a migration operation can efficiently search and actively explore solutions. The multiplier updating (MU) is introduced to handle the equality and inequality constraints of the power system. To show the advantages of the proposed algorithm, one realistic example is investigated, and the computational results of the proposed method are compared with that of previous methods. The proposed approach integrates the IPSO and the MU, revealing that the proposed approach has the following merits ease of implementation; applicability to non-convex fuel cost functions; better effectiveness than previous methods; better efficiency than particle swarm optimization with the MU (PSO-MU), and the requirement for only a small population in applying the optimal PED problem of generators with POZ.


Operators that, over time, produce successive approximations to the correct output are called progressive operators. These operators, and measures for evaluating them, are defined. Desirable properties for progressive operators are identified. Methods for their design are suggested. Examples of progressive operators for image processing are presented.<<ETX>>


These diseases are often a concern in lawns under intensive management for two reasons: 1. Improper application of certain lawn management practices, such as close mowing, can aggravate disease development. 2. When a lawn receives significant inputs of fertilizer and irrigation and frequent mowing, the homeowner or landscape manager usually has high aesthetic expectations and tolerates little turf damage.


The Large Hadron–Electron Collider is designed to move the field of deep inelastic scattering to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting energy-recovery technology, it collides a novel, intense electron beam with a proton or ion beam from the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. The accelerator and interaction regions are designed for concurrent electron–proton and proton–proton operations. This paper represents the concepts of an updated design study and discusses the design challenges of the project


In "Adaptive wavelet methods II---Beyond the elliptic case" of Cohen, Dahmen, and DeVore [Found. Comput. Math., 2 (2002), pp. 203--245], an adaptive method has been developed for solving general operator equations. Using a Riesz basis of wavelet type for the energy space, the operator equation is transformed into an equivalent matrix-vector system. This system is solved iteratively, where the application of the infinite stiffness matrix is replaced by an adaptive approximation. Assuming that the stiffness matrix is sufficiently compressible, i.e., that it can be sufficiently well approximated by sparse matrices, it was proved that the adaptive method has optimal computational complexity in the sense that it converges with the same rate as the best N-term approximation for the solution, assuming that the latter would be explicitly available. The condition concerning compressibility requires that, dependent on their order, the wavelets have sufficiently many vanishing moments, and that they be sufficiently smooth. However, except on tensor product domains, wavelets that satisfy this smoothness requirement are not easy to construct.
In this paper we write the domain or manifold on which the operator equation is posed as an overlapping union of subdomains, each of them being the image under a smooth parametrization of the hypercube. By lifting wavelets on the hypercube to the subdomains, we obtain a {\em frame} for the energy space. With this frame the operator equation is transformed into a matrix-vector system, after which this system is solved iteratively by an adaptive method similar to the one from the work of Cohen, Dahmen, and DeVore. With this approach, frame elements that have sufficiently many vanishing moments and are sufficiently smooth, something needed for the compressibility, are easily constructed. By handling additional difficulties due to the fact that a frame gives rise to an underdetermined matrix-vector system, we prove that this adaptive method has optimal computational complexity.


In the scenario of health-related searches, we investigate whether explicit relevance feedback by experts can guide query expansion methods to formulate queries that return fewer misleading or wrong results. In contrast to standard query expansion methods that pay no attention to the ranks of the feedback documents in the results of the expanded query, we experiment with a keyquery-based approach to identify expanded queries for which the feedback documents are ranked as high as possible. Experiments on the TREC 2019–2021 Decision and Health Misinformation tracks show that our keyquery-based method substantially reduces the portion of harmful results and improves the overall retrieval effectiveness.


This thesis describes a character generator which was built for a refreshed cathode-ray tube display. The CRT used was a law-cost entertainment-quality television picture tube, and hence had a very poor deflection bandwidth. Settling time for the CRT system was about A technique was developed and made operational which displayed a whole dot-matrix character in a time which was less than one settling time of the display system. It is an application of the existing technique called sinusoidal scan to the display of dot-matrix characters. A data compression technique was also invented and implemented. It allaws up to a 75 percent reduction in the size of the stored character tables which are normally associated with dot-matrix displays. The technique involves a digital algorithm which fills in dots between given dots in a matrix. This technique proved quite effective in producing good quality characters, and is economically attractive. THESIS SUPERVISOR: James K. Roberge TITLE: Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering


The reasons and function of installing back-up protective devices for power surge protective device were expounded briefly.And the advantages and disadvantages of vavious protective products were analyzed.The factors which should considered about selection of back-up protective devices when power supply surge protective device were installing and the selection methods were summarized.It could provide references for engineering designers.


The stochastic character of arc welding signals is discussed with respect to monitoring for quality assurance requirements. Instrumentation is described for performing statistical analysis on the signals and recording the results. Use of the instrumentation in a control capacity is also examined.


During the 1950s, GDR television broadcasting could not yet count on a large number of spectators. This was largely due to the low number of televisions in private households, which only reached one million after 1960. This relatively low number of private televisions had the effect that members of the state broadcasting station had quite a lot of political freedom. From 1954 onwards, war experiences could therefore become one of the three main pillars of the original East German Fernsehspiel. The narrative structure of the 'Fernsehspiel', its close relation to the 'Kammerspiel' offered an adequate expression for the dramatic situation of the last days of the war: men and women found themselves confronted with existential situations and were forced to come to political and moral decisions. The stories told were mostly based upon authentic war experiences. Due to the journalistic character of TV productions in general and the specific profile of East German TV productions in particular, the authentic stories were interpreted psychologically. This aesthetic program is reflected in the title 'Gewissen in Aufruhr' (troubled consciousness), one of the most important TV productions of that decade.


The invention discloses an RFID technology based tire inside vulcanizing temperature field measuring method and system. According to the RFID technology based tire inside vulcanizing temperature field measuring method and system, a measuring reader and a wireless temperature measurement module with an RFIC chip are adopted for measurement, the wireless temperature measurement module is embedded into a tire before vulcanization, temperature measurement is automatically performed in the vulcanizing process, measured temperature data are stored in the RFIC chip, the tire is taken out of a die after vulcanization is completed, the measuring reader is close to the tire to be measured, and the temperature data stored in the RFIC chip of the wireless temperature measurement module are read out in a wireless mode and processed through computer system software to complete tire inside vulcanizing temperature field measurement. In the measurement process, the vulcanization die is not needed to be holed, and the RFID technology based tire inside vulcanizing temperature field measuring method and system are convenient and efficient to operate, low in cost and capable of effectively solving the problems existing in an existing measuring method and have high application value and wide market prospects.


For several terrestrial laser scanning applications, it is important to register different static 3D laser scans with locally different coordinate systems in one standard coordinate system. This paper deals with a sensor fusion, which consists of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and additional sensors for an efficient direct geo-referencing of such laser scans. An efficient way to determine the transformation parameters –position vector and orientation– is the direct observation of these parameters with geodetic positioning sensors. While the determination of the position vector by GNSS or tacheometry measurements is an easygoing task, the determination of the orientation is challenging. In order to determine this orientation information the constant rotation of the TLS about its vertical axis is used with a synchronous high frequency 3D tracking of a characteristic point on the TLS, e.g., the antenna reference point of the GNSS antenna or a prism. The 3D track is evaluated within an adaptive extended Kalman Filter approach. As a result we obtain the filtered positions and the orientation of all three axes. To show the potential of the described procedure for the direct geo-referencing a practical experiment is performed with simultaneous tracking of the TLS by GNSS and tacheometry measurements. The results for the geo-referencing of the captured laser scans are compared with each other as well as with the results determined by the classical geo-referencing with artificial control points.


T HE study of focal cortical epilepsy has led us to the belief that epileptic neurons are partially deafferentY The validity of this hypothesis has been demonstrated in the cat spinal cord where rhizotomy or hemi-cordotomy result in neuronal firing patterns that are similar to those seen in an epileptic focus. 1 Other work in our laboratories has shown that certain epileptogenic agents, when injected into the spinal cord of the cat, can produce unusual sensory states suggestive of pain and the neuronal firing patterns typical of epilepsy? It is our hypothesis that many of the central pain states that occur after nerve or spinal cord injury may be due to chronic deafferentation and subsequent hyperactivity at the segmental level. This report describes a paraplegic patient whose spinal cord neuronal activity was sampled.


A 72-year-old woman was on dialysis for 44 years. Chest radiography revealed hazy opacity in the upper lung field (Figure 1A). Chest computed tomography (CT) showed patchy ground-glass opacities and fusion with overt calcification (Figure 1B). She had mild hypoxemia and impaired diffusing capacity. 99mTc-HMDP scintigraphy showed a prominent uptake in the lung fields corresponding to the patchy opacities (Figure 1C), indicating the accumulation of calcium in the lung parenchyma.


Objective: To develep a HPLC method for determining the content of voriconazole for injection and its related sulstances. Methods: ShimPack CLC-ODS C_ 18 Column (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) and 0.04 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (adjusted to pH 6.0)-acetonitrile (50∶50)as mobile phase were used with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, a detection wavelength of 256 nm and a injection volume of 20 μL. Results: A satisfactory seperation was obtained between voriconazole and related substances. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.015~0.15 g/L for voriconazole with good correlation coefficient (r=0.9999). The RSDs of intra-and inter-day were both less than 1.5%,the detection limit was 0.5 ng and the quantitative limit was 1.5 ng. The examining result of related substances in sample conformed to quality requirement. Conclusion:The HPLC assay is simple and quick with high specificity,and can be used for the determination of voriconazole for injection and its related substances.


Abstract. The optimization and uncertainty analysis of laser-based optical sensors in the design phase is a challenging task due to the presence of stochastic laser speckle effects. We present an accurate, efficient, and versatile simulation framework for the design of optical sensor assemblies, capable of handling objective as well as subjective speckle effects. The framework integrates the stochastic nature of laser speckle with the deterministic properties of ray-tracing simulations, enabling the simulation of sensitivities to translational as well as rotational target motion and reliable performance estimation, even for more complex optical assemblies. To validate the simulation results for translation and rotation, they are compared against the experimental data of four speckle-based optical sensor assemblies as well as against analytical relations for speckle pattern motion. The accuracy of the developed framework is demonstrated by simulation errors for correlation peak shift of the speckle pattern of less than 2  μm rms and 2.4  μm rms for translation and rotation, respectively. For the center of gravity shift as additional simulation output for an integrated laser sensor for sensing translations in all three degrees of freedom, a simulation error of 2.6  μm rms was obtained, which also lies well below the resolution of the designed optical sensor assemblies.


(i) O'Connor, Dennis F. (Worcester, Mass.).-Glioma retinae et atrophia bulbi. Arch. of Ophthal., Vol. XLVI, No. 4, 1917. (1) O'Connor believes that in his case the glioma was the primary, condition; that the tumour after destroying the retina became almost completely necrotic; and that the necrotic areas became replaced by connective tissue in which the tumour cells again grew; the cell masses thus formed, then underwent necrosis and calcification, probably from the lack of sufficient blood supply. He reviews the hereditary, prenatal, and congenital aspects of these cases, and discusses the available literature. Finally a section is devoted to the differential diagnosis. R. H. ET,LIOT.


The audit plays a very important role with respect to the collection of efficient and real
information that allows to know the situation of the entity through an examination of
the processes, compliance with standards, laws, application of generally accepted
accounting standards and, the development of the observations issued so that
weaknesses become opportunities for growth. Appropriate supervision with a good
social responsibility of the auditor will allow entities to remain active, generating
profits and benefits for both their managers and their partners and clients, thereby
avoiding more serious difficulties or problems such as the liquidation of financial
entities damaging the economy of many families as it was lived in the previous year
affecting the poorest population of the country. The investigation showed that sound
audit practice favors the improvement of cooperative operations, ensures the efficiency
of operations, the reliability of financial information and compliance with applicable
laws, regulations and policies in general, as well as increasing the reliability of
information for interested parties.


Abstract Fluorescence emission spectra and quantum yields have been measured for neat sample of six different hydrocarbon fuels over different possible excitation wavelengths. Hydrocarbon fuels show different excitation fluorescence cutoff depending on their commercial use and applications in the UV ∼ visible region. The fluorescence emission maximum of these fuels shows a red shift with excitation wavelength. Resonance energy transfer and self-quenching through solvent collision of fluorophores play an important role on the fluorescence characteristics of multifluorophoric mixture like petroleum fuels at higher concentration. The fluorescence quantum yield of these fuels is a function of the excitation wavelength and is different for different fuels. The change in quantum yield with excitation wavelength for petroleum fuels is different from that of crude oils. The change in fluorescence quantum yield at lower excitation wavelength provides a promising tool to estimate contamination of diesel and petrol by kerosene.


This paper discussed the content and methodology reform for experiment teaching, in which the existing problems, such as "Experiment techniques and the related facilities are behind the development of advanced technology", or "The experiment means does not meet the need in fostering creative ability of university students", are in focused discussion. As we know, in the experiment teaching of universities, especially for those engineering colleges, the above mentioned problem issues do exist. As a solution the paper proposed an automation experiment teaching system equipped with the advanced techniques and facilities. This advanced, flexible and engineering oriented system supplies the students with an open experiment platform, and also the reform practice for the content and methodology of experiment teaching was performed. A several years practice shows that, the reform obviously improved the manipulative ability, engineering practice ability and creative ability for the college students, and also the reform promoted the progress of the experiment teaching, achieving notable results for teaching issues.


Some of the best educational apps have been created to serve as an additional resource for students participating in more structured education programs. Our project aims to provide self-motivated students with options for learning in gaming environment. The proposed application allow students to ask and answer questions, answering more and more questions will allow the student to get higher level and marked with some distinguished badges. The application aims to achieve six main attractive factors studied by conducting a survey distributed to 90 students to ensure that the mobile game learning enhance the educational skills for the students rather than the traditional teaching. Hence, we are studying student's college attitude as they represent a sample of Yarmouk University during Fall 2017/2018 semester. The results show that our developed application provides students with a friendly educational mobile application, provide an entertainment educational environment, provide rich database that contain diverse courses questions and answers and enhance students learning skills.


The interactions between a dense cloud of small bubbles and a liquid turbulent boundary layer are reviewed on the basis of available experimental observations to understand and quantify their capability for reducing skin friction. Gas bubbles are generally introduced into the boundary layer by injection through a porous surface or by electrolysis. After injection, the bubbles stay near the wall in boundary-layer-like fashion giving rise to strong gradients in both velocity and gas concentration. In general, the magnitude of the skin friction reduction increases as the volume of bubbles in the boundary layer is increased until a maximum skin friction reduction of typically 80–90% of the undisturbed skin friction level is reached. The volumetric gas flow required for this maximum is nominally equal to the volume flow of the liquid in the boundary layer. Bubble size estimates indicate that in most microbubble experiments the bubbles have been intermediate in size between the inner and outer scales of the undisturbed boundary layer. Additional studies with other nondimensional bubble sizes would be useful. However, the bubble size is most likely controlled by the injection process, and considerably different conditions would be required to change this ratio appreciably. The trajectories of the bubble clouds are primarily determined by the random effects of turbulence and bubble-bubble interactions. The effects of buoyancy represent a weaker effect. The trajectories are unlike the deterministic trajectory of an individual bubble in a time-averaged boundary layer. Bubbles are most effective in high speed boundary layers and, for the bubble sizes tested to date, produce an effect that persists for some one hundred boundary layer thicknesses. Modeling suggests that microbubbles reduce skin friction by increasing the turbulence Reynolds number in the buffer layer in a manner similar to polymers. Although the effects of microbubbles are consistent and reproducible, their primary practical limitation is the volume of gas needed. Studies aimed at reducing the volumetric gas flow requirements are recommended. Potential applications would favor high speed vehicles operating near the surface where pumping work is minimized.


Sensation seeking and emotion dysregulation have been identified as contributing factors for consequences associated with cannabis use, although findings have been mixed. The study seeks to clarify relations between sensation seeking, emotion dysregulation, and cannabis-related consequences. Cannabis users (N = 2,128) were assessed for facets of sensation seeking, emotion dysregulation, and cannabis-related consequences. Results revealed a positive association between risk seeking and cannabis-related consequences, as well as between emotion dysregulation and cannabis-related consequences. A negative association was observed between experience seeking and cannabis-related consequences. An interaction was found between emotion dysregulation and risk seeking. Risk seeking appears to be a risk factor for cannabis-related consequences at lower levels of emotion dysregulation. At high levels, the effect of emotion dysregulation superseded that of risk seeking. These findings have implications for the prioritization of clinical concerns in individuals seeking treatment for problematic cannabis use.


High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are novel biomarker of epileptogenic tissue. HFOs are currently used to localize the seizure generating areas of the brain, delineate the resection and to monitor the disease activity. It is well established that spatiotemporal dynamics of HFOs can be modified by sleep-wake cycle. In this study we aimed to evaluate in detail circadian and ultradian changes in HFO dynamics using techniques of automatic HFO detection. For this purpose we have developed and implemented novel algorithm to automatic detection and analysis of HFOs in long-term intracranial recordings of six patients. In 5/6 patients HFO rates significantly increased during NREM sleep. The largest NREM related increase in HFO rates were observed in brain areas which spatially overlapped with seizure onset zone. Analysis of long-term recording revealed existence of ultradian changes in HFO dynamics. This study demonstrated reliability of automatic HFO detection in the analysis of long-term intracranial recordings in humans. Obtained results can foster practical implementation of automatic HFO detecting algorithms into presurgical examination, dramatically decrease human labour and increase the information yield of HFOs.


Using a well‐characterized series of styrene‐butadiene triblock copolymers, a systematic study was carried out to determine the influence of casting solvent, used for film preparation, on the final mechanical properties. The results clearly indicate that in the range of styrene contents of 30–40 mole%, the modulus behavior varies greatly as the solubility parameter δ of the casting solvent is varied. Specifically, the modulus increases as δ increases. At lower or higher styrene content, the properties are influenced but to a much lesser degree. Interpretation of the measured mechanical behavior is given in light of morphological data obtained by rheo‐optical methods.


This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Cauldron Archives by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Tennant, Elissa L.; Kurp, Abraham; Burton, Abby; and Liptak, Sara, "The Cauldron, 2015, Issue 02" (2015). The Cauldron Archives. Book 2. http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cauldron_archives/2


A high speed CMOS image acquisition and transmission system, which is composed of CMOS image sensor IBIS5-A-1300, USB 2.0 interface chip EZ-USB FX2 and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), is designed and developed. The design of IBIS5-A-1300 driving timing, USB interface chip timing, firmware and application program are introduced. Experiments show that the system possesses the advantage of high resolution and high frame rate, supports single frame acquisition and video preview and fits the criterion of USB2.0 and the demand of real-time data transmission.


We shall propose several estimators for the scale parameter in the uniform distribution when the parameter is functions of a known exposure level, and obtain expectations and variances for their proposed estimators. And we shall compare numerically relative efficiencies for proposed estimators of the scale parameter in the small sample sizes.


This paper mainly focuses on the development of the NOR flash memory technology, with the aim of describing both the basic functionality of the memory cell used so far and the main cell architecture consolidated today. The NOR cell is basically a floating-gate MOS transistor, programmed by channel hot electron and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The main reliability issues, such as charge retention and endurance, are discussed, together with an understanding of the basic physical mechanisms responsible. Most of these considerations are also valid for the NAND cell, since it is based on the same concept of floating-gate MOS transistor. Furthermore, an insight into the multilevel approach, where two bits are stored in the same cell, is presented. In fact, the exploitation of the multilevel approach at each technology node allows an increase of the memory efficiency, almost doubling the density at the same chip size, enlarging the application range and reducing the cost per bit. Finally, NOR flash cell scaling issues are covered, pointing out the main challenges. Flash cell scaling has been demonstrated to be really possible and to be able to follow Moore's law down to the 130-nm technology generations. Technology development and consolidated know-how is expected to sustain the scaling trend down to 90- and 65-nm technology nodes. One of the crucial issues to be solved to allow cell scaling below the 65-nm node is the tunnel oxide thickness reduction, as tunnel thinning is limited by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms.


In the ultrasound diagnosis field, an analysis of speckle image texture in ultrasound B-scans is one of the important researches using stochastic signal processing method. In this paper, it is focused on finding out theoretically the probability density function of the speckle image texture for the magnitude of speckle image. First, the occurrence mech anismof speckle image texture is treated as a random walk problem in a multi-dimen sionalsignal space based on Shannon's sampling theorem, by newly introducing a Hankel transformation type characteristic function. As a result, a unified probability density function expression has been explicitly proposed and it has been clarified that the present expression agrees with the well-known Rayleigh and Rician probability density functions as two special cases. Then, the legitimacy and the effectiveness of proposed stochastic analysis method has been experimentally confirmed by applying it to the speckle pattern of clinical B-scan image actually utilized for diagnostic purpose.


Abstract This article aims at analysing the impact of the rules of engagement and the training of security forces in the determination of the positive, negative and procedural duties of States under article 2 of the ECHR. Its purpose is to explain why the Court's decisions should consider the issues of ROE and training in a more thoughtful and comprehensive way. It maintains that the role of the Court should not be confined to the mere findings of Convention violations, but should also involve an analysis of the causes of the violations, in order to enable the Committee of Ministers to effectively accomplish its duty to supervise the execution of judgments by respondent States.


We have considered the dynamic response of the structures of the following type: metal-semiconductor-tunneling junction-semiconductor-metal in the hydrodynamic approximation and with account of electromagnetic retardation. It was shown that the high-frequency impedance of the structure has a multiresonance character when the skin layer depth is less than the semiconductor dimensions. This phenomenon is concerned with excitation of low-frequency branch of tunneling junction plasmons (TJPs) by the inhomogeneous current flowing along the semiconductor lateral surface. The impedance has the resonances when the structure width is the TJP half-wavelength multiple. The resonances can become self-exciting in the negative differential tunnel conductance regime of the resonant tunneling diode.


The flash photolysis of bromide ions has been studied using conductometric detection. Together with earlier results from (lash photolysis [1, 2, 5] and pulse radiolysis investigations [3, 4] a mechanism is proposed consistent with the experimental observations.


The students' writing achievement of SMP Negeri 2 Dongko, class IX D especially is low. It can be seen on the mark of students' assesment on writing Report text. That's why the research is held as the attempt to find the propper learning model by implementing  Round Table model.  Hopefully, it is intended  to enhance the students' ability on writing skill. In this case the primary purpose is that the students can explore his idea to compose a good report text. In implementing the  Round Table  model, the first step is to divide class into small groups consist of 5 students, then In each group the students have to  write in turn, a sentence for each, based on the framework they have made before.  The research held is Classroom Action Research with the goal to know whether the increasing of the students' achievement after implementing Round Table model. After the research, the data analized shows that classical learning mastery has increased from 59,46 in pre cycle, 67,89 in cycle 1 and 75,46 in cycle 2. The percentage of learning mastery is also increasing from 57,14% in pre cycle, 71,43% in cycle 1 and 88,57% in cycle 2. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of  Round Table model has succeded in increasing the achievement on writting Report Text of the IX D students.


Building upon Walsh's Comic Book Markup Language (CMBL) used for encoding text features of comics documents, this essay explores how CBML can be modified and expanded using additional Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) features to reflect alternative theoretical and critical approaches to comics. In doing so, this essay argues that markup languages offer not only a means for analyzing encoded documents but also a means for analyzing critical approaches to documents. Because markup language reflects the critical stance of whoever produces the encoding, any revision to the markup potentially reflects a revision to the critical theoretical framework from which the encoder operates. As such, implementation of markup language in comics studies can function not only as a metalanguage for describing comics but also as a form of meta-criticism. To this end, this essay explores methods for incorporating CBML and TEI to reflect commonly opposed approaches to analyzing comics documents.


Infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, or COVID‐19, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis at all levels of the vascular tree including the microvasculature, arteries and veins. However, the mechanisms involved in the heterogenic thrombotic presentations in COVID‐19 are poorly understood. One potential contributor to the prothrombotic state in COVID‐19 is von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a multimeric glycoprotein produced by endothelial cells and platelets that is unfolded and activated by shear stress or artificially with ristocetin. vWF has been implicated in pathogenesis of arterial clots including stroke, consistent with its activation by shear. vWF has also been implicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a subtype of microvascular thrombosis. Elevated vWF has even been associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis, a classically low shear environment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vWF had a higher propensity to become activated in COVID‐19, suggestive of an altered configuration. We hypothesized that vWF from patients with COVID‐19 would be more active than healthy controls. Discarded whole blood samples were collected from hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID‐19; blood from healthy donors was collected via venipuncture. Patient and control plasma were rapidly thawed at 37 ℃ then transferred to de‐identified containers to blind performing scientist. Samples were processed in a duplicate manner adding 30 μL of plasma to a solution containing 200 x103/μL lyophilized platelets. We measured vWF activation using two methods: the first involved agglutination with an intermediate concentration of ristocetin (between 0.6 ‐ 0.7 mg/mL) to achieve less than 40% of normal agglutination. The second method involved detection of A1‐12 antibody binding with ELISA. The A1‐12 antibody binds to the N‐terminus of the A1 subunit, a location that is typically obscured by the A2 domain and thus is only accessible with vWF is unfolded. All measured values were compared to normal pooled plasma (NPP) processed in the same experiment. Notably all measures of activation of vWF were significantly higher in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy controls. The primary slope of the agglutination was the most significantly elevated when compared to controls (162 verses 106 % of NPP, p = 0.002). The absolute amount of vWF was also significantly increased in patients compared to controls (148 verses 100% of NPP, p < 0.001). These preliminary data are suggestive of increased activity of vWF in COVID‐19 infectionin addition to an increased absolute level. vWF may be a significant pathway that becomes dysregulated during the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2. This study is limited by its use of discarded blood that has undergone one freeze‐thaw cycle. Further work is needed to correlate these results to clinical outcomes.


PURPOSE: To provide an identification system for marking an article thin and long like a pipe or a cable by using the sheet of a transparent polymer film with its upper and lower faces. CONSTITUTION: This system consists of transparent EPDM with the upper and lower faces or a sheet of a silicone film. As a polymer sheet called as an identification marker 10 is welded to itself with the lapse of time to be the pipe-like material of some solid matter, it is not removed from the identified article 14. As the marker 10 can be stuck to the optional part of the article by a wrapping similar to a tape and is not stuck to most of a supporting body, it can be rearranged even after sticking, is welded to itself with the lapse of time and becomes a permanent marker 10. As being sufficiently stuck to itself, the marker 10 is not melted even after being welded and not stuck to the article 14 to be rearranged even after sticking. Thus, the marker 10 is more excellent than a tape.


We apply a combination of linear time varying (LTV) Kalman filtering and nonlinear contraction tools to the problem of simultaneous mapping and local- ization (SLAM), in a fashion which avoids linearized approximations altogether. By exploiting virtual synthetic measurements, the LTV Kalman observer avoids errors and approximations brought by the linearization process in the EKF SLAM. Fur- thermore, conditioned on the robot position, the covariances between landmarks are fully decoupled, making the algorithm easily scalable. Contraction analysis is used to establish stability of the algorithm and quantify its convergence rate. We pro- pose four versions based on different combinations of sensor information, ranging from traditional bearing measurements and radial measurements to optical flows and time-to-contact measurements. As shown in simulations, the proposed algorithm is simple and fast, and it can solve SLAM problems in both 2D and 3D scenarios with guaranteed convergence rates in a full nonlinear context.


We start with a Left‐Right Symmetric Model and we analyze the endpoint of the beta decay of the tritium 3H → 3He + e− + ve. We applied this model to incorporate the right currents, whereby we propose an amplitude whose leptonic part contains the parameter λ defined as a left‐right asymmetry parameter which measures the parity violation. We realized the numerical computation to the sensibility of the experiments Mainz and Troitsk of mve = 2.2 eV. We find that the spectrum of energy of the electrons for this experiments it is not affected by the left‐right asymmetry parameter.


To the Editor: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are powerful immunosuppressive agents that form the basis of current ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy. However, GC resistance has been reported in up to 30% of UC patients, thereby significantly complicating the clinical management of UC. Delineation of the molecular basis responsible for GC resistance is vital for the development of new therapeutic options in UC and may provide novel insights into the underlying proinflammatory mechanisms. A physical and functional interaction between the GC receptor and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) has been demonstrated. Goleva et al reported a defect in GC receptor nuclear translocation in response to GCs because of phosphorylated STAT5-GC receptor heterodimer formation, resulting in GC insensitivity. This observation supported previous work demonstrating STAT5-dependent inhibition of GC-induced transcriptional effects through direct protein interaction. The STAT family consists of 7 STAT members (1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, and 6) that play an important role in inflammatory responses. STAT proteins are cytoplasmic transcription factors that become phosphorylated upon signaling by extracellular cytokines, after which dimerization and nuclear translocation takes place, thereby regulating transcriptional processes. The clinical importance of GC resistance combinedwith the abovementioned considerations prompted us to investigate the role of STAT5 in GCresistant UC. Colon biopsies from GC-resistant (n = 5) and non-GC-resistant UC (n = 4) patients were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Biopsies from patients who underwent colonoscopy for colon cancer screening (n = 5) served as a control. These studies revealed the presence of phosphorylated (i.e., active) STAT5 in colon biopsies of GC-resistant UC patients, which was localized to intestinal epithelial cells and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). In contrast, almost no phosphorylated STAT5 was observed in biopsies obtained from nonGC-resistant UC patients, and phosphorylated STAT5 was undetectable in biopsies from control (i.e., non-UC) patients. In addition, tissue lysates prepared from colon biopsies obtained from GC-resistant UC patients (n = 4) were subjected to immunoprecipitation using an antibody against the GC receptor. GC receptor immunoprecipitates were subsequently analyzed on Western blot, revealing the presence of phosphorylated STAT5. Thus, these observations showed an in vivo interaction between the GC receptor and phosphorylated STAT5 in steroid-resistant UC. Overall, this work suggests that STAT5 is involved in GCresistant UC and identifies LPMCs and intestinal epithelial cells as target cells for GC therapy in this disease. Previous studies revealed a potential role for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT4 in experimental colitis. Correspondingly, increased amounts of total and phosphorylated STAT3 were detected in LPMCs from UC and Crohn_s disease patients compared with noninflammatory control cells, as assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. However, there were no data available on STAT5 in UC. Our findings now suggest that a subgroup of the UC population (i.e., GC-resistant UC patients) have increased phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the colon. Therefore, this study identifies STAT5 as a potential molecular target for the clinical management of GCresistant UC. Further studies will need to define the exact role of STAT5 in the pathogenesis of GC-resistant UC.


Generation mean analysis of four crosses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) viz., NBPGR/TCR-1498 x NBPGR/TCR-2060, NBPGR/TCR-2019 x Parbhani Kranti, MDU-1 x Varsha Uphar, NBPGR/TCR-985 x Parbhani Kranti was conducted for studying gene action of resistance to two major diseases viz., yellow vein mosaic (YVM) and Alternaria leaf spot under Kerala conditions. Duplicate gene action was observed for resistance to both diseases, which indicated hindrance to improvement by simple selection. Hence reciprocal recurrent selection would be useful for the effective utilisation of both types of additive and non-additive gene effects simultaneously.


A bulk kerogen ( OS) was activated by using ZnCl2( Z) and KOH (K), followed by the oxidation with H2 O2( H) and NaClO ( N), respectively. The treated samples were characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR), and CO2 gas adsorption techniques, to investigate the aqueous adsorption behaviors of phenanthrene and nonylphenol. The CO2 gas adsorption results show that specific surface areas (SSA) and nanopore volumes (Vo) of the samples were 76.57~104.00 m2 ·g-1 and 30.68~41.67 μL·g-1, respectively, and were positively correlated with contents of organic carbon. The aqueous sorption experiments show that all the samples were typically nonlinear for phenanthrene and nonylphenol, and the nonlinear sorption factor (n) of phenanthrene (0.678~0.797) was greater than the n value of nonylphenol (0.530~0.748), and the sorption affinity of nonylphenol (K′F 为 1358 ~ 3750 μg·g-1 ) was larger than that of phenanthrene (K′F 为 435 ~ 1297 μg·g-1 ) . Moreover, the sorption affinity of phenanthrene and nonylphenol was negatively correlated with O / C and (N+O) / C values. The nanopore filling models showe that microporous filling mechanism was the main mechanism for the adsorption of phenanthrene. However, the higher sorption affinity of nonylphenol than of phenanthrene suggests other possible specific interaction such as hydrogen bonding. With the combined treatments of KH,ON,KN, the nanopore⁃filling volume of nonylphenol is related to nanopore size variation and hydrogen bonding of nonylphenol on —OH、—COOH、—NH2 functional groups.


2. Vectors should be written in lower case bold font, e.g . a and matrices in upper case bold, e.g . A. Other algebraic symbols (except Greek uppercase letters) including parameters and scalar variables should be written in italics. Operators such as log, e, cos and d should be written in regular (and not in italics unlike their associated variables x and y : log x , ex, cos x , dy dx ). Note that e x should normally be used unless the exponent is a complicated function when exp(x ) is acceptable.


Coastal areas worldwide are known to be especially 'rich' in super refractive layers and waveguides that affect microwave propagation. Radiosonde data of Xiamen and Haikou in south coast in China were chosen to analysis the rule and characteristics of the troposphere duct in this paper. Based on the historical data, improved learning vector quantization neural network method (LVQ) and improved Radial Basis Function neural network method (RBF) is used to retrieving the troposphere duct. The two algorithms are presented by using the brightness temperature detected by the ground-based multi-channel microwave radiometer both in zenith and gradient angles. Feasibility of this method is demonstrated with the results by the measure data. Ground-based multi-channel microwave radiometer has been proven to be a powerful tool to sensing troposphere duct, which can perform continuous troposphere duct profiles and provide information of electromagnetism environment for the application of radar, communication and navigation systems.


Chemical analysis of the contents of a so-called bright epidermoid of the posterior fossa with unusual CT and MR imaging characteristics suggested that a combination of high protein content and high viscosity were responsible for the atypical imaging findings.


This manual was written for design engineers to enable them to choose appropriate fasteners for their designs. Subject matter includes fastener material selection, platings, lubricants, corrosion, locking methods, washers, inserts, thread types and classes, fatigue loading, and fastener torque. A section on design criteria covers the derivation of torque formulas, loads on a fastener group, combining simultaneous shear and tension loads, pullout load for tapped holes, grip length, head styles, and fastener strengths. The second half of this manual presents general guidelines and selection criteria for rivets and lockbolts.


Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology is a new detective method developed with the combination of a tunable diode laser source and a long absorption path. It has the characteristic of high sensitivity, high precision and rapid response. Based on TDLAS and high performance microcontroller (DSP), the system is developed to monitor the coal mine methane. The second harmonic detection is used to lower the detection limit further that is below 0.086 mg/m3. The results show that the intensity of second harmonic signal is in proportion to the methane concentration. It has an obvious advantage not only in sensitivity but also in stability and can achieve the real-time measurement of methane concentration. It has been used abroad for detection of methane in some industrial fields.


1. Introduction: Seven Years' Experience Jan Winiecki 2. Building Institutions in the Third Republic: Distorted Rule-Making Process Antoni Z. Kaminski, Jan Stefanowicz 3. The Financial Markets: Underdeveloped Rather than Distorted Jan Winiecki 4. The Labour Market: Distorted Rather than Underdeveloped Jan Winiecki 5. Competition and Openness under Growing Interventionist Pressure Jan Winiecki 6. Social Security System: Prospects for Changing the Pension Scheme Aleksandra Wiktorow 7. Property Rights, Private Sector, and Public Attitudes toward Institutional Change Jacek Szymanderski, Jan Winiecki 8. Literature


This guide will help students find books, articles, and websites for the course Criminal Behavior CCJ 1191. This page will show students how to access Miami Dade College's databases in order to find articles.


The most cities which their inhabitants are suffering from fluorosis, located in plain regions or margins of seas. However; there are some other cities located in high and mountainous regions with high prevalence of the fluorosis. Fluoride is not entered to the body only through drinking water, but it could also enter through food products especially teas and sea foods. The high level of fluoride in some food products, in a region, may be due to the high level of fluoride in drinking or agricultural waters and soil of the region or both. Excessive amount of fluoride in air may also cause fluorosis and this is especially true for cities that are located near Volcanoes, coal mine or Aluminum factory. Studies have shown in cities that are located in high regions and fluoride in drinking and agriculture waters is higher than normal range, severity of fluorosis is more than cities with the same level of fluoride in waters but located in lower-high areas. It seems living in high regions is caused relative hypoxia in the tissues as a result of decreased oxygen pressure; therefore there would be more fluoride retention in the tissues. The studies have shown in areas with high fluoride in waters and/or food products, the fluorosis is more prevalent in the rural regions than neighbor urban regions. It seems malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies are more prevalent in rural regions than urban regions. In the tooth formation process, nutritional deficiencies (particularly proteins, vitamins A, B deficiencies) are result in a weak enamel matrix which is more touched by high levels of fluoride consumed. In these cases, the final result is dental fluorosis with high severity.


In this paper, a discrete-time predator-prey model involving prey refuge proportional to predator density is studied. It is assumed that the rate at which prey moves to the refuge is proportional to the predator density. The fixed points, their local stability, and the existence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation are investigated. At last, the numerical simulations consisting of bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, and time-series are given to support analytical findings. The occurrence of chaotic solutions are also presented by showing the Lyapunov exponent while some parameters are varied.


The present invention relates to aqueous plating bath composition and the method for being deposited on palladium layers by chemical plating on substrate.Palladium ion source, reducing agent and aldehyde compound for palladium ion are included according to the aqueous plating bath composition of the present invention.The aqueous plating bath composition has high sedimentation rate to palladium, and maintains plating bath stability simultaneously.The aqueous plating bath composition also has the life-span of extension.The aldehyde compound of the present invention makes it possible to that sedimentation rate regulation is arrived into constant range within the plating bath life-span, and makes it possible to chemical deposition palladium layers at a lower temperature.The low chemical palladium plating bath of aldehyde compound activated deposition speed of the invention and the chemical palladium plating bath for being re-activated aging.


The objective of the study was to develop models for estimation of leaf and fruit biomasses of Faidherbia albida Delile, Prosopis africana (Guill. Perrott. and Rich.) Taub, Piliostigma reticulatum (DC.) Hochst, Bauhinia rufescens Lam. and Ziziphus mauritiana Lam in the West African Sahel. Direct evaluation of leaf and fruit biomass through destructive method was used to estimate the biomasses of fruits and leaves. Diameter at breast height and crown diameter were candidate explanatory variables and both were significant (p .0.80 other than the foregoing two exceptions. The conclusion related to the objective was that the models are well suited to estimate leaf and fruit production of the five Savannah species in the parkland ecosystem of the African Sahel with the two exceptions


Humanity has long sought the perfect painkiller and nurse prescribers can now chose from a wide analgesic armamentarium. Acute pain usually responds to simple painkillers. However, current analgesics produce adequate responses in fewer than half of patients with neuropathic pain. Often even opiates do not produce a substantial improvement. This article focuses on chronic pain, which persists for at least 6 months. Chronic pain arises from two broad causes: nociceptive and neuropathic, although some cases do not fi t into either category. Nociceptive pain, mediated by receptors, follows disease or tissue trauma. A wide variety of conditions can damage peripheral nerves or the central nervous system and, therefore, produce neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, the cause of neuropathic pain may prove elusive. So, prescribers need to take each patient's report of the severity and location of their pain at face value, even if careful examination and history-taking does not reveal an obvious cause. Current analgesics...


This paper discusses the analysis of SIF of dual materials medium(film-substrate medium).When the film-substrate medium is the absence of any elastic mismatch between the film and the substrate,the conclusion is imprecise.This author revises the primary formula.The results show that the revised formula is consistent with the primary formula for the deep crack problems.The conclusions provide references for the study of experiment and theory.


• A compressed oxygen tank is oxygen gas stored in a tank under pressure. Small tanks can be carried. • A liquid oxygen unit contains oxygen gas cooled to a very low temperature. Most tanks come with a portable unit that you can carry or pull on a cart. • A portable oxygen concentrator (POC) takes in the air around you to concentrate oxygen and give you more of it. It uses electricity from a battery or by plugging into an outlet.


We propose a method for estimating camera response functions using a probabilistic intensity similarity measure. The similarity measure represents the likelihood of two intensity observations corresponding to the same scene radiance in the presence of noise. We show that the response function and the intensity similarity measure are strongly related. Our method requires several input images of a static scene taken from the same viewing position with fixed camera parameters. Noise causes pixel values at the same pixel coordinate to vary in these images, even though they measure the same scene radiance. We use these fluctuations to estimate the response function by maximizing the intensity similarity function for all pixels. Unlike prior noise-based estimation methods, our method requires only a small number of images, so it works with digital cameras as well as video cameras. Moreover, our method does not rely on any special image processing or statistical prior models. Real-world experiments using different cameras demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.


Lyme disease (LD) is endemic to the northeastern U.S. Diagnosis in LD's early stages is difficult, and public anxiety arising from media reports has


This research aims to determine the effect of Problem Based Learning model on the student's learning outcomes in the subject matter dynamic fluid in the second half of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis T.P. 2016/2017. This research is a quasi-experimental study with two group design Pre-test and post-test design. The population of this study is all students of class XI consists of 5 classes. The research sample is drawn through a cluster random sampling technique consists of two classe, experiment class applied problem based learning, and control class applied to the direct instruction that each class numbered 33 students. The researh data was obtained using instrumentsl such as essay test of 8 questions and student activity sheets using observations made by two observers. Based on the analysis of data obtained by the average value was 24,27 pretest experiment class and control class 24,15, while the average value of experiment class 73,76 and control class 63,36. The observation of student activity were observed during three meeting, the average value of experiment class 73% in the active category and control class 58% in the less active category. The results of hypotesis testing by Veftiana Silalahi dan Sondang R Manurung, Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pokok Fluida Dinamis SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis 84 used different test (t-test) obtained that there was a significant effect on the model of problem based learning toward learning outcomes of students in the subject matter of dynamic fluid for the class of XI SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis T.P. 2016/2017.


In orbifold gauge theory and gauge-Higgs unification models, gauge anomaly flows with an Aharonov-Bohm phase $\theta_H$ in the fifth dimension. We analyze $SU(2)$ gauge theory with doublet fermions in the flat $M^4 \times (S^1/Z_2)$ spacetime and in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped space. With orbifold boundary conditions the $U(1)$ part of gauge symmetry remains unbroken at $\theta_H = 0$ and $\pi$. Chiral anomalies smoothly vary with $\theta_H$ in the RS space. Anomaly coefficients associated with this anomaly flow are expressed in terms of the values of the wave functions of gauge fields at the UV and IR branes in the RS space and parity conditions of fermion fields. Holography in anomaly flow is observed. Conditions for the anomaly cancellation turn out independent of $\theta_H$.


I am honored to participate in this special issue of the Pluralist in commemoration of the centenary of the life of Josiah Royce. As philosophers look back this year on Royce's thought and life, it is valuable to remember how Royce himself looked back upon the thoughts and lives of his philosophical predecessors. We continue to study and learn from Royce today, just as Royce studied and learned from his predecessors. Royce was a student of history and wrote an important book on the history of California1 early in his career. In this paper, we study Royce as a historian of philosophy through a close reading of his 1892 book The Spirit of Modern Philosophy in order to celebrate his achievements and to help understand Royce's view of the importance of the history of philosophy and his view of the nature of philosophy itself. Royce wrote two books on the history of philosophy. The first book, The Spirit of Modern Philosophy: An Essay in the Form of Lectures (SMP), was based upon a series of popular lectures that Royce's friends encouraged and helped to organize. The second book, the Lectures on Modern Idealism (LMI), was based on a series of scholarly lectures Royce delivered at Johns Hopkins University in 1906 under the title "Aspects of Post-Kantian Idealism." Royce's student Jacob Loewenberg edited and published the book in 1919 after Royce's death. In both books, Royce explores Kant and post-Kantian German idealism, and used his historical studies to develop his own thought. The LMI stresses the communal, social nature of Royce's own idealism, its relationship to pragmatism, and a theory of interpretation later developed in The Problem of Christianity. These features are not prominent in SMP. Limitations of space preclude me from exploring the LMI in this paper.


The effects of mixed solvents used for casting films of diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-polystyrene/polystyrene have been studied in detail at the surface of the films. The surface composition was determined over a wide range of detection depths using data from various spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS). After surveying a range of solvents, the surface segregation dependence on the solvent composition was investigated for two binary solvent mixtures, namely, toluene/chloroform and cyclohexanone/chloroform. One hundred percent surface poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coverage has been observed for the polymer blends containing 2% PDMS in bulk using the optimized cyclohexanone/chloroform mixture as solvent. Detectable amounts of polystyrene (PS) residue can be observed on surfaces for samples cast from other solvents. The PDMS-enriched ...


This study was performed to investigate the factors which impact on the health-related quality of life of young-old(65-69 yr), old-old(70-79 yr), and oldest-old(80 yr or above) women in vulnerable elderly received home care service from public health centers in B city. The data were collected from 383 elderly women using structured questionnaires from September to November, 2010. Multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 18.0 program were used to analyze the data. There were statistically significant differences among young-old, old-old, and oldest-old women regarding the health-related quality of life, life satisfaction, cognitive function, frail condition. The models including life satisfaction, frail condition, cognitive function, perceived health status, number of chronic diseases were explained variance of the health-related quality of life elderly women differently like 42.8% of young-old, 28.9% of old-old, and 31.5% of oldest-old. Finally, frail condition and life satisfaction were predictors in explaining the level of health-related quality of life among vulnerable old women regardless of age. Based on the findings of the study, health promotion programs should be developed to improve health-related quality of life of vulnerable aged women according to age differences.


After the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Securities and Exchange Commission recommended that companies voluntarily adopt disclosure committees to aid in preparing company disclosures. In this paper, I investigate the determinants and consequences of disclosure committee adoption. I find that companies with material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting and less readable 10-K filings are more likely to adopt disclosure committees. In consequences analyses, using a propensity score matched control sample and a difference-in-differences research design, I find that 10-K filings are longer and less readable after disclosure committee adoption. However, consistent with institutional theory, I do not find evidence of a reduction in information asymmetry or an increase in the informativeness of earnings following disclosure committee adoption.


The article is devoted to the urgent problem affecting etnopedagogicheskie layers Ossetiantraditional culture education, focused on the formation of a coherent personality. It trackedthe dynamics and age-specific participants in the process of education.


The inventor of the Finsen light made strides in understanding the effects of ultraviolet light in the treatment of disease.


Resistance to organophosphorous insecticides, pyrethroids, and methomyl occurred in populations of spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), from southern Ontario. Resistance to organophosphorous insecticides occurred in all populations from commerical orchards. Resistance appeared to be due to an insensitive target acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Addition of several types of synergists to azinphosmethyl solutions did not affect toxicity. Resistance to methomyl appeared to be partially due to enhanced metabolism by aliesterases and partially to reduced inhibition of AChE. Selection for methomyl resistance was separate from resistance to organophosphorous insecticides. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferases was not implicated in resistance to either organophosphorous insecticides or methomyl. With current pest control practices, management of resistance to organophosphorous insecticides is not feasible in Ontario apple orchards. Resistant populations are regularly subjected to selection pressure by organophosphorous insecticides applied for control of other orchard pests. Pyrethroid resistance has been managed by modifications in the timing of applications to coincide with a predominance of the most sensitive life stages. Use of this strategy over three seasons has not resulted in detectably higher levels of resistance. Resistance to methomyl was relatively rare compared with organophosphorous or pyrethroid resistance. Methomyl resistance could be managed by strategies similar to those used for pyrethroids, i.e., modification of spray timing to coincide with the presence of early larval stages, or by restricted use. Where use was restricted for 3 yr after resistance was detected, resistance to methomyl declined from 9-fold to approximately 4.5-fold.


Background: All general radiographic images must always display a correct permanent anatomical side marker (ASM). However, literature reports a decline in the use of permanent ASMs in digital radiography (DR). The ASM has been reported as one of the most common sources of error in radiography of which some have resulted in performing wrong-site surgery and treatment. Since the installation of a DR X-ray machine in 2015 at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) no research or audit has been conducted on this subject. Aim: This study aimed at auditing the use of ASMs in digital radiography (DR) and identifying the barriers to the use of permanent ASMs at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved a retrospective auditing of the use of ASMs in DR with a sample of 290 radiographic images. Data were collected using a checklist. The second phase was aimed at identifying the barriers to the use of permanent ASMs and suggestions to overcome them. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whilst qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Results: In the first phase, all the audited images N=290 (100.0%) had electronic (digital) ASMs and were placed on the correct anatomical side (right or left). However, no image had a permanent ASM. A total of N=45 (18.8%) images had ASMs that obscured the anatomy. In the second phase, a total of N=20 (46.0%) respondents agreed that they do not always use permanent ASMs because of a lack of ASMs, increased workload, and time-consuming. Conclusion: This study revealed the non-use of permanent ASMs by radiographers and radiography students. The purchasing of permanent ASMs and delivery of educational awareness programme is recommended as well as frequent auditing.


In a logic circuit, ' 1 ' and ' 0 ' are only Boolean symbols and actually represent two voltages A and B. In general, A and B are random variables and hence the input(s) as well as output(s) in a digital circuit are all random. In this note a statistical analysis of basic logic modules is presented. Examples are solved to illustrate the reliability evaluation of digital circuits.


were then examined for carbonized seeds and other material. Unfortunately, no contemporary carbonized seeds survived from the garden itself, while the highly calcareous condition of the garden soil meant that no pollen was preserved. However, a cesspit proved more interesting, as there was a high degree of petrification of seeds and organic materials. Particularly significant were the large numbers of olive stones and leaves preserved: also present were apricot pits and some grain seeds. A programme of phosphate analysis is also planned, to verify the degree of fertilization of the garden soils. The excavation of the undisturbed plaster falls in the loggia occupied the entire month. Preliminary cleaning of some fragments shows that we are dealing with a painted ceiling, apparendy decorated with square or rectangular panels bordered with red, and filled with designs in blue and dark purple. The backing shows that we are dealing with a camera a canne ceiling. The plaster will be conserved and studied at the University of Siena. Work for the final publication of the 1990-7 seasons is now underway, and Chris Simpson and an assistant benefitted from support from the British School at Rome to spend a month completing the small-finds report and its illustration.


A small-angle neutron scattering study of the kinetics of growth of semiconductor crystallites in a glass matrix is presented. The scattered intensity I(k) exhibits a peak at a nonzero scattering vector and decreases to zero as k goes to zero. The I(k) patterns measured at different annealing temperatures present a scaling behavior consistent with the ripening approximation. We show that I(k) is in good agreement with the predictions of a simple phenomenological model, based on local mass conservation, which describes a dilute gas of crystallites surrounded by depletion zones


In data containing heterogeneous subpopulations, classification performance benefits from incorporating the knowledge of cluster structure in the classifier. Previous methods for such combined clustering and classification either are classifierspecific and not generic, or independently perform clustering and classifier training, which may not form clusters that can potentially benefit classifier performance. The question of how to perform clustering to improve the performance of classifiers trained on the clusters has received scant attention in previous literature despite its importance in several real-world applications. In this paper, we theoretically analyze when and how clustering may help in obtaining accurate classifiers. We design a simple, efficient, and generic framework called Classification Aware Clustering (CAC), to find clusters that are well suited for being used as training datasets by classifiers for each underlying subpopulation. Our experiments on synthetic and real benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficacy of CAC over previous methods for combined clustering and classification.


Soil test crop response correlation studies help in making fertiliser prescription for desired yield of crops and such studies are crop, soil and climate specific. The soil test calibration and fertiliser prescription must be based on yield which should provide significant correlation between soil test and crop response to fertiliser. Soil testing has to be rechristened as soil quality assessment and it has to assume a holistic role not limited to guide fertiliser prescription for a crop based on soil test but also for a sustainable crop production. Nutrient availability in soil after the harvest of a crop is much influenced by International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 07 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Objective To study the relationship of mutations in the core promoter (CP) and the precore gene of hepatitis B virus ( HBV) with hepatitis B genotype,viral replication and the severity of chronic liver diseases.Methods S region,CP and precore gene were sequenced directly from sera of 44 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B and 29 patients with liver cirrhosis,after application by the polymerize chain reaction.Results CP mutations in CP(A-to-T at nt 1762 and G-to- A at nt 1764)) were observed in 21 of 44 cases of patients with CH (45.5%) and 22 of 29 cases of patients with liver cirrhosis(75.9%).There was significant difference in the prevalence of CP mutations between patients with CH and patients with liver cirrhosis.Genotypes B and C occurred in 34(46.6%)and 39(53.4%) of samples.Patients with liver cirrhosis has a higher prevalence of Genotypes C than patients with chronic hepatitis B(69.0% vs 43.2%,P0.05).Genotypes C has a higher prevalence of T1762/A1764 mutation in CP than genotype B(69.2% vs 44.1%,P0.05).Hepatitis B genotype does not significantly affect HBVDNA level.Conclusion Genotype C is significantly associated with T1762/A1764 mutation in CP and both of them are closely correlated with the development of liver cirrhosis.


THE COST OF PEDIATRIC immunization is soaring. The price of the routine five doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine has gone from around $44 to around $55—a 25% increase. The cost of the combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has gone up from $20.72 per dose last year to $27.23—a 30% increase. Part of this rise is due to price increases by manufacturers, but the main reason is that Congress has finally funded and the President signed into law the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act. The legislation levies a tax on pediatric vaccines to cover the cost of compensation for any vaccine injury. The tax took effect at the beginning of the year. The DTP vaccine carries a tax of $4.56 per dose; MMR, $4.44 per dose; diphtheria-tetanus, 6 cents per dose; and polio, 29 cents per dose. The amount of the tax is based on the estimate of the risk of