Microdevice based on metallization principle and coulometry analysis gave a potential for analyte detection (molecules, protein) in a small volume. In previous device, the structure was constructed with a liquid junction and two separated flow channels; one flow channel for the oxidation of analyte and another flow channel for metal deposition. In this work, the liquid junction was replaced with a metal junction or using a voltage source to promote the redox reactions simultaneously. These strategies give the flexibility in controlling the potentials of the electrodes during the metallization. Enhanced deposition of metal was obtained by increasing the potential difference between the solutions from the two flow channels.


In this paper we analyse the relation between the EUR/HUF exchange rate, economic fundamentals and FX market transactions. Our results are in line with international experiences: the effect of macroeconomic announcements is transmitted to the exchange rate partly directly, with an immediate change in the exchange rate, and partly indirectly, via the information revealed through the FX market transactions, triggered by the news. We found that macroeconomic news, as well as the buying/selling pressure originating from one-way transactions both affect the level of the exchange rate and volatility. Our results also show that around pre-scheduled data releases the one-way transactions move the exchange rate more than under normal circumstances. Furthermore we broadened the commonly used set of macroeconomic news, such as data on GDP, inflation etc., to include the communications of central bankers. The model including central bank communication can explain a considerable part of exchange rate changes.


The article discusses the utilization of computer modeling as a key avenue for integrating modern information technologies into the modernization of environmental impact assessment (EIA). This process aims to identify the nature, intensity, and degree of the environmental and public health effects resulting from various economic activities.
To facilitate a comprehensive examination of biodiversity, the potential for interdisciplinary integration is explored. The article also delves into the practice of employing software environments for modeling biological issues using mathematical models and investigates the incorporation of these mathematical model algorithms into computer modeling processes. The effectiveness of a range of research tasks in biology is demonstrated, forming the foundation for interdisciplinary integration between the fields of nature, mathematics, and informatics.
Verhulst's mathematical model is employed to create a computer model for reproducing ecological processes, implemented using the Python programming environment. The article justifies the proposed methodology's validity through a practical, integrated approach, emphasizing the practical application of computer modeling using mathematical models to study biological processes.


We illustrate the high signal intensity of brain abscess on echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI). Five consecutive patients (mean age 42 years, 4 men and 1 woman) with proven brain abscess were evaluated with DWI. All the DWIs were performed on a 1.5 T system, using single shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging technique with b value of 1000 s/mm2. Diffusion gradients were applied in three directions (x, y, z) simultaneously. In all patients, the signal intensity of abscess content was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. In the quantitative study, the signal intensity was measured in the central abscess content, surrounding edema, the normal white matter, and the lateral ventricle for the calculation of % contrast of abscess/edema, abscess/normal white matter, and the abscess/lateral ventricle. On the visual inspection all the abscess contents showed very bright high signal intensity, whereas surrounding edema revealed nearly isointensity with the normal white matter on DWIs. The signal intensity of abscess content ranged from 233 to 571 (mean 399), whereas that of surrounding edema ranged from 80 to 144 (mean 105), the normal white matter 82 to 115 (mean 99), and the lateral ventricle 11 to 23 (mean 16). Mean % contrasts of abscess/edema, abscess/normal white matter, and the abscess/lateral ventricle were approximately 380%, 400%, and 2,400%, respectively. Abscess content revealed bright signal intensity on DWI, presumably due to high viscosity. The DWI may be used as an adjuvant method in differentiating brain abscess from the cystic or necrotic tumors.


In the design of modern centrifugal compressor impellers, it is fundamental to account for three-dimensional effects and to use an optimization strategy that helps the designer to achieve the required objectives with the presence of constraints. In this paper, a fully three-dimensional optimization method is described that combines a CFD code and an evolutionary algorithm. The design scenario contemplated here involves the maximization of impeller peak efficiency with constraints on the impeller pressure ratio and operating range. The method is used to improve the performances of a baseline impeller of known characteristics. An optimal solution is proposed and compared to the original configuration.


This paper proposes a novel small two-stage power conditioning system(PCS) suitable for distributed generation. It comprises of a push-pull forward converter and a dual buck inverter. Traditional grid-connected inverter employs low frequency output isolation transformer. It increases weight and cost. This PCS adopts high frequency transformer, thus reducing the weight and cost. This PCS can work in standalone mode to provide power for local loads or in grid-connected mode to supply current to grid in unity power factor. This paper also analyze the transition between grid-connected and standalone mode which is rarely analyzed in other literatures. Dual buck inverter eliminates the shoot-through problem of conventional inverter and greatly improves the reliability of the system. Also by adopting half cycle modulation ,the loss of switching and conduction losses of MOSFET are reduced. TMS320F240 DSP is used to realize the digital PLL(phase locked loop) and control the operating mode of standalone or grid-connected. A 500VA prototype was built to verify the feasibility of this scheme.


In a fast paced world, organisations need to push and adapt themselves to meet global demands. Supply chain operational performance (SCOP) is a vital tool used to improve business performance. This study aims to investigate measurement, development and validation of a proposed SCOP model using structural equation modelling (SEM). It conceptualises and develops four vital dimensions of SCOP. Literature review reveals information integration (II), industry characteristics (IC), supplier initiative (SI) and supply chain collaborative advantage (SCCA). Data was collected from 306 operations and supply chain heads from the auto-sector. Results prove that II, SI, IC and SCCA were found to have positive effects on SCOP with significant second order construct relationships. The instrument will help supply chain in flexibility, cost control and improved quality.


The paper elaborates the history and developmental stages of forestry mapping in our county.It also introduces the method and procedures of the cartography based on GIS software concerning the preparatory work,data collection,editor processing,map output and etc.The introduction of matrix technique to forestry mapping has greatly improved the precision,quality and efficiency of the cartography.


Shellfish including shrimp and clams are consumed allover the world for their nutritional value, however, handling in seafood markets may challenge their safety and quality. Shellfish products in the fish markets in Suez Governorate were evaluated throughchemical analysis of total volatile basic nitrogen value, thiobarbituric acid, histamine content, and some heavy metals residues. As well as, microbiological estimation of the total aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, Escherichia coli counts, and Staphylococcus aureus counts, in addition of Salmonella detection. Results declared that more than half of the examined samples of shrimp and clams (gandofly) were fit for human consumption based on the permissible limits of the Egyptian standard. Otherwise, some gandofly samples contain high levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBA), and may cause scombroid food poisoning with elevated histamine level. The levels of cadmium, lead, and zinc in shellfish samples under study was different with the sequence: Zn>Pb>Cd. Bacteria including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were identified. The analysed samples in this study were judged as medium/good quality market samples as more than half of the examined samples were within the Egyptian standard and may indicate that trading of shellfish at Suez markets went under abuse storage temperature.


【Objective】In order to understand the properties of main characteristics in kernel oil percentage and other traits about MECs (Micro-endosperm super high oil corn.) under the state of very few endosperm. 【Method】The measurements were taken on the weight and oil percentage of kernel, the weight and oil percentage of embryo and embryo-removed kernel (ERK), and the protein content which from 24 materials in ten corn types. The different characteristics between three MECs and the other seven non- MECs were analysized.【Result】It was found that the kernel weight and ERK weight of three MECs were less, but their kernel oil percentage, ERK oil percentage and ratio of embryo weight/kernel weight were higher than the others. The order of protein content of three MECs in the ten corn types was 1, 3 and 5, respectively. The differences of the six characteristics above between three MECs and other seven non- MECs were significant (P0.01 or 0.05). At the same time, another result showed that the oil of three MECs not only existed in the embryo, but also had 6.21%-12.92% in the ERK. 【Conclusion】 There was a clearly difference between three MECs and seven non- MECs in above six characteristics. The EMCs which main product is embryo can be used by further breeding because of their unique characteristics of micro-endosperm, big embryo and high contents of oils and protein in kernels.


In this article the first results of comparison of poetics of V. Khlebnikov and A.L. Khvostenko are presented. The cases of a direct mention of the name of V. Khlebnikov in the poetic texts of A.L. Khvostenko are considered, and also cases of structural overlapping between the poetics of the authors are analyzed on the example of several poems. In conclusion of the article the reasons of the appeal of A.L. Khvostenko to the poetics of V. Khlebnikov are considered.


To clarify the relationship between the stretch properties of weft knit fabrics and their geometrical shape factors, a comparative measurement has been made of the stress-strain behaviors of such fabrics made of spun yarn and stretch yarn.Results: (1) The factors affecting the stretch of these fabrics are neither their loop-length, loop density nor the course wale ratio. None of these factors themselves affect it. Only their cover factor d/l does (d: apparent diameter of yarn; l: apparent loop length of fabrics).(2) There is one master curve measured on fabrics knit in the same construction and of the same raw yarn but of different loop lengths.Every stress-strain curve mentioned above can reach the master curve so long as it shifts along the strain-axis for the distance given by the experimental constant and cover factor.(3) It is suggested that the deformation of knit fabrics caused by extension be considered against the master curve obtained from the above shifting method in connection with its stress-strain properties, because the said behavior depends only upon the raw material and the knit construction, irrespective of the density of knitted fabrics.


The book is usefull to contestualize "Iconologia" of Cesare Ripa, one of the most important and influential handbook of allegories and symbols of Art History. It is composed of an essay concerning the main features of the book and a commentary concerning each word of the allegorical dictionary (edition of 1603). There are also five indices of the different elements of allegories (animals, objects, plants, colors, "motti").


This paper deals the integration of energy storage devices (Ultracapacitors and batteries) in wind energy applications, to absorb the short and long term fluctuations. The studied hybrid system includes a wind generator emulator, a diesel generator emulator, an Ultracapacitors module, a battery's module and a programmable electric load. The originality of this contribution is related to wind power frequency distribution between the hybrid sources by using two low pass filters. The wind's current is filtered to generate the reference values of the Ultracapacitors and battery's currents. In this paper, the proposed strategy is detailed and the converters control methods are presented. An experimental tests bench is designed in the laboratory to validate the proposed energy management strategy. The control laws are implemented in Microchip Microcontroller (PIC18F4431). The performances of the energy management are illustrated through some simulations and experimental results


The effect of packaging materials and period of storage on the quality of yaru-cassava poundo flour was studied. The composite flour was packaged using High Density Polvethylene (HOPE) and Polypropylene sack (PP) Yam flour (YF) and cassava flour (CF). were at different proportions to produce yam-cassava poundo flour. The samples were A J • 8 1• OJ, A2• 8 2, and 02. The samples were stored at ambient temperature (30 ± 2"C) and relative humidity (76 ± weeks. The samples \\ere subjected to microbiological (total plate and fungal counts), chemical (moisture. starch. amylose and sugar content). functional (bulk density. water binding capacity and pasting properties) and evaluation in terms of colour. aroma and overall acceptability at weeks interval. Results obtained showed that the total plate count OJ was the lowest x cfu/g) at the end the storage period while the total plate count A I was the highest x Icfu/g) at the end of the storage period. which was probably due to the increase in moisture content of samples (7 SO to 13.()7%). obt.uned from all other packaged samples differ significantly from DI when compared P < Bacterial specie tBacillus subtilisi and two fungal species Fusarium solanii were isolated and enumerated. Fungal counts increased in all the packaged samples moisture content increased. The lowest fungal counts x were recorded in 0,. this is significantly different P< o.OS from value recorded 111 YF PP which was the highest fungal counts obtained x Generallv. was an increase in the moisture content of packaged samples 01 recorded the lowest moisture content of which was found be within the recommended range for flour product (14%). The starch sugar contents and amylose \vere highest in OJ The density throughout the storage period with O[ having the 10\\ est bulk density value or which would facilitate easy handling of the product. Water binding capacity decreased throughout the storage period with DJ having the highest value of Pasting properties decreased as storage period increased. At the end of storage period peak (220.24RVU) and final viscosity (20SASRVU) were highest in D] are desirable properties in the final product. Data obtained from sensory evaluation showed that OJ more acceptable The findings of this study, therefore, show that yamcassa. a poundo flour from the blend of D] could be recommended for use as instant poundo flour.


A novel relief strategy for reachability analysis which can reduce the state-space problem by combining states that have similar behavior into a single aggregate state representation is proposed. The proposed method can be considered as a new encoding scheme for reducing the state explosion problem. Three algorithms are proposed to perform the validation using the aggregate states representation. The method can be used to validate protocols specified in the communicating finite-state machine (CFSM) model and the extended finite-state machine (EFSM) model. It has the same analytical power as the conventional reachability analysis but requires less time and space than the conventional method.<<ETX>>


Hypothesis: The largest perceptual influence unit (PIU) for consonant perception-identification is of larger than syllable size and at least of the size CVCVC. The PIU is defined as that number of two or more successive speech sounds which influence the perception-identification of a given sound within that sequence. Each of twenty listeners attempted to identify the centrally occurring consonant /p t k b d g f s ∫ v z / in each of 576 CVCVC nonsense utterances occurring in white noise. The vowel context included combinations of /i α u/ while the outside consonants were both either /θ/ or /m/. Results indicated that plosive and non-sibilant fricative intelligibility varied significantly as a function of trans-consonantal vowel interaction (V C V). Furthermore trans-vowel consonant influence (C V C and/or C V C) significantly affected the intelligibility of almost all of the stimulus sounds. This latter finding, considered together with the former, clearly supports the proposed hypothesis.


Introduction: Family history is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously developed a COPD risk score from genome-wide genetic markers (polygenic risk score, or PRS). Whether the PRS and family history provide complementary or redundant information for predicting COPD and related outcomes is unknown. Methods: We assessed the predictive capacity of family history and PRS on COPD and COPD-related outcomes in European ancestry subjects from the COPDGene and ECLIPSE studies. We also performed interaction and mediation analyses. Results: In COPDGene, family history and PRS were significantly associated with COPD in a single model (PFamHx = 1.6e-12; PPRS = 5.0e-92). Similar trends were seen in ECLIPSE. Area-under-the-receiver-operator-characteristic-curves (AUCs) for family history, PRS, and the combined predictors for COPD were 0.752, 0.798, and 0.803, respectively. The AUC for a model containing both family history and the PRS was significantly higher than models with PRS (p = 0.00035) or family history (p = 6.1e-29) alone. Both family history and PRS were significantly associated with BODE, SGRQ, and multiple measures of quantitative emphysema and airway thickness. There was a weakly positive interaction between family history and the PRS under the additive, but not the multiplicative scale (RERI = 0.48, p=0.04). Mediation analysis found 16.5% of the effect of family history on risk for COPD was mediated through the PRS [95% CI: 9.4%-24.3%]. Conclusion: Family history and the PRS provide complementary information for predicting COPD and related outcomes. Future studies can address the impact of obtaining both measures in clinical practice.


Abstract 4217 Orthopaedic surgical interventions pose a high risk of thrombosis (up to 50%) and require prophylactic anticoagulation. Conventionally, UFH and LMWH (enoxaparin) are used for the prophylactic anticoagulation. Both of these agents are capable of generating anti-heparin-platelet factor 4 antibodies. However, the exact prevalence with their use in elderly patients is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the generation of anti-heparin-platelet factor 4 antibodies in this population with reference to the differences between UFH and LMWH. This study was conducted as a sub-study of PK532, in which 341 patients were recruited with acute hip fracture requiring orthopaedic surgical intervention. Patients were randomized into two groups and received either UFH 5000 units BID or enoxaparin 40 mg OD. Blood samples were drawn the day prior to surgery and on post-op days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Citrated plasma samples were kept frozen at -70 degrees Celsius and were batch analyzed for the presence of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies using GTI (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and Aniara (Paris, France) methods. The sub-study was carried out on 94 patients representing 42 enoxaparin and 51 heparin anticoagulation. The prevalence of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibody was expressed in terms of antibody titer by measuring optical density in the ELISA method and by determining the positive patients using the criterions established by each kit. Of the 94 patients recruited in this study, both methods showed a progressive increase in optical density starting on post-op day 3 suggesting the generation of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies. The relative absorbance was lower in the Aniara method. Overall, across all study days, the prevalence of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies was found to be 18.09% and 10.64% in all patients using the GTI and Aniara methods, respectively. The heparin treated group showed a much higher prevalence (29.41% and 19.61% using GTI and Aniara, respectively) whereas the enoxaparin treated group exhibited a much lower prevalence (2.33% and 0% using the GTI and Aniara methods, respectively). The highest prevalence was found to be on post-op day 7. On post-op day 7, the heparin treated group exhibited 27.59% prevalence using the GTI method and 13.79% prevalence of anti-heparin platelet factor 4 antibodies using the Aniara method (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The objective of the metallurgical complex of Ukraine is the expansion and use of high-quality rolled steel in the domestic market. Purpose. Creating such a complex methodology for determining the relative amount of (spectral) limits in ferritic steels doevtektoidnyh component that will combine the advantages of two methods of evaluation atomic structure boundaries - analytical and microstructure on the one hand, and the method of backward scattered electron diffraction (EBSD) - on the other. Urgency . Using techniques can expand the methodical base materials, more reliably assess the quantitative value of ordinary and special boundaries that will specifically affect  structure and – as a result – improved performance metals and alloys with bcc lattice.


Background: Nosocomial infections are frequently caused by Klebsiella   pneumoniae. The great majority of antibiotics are no longer effective against K. pneumoniae. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce biofilms in K.   pneumoniae strains isolated from UTI patients in Iraq. Methods:  A total of 85 non-duplicate clinical samples of urine, blood, sputum, wound swabs, Catheters swab and endotracheal tubes swab of K. pneumoniae strains which were collected over the course of a year. Identification of K. pneumoniae isolate was done by analyzing colony morphology, microscopic examination, and by performing biochemical testing. Testing of antibiotics susceptibility by the CLSI Kirby–Bauer disk difusion method, and biofilm-producing by crystal violate microtiter plate method as adherence quantitative assays. Virulence tests were carried out, including: string test, haemagglutination, yeast agglutination for all samples. Results:  The majority of isolates were able to generate biofilms (78 isolates, 91.8 %).


Aristolochia bracteate Retz, family, Aristolochiaceae is a common annual herb widely distributed in India and widely used in indigenous system of medicine. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Aristolochia bracteate Retz leaves by disc diffusion method. The leaves of Aristolochia breacteate Retz were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and alcohol. The concentrated crude leaf extracts of Aristolochia bracteate Retz were tested against Bacillus subtilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Alcoholic extract showed significant antibacterial activity as compared to that of other extracts.


Based on the analysis of the relationship between ISO14000 and cleaner production,it is concluded that combined implementation of ISO14000 and cleaner production is an important approach for promoting sustainable economic development.The possible problems for implementing ISO14000 and cleaner production at present are also analyzed in the paper.


During the past few decades, the industriaVemployment structure of rural America has changed dramatically. The major causes of these changes have been technological developments which have reduced the human labor needs in the natural resources industries of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and mining. While employment in the natural resources industries has declined, the loss of these jobs has been offset by increased employment in the manufacturing and service industries. This paper explores the relationship between variations in the industrial structure of nonmetropolitan counties in the United States and several family structure variables. It was found that counties with larger proportions of their labor force employed in natural resources industries had fewer female-headed households, a larger proportion of children living in married-couple families, and higher fertility rates. In contrast, counties with high levels of employment in service and manufacturing industries had larger proportions of female-headed households, fewer children in married-couple households, and lower fertility rates. The implications of these findings are discussed.


Since 1999,selection and breeding elite varieties of Camellia oleifera was developed in Anhui Province,and achieved remarkable results.In this paper,kinds of varieties,fruit and economic characters of Camellia oleifera were summarized and analyzed,the results showed that so far to December 2011,36 elite varieties of Camellia oleifera have been selected in Anhui Province,include 31 local elite varieties and 5 introduction elite varieties.The fruit characteristics: there were red,cyan and yellow in the fruit color;and there were spherical,oval,peach shape,tip peach form,jujube type,tri-prism form,cloche form,chicken-heart shape,etc in fruit shape;there were Cold Dews seed and Hoar-frost falls seed based on fruit maturation stage.The economic characters: the average fresh seed yield,solvent extraction of oil and kernel percent of fresh fruit were 47.71%(from 65.96% to 36.02%),8.015%(from 11.56% to 5.6%) and 60.55%(from 72.6% to 43.2%) respectively.Based on the type of fruit maturation,cultivation area of elite varieties of Camellia oleifera was divided into: Cold Dews seed could be planted from eastern Anhui to northwest of Anhui.Hoar-frost falls seed could be planted in southwest of Anhui and the south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.


BACKGROUND
Machine learning (ML) is powerful tool that can identify and classify patterns from large quantities of cancer genomic data that may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers, new drug targets, and a better understanding of important cancer genes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing literature and assess the application of machine learning of genomic data in head and neck cancer (HNC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The addressed focused question was "Does machine learning of genomic data play a role in prognostic prediction of HNC?" PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature from January 1990 up to and including May 2018 were searched. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection according to eligibility criteria.

RESULTS
A total of seven studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The majority of studies were cohort studies, one a case-control study and one a randomized controlled trial. Two studies each evaluated oral cancer and laryngeal cancer, while other one study each evaluated nasopharyngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. The majority of studies employed support vector machine (SVM) as a ML technique. Among the included studies, the accuracy rates for ML techniques ranged from 56.7% to 99.4%.

CONCLUSION
Our findings showed that ML techniques for the analysis of genomic data can play a role in the prognostic prediction of HNC.


Image fusion is a process of combining a low resolution Multispectral image with the high resolution panchromatic image to obtain an output image which should be more informative than the images which have taken as input. This paper proposes the review of some image fusion methodologies like Principal Component Transform (PCT), Color Normalization Transform (CNT) and Gram Schmidt Transform (GST) to get the suitable output image. The images like Hyperion and Ikonos are taken as an input image and then the images are fused by the above transformations separately and perform the spectra comparison to classify an image with accuracy assessment.


In this paper, a detection method is proposed that is able to outperform deterministic methods in detecting events on seismograms, successfully detecting the same or more events with fewer false detections.


The volume of straight cylindrical gear is regarded as a major optimal aim ,and universal optimal mathematics model is given for gear optimization, according to a real example , this paper uses a method based on Matlab C++ to solve it .The result indicates that the method could improve optimization design efficiency and quality.


Abstract The profession of paramedic is a recent profession functioning in Poland since 1992. Over those 27 years the training, the role and responsibilities given to paramedics have undergone many changes. Initially, paramedics were trained in two-year colleges (post-secondary schools) and were not qualified to administer medical emergency treatment (medical rescue procedures) at the place of accidents. At present, they are educated at universities and are qualified to apply emergency medical treatment by themselves, inter alia to ensure the safe transport of the injured person in a life-threatening emergency, provide mental support to the injured, and carry out health education and promotion. Moreover, they are the core personnel of the State Medical Rescue System (PRM). The goal of the study was to present the history of the establishment of paramedical profession and its current role and responsibilities in the PRM.


In the present study, the prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment was assessed among 11-15 years old school children in Nagpur, India. This was a cross-sectional study that included 1050 subjects aged between 11-15 years. The demographic data of the subjects were recorded, and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs. Chi-square test, one way ANOVA and Post Hoc Scheffe's test and unpaired t test were used for statistical analysis. It was seen that 34.19% of the subjects reported with malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment. A significant age and gender difference exist among younger age group and a male inclination was noted. Our study showed crowding of anteriors, diastema and the largest irregularity in the anterior maxillary segment in males, when compared to females. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in school going children of Nagpur, Maharashtra and India was 34.19%. The outcomes of the present study will aid clinicians formulating the treatment for children.


The Ainu people,the only minority in Japan,are the first residents of the Japanese islands.Living in Hokkaido,they enjoy rich history and culture.By studying their language,this article aims at examining the development of the Ainu people and their worldview.It is significant to investigate the language and culture of the Ainu people,as it greatly contributes to our understanding of the pluralist cultures in Japan.


a century's work upon this most iilterestinc, and most obscure subject. Knowledge of the functions of different parts of the cerebrum is still very incomplete. Large areas of its surface have yielded so little to experiment that they are known as " silent areas"; of the actual working of its internal economy, the systematization of its fundamental mechanisms, we know almost nothing. Professor Pawlow contends that the problem of the functions of the cerebral hemispheres is really a problem for the experimental physiologist and no one else. Psychology, lhe says, has made little of it, for the science of psychology is still lacking in exactitude. One may add that the findings of pathology give information here that is often of great interest, but lacks the continuity and the possibility of being controlled that are essential for the study of such complicated matters. If any progress is to be made in the knowledge ofthe mental functions of the brain, it must be made, Professor Pawlow maintains, by the pure physiologist. For the last twelve years he lhas devoted himself to the experimental study of reflex action and the prime function of the nervous system that concerns the formation of new reflexes. Evolution and the adaptability of living creatures to their surrouindings demand that new reflexes should be capable of being formed, and this Professor Pawlow finds does occur. His method of experimentation is quite simple in principle. The animals upon which he works are dogs. The reflex action he studies is the secretion of saliva. The stimuli employed to provoke the reflex are various; food or a dilute acid solution


ENTERIC FEVER. ]BETWEEN the years I890-98 (inclusive) there have been treated in Charing Cross Hospital 215 cases of enteric fever, those remaining under treatment at the end of the year I898 not being counted. Of these cases, 131 were males and 84 females, the disproportion being probably due to the relative number of beds available for each sex in the hospital. Age.-The ages of the patients may be' tabulated as follows:


Let L/K be a Galois extension of number fields. The problem of counting the number of prime ideals 𝔭 of K with fixed Frobenius class in Gal(L/K) and norm satisfying a congruence condition is considered. We show that the square of the error term arising from the Chebotarev Density Theorem for this problem is small "on average". The result may be viewed as a variation on the classical Barban–Davenport–Halberstam Theorem.


The Party should not only be the pioneer of the Chinese working class, but also be the pioneer of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.The two pioneers bring up new,higher requirements on the Party's organizations and general Party members in the new situation. We have to strengthen the building the Party group in the non - state - owned enterprise and the idiological education and the construction of discipline and style of the Party members and to develop and expand the spirit of entetprise.


The Curves primitive defined in RenderMan is useful for modelling and rendering ribbonlike objects. This paper gives a simple framework for ray-curve intersection tests in ray tracing, and provides concrete details for one form of the primitive. The form is especially important for fine objects such as hair and fur.


Determining the serum anion gap (the sodium concentration minus the sum of the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations) is helpful in evaluating


Small-world networks are networks in which the graphical diameter of the network is as small as the diameter of random graphs but whose nodes are highly clustered when compared with the ones in a random graph. Examples of small-world networks abound in sociology, biology, neuroscience and physics as well as in human-made networks. This paper analyzes the average delivery time of messages in dense small-world networks constructed on a plane. Iterative equations for the average message delivery time in these networks are provided for the situation in which nodes employ a simple greedy geographic routing algorithm. It is shown that two network nodes communicate with each other only through their short-range contacts, and that the average message delivery time rises linearly if the separation between them is small. On the other hand, if their separation increases, the average message delivery time rapidly saturates to a constant value and stays almost the same for all large values of their separation.


Reflection coefficient of underwater materials can be calculate by measuring impedance above the sample. some techniques which measure reflection coefficient are based on the sound pressure. This paper introduces a method for measuring reflection coefficient with vector hydrophone which can measure the instantaneous sound pressure and sound particle velocity. Then the reflection coefficient can be calculated by impedance which is acquired by sound pressure and particle velocity. Some simulations and experiments in this paper show that the method with vector hydrophone have a good performance in measuring reflection coefficient, the minimum error is 0.006. It prove that the method is effective both in vertical and oblique incidence, handy in practice.


Summary A new closed-circuit apparatus has been described which continuously records oxygen consumption over periods of several days with automatic correction for changes in barometric pressure. The equipment is sensitive to less than 0.01 ml of oxygen per hour and can measure oxygen consumption over a wide range.


Standard methods were used to assess the effectiveness of 101 products for use against oil slicks. Products were emulsifiers, agglomerants or precipitants and were tested against oil from Edjele, Kuwait and Syria. For each kind of product, a review is given of the previous tests, the choice of methods is discussed, the methodology is described, and results are presented and interpreted. In addition, the relationship between physical properties and effectiveness is discussed, with graphical examples and the advantages and disadvantages are indicated. It is concluded that at present no 'miracle' product exists for use in this field. Agglomerating powders would be ideal were it not for problems in putting them to use, and, wind because of the need to use them as very fine powders. Emulsifiers are the most easily used, in the most varied circumstances, but their eventual toxicity remains a problem.


For great back-radiation and low gain in the main-direction of traditional vivaldi antenna,the article proposes a method for the improvement and optimization of antenna structure by adding slots on the metal patch.By this method,the current can be forced to gather up along the taper-slot to improve the antenna radiation property.The gain of 350 MHz is 5.7 dBi while the gain of 830 MHz is 8.7 dBi.Vivaldi antenna is measured by Network Analyzer.The impedance bandwidth of measured data is covered from 310 to 1 300 MHz,which is consistent with the simulated data.


Summary PAH uptake by dog and sheep kidney cortex and medulla was studied in vitro with simultaneous determinations of the inulin space. Dog and sheep kidney cortex slices concentrated PAH within a calculated intracellular fluid space. Under similar conditions medullary slices from both the species were incapable of concentrating PAH within the intracellular fluid. Sheep but not dog kidney cortex slices formed a conjugate (presumably PAAH) which was preferentially concentrated and may have competitively inhibited the uptake and/or concentration of free PAH.


Despite improvements in front-line therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treatment after relapse remains a critical challenge. Examination of outcome after relapse in a large, recently treated, and unselected population provides a useful benchmark for evaluating new approaches. Survival after relapse was tracked on Children's Cancer Group (CCG) ALL trials. Relapses were categorized by site (isolated or combined bone marrow relapse (MR); isolated central nervous system relapse (CNSR); isolated testicular relapse (TR)), and time from diagnosis to relapse (early 36 months). We examined the impact of age, sex, ethnicity, initial risk assignment (standard risk (SR) or higher risk (HR)), immunophenotype, length of first remission (CR1), and site of relapse on outcome in multivariate analyses. A total of 9,585 infants, children, and adolescents with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia were enrolled on CCG trials conducted between 1988 and 2002. We examined survival after relapse for 1,874 children with MR, CNSR, or TR. Overall survival for any bone marrow relapse was best for late MR and worst for early MR. Early MR was linked to HR presenting features and T-cell disease. Survival after intermediate or late MR was superior for SR patients (p Importantly, in the same multivariate analysis, patients treated on more contemporary trials (CCG1952CCG1953CCG1961, and 1962) had inferior survival rates after relapse when compared to patients treated on earlier trials (CCG 1881CCG 1882CCG 1883CCG 1891CCG 1901, and 1922) (p


The Permian Maokou Formation in southern China is taken as regional source rocks.Both the bottom and the top layers of Maokou Formation at the Shangsi section in Guangyuan,Northwest Sichuan developed siliceous rocks,however,only the top layer is taken as excellent source rocks with a thickness of 16 m and the maxium residual organic carbon of 10.90%.Based on the analysis of petrology,carbon isotopes and trace elements,it suggests the existence of upwelling in both the Wordian and Capitanian periods.Nutrient elements brought by upwelling are beneficial to form high primary productivity.The paleo-oceanic phytoplankton growth rate became from high to low and finally to high which coincided with the changes of atmospheric pCO2.The lower Maokou Formation with high primary productivity is poor source rock.The reason is that normoxic environment during the deposition and earlier diagenesis stages of the lower Maokou Formation went against the conservation of organic matter.While the upper Maokou Formation with high primary productivity is taken as excellent source rocks,as a great transgression event during Late Maokou period result in the occurrence of anaerobic environment which led to the formation of excellent source rock layer.The study on the controlling factors in the formation of excellent source rocks in the Maokou Formation is the base of distribution prediction of marine excellent source rocks and hydrocarbon reservoirs prediction in southern China.


Gasohol, a mixture of 90 percent unleaded gasoline and 10 percent anhydrous alcohol, has become commercially viable as a motor fuel because of Federal and State subsidies and high prices for petroleum. Significant alcohol production using corn as a feedstock would lead to higher corn production and prices and somewhat lower soybean production and prices. The impact on the U.S. balance of trade would be negligible at current petroleum and commodity prices. High levels of corn use in alcohol production could reduce stocks substantially, and thereby destabilize corn, livestock, and food prices.


The existence of positive solutions for the third-order m-point boundary value problem {u(t)+h(t)f(u)=0,u(0)=u′(0)=0,u′(1)=∑m-2 i=1βiu′(ηi),is considered under some conditions concerning the first eigenvalue of the relevant linear operator,where ηi∈(0,1),0η1η2…ηm-21,βi∈ with ∑m-2 i=1βiηi1,h(t) is allowed to be singular at t=0 and t=1.The existence of positive solutions is obtained by means of fixed point index theory.


The present paper proposes a method to generate realistic turbulent inflow for floating wind turbine simulations, where the inflow generated is corresponding to the far-wake behind a floating turbine, around 8D downstream. The paper is overall well written, clear, short but explains sufficiently the aim of the study and the content is quite convincing. The work done is novel as it combines experimental approach to generate realistic inflow conditions for floating wind simulations based on stochastic method. The paper is well suited to be published in the Wind Energy Science journal. However, certain aspects should be revised and some parts be enhanced in order to improve the quality of the manuscript. These are detailed hereafter


Chemical investigation of the extract of Dendronephthya hemprichi, collected from the Red Sea, Egypt, delivered dendrophen (1), the first 3β -acetoxy-glycyrrhetyl amino acid conjugate obtained from nature. Additionally, a new polyhydroxy sterol, dendrotriol (2), together with cholesterol and hexitol were isolated. Chromatographic separation of the low-polarity components of the D. hemprichi extract afforded 4-oxo-pentanoic acid, 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl ester (3), juniper camphor (4), and 2-octadecanone. The structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR studies and mass spectrometry. Graphical Abstract Dendrophen, a Novel Glycyrrhetyl Amino Acid from Dendronephthya hemprichi


The problem of scale is well-known in science, as selection of the appropriate scale is critical to the success of analyses/descriptions. The world is inherently organized in a scale hierarchy where major structures provide the reference for small scale structures. An example from everyday life is the organization of space in the world: countries, cities, houses, rooms, furniture, parts, molecules, etc. For the description of a particular phenomenon it is essential that the appropriate reference frame is chosen, for example, it typically makes little sense to describe where your desk is with respect to the country you live in, while it makes a lot of sense to describe where it is situated in your office.


Pyrogenic carbon constitutes a significant portion of organic carbon in soils of the planet, and in some soils its share raises to 30%. The charcoal-rich archives of forest paleofires are often localized in the geomorphological traps that reveal numerous profiles of pyrogenic soils buried due to the repeated post-fire episodes of erosion and accumulation. The paleokarst and active karst landscapes provide a unique matrix that records pyrogenic and depositional events of the past at the local scale. Polypyrocyclical Podzols of the karst landscapes at the north of the Arkhangelsk region (Russia) are the objects of this study. The fields of closed karst funnels (n x 10 m in diameter, 1–5 m elevation difference) demonstrate accumulative and denudation models of soil formation that are realized at the close distance with the pyrogenic soil archives of the bottoms, slopes and high flat sides of the funnels complementary to each other. This regular grid of archives contains information on pyrogenic events and stages of soil formation throughout the Holocene. We report and discuss here 42 radiocarbon dates (AMS) obtained both for the charcoal material and the total organic carbon (TOC) of the soil organic matter. The 14C age (conventional) of charcoal from the lowest horizons was as old as 9115±30 BP 8770±30 BP, and the charcoal material of the top pyrogenic horizons was as young as 325±20 BP 45±20 BP. The 14C age of the soil TOC was in general younger than the age of charcoal enclosed in this soil material. We combine the study of soil horizons morphology and stratigraphy with the set of 14C data to experiment with the several age-depth models explaining post-pyrogenic sedimentation rates on various geomorphological elements of the karst landscape. This study is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 19-29-05238.


Background: The emergence of array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) as a diagnostic tool in molecular genetics has facilitated recognition of microdeletions and microduplications as risk factors for both generalised and focal epilepsies. Furthermore, there is evidence that some microdeletions/ duplications, such as the 15q13.3 deletion predispose to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including intellectual disability (ID), autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. We hypothesised that array CGH would reveal relevant findings in an adult patient group with epilepsy and complex phenotypes. Methods: 82 patients (54 from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and 28 from King's College Hospital) with drug-resistant epilepsy and co-morbidities had array CGH. Separate clinicians ordered array CGH and separate platforms were used at the two sites. Results: In the two independent groups we identified copy number variants judged to be of pathogenic significance in 13.5% (7/52) and 20% (5/25) respectively, noting that slightly different selection criteria were used, giving an overall yield of 15.6%. Sixty-nine variants of unknown significance were also identified in the group from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and 5 from the King's College Hospital patient group. Conclusion: We conclude that array CGH be considered an important investigation in adults with complicated epilepsy and, at least at present for selected patients, should join the diagnostic repertoire of clinical history and examination, neuroimaging, electroencephalography and other indicated investigations in generating a more complete formulation of an individual's epilepsy. 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


Abstract To assess the effect of dietary supplement levels of chromium-yeast (Cr-yeast) on growth performance, blood glucose and triglycerides, fatty acid (FA) profile in intramuscular fat, carcase and meat traits, iron, copper, chromium and zinc concentrations in liver and bone, 24 Rambouillet male lambs (29.2 ± 0.17 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to four diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Cr/kg DM. The growth performance trial lasted 49 d. Supplemental Cr-yeast did not affect growth performance and carcase characteristics (p > .05), but reduced (p < .05) perirenal and intramuscular fat, as well as 3 h post-feeding blood glucose and triglycerides concentration. In liver, Fe and Cu concentration decreased (p < .05), while Cr concentrations in liver increased with increasing Cr-yeast dietary levels. In bone, Fe decreased (p < .05) as Cr-yeast dietary levels increasing, and Cr-yeast supplementation increased Cr concentrations (p < .05). As Cr-yeast dietary level increased, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) SFA decreased linearly (p < .05), while palmitoleic (C16:1n-7), vaccenic (C18:1n-7), linoleic (C18:2n-6) and arachidic (C20:4) unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) increased linearly (p < .01). In conclusion, Cr-yeast did not affect growth performance and carcase quality, but decreased the perirenal and intramuscular fat, blood glucose and triglyceride content, and Fe and Cu concentrations in liver as increased Cr-yeast levels in the diet. Because supplemental Cr-yeast improved index of atherogenicity and unsaturated to saturated FA ratio in muscle of lambs, it could be of human nutritional interest. HIGHLIGHTS Cr-yeast supplementation reduced blood glucose and triglyceride concentration. In liver, Fe and Cu content decreased while Cr increased with increasing Cr-yeast dietary levels. Cr-yeast modified the FA profile of human nutritional interest and improved the unsaturated to saturated FA ratio in intramuscular fat.


Data is a valued asset and its security is essential for any enterprise and organization. This paper introduces Trusted Data Processing (TDP) and addresses three fundamental questions in TDP: 1) what are the essential requirements to achieve TDP? 2) what security mechanisms and safeguards are available to ensure TDP? 3) how to integrate TDP to practice? Based on the attacks targeting at data assets and their consequences, the requirements to achieve TDP, including data security, data privacy, accountability, transparency, distributed computing, and trusted elements, are identified. Available security mechanisms and safeguards to ensure TDP are discussed. This paper also summarizes the challenges to achieve TDP and provides a practical guidance to achieve TDP through the integration with NIST Cybersecurity Framework.


In this paper it is defined the concept of strongly prime fuzzy ideal for noncommutative rings. Also, it is proved that the Zadeh's extension preserves strongly fuzzy primeness and that every strongly prime fuzzy ideal is a prime fuzzy ideal as well as every fuzzy maximal is a strongly prime fuzzy ideal.


A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay(LAMP) for rapid and accurate detection of canine parvovirus(CPV) was developed using specific primers derived from VP2 gene of CPV. The assay was specific for CPV and did not amplify any PCR product from porcine parvovirus,gosling plague virus,canine distemper virus. It was highly sensitive and had a detection limit of 2 to 3 DNA copies. The LAMP assay was simple and more convenient than PCR method,which could provide a useful technique for CPV clinic sample detection.


AbstractA recently developed object identification algorithm is applied to multisensor precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42) to detect and quantify the contribution of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) to total precipitation between 1998 and 2008. The study period includes 1144 storms. Estimates of TCP derived here are similar in pattern and seasonal variation to earlier estimates but are somewhat higher in magnitude. Annual-mean TCP fractions of over 20% are diagnosed over large swaths of tropical ocean, with seasonal means in some regions of more than 50%. Interannual variability of TCP is examined, and a small but significant downward trend in global TCP from 1998 to 2008 is found, consistent with results from independent studies examining accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). Relationships between annual-mean ACE and TCP in each major tropical cyclone basin are examined. High correlations are found in almost every basin, although different linear relationships...


The mechanism of Kdo8P synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the unusual condensation of d-arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P) with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form Kdo8P, remains a fascinating subject for bioorganic research. This paper describes the synthesis of two intramolecular models (1 and 2) bearing an enolpyruvate moiety at C-3 of the arabinose fraction. This means that their open-chain aldehyde forms closely mimic the proposed situation, whereby two substrates A5P and PEP evolve into a ternary complex with the synthase. Examination of 1 (in organic solvent) and 2 (in a water solution) under Lewis acid conditions establishes that they both undergo highly stereospecific intramolecular condensation of the enolpyruvate double bond with the carbonyl of sugar. This results in the required Kdo structure possessing the desired stereochemistry. Mechanistic studies suggest that the observed intramolecular condensation process takes place via a stepwise mechanism involving the formation of a transient oxocarbenium ...


Received: 18 July 2010 Abstract Accepted: 1 September 2010 The paper presents the concepts and the basic structure of decision support system in the form of an additional layer of an ERP system. Any decision can be interpreted as a response to the properly formulated question that meets the existing constraints. Novel mechanism was introduced to the automatic generation of questions in the form of CLP (Constraint Logic Programming) predicates or MIP (Mixed Integer Programming) models. As an illustrative example, the optimization problem of allocation of pallets in distribution center has been presented.


Dobnig H et al. (Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria). Recovery from severe osteoporosis following cure from ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by an appendix carcinoid (Case report). J Intern Med 1996; 239: 365–9.


Nowadays peoples are suffered from breathing problems. The diseases which include various ailments in the form of sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. These diseases are the main cause of hospitalization for elder people. People who have suffered from chronic diseases are needed to repeatedly monitor the vital signs periodically. The vital signs are the basic measurements of body functions. The vital signs of our body are heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood glucose level. The respiratory rate monitor is one of the important vital signs which is useful for patient's who admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The respiratory rate is calculated by using LM35 temperature sensor and monitored the patient's respiration continuously based on voltage value of inhaled and exhaled air. NRF24l01 is used to transmit the sensor data from home to medical center. Then the data are published in a webserver using Ethernet to know the patient's status which is useful for doctor. And also the data is displayed in a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Once the threshold is reached, the alarm is generated and also a message generated in a webpage. Thereby doctor or medical professionals know the patient's conditions without delay. By using data mining techniques, people may know their condition without medical professionals help.


This paper deals with the design and analysis of a mechanism for a wheelchair which is propelled using the lever with our hands. The mechanism is placed on both sides of the wheelchair and is actuated independently with a lever on each side. The lever which is pivoted about an axis to the sides with help of bearing has to be pushed and pulled continuously to propel the wheelchair. Two sprockets and the lever of the mechanism are constrained to rotate together mounted over a bearing attached to the frame of the wheelchair on both sides. These two sprockets are each meshed with a freewheel which is coaxially placed with the axis of rotation of wheels of the wheelchair through cycle chains. One of the sprocket and freewheel on both sides is meshed in cross-over chain configuration. This enables the wheelchair to propel forward in both push and pull strokes of the lever.


Compared with the popular narration theory, the Chinese theory of portraying person, which is based on traditional culture, can form a independent system and show theme transform in different historical conditions. As the initial core concept, the theory about the relation of shape and spirit, which is based on the theory of drawing, establishes the theory foundation that successors discussing the effect of portraying person by frequently using drawing terms such as "like drawing", "lifelike", "so vividly described that you seem to see and hear the person" and so on. The Chinese portraying person theory becomes independent through the period of the Jin Sheng-tan′s character theory and is enriched by Zhang Zhu-po, Mao Zong-gang and Zhi Yan-zhai afterwards.The typical character theory is popular in the interchange of Chinese and foreign culture in the 20th century. This not only completes the elaboration of the word of portraying person in local process, but also sticks out "capital person" one-sidedly under intervene of political power. Portraying person theory forms pluralistic tendency having no theme in new period. The viewpoint that "multi-level cultural identity"and "minuscule person"is advocated vigorously. This shows that there occurs unprecendented change in the theory. "Portraying spirit through portraying shape"is the train links up ancient to present in the historical logic organization which Chinese portraying person theory evolutes gradually.


The plasticity and hardness of metals are largely dependent on how dislocation interacts with solute atoms. Here, taking bcc molybdenum (Mo) as the example, the interaction of interstitial solutes carbon (C) and oxygen (O) with screw dislocation, and their influences on the dislocation motion, have been determined using first-principles calculations and thermodynamic models. Due to the incompact atomic structure and variation of electronic states in the dislocation core, C and O will segregate from the bulk system to the dislocation region. Notably, the presence of C/O at the dislocation induces the reconstruction of the core structure, from an easy-core to hard-core configuration. This originates from the fact that the hard-core structure provides a larger available volume at the interstitial site than the easy-core structure and, thus, facilitates the dissolution of C and O. More importantly, the addition of C/O in the dislocation significantly increases the Peierls stresses and double-kink formation enthalpies of screw dislocation in Mo, from 1.91 GPa and 1.18 eV for C/O-free dislocation to 5.63/4.69 GPa and 1.77/1.58 eV for C/O-saturated dislocation. Therefore, these interstitial solutes have a pinning effect on the dislocation motion, and this effect becomes stronger with higher segregating levels. This work reveals the profound effect of interstitial solutes on the properties of the dislocation core and provides a fundamental factor to account for the interstitial solutes-related phenomena in bcc metals.


The heat decomposition rate of guanosine-5'-monophosphate was investigated in pH range from 5.52 to 7.00, and 0.1 of the ionic strength. The result showed that the rate was a first-order reaction and the rate of guanosine-5'-monophosphate loss was maximum near . The loss of guanosine-5'-monophosphate was temperature dependent and followed to the Arrhenius equation in the temperature region from to . The rate constant as function of temperature ( to ) and neutral pH(, 6.0, to 7.0) was correlated by least-square fit of the experimental data;


Ozone can be found in essentially all locations in the troposphere. Too much exposure of vegetation and humans to this potent oxidizing gas can prove toxic. Reports of human toxicity to ozone first appeared in the 1800's from accidental occupational exposures when ozone was first discovered. Ozone was recognized as damaging field vegetation with a report of altered leaf morphology in grapes in the 1950s. Ozone is the major oxidant component in photochemical smog, and is produced by reactions of volatile organic compounds and oxides of nitrogen with sunlight present. Soon after the inception of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the Agency set a general "oxidants" standard (which included ozone) in 1971. A primary standard was created to protect human health and a secondary standard to protect against agricultural losses, ecological damage, and other losses. Ozone concentrations have decreased steadily over the last two decades in some areas of the U.S., but have increased in other areas. Several aspects of ozone exposure need further characterization, including better determination of rural concentrations and the relationship of outdoor to indoor concentrations. Ozone is one of the six criteria air pollutants requiring a formal reexamination of the new findings of effects on health and vegetation on a periodic basis, a process that leads to the publication of an US EPA criteria document. As a result of further study concerning ozone effects, significant changes were made to pollution standards in 1979 and 1997. This toxicant has remained a major air pollutant of concern in the U.S. despite regulation and intense study over several decades.


Dielectric reflectors that are periodic in one or two dimensions, also known as 1D and 2D photonic crystals, have been widely studied for many potential applications due to the presence of wavelength-tunable photonic bandgaps. However, the unique optical behavior of photonic crystals is based on theoretical models of perfect analogues. Little is known about the practical effects of dielectric imperfections on their technologically useful optical properties. In order to address this issue, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code is employed to study the effect of three specific dielectric imperfections in 1D and 2D photonic crystals. The first imperfection investigated is dielectric interfacial roughness in quarter-wave tuned 1D photonic crystals at normal incidence. This study reveals that the reflectivity of some roughened photonic crystal configurations can change up to 50% at the center of the bandgap for RMS roughness values around 20% of the characteristic periodicity of the crystal. However, this reflectivity change can be mitigated by increasing the index contrast and/or the number of bilayers in the crystal. In order to explain these results, the homogenization approximation, which is usually applied to single rough surfaces, is applied to the quarter-wave stacks. The results of the homogenization approximation match the FDTD results more » extremely well, suggesting that the main role of the roughness features is to grade the refractive index profile of the interfaces in the photonic crystal rather than diffusely scatter the incoming light. This result also implies that the amount of incoherent reflection from the roughened quarterwave stacks is extremely small. This is confirmed through direct extraction of the amount of incoherent power from the FDTD calculations. Further FDTD studies are done on the entire normal incidence bandgap of roughened 1D photonic crystals. These results reveal a narrowing and red-shifting of the normal incidence bandgap with increasing RMS roughness. Again, the homogenization approximation is able to predict these results. The problem of surface scratches on 1D photonic crystals is also addressed. Although the reflectivity decreases are lower in this study, up to a 15% change in reflectivity is observed in certain scratched photonic crystal structures. However, this reflectivity change can be significantly decreased by adding a low index protective coating to the surface of the photonic crystal. Again, application of homogenization theory to these structures confirms its predictive power for this type of imperfection as well. Additionally, the problem of a circular pores in 2D photonic crystals is investigated, showing that almost a 50% change in reflectivity can occur for some structures. Furthermore, this study reveals trends that are consistent with the 1D simulations: parameter changes that increase the absolute reflectivity of the photonic crystal will also increase its tolerance to structural imperfections. Finally, experimental reflectance spectra from roughened 1D photonic crystals are compared to the results predicted computationally in this thesis. Both the computed and experimental spectra correlate favorably, validating the findings presented herein. « less


This paper presents a MATLAB-based symbolic sensitivity analysis of second-order IIR digital filters. The sensitivity matrix of the pole displacement is derived in a symbolic form using the Symbolic Toolbox of MATLAB, and the symbolic expressions for various structures are presented. From the sensitivity matrix the variations of pole radius and angle are derived as a function of changes of the parameters of the denominator polynomial and the filter coefficients. In addition, a new second-order structure has been introduced and its pole sensitivities are compared with that of other known structures using the proposed sensitivity analysis.


Tunnelling is examined from the point of view of analytic continuation of Lagrangian manifolds. This enables an intrinsically multidimensional approach to many problems. We illustrate the ideas by computing energy splittings between congruent tori in a number of integrable systems. The examples include an integrable but non-separable system which cannot be solved by reduction to one-dimensional systems. The calculations can all be viewed in a geometrical way that does not make explicit use of separation of coordinates.


This article explores the role of informal learning from television as it is anchored within the ordinariness of daily life. It examines the consequences for pedagogy and civic engagement, questioning how informal learning from television can enhance civic engagement. For many, this learning was localised through personalised and interpersonal relations of everyday life. Learning was not viewed as a distant institutional force but as an embedded part of an ordinary life. The invoking of ordinariness rendered the relationship between learning and civic engagement unproblematic. Learning was localised in subjective terms for self‐identity and interpersonal relations rather than critically reflecting on the power structures of everyday life.


This bibliography contains a list of reference articles and books that deals with the study of women in China from earliest times to the present. The entries are arranged in alphabetical order.Keywords: China; women


rewarming process to see the heart begin to contract and continue the circulation, the patient returning to normal within a matter of minutes following the operation, a patient who, judged by our old standards, had apparently been dead for up to one hour. Yet this is exactly what happens, and many chronic invalids owe to these procedures not only restoration to almost normality but also prolongation of life.


Issue 42 describes a new addition to the museum's refractometer collection – a circa 1920 Zeiss butter refractometer – and its historical importance as a means for rapidly differentiating between pure butter and margarine,


Rocky desertification (RD) is the process of land degradation characterized by soil erosion and bedrock exposure. It is one of the most serious land degradation problems in Karst areas especially in western Guangxi of southwest China, which is usually regarded as an obstacle to the local sustainable development. Recent investigations suggest that the RD is mainly caused by direct human activities, but some researchers also take account the climate change into a key factor of RD (e.g., Yao et al., 2001; Jing et al., 2003; Liao et al., 2004; Hu et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Xiong et al., 2008). Most areas in the western part of Guangxi Province belong to the Karst region. Similar to the other Karst areas in the southwest China, the geological environment is fragile and sensitive, with a high density of population but a low degree economic development. These aspects make the environment degraded quickly. RD is one of the most serious weaknesses of sustainable development in western Guangxi of southwest China. The investigation of the RD and its change monitoring are very significant and also necessarily meaningful. In Guangxi, the area of Karst regions is about 89,500 km2, which takes up 37.8% of the total area of Guangxi Province. Among them, the exposed surface of the Karst area is about 78,800 km2, at 88% of the total Karst area in Guangxi. In the past few decades, due to deforestation, over cutting and grazing, the forest in the mountains was severely damaged, which led to serious soil erosion. According to the recent survey, the RD land is more than 233×104 hm2, about 10% of the total area of Guangxi; the potential RD land area is more than 186×104 hm2, about 8% of the total area. The RD land is mainly distributed in the middle of Guangxi: Red River Basin, Liujiang Basin; and western Guangxi: Left, Right River Basin; northeast of Guangxi: the two sides of middle and lower reaches of Li River. There are 32 counties (cities, districts), and Karst areas take up more than 60% of the administrative areas. The typical characteristics of RD areas are lack of soil, water, food and fuel with a lower economic level. 28 counties are designated to be poor ones, and 23 of them


This informative little book, which is a part of the Progress in Psychiatry Series , admirably accomplishes the task of the series, which was designed to present "timely new information in specific fields of interest as they are developing." The introduction gives a comprehensive, well-documented overview of current approaches to the prediction of violence. The multifaceted nature of violence is highlighted. It is emphasized that a reductionistic approach to the prediction of violence is not feasible, as trait (eg, age, gender, neurological competence), state (active mental illness, intoxication), and situational (over-crowding, victim behavior) predictors may all need to be considered for greater prediction accuracy. By limiting predictions to shorter periods and to a specific setting, it is likely that the psychiatrist's ability to predict violence accurately will increase. Chapter 1 presents a very clear, concise model for assessing a patient's short-term potential for violence. The suggestions on how to evaluate a


We analyze the existence of a parameterized stationary solution $z(\lambda,z_0)=\big(x(\lambda,z_0), p(\lambda,z_0),\,u(\lambda,z_0)\big)\in D\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{2n+1},\,\lambda\in B(0,a)\subseteq\mathop{\prod}\limits_{i=1}^{m}[-a_i,a_i]$, associated with a nonlinear first order PDE, $H_0(x,p(x),u(x))=\hbox{constant}\,\,(p(x)=\partial_x u(x))$ relying on (a) first integral $H\in\mathcal{C}^\infty\big(B(z_0,2\rho)\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{2n+1}\big)$ and the corresponding Lie algebra of characteristic fields is of the finite type; (b) gradient system in a Lie algebra finitely generated over orbits $(f.g.o;z_0)$ starting from $z_0\in D$ and their nonsingular algebraic representation.


Pricing policy of intra-group transactions can have significant effects on competitive advantage and profitability in terms of fiscal costs of companies with international activity. The trend in transfer pricing developments in many countries reveals a growing interest of the national tax authorities towards transfer pricing, which is one of the main areas of tax investigation. The paper deals with issues of increasing interest of companies to transfer pricing, and tax measures taken by the authorities towards the regulatory framework for transfer pricing. In this context, are presented aspects about transfer pricing, the implications of their use, specific legal rules and procedures applicable in Romania.


Kilometer-scale climate model simulations are a useful tool to investigate past and future changes in extreme precipitation, particularly in mountain regions, where convection is influenced by complex topography and land-atmosphere interactions. In this study, we evaluate simulations of a flood-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) downstream of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the Sichuan Basin from a kilometer-scale multi-model and multi-physics ensemble. The aim is to better understand the physical processes that need to be correctly simulated for successfully capturing downstream MCS formation. We assess how the ensemble members simulate these processes and how sensitive the simulations are to different model configurations. The preceding vortex evolution over the TP, its interaction with the jet stream, and water vapor advection into the basin are identified as key processes for the MCS formation. Most modeling systems struggle to capture the interaction between the vortex and jet stream, and perturbing the model physics has little impact while constraining the large-scale flow by spectral nudging improves the simulation. This suggests that an accurate representation of the large-scale forcing is crucial to correctly simulate the MCS and associated precipitation. To verify whether the identified shortcomings systematically affect the MCS climatology in longer-term simulations, we evaluate a 1-year WRF simulation and find that the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of MCSs are reasonably well captured and not improved by spectral nudging. While the simulations of the MCS case highlight challenges in extreme precipitation forecasting, we conclude that these challenges do not systematically affect simulated climatological MCS characteristics.


This paper deals with the identification of thawed/frozen soils in the topsoil layer for three stations in Russia: Salekhard, Tiksi and Norilsk by using Sentinel 1B C-band radar data for the period of 2017–2018. The determining of the frozen/thawed soil state is carried out in three ways: 1) by multi-temporal radar data on the basis of a significant in 3–5 dB the backscatter coefficient difference in the transition to freezing/thawing soil state, 2) by finding the threshold value of the backscatter coefficient at which the temperature in the topsoil layer falls below 00C, 3) by texture features.


In recent years there has been considerable discussion concerning the biostratigraphic correlations between planktonic zonations and the classical Neogene California benthic foraminiferal stages. One of the primary objectives of IPOD Leg 63 was to investigate these correlations and to determine the possibility of temporal variation of the benthic stages between California land sections and the outer Continental Borderland. In addition, it was anticipated that analyses of the benthic foraminiferal faunas at Site 468 would provide critical information on the paleoenvironmental history of the outer borderland. The provincial benthic Neogene foraminiferal stages were established by Kleinpell (1938) for the Miocene and Natland (1952) for the Pliocene-Pleistocene; both are well-documented in designated type sections. These stages have been used for interbasinal correlations, although time-transgressive problems have been suggested by several authors (Bandy, 1971; Ingle, 1967, 1973; Crouch and Bukry, 1979). An important biostratigraphic sequence occurs at Site 468, significant because of its relatively shallow depth of approximately 1700 meters (Fig. 1). The samples yield well-preserved benthic foraminiferal faunas throughout most of the Neogene sequence and are accompanied by abundant well-preserved calcareous and siliceous planktonic assemblages. It is this co-occurrence of both planktonic and benthic faunas that enables the correlation of outer continental margin sediments with those of the classical land-based sections of southern California.


The synthesis and reactivity of cyclam
(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) in which the donor atoms were
amino–amido or exclusively amido groups with
ZrCl
 4
(thf)
 2

(thf = tetrahydrofuran) are described.


Bauxite is a mineral that can be found below the sub soil. Mining is a method to obtain the bauxite but mining can cause changing topography, soil fertility and also soil structure. A study was conducted in rain shelter at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Jasin Campus, Melaka for 3 months to investigate the effect of organic soil amendments on ex mining soil in reducing the iron and aluminium element, increase other macro elements and evaluate the growth performance of oil palm seedlings growing in ex mining bauxite land as planting medium. The soil was collected from ex-mining bauxite areas located at Kuantan, Pahang. The oil palm variety used was GH 500 that come from cross pollination between Elite Deli Dura and second generation of Psifera (BM 119). This research was arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments. The treatments were (0) 100% soil, (1) soil and empty fruit bunches (EFB), (2) soil and goat manure, (3) soil and chicken manure, (4) soil and cow manure. The seedlings were supplied with water by using fertigation system for 10 minutes, twice per day. The data was collected once a month for 3 months. The results showed that the medium of (1) empty fruit bunch (EFB) was the best medium as it indicated highest results for most parameters observed in the study. Medium containing ex-mining bauxite soil mixed with empty fruit bunch showed the ability to reduce iron and aluminium element, increase other macro element and better seedling growth performance as indicated by the greater number of leaf and plant height.


Human nature from the creator's point of view is a very perfect creature because it is equipped with a different mind from other creatures. Humans are equipped with reason and thoughts that can make humans continue to think and develop their minds. Education is essentially an effort to civilize humans or to glorify humans. For the implementation of education properly and appropriately, we need a science that examines in depth how education should be implemented. In this case there is what is called the necessity of education, which contains humans as creatures who need to be educated and need to educate themselves. And the possibility of education which contains about humans as beings who can be educated. The analysis technique in this paper is thematic analysis. The results of the study show that with the necessity and possibility of education, the target (human) will become a learner and also an educator in accordance with the nature and principles that exist, so that humans can become useful people for themselves and others


This article assesses the level of population involvement in corrupt practices based on the results of a sociological survey of the urban and rural population of the Altai region (2019, n = 1259). The characterization of the population's involvement in corrupt practices was carried out in the context of sixteen proposed to respondents situations of their interaction with representatives of government over the past two years. For each situation, indicators of the risk of corruption and the demand for corruption were determined, as well as the coverage of the interaction of the population with representatives of the authorities. As a result of comparing the obtained indicators, some situations were allocated into separate subgroups. The wide coverage of corruption practices among the population of the Altai region over the past two years, permeating all spheres of society's life, was noted. The proportion of cases of a population falling into a corruption situation over the past two years, depending on the sphere of deal, ranged from 11.3 % to 29.3 %.


In all cells, a tight regulation exists between glucose uptake and utilization to prevent diseases related to its perturbed metabolism. In insulin‐targeted cells, such as hepatocytes, proper glucose utilization requires an elaborate interplay between the insulin receptor, the glucose transporter, and mitochondria that involves the participation of actin microfilaments and microtubules. In addition, there is increasing evidence of an involvement of the third cytoskeletal network provided by intermediate filaments (IFs). Keratins belong to the multigene family of IF proteins, coordinately expressed as distinct pairs within the context of epithelial cell differentiation. Hepatocyte IFs are made up of the [keratin (K)8/K18] pair only, whereas pancreatic β‐cell IFs additionally include small amounts of K7. There are accumulating examples of K8/K18 involvement in the glucose‐insulin cross‐talk, including the modulation of plasma glucose levels, insulin release from pancreatic β‐cells, and insulin‐mediated glucose uptake and glycogen production in hepatocytes after a K8/K18 loss. This review integrates the mechanistic features that support such an impact of K8/K18 IFs on insulin‐dependent glucose metabolism regulation in liver and its implication in glucose‐ or insulin‐associated diseases.—Roux, A., Gilbert, S., Loranger, A., Marceau, N. Impact of keratin intermediate filaments on insulin‐mediated glucose metabolism regulation in the liver and disease association. FASEB J. 30, 491‐502 (2016). www.fasebj.org


A fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm is presented which is much faster than the traditional algorithm for data sets in which the number of features is significantly larger than the number of feature vectors. The algorithm is constructed by utilizing the covariance structure of feature vectors and cluster centers. By using results from a previous clustering, modified versions of the new algorithm achieve additional reductions in floating point operations. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Two unique RAPD markers of 6 Flax (Linum usitatissimum) near-isogenic lines were obtained and cloned into T-vector. The two unique RAPD bland were sequenced. The necessity of conversion of RAPD marker to the other markers was acquired.


Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the population aged 50 or more.Research progress in the pathogenesis of dry AMD provides many new therapeutic targets.Drugs now under investigation mainly target at inhibition of inflammation,prevention of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss,decreasing accumulation of toxic by-products,enhancement of choroid blood supply and ameliorating oxidative stress injury.Besides,stem cell has become a new paradigm for developing therapies for dry AMD.

Key words:
age-related macular degeneration;  inflammation;  retinal pigment epithelium;  oxidative stress ;  stem cell


To implement the coordinating development in the red triangle area has great significance. But the interior similar economical structure, low economy power and the lack of the regional public goods hinder it to do so. It must take an orientation with reason for its development in the future. And the resources and industry must be refonned and the institutions must be innovated to accelerate the coordinating development of the economy.


The authors present a novel version of low-delay vector excitation coding (LD-VXC) operating at 8 kb/s that provides very good speech quality with a coding delay below that of the CCITT requirement. The coder integrates techniques such as vector quantization and analysis-by-synthesis, without any excessive buffering of speech samples in the encoder, by incorporating backward adaptive linear prediction. Compared with LD-VXC at 16 kb/s which was reported earlier, this version features an increased vector dimension, closed-loop pitch prediction with a three-tap pitch filter, codebook orthogonalization techniques, and dual-mode interframe coding of the pitch trajectory. Informal listening tests demonstrate that its quality is comparable to that of VSELP operating at the same rate, while maintaining a delay constraint an order of magnitude smaller than that of VSELP.<<ETX>>


The projected Katse dam, in Lesotho, will be equipped with a water intake, in order to divert water to the Vaal catchment in South Africa. Estimation of the risk of sedimentation in front of the water intake (and sand entrainment through it) was carried out using the Char2 mathematical model of movable beds, developed by SOGREAH, taking into account the main characteristics of the sediment and hydraulics conditions of the river entering the reservoir. Deposition in the reservoir over a long period (50 years) was calculated, as well as the displacement of the deposits by flood action. Because of the uncertainty surrounding sediment characteristics and specific degradation of the catchment area, several scenarios were contemplated. As a conclusion, this study confirms the proposed location of the water intake, which would not be affected by siltation for a long period. Only a combination of extreme rare events would cause deposits to reach the intake.


There are many noises in the Fibre-opitc strain sensor system, which directly affects the resolution and stability. For the practicability of the system, the denoising to the output signal must be carried out. In this paper, the original spatial correlation wavelet denoising has been improved and applied to analyze the data of Fibre-optic strain sensor signal. The simulation results show that the improved spatial correlation denoising can perfectly remove the noise from the sensor signal.


Fluid-resistance limited transport of vesicles through narrow constrictions is a recurring theme in many biological and engineering applications. Inspired by the motor-driven movement of soft membrane-bound vesicles into closed neuronal dendritic spines, here we study this problem using a combination of passive three-dimensional simulations and a simplified semi-analytical theory for active transport of vesicles that are forced through such constrictions by molecular motors. We show that the motion of these objects is characterized by two dimensionless quantities related to the geometry and the strength of forcing relative to the vesicle elasticity. We use numerical simulations to characterize the transit time for a vesicle forced by fluid pressure through a constriction in a channel, and find that relative to an open channel, transport into a blind end leads to the formation of an effective lubrication layer that strongly impedes motion. When the fluid pressure forcing is complemented by forces due to molecular motors that are responsible for vesicle trafficking into dendritic spines, we find that the competition between motor forcing and fluid drag results in multistable dynamics reminiscent of the real system. Our study highlights the role of non-local hydrodynamic effects in determining the kinetics of vesicular transport in constricted geometries.


This paper introduces the technological process of the overhaul of K18DG-type coal hopper wagon and the reform process of the wagons satisfying the existing technical conditions,and according to the structural characteristics of K18DG-type coal hopper wagon,puts the overhaul of the general parts (bogie and coupler/draft gear) of the wagon into normal overhaul production line,and makes the detail analysis on the specific parts of K18DG-type coal hopper wagon for maximizing the use of the existing mature processes and equipment to improve the overhaul quality and ensure driving safety.


Ife and Modakeke communities in Southwestern Nigeri a have engaged in protracted communal violence. The confli ct has grown and matured to the extent that it is no longer a physic al battle alone. Its psychological dimension has reached the extent that both parties are in cold war. Efforts of informal social networks and f ormal community institutions put in place to address the conflict h ave not produced lasting peace. Education is an instrument of achieving soci al change by identifying sources of conflict and resolving them. Thus, this paper examines the intensity of the crisis, strategies to curb the violence and why these strategies have failed. It therefore proposes an integrated education premised on contact theory to resolve Ife-Modakeke conflict. It is argued that integrated school as it operates in USA, North ern Ireland, and Israel is a peace initiative. It involves educating childr en from communities that have suffered from prolonged communal conflict in a n integrated school environment to enhance better cross-community relat ions. It therefore concludes that contact between communities within a n educational setting would reduce intolerant attitudes and lead to bette r intergroup relations.


STEM. It's one of the newest hot topics if you are in education. Many professional development sessions lately have been devoted to it... but what is it exactly? And furthermore, how does it relate to agricultural education and how do we get on board with it? It's really quite simple. STEM is an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It is a major movement to get these topics taught on some scale in each and every classroom, be it an English class or a small engines class. The idea of STEM, however, is not a new idea to most agricultural educators. It's something we have been doing for a long time and without a major nationwide initiative.As a tenured teacher, STEM topics have been part of my curriculum since I began teaching at Jackson County High School in 2004. My major focus has always been on the mechanical side of things, so the engineering aspect comes naturally to most of my class material. Anyone who has ever taken a welding class, small engines, construction, ag power, or structures class knows how big a part engineering plays in these classes. However, it may not be as apparent how the rest fits in. I do many projects with my students throughout the year and these topics come up frequently in class. Let's take it letter by letter and you can see for yourself how STEM fits in the agricultural classroom and see some examples of how this agricultural educator incorporates these principles:"S" stands for science in this acronym. In the realm of agriculture, science plays a major role. It is obvious for many classes how this fits. An animal science class spends much time on anatomy and physiology of how animals bodies work; a direct correlation with biology. Many times I have students say to me, "We just talked about this in science class, but not quite this in depth!" However it may not be as apparent in a mechanical sense. In my small engines class for example, we spend time talking about fuels and how they work. The students must find chemical formulas for the different fuels, gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, kerosene, etc. Once they do, they then discuss the process of how an engine uses this fuel, what is burned off, and what is left behind. We also spend a great deal of time discussing propane as an alternative fuel, and have even converted several engines to operate on propane."T" means technology. This one is almost too obvious. Technology is constantly changing in every aspect of our lives. We no sooner get the newest gadget and then a month later the next version is available. We try to stay on top of technology in agricultural education. We want our students to be able to go out into their field of study after graduation and be on top of the game. My classes get full-on instruction in the latest updates in technology as it relates to that particular class. We use computer programs to make landscaping easier, calculate feed rations, and even take care of our greenhouse operations. However, in the field of agriculture mechanics, we still use technology to a great extent. The newest tools and equipment that are being used in the field, new testing equipment for engines, even computer-based certification testing is now available and being utilized. Just this year, the state of Kentucky has accepted a certification program through agriculture mechanics as a "career ready" mark for agriculture students. This particular certification is through the Engine and Equipment Training Council or EETC is not computer-based, however it has encouraged some of my students to further pursue certification with Briggs and Stratton, which is computer based. This year, so far, I have had 4 students passed certifications in my classes, two through EETC, and two have begun testing with Briggs and Stratton. It is also my understanding that several other schools are beginning this testing process as well. Studies and surveys have shown that technicians are in short supply and demand will continue to increase. …


Matatyahu (Mati) Rubin passed away on February 6, 2017, at the age of 70, after a struggle with lung cancer. He left his widow, Chaya, four children, six grand children, and an impressive mathematical legacy. Born on September 24, 1946, in Tel-Aviv (Israel) to Puah and Hanan Rubin, a socialist leaderwho served in theKneset (the Israeli parliament, 1949–1962). From his parents Mati absorbed a deep knowledge of the political history of Europe, and his love of classical music in which he grew to become a true connoisseur. Rubin's mathematical work included contributions to set theory and model theory, to the study of ordered algebraic structures, and to general topology, but most significantly to the theory of Boolean algebras and to the study of reconstruction problems. His role in the study of the problem of reconstructing various structures from groups of their automorphisms, is a fundamental part of the theory and a standard tool in the study of the problem. Mati received his academic education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Being an extremely thorough and assiduous scholar, Mati decided that in order to truly understand first order logic, he had to study at depth a specific example. In his M.Sc. thesis, under the supervision of H. Gaifman, he investigated the theory of linear orders. Despite being a well-known example already studied by central figures in the field, Mati obtained significant new results. His first published article "Theories of linear order" (1974, 52 pages), based on this work, is still a standard reference in the subject, and a canonical example of classical model theoretic analysis, in the spirit of A. Tarski and A. Robinson. Following Gaifman's advice, Mati started his Ph.D. as S. Shelah's first student upon the latter's arrival to the Hebrew University. His dissertation "On Boolean Algebras and Their Automorphism Groups" already touched upon the main themes that will occupyMati throughout his career: Boolean algebras, automorphism groups, and reconstruction problems. The problem of reconstructing a Boolean algebra from its group of automorphism was formulated by J. D. Monk in 1975, with rudimentary answers due to Monk and McKenzie (around 1977). Mati's work greatly extended the subject in several directions.


A novel optical system that combines a polarimetric current sensor based on the Faraday effect, and a voltage sensor based on the Pockels effect, is described. The proposed device uses polarizers that possess high polarization ratios in specific spectral ranges. This allows the simultaneous codification of current and voltage information in differ- ent spectral regions, which, in turn, enables independent measurements of both magnitudes. Validation experiments are presented. © 2009 Society


Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) and Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) enable robots to infer human's object referring intention through natural languages. In this letter, Gaze-directed Visual Grounding Network (GVGNet) is proposed to disambiguate human's under-specified object referring intention in the joint task of REC and RES. To reduce the uncertainty of the referred object, the human gaze is first introduced to explicitly indicate the target location. A multi-modal feature fusion module is further applied to model the context between the language, image, and gaze modalities for the subsequent localization and segmentation modules. To train our network, a tabletop object dataset with human gaze, namely OCID-underRef, is extended from the existing OCID-Ref dataset through synthetic gaze modeling. The domain gap between the synthetic and the real-world gaze distribution is further reduced through a gaze rectification method using dynamic grid assignment and head pose constraint. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method in both OCID-underRef and real-world scenarios for referred object grasping tasks with under-specified object referring expressions.